The Missionary Review of the World — June 1938

1938

The Modern City Number Christ at the Center of City Life Aubrey S. Moore Meeting the Modem City Problems Herbert E. Eberhardt. The Youth Problem in the City What Church Federations Can Do Robert V. Russell God and Company……Unlimited Walter R. Mee Serving Christ in Crowded Streets M. W. Pullen Preaching the Gospel to City Folk Putting the Gospel to the Test Robert A. McKibben Contacts with Industrial Workers Harry A. Ironside When a Policeman Is Transformed J. F. Harrison The Inner and the Outer City A. J. Muste A United Church Project Paul Buffa What a Suburban Church Can Do Best Books on the City Problem Ernest G. Guthrie G. R. Larson 25 Cents a Copy Frank A. Fitt Charles H. Sears $2.50 a Year '

to Remember September 21-28 – General Council, PARENTS~ ••

United Church of Canada, Toronto, June 2-General Synod, Reformed Canada. In the Foreign Mission Field Church in America, Asbury Park, N. J. October 5-12 – United L u the ran Endorse Calvert: School Church in America, Biennial Con- Home Study Courses June 2-Fiftieth Anniversary of the vention, Baltimore, Md. Women's Missionary Society, Gen- Eor Childrel!l eral Synod of the Evangelical and October 14-20 – American Lutheran Reformed Church, Akron, Ohio. Church, Biennial Convention, San- Calvert School, through its Home Instruc- dU!lky, Ohio. tion Department, will give your child a superior elementary education ••• by mail, June 7-27-Indian Workers Confer- regardless of where you may live. Modences. Four Regional Conferences ern, approved courses from this famous of the National Fellowship of In- , Personal Items school are being used by parents allover dian Workers. (1) The Oklahoma the world with outstanding success. Conference, to be held at Dwight Mr. Robert L. Latimer for 45 years Training School, Marble City, Okla., treasurer of the Board of Foreign Give your children the advantages of these June 7-9. (2) The Southwest Re- Missions of the United Presbyterian interesting lessons, carefully chosen books, gional Conference, at the Navajo Church has retired and his place has and attractive materials. Instruction is Methodist School, Farmington,N.M., , been fill~d by Dr. R. W. Caldwell, Fi-, under the personal guidance of teachers in June 14-16. (3) Pacific Northwest nancial Secretary of the Board. Calvert's prominent and successful private Regional Conference, at the Nez day school in Baltimore. Perces Camp Meeting Grounds, *** Craigmont, Idaho, June 20-22. (4) Write today for booklet of complete in- The Midwest Regional Conference, Dr. Mills J. Taylor, Associate Sec- formation. Costs are low. at the College of Agriculture, Uni- retary of the United Presbyterian versity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis., Board of Foreign Missions plans to CALVERT SCHOOL , June 24-27. These Conferences are visit the mission fields, leaving Ameropen to all friends of the Indians. ica about May first, with Mrs. Taylor ISOW. Tuscany Road ' and returning in January, 1939. Baltimor. + Maryland June 8-Synod of Christian Reformed *** United States. At Amarillo, Texas, Church, Grand Rapids, Michigan. 6,500 persons heard the Gipsy, and Dr. Paul J. Braisted, General Sec- many more were unable to get into the June 9-15-Norwegian Lutheran retary of the Student Volunteer Move- auditorium. Synod Convention, Mankato, Min- ment, has been elected Campus Sec- retary for the University Christian Sir Wilfred *T. *Gr*enfell, who has nesota. Mission to succeed the Rev. J. Max- served 45 years as a voluntary med- June 15-22-General Council of Con- well Adams. Dr. Braisted will give ical missionary in Newfoundland and gregational and Christian Churches, only a portion of his time to his new Labrador, recently celebrated his 73d office. birthday on an island off the coast of Beloit, Wisconsin. Georgia. Because of a chronic heart *** ailment, he may never be able 'to re- June 16-24 – Winona School of Mis- turn to Labrador, where hospitals, sions, Winona Lake, Indiana. Mrs. . Bi~op Henry,W. Hobson, of Cin- schools and nursing stations bear his Wm. Eckert, 1612 South 11th St., CinnatI, has been elected president of Maywood, Illinois. the "Movement for World Christi- name. anity," an interdenominational organ- June 18-25 ~ Geneva Summer School ization created in 1934, as a result of Obituary Notel for Missionary Education, Geneva the Laymen's Commission Report on Lake, Wisconsin. Write for infor- Foreign Missions. Bishop Hobson has The Rev. Dr. Eddy H. Greeley, for mation to Mrs. Paul H. Wezaman, attracted wide interest by literally fifty years a missionary of the Meth- 177 So. Humphrey Ave., Oak Park, carrying the church to the people in a odist Episcopal Church in Liberia and specially constructed trailer, called Rhodesia, died on April 8, at; Old Ill. Umtali, Rhodesia, at the age of 80 years. He was born at Owakonna, June 22-29 – General Synod, Evan- "St. Paul's Wayside Cathedral," re- Minnesota, in 1857, and was a cousin gelical and Reformed Churches, placing the cathedral in downtown of Horace Greeley. After graduation Columbus, Ohio. Cincinnati, as reported in the REVIEW from Hamblein University, St. Paul, he sailed for Liberia in 1888. He June 25-27-National Council of Fed- for April. *** introduced new plant life into Old erated Church Women, Eagles Umtali to add to the variety of native Mrs. J. P. White, editor of the foods. He was known especially as a Mere, Pa. Women's Missionary Magazine of the hymnodist and translator and for United Presbyterian Church. who has some years wrote the Sunday school June 25-July 2-Mt. Hermon Feder- been touring the foreign field of the lessons for missionaries and teachers. ated School of Missions, Mt. Her- Church, arrived in America on April mon, Cal. 14. Miss Anna A. Milligan, former C. Luther Fr*y, P*h.D* ., who did con- Educational Secretary of the United June 26-July 1- Church Conference Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- siderable work on the census of re- of Social Workers, Seattle, Wash- ligious bodies in the United States ington. and for five years was professor of Sociology in the University of Roch- June 28-July 3 – International Con- sions. who has spent the winter in ester, died on April 12, after a brief vention of Christian Endeavor, Egypt, will make a wider visit of for- illness. From 1922 to 1933 Dr. Fry Columbus, Ohio. eign ,missions before returning to was Director of the Bureau of Stand- ards of the Institute of Social and Re- July 11-19 – Northfield Missionary America. ** ligious Research of New York. He Conference, Northfield, Mass. Miss H*. was the author of "American Vil- Corona Rayle Cook, 16 Farnham Dr. James Rushbrooke, Execu- lagers," "The United States Looks tive Secretary of the Baptist World at Its Churches," and other volumes. St., Portland, Maine. Alliance, went to Bucharest to study He was born in Philadelphia, the'son the situation faced by Baptists in July 12-August 17 – Winona Lake Roumania, ana was granted an inter- (Concluded on 3d cO'IJer.) School of Theology, Winona Lake, view by King Carol and the Rou- Indiana. manian premier. The difficulties now seem to be under control. August 23-29-World Conference on International Friendship Through the Churches, Larvik, Norway. Evangelist G*ips*y *Smith. now 77 September 6-20 – World's You n g years old, declares that he has never Women's Gh r i s t ian Association, addressed greater crowds or more Canada. , September 11-16-International Con- eager young people, and has never vention of the Disciples of Christ, seen greater results of presenting the Gospel than in his latest tour of the Denver, Colo.

MISSIONARY I want to express a word of appre- Malwa-the Great

REVIEW OF THE WORLD ciation for the REVIEW and what it means in the program of missions. When Ihe good wOl'k VOL. LXI JUNE, 1938 No.6 Leaders in our missionary societies and groups throughout the country p.o calls yo. Basi … sail Publication and Business omc_ subscribe to it regularly. During our Third and Reily Sts., Harrlsburc, Pa. annual convention in June, when our This year marks a full century of P & 0 new program of missions is inaugu- service to the lands beyond Suez! When- Editorial and Executive omc_ rated, special prominence is given to ever you are called to the other side of the 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. the place that the REVIEW has in help- world, choose this traditional route. Cross Entered as second-class matter at ing to create effective missionary pro- to England by Cunard White Star … and grams. It is our sincere wish that the then embark in a great liner of the P & 0 Post Omce, Harrlsburc, P•., under REVIEW will continue to hold this im- and British India fleets, led by the new Act of March 3, 1879. portant place in the program of mis- 23,500-ton Stratheden and Strathallan, sions. featuring air-conditioned dining saloons 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. in first class, hot and cold running water Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. ADAM W. MILLER, throughout, built-in out-of-door swimming Published monthly, except August. Secretary of the Missionary pools, children'.s playrooms! Regular ser- All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1937. vice to Egypt, Sudan, Persian Gulf, India, British agents – Marshall, Morgan Board of the Church of Burma, Ceylon, Straits Settlements, China, and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, God. Japan, Australia, East and South Africa, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, Mauritius. Special reductions and gener- 10 shillings • year. *** ous baggage allowance for missionaries.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- I have been reading the February Convenient through bookings can be ar- LISHING CO., INC. REVIEW today. Have greatly enjoyed rangedbyyourtravelagentoranyoffice of it. It is filled with material that helps BOARD OF DIRECTORS the missionary hope and spirit. The CUNARD WHITE STU UNE ROBE'RT E. SPEBR, Pre••dent articles are helpful and discerning. A. L. WABN8HUl8, Vice-Prerident "The World-Wide Outlook" pages are General Agents W ALTBR McDOUGALL, Treasurer especially helpful. The Moslem Num- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secr8tarll ber has also been very useful to mis- 25 Broadway and 638 Fifth Avenue, N. Y. sionary groups. PAUL J. BRAl8TBD SAMUEL McCruu. CAVlIBT REV. STEPHEN J. COREY, D.D., Secretary of the United Christip,n D. J. FANT )lR8. ORRIN R. JUDD Missionary Socie·ty, Indianapo- WM. B. LIPPHABD lis, Ind. ERIC M. NORTH SAMUEL M. ZWEMII1I *** Editorial Chat I read THE REVIEW with great in- terest and profit and wish you all suc- "We have the honor to present"- cess in the conduct of this fine magaour City Mission Study Number of the zine. REVIEW. As usual, more papers came in than one issue–even a larger one H. D. DAVIES, –can accommodate. But it is a large Chicago Regional Secretary, Misand important subject, and worthy of careful study. Other articles on the sions Council of the Congrega- City and the Church will appear in tional and Christian Churches. the July and September numbers. They are some of the best-do not THE PRESBYTERIAn miss them. See the list of held-over articles mentioned on our back cover. -:- The only weekly in the Presbyterian Church. Previous spec*ial *mis*sion study num- .:- Its message is based upon bers have been in great demand, and the Revealed Word of God. some have been sold out before late orders could be filled. Order early. .:- Goes into every state in the Uni6n, U. S. possessions *** and many foreign countries.

The following are some unsolicited Subscription rate – $2.50 comments on the REVIEW recently re- Ministerial rate – – $2.00 ceived: SOc. exfra–Canadian postage *** $1.S0 extra– Foreign postage I follow the articles published in THE PRESBYTERIAn the REVIEW with great interest. Last week I wrote up a note for the Evan- 121 7 Market Street gelical and Reformed Messenger Philadelphia, Pa. recommending the REVIEW to our pastors and general readers. Nothing [257 ] would please me more than to learn that it had won new subscribers.

F. A. GOETSCH, Associate Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions,Evangeli- cal Synod of N. A.

*** The REVIEW is so valuable to us in our Mission Study that we are turning to you for help in planning our program for next year.

MRS. W. J. GOODWIN. Louisville, Kentucky.

Aerial Surveys

THE MODERN CITY – LOWER NEW YORK – AND ITS TOWERS (One building may accommodate 15,000 tenants and employees) Wide World Photo HUMANITY IN A MODE,RN CITY – TIMES SQUARE, NEW YORK, ON NEW YEAR'S EVE RPVIB ORLD VOLUME LXI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 6 JUNE, 1938 Topics of the Times CHRIST AND THE MODERN CITY their parks, or with their night life; with their Two American cities (New York and Chicago) commercial activity and culture or with suffering each has a population larger than the whole of humanity; with their magnificent houses or with the United States in 1780. Fourteen of our cities their slums; with their educational institutions contain more people than the estimated popula- or their jails; with their rapid transit or their tion of the whole Roman Empire in Europe at rapid moral decline; with their churches or their saloons and brothels? We know how He dealt the time of Christ. New York City has a larger with Jerusalem, the Royal City. He came there population than Central America, or Arabia, or the whole of Australia (which has nearly the area to teach and to heal, to rebuke and to warn; He wept over the sin and hardness of heart of the of the United States). people; He suffered indignities at the hands of There are ninety-six cities in the United States the chief rulers in Church and State, but He de- with over 100,000 each and 500 cities each with lighted in the children; He loved even His eneover 15,000. These cities represent not only a mies and gave His life to save them from sin and great mass of humanity but here we find, in al- death. Would Jesus look differently on the cities most any large city, men of all races and lan- of today with their mixed multitudes? guages, in all degrees of poverty and wealth, of ignorance and culture; almost every type of reli- 1. If Jesus Christ came to America today, we gious faith and superstition is represented- know that He would first of all look on our city voodooism and theosophy, spiritism and demon- with clear discernment. He would delight in true worship, Islam and Hinduism, Shinto and Confu- beauty but would distinguish between the tawdry cianism, as well as every kind of Christian sect. material things that pass away, and the beauty of life and character that abide. He would see What elements of good and evil are contend- clearly the difference between the wealth that ing for the mastery in these centers of population men seek after and the riches that abide; between -banditry and honest business, commercialized the power that politicians and magnates crave vice and purity, selfish capitalism and philan- and the power that brings life out of death. He thropy, self-seeking labor and sacrificial service, would distinguish between the churches that can anti-God activity and Christian missions! boast only of wealth and social prestige, with What a field for Christian witness and activity beautiful equipment and elaborate ritual, and is presented in the modern city! How would Jesus those churches that may be worshiping only in a Christ look on our American cities if He should transformed saloon but where Christ is exalted, visit them in the flesh today? We know how God where the Gospel is preached and where men, looked on Sodom and its wickedness, and on Baby- women and children are being born anew through lon, the "mother of harlots," in spite of its pal- the power of the Spirit of God. He would disaces and hanging gardens; on Nineveh with its tinguish between empty eloquence and the quiet godlessness and ignorance; on Jerusalem, the testimony of some obscure saint. backsliding city over which Christ wept. How would He look today on New York, Chicago, De- 2. Jesus Christ, today, if He visited our city, troit, Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, St. Louis, would look on the multitudes with compassion as He did in ancient Palestine. He would weep with New Orleans, Los Angeles? Would He be most those who weep and rejoice with those who have ~1JlJ?ress~d. w~th ~heir skfline and the beauty of true cause for jOf. H;e would s~I!athiz~ wit.l1.

~ 259 ~

the sufferers and with those who are oppressed lowering standards in morals and in legislation, by money-getters or political bosses. He would the mad rush to increase armaments and growing distinguish between those who are sinned against, threats of international wars-all these and other and those who lead others astray; between the troubles tend to make men so fearful and full of "bandit" who has had little chance to know a bet- self-pity that many of us are tempted to forget ter way of life, and the honored "bandit" in high the more critical condition of others. As a result places who sins against light. He would denounce we neglect to help them in their hour of need. the hypocrites of all names and stations, and Many appeals have been made to bring help to would say to the misled and underprivileged, "Go, the suffering Chinese in this devastating, unjust sin no more." and cruel war that has been thrust upon them. The Red Cross and other philanthropic and mis- 3. Jesus Christ today would come to our city to sionary agencies are appealing for help for the give instruction and encouragement where they millions of Chi1tese sufferers-the vast hordes of are most needed. He would cheer the struggling wounded, the famine stricken because of war, pastor and the troubled parents. Where the truth those suffering from venereal disease (due largely of God is proclaimed and the love of God is mani- to the invading soldiers), and from cholera and fested' His presence would give light in darkness other epidemics. Doctors, nurses and funds are so that people would flock again to His standard. sorely needed to care for these wounded and dis- He would give hope to the faithful who are eased, to supply ambulances, medicines, bandages, tempted to discouragement, and would point out food and general hospitalization. The need is the way of victory through sacrifice. He would greater than ever and yet the response from make clear again the spiritual forces by which America has been smaller than in any previous He will overcome the world, and would call men crisis. Only about one-third of the $1,000,000 for to "leave all and follow" Him. which appeal was made, has been given. There is need for $5,000,000 from America. Chinese We have every reason to believe that if Jesus doctors and nurses and missionary forces are do- Christ came to our city today-unless He came ing their utmost, but they are hindered by lack In power to wipe out all evil and to establish His of supplies. Relief funds are now practically ex- Kingdom-He would look with compassion on the city and its inhabitants, and would preach and hausted.* The accompanying map shows how teach and work to make the Father known, and to bring new life and godliness to fruition as widespread is the area of conflict and how gener- He did nineteen hundred years ago. Would we ally the missionaries have remained at their posts receive Him differently than men received Him to minister to sufferers, in spite of personal disthen? tress and danger.

But if Jesus Christ is God and meant what He The Chinese Christians are also doing their utsaid then He is here today-not only in our city most. The following extracts from a letter from but in every city; not only in our cities, but in a Chinese Christian, Rev. Andrew Gih of the ,our towns and villages; He is in every home and Bethel Mission, Shanghai, shows how the work of church, every shop and factory, every school and Christ goes on, in spite of difficulties. Mr. Gih office, and in every individual where He is re- writes: ceived and is given the right of way. Today, as then, "to as many as receive Him" to them does When the war broke out in Shanghai, our people (of He give the right to become Children of God- Bethel Mission) had to flee to the International Concesfrom every class and tongue and nation. Would sions for safety. The hospital staff (in four hospitals) He offer any other remedy for sin and misery to- went right on with their work for wounded soldiers and day than He offered in the first century? Would our Christian nurses had the joy of serving and witness· He not tell His followers today in our cities to ing to the wounded; our evangelists were also busily enfollow Him and to make known the Way of Life gaged in preaching in many of the 200 refugee camps. to others by teaching men in private and in pub- The largest of these camps had fifteen thousand refugees, lic to know Him and to observe all the things He the smallest several hundred. Many broken hearts were has commanded us? Only when Christ is recog- bound up with the healing Gospel of Christ. We could nized and received by all the multitudes in our not carry on our schools as the section where our Bethel cities, will they truly become cities of God. What Compound is located -was badly bombarded, our Orphanage are we doing to help fulfil the purpose of God and was burned, and other buildings were damaged. All our the command of Christ to make known the Good belongings were looted and the Japanese still occupy our News and the power that He came to proclaim? beautiful Compound. The Hospital workers are still car- rying on in our branch Hospital in Shanghai but our OUR RESPONSE TO CHINA'S NEED Orphanage, Publishing Department, Bible Seminary and Evangelistic Bands have all been moved to Hongkong. • Rising taxes, increased cost of living, unemploy- ment, strikes in industry, depression in business, We thank God that He has preserved all our lives and we are able to carryon the work. Some evangelists are now preaching in the interior; one Band in Yunnan, another in Szechuan and others in Kwangsi, Kweichow • Contributions should be sent to mission boards having work In China. or the National Red Cross. Washington. D. C.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

There is only one way to overcome evil, and that is with positive good. There is only one truly good and that is God. Love is the only remedy for hate; life is the only effective antidote to death. Jesus Christ is the only salvation for in- dividuals and for the world. Therefore mission- aries go into all the world to spread the truth, the love, the life of God. as these are made known in Jesus Christ.

• .N _' JEWRY IN DISTRESS! WHAT OF IT?

, ;HE~~I ' …, American Jews, 4,500,000 in number, are out . .. . .. .. . ,—",""–. to raise $9,600,000 in 1938. This vast sum is for . –. ,-) relief of os,tracized and persecuted Jews in Europe and to aid in their settlement in Palestine or else- .. . " where, as circum.stances permit. -"~' -.: .: ~…~ The tidal wave of anti-Semitism has spread to Ii.~- Germany, Austria, Poland, Roumania and begins even to inundate Great Britain and America. The 'QR zons (8'-4"") OF CHlM essential cause of this widespread anti-Semitism is the economic distress in the world today. In UIlLOCUIOIOPAJIIIIllW prosperous times anti-Semitism rarely occurs. Hitler's racial ideology is another factor, as is the PROf'IstAJlftllS8101SWIOlS unfortunate behavior of some individual Jews. Business shrewdness, and in some cases dishon- kebdot "'p""e1Ittaoit,. esty, are other factors, but who persecutes all wtth_o…….. p"rlUU>ellt Gentiles because of shrewdness or personal dis- honesty? =:::~~"tl::~:nt In Poland there are 3,500,000 Jews, of whom .~. . .NU) …U.t …rIt. 1,000,000 are starving, who are involved. Rou- mania has 1,000,000 Jews while Germany has WHERE JAPANESE AND MISSIONARIES ARE OPERATING- only 350,000 and Austria about 200,000. All these DIFFERENTLY are menaced and for them American Jews are seeking to raise $9,600,000 this year. Incidentally and Chehkiang Provinces. They have been facing danger!; since 1914 American Jews have provided $87,- from air raids, but all witness to the power of the Holy 000,000 for the relief of European Jews. Spirit in changing many lives. Owing to the abnormal conditions, the traveling is difficult, so that it took sixteen In Germany, in addition to the Jews, there are days to reach the place of the first campaign in Kweichow. about 1,000,000 non-Aryans, and in Austria 600,- Another Band is going to Hunan and the fourth to the 000 or more. Any man, woman or child with at northern part of Kwangtung Province. We do not know least one Jewish grandparent, or one who is marhow long we will be allowed to preach unmolested. We ried to a Jew is classed as a non-Aryan and theremust spread the Good News before it is too late. The fore receives the same treatment as a Jew. Japanese give no liberty to the Chinese preachers in occupied territories. Pray that God will grant peace in the Thus there are approximately 7,000,000 folk in Far East and pray for those who are lifting up Christ Europe who, because of Jewish ancestry near or among the Chinese. There are wonderful opportunities, remote, are unwanted by their fellow citizens. especially in the interior of China. People are receptive And partly because of anti-Jewish sentiment, but to the Gospel and they realize life is uncertain and prop- more largely because of unemployment crises, erty is not dependable. Thank God "we know whom we they are not wanted anywhere else. Even in Palhave believed and we are persuaded that He is able to estine the number actually able to enter there in keep that which we have committed unto Him against one year has been reduced from 61,000 in 1935 that day." to less than 10,000 in 1937. Moreover, the Jew- Arab conflict in Palestine, coupled with the British It is more and more evident that it is impos- Partition proposals, has served to arouse the Mossible to carry out any isolation policy-either lem world and to increase the anti-Semitic sentinational or individual. War in one country will ment there. involve other nations, however much we may strive to prevent it. Famine and economic The net result of all this is a growing fearfultroubles in one land affect others. Disease will ness, uncertainty and insecurity in the hearts and spread in spite of sanitary measures. Immoral- minds of Jewry throughout the world. ity, selfish ambition and false philosophy cannot be confined within any national boundaries. Irreligion and anti-Christian, or anti-Jewish, propaganda spreads from party to party, from class to class, and from country to country, when not checked by positive faith and by the dissemination of God's truth.

Why should Christians be concerned with the ous in providing hospitality to these victims of fate of Jewish and non-Aryan victims of anti- a present day cruel autocracy? We especially need Semitism; why should we take upon ourselves to be on guard lest this unchristian racial dis- the responsibility of caring for these non-Aryans? crimination gains a foothold here. Propaganda is First of all because we are Christians and many a vicious thing and is powerful in formulating of these non-Aryans are Christians by faith. J ew- public opinion. We should strenuously oppose the ry is aiding admirably and sacrificially the Jewish anti-Jewish propaganda in America; we should victims, and has even helped non-Aryan victims, pray for persecuted Jewry and for a change of though the latter are definitely Christendom's re- heart in their persecutors. Here is a great op- sponsibility. But up-to-date, Christendom has not portunity to show the spirit of Christ and to do, been as generous as Jewry. The result is grievous individually and collectively everything we can distress and suffering among the Jewish, non- to combat the causes and consequences of anti- Aryan and Christian refugees. What right have Semitism. Tli'e-se are inescapable responsibilities Christians in America to protest against anti- of all who claim to be Christian.

Semlitism in Europe while we do nothing effective- CONRAD HOFFMANN, JR. ly to aid the victims of such racial discrimination?

We need to be reminded of the good Samaritan as weU as of the Levite and the priest in our Lord's FOURTEEN POINTS FOR FOREIGN parable. There is an American Committee* to aid MISSIONS Christian refugees from Germany and this committee needs financial help to meet the growing 1. Every book in the New Testament was writdistress. A few instances of the flotsam and jet- ten by a foreign missionary. sam of human wreckage in the wake of the present tidal wave of anti-Semitism, are the fol- 2. Every letter in the New Testament that was lowing: written to an individual was written to a convert of a foreign missionary. 1. Mr. F- is a pharmacist, non-Aryan, but a Christian by faith having won the Iron Cross, the Front Trench 3. Every epistle in the New Testament that was Fighter's, and the wounded-in-service medals. As a non- writteB to a church was written to a for- Aryan he was no longer allowed to run his private phar- eign missionary church. macy in Germany, and was forcibly compelled to sublet. Now he is in America looking for work and hopes later 4. Every book in the New Testament that was to be joined by his wife and two sons as soon as he is written to a community of believers was able to support them. Before he could leave Germany he written to a general group of foreign mishad to pay 81% of his funds as a "flight tax." sionary churches.

5. The one book of prophecy in the New Testa- 2. Mrs. U- was a Christian Gentile woman, married ment was written to the seven foreign misto a Jew in Vienna; her husband is no longer allowed to sionary churches in Asia. work. She is a teacher of Germanics, but being married 6. The only authoritative history of the early to a Jew she, too, is not allowed to work. Christian Church is a foreign missionary journal. 3. Mr. T- was a government expert on Social Security 7. The disciples were called Christians first in and Socialized Medicine; a non-Aryan Christian, and a a foreign missionary community. member of the German Confessional Church group of which Dr. Niemoller is the leader. Now he is in America 8. The language of the books of the New Testaas a transient but hopes soon to be admitted on the quota ment is the missionary language. and then to find work. 9. The map of the early Christian world is the 4. Rev. F- was a non-Aryan Protestant clergyman in tracing of the journeys of the first mis- Germany. Not being allowed to preach there, on the advice of his pastoral colleagues, he went to Vienna to work for a Swedish Society and did remarkably well. sionaries.

Since Hitler's annexation of Austria, this pastor has been 10. Of the twelve apostles chosen by Jesus, every compelled to flee to Prague and then to Sweden. apostle except one became a missionary.

We might go on and cite case after case of 11. The only man among the twelve apostles who people who need help, financially and above all did not become a missionary became a spiritually. In New York City, the Jews have traitor.

established a reception service and a center for 12. The problems which arose in the early Church Jewish refugees, but nothing of the kind has yet were largely questions of missionary pro- been done by the Christians for the Christian cedure.

refugees. 13. Only a foreign missionary could write an Should not Christians of America, the: strong- everlasting gospel.

hold of liberty, equality and democracy be gener- 14. According to the apostles, missionary service is the highest expression of Christian life.

• Mr. Frank Ritchie. Secretary, American Commlttl'le fOr German WILLIAM ADAMS BROWN. Refugees. 287 Fourtli Ave.. New York City,

at the Center of City

By AUBREY S. MOORE, Chicago Superintendent of Chicago Home Missionary Society, Methodist Episcopal Church A YOUNG man, a college and theological ent languages. The first church has a fine build- school graduate just beginning his minis- jng with more than fifty rooms, including a large try in the city, came to discuss his work. gymnasium, a swimming pool, a cafeteria, an as- As he sat in my office, looking out across the roofs sembly hall that will accommodate more than one of the buildings, and yet seeing not the buildings thousand people and a beautiful chapel. This but the streets filled with boys and girls and men building is filled afternoons .and evenings. More and women, he said with something of compas- than one hundred and forty classes, club meetings sion in his voice as well as in his gaze, "The Peo- and group meetings, exclusive of devotional meetpIe! The People!" jngs, are held each week. The total registered at- tendance for March, this year, was 10,623. The I instinctively turned to a picture which hangs program includes classes in sewing, cooking, on my office wall-the picture of another young printing, dramatics, bookkeeping, stenography, man looking across a valley at another city more vocational guidance, knitting, playing the harthan two thousand years ago. As this other monica, first aid, etc. These boys and girls are Young Man looks at the city He weeps and says: kept off the streets, which of itself is worth while, "If thou hadst known, even thou, at least in this and at the same time they are learning something thy day, the things which belong unto thy peace!" of value under leaders who know the importance I breathed a prayer that this other young man, of character development in the lives of young with his splendid preparation for service might people. be held steady, that his vision might be kept clear, his heart be kept pure, and that his enthusiasm In some Institutional and Community Churches, might be inseparably joined to the purpose of that one finds a program that is broad enough in scope other Young Man who will ever weep over the and sufficiently varied in character to appeal to city until it shall become like unto "the Holy Jeru- all age groups. Last summer one pastor gave a salem, descending out of Heaven from God." series of open-air Gospel addresses with a stereop- ticon. He reported an attendance of over 8,000 "Home Mission Work in a City" seeks to place per week. Early in March one church office re- Jesus Christ at the center of the City's life. Home ported twenty-two baseball teams already regismissionaries are not primarily interested in any tered for the coming season-one of the sure signs particular creed, but rather in making Christ of Spring. dominant in the lives of individuals and groupsthe determining factor in their conduct. The task The city is becoming disturbed over the alarmwill not be completed until politics, industry, so- jng increase in Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile cial life, and religious life shall acknowledge Him Crime. Two weeki; ago, in one issue of a daily as Lord and Master and seek to do His will. paper, there were the names of forty boys, with the average age under sixteen years, who were There are certain types of work in the city to arrested for crimes all the way from petty theft which those who are in any way responsible for to murder. It has been estimated that six thou- Mission Work today must of necessity give sand six hundred Protestant boys and girls will thought. appear before the Juvenile Court of Chicago in 1938, and that of this number more than two The Institutional Church is perhaps the most thousand will be there for the first time. In conwidely known agency of the Church in the con- ference with a Probation Officer a few days ago gested centers of the great city. One such typical I was told of the attempts being made to save church, with a seven-day and seven-evening pro- these boys and girls from the careers towards gram every week, is located in the midst of a which they seem to be moving so rapidly. By the group of many thousands of people among whom time many of these boys come before the Juvenile more than twenty different languages are spoken. Court it may be too late to do much for them. Another typical church is said to be the only Eng- The difficulty is farther back. lish-speaking church in a community of more than 250,000 people speaking more than thirty differ- [263]

The first evidence of a wrong tendency in the to perpetuate the use of any language other than boy or girl that comes to the attention of the au- the English language in churches that must ulti- thorities outside of the home is truancy. This is mately minister to English-speaking American said to begin at seven years and reach its "highest citizens.

incidence" at thirteen or fourteen. Truancy! Among the problems which we face is that of Delinquency! Crime! This is the order. The the slowly dying church in the downtown or nearone leads naturally to the other. In a careful downtown district. In one denomination in a study, covering a period of several years, it was typical city more than twenty churches have been found that more than half of the Juvenile Crim- either closed outright or merged with other inals had been truants. In an effort to get to the churches during the past twenty years. The root of the matter students are finding themselves merger plan is frequently resorted to as a faceface to face with home situations and community environment. A Protestant representative at the saving devic~t It has its appeal. However, in so Juvenile Court and at the Juvenile Detention far as the merged church is concerned the results Home, a highly trained, consecrated young are about the same. A 'group of members are transferred to the strengthened organization but woman, follows the cases assigned to her to the many scatter and find new homes, if at all, elsehomes and to the communities from which they where. The churches at the heart of the city die come in an attempt to cleanse the fountain at its first. And then slowly but surely the circle is source. Case after case could be presented that enlarged until in due season one can scarcely find would bear eloquent testimony to the effectiveness a "going" concern among the few remaining of this program of Mission Work in a great City. churches in or near the downtown section. And No longer do immigrants fill the already con- this is true in spite of the fact that the population gested centers of our cities. With the decrease in in the neighborhood of these churches may have immigration that problem is giving us less con- doubled or tripled or even quadrupled in the meancern, although in some of our largest cities more time. It can all be explained, but to explain it is than seventy percent of the people are either foreign born or the children of foreign-born parents. not to solve the problem. The "mixing bowl" is at work but its task has not been completed. The children of these foreign- Thirty years ago a certain large church in the born parents attend our public schools, they play near downtown section of a great city was packed in our streets, and breathe the atmosphere of our to the doors-gallery and all. The city authori- American cities until their very freedom creates ties were said to have stationed policemen at the an unhappy situation. In some localities our mis- doors to prevent dangerous overcrowding. This sion worker's chief task seems to be that of a church included among its members men and mediator who seeks to enable these alert children women from every walk in life-railroad executo adjust themselves to the demands of their for- tives, financiers and men prominent in the busieign-born parents and to assist the parents, with ness and professional life of the city. Today a an "old country" background, to understand their mere handful of good but discouraged people own children as they react to their new environ- carryon in a building that is rapidly deteriorat- ing; and yet there are more people per square ment. mile in that neighborhood today than ever before. The families of wealth have moved to the suburbs Lost Moorings and the local group can no longer support a resi- Many thousands in these groups, if they ever dent pastor. This church would be pronounced had a vital religious faith, have broken from their near dead. And this is but an extreme example religious moorings and are helplessly afloat, dere- of what one finds all too often in our large cities.

lict fashion, or are openly disregarding all moral What had really happened in this case? Slowly and religious claims upon their lives. Work but surely the people who had supported this in- among these people is fascinating. The young stitution died or moved from the downtown sec- people form a most inviting and responsive group, tion to the less crowded areas or to the suburbs.

while a right approach to the adults will assure a As the older group moved out another crowded in.

heartening measure of success. For many years But this new group was made up of renters and it seemed to be necessary to provide a foreign- roomers who were incapable of carrying the finan- born leader for these people. Today, however, cial burden if they had been willing to do so. So with few if any immigrants to deal with, and with with the steady decrease in support came a cor- an increasing number of young people, American responding retrenchment in the program until to- born and trained in our public schools, it is be- day there is none. Had it been possible for the coming less and less necessary to present a bi- members of this church in the heyday of its pros- lingual program. The day has come when many perity to have created an endowment, and thereby believe it to be not only unnecessary but unwise made possible an income sufficient to provide a

CHRIST AT THE CENTER OF CITY LIFE

continuously effective program, might there not The Social agencies are doing excellent: work. have been a different story to tell today? Or, sup- In our own city there are said to be twenty-two pose there had been funds available from the districts with a population of 50,000 to the square Mission Boards to supplement and stabilize the mile in which the environment is detrimental to decreasing income of this church, what would the best interests of the· growing boy and girl. have been the result? Community projects under the guidance of the de- partment of Research Sociology of the Institute We must face our responsibility for these down- for Juvenile Research have been located in three town areas. Just so long as there is a constituency of these districts and in each of the three truancy, for which we are clearly responsible in any com- delinquency and crime have steadily decreased. munity, just so long must we remain in the community adapting our program to the needs of the The Christian Church has ever pioneered in people whom we seek to serve. And in order to needy fields until an awakened Social conscience do this it becomes equally clear that funds in in- came to recognize the responsibility of the comcreasing amounts must be available from outside munityas a whole. But after the city, through its sources to supplement the decreasing incomes of various agencies, has done its best will there not these churches until, if possible, a local supporting remain for the Church the task of evangelizing constituency can once again be developed. successive generations? This, after all, we may find is its primary function. Indeed the chief In our thinking of Mission Work in a City, at- task of the Church seems to be to work itself out tention is often fixed upon the so-called blighted of a job. In the Seer's vision of the Holy City areas or areas of deterioration which are usually there was no temple. It was no longer needed. the truancy and crime centers.' Frequently too However, that day in the modern city seems to be little attention is focused upon the Boulevards. a great way off. "The Kingdoms of this world Slum minds are not all confined to so-called slum are" not yet "become the Kingdoms of our Lord, areas. The "certain rich man" of the parable and of his Christ." Until that takes place there was farther from the Kingdom of God than Laz- will continue to be a place for "Home Mission arus. We have also a mission to the Boulevard Work in a City." sections of our cities. Many Boulevard dwellers are heart-hungry for a little disinterested friend- PERCENTAGE RURAL AND liness and for a sane interpretation of the Word of God. A surprising number of them would be URBAN POPULATION willing to render a high order of sacrificial service for their Lord and Master if given an opportunity. 8Y 10 YEAR PERIODS We have no more right to neglect them than we have to neglect any other group. Jesus was per- 1c!&O – 1930 fectly willing to have "the Rich Young Ruler" use his money to aid the poor. Is it not reasonable to '''Dr. 5H 4167. suppose that the wealth of Boulevard friends would be acceptable to Him if given in the proper 1900 13LO 1.9Z0 1.9"0 spirit? The consecrated wealth of the Boulevards could be used to transform the slums. RURAL In the field of Social Service and Charity uBB"50? 514 56.2. changes are rapidly taking place. Community Chests and Community Funds are used to support l~OO J6.90 1900 1910 1920 H30 the more elaborate rather than the less highly organized forms of ministry. These funds are URBAN usually not available for religious work or for programs too closely connected with the religious activities of the church. The tendency appears to be to divorce social and charity work from the religious program and to place it under the direction of trained social workers who are responsible to their own organization. If social agencies and civic organizations are to assume responsibility for the physical and economic well-being and for the social adjustment of the underprivileged, what is to be the future of Christian Mission Work in the City? Will it mean that the churches must withdraw or confine their efforts to a technically spiritual ministry?

Modern City

By REV. HERBERT E. EBERHARDT, B.D., Indianapolis, Indiana President of the International Union of Gospel Missions DISTANCE lends enchantment, even in mis- product of tlte groups to be considered later. It sion fields. When we hear of poverty, of is to these youth that the city missionary must squalid homes and dirty children, of dis- appeal, by games, playgrounds, picnics, singing, ease and sin in India, many feel a peculiar thrill! class work, vacation schools and summer camps. Describe the same conditions in India-napolis and we shudder; we draw our skirts about us and A mission visitor in Rochester, N. Y., calling are tempted to "pass by on the other side" as we on underprivileged homes, invited a girl to the cry, "Unclean!" How oft we have heard it said, mission Sunday School. The child asked, "What "Well, they don't need to live that way," or "They kind of a show is it?" In that she typifies thouought to know better," or perhaps, "If they had sands of other children. But she came, and to saved as I have"! the surprise of all, won first place in the vacation Bible school. That may be true, but the conditions are here and we must face them. Every great city fur- Ira Smith, superintendent of the Children's nishes a real missionary field, one that most di- Gospel Mission of Newark, N. J., led a child to rectly affects all of us. We have often said of the Christ in an open-air park service. That child crowd of transients in our city missions, "If we later brought the entire family into the mission don't take care of these men, they'll take care of and in time the mother, of foreign descent, was us." At the mourner's bench of one of our rescue employed by a large church as its city missionary. missions a penitent surrendered a loaded revolver, confessing that he was on his way to commit a A New England Methodist pastor, graduate of robbery when arrested by the music! Most mis- Union Seminary, came to Christ in the Wheeler sions have in their "museums" guns, billy clubs, Mission at Indianapolis when a small boy, the blackjacks, whiskey bottles, dope and what not, first of an entire family.

There probably is no field so promising and so productive as this among the boys and girls whom as evidence of the direct bearing which city mis- the church often cannot reach except through the sion work has on the lives of all of us. city missions.

These home-mission groups are varied, and Some Problem Homes much larger than one might suppose. Let us consider briefly six such groups. They represent Closely related is the American problem home, more than one half of our population, when we the result of poverty or heredity, divorce, irreconsider that the total church membership of the ligion, sin and unbelief. No prayer, no Bible United States includes only about one half. Many reading, no worship – God's Name used only in an election has been "swung" by a minority group profanity! This is becoming an increasing probholding the balance of power. Skilled politicians lem. It is known that many of the boys on the know the importance of winning the colored vote road today are the direct result of broken homes. -many times enough in itself to secure a victory Social workers hear over and over again, "Dad in election. This same principle applies in the and Mother separated." Some one has aptly said field of missionary service. Special populations, that we ought to sing, "Where is my wandering large or small, may vitally influence the welfare mother tonight?" of the entire community. The city missionary has an entree into these The Non-Churched Children homes, sometimes through death, or arrests or a child in the vacation Bible school. A social We consider first the thousands of children and service contact, such as is made possible by the youth in our cities who are not under the influence Council of Federated Church Women of Indian- of the church and do not attend Sunday School. apolis which employs its own representative in a In them lies the future of our cities; they are the city mission, often proves an open sesame to an seed-bed of our future problems, and hence should otherwise impregnable heart or home. A table or be considered first. They are also the direct by- chair, or garments, or a friendly visit may inspire [266 ] confidence and awaken interest, when all else employed, always welcome and specially well fails. "I was hungry and ye fed me." These treated, the mission says, "The church does care, people are not dressed for church; they have no we are interested in you, Christ has a place in money to give; they are not concerned; often His program for you." This attitude is of practhey do not feel wanted. The writer was once tical value in that it proves its faith by its works -meals, beds, clothes, free service of many kinds.

There is no better preventive of radicalism and atheistic Communism in America than this quiet, Christ-like influence of our Gospel missions and other Christian social service. It is unob- trusive, not heralded with banners, but no one can estimate the amount of preventive work ac- complished. A lighthouse is not only to be cred- ited for rescues made, but for the many more wrecks prevented. Every city mission is a veritable and effective lighthouse.

It is a known fact, demonstrated repeatedly, that there are far fewer arrests or calls for police aid (if any at all) in mission shelters than in gov- ernment or purely charitable shelters. The unem- ployed respect and respond to the kindly attitude of a Christian. .The "cup of cold water given in the name of a disciple" has more than one reward!

The Drink Evil in Our Cities Social workers know that repeal of the Eight- eenth Amendment has brought marked increases WHICH WAY ARE THEY HEADED? PhDtography by H. E. Gray. Waifs-not in India but in Indianapolis. THE OLD DOOR AND THE NEW pastor of a city church where considerable ob- The mission stands on the spot where stood the old saloon. jection was felt because these folks were coming into the church as the result of a schoolhouse mission service.

If the home is the foundation of our nation, then surely here is worth-while missionary service. We remember that Jesus accepted an invitation to the Pharisee's house, and that the Scribes said, "This man receiveth sinners and eateth with them." He knew the importance of such work.

Among the Unemployed This group, numbering several millions, possibly 12,000,000 today, has been too much neglected, and is potentially the most dangerous, forming a natural hotbed for radicalism. Any failure on the part of our missionary program here may prove disastrous. When the priest and the Levite "go by on the other side" and an anti- Christian Samaritan proves the true neighbor, the results are not so good.

For many years the only agencies caring for these unfortunate classes were those with a religious motive or impulse, particularly our Christian rescue missions, which Bishop Freeman once termed, "The Church in Overalls." To the un-

in the inevitable results of liquor; prohibition Has the church cared? Has she prepared worktimes at their worst were remarkably better than ers for this special field? Has she offered youth under license; the evils of the old saloon are back a vocation here? The Church Federation of Cinwith multiplied dangers, supported by radio, auto- cinnati maintains a prison chaplain, a unique mobile, the modern press, lowered moral stand- work. The Indianapolis Federation supports a ards, and the changed status of women. full-time Christian social worker for court service.

The tavern, the dance hall, the "new deal" Above all, the Gospel provides the needed and gambling mania, the false concept of morals, all only remedy. But preparatory to that, kindly tend to produce a tremendous challenge to the guidance, appreciated letters, sympathetic parole, wisest and most intense missionary program- changed environment, medical and psychiatric missionary, because the power of Christ, and not treatment, fellowship groups, all have a curative reform or legislation, is the ultimate solution. as well as :q!,eventive value. A survey might re- veal two thuigs: that most missions are engaged Beginning 65 years ago with the establishment in some form of prison service, and that most by Jerry McAuley, himself a twice-born man, of prison services, in and out of prison, are conthe now famous McAuley Water Street Mission in ducted by gospel missions. New York City, much of the work of rescue missions has been made necessary by liquor and its Transients in Our Cities naturally attendant evils. When a man has been A great army, thousands of them, men, boys, of "beaten and robbed" where else can he go? When all ages – not tramps – are wandering over this no one else cares, when he has no funds, where country. Many are seasonal laborers traveling to can he go but to a Gospel mission? If he does not go there, what is his future? A MISSIONARY LEADING A SERVICE IN A CITY JAIL But, thank God, when he goes, often a miracle find the next temporary job. Many are the prodtakes place and a new man is born. "If any man uct of the divorce evil-increasingly so! Most of be in Christ, he is a new creature," and indeed them are unemployed. Mission records show he is. Recently we met a man who has been an among them college graduates, business men, proactive member of a Methodist church for forty- fessional men, and all classes and types. The dethree years. He staggered into a small rescue pression has greatly increased their number. mission hall some years ago. Now, seventeen years later, he is a Sunday School superintendent. There have been three stages in their treatment. There are thousands like him-once drunkards, First, the care offered solely by missions, the Salor worse, who are now ministers, evangelists, song vation Army, the Volunteers, and other Christian directors, honored laymen, mission superintend- agencies, for many years. They have been fed, ents, missionaries. "Oh, say but I'm glad," and housed, clothed, but above all, evangelized, with many other Gospel hymns have come from the marty happy results. fervent pen of such a twice-born man! Here surely is a field for missionary specialists-and Second, the strictly social or community shelter how productive! "I was sick and ye visited me," of recent yeirs, often with no religion, but with said Jesus, our Lord. boxing, movies, games, and other diversions. This has proved expensive and nonproductive. The Prison Population Third, and more recent, the Transient Pro- J. Edgar Hoover's recent figures as to the num- gram of the United States Government, the first ber of men and women incarcerated in the United national effort to solve this problem. It only in- States are staggering. Even worse are the records creased the problem, however, and was abanof potential criminals, paroled men,· and affiliates doned. Thousands of men, particularly young now on our streets. But we are thinking here of men and boys, welcomed the opportunity of beanother larger group whom we mission folks know all too well-the families of these men and women form a much, much larger group. They comprise a larges~'tion of our population but they obviously tryt6 conceal their identity. They are out of touch with and probably beyond the reach of the church.

To neglect them is to fail Christ and to endanger ourselves. "I was in; prison and ye came unto me" still carries promise. of reward. At such a time hardened hearts are often tender; homes are lonely and open to a kindly word. Here is a rich and ready field for Christian service.

MEETING MODERN CITY PROBLEMS

coming the guests of Uncle Sam. The complete people from every state in the Union may be lack of any religious program also proved de- touched in a short period in one locality. "A moralizing. stranger and ye took me in" becomes a reality here. They literally come from "the highways Now we are in a fourth stage wherein the tran- and the hedges," often to receive more than the sient problem is again being handled, in most proverbial "pie-in-the-sky," the knight-of-the-road cases, by the Christian agencies with the coopera- slang for religion. THE UNION CITY MISSION BUILDING, MINNEAPOLIS We have enumerated briefly six of the most tion of Central Registration Bureaus to avoid needy and most promising of special populaduplication of effort. There seems to be no ulti- tions in our key cities. There are others, of mate solution of the transient problem, but there course, but seventeen years of direct contact, are certain desirable steps that may be effective- handling more than 100 men each day, toa careful case-work program, the outlawing of gether with hundreds of problem families, hitchhiking, a thorough work program, and the have indicated that these fields are probably correction of social conditions which create tran- the most neglected and yet perhaps the most siency. But most promising of all is a strong productive. The city missions that specialize evangelistic approach, with the belief that chang- with these groups have been rightfully termed ing the man himself is the surest way of changing "The Churches at Work Downtown." Their conditions. This has been proven in sixty-five interdenominational character, practical apyears of mission services, where it is believed that proach,city-wide appeal, and combination of "placing a new man in the suit is better than relief plus, offers the Christian church an placing a new suit on the man." Here is a great immediate and most vital open door for anmissionary field for the church, with most unex- swering the age-long question of the Old Tespected possibilities. Take at random, for example, tament, "Am I my brother's keeper?" and of a few cases in one Middle-West mission. Among the New, "Who is my neighbor?" the thousands of men apply.ing for aid we find a Perhaps this rapid survey will at least be sugminister's son who had "hot-footed" from a col- gestive and will stimulate a new interest in anlege where his father was formerly treasurer; a other phase of "home missions." Study groups college professor who had formerly taught one of the directors of the mission; the brother of a very JM ' THE JERRY MCAULEY ' ,MISSION, NEW YORK CITY prominent social worker; the black sheep of a f~mi1y whose name appears on a county court- maybe led to seek further knowledge of the facts house cornerstone; the son of.a member of a state and some day there may be a mission study course legislature; .the son of a form'er American consul on this specialized field. The possibilities of direct at Bremen; an escaped convict who voluntarily Gospel preaching and witnessing may be carried returned to a state's prison; a former pastor, an back to the church with a fresh emphasis. Epworth League president. The field for service is unlimited and the opportunities are amazing;

Youth Problem of the

By REV. ROBERT V. RUSSELL, New York Director of Religious Education, Baptist City Societies THE youth who lives in a modern city is never because they are overwhelmed they tend to turn entirely free from congestion. He is subject to the more sltperficial, the more obvious things,. to a kind of machine-gun rat-a-tat-tat of ap- Into the midst of all this is set the Christian" peals-to pleasure, to material gain, to various Gospel, mediated to youth of the city in various groups or enterprises in the body politic. In his ways. Set down in the midst of his community world he is always at the edge of – or possibly is a church. It may be a big city church with under-a kind of smoke-pall of futility, emanating more edifice than program or itll~y be a center from the slow-burning fires of disillusionment or of activity under Christian auspic~s 'with a seventhe ashes of cynicism. day-a-week program crying. <;>u.f for adequate He needs room, psychological room, for his self equipment. Or it may lie somewhere between to expand, his soul to grow. He needs criteria for these two. But the church represents the voice his choosing, a norm for living amid changing of the Christian Evangel, however weak or stam- codes and conflicting standards. He needs a cause mering it may be in the midst of the city clamor.

(oh, how he needs a cause!) that is not restricted Those who know the life of the city are likely to to one arc of life, but which gathers up all of life say, "If that were only true, but are there not when he gives himself to it, that integrates all great stretches in the city, where the message of the phases of living for him in one resolve, that Christ is needed most, that are practically un- answers youth's question, "What am I to live churched?" This is so-and even more than this for?" -for according to delinquency maps the areas of Moreover, today's youth lives in a not-normal highest incidence of juvenile delinquency are world. Not that it is abnormal or crazy; nor is often shown to be those areas from which the it necessary to hope for "back-to-normal," but churches have most consistently moved away.

to the young pe'rson from fifteen to twenty-four But this is not all of the answer, for church socie- years of age, things do not seem to be what he is ties and city mission societies have made it pos- told they once were. Half of the people seem to sible to maintain churches in places where the be wishing for the return of something that once community itself could not possibly support a was, and the other half seem to be looking for- minister and staff to carryon the type of pro- ward, with varying degrees of eagerness, to some- gram that is needed.

thing that is to be. Youth wonders. One phase of the youth problem is this matter Asked about his outlook upon life recently one of communities of special need. One cannot look of these young people said, to the writer: "Well, upon the city without recognizing that in most the future is not clear because things seem to be cases the distance between streets that are proudly all changed around. We hear about the days of shown to visitors and areas that are shamefully prosperity-high wages, plenty of jobs-but we below the standard in living conditions is only a do not know about that by experience. Most of matter of a few blocks. Neither can one look the friends that I had in high school are looking upon the youth of the city as all set in a one-tone for some kind of a job, or are working at any pattern. They constitute a variegated design- kind of a job for very low wages. We wonder a kind of kaleidoscope of interrelated back- what the prospects are ahead." grounds, national, racial and cultural. In New "Youth of the city," according to another speak- York City, for example (where probably this is ing as a member of a discussion panel, "is looking more pronounced), a study of the 1930 census for a good time (considering it as a birthright); figures shows that of the youth living in the five looking for a job; and looking for something to boroughs who are between the ages of fifteen and believe in." twenty-four, 73.2% are either themselves foreign A denominational adult leader of youth re- born or one or both of their parents come from marked recently that the youth of today are over- oth_er lands. In the Bronx the percentage is 82.6 whelmed by the complexities and the difficulties and in Brooklyn 78.8, while in Manhattan, alwhen they try to look objectively at their world; though the percentage is somewhat lower (63.3ro) [270 ] another element is introduced in the 12.2% of tional. One of those whom the writer has ques- Negro youth in this borough. What varieties of tioned regarding this problem replied that he felt social heritage, national customs and behaviour that youth's most acute need was for a meaningpatterns are represented by figures like these! ful fellowship in which his own individual life There is also the youth who come from "the may count for something. It was the opinon of this man, a youth leader, that youth are not able farm," which gave up 40 % of its youth (in the to feel always the sense of this larger fellowship in their own church. It may be because the youth group from ten to twenty years) to the city in group in the church is quite small or it may be the decade between 1920 and 1930. In New York because the adult members of the church do not City again the religious pattern is varied. The appear to give sufficient place to youth in the life Welfare Council reports in its publication, Better of the church and the management of its affairs. Times, of April 5, 1937, a study in which it was Every field worker in the area of youth activities found (by visiting each hundredth residential ad- is familiar with the complaint of the young people, dress in the city and questioning the youth from after they have had an experience in a city-wide sixteen to twenty-four years of age), that 49% re- fellowship or camp or summer conference, that when they return to their own local church they ported themselves as Roman Catholics, 31 % as do not seem to be able to make the church people understand their desire or to comprehend their Jewish and 1870 as Protestant. No doubt these situation. It is here that the city-wide or regional figures would be different for other cities but it is groupings of young people function from time to obvious that for any city of significant size there time, in youth councils, week-end conferences, or may need to be a considerable revision of former larger gatherings. The smaller groups of youth assumptions as to religious majorities. realize that they are part of a larger fellowship; they meet youth of other churches or of other de- Here again, the Church Society or the City Mis- nominations; they are inspired by a leadership sion Society has been the carrier of the Christian that it may not be possible for the local church to message. Many immigrant groups have colonized provide, and they meet and plan with leaders who are in constant touch with youth, know their probin areas consistent with the economic limitations lems, and "speak their language." There is a placed upon them, and it is almost impossible to growing fellowship-growing somewhat slowly it picture the conditions of physical congestion and must be said-around the United Youth Program spiritual depression under which the children projected by the Christian Youth Council of North grow into their youth. Here is set down the bi- America. This is related to the International lingual church under the ministry of a foreign- Council of Religious Education representing a speaking pastor, oft-times with a staff of one or large number of denominational groups and remore workers trained in religious education and lating itself to the major Christian youth orsocial service. A dramatic illustration of the re- ganizations. sults of this kind of work was given at a recent dinner meeting of the Baptist Social Union and Youth and the Local Church New York City Baptist Mission Society when some forty young people, both men and women, Of course the most effective and most direct representing a dozen different national groups work with youth will be done in the local church, from these by-lingual churches, sat upon the platform. Five young people gave responses to the especially in the suburbs or semi-suburban areas. theme of the evening; one of them (Czechoslovak) For while the suburban youth is not city-bred in was engaged in banking; one (Italian) was a the truest sense, neither is he rural- far, far teacher in a city high school and the others were from it! He has been infected with the cynicism, either studying or held positions in business es- disillusionment and unrealities of urban philosotablishments. All had found opportunity for phies without knowing personally so much about growth – psychological room – in a Christian the conditions of city life whch have given rise to church supported by a city-wide organization. these attitudes. This type of youth must be caught The writer knows of one instance in which a by an attractively presented, intelligently con- "gang" of what some might call "hoodlum" youth, ceived and largely youth-directed set of activities was invited by the pastor of the neighborhood which leads him to recognize the church as the church to transfer its activities from the street best place for him to spend a good share of his (where it was causing some annoyance) to the leisure time. A typical program of this type is inside of the church building. Subsequently this being followed in one of the churches in New group became one of the "clubs" of the church York City. A Sunday evening program consists and some of its members found places of service of a supper, a chapel service, and interest groups. in the program of the church itself.

Another phase of the youth problem is being attacked from another angle – that of youth fellowships, both denominational and interdenomina-

The terminology is that of the sea with "courses" There is also an imperious demand for a listed which may be "charted" under the direction changed philosophy of human relationships-ecoof a "crew" of leaders and with "cruises" begin- nomic and social. The survival of the fittest thening on certain dates, continuing for a number of ory when applied to human relations is untenable. weeks, and then terminating, to be followed within A disturbing phase of the life of the city youth is a week or two by another "cruise" with a different the seeming tendency to forget one's idealism set of interest groups. One virtue of this program when one begins to prosper materially or is reis that the interests are selected by a group of the ceiving some special recognition. Jesus met it in young people of the church and are built around the Rich Young Ruler. Here was a personable, their own suggestions. There are such topics as : "successful" young man, confronted with the "Choosing One's Life Work"; "Social Problems charge of disregard of his social obligations. At of Our City"; "Love, Courtship and Marriage"; the close of the interview the young man "went "How Can I Find God?"; "Boy and Girl Relation- away sorrowf-ul." One wonders whether he was ships"; "Science and Religion"; "The Art of not saying also in his heart, "The man must think Praying." Each interest is carried for a few I'm a fool!" weeks and the young people are invited to remain each Sunday evening as long as there is a hot-spot This insidious thing that we might perhaps call of interest to hold them. This church is a magnet a personal-prosperity-inspired unconcern is apt of centripetal force every Sunday evening for to become a part of the maturing process of the from one hundred to one hundred and forty young most promising individuals among city youth and people. youth will respond to a program in which it must be recognized not only as a characteristic they have a part with informed, dynamic leaders. of the urban psychology but also as a moral chal- lenge which, if it is not met adequately, becomes One of the most acute needs of youth is for en- a spiritual defeat. One of the most decisive op~ terprises in which they may have the opportunity portunities of the Christian church is the inspirfor the practice .of democracy-in which they may ing of the youth of the city by helping them to feel themselves factors. Unfortunately in many share the comradeship of adults who are themchurches this is what they do not find. selves successful-"men among men"-but who are also Christ-inspired persons, engaged in a mu- If it is true that youth is "looking for something tual quest for the highest realization of the "statto believe in," then the church stands on the thres- ure of the fullness of Christ"-not for themselves hold of an oportunity – the opportunity to con- alone, but also for the other-the "forgotten"- vince youth that here is a democracy in microcosm man. in which he can have a part, a cause to which he may dedicate himself, a Master who will not let What is this if it is not the missionary motive, him down. the witnessing urge, the continuing determination of those who have "been with Jesus" to share that Two or three things need to be emphasized in which we know. The youth problem in the city Christian work with city youth. There must be is a challenge to the Christian forces for the dea larger place for youth in the program of the velopment of a spiritually adequate leadership. church. It is a truism to say that the church can- "The blind cannot lead the blind," for to those not live unless it can succeed in holding its youth, who "study to show themselves approved," God yet it seems to be recognized generally that one opens many doors. of the church's outstanding problems is its youth problem. On the other hand churches that are Youth time is decision time. Through the home, most successful in work with youth are those who give to youth a voice in the councils of the church the Sunday School and the communicant's class, and present an interpretation of the objectives of the church in terms that youth can understand this important work of teaching and winning and claim for himself. must go on perennially. In one large city of New There is need also for a comprehending and sympathetic adult leader·ship for youth. It is a York State, which is an important educational question whether youth comes more in contact with the minister, trained and consecrated to his center, an interview program is being carried on work, or with an adult lay leadership which has not been trained and whose consecration may this winter in behalf of youth. Over nineteen leave considerable to be desired. In spite of what has been said for the larger recognition and par- hundred written applications were sent in by ticipation of youth in its own program the youth problem will never be solved by youth themselves. youth within thirty days after the plan was in- The most serious aspect of the youth problem is an adult problem. augurated, requesting interviews with some Christian person – pastor or teacher – to help them with personal problems. These interviews are being conducted on Saturdays and Sundays by a group of devoted individuals who know the prob- lems of youth. When we work with childhood and youth we are not "saving the lost but saving from loss." JESSE M. BADER.

CLERGYMEN LOOKING INTO INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS AT CARNEGIE-ILLINOIS STEEL CO

What Church Federations Can Do By WALTER R. MEE, Chicago, Illinois Executive Secretary of the Chicago Church Federation THE story of one great American city is, in of labor relations, strikes and struggles for power its general phases, the story of every large between labor and capital. metropolitan center in the country. Rapid growth, expanding industry, improved transpor- These are some of the city's characteristics tation have all combined to produce, in the last which confront the modern church. These are a five decades, characteristics in every American few of the practical problems upon which the city which challenge the Church and confront its church must strive to bring its Christian influministry. ence, while, at the same time, discharging its su- preme responsibility for the Christian life and There is in every large city the tendency of spiritual growth of city men and women. populations to shift .rapidly as more prosperous families move out to finer residential areas or sub- To Christian leaders faced with such changing, urban districts. Into the abandoned central wards ever-troubled and needy communities, there has of the city there come, on the other hand, great become increasingly evident the conviction that numbers of foreign-born, with large families of individual churches or even individual denominalower economic status, seeking the city's cheapest tions cannot make any great and lasting impreshousing. In complex,conglomerate patterns they sion on such city problems. Here is a need that settle close to the business district; later they too can be adequately met only by programs of cooppush outward into adjacent areas as soon as their eration uniting the resources, the ideals and the economic fortunes permit. Thus population tides energies of every church, every denomination, of a city constantly ebb and flow. The result is within the city's limits. Where the Christian community disintegration, deteriorating housing, church is most staunch and where its program is delinquency and racial conflicts, as central areas most effective today, we find a strong Federation of the city lose their more substantial members of the city's churches, maintaining a widespread and receive newcomer groups. program under a single leadership, unitedly doing the work of Christ in the city. . There are the political aspects of a great city, with the apparently inevitable tendency in every In Chicago one finds these characteristics of the urban center toward political corruption, ineffi- large city in some of their most pronounced ciency and vice in greater or less degree. stages. Here is a Federation of Protestant churches that effectively illustrates wh,fltchurch There is the vast industrial life which all cities Federations can do to save the city. The Chicago have in common, with its ever-present problems Church Federation was org.anized in 1907 and [273 ]

4~; I[I[!rt·~; (I) ;t3;11 ~ I] ~:l?1 i e,l ~ II 77 WEST WASHINGTON STREET 18 DENOMINATIONS 1049 CHURCHES Denominations which are Members of the Chica80 Church Federation BAPTIST CHURCHES North LUTHERAN REFORMED CHURCH IN AMI CHURCH Of THE BRETHREN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES AFRICAN METHODIST [PISCOPAL REfORMED EPISCOPAL DISCIPLES Of CHRIST AmlCAN MEntODI5T [PIS. ZION REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN EVANGELICAL CHURCH METHODIST PROTESTANT 'UNITED BRETHREN I EVANGElICAlSt REFORMED PRESBYT£RlAN CHURCH INU5.A UNITED PRESBYTERIAN fRIENDS The purpose offhis organization is founile IJewrious branches of the Christian churches in Chicd80 and vicinitv in d continuous co-operative endeavor to bring the Gospel to all the people and to promote the application of the law of Christ in every relation of life ,——-~ – -, I OF"F"lCE:RS I I BOARD of TRUSTEES I I OF"F"ICE fTAF"F" I I EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 1 • DEPARTMENTS I CHRISTIAN EDUCATION DEPARTMENT WOMANS DEPARTMENT "I"SocIALRELATIONS COMMITTEES Co-ordinating DIVISIONS COMMITTEES Ludership Traininll Vacation Schools -!1jviHes inthe Field Missionary Rtli~ious 'I15tructiOll W"kdaySchools Education Drama, Recreation Social Service and Interracia I – – – – DIVISIONS Welfare Children Social Action. BeHerFilms YounS People …. r -. — – — Adult meetmg. delegates from churche .Metropolitan Chicagos onlq Month/I} of '.Innttehredefnieoldm.mofa.CtlOhrnisatliaonr8Eadmu.czaa.ttiloonn. Workers – Boys Parental School Park Ridge School for Girls Criminal 'Court – fide/is Inn COMMISSIONS I • -. I I WORLD F"RIENDSHIP I I I 1 I R~~~~,T,NS I I~TEELRATRIAOCNJ~L I I PUBLICITY I I I I I I 1 I L I • CI.HNUDRUCSHTRAYND COMITY EVANGELISM MINISTRY IN THEd STANDING.COMMITTEE: I PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS Armistice Day J M• •t l n i i '

STANDING CQt:1t:1ITTEE~: Outdoor Evangelism Emploljed Workers:- county Jail FiElds Foreign Origin Groups and Lenten Noon-day Meetings Bridewell Communih" service Geneva School for Girls Unified Evangelistic- Juvenile Court Strategy Program Juvenile Detention Home -Survey Oak Forest Infirmary -Chaplains City Council MeetingsI–… Hines Memorial Hospital ….. Undenominational Churches …..BOY~Rdo~rhter Institutions -=– COMMITTEES l I CHURCH I FINANCE 1 1 I PROTEST AND APPROVAL DIRECTORY .

I ENDORSEMENTS I . I UNION MINISTERS MEETING 1 C.H.KETCHt.

HOW AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL CHURCH FEDERATION IS ORGANIZED

WHAT CHURCH FEDERATIONS CAN DO

today is directing a program involving the inter- More directly related to the task of "saving the ests and assistance of 1,049 churches of eighteen city" from its own evils and destructive tendencies denominations, representing a membership roll are other aspects of the Federation's program. of 750,000. It is a program carried on by over The annual report of 1937 records enlargement 500 religious workers serving gratuitously on and development of a new department of Social eighteen commissions and committees. The board Service with a paid staff to correlate the work of of trustees consists of 110 influential religious and Federation committees and commissions in this social leaders of the city. field and to relate more closely the churches of Chicago with the social service and medical agen- The work of this Federation shows how closely cies of the city. Under the leadership of this dethe organization is matching the stride of the partment the Federation has maintained for some church to the growth of Chicago. To undergird years a supervision service in the Boys' Court of its work with factual knowledge, and to direct Chicago. By means of this service hundreds of more intelligently its comity program which boys brought into the court are placed under the strives to eliminate competition and duplication care of the Federation's case workers instead of receiving jail sentences. A FI L IPINO COMMUNITY CHURCH GROU P , CHICAGO One of the activities sponsor ed by the Ch icago Church Federa tion. The second major concern of the Federation is the friendly, constructive, religiously-motivated among churches while seeing to it that no area service rendered by chaplains and other paid goes unchurched, the Chicago Church Federation workers in the public institutions of Chicago. has for some years maintained a United Religious This has been a significant ministry to the inmates Survey. The survey attempts to bring together of hospitals, jails, prisons, courts, the county data of a statistical, sociological, economic and farm and other institutions for the destitute, the religious nature about each sector of the city. Against this background the Comity Commission sick and the erring. has analyzed the history, the program and the fu- What of the many human problems and civic ture service of the Protestant churches in each area in order that such information may enable dangers which arise from the racial composition denominational leaders to eliminate more intelli- of large cities, from its labor crises, from its gently competition between churches while better political complexities and its immoral influences? adapting programs of stronger institutions to the Here, too, the church must have a militant, united particular needs of their communities as indicated voice. In Chicago active departments, commisby the surveys. sions and committees of the Chicago Church Fed- eration bring to a focus the concern of ministers For the first time in history a group of metro- and members of all denominations, providing politan churches is basing its effort to "save" a media for investigation and dissemination of incity not alone on spiritual fervor and theological formation to every church, and offering a recogtechnique, but on a careful study of the facts con- nized organ through which protest or approval of cerning the life about them, replacing a policy of the city's churchmen may be expressed in effeccompetitive drift with one of cooperative inten- tive manner to city officials and law enforcement tion. The Chicago Church Federation is combining, it has been said by a prominent denomina- agencies. tionalleader, "the method of the scientist and the An annual city-wide observance of Race RelaviaiQn of the prophet." tions Sunday, including an interchange of pulpits between scores of white and colored ministers, and numerous meetings throughout the year, in- crease the understanding and brotherhood that must ultimately prevail between all men, regard- less of color or nationality.

A special commission of the Federation closely studies industrial problems and the role the church should take in industrial conflicts. In many instances the standards and practices of Christianity have influenced the trend of the city's industrial life and affairs, outside of the tradi- tional vista of the community church. Frequently the City Federation of a large urban center, in behalf of hundreds of city churches, can speak challengingly and vigorously for arbitration, for the privileges of labor or the rights of capital, for the improvement of working conditions and the passage of satisfactQry laws.

Through letters, conferences, interviews with thousands of human souls living in its congested city and state officials and by means of the city's neighborhoods. In the end it will be the building newspapers, the Federation may lead strenuous of more religious cities which will ultimately prove fights upon undesirable elements of city life. Last to be the most valuable contribution of Church year the Federation led in the movement to repeal Federations. an ordinance licensing gambling establishments, to close offensive theatrical productions, to stim- Surely, in the fields of evangelism, of Christian ulate more aggressive citizenship, and to protect education, and of spiritual life, the value of coopthe honesty of public elections and the security of eration between evangelical denominations by the ballot box. means of central leadership becomes clear; for the city presents a tangled, sharp animosity to the Because the school system of Chicago-with its practice and teachings of Christ. apparent political influences, the tendencies of its curriculum, and some of the standards of its op- When individual churches unite, when denomeration – recently became a civic issue, it was inational lead'ership cooperates in city-wide relicharacteristic of Protestant leadership in this city gious mass meetings, in interdenominational days that the united denominations s,hould turn atten- of prayer, in downtown Lenten worship services, tion to this phase of urban life. A committee on in far-reaching Preaching Missions and Schools Public Education was organized to provide a of Christian Living, in radio broadcasts and clearing house for churches which take public edu- young people's conferences, as is true in Chicago, cation seriously, and to point out channels through then our Christianity assumes a dramatic appeal, which both churches and individuals may render a magnitude and a forcefulness which enable it to useful s'ervice. arouse the indifferent city.

In addition to these activities, which some may In these two phases of city life-its practical, consider as' "extra-curricular" tasks of the church everyday problems and its great s,piritual needin its work in the great city, there remain the City Federations of churches continue to provide fundamental religious needs of thousands and effective leadership and dramatic techniques to save American cities of this generation.

"God. & Company, Unlimited"

By MILTON W. PULLEN, New York City Pastor of the Central Park Baptist Church, New York CAN you imagine a business house that would ten lepers who asked for cleansing "Only those of bar the door to its neighbors, or a com- you who have been baptized are eligible for heal- mercial firm that would insist that all of its ing." The only credentials the dying thief on the customers become members of the company? The cross presented were in the form of a prayer and Church, which is the biggest business in the on the strength of it Jesus promised him "Paraworld, is doing exactly that. The Founder of the dise." Church proclaimed "My House shall be called the House of Prayer for all people." Too often this In any great city a local church in a community has been changed to read: "Accept our creed and of homes may consider itself the center of a posyou will be welcome in our church." sible "100,000 customers." So long as human hearts are incurably religious and so long as men "God & Company, UnIt'd." needs to be written and women and children sin and suffer and seek in large letters over the doorway to every church -just so long the Church has a responsibility to building. After 1,900 years the vision of the every person within reach of its doors. Founder of the Company has been lost. Hospitals do not require patients to "belong" Jesus did not require a certificate of church before they may be admitted to the Operating membership from the 5,000 before they could Room. The simple fact that a man is sick opens share in partaking of the loaves and fishes. The every door and puts at his disposal the skill of the Sermon on the Mount was preached to the dis- surgeons and the facilities of the institution, often ciples, but we hear no protest from the Great without money and without price. A hospital con- Preacher when the multitude listened in. It siders itself, and is considered by the community, would be difficult to imagine Jesus saying to the a health Mecca for folk of all races, creeds and

"GOD & COMPANY, UNLIMITED"

cultures. On the other hand, a church in the neighbors, many of whom are neither Protestant same block is usually considered the personal nor Christian. The attitude of the neighborhood property of the Methodists, or the Baptists, or the originally was one of apathy and of suspicion. Catholics or of some other proprietory group. It Our problem at first was to build good will; to does not take the 100,000 possible customers long that end we set about getting acquainted with the to learn that their need is not necessarily a guar- folk round about us. We visited every store withantee of help. The Church seeks to make new in a radius of several blocks, but we did not ask members who will become regular "sitters" at the business people for anything except their worship services and regular contributors to the friendship. We offered to give them the names budget; consequently, the average Pastor gen- and addresses of our Church Members and sugerally must busy himself with the routine matters gested that they circularize these church neighinvolved in keeping the church solvent and suc- bors of theirs by mail as often as they liked. We cessful. This too often means just one thing- joined the local Chamber of Commerce and atperpetuating an institution largely for the sake of tended meetings regularly. Officials of the the institution. Chamber were used occasionally as special Speak- ers at Church Suppers, club affairs, etc. We ac- Many a conscientious minister rebels and longs cepted an invitation to sit on the dais between the to be the Pastor of the whole community. He Mayor and a United States Senator at a testiloves the people outside his church about whom monial dinner to a local politician and we are inno one else seems to care. The tragedy is that in clined to think that it was our presence that made too many cases the Church no longer exists for the dais the only table in the hotel dining-room the community-rather, the community must that was not drenched with liquor. "support the Church." The problem is too largely "Come, Get Acquainted" one of money since churches have bills to pay, repairs to make and salaries to meet. Many a An approach to the rank and file of the neighpastor is placed in the embarrassing position of borhood was made through the distribution of feeling obliged to spend much of his time and attractive cards with a "Come Get Acquainted" energy in raising money. A rich old vestryman invitation. We sent out members of the Church with a grouch thus often has first claim on the who went from door to door with a smile and a pastor, rather than a gang of street boys shooting friendly invitation that was seldom rebuffed. "craps" on the church steps. When there was a death near the church, we An increasing number of ministers are rising went to express sympathy, and upon the invitato protest against the old order – young fellows tion of the family we remained to conduct a brief just out of Seminary, middle-aged rebels of ex- funeral service. When a fee was offered, we gave perience, and old veterans with vision-are say- it back saying, "We want no money for help and ing to the churches of America, "The Church was sympathy in times of death." The news spread made for Man, not Man for the Church." They that here was a church that did not have its hand are insisting that the raising of money is inci- out for money and that only wished to be friendly. dental, while a ministry to the sick and the suffering and the seeking is the real work of the Church. Our next approach was to the children. This is They are insisting "Open wide the door and say a prolific neighborhood and the coming generation with Jesus 'Whosoever will, let him come' even is everywhere under foot. We built a gymnasium though he comes only for what he can get and may with shower and locker-rooms and said to the never join or give the Church a nickel." "But," children, "Come in and play." When they dissome official of the church may say, "this is sui- covered that a Jew and a Catholic and an Unbecide. What about the money we need for local ex- liever were as welcome as any of our own Sunday penses and for our Missionary Budget?" As a School children, they literally laid siege to the matter of fact, if the Church has done its work church pleading for a club and a Leader. We well it will have fewer financial worries. A Chris- advised them to ask permission at home and at tian who is thoroughly Christian is a generous church to join a club in our building and we urged Christian, but an unregenerate Church Member them to make it clear that, although every club who can "take his religion or leave it" must be would be led by a Christian Leader and would feaeternally urged to give to the Church and its work. ture a brief period of worship at each session, no Or a church may have a top-heavy budget. boy or girl now attending another church would be asked to join this church. Next we purchased The church I serve is attempting to render a a moving picture machine and once more circularcommunity service to its 100,000 possible cus- ized the neighborhood with news of the "Chiltomers. Located on the congested East Side of dren's Hour," with the two-cent Movies each Manhattan Island in an area of deterioration, this Thursday from 6: 30 to 8: 00 p. m. From 250 to church is the center of· much of the life of its 300 children come to this activity each week.

They sing lustily patriotic and religious songs, A Library is maintained where decent books listen to the Bible or hero story, bow reverently are loaned. Sunday School, Sunday morning and during the prayer and laugh uproariously during evening Worship Services, Church Prayer Serv- the four reels of motion pictures. At intermis- ices, Apartment Prayer Services, and all kinds of sions invitations are given to the children to at- religious meetings are regular weekly activities, tend Sunday School and to join various clubs. and everyone who comes into the building is in- When they leave, the children are given a letter, vited to attend.

signed by the Pastor, inviting the parents to vari- Why did this church, twenty years ago, attempt ous church meetings and activities if they do not this sort of an approach to its neighbors? Partly attend another church. We send home also "Hello, because its Leaders believed the church possessed Neighbor" cards inviting the parents to come to a treasure too valuable to be selfishly hoarded the neighborhood meetings in the Church Audi- within its walls for the benefit of its Members torium each Sunday night, with moving pictures only; partly~-because of a small Spanish boy and as the attraction and a twenty-minute worship his gang who were trouble makers. They almost service and sermonette as a feature. always found the church door locked and so they Young people were invited to join dramatic pounded on it, threw rocks at it and even cut their initials in it. They found a can of paint and covclubs. The girls were organized into cooking ered the front door with specimens of futuristic classes, sewing classes, singing classes; children art. Decidedly out of patience, the church-worker were put into children's choirs, a week-day school in charge hid just inside the church and, when the of religious education and, during the summer, a gang returned again to the fray, the worker gave Daily Vacation Bible School. Down through the chase. After running a block he caught the years many have shown themselves ready to join leader, a Spanish lad of about ten, and brought instruction classes in preparation for Church him back to the church in righteous wrath and Membership. virtuous triumph. "Now," he chortled, "now we will deal with this gang of rowdies." He was just Women have been organized into Mother's calling Police Headquarters when he thought to Clubs, Bible study groups, and a White Cross ask the boy his name and why he and his gang Sewing Circle. The men are invited to join a hated the Church. The boy replied tearfully,"My Men's Club and have fitted up the Tower Room name is Emanuel Jesus. We do not hate the of the church with fresh paint, new furniture, a Church. We come to play on the church steps bepool table, checkers and chess and a radio. The cause there are no playgrounds and we find exciteroom can scarcely accommodate the growing ment pounding on the locked church door." The group of neighborhood men. worker was stricken to the heart. Suddenly he saw a great light-it was not the gang of boys Young people, with no possible privacy in their who was guilty, rather the church that kept its "railroad fiats," have enthusiastically painted and door locked against the neighborhood. He realfurnished a "parlor," just inside the front door ized that he had kept "Emanuel Jesus" loc~ed outwhere they enjoy clean social contacts, and where side the Church of the original Jesus who once upon occasion they may even do their courting. said, "Suffer little children to come unto me, and Dozens of them have gravitated to the three Sun- forbid them not, for of such is the Kingdom of day-night Societies. Here, under competent Chris- Heaven." tian leaders, they spend an hour in worship and in the discussion of topics vitally interesting to them. Some of these topics follow: "Is War a Necessary Evil?"

"Can Crime and Poverty be Cured?"

"What Has the Church to Offer to Youth?" The ninety-six metropolitan districts of 1930 "Is a Lie Ever Justifiable?" contained almost 801'0 of the total urban popula- "Who Is My Neighbor?" tion. "What Is the Value of a College Education?"

"Is Jesus the Answer to World Confusion?" In view of the nearly 301'0 increase of urban "What of Love, E'ngagement, Marriage and Divorce?" population during the last census decade (from The charm of these meetings is their frank and 54,305,000 in 1920 to 68,955,000 in 1930 or a gain unrepressed discussion. in urban population of 26.91'0) and in view of We also set ourselves to find jobs for the job- the American assumption that all cities grow, one less, so far as possible to feed the hungry, to give is quite unprepared to learn that many cities fared friendly help to the juvenile delinquent and to se- badly during the decade. Nearly one-half of cities cure scholarships for young people interested in with 10,000 population or over-354 out of 746- a college education. Everyone with a problem or failed to keep up with the population increase of a heartache is encouraged to talk it over with the the nation as a whole, while 512 cities from 25,000 workers. For years the Pastor's Office has been population to 100,000, actually lost population in- thronged by lines of troubled folk. cluding four cities in the 100,000 group.

Christ in Crowded

By DR. ROBERT A. McKIBBEN, . Los Angeles, California Superintendent of "All Nations Foundation"

I F JESUS were to walk the streets in the neigh- laundry workers were started, a girls' club, a borhood of "All Nations" in Los Angeles, he boysl club, and a small library to make possible a would find forty thousand people crowded into closer acquaintance with those less fortunate. one square mile, descendants of almost every race As new needs were revealed, new opportunities on the face of the globe; these include thousands were recognized. With Christian faith and intelof unattached transient men, ten to fifteen oc- ligence, a ministry was begun to that community cupying a room built for two; young women which outgrew the buildings and facilities of the forced to ply their trade as prostitutes or prefer- church. The old property was sold and two apartring that manner of livelihood to other personal- ment buildings and a play area were purchased. ity-destroying trades; mothers seeking to protect A "Church of All Nations" was started, and by their daughters amid conditions of vice and crime; those who disapproved it was called "The Church residents who have sought this area hoping to of All Notions." hide themselves in such surroundings; aged persons barely eking out an existence; children try- The need for additional workers and for new ing to play Indian or tag and barely escaping buildings became apparent. The site selected was death as they dodge in and out among trucks and justified when later studies revealed that more autos; youth wondering how they are to get a boys and girls per thousand population were gostart so as to marry. ing to the juvenile court from this area than from any other in the entire city. After Dr. and Mrs. In this part of the city, Christ would discover Oxnam had completed ten years of Christian minno house built in the last forty years, no home istry in this area, and had successfully led in a with less than two persons. per room (including campaign to build, equip and staff a Christian kitchen or dining room), no lawns or parks, no service station in the heart of the city, he was playgrounds other than one connected with a called to the Episcopacy of his church. small school. He would find one liquor establishment on the average to every two hundred and Today the All Nations Foundation includes the seventy of the population; here the theaters Church of All Nations, the All Nations Boys' Club, schedule "strip-tease dancers" for the benefit of the All Nations Community House, the All Naunattached men; here are quack doctors and heal- tions Clinic, Hollenbeck Center and Sunset Center, ers, night missions that deal out bread and soup and the All Nations Camp. All of these are owned as, bait not only for those whose souls need sal- and operated by the Methodist Episcopal Church, vaging but for those whose money support such some units being supported by the Community proje~ts. Jesus wept over the City of Jerusalem Chest, Rotary, Kiwanis, and Lions Clubs, and and He would have just cause to weep over this women's organizations. Service is rendered with- "City of the Angels." The church in the city out regard to class, creed, or color. today must fight and fight hard alongside other organizations if the many degrading influences af- The second ten years has now been added to the fecting the life of individuals are to be overcome, record of service. Houses are twenty years older; if conditions are to be altered, and if the city the population is transient; the problems of unbeautiful is to be created where there may be life adapted men, prostitution and liquor have inabundant. creased with population; play area has lessened by incoming warehous-es and industry. These Twenty years ago a young minister, the Rev- hardly indicate progress but in this neighborhood, erend G. Bromley Oxnam, later a Bishop of the where juvenile delinquency was at its worst, the Methodist Episcopal Church, came fresh from the Judge of the Juvenile Court has said, "All Naseminary and, with his wife was assigned to the tions is spoiling my business." area described. His church was rapidly being deserted by "We Americans" as they moved into After the completion of the new buildings and better communities. Noonday luncheons for the equipping and staffing for the larger program, the public school authorities noticed a decided change for the better on the part of the youth who [279 ]

were participants in the activities at All Nations. for folk from our neighborhood to adjust to new There was a change for the better in attitudes and communities and to life in a new church. Their habits of the children and in personality traits. habits and attitudes are not readily accepted by A study under the Department of Sociology at the the new group; they are not given social status University of Southern California revealed that and there is often a lack of warmth in the wel- in five years time juvenile delinquency was re- come accorded them. Thus much that has been duced 65% within a mile radius of "All Nations." gained may be lost, but there have been gains for A View of All Nations the Master individually and socially. It is recog- nized that one can point out individuals about The work at All Nations was registering effec- whom a thrilling story can be told-ignoring the tively in the area of life with which Jesus was hundreds with whom we have failed. There have most concerned and upon which he placed the been failures, particularly among the adults. All greatest value, the personal life and character of Nations has,been more concerned with youth. In an individual. The All Nations Foundation is one of our offices there is being accumulated "be- community rather than institutionally centered. fore and after" pictures. Boys and girls are seen Its program aims at the individual and his needs as they have come into activities – with their rather than the mass ap.proach. A glance at All clothes in tatters, dirty, physically retarded in Nations as an organization may most clearly de- school and dwarfed in outlook on life; somehow scribe how its work is carried on. they have caught something best described by the Each of the seven units of service has its, own word "spirit" that has changed their personality executive board which is responsible to the board and purpose as they have grown with us. The of trustees for devising programs and activities, "before and after" pictures show something of recommending its personnel and its budget. The what has taken place. The Gospel of Jesus and Church of All Nations is a completely organized the Spirit of Christ have registered outwardly as church which seeks to link individuals and fam- well as inwardly in the life of the individuals.

ilies to the church of their own choice. If that is Some time ago an anonymous donor made not possible and there is no choice, then every ef- available $40,000 to make a -scientific and thor- fort is made to link them with this Church of All oughgoing study of the youth of our community.

Nations'. Because of the transient population the The first 200 youth studied revealed that they had church membership will always be small and no 1,154 problems – mental, physical, social, spir- stable membership can be built up. itual. We at All Nations, the school authorities, The Boys' Club and Girls' Club each has a three- the family, and other organizations who might be story separate building to house their activities. serving the family, recognized less than 20% of Hollenbeck and Sunset Centers are located two those problems. In other words, the youth of our miles from the main buildings, while the moun- community were facing an 80'10 handicap.

tain camp is ninety miles away. About two hun- For instance, there was a young Japanese lad dred volunteers serve in varying capacities in the who never participated in the normal group or several units and there are twenty full-time paid club life other than merely attending. He was staff members and twenty part-time staff. Dur- never elected to office and could not even read a ing the past ten years there has been an increase verse out of the Bible. Now that nationality is in the budget-from $35,000 to $65,000 a year. in no wise retarded mentally. As we studied this During the past five years a $20,000 camp has youth we tried from every angle to discover what been constructed. These facts are further evi- was wrong. Finally a very simple test was given dence that this type of approach to anti-Christian which revealed a slight speech defect. Six months and anti-social life is not only recognized by in a university speech clinic eliminated that de- church members but by non-church members an~ fect in a lad who had been retarded four years in folk of other faith, who do not hesitate to con- school. Another lad who was rapidly developing tribute to its support. There has been no financial an inferiority complex eagerly entered into life drive nor is anyone in the field for finances. The within his own age range, was elected an officer program and its results in terms of Christian per- in his club, and was one of the first to request a sonality is its own credential. high school young people's organization. The Christ would not find in this area a large num- simple defect might have wrecked the personality ber of persons connected with the church within of this youth, but his growth was advanced by a this organization. As soon as a family begins to slight Christian service.

show promise of reconstruction, we urge them to Another youth, a half-breed from Texas, was move out of the coinmunity. It is not a good place kicked out of his home at the age of nine, and to raise their children, thus we cannot build up arrived in San Diego via a box car, determined to a large church membership. We find it difficult become a newsboy. Finding that the only way to

SERVING CHRIST IN CROWDED STREETS

occupy the most remunerative corner was by fight- bully leader finally turned in a gangster's revolver ing his way to the top, after twenty-three battles which he had stolen from an automobile. These in twenty-eight days he occupied that corner. two groups of youth pledged us that they would Then he moved to Los Angeles to "conquer a call off the gang warfare. Finally, as the five larger world." He was so successful as a fighter older fellows were about to leave, the boys' leader that the prize-fight ring offered him a contract. suggested that when they arrived at the high On his way to the eastern part of the city to sign school tomorrow somone would probably slip up a contract, he dropped in to our Boys' Club and behind them and call them "yellow." They disbecame interested in talking with the Director. cussed such a situation rather thoroughly. To He stayed on as a member, finally became a volun- this same bully, who professed to be a Christian, teer leader and later a part-time staff member. we suggested that here was a place where the He decided to enter the field of Christian service Master would help him. That was four years ago to youth and began an uphill fight to educate him- and not one act of hatred has been observed in self. Graduating from high school at twenty-five, these four years between these two groups, as he then went to the university, and for two years they have met one another on the street and in was young people's director in one of the city school. This former "bully gangster" last year churches. Upon graduation he became assistant served as president of his high school student head of one of the large boys' agencies and today body, winning a univerity scholarship, and today is a prominent and successful Christian leader. is studying for the Christian ministry.

There was a time when we were bothered The old Seventh Street Gang, with some fifteen with petty stealing and finally discovered that "Frenchy," one of our boys, was being used by a members, was one of the worst gangs in police clever pickpocket and thieving gang. When anything was stolen all we needed was to tell him history. They robbed, stole and were accredited things must be brought back and then more was returned than we had missed. Three years' mem- with burning down one of the school buildings in bership in the activities of this human service station brought about a transformation in the life of the neighborhood. A young lad was forced to this young man. One day he approached me, saying, "You know, I'm different." There was a new move into the neighborhood because of the famspirit in that youngster. When his club was offered a very elaborate Thanksgiving dinner he ily's financial difficulties. Like most boys he was the one who led in the movement to see that wanted company and went out into the street to what was to be provided for him and his pals, find it. Without knowing it, he became a member should be given to those who needed food much of this old Seventh Street Gang. He had never more. As chairman of the committee after he robbed or stolen before. He was a natural, norcame back from his first jaunt out into human mal boy wanting excitement and he got it. So helpfulness his remark was, "That's the first kind able was he that he became the leader of this old deed I've ever done." Seventh Street Gang. One day he dropped in at the All Nations playground and laughed and Some time ago we became aware of a feud or sneered at what was going on. He came again gang warfare among some of the youth. It grew another day and still another. Finally he joined to rather serious proportions before we discovered in the activities and soon brought one of the memwhat it was all about. A bully, an older boy, had bers of the gang with him. He too laughed and been mistreating three younger boys until they sneered and refused to participate but it was not finally determined they would stand it no longer. long until the appeal of fun got the best of him One evening they ganged up on him in the alley and he followed the leader. All fifteen of that gang joined All Nations and were later baptized. and when he came out of the hospital he decided That leader of the Seventh Street Gang became to retaliate and formed a gang with the help of a member of the board of trustees governing All four other fellows. The three youngsters, discov- Nations. ering this, organized a gang Qf ten. We called the boys in singly and collectively, even summon- These are evidences of a change in attitude, a ing the parents in most cases. When we were change in habit, and a change in personality which through, on the desk of the boys' leader there were we believe that Jesus Christ would recognize as deposited pieces of pipe a foot long, nicely taped a part of the Kingdom of God movement which he on one end in order that it might not slip while sought to create in this old world. being used, brass knuckles, pieces of steel that would fit into the palm of a hand and knives. The The Church is most effective as it translates the Gospel of Jesus Christ into practical forms of hu- man helpfulness. Such evidences of Christian love and understanding eventually find a response in the hearts of those who reside "on the other side of Main Street."

the Gospel in a City

By H. A. IRONSIDE, Litt.D.

Pastor of the Moody Memorial Church, Chicago THE new dispensation was ushered in on the wide to welcome people to hear the Gospel and to day of Pentecost in a city, and that the enjoy Christiftn fellowship. The main auditorium guiltiest city in the entire world. John Bun- has seats for 4,040 people and there are some yan has well used the term "a Jerusalem sinner" seventeen other halls and rooms used every Sun- for the very worst kind of an offender. In Jeru- day (many of them much more frequently) for salem, Ghrist had demonstrated His deity by Sunday School work, young people's meetings and many marvelous works. There He had proclaimed other 'gatherings of various kinds. It has never His wondrous message of grace. Even the chil- been found necessary to use unscriptural methods dren had welcomed Him enthusiastically and in order to draw people. From 3,000 to 4,500 many joined with them as they cried, "Hosanna people are found in this church twice every Sun- to the King that cometh in the name of the Lord." day, listening to plain, simple, Bible preaching.

Yet it was in the same city a few days later that In the morning service we endeavor to expound He was rejected, and outside the gate of that city the Word for the building up of the people of God, he was nailed to a cross. But when he appeared going through book after book of the Bible and to His disciples as the Risen One, he commanded finding constant interest in this method of presentthem to go into the entire world, beginning at ing the truth. The Sunday night meetings are Jerusalem, and to preach to all men the Good evangelistic gatherings where the Gospel is pro- News of remission of sins through faith in Him. claimed with no uncertain sound. The three R's And so the first great revival took place in that are continually insisted on: man's Ruin by sin, very city where fifty days before He had been so the necessity of Regeneration by the Holy Spirit, cruelly and wickedly crucified. and Redemption by the precious. blood of Christ; T.oday the grace of God is as truly sufficient for almost invariably there is definite response in the the city as for the rural community. In spite of way of anxious souls coming to the inquiry room, the varied attractions which the average metrop- seeking for light and help. It is my firm convic- olis provides – its theaters, its cinemas, its tav- tion that wherever these methods are followed, ems, dance halls and kindred places where every under the guidance of the Holy Spirit, people will possible appeal is made to the lust of the flesh, the find their way to the church that refuses to know lust of the eye and the pride of life-the Gospel anything among men "save Jesus Christ and Him is still the power of God unto salvation to every- crucified." one that believeth, in the city as elsewhere. Eight Not for a moment do I mean to imply that we years in the largest evangelistic center of the City should ignore men's social and economic needs. A of Chicago have demonstrated this beyond a department for ministering to those in financial doubt. There is abundant proof that men will tr.ouble is maintained in this church, and through still come to hear the Gospel and will respond to it many poor, distressed .ones have been helped that Gospel if it be preached in dependence on and numbers have been won to Christ.

God, in simplicity and in the power of the Holy Personal evangelism is emphasized and it is Spirit. Dwight L. Moody began his work in this doubtful if there are many wh.o make public pro- great city more than seventy-five years ago. His fession in this church who have not been spoken little church was largely made up of poor, neg- to personally by some friend, inviting them to the lected people wh.o had been won for Christ by meetings and trying to lead them to Christ.

Moody's faithful testimony and kindly interest; The Sunday School work has a pr.ominent place, today there stands in close proximity t.o the city's for we believe that the instruction of boys and great business district, a massive temple erected girls in the Word of God, even before they have in memory of the evangelist and to the glory of definitely decided for Christ, is like setting every- the Christ he preached. The Moody Memorial thing in order for a fire in the stove or furnace.

Church is a building which, as we often announce, Then the match of evangelism often starts the has over three hundred doors and all swinging flame which burns brightly unto eternal life.

[282 ] DR. IRONSIDE AND AN AUDIENCE IN THE MOODY MEMIORIAL CHURCH, CHICAGO Moody himself began as a Sunday School worker their courtesy the Moody Church uses this station and the Moody Sunday School today is an out- to broadcast the Sunday morning services which standing testimony to the value of his methods in thus carry the message into places we could otherdealing with young and old. wise never contact. The Christian Business Men's Committee uses another station, and so reaches In many cities, since the advent of the automo- many more. bile, open-air meetings have become alinost taboo. It is difficult to gather people together to hear the In the neighboring town of Cicero there is a message on the streets when parking space is at a splendid work of evangelism carried on from the premium and it is well nigh impossible to find a Cicero Bible Church. In fact, time would fail me place where a crowd can be gathered. But for to tell all that God is doing through many of the years every summer, open-air testimony has been independent tabernacles, as well as recognized given in various places where it is possible to over- evangelical churches and Gospel halls, the Salvacome these obstacles. Many a wanderer has been tion Army and other groups, who are constantly reached in this way. at it, not only reaching the submerged classes, but the higher-ups as well, with the glad, glorious mes- In this great city there have been other remark- sage of God's free salvation for sinful men. able movements throughout the years, and God has owned them in a marvelous way. Downtown One thing is very striking. When some in the heart of the loop, theater meetings have churches close their doors for the summer, or give been carried on by a Christian Business Men's up any attempt to hold a Sunday night meeting, Committee at the noon hour for nearly eight the churches that stand for a full, clear Gospel years, with the exception of the hot summer find that the crowds will come,and that there is months when outdoor meetings take their place. no occasion whatever to relax their activities in These meetings have resulted in the conversion of the sumWIer months. In many"instances they remany, numbers of whom return from time to time double them. to bear testimony to the reality of the change in their lives. As a result of an experience of nearly fifty years preaching Christ I have no note of pessimism to Radio ministry has proven to be a great help sound. I do not find, as some insist, that there is in giving the Gospel to the city. The Moody Bible a decrease of interest in spiritual realities. On Institute maintains its own station WMBI, carry- the contrary, I can say honestly that there has ing on a continuous evangelistic testimony, which never been a time, excepting during the special reaches tens of thousands of homes. Through great awakenings which have occurred at dif-

ferent intervals in our history as a nation, when drunkard out of the slums, get him to sign the people were so ready to listen to the Gospel, if pre7 pledge and if possible to keep it, clean him up and sented in a kindly and gracious manner by men give him a good suit of clothes, remove him and and women filled with the Holy Spirit, who have his family to a nice, little home in the suburbs, no axes of their own to grind, but who are seeking give him gainful employment, and then let him to make Christ known to those who need Him. die and go to hell unsaved-really, it is not worth while, and I for one would not attempt it." These As to the social gospel-this term which is so are serious words that we may well take to heart. widely used today is, to say the least, extra-scrip- Our great business should be preparing men for tural, and often means "putting the cart before eternity, and when they close with Christ, their the horse." Our Lord Jesus did not say to his dis- outward circumstances will soon undergo a marciples, "Go ye into all the world and seek to clean velous change. Our Lord's words are still apup the slums, to introduce better sanitary condi- plicable, "Seeks.-ye first the Kingdom of God and tions, to improve the environment of the poor and his righteousness and all these things shall be relieve the wants of the needy, to build hospitals added unto you." and endow schools and universities." He did say, "Go'ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to Let me add a word as to Christian education. every creature." But wherever that Gpspel goes, The term "Religious Education" is one that I it proves to be not only the power of God unto abominate. It savors too much of a carnal con- Salvation to everyone that believeth, but it brings ception of religiousness, as fitting a man for untold temporal blessing in its train. The best heaven, in place of emphasizing the importance social work is that which is definitely linked with of a new birth. But Christian education, if really evangelistic testimony. It is true that it would be that, is of great importance. To start with the folly to preach the Gospel to a starving man when youngest children and seek to bring them up in it is possible first to provide him with a good meal, the nurture and admonition of the Lord, ever inbut, unfortunately, the great danger is that phi- sisting on the importance of their own definite lanthropists will be satisfied with giving him the acceptance of Christ, but making them acquainted meal and forget that the need of his soul is far from their earliest days with the great outstandgreater than that of his body. I remember hear- ing truths of the Word of God, will go far toward ing old General William Booth of the Salvation building a substantial Christian constituency in Army talking to a large group of officers when their later years. The danger comes, however, lecturing on "the submerged tenth" in connection if Bible knowledge and catechetical instruction is with his "Darkest England" project. I can see substituted for a definite work of the Holy Spirit the flash in his eye and hear that powerful voice of God, producing conviction and leading the soul yet, as he exclaimed, "Take a poverty-stricken to personal decision for Christ.

Putting the Gospel to the Test By REV. J. F. HARRISON Director of Practical Work, Moody Bible Institute of Chicago HERE are some of the many experiences of large for his age, eleven, with a serious little face those who are putting the Gospel to the and quiet, dignified manner. Just as the meeting was to be closed with prayer Robert said, "I'd like test in our cities. to have Jesus for my Saviour but I've never heard In the Bible class in homes-At the close of the this story and I don't quite understand it all." Bible story the teacher gave, as usual, the invitation to any child present to open his heart and He was asked to stay and talk it over after the ask the Lord Jesus to come in. Several in the others had left. As the other children were obclass of twenty-five expressed the desire. While taining their assortment of caps, coats, mufflers, the other children bowed their heads and closed mittens and galoshes, Robert and the teacher went their eyes, those wishing to accept Christ stood up, into the kitchen to be alone. There Robert told her confessed their sins and their need of a Saviour. that his mother and father were separated and One boy, Robert, there for the first time, seemed he had been sent to a home for unfortunate chiltouched but he did not express a desire. He was dren. "The worst of it is," he said, "that Daddy

PUTTING THE GOSPEL TO THE TEXT

MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE STUDENTS STARTING OUT TO CARRY THE GOSPEL TO THE CITY and Mummy seemto have forgotten me. I haven't In the jail-The following is from a letter writeven heard from either of them in over three months." Robert's big brown eyes filled with ten by an ex-convict: tears and lips tried hard not to tremble. "I have just returned from the South and There was unspeakable joy in telling Robert that God has said: "When thy mother and thy thought I had better answer your letter. I was father forsake thee, then the Lord will take thee up." He learned that God, the Heavenly Father, over at the Institute on Sunday and I heard a very wanted him to be .His little boy; that God so loved him (Robert) that He sent His only begotten Son helpful service. I am now a very devoted reader that if Robert would believe in Him he should never perish but have a loving Father in Heaven of the Testament which you so kindly gave me. watching over him day and night. He listened so eagerly as he was told how he might be taken into lt gives me great strength and courage to carry the family of God. He asked Jesus to take away all his sins and to adopt him for His own little boy on. forever. "You were a great comfort to me while I was in In the mission–One evening during the testimony meeting a man came forward to say that he prison. God bless you for helping me find the wanted to take Christ as his Saviour. He was a typical bum, intoxicated and filthy. At first the Light. My entire life and way of living have been leader thought he was a "moocher" (one of the kind that profess to accept Christ and then ask changed and I praise Him daily and pray cQnfor a dime to buy a drink) but after taking him into the back room and praying with him we tinually for further guidance and comfort. I hope found that he was sincere. you will always remember me in your prayers. He had spent twenty-three years of his life in a peniteritiary and had been out only a few Sometime I should like to have you make arrangemonths. He was lonely and despondent. As he passed the mission he heard the singing and came ments for me to be baptized." in. He felt that he needed God and accepted Jesus as his Saviour, giving his testimony publicly. In the .hospital-On a Sunday afternoon as I was visiting in the Hospital I stopped beside .the bed of a Jew. After speaking with him for a few minutes I offered him a tract. I never saw a man change so suddenly. He cursed me and he cursed God and Jesus Christ. I opened my Bible and started to read from the Old Testa- ment certain things pertaining to the Jews. He listened until I referred to Jesus Christ. After he had agreed to the fact of God, the truth of the Old Testament, and to the laws and ordinances of the Old Testament, I asked him if he ever took a lamb or a bullock to the priest for a sacrifice for his sins. Of course he had not. I read to him from the Gospel of Matthew without telling him

where I was reading. He agreed to the truth of sands of dollars in intoxicating liquor. For some the portions that I read and when I told him they days he had been under conviction of sin and this were from the New Testament he would not be- night, in desperation, he had been walking the lieve me. I left a Gospel of John and some tracts, streets seeking God. He passed a mission, and telling him I would call again in a few days. going in, explained his desires. They prayed with him but he received the idea that until he could When I returned he had read the Gospel of either speak in tongues or prophesy he was un- John and said that he believed it was true. To saved. make sure that he understood, I went back through the Bible, showing him that Jesus Christ was "the For the greater part of an hour we stood behind Lamb of God that taketh away the sin of the a schoolhouse near a street lamp where we were world," and that He was the eternal sacrifice. The undisturbed, and here this man found the Light. man finally prayed and wept for joy that he had He has been a gangster, and had associated with found the Messiah. some of the bi~est politicians in Chicago, and had a great battle to fight. Later I brought hjm aNew Testament with the Psalms, and he took them as ,a man grasping for One Sunday afternoon I walked up to his apart- a life line. He fairly "ate the Word" and in three ment and found him in a very low frame of mind. weeks his Bible was almost worn out. The remedy prescribed was the confession of Jesus Christ before his associates. In the open air-One evening, after a prayer service, we drove to our district and scouted The next Wednesday evening he came to see me around for a good location. We decided that the and the first thing he said was: "Well, I have Lord wanted us to speak on a corner in a neighbor- done it. I have burned every bridge I had." After hood where Germans, Poles, Russians, Serbians, two days of thinking and praying and reading the Italians and Roumanians reside. We started with Word of God he had come to the conclusion that the song service and in a few minutes over 125 it had to be a clean break. Wednesday morning people had gathered from all directions. Three he went out to the gangsters' headquarters where special songs followed and then the message was he requested that his name be taken off the list. given and those who desired further information The men thought at first he was drunk; then, that and help were asked to step out from the crowd. he was crazy. He was offered whiskey and money About two thirds did so and personal work lasted which he refused, telling them that all the money for half an hour. We knew that the Lord had he got from them was fools' money. He then told given a special blessing and we were jubilant. them of the step he had made and that he was all We found that 63 people had been dealt with and through with them and the kind of life they led. 38 had professed conversion. Nearly four hun- dred tracts had been distributed and people had After convincing them of his sincerity he went taken twenty-one Gospels of John. Other names to several places where he owed bills, paid them . were taken and Gospels were mailed later. so as to have nothing to draw him into the temp- tation of his former life. When he had made the In the street-One evening I had a feeling that slate clean he had ten cents left which he used I must go for a walk. After about twenty minutes in calling up a former friend. I turned the corner to go to my ,apartment, but felt that I should cross the street. As I stepped "Broke but happier than in years," he said and up on the walk a man passed me and I held out a felt as if a burden had been lifted from his shoul- tract which he took. After walking about twenty ders. Without a job and no connections, he faced steps he turned and said, "May I talk with you?" life with more confidence than he had ever known. This man has since been sorely tried as he has His first question was: "Must I speak in sought work. However, God has now graciously tongues to be saved, or believe in any other of provided his need. these things, such as prophesying or healing?" Does the gospel work today? Moody Bible In- I learned that this man had drunk down thou- stitute students say, "Yes."

Why cannot the young people's groups and the church congregations, unite to meet the common task of taking the Gospel to the whole community without disturbing the forms and the confessions of the individual church and the individual denomination? If we do not do this and do it quickly, how can we hope to make our city part of the kingdom of God? .

Let these be our three objectives: 1. To minister as Christian individuals in so far as possible to all whose condition is a challenge to Chris- tian friendliness. 2. To bring the common conscience of the church to bear upon community conditions that are unjust and that degrade life. 3. To carry the preaching and the teaching functions of the church out to those who are at present unreached. ROBERT W. SEARLE.

with the Industrial

By REV. A. J. MUSTE Director of Labor Temple, New York I GNAZIO SILONE is the foremost Italian nov- quisitive, pseudo-scientific, materialistic indus- elist of today. Being an anti-Fascist he does trialism which has been the "respectable religion." not reside in Italy. A few years ago he at- But none of these faiths is meeting the world's tained fame with a novel entitled "Fontamara" needs; on the contrary, under their leadership (Bitter Stream) which pictures village life under and amid their clashing, the world is headed for Fascism. Later he published another novel, catastrophe. "Bread and Wine," which is his portrayal of how Fascism may be overcome. The hero of the book The basic reason why these rival faiths are failwas in the secular revolutionary movement in ing to meet the world's needs and are leading it Italy before Mussolini came to power. Now, ac- to catastrophe is that they are built upon rotten cording to the story, he is back in Italy working moral and spiritual foundations; they deny some in the underground movement for a free regime, of the most fundamental concepts of the Christian but with a very different approach and methods view of the world and of man. from those previously employed. Here are some typical utterances which Silone puts in the mouth We briefly mention three points at which Chrisof his hero: tianity stands in opposition to materialistic indus- trialism, Fascism and Communism. First, the The dictator's henchman must be opposed not with other three systems all hold degraded and degrading henchmen who merely spoke differently, but with men who conceptions as to the nature of the individual, in lived and acted differently…. The evil I see around me contradistinction to the Christian view that the is deeper than politics. It is a canker. . . . There is the human being is spiritual, a child of God, having class-struggle, the struggle between the town and the moral dignity and worth. Let us illustrate. To country, but underlying all these things there is man, a the pseudo-scientific world-view of the pre-war poor, weak, terrified animal. The canker has penetrated period which saw everything in terms of mechanto his marrow. . . . All that remained alive and inde- ism, the human being is "a highly temporary structible of Christianity in me was revived: a Chris- chemical episode on a most petty planet" or "a tianity that neither abdicates in the face of Mammon, nor tiny lump of impure carbon and water." To a proposes concordats with Pontius Pilate, nor offers easy certain kind of industrialism, man is a mere cog careers to the ambitious, but rather leads to prison, seeing in a machine. Henry Ford once said, in effect, that crucifixion is no longer practised. that it is the duty of management to take the load off the worker's back and put it on the machine, For anyone who is acquainted with the modern and to take the load off the worker's mind and literature, especially that of "the Left," which has put it on the office. From the spiritual and moral influenced the thinking of industrial workers in point of view, what is left that is human in a the western world even though not many of them creature with nothing on its back and nothing on . read it, these sentences sound a startlingly new its mind? And practically, of course, this creanote. Yet dozens of quotations could be cited from ture ends on the scrapheap of industry, lucky if recent essays, poems and novels of such impor- the state adopts him as a ward. tant figures as Aldous Huxley, Edmund Wilson, John Dos Passos, Sidney Hook, Josephine John- In Fascism the human being is degraded to a son, W. H. Auden, Andre Gide, Eugene Lyons mere pawn in the hands of the totalitarian State. and others in which the same approach is implicit In Communism the proletariat, idealized in the if not quite so explicit as in Silone's book. People abstract, is in the concrete subjected to the dicin this mood are likely to be much more receptive tatorship of an absolutist Party, and in the Party to the Christian message and philosophy than the member is a pawn: if the Party says that a they have been until recently. man must steal, lie, spy upon and betray his What has brought about this new trend in mod- closest friend, he has no alternative. ern thought? We may put it in this way. The Second, all of these systems, as might be inthree modern faiths which have been rivals to Christianity on the soil of Christendom itself are ferred, regard the system rather than the indi- Fascism, Communism and the get-rich-quick, ac- vidual as important. "Keep this system, with all our marvelous inventions and progress, just as it [287 ]

is, and all will be well; we shall progress auto- man is a part. For obviously, man is a dependent, matically and forever"-is or was the naIve faith a contingent being. We did not create ourselves. of a materialistic capitalism. "Smash it all and Weare the product, the creation of something- put another system in its place and all our prob- Some One. lems will be solved"-is the equally naIve faith of the secularist Marxist. Christianity knows that Of what, then? Of whom? Creatures of mat- any "system" is only human beings living in cer- ter? "Tiny lumps of impure carbon and water"? tain relationships; unless something happens in How then can we, out of "mere matter," produce the human being, nothing has happened at all. creatures who can make moral decisions and re- spect themselves? Or is man the product of some Third, all of these systems believe in power and vast cosmic mechanism? How shall he then be- domination. They reject and despise gentleness, come more than a cog in that impersonal machine? meekness, love. They believe that "the end justi- fies the means." They think that the world can No, if our problem is what so many are coming somehow, by violence, ruthlessness, repression, again to see, what "high religion" has always _ dictatorship, reach the goal of peace and democ- known it to be, then must we not conclude that racy and brotherhood. The civilized, capitalistic there is no salvation for us from suicide, indi- world believed this doctrine so firmly that twenty vidual and collective, no means of maintaining or years ago it spent directly and indirectly thirty recovering the self-respect without which man million human lives and four hundred billion dol- cannot go on living, unless man can know him- lars' worth of wealth in a war that was to make self as the creation of Spirit, living in a universe the world finally "safe for democracy" and put which is somehow governed by moral and spir- an end to war. Having observed the results, this itual law? Is there then any escape from "the capitalistic world cannot yet make up its mind to gods many and lords many" who rule this age save renounce the method of war, even though that too in "the one God, the Father," whose very nature involves a bit of risk, any more than Russia is it is to produce sons and daughters who can re- prepared to renounce the method of dictatorship, spect themselves and love each other? Can there chekas, espionage and repression, though all it be then any Lord save the "one Lord, Jesus seems to lead to is more dictatorship, chew, Christ," who thus saw man and God and lived in espionage and repression. the light and power of that vision?

Obviously on the terms of any of these systems How else, furthermore, shall we find the dy- life becomes meaningless at last; human beings namic for building a sane and brotherly world? cannot respect themselves; they cannot make It is a question of dynamic. "Never higher than moral decisions because they do not think there in our time were the vital advantages." The vis- is such a thing as morality apart from expediency. ion of a new order has never been clearer; the Men who really think thus of themselves do not material resources are at hand. But confusion, worship God, do not create great art, do not build cynicism, ruthlessness, oppression, terror stalk democratic societies. To do these things we have the earth. "When hatred promised an immediate to believe in the dignity and moral worth of man. dividend all of us hated." We have to understand that the basic question is the nature and quality of the human being. We, who stand on Christian ground and who share the Christian experience, are alone able to The Christian message may again receive a speak with confidence to the "Wise Men" of our hearing which it has not had for some time, since day and to the industrial masses who have been 'a growing number of important writers, particu- under their influence; as Paul spoke to the men larly writers of "the Left," are beginning to pro- of Athens: "I observe, wherever I turn, that you claim again the great human and Christian truth are a most religious people. As I passed along that we must know whether human beings are and scanned your objects of worship, I actually creatures of spirit and so are capable of building came upon an altar with the inscription and living in a free fellowship; changing systems is not enough; the means that men use inevitably TO AN UNKNOWN GOD. determine the ends they achieve. I proclaim to you this God whom you worship in If we really become desperately concerned about your ignorance." the nature and quality of the human being; if we are convinced that we cannot build a new world The Church of Christ today is confronted, as merely by changes in external arrangements, that in its first days, with dictatorship, absolutisms, we must have first of all people capable of making modern Cresarisms – persecuted and hounded by moral decisions and living in a free society, then them. It will probably become increasingly diffi- inevitably the argument will have to be pushed a cult in all lands for the Church to meet the de- step farther back. We have to ask what is the mands of the State for an absolute allegiance and nature and character of the universe of which .retain its own soul. The Church may well be put again in the position of a small minority spiritual fellowship in a hostile world, driven to carryon

A POLICEMAN TRANSFORMED

its worship in the catacombs, "in deserts and Christian evangelism to the industrial worker mountains and caves, and the holes of the earth." must meet him in the arena of his intellect. It On the other hand men everywhere are sensing must prove itself competent to demonstrate the that such a world is doomed and are raising their inadequacy and falsehood of materialistic indusvoices again in the cry for the help which is to trialism, F,ascism and Marxism. It must meet be found only in the Eternal Word of God's re- the worker in the arena of his needs as a cog in deeming love, which by grace is ours. the machine of industry. It must be the voice of a church which does not attempt to defend, much A church which is not prepared to undergo the less to identify its own fate with that of a selfish terrific intellectual and theological labor involved economic order, based on acquisitiveness and in translating its Gospel into the language and strife or with a political order based on violence thought-forms of our day-as Paul, John, Origen, and dictatorship. It must be a church which Augustine, Luther and Calvin did for their day brings the economic order under the judgment of -will not be able to "speak to the condition" of Christ and must insist that in all relationships His these people. A church which, like the Russian spirit and teaching shall be the standard. On church under the Czars, becomes a mere bulwark these terms the Church will also be able to proof the existing order, deaf to human needs, bless- claim to the workers the prophetic truth that they ing or condoning the war-system, a mere tool of will reap nothing but disillusionment and despair the Cresars and the economic and political Cresar- if they seek to achieve freedom and peace and ism of our day-such a church will not be able to brotherhood by the way of dictatorship and vio- "speak to the condition" of troubled and seeking lence and hate. modern men. But a church which is prepared to think through and state the Christian faith in the Modern Christian evangelism must also prolanguage of the present age; a church that is claim to industrial workers the personal Gospelready to be indeed an international fellowship, the eternal message that each man must settle his animated by and obedient to the spirit of Jesus, own account with God; he can by no means pass ready to break loose from entangling alliances on to ,another the responsibility of his own sin or with the Cresars and Cresarism of today, and eager to "society" or "the system"; nevertheless he canto seek to realize the will of God on earth as it is not himself settle that account nor carry that in Heaven – such a church is in a position to burden; God himself by grace wipes out the accall upon modern "Wise Men" and masses alike count and takes upon His own redemptive love the to follow Christ and not Barabbas. This church burden, and so sets man, His child, free and makes will call today with more likelihood of being him a member of the church – the fellowship of heeded than for many decades past. the Redeemed.

A Policeman Transformed By PAUL L. BUFFA, New York City A CERTAIN Christian worker has taken ad- Meadows, where the new Exposition Grounds are vantage of the dearth of candidates in all being landscaped, the policeman drove his car off Fraternal Orders and made it part of his the road and stopped it on an ash dump. To his astonished companion he began to speak of his responsibility to give some of his time to large own spiritual problem. After being confirmed in his mother's church, he never entered a church. groups of men who are always looking for inter- He had tried to live a clean, upright life; he was esting speakers. He has found that the plain happy in his family life, his mother making a story of God's redeeming love, told without an- home for him. Being ambitious and capable, he thropomorphic "gaucheries," without mythology was studying with a view to advancement and and ecclesiastical trappings, always secures the therefore had not yet given thought to getting rapt attention of many rather sophisticated audi- married. He was popular with the "boys" with ences. whom he worked but, said he, "I am not popular with myself. I wish I could become different. I On one such errand, during the first week of am not at rest when I am alone with myself." last November, after he had delivered his message and while putting on his overcoat in the ante- The police officer stated he had talked with sevroom, dismally considering the long street car and eral clergymen-"all very nice men; but some subway journey from Brooklyn to the Bronx, he were too learned for me and said things which was approached by a tall man in a police officer's sounded lovely but did not mean anything to me. uniform who offered to take him home in his car.

While the two were crossing the Flushing

Others treated me like a Bowery tramp and ex- she had gained hope and that the Holy Spirit was horted me to give up my 'wickedness' ; others gave at work in her heart. me easy assurances that I was all right and all I needed was to join their particular church." He New Year's Eve came around and with it the was neither learned, wicked nor desirous of Watch-night service in the Christian worker's church membership, but he was hungry and parish. It was a Candle Lighting Service and, thirsty for new incentives and new motivations after everyone had gone home, he made his cusand a new drive. tomary rounds to make sure all was right in the building. At about one o'clock in the morning, The Christian worker, who does not believe in there was a terrific pounding on the main door of argumentation but in the unfailing power of the the church. The worker opened it and was sur- Word of God when "fitly spoken," quietly asked prised by the sight of his policeman friend accomhis heavenly Father for guidance and was led to panied by over a dozen of the toughest and shadquote (Ezekiel 36: 26), "A new heart also will I iest characters,;irom his neighborhood, together give you, and a new spirit will I put within you; with a generous sprinkling of the "caulyflowered and I will take away the stony heart out of your ear," punch drunk "punks" who love to be conflesh, and I will give you an heart of flesh." sidered dangerous, without being really criminal at heart. The policeman apologized for the late- Having slowly repeated this word of promise ness of the hour but he had to finish his day's three times, he felt compelled to silence. For sev- work. He had received the Pastor's circular aneral minutes an atmosphere of tenseness and ex- nouncing the Candle Lighting Service and had depectancy pervaded the car. Then the policeman cided to come and place his candle on the Altar. spoke: He had conceived the plan of inviting the hangers- on, who, at night, are always loafing in front of a "It may be inconvenient to kneel in this car; certain saloon in the vicinity. He remarked: but I feel there should be prayer here. If I stick "They were not in a position to say no; so here my knees in your eyes, just forgive me; my legs we are!" are rather long." Having lit a candle and placed it in the proper He then asked the Christian worker to pray. place he turned to the motley crew who, in the The worker told him to pray for himself. An- penumbra of the church, looked like some of other silence followed, when there took place the Dore's damned; he told them the laws of man most beautiful thing which can happen on earth had touched many of them but evidently had -that which causes the Angels in Heaven to re- helped them very little. He asked if, like himself, JOIce. In simple, sincere language, the young any of them would give the Saviour a chance. policeman started groping for the hand of the Father, which was stretched out to him in his Three of those boys have since come to the darkness. Before the two arose from their knees, Christian worker for spiritual guidance. this valiant young man had taken his oath of allegiance to the Lord Jesus Christ. To the verse quoted in the car on the Flushing Meadows, the worker now would add the marvel- Thanksgiving Day came around and with it ous words of Ezekiel 36: 29. joy was brought to many, and silent, bitter sor- "And I will call for the corn and I will increase row to others. Our police friend was cruising in it." a Radio Car with his Irish partner, when the screams of women and children from the windows "The greatest church in all the land, of a tenement drew their attention; upon inves- With wealth and power in its control, tigation, it was found that a young mother had tried to commit suicide by inhaling gas and to Holds naught but ashes in its hand, asphyxiate also her little children. The Irish Unless it guards the city's soul. officer went for the telephone while our policeman proceeded to administer first aid. He succeeded in What means this stately granite pile, reviving the woman when, in a hysterical fit she To Christian worship set apart, badly bit his finger, cursing him for bringing her back to life. When he saw her physical life re- If crowded streets, mile upon mile, turning he felt immediately concerned for her Feel not the throbbing of its heart? spiritual life and, disregarding his own hurt, he raised his heart in prayer to God on her behalf. "Respond, 0 church! these myriad calls After completing his day's duty, tired and hungry, Appealing, come from street and mart, the officer, before even taking food, made it a point to pick up the Christian worker and take Where every man whom sin enthralls, him to see the woman who had been snatched from Expects a welcome to thy heart. such untimely end. He found that, in her despair, Reach out, 0 church! this is the hour To make thy ministry complete!

God waits, to furnish thee with power, To lift the city to his feet."

A SKETCH OF THE CONCENTRATION

THE GOODS AND ILLS OF . URBAN LIFE / INNER CITY AREA OUTER CITY AREA RESIDENTIAL SUBURB~ " FOREIGN BORN MINGLING OF NATIONALITIES NATIVE AMERICAN POOR HOUSING APARTMENTS-HIGH RENT SPACIOUS RESIDENCES —……… ~ Af~ POOR HOME FURNISHINGS LOW RATE OF HOME OWNERSHIP LOW AATEOF HOME OWNERSHIP1HIGH RATE OF HOMEOWNERSHI! , DOWNTOWN MUNICIPAL COMFORTABLE FURNISHINGS 'f/<-P~.~ ~ . CROWDING LIMITED SPACE MUCH SPACE PER PERSON POOR LIGHT AND AIR LESS SMOKE AND DIRT PURER AIR BUILDINCS (:)", ('" POOR PLA'1 FACILITIES LIM1TED PLAY FACiliTIES GOOD PLAV FACILITIES LIBRARIES .~.~, – MUSEUMS NO TREES AND GRASS FEW TREES-SMALL VAROS TREES AND CRASS 0~ DIRTV STREET~AlLEYS CLEAN STREETS THEATRES ~ti;E§~<~:_:> IHIGHHIDHGEIHAGTHHINRFBAATIRENTBTYHDTUREBAAETTREHCURLOASTISE I BIG STORES LOW BIRTH RATE lOW BIRTH RATE LOW INFANT DEATH RATE OFFICE BUILDING CENTRAL BANKS LOW DEATH flATE BY TUBERCULOSIS TRANSPDRTATIO CENTRE ~~ ~'yZ HIGH DELINQUENCV RATE JINCREASING DELINQUENCY RATE, LOW DElINQUENCV RATE -' ~'~~~,,»'/INADEQUATE FOOD AND CLOTHING/ADEQUATE FOOD AND CLOTHING / PLENTY OF FOOD AND CLOTHING/ I MUCH UNEMPLOYMENT I I LITTLE UNEMPLOVMENT ;/ I I I MEDIUM RELIEF ~ATES ~ HIGH REUEF RATES LOW RELIEF RATES LOW WAGE II I MODERATE INCOME HIGH INCOME I I '"' "OUTWARD MOVEMENT OF' LEADERSHIP RAPID MOVEMENT FROM / LOW "MOBILITY RATE CONCENTRATION OF -ILLS" PLACE TO PLACE / ICONCENTRATION OF "GOODS"j The Inner and the Outer City By REV. ERNEST GRAHAM GUTHRIE, D.D., LL.D.

General Director of the Chicago Congregational Union I T IS impossible to describe a Modern American ulation, an accumulation of problems of poverty, City in terms that would be true of all, for they delinquency, and crime. So hostile is this environ- differ widely in what they do to and with hu- ment to human life that, no matter what racial man life. Nor is it easy to describe in general group takes up its aoode in these areas, no matter terms. the varied relationships of the Christian how good the stock from which they have come, Church to these differing patterns of life. We sooner or later the same signs of deterioration becan, however, recognize certain facts that create come starkly revealed. And yet out of these very one of the major problems with which the Church areas have come some of the best life we have, has to deal. There is a flight of human life to- rising on ladders visible and invisible to high wards the suburbs, under the drive of the home- place in industry and commerce, in the arts and making instinct, carrying with it many of the religion, in the public life of the city and the naablest citizens, and much of the wealth and other tion. The outer area of the city, with singular resource that was formerly available for the In- exceptions, in industrial suburbs, and even "subner City. The ultimate result is, that the city has urban slums," is marked by the power of wealth, two sharply contrasted areas. The one is marked the advantages of education and superior trainby poor housing, suffocating densities of pop- ing, and, often by a" deep ignorance of, and de- [291 ]

tachment from, the massed disadvantages to is never primary, although often it grows with human life in the central area from which they the growth of all the rest. This means that every have escaped. suburban church has one such relationship to an The resources of the Christian Church have in institution of the Inner City, and the strongest the main followed the course of this economic and churches may have four or five. On the other social drive. The great churches of the suburbs hand, every institution in the Inner City has, in are, in the first instance, the products of this turn, some three to six suburban churches as an movement, and it would not be difficult to substan- inner circle of dynamic fellowship. This Plan is tiate the thesis that these churches have not only fostered within the general organization of the been built up at the expense of the old mother church for the whole city, and is guided constantly churches of the Inner City, but are still dependent by a Cooperating Committee of eighteen repre- upon them for much of their best Christian lead- sentatives of the suburban churches, but the point ership. This movement of the Church life leaves is that these relationships are direct. They grow behind it a situation that is tragically familiar. at both ends through deepening understanding The older fortresses of the faith and service are, and knowledge, and above all by mutual respect with outstanding exceptions, being constantly de- and mutual service, as common participants in pleted, not only in financial resources but in the one faith and one Christian trust.

character of their ministerial and lay leadership, The various strands of this fellowship are all at the very moment when they are facing new important and for different reasons: and often alien populations and the vast complexity of human problems that are the result of the (1) The local boards of the Inner City institubasic movement referred to above. The total re- tions are drawn from the several churches to sult is that the Christian Church is weaKest, in which they are related, and are so carefully chosen every form of resource, in the very area of the that it is not too much to say that many of these most bitter and complex human need. institutions have a calibre of Christian men and women directing them that is, on the average, But that the Christian Church is not satisfied higher than that of anyone of the suburban to leave this situation as it stands, that it is seek- churches related to them. Nor are these men and ing a way and is finding a way to return in the women concerned with finances and bills alone. power of its faith and service into the Inner City Here is one powerful enough to change the whole there is abundant evidence. It is the purpose of attitude of the police to a foreign group the instithis article to briefly indicate some of the ways tution serves. Another caused even a Judge of a in which this is being, and can be increasingly court to be disciplined for unseemly reference to done by a si.ngle communion, by a united Prot- the race for which the Center was maintained. A estantism, and by the still more comprehensive third reaches into the City government, to correct action of the religious leadership of the city as a the menace to health of open drains and sewers. whole. Still others, of the right training and gifts, help the institution to evolve from simply doing am- The Strategy of a Single Communion The first necessity is for any given communion bulance work for those wounded by hardship and to establish an adequate stake of its own life and evil into a powerful center of thought and action, service in the Inner City. If we leave aside, for striking constructively to eliminate the sources of the moment, the older original churches, this stake misery at their origin.

is represented by a group of institutions that (2) A second and a golden strand is the stream range all the way from Rescue Missions and For- of volunteer assistance in the service of these in- eign-Speaking Churches, to Neighborhood Houses, stitutions. The original settlement movement was which are the Church's forms of the Settlement an effort to give to the blighted areas of our cities Movement, and smaller churches of the conven- the kind of intelligence, high moral character, and tional type. One of the vexed questions within trained service and leadership for education, several of our communions at the present time is recreation, and community reconstruction, of to determine in what proportions its resources which these areas had been depleted. To the set- should be divided between churches that build the tlements of London came some of the best life of fellowship and institutions whose ministry is Oxford and Cambridge Universities. In these poured forth, without hope of any kind of return, training grounds were created some of the great out of the chalice of a self-forgetting service. Proconsuls of the empire who, like Milner in Af- Our problem is to create a vital sense of fellow- rica, however highly placed, never forgot how the ship between these two arms of the Church's serv- other half lived and the high trust they held for ice. In one communion what is known as the Fel- that other half. 'From these suburban churches lowship Plan binds these two groups together in have come volunteers, equaling and sometimes a multitude of strands of which the financial bond surpassing in number, the regular staffs of these

THE INNER AND THE OUTER CITY

MEXICAN BOYS AND GIRLS ENACTING THE CHRISTMAS STORY IN FIRMAN HOUSE, CHICAGO institutions, who have given their talents freely ways consciously and wisely kept subordinate, to communities which yesterday they did not even nevertheless grows in a myriad ways. Equipment arrives, from baseball bats to an organ, for the know existed. institution; boys and girls are given opportunities (3) A third important strand is the leadership to recover their health; scholarships are founded by which the more talented may climb towards at both ends of the relationship. The fellowship high careers; golden ladders are let down into the is conceived to be mutual, and it is increasingly darkness, not one, but many. And when any great becoming so. The business of the leader of the single undertaking for some desperate need of a Inner City institution is to enlarge the social con:" single community is set before the communion as sciousness and quicken the social conscience of a whole, it is not the four or five suburban the suburban church; and, where the leader of churches that are its inner circle of fellowship the suburban church rightly uses his opportunity, alone, that respond, but the entire fellowship of his church, at meeting after meeting, in group churches, rising in a single year to contributions after group, is exposed to the cruel pressure and amounting to $75,000, beyond all that is given by the disfiguring results of the city's pitiless forces, the central organization of the Church. As one on other neighborhoods. But always these tragic of the active leaders in this plan has said, "Its scenes are depicted by a leader who offers through basis is found in the fact that fundamentally each his own institution an arm of Christian service one of us regards himself as a part of this great and power that day in and day out is battling city and the city a part of himself." against these evils for human life. As a consequence, many of these churches are beginning to We turn, for a 'moment, to the old mother ask for surveys of the neighborhoods in which churches in the heart of the city. Some of these their related institutions work to go beyond vague are still strong in membership, in resource and impressions and face directly the bitter facts. influence. They have maintained themselves, amidst the currents and the tides that have swept (4) We can hardly wonder that, where these, others into weakness or oblivion. They are susand other strands, of direct fellowship are grow- tained by the loyalty of members who live in the ing in strength, the financial exchange between these two arms of Christ's service, which is al-

suburbs, but whose spiritual home is in the heart bankruptcy and moral and spiritual treason that of the city. And how greatly some of these old it is? Are no great spiritual questions being churches are maintained, a center of tranquility asked,if not in the churches of the suburbs, then amidst the increasing perturbation, full of deep in the souls of suburban men and women as they and great ministries to myriads of lives otherwise drop off, at their quiet stations in the evening, without close human ties, sanctuaries of all forms and pass, through long avenues of beauty to their and moods of worship, on whose altar, as one of homes, or as, in the morning, their train stops their ministers has said, "will burri unobtrusively for a moment to give them a close sight of the but perpetually, a flame symbolizing the everlast- blighted areas of the great city's life?" ing presence of a Friendly God." Perhaps there is no greater service rendered by the suburbs to In one of our great cities the united religious the Inner City than by those who maintain such leadership has set itself to analyze the forces that loyalties, as long as life lasts, and who are sup- make and mar the city, to give a synoptic picture ported in their loyalty by the approval of minis- of the vast orga'frism, as a whole, and this picture ters and churches in the suburbs who look not at is being painted by economists, by industrialists, their own things alone. by politicians, mid all that great company who know how the segment of its mighty life with On the other hand, is' there anything more which they are familiar came to be, what exactly tragic, and, in a great sense, more unnecessary, are the sources of its evils, and from which directhan the dying back of these great centers of wor- tion its salvation must come. ship for lack of support? One by one they perish within their own little denominational fellowships It is only as the organic wholeness of the city that can no longer maintain them. Will the day slowly forms itself in the minds and hearts and never come when these things will be counted challenges the wills of the total leadership of the among the scandals and the high crimes of our Church, in all its branches, and in all its locations, divided Protestantism? Is there not sufficient that the great Kingdom of cooperative life, topower, despite the tribal spirit that still infects wards which the true Church ever lives and them, working with the rising tide of protest serves, will come to pass. In Elizabeth Goudge's against their divided and composite futility, for "A City of Bells," it is said of the old Canon of the Protestant churches to take their stand on the Cathedral, as he moved, one Christmas eve, this at least, and determine that, no matter who through the slums of that Cathedral city: "He comes or who goes, as long as human life inhabits hated segregation, inevitable though he knew it these inner areas, there shall be enough great to be. He hated the barriers of time and age and churches to give a united witness, a united serv- class and language. He longed for the time when ice, and enduring expression to the high resolve all the different lights carried by man in the pagthat, under God, it will not let the heart of the eantry of life should grow into one." city go. No greater service could the churches of the suburbs, as a whole, of every and all commun- Enough has been said above of the active and ions, render than to take an unbroken stand that serving church in the city to show that those diftheir gifts shall not be made to the Inner City ferent lights have grown into one, wherever privexcept under the high policy and technique of, a ilege has shared with those who lack it, wherever United Church. love has found the way to blend life's myriad lights together, in the fellowship that is of, in, Different Lights Grow Into One and through Christ. But these things, of which we dream, and for which we work, in the great- But these are at best but superficial movements ness of our hope, will never come to pass until the towards the greater solidarity of life, that must power of God in Christ so invests His Church be realized in the Modern City. The church in the that we shall learn anew what the Church is and suburbs must delve deeper into its owngonscience can be when it becomes in reality "the act of God and ask, of those who can answer it, "How came in Christ in the midst of time." these things to be?" What industry was it that enticed these 200,000 Negroes from their cabins There are churches which say to their people in the Southland and hurled them, helpless, into the great maelstrom of the city? By whose mor- that one of the requirements of Christian fellowtal and human enactment do both Church and City have on their hands, this multitude of ap- ship is service for which no material reward is parently insoluble problems? paid. One church has, in addition to those who "By whose retreat from citizenship of the great city into the toy citizenship of the beautiful sub- give service in its own program, nearly one hunurban village, does municipal government become the combination of graft and cloaked crime of dred and fifty members who regularly each week are working in the community as volunteers in Christ's name. They are teaching the blind, work- ing in hospitals, calling on the aged, leading groups in boys' and girls' clubs, helping out in other churches. ROBERT W. SEARLE.

A United Church

By the REV. GORDON R. LAHRSON, New York Minister of the Henry Street United Church I NTERDENOMINATIONALISM has often been greener pastures. Why move as long as the com- an interesting subject for speculation and de- munity is filled with human beings whom the bate. The recent conferences in Oxford and Church of Christ is supposed to serve, regardless Edinburgh indicate certain avenues of cooperative of their social or economic rating? effort upon which all Protestant groups may travel. Too frequently, however, the much-ado These two churches have had a flexible minisabout denominations getting together has been try which has sought to interpret the message of like Mark Twain's observation concerning the Christ in light of the human problems and condiweather, it is a subject of much talk but nothing tions in the community. No church can long exist is done about it. While a feeling of helplessness in Manhattan with a static program. Traditional may be justified in the attempt to bring about practices must often yield to newer methods; and ecclesiastical union between certain denominations, church union is being successfully attempted yet, is not the glory of a rich tradition for any .inon the common ground of Christian service. stitution a ministry of service with enough viSIOn Two of the oldest churches in Manhattan, the and understanding to adapt itself to the deepest Mariners'Temple (Baptist) and the Sea and Land needs of men? (Presbyterian), have now joined forces in a united Christian program. The ministers and Mariners' Temple was built in 1795 as the workers in the two churches have been brought Oliver Street Baptist Church and is the oldest together and a coordination of activities has been Baptist edifice in New York City. It was rebuilt affected. While each church maintains its eccle- in 1844, and since that time has been known as siastical identity, all worship and service enter- Mariners' Temple. It is frequently referred to prises have been combined under one adminis- as the "Mother of Churches," several Baptist churches in the city having sprung from it– tration. American, Chinese, Danish, Italian, Norwegian, In evaluating this significant step of church Lettish, Swedish and Russian. Baptist work in Sweden, Norway and Denmark was begun by seaunion, one must recognize the drastic changes men who were members of Mariners' Temple. which have taken place in downtown New York, During the pioneer days, other members of the affecting every aspect of community life. With "Mother Church" were instrumental in organizing the shifting of Anglo-Saxon populations away churches in Illinois, Iowa and Minnesota. A very from the downtown area, the vast majority of impressive work was carried on among seamen in churches have joined in the exodus. This commu- the early days and from this ministry came the nity upheaval, however, has not resulted in a name by which the church has been popularly dearth of human beings. Great masses are forced known. The daily and nightly ministry to hometo live in these congested areas, in a setting which less men has been an outstanding feature of the lacks many cultural and spiritual advantages. work, and throughout its history this church has People with small incomes must dwell in these opened its doors to people of high and low degree. deteriorated, tenement districts. The same has been true of the Church of the Only a few of the old churches have been able Sea and Land. The present building goes back to to remain to interpret Christ's way of life to the the year 1817. It has had a dramatic history. throngs of human souls who must live in these Frederick Bruckbauer's book, "The Kirk on "haunts of wretchedness and need." Among the Rutgers Farm," portrays the thrilling story of few the Mariners' Temple and the Church of Sea this church up to the year 1919. George Alexand'Land are outstanding examples. Facing the ander, in his introduction to the book, made this social changes of more than a hundred years in revealing observation: the lower east side, these churches have stayed on the job, adapting their ministry to meet the needs In its first half century it sheltered a worshipping conof the changing population. They did not run gregation of staid Knickerbocker type, which, though blest away when their leading members moved to with a ministry of extraordinary ability and spiritual power, succumbed to its unfriendly environment and per- ished.

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In its second half-century it became the home of a flock who come for aid. A large number have been of God, poor in this world's goods, but rich in faith, to whom the environment even when changing from bad to given a new hold on life through this work. worse, was a challenge to faith and valiant service. ("The The week is filled with many activities, includ- Kirk on Rutgers Farm," Frederick Bruckbauer, page 5.) ing movies for children, Weekday Church School, The Sea and Land has carried on work not only Boys' and Girls' Clubs, Greek Service, Spanish for English-speaking peoples but for Italians, Service, meetings of Italian groups, Women's So- Greeks, Russians, Spaniards and Jews. At pres- cieties, Gymnasium Classes and Socials. ent, the Italian congregation ranks as one of the strong, foreign-speaking Protestant groups in the The work with children and young people is one city. For many years Sea and Land also had an of the most challenging aspects of the program, important work with seamen when such a minis- for the building of Christian character in childtry was vitally needed. Always the purpose has hood and adolescence constitute a major function been to serve the people of the community. Mr. of every Christian church. Bruckbauer fittingly expressed the spirit of the church. The lower ea~ side is rapidly changing. The new Knickerbocker Village, with its 1,600 fam- ilies, has already made a difference. It is like a lovely oasis in the midst of a desert. The Henry Never has this been a selfish, self-contained organism, Street United Church is providing a place in its but a living, throbbing influence that went out beyond the program of worship and service for the unshadow of its gray walls, prodigal in giving to others the churched people who live there. At present, good things of the gospel that were fostered there. Many scores of old tenement buildings are being torn a church at home and abroad has cause to bless Market Street for the men and women that she brought up in the down, and a re-zoning of the entire district is benurture and admonition of the Lord. ("The Kirk on ing proposed, making it predominantly residential. Rutgers Farm," Bruckbauer, page 105.) If these plans are carried out, a new community Today, the Henry Street United Church brings will come into being. Whatever the changes, together these famous institutions. Once again, Henry Street United Church will once more seek they have met the need of a change which means to adapt its ministry to meet the needs of the more effective service. Each group discovered people.

that it was seeking to do alone that which could be Many hope that there will be enough social accomplished more effectively in a cooperative imagination to provide the kind of housing that enterprise. There has not been the disposition on will be decent and respectable and at the same the part of either church to bemoan the loss of de- time within the economic means of families now nominational glory. Rather, there is a sense of living in the tenements. Those who work in pride in being a part of a denominationalism that underprivileged areas are keenly aware that has the glory of an interdenominational spirit and Christianity must do more than extend the hand a cooperative movement for the common good of of personal kindness. These people need also a the community. social and economic environment with the kind of This Union has made possible stronger leader- soil in which the seeds of personal character can ship and the interchanging of ideas and the fel- grow. When such conditions are provided, the lowship under a united staff of workers. Both beauty and power of the Christian life will find buildings are used: Mariners' Temple (at 3 Henry the best opportunity for expression. Then the Street) and the Sea and Land (at 61 Henry missionary efforts of the church will count for the Street) are only one block apart and the two most. "Men do not gather grapes of thorns or buildings provide adequate equipment for the figs of thistles." Truly this principle applies to work. The Sunday program includes Church social as well as to personal living.

School, Morning Worship, Italian Service in the The vision and support of this united enterprise afternoon, Young People's Meeting and Evening come from the New York City Baptist Mission Worship. Society, the Church Extension Committee of the The ministry of the United Church to homeless New York Presbytery and the New York City men is unique. A Service is held for them every Mission (interdenominational). The work of the night in Hubbell Hall of Mariners' Temple. Food Henry Street United Church is indicative of the and free lodging are provided daily for as large a indispensable part which City Societies have in number as can be accommodated. During the win- bringing the Christian message to our crowded ter as many as 200 men are kept for a single night. urban communities. The splendid way in which Friendly counsel is given to individuals as young these societies have been working together in and old pour out their heart-breaking stories of sponsoring the work reveals a significant phase misfortune. The purpose of this ministry is to of interdenominational cooperation. We have dis- aid in the rehabilitation of manhood. Frequently covered that such church union is a great success men of fine education and culture are among those when expressed in terms of Christian service.

"What Can a Suburban Church Do?"

By the REV. FRANK FlIT, D.D.

The Grosse Pointe Memorial Church, Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan T HIS church is situated three miles from the applies to all of life across the whole world, the official limits and nine miles from the chief groundwork is laid for a vital and intelligent serv- shopping center of the fourth largest city in ice to the multitudes who live in the near-by city.

the United States. It stands on the rim of a half- The condition of the world since 1914 has been circle of twenty square miles containing nearly compelling us to loosen and to thrust away our two million people. Within that half-circle are theological strait-jackets. Now, in this year gathered races and religions from all the world. 1938, as all of us are compelled to gaze at the very We have almost a thousand adult members, per- pit of hell by the terrible course of events, we see haps fifteen per cent of whom would be reckoned clearly, as never before, the true meaning of in the well-to-do class. A similar proportion Christ's message of salvation to mankind. That would be counted at the other end of the economic message means redemption for a man's nature, scale. The remaining seventy per cent of the for his home, for his school, for his shop and members belong to the middle-class group, neither store 'and factory and for his local and state and rich, nor poor. All local groups are represented, national government. It is a message for a man take part in the services and sit on the official and for the society in which he lives. It is for the boards. We have a very adequate church house individual and for all men. This is the conviction in which a program is carried on seven days a by which we Christians truly live and serve. week. In its tradition and opportunity there is nothing in what this particular church may offer Bonds of Service and Understanding to the near-by city which cannot be offered by al- Such a conception of the Christian Gospel is most any of the thousands of Protestant suburban certain to bear fruit in a process of education and churches surrounding the ninety-four cities of the service between the suburban church and the city. United States which in the 1930 census had a pop- It is quite incredible that such a Gospel should be ulation of over one hundred thousand. Some proclaimed and accepted without a constantly inchurches, more favored by resources and per- creasing interchange of information and effort. sonnel and opportunity, can offer more, and some Like other churches this church has its regular churches, less favored, can offer less. services of prayer and praise and instruction.

Th~ First Essential Here are some sample speeches addressed to groups in the interests of the city in recent weeks. Surely the first essential of such a church in its In their aggregate they were heard by the maoffering to the city is that the Christian Gospel jority of the adult members of the church. proclaimed from its pulpit, believed in by its members and assumed in its program from begin- "Making a Department Store a Civic Institution," by ning to end, is as broad and deep as human life the publicity director of a large department store; and its varied needs. Although the Grosse Pointe Farms church must of necessity bear certain "Mosaic or Melting Pot," by a member of the Detroit labels, in the sense that it is Presbyterian in its Council of Social Agencies; connection and witnesses to evangelical Christianity, there is nothing denominational in its offering "Life in a Settlement House," by the director of a setto the city. We believe that the Christian Gospel tlement; is greater than anyone parish or any single denomination, and that the flow of a redeeming and "Security amidst Uncertainty," by the special supertransforming Divine Grace can come down all visor of the Detroit Edison Company; channels that minister truly to mankind in the name of Christ. When such a conception of the "Cooperatives in Michigan," by an authority on coop- Gospel is proclaimed and believed, when the as- eratives; sumption of the entire parish is that the Gospel "The Church and Youth Delinquency," by a member of the Social Service Department of the Detroit Council of Churches; "The Negro of Detroit," by an authority; "Human Interest in Industry," by the personnel director of a large automobile company; "Bargaining between Employer and Employee," by an official in a large industry; [ 297]

"The Christian Approach to the Jew," by a Christian perance organization. Again the list might be minister, formerly Jewish; considerably extended. Almost every man and woman who holds an official position within the "Detroit's Challenge to the Churches," by the director membership also holds some official position in of the Church Extension Board, given before the the agencies which minister to Detroit's need, and Sunday morning congregation. many other men and women in the membership, holding no special responsibility within the parish, In the yearly program of activities there are are giving hours of their time each week to some many carefully planned service projects. The var- outside service. ious groups within the parish are brought into contact with the city needs and institutions. Some Two decades ago a distinguished English samples of this in recent weeks are listed. preacher who exercised a remarkable ministry on New York's Fifth Avenue is reported to have said The Married People's Class visited the Florence that one of his major problems was that he did Crittenton Home on a Sunday afternoon; not have sufficient tasks to offer to his people. That can only be true if the tasks are limited to The Women's Association visited a Community the local church organization. After all, there are House in an underprivileged district directed only a limited number of services within the local by our denomination; church, and the larger the parish the less is the proportion who can serve. But outside the church, A Professional Women's Club sponsored a Sun- particularly if that church be in or near a city, day night story hour at a Protestant Chil- there is no limit upon the opportunity for service. dren's Home; The mission Sunday Schools, the hospital boards, the settlement houses, the Y. W. C. A., and the Sunday School classes visited Negro churches, Y: M. C. A.-there is almost no end to the open- hospitals, old peoples' homes, settlements, ings. Heroic workers among the underprivileged bringing toys, clothing, etc. are sighing for the active personal assistance of the men and women of the churches. Let it be The list could be made much longer. Through- understood that every church member is expected out the year numerous organized trips take place. to serve his fellows by attaching himself to some The effort is made to give every member of the agency which ministers to human need. church a chance to become acquainted with the needy phases of Detroit's life and to appreciate The Offering in Money the methods by which the Christian forces are meeting those needs. It is safe to claim that no The question of the financial responsibility of adult member of the parish has any excuse for the suburban church is left to the last. That is pleading ignorance of the open sores of civiliza- where it belongs. First must come the proclamation in the city so close at hand. tion of the Christian message and the obligation to shoulder the responsibility. Then must come The Offering in Personnel the education in vivid terms of the proportions of the responsibility. Then must come the actual When such a Gospel is proclaimed, and when working amid the need. Then, last of all and with such an inter-related program of education is af- this careful preparation, is the' basis laid which forded, it is to be expected that earnest-minded makes the financial appeal compelling. Convicand devoted men and women within the church tion, education, participation, giving-those are membership will offer themselves for service and the four steps in the full rich contact between the accept positions of responsibility in those religious suburban church and the city. And the methods and philanthropic organizations which minister by which the money will be collected will be nudirectly to the needs of the city. A trustee and merous. Who can chart them? In the local treasurer of our church is the active head and church there is the official treasurer of benevoldirector of the Detroit Community Fund under ences. There are the gifts from Sunday School which some eighty agencies minister to the life classes and other groups. There are the appeals of the city, many of them under Christian aus- from the agencies outside the church. There is pices. The president of the trustees is also presi- the Community Fund through which most givers dent of a leading hospital board, and a former in these days prefer to donate their largest subpresident of the trustees is president of another scriptions. In addition, there are the ,anonymous hospital board. The teacher of a woman's class offerings which keep coming in, the private exin our Sunday School is president of the Detroit pressions of an earnest generosity which the giver Y. W. C. A. The president of our Women's Asso- would reveal only to God. Who can measure all ciation is also president of Detroit's Women's City of these? After all, it is not the method, but the Club and a former president of our Association motive behind it, which counts. is president of Detroit's Colony Club. A woman member of the church is president of Detroit's Protestant Children's Home. Another member is treasurer of the same institution. Still another member is president of the Allied Youth, a tem-

It would be quite impossible, even if it were de- of the evicted family into their new home. After sirable, to reckon up the giving in money to the that he slipped away without even stopping to tell needs of Detroit by the members of this parish. his name. Adding together amounts that are known, through the church treasurers, through the Detroit Com- Just as there is courage and practical kindness munity Fund and through other channels, it would so, too, there is happiness and love. But the handequal several times the budget of the local church. icaps are too great-the blight and misery and In all probability it should be much greater than waste of life are tragic. it is. There are few among us who really give away money to the point where it means personal The people whom you have met in the foregodeprivation. Let us be grateful for the number, ing pages are not creatures of the imaginationfound among rich and moderately circumstanced they are actual human beings. In some instances and poor, who really give to the point of sacrifice the details of their stories have been somewhat and set the standard for the rest of us. altered. In no instance has a story been exagger- ated. And they are not all dwellers in one city. This is a brief report of what one suburban Moreover, their counterparts may be found in any church is attempting to accomplish in the direc- one of the 6'06 communities in the United States tion of the great city on the border of which it having a population of 1'0,'0'0'0 or more-part of an stands. Undoubtedly other suburban churches are aggregate population of more than 64,'0'0'0,'0'00. doing more. Some suburban churches, because of limitations beyond their control, are not able to Has not every city its lonely aged, its physicaldo as much. The point is that every suburban ly, socially, and economically handicapped, its negchurch must do what it can. The order and lected and delinquent children? Are there not in method of procedure, as it has been found fruitful nearly every city one or more groups which suffer in at least one such church, has been pointed out. from prejudice and discrimination? It has been The Christian Gospel, wide, deep and high, in its said that "every American community has its New Testament power and glory, for every aspect slums or substandard area." And every city has of human need; the carefully planned, educational its impoverished families whose income is less connection between the agencies of the church and than the amount necessary for the maintenance of the agencies of the city; the going forth of con- healthy life. secrated men and women within the church to minister where they are needed, offering their These then are neighbors to us all! varied talents to the varied opportunities; and lastly, and as a natural result, the giving of money MARK A. DAWBER. to support the good causes. Surely this is what any suburban church can do for any city. What we Christians have to give is Christ and NEIGHBORS IN THE SLUMS what we have to tell to this urban world is the It is well to remember that there is probably story of Christ. We want to give to the present more courage to the square foot in the slums than on the avenues. And there is abounding kind- world once again the teaching of Christ. One of ness among the poor. Dickens said, "What the poor mean to the poor only God and the poor the reasons why some of the strong and powerful know." people in our big or little communities have been I remember a man who, coming home after a fruitless quest for work, found an unknown neigh- so hesitant with respect to what their duties are bor's goods upon the sidewalk. The evicted family were just sitting there, dejected and helpless. in a modern world, with its constantly demanding The returning job seeker took the situation in at a glance, rolled a barrel to the middle of the side- social changes, is that they have not paid adequate walk, placed a pan upon it, and appealed to everyone who came along the street. When money attention to the teaching of Jesus Christ. The enough had been secured he searched the neighberhood until he found an available fiat, paid a most sure approach we have to make to the people month's rent in advance, and then recruited a gang of men who moved the household possessions in our churches, when we wish to impress upon them the real significance of what is called the social gospel, is what Jesus himself taught. We begin with the assumption that when the Lord Jesus spoke He knew that He was speaking with authority. We are having to begin to present that argument all over again. I heard one person, who was engaged in the marvelous task of religious education, teaching the Christian religion to chil- dren and young people; one of the first things he told them was that they "should not assume that what Jesus said was right," but that they must hear Him critically. It is a help to me to know that Jesus was right, that He really spoke with authority. J. V. MOLDENHAWER.

MONEY IS MYSELF – IS IT MINE? * How can we raise a generation of men and women who will understand the truth about the stewardship of money? Here is a financial creed for Christians who wish to be good stew- ards: 1. Money is not "filthy lucre"; it is not the "devil's coin"; it is stored-up power. Money is much more than a standard medium of exchange. Money represents coined manhood. The five or ten dollars or more paid me for a day's work represents so much toil of my hand and brain. Through money I can also employ men to toil for me. Thus it sets me free from the limits of place so that I can heal the sick in China, or teach the children of India, or light up the dark places of Africa.

2. My money is mine only in trust; it belongs to God, sinc~I myself belong to Him. He created me, and created wealth. Christ redeemed me-purchased me with His own life- blood.

3. God is expecting me to use this money-this stored-up power-to build His churches and preach His gospel, to train His workers and send them out to teach and heal, and to save His children and help establish His rule of righteousness and brotherhood and peace.

4. To use my income aright so as to please God is one of my first responsibilities as a Chris- tian. Until I make up my mind to do this, my prayers and confessions and claims will be like saying "Lord, Lord," while not doing the will of my Father.

5. God tells me to set aside a definite proportion of my income for His work. By this I acknowledge my debt to God and His sovereignty over all my possessions. By acting on this principle, I also guard against selfishness. Giving away money on impulse and without prayer and regularity is not in harmony with the importance of God's work.

6. The proportion of my income set aside for God's purposes should be not less than one- tenth and may be much more, according to the standard given in the Old Testament. I am re- ceiving far more from God than did the ancient Hebrews or the men of any former generation, and God expects me to give not less than one-tenth and more if I am able, for my debt is great and the need is great.

7. I should seek to use money for God as carefully as I use my resources in my ordinary business. I should study the needs of the Church and the world-wide work of Christ so that I will give wisely. If I give systematically and pray with my giving, God will multiply my gift and bless the results.

8. But money is not only a means of service, it may also be a dangerous weapon. It com- mands so many things that men often forget the real values which it can never purchase: the riches of righteousness, love, happiness, a clear conscience and fellowship with God. Three rich men stand forth in prominence in the Gospel pages. One was a fool who bartered his soul for barns and acres; one was a man hard of heart and blind, who saw neither God nor his beggar brother at his door. The third lacked the courage to leave his wealth and choose the higher good by following Jesus.

9. Money spells opportunity. Today, when money offers men so many chances for self- indulgence, it also brings great opportunities for loving service. Never were doors, at home and abroad, so wide open and so appealing. Never were the forces for education and evan- gelism and Christian service so well organized. Never were there so many men and women waiting to be put into service through the use of money.

10. Money also spells obligation. Not only are the Church and Jesus Christ saying this, but the State is saying it, and so are conscience and common sense. Christian faith and loyal- ty are not shown by those who leave large gifts to heirs who have not earned it, who do not need it, and who cannot be trusted to administer it wisely. But the greatest responsibility is not in leaving money behind when we can no longer use it; the greatest obligation is in the use if it while we live. What a tremendous obligation rests upon the man who has been entrusted with wealth or the ability to get wealth. The war against poverty and suffering and igno- rance and sin is with us all the time; money is one great weapon against these, when entrust- ed to wise heads and loving hearts. It is a powerful means by which my life may be given to God and made more fruitful and beneficial to mankind.

• Adapted from the United Ohurch Reoord.

Ways of

'fested Met1wds for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO NEW HOME MISSION women will have a part in writing the reading up on the subject will BUILDING MATERIAL programs for the eleven meetings of convince you of its significance the year. .. . Mrs. Dan Brummitt, and its possibilities. Program The Department Editor is national vice-president, will plan the handicapped, as always at this lessons and point out "The Skyline of builders will be interested in the City." Bridges in History and Legend, time of the year, by the fact that "Widening Horizons" will be a two- by W. J. and S. R. Watson, a book brimful of poems, stories, the program builders to whom months' study of the fields and projshe usually turns for "Effective quotations, etc. Ask for it at Ways of Working" have not yet ects of the women's missionary enter- your public library." (Suggested prise of the M. E. Church:. this 'U!i~l include both home and !oretgn actwt- had opportunity to familiarize ties. for reference only.) themselves with the new study "New Horizons in Christian Relabooks and incorporate them into "The function of bridges may workable plans in time for the tiohs" will be a two-months' study of be described as the starting of a June issue, copy for which must the missionary work of the women of stream of human traffic hitherto be sent weeks in advance of pub- the M. E. Church South and the Meth- impossible; the surmounting of lication. Some of the denomina- odist Protestant Church. This is to a barrier, the linking up of two tional magazines ann 0 u n c e give understanding and preparation worlds divided by a gulf." (Enfrankly that "While information for future relationships with all the cyclopredia. ) as to themes and titles of text- women of United Methodism. books can be furnished, the "There can be little doubt that study courses cannot be ready An Achievements Poster upon which in many ways the story of bridge earlier than June." Hence it goals accomplished may be marked building is the story of civilizawill be necessary to supplement will again be included in the study tion." (Franklin D. Roosevelt.) 'our material on the Home Mis- course. sion topic, "The City," with Most of these programs verify other timeless plans which can Bridges the theme in that they disregard be adapted to any program pres- the invidious distinction between entation, and await the harvest This has been chosen for the the "home" and the "foreign" from summer conferences for theme of the women of the sections of the world-field and more specific outlines. Northern Baptist Convention present a blended and unified for 1938-39. It is a particularly theme. Much abbreviated, they "Forward Looking Plans" fertile and adaptable one. run as follows: Under this title Woman's The builder who first bridged Ni- THE INTER-BOROUGH BRIDGE Home Missions says: agara's gorge, The Bridge which Connects Our Before he swung his cable shore to City with God's City shore, "A Prayer for the City," from Sent out across the gulf his venturing kite Bearing a slender cord for unseen hands To grasp upon a farther cliff and draw The ,Forward Looking Committee A greater cord, and then a greater Prayers of the Social Awakenfelt that the task they faced this year yet; ing, by Rauschenbusch. was somewhat different from that of former committees. Naturally, they Till' at last across the chasm swung Ten-minute Talk, "The City" should be forward looking in offering The cable-then the mighty bridge in (its growth in the last decades, plans for the year's study in methods its importance in our civilization and achievement. They should also air. today. The sociology teacher in cultivate a spirit of readiness for new So we may send our little timid near-by high school or college adjustments that would help every would have material for rewoman to look farther in her own mis- thought sponse. See "City Man," chapsionary service and relationship than Across the void, out to God's reaching ters 1 and 2). she has ever done before. "New Horizons" therefore was the theme chosen hands, Ten-minute Talk, "What Our for the coming year. Send out our love and faith to thread Church Can Do for the City" (t h r 0 ugh establishing new Mrs. Merle English, secretary of the deep, churches, through the Christian Wesleyan Service Guild and a mem- Thought after thought until the little ber of the "Spiritual Life Committee cord Has greatened to a chain no chance can break, And-we are anchored to the Infinite!

EDWIN MARKHAM.

will write the devotional book, "New "If on first thought 'Bridges' Center, by helping our bilingual Horizons in Worship." Conference women, missionaries, seems an unusual theme for mis- neighborhood church. If you sionary programs, even a hasty live in a city secure a map and national officers and local auxiliary [301 ]

locate the projects of its city means the professors as well. every woman into the church, in mission work). Education must be evangelized." friendship, getting our neigh- Ten-minute devotional. (The Bible begins in a garden but (E. Stanley Jones.) bors, in evangelism, getting the soon drives man out. It then tells about cities. It ends with Panel Discussion: Why Is strength of united effort in orthe City of God coming down out of heaven. Gen. 1: 1-5, 27-31. Education a Legitimate Interest ganized missionary work, to get Amos 5: 4-24. Rev. 2'1: 1-7. Pray that our cities may become of a MissionarySociety? (Choose power for all in Jesus Christ God's cities.) at least five intelligent persons (the devotional). THE PEACE BRIDGE seated around a table discussing ON THE BRIDGE The Bible in Many Languages this question. They might con- Missionaries, reaching the sider (1) need of trained work- This program is on the responpeople, had to become the philologists and translators of the ers in local churches, (2) train- sibility of each individual for world, in order to supply the Bible. Thus they built the lexi- ing of future lay readers in our Christian Citizenship. It lends cons and grammars and translated the Bible into over 100 lan- home mission fields, (3) need of itself especially well to another guages in Africa and more than a score in India-more than 600 trained native leaders in the for-'" consideration of "The City." A living languages the world over today. Thus they surmounted eign field, (4) our contribution round table discussion on "The the lingual barriers and built bridges of intercommunication as (insert name of the denomina- Needs of Your Community" is and possible understanding. tion) to denominational schools suggested, with sub-topics as Through the printed word, inclusive of magazines and papers, in America, our educational follows: we are helping to build the foundations for Christian literature work abroad, to union Christian (1) The Temperance Advocatein lands where reading will be colleges. Other suggestions are What is being done in temperance one of the chief methods of edu- (1) a reception to the graduates education, the number of local places cation. Acts 2: 5-12. Psalm 19: 1-4. Dan. 7: 13, 14. in the local church, (2) presenta- dispensing liquor, etc. t I·On f the work f th e IocaI st u- Ar(e2)thTehekinMd ootifonpicPtiucrteusreshSowcnouitn- Five-minute talks on (a) the your community the kind you want American Indian Bible, (b) the 0 0 young people to see? etc. Spanish Bible, (c) the Burmese Bible, (d) Bible translations into dent counsellor, (3) arousing the language of India. interest in some near-by denom- Review the work of the Com- inational college.) (3) The Reporter on Gamblingmittee on Christian Literature Closing prayer for youth What is being done to obliterate it for Women and Children in Mission Fields, as this is the project around the world. This program locally? for the World Day of Prayer. Iends 1·tseIf to theCl·ty t heme. you(4r ) grTohuep, Pyeoaucer cPormompaugnaitnyd,istta-kinIgs In advance, ask the member- THE SILVER BRIDGE part in the study of international reship to bring Bibles in other lan- This is a meeting for exhibi- lations? In the Peace Movement? guages. tion of White Cross gifts (for mission hospital work) , and (5) The Member of the League of THE BRIDGE IN BUILDING Women Voters-The voter's obliga- tion in community and national af- Our Students suggests that they be arranged fairs. "The Christian Church must set· its own house in order and as for a shower, with ribbon tied THE OLD COVERED BRIDGE get ready for the greatest crisis to each hidden gift. Give each in history. . . . It must win the Village Work in India students. The students have member a ribbon and let her changed. Never have they been hunt for the "shower gift." On With masses of India crossing more open and responsive than each gift has been fastened a tag the bridge from ignorance and now to a message that is sincere, containing a fact or two about superstition to new life, the topic real and adequate. . We must the missionary for whom it is in- symbolizes the old ways giving launch a" nation-wide movement tended, the tags to be taken home place to the new. to win the high school, the college, the university students to as souvenirs. When all packages 1. Describe life in villages of India. have been found, group them ac- 2. Review work of our Christian centhe Christian Way. And this cording to their destination ready for presentation by the ters in that country. president to the guests of honor 3. Ten-minute discussion of the values (impersonated by members of of Christian centers in rural com- the society), each such "guest" munities. responding with an account of 4. Moving picture or stereoptic·on lec- her work and the joy the gifts ture on "Village Life in India." 5. Base devotionals on the villages in which Christ lived and worked.

will bring. A summer Christ- THE TOWER BRIDGE mas tree or an umbrella ar- ranged like a tree with gifts tied The Ministry of Healing a Tower on may be substituted. of Strength to All Nations Prayer that the gifts may Arrange program specific to bridge the distance and carry the medical mission work of the love of Jesus to those receiv- your denominaton, having "A ing the articles. Consultation of Doctors in In- dia," contrasting hospital work THE SWING BRIDGE used by missionary pioneers and ours today, impersonating actual HTo-geth-er-to-get-her"

This may consist of five-min- medical missionaries nQW Qn ute talks in regard to getting their felds.. etc.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

THE FOOT BRIDGE books, to be hunted for and read "I also knew a Methodist; He couldn't sing, he said. It Connects Our Neighbor's when all are found. He'd holler 'glory' loud enough, Home with Ours The missions end of the en- To almost raise the dead. "Seeing You r Neighbor," velope tells the story of life But as to his apportionment, "Loving Your Neighbor," "The Neighbor's Response," might be abundant or its lack. Though his barns were waxtopics under which to consider Stewardship ought not to be ing fat, this theme, the last being by women in the old-world costume thought of primarily in terms of His s h 0 uti n g wasn't loud and the new. enough possessions. Neither can it be thought of apart from posses- To ever help raise that!

sions. Charity that begins at home, THE TOLL BRIDGE and stays. at home, dies of close "God bends from heaven above confinement. . A Visualization.of the Budget and says: MARION LAWRANCE. 'I gave thee the gift of Life; On a map of the world mark *** Art thou not blessed in many your location and church, then William Allen White, in mak- ways?

from this take bright ribbons to ing a magnificent gift to human- Are my heaven and earth at the countries in which your home ity, said that there are three strife?

and foreign missionaries are la- kicks in every dollars: one kick I gave thee of my seed to sow; boring, giving number of mis- when you earn it; one when you Bring thou Me thy hundredsionaries in each country, the save it; and one when you give fold.' high lights of their work, etc., it away. *** Can I look up with face aglow closing with a meditation on And answer, 'Father, here is "Are We Faithful Stewards." Give more if you would have gold?' " Opening of gift boxes. more, Spend less and you will want *** THE INVISIBLE BRIDGE Time: A recent Sunday morn- less, "Christ – the Invisible Bridge Keep all and you will lose all. ing. Place: A near-by drug store. that Leads from Earth MAE ROTHROCK. Customer: "Give me change for a dime, please." to Heaven" *** Clerk: "Certainly, and I hope Reading of Longfellow's poem One of the biggest and short- you enjoy the sermon!" on "Follow Me." est sermons ever preached was *** Solo, "Were You There When that by Dean Swift on an occa- They Crucified My Lord ?" sion when a special appeal was Dramatization-"The Proces- being made for funds. The The Miser: sion of the Ages," covering wom- Bishop of London had been in- "Pity that poor old man whose en of Christ's day, saints of the vited to give the sermon of the golden store, middle ages, frontier women, occasion, but when he failed to If stacked, were high as foreign-speaking neighbors in appear, Dean Swift was called yonder minaret; America today, women of other upon. He mounted the pulpit Yea, pity him; he covets lands, women of the Church to- and said, "My text is, 'He that more and moreday, etc. (This is to be secured giveth to the poor lendeth to the His soul has never had a from Baptist state promotion Lord.' Those who believe in the birthday yet." offices, but could readily be im- security, down with the cash!" *** -From "The Window of provised as desired by those out- Y. W. A."

side the denomination.) "We can do more than we've The Secret of Power The suggestion is made that ever done, this meeting be held in the form And not feel a whit the The secret of Christianity is of a Spring Breakfast, asking worse; that you can have Power if you women to respond briefly to the Loving never emptied a heart, are willing to accept Jesus Christ topics of Love, Joy, Peace, Go- Nor did giving empty a as a Lord and yield the absolute ing, Coming, Getting, the last purse." allegiance to him. Do you think talk being on "Christ." Each *** St. Francis or Luther or Carey woman lights a candle in a "Once I knew a Baptist; or Wesley did what they did in seven-branched candlestick as He had a pious look, their own power? These men she finishes, the central candle He had been wholly im- were certain that they did not. representing Christ. mersed- And so were Moody and Philips Sayings on the Subject Except his pocketbook. Brooks. So in fact are all those of Giving He'd put a nickel on the plate who really produce abiding re- And then with might and sults. One and all, they say, "It Arrange the s e attractively main is God who worketh in us." And and let members of the circle He'd sing, 'When we asunder God will work in you if you de- read them. They may be in a part sire to have him.

basket, on flowers, or hidden in It gives us inward pain.' ROBERT W. SEARLE.

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BULLETIN Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, Nmv YORK, N. Y.

——-~·-.–I~ THE CITY AND OLD face the inevitable and do all in ting acquainted. The Indian our power to help in the adjust-" school and the missionaries could AMERICANS ments which must be made. help by letting city churches know where their people "go There is much discussion re- Although the majority of the garding "minority g r 0 ups." into town" to live; then be will- Who are they? A Mashpee Indian young men and women ing to go nine-tenths of the way. (American) ,Indian boy on Cape from the schools return to their The Indians are reserved and Cod was refused work recently home communities or take posibecause he was an alien. An fear they are not wanted. Give Oneida woman in Milwaukee tions in the government service them a place in the church and was asked how long it was since there are many who are seeking a share in its work. Do not treat her people came to this country. education, professional or busi- them as novelties. They make She answered, "several years"; ness training or work in the not wishing, she told me, to em- true and loyal friends and it is barrass those kind white ladies towns and cities near or far worth much effort to secure this by telling them who she really from the reservations. In some loyalty and friendship for our- s tat e s, Oklahoma especially, selves and our churches. was! many Indian families live in the "But how do they happen to As proof of what can be done towns which have grown up on we can look at the clubs of Inbe in the cities?" is a question their former reservations. They dian girls in City Y. W. C. A.'s. often asked. And the next one are at home and yet are pracis, "Are there any in my town?" The oldest club in the Oakland, For many years some of us have tically strangers in these new California, Association is the had countless opportunities of communities. Children are en- Four Winds Club. Reno, Neintroducing our friends to the tering into all phases of public aliens among whom they as a vada, has two clubs, the newest minority group have come to school life but few of them have one for the Indian girls in public find work and to live in the found their pIa c e in the school. The Los Angeles Club is strange new world which has churches. grown up on old camp grounds perhaps the oldest. It was where the deer and the buffalo Studies of various kinds and around 25 years ago that Cynare no more. Why do they come? in various cities have been made thia Big Tree was president. regarding their Indian citizens Years ago I asked Miss Julia Her husband posed for the Lathrop what we could do to and transient dwellers. The statue, "The End of the Trail," keep Indian young people from most complete is that made by but as he had short hair, Cynthia going to the cities. "Nothing," Mr. G. E. E. Lindquist, of the posed for the long braids. They she answered quickly, "Why Society for the Propagation of should they differ from any were beautiful as she presided at young people in feeling the lure the Gospel, of Oklahoma City, the club meetings. Syracuse, of the city?" This was even be- with the cooperation of the Min- New York, has the most eastern fore the movies were as wide- isterial Alliance, the Y. M. C. A., spread as they are now, with of these clubs, which are to be their pictures of the wealth and the Y. W. C. A., and the Indian found in many cities east, west, wonders of the city, and before Service Employment officers. It north and south. Then there drouth and dust bowls and grass- is impossible to give even a sum- are the cities in which the Inhoppers were driving all before mary of the report in this arthem. dian girls have become so much ticle, but it shows that other a part of the community and the Miss Lathrop did not mean cities should be studied in the Association that they join clubs that we should not make every same manner, and ways opened effort to keep Indian Youth from and classes with girls of all races the economic struggle to which by which the churches can serve and no longer feel happier in they were wholly unaccustomed, this group. It was found that segregating themselves. but she did mean that we must the majority of the Indians in Oklahoma City were members of This transition from segrega- the Mission churches at their tion to complete friendliness homes-the very missions prob- with all, is taking place in the ably to which these city churches public schools and should con- were contributing. tinue and increase. But most of What can be done about it? all it should be encouraged and First, look about you-a scien- fostered in our town and city tific study or just a friendly get- churches. There are few reser- [304 ]

BULLETIN: COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

vations left; the number of "full and an appeal from an American opposite a great school center. blood" Indians will continue to citizen brought action. Then, I Disquieting rumors of events godecrease. They are fellow citi- ing on in the school were conzens, fellow Christians with all found that the property was stantly brought to the men and our church people. Let us do owned by one of the large women of the community. Peoour part in making them feel ple spoke of the high school and that all are one in Christ. schools in the East-a Christian shook their heads. Some of the college which sounds a fine mes- leading officers of the church Prepared by Miss Edith M. Dabb, member sage of social reform; I found, sent their boys away to acadof the Committee on Indian Work of the too, that this was one of the emies. But what about poorer Home Missions Council and the Council of school's investments which had families who could not afford W'omen for Home Missions. never paid. There are other private schools? Had the' church any obligation for these chil- Making Your City God's City problems in connection with bet- dren? In our country with its ter housing. Recently elaborate separation of church and state, Did you ever think what housing programs in many cities has the church performed its your city would be like if it were have replaced slums with large full duty to the school by its God's City? Sunday services in the commu- spacious buildings, but have they nity? John, the Apostle, had such a ministered to the need of poor vision on a Sunday afternoon people, or made a little more God's city will be a city of long ago-a vision not alone of comfort for families of the mid- neighborliness. Many an urban his city but of all the world. dle class? Is Italy making more dweller of today might ask the "The kingdoms of this world are progress in housing than Amer- age-old question of the lawyerbecome the kingdoms of our "and who is my neighbor?" I Lord and of his Christ, and he ica? What must your city do to live in a community of 5,000 peoshall reign forever and forever." house its people in a way com- ple, housed in two blocks. After It was a distraught world that six months there, I am ac- John faced. His own city, mensurate with abundant liv- quainted with only two of the Ephesus, was rich and beautiful. ing? 5,000 people, and I have met It contained one of the greatest them in connections outside the libraries in the world and a uni- If your city is to be God's city, community. In earlier days oldversity which was a famed cen- it must have every provision to fashioned neighborliness solved ter of Greek culture. But John many relief and health problems. knew also of the distressing need make sick people well and to Are our substitutes today as efof its poor people, of the many keep well people from getting fectual? youth in that city who had no sick. What wonderful things opportunity for abundant life. God's city will be a city of Was he thinking of his city on philanthropists and doctors have that Sunday afternoon when in done for the poor of our genera- w 0 r s hip. We do not lack a vision he saw "The new Jeru- tion! What fine laws we have salem, coming down from God, to help maintain health! But churches in our cities.. If you out of heaven, made ready as a even yet the middle-class man bride adorned for her husband" ; who cannot lay claim to a free will look out of the window as and when he heard voices say- hospital bed must spend in a ing, "The tabernacle of God is few months of illness the earn- you ride along on the train, you with men, and he shall dwell ings of a lifetime-his security with them and they shall be his will be surprised how often on peoples"? Have you, a Chris- for old age. tian of today, any such vision of the skyline, the steeple or the your city becoming God's city? God's city must be a place of economic justice. First Avenue, tower of a church may be seen. In God's city abundant life must be possible for everyone. with its lines of miserable tene- Exquisite in architecture are Can that be true in the housing ments leans heavily against the the churches in our cities. But conditions of your city? "You beautiful modern buildings of what proportion of the people in can kill a man as easily with a the city attend those churches on house as with a pistol, only the Second Avenue. anyone Sunday? How far does process is longer and more pain- There are other forms· of jus- the influence of the Master reach ful," someone has said. A few outside the walls of those years ago, in calling among some tice in the city of God: political churches to the children playing Italian friends, I found them liv- justice, legal justice. Does your on the streets, to the brokening in a tenement the sanitary hearted or distraught cooped up condition of which was so un- city boast of these? What a in apartments near by? It is wholesome that it was affecting dream Israel had when the peo- not more churches or more beauthe health of all the families liv- ple believed that their God might tiful buildi~gs that we need, for ing there. Intensely disturbed be their king, and that their worship, but more of the spirit by the dreadful condition, I ap- prophet who guided their actions of the Christ. "And I, if I be pealed to the Board of Health, on earth might be God's repre- lifted up, will draw all men unto me." How can you make your sentative. Will we ever have city God's city? political justice until some of that conception comes to Amer- Prepared by Miss Alice W . .s. Brimson, ican cities? member of the Executive Committee of the If your city is to be God's city, Council of Women for Home Missions.

it will be a community where education is carried on in a way to lead young lives into rich, in- telligent social living. In a cer- tain city, a large church was just

r OUJM!n?:~~;sp';!~:cu5?t~~Ok

~~~J~.I~,===============–==E=D=IT=E=D=B=Y==M=R=S'=H==EN=R=I=ET=T=A=H=='_F=ER=G=U=S=ON_,_X==EN=I=A_,_O=H=IO==================~ AFRICA when the waiting room is full at an end by the Italian conquest, Medical Work in Morocco 7: 30 in the morning. a party of the workers were Conquest by Healing tells the "Each morning w hen the '. able to take up their quarters story of the beginnings of med- women have gathered we have a in Khartoum with a view to ical work for women and chil- short service of prayer, gospel starting fresh work in an entire- dren in Fez. In 1888, Miss teaching and hymn-singing. The ly new field on the Ethiopian women generally listen well; we border, in the Anglo-Egyptian Emma Herdman, of the North know that some of them come Sudan.

Africa Mission came to Fez to only to hear the teaching, and A considerable delay has oc- start work. There were no make the need of medicine an curred before any effective work roads, 0 n I y cam e I or mule excuse for coming. After this can be done, but now, after the little service we take about twen- necessary negotiations h a v e tracks; no inns or hotels. Trav- ty-five women into the dispen- been concluded, permission has elers were obliged to car r y sary and attend to their ail- been given by the Sudan Gov- ments. Teaching and hymn-sing- ernment for a station to be everything they required. Miss ing goes on in the waiting room opened in the Maban tribe, at a Herdman and her two compan- with those who are left behind place called Boin. The area ions had to consent to being accompanied by a Moorish soldier, till the first lot have passed out north of this is dominated by as a sign of authority for the by a second door. There are not Mohammedanism, and permis- great results to be seen from all sion has not been given to beundertaking. He was so old and this fifty years' work; but we gin work there. Permission is infirm that the ladies had to believe that the old Indian Mo- being sought to open a mission help him mount his horse, but hammedan was right when he for the K 0 mat rib e. The said, 'In the Day of Resurrec- Maban and Koma people have he served as notice to all they might meet that they were un- tion many Christians will arise much in common. They are pader protection of the government. from Moslem graves.' " gan, wholly uninfluenced by Mo- When they arrived in Fez, Unusual Methods hammedanism. they found that no one would The difficulties that have to be rent them a house, so they had to put up with a caravanserai. Here is the way one foreign overcome are the cost of maih- Later, the Sultan let it he known missionary in Africa obtains a taining a base so far from civithat anyone who wished to rent hearing for the Gospel message. lization, the hardships of travel, them a house had nothing to fear the home building problem and from the government. S 0 0 n The natives were timid, and not learning the unwritten lanafter that Miss Herdman and easily approached, so when mis- guages.-The Christian. her fellow workers opened a dis- sionaries trek softly through the pensary, which is still going on. For several years, two days were jungle to a cluster of huts there Uganda After Sixty Years given to men; now, there is only is usually a quick exodus of the Women's Dispensary. Miss S. M. Denison has this to say women and children in panic at Prebendary W. Wilson Cash, of the work: sight of a white face. Cupping Secretary of the Church Mis- sionary Society, closed an evan- "There are now s eve r a I his hands over his mouth the gelistic mission in Uganda with French Government Dispensa- missionary shouts after them; a sermon in the great Namirries and two Hospitals for na- "Have you heard the goo d embe Cathedral, with over 2,000 tives in the city, but this has news?" Fern i n i n e curiosity reverent Africans pre sen t. not lessened the numbers of causes them to halt cautiously, Looking down from the pulpit those who come to us. We still and the speaker adds, "About have from 800 to 1,000 patients God's Son?" This has often he saw, in review, the work of each month. There would be proved to be the beginning of a sixty years of the Uganda Mismore if we could manage to at- new group of believers.-Alli- sion. Here are some of his imtend to a greater number; each ance Weekly. pressions: day people are turned away New Field of Work (1) Every tribe in Uganda was represented at the service, When the promising work of tribes that for hundreds of years the Sudan Interior Mission in had been incessantly at war. Ethiopia was rudely brought to (2) All the people present [306 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

were free, men and women. man was referring to a solar great family, and cook their Forty chiefs had liberated every eclipse of a few years before. meals around the same fires. slave because they were fellow- This proved to be the case, and Often a patient comes with his Christians. he was greatly interested in the whole family, that he may have scientific explanation. The mis- company along the way. (3) Many in the congregation sionary then went on to say that had formerly been haunted by he had come to tell him of the At the larger hospitals are superstition, had tried to propi- true God, who made the sun, training schools for nurses, and tiate evil spirits by human sac- and the moon (which they call here the mission has an imporrifices; now they all worshiped the sun's wife); as well as the tant part to play. If a native God as revealed in Christ. stars, the world, trees and nurse has not been brought up rivers; the God who, in His under the influence of the mis- (4) This self-supporting and love, had given His Son for our sion and learned to know Jesus self-governing c h u r c h raises salvation. A young man who Christ, the chances are that he more than 9,000 pounds every had listened intently, said: "The will degenerate into a practitionyear for the maintenance and old men in this country would er, doing things not much differextension of its work. greatly rejoice if you would ex- ent from the old witch-doctors. plain this affair to them. It Christianity has indeed taken would be well for you to tell us -Congo Mission News. root in Uganda, and church about the true God." members are reaching out in all Greater Freedom in Angola directions to witness for Christ. Medicine in the Bush They have carried the Gospel His Excellency, the Governor not only to all parts of Uganda, Modern medicine in the Con- General of Angola, in reply to but members are serving as mis- go is being practiced along sev- an appeal by the missions for a sionaries in the Sudan, the Bel- eral lines. There are the hospi- ruling on the question of evangian Congo, the Pigmy Forest, tals in large centers, for the na- gelism, in which work they have in Ruanda and Urundi. Recent- tive as well as for the white been hindered by officials in ly, some men walked 300 miles population; the bush station certain parts of Angola, has sent to appeal for more missionaries. hospitals; the rural dispensa- the following communication: They were not thinking of white ries and the visits of doctors and men but of Africans as mission- sanitary agents in the villages. "Doubts have arisen as to aries for their fellow-Africans. whether foreign missionaries The large hospitals compare may do evangelistic work out- -C. M. S. Outlook. quite favorably with the average side of mission stations journey- hospital in Europe; and the ing through the native villages. When God Died rural dispensaries where native It is understood that as evangel- nurses are in charge might be ism is the way in which mis- R. V. Reynolds, a writer for compared with first-aid stations. sionaries propagate their reli- World Dominion, visited the The bush station hospital serves gion, they may, as many as are Marakwet tribe in Kenya, a as a sort of approach in reach- competent for such work, carry region which, so far as he knew, ing the native sick. These latter on such among natives in their had not previously been visited are usually in the charge of mis- settlements." by' any missionary. An old man sion doctors, and are carried on said to him: "I am very much as regular missionary w 0 r k; This permISSIOn does not puzzled over God's death." Al- and while the greater part of mea n that missionaries may most as much puzzled as the old the work is done for the natives, build, or own houses for evanman, Mr. Reynolds asked, "Did there is always a certain amount gelistic work in the villages. God really die?" "Oh, yes," was to be done for other mission- That would require special authe answer, "several seasons ago a r i e s, and occasionally for thorization. at the second hour of the day white traders. At these bush God became very ill and died." hospitals, the x-ray, special lab- -World Dominion Press. As he said this he indicated the oratory procedures, all the modtime by pointing where the sun ern mechanical appliances and Education of Women would be at eight o'clock in the sometimes even electric lights morning. He was then asked are in most cases things to be "Educate a man you educate whether God remained dead. desired, but not obtained. an individual, but educate a "No," said he, "after a while he woman and you educate a famgot better and came to life A bush hospital is a very ily." This axiom governs the again; but I am overcome to democratic p I ace. Here are Native Administration Commisknow about this affair. It is a gather.ed· people of many tribes sion in regard to the education bad thing when God dies; so and languages. Knowing that of women in South Africa. The many things go wrong. Locusts they may have to stay some time Commission urges a more thorcome, and famine." at the hospital, they bring with ough training of women teach- them things to work with, such ers, the establishment of more Remembering that this tribe as the making of mats, baskets, primary schools, the opening up has an undue reverence for the etc. They live together as one of secondary education to girls, sun, amounting almost to sun- the training of nurses and teachworship, it occurred to the mis- ers of domestic science; also, sionary that possibly the old the thorough teaching of domes- tic arts in all schools for girls.

However, the Commission turns tiniest village may have a place American missionary organizathe cold shoulder to the idea of of meeting. co-education, in spite of the suc- tions are at work there, the cess of the Church of Scotland Here is an extract from a let- largest single cultural and reli- School in Kikuyu. ter of one of Mr. Gale's con- gious investment being the Jeru- -South African Outlook. verts: salem Y. M. C. A.

The Malagasy Church "We think of the work of the The fact that the work in Gospel achieved here by our fa- Who Are the Alaouites? Madagascar continues to progress in spite of the fewness of ther. More than a hundred A sect of Islam, followers of European workers there indicates that the Malagasy have de- churches he has built in our Ali, are known as Alaouites. veloped considerably of late in the matter of self-control and land, and year by year each of They are illiterate, and under self-support. these churches beheld his face the bondage of powerful over- The 14th of August last was and heard ~rom his own lips the lords. From these people came the centenary of the death of Word of LIfe. W~er~ver. there . patients to the Kennedy Memo- Rasalama, the first Malagasy Christian martyr. The whole of was a human habItatIOn In the '> rial Hospital in Tripoli, and to the Malagasy Protestant Church remembered this great event in Marofotsy land.. even to the them went evangelists to follow the i r church history. About 40,000 people gathered on the smallest hut bUIlt of grass and up the contacts made in the hoss pot w her e Rasalama was speared to death, remembering leaves, the;re he stooped to.enter pital. Young women from the with gratitude her faith and all that it had meant to them; and that. he mIght lead our trIbe to Junior College tried for several at the same time proving that her death had not been in vain. ChrIst. He showed l?ve to the summers to raise the social level The task of the Malagasy most debased, and kIndness to of the women in a needy Alaou- Church is one of the first mag- those who ,oppose<l: the Gospel, ite village. Throughout the ennitude. A spirit of materialism and nationalism is affecting the that. he mIght brIng them to tire district colporteurs toured, life and outlook of the people, C~rIst. ~ar G,od se.nd us a man giving out portions of the Scripand additional w 0 r k e r s are WIth a spIrIt lIke ,hIS. M,ay the tures, and proclaiming Christ. greatly needed. work of redempb?n wh~ch he Pastors worked from two cen- be.gal!, be accomplIshed. I~ our ters, and later the British Syria Friends Service C.ounsel. trIbe. -World Domtnwn. Mission sent a nurse evangelist, Church Planting in WESTERN ASIA and a young convert from Islam. Madagascar Following all this seed-sowing, W. Kendall Gale after leading Hard Pressed Palestine the Presbyterian Mission has some of the Malagasy people, opened a new center in Massyaf, step by step, to a realization of Writing in the New York Sun a government center to which sin, and from that to a Saviour on "The Truth About Palestine," Alaouites come to transact their from sin, asks: "Would you like Mr. Phelps Adams says that business. Except for the family to have a church and learn more four opposing elements are in of the evangelist, not a single about God and this Jesus; to the unfortunate clash in the Christian lived in this town of know what is really sin that you Holy Land, One is the pressure 3,000. may not be wrong before Him, of 16,000,000 Jews seeking to and about the way of salvation make Palestine their national Within two months the evanand eternal life?" home; another, the 100,000,000 gelist had made amazingprog- Arabs who know that the coun- ress. He had gained the friend- An eager "Yes" is the usual try is too small to accommodate ship of the best people and of response, for these are strange all the oppressed Jews in the government officials. His wife things they have heard and they world today; the third, the had enlightened the women in wish to know more. Then out British Empire, which finds Pal- various phases of family welcomes a sheet of paper; every estine essential as a military fare. Already, there is marked name is taken down, with age base in the eastern Mediterra- improvement in behavior, cleanand name of village. French law nean and fourth, the expanding liness and a spirit of helpfulpermits worship in a hut, if ten Italian Empire. The situation ness. Here is pioneer evangeladult si2'natures are secured (or is complicated by the ambiguous ism that promises large returns. crosses in lieu of signatures). promises made to both Jews and Eighty signatures assures the -Syria News Quarterly. erection of a church, so that the Arabs. In return for Arab aid Christianity in Iran to the Allied cause, the British promised to recognize Arab in- Rev. H. H. Riggs, accompa- dependence; while to the Jews nied by representatives of the they promised to establish for Near East Christian Council, them a national home in Pales- the British and Foreign Bible tine. Thus the final fate of Pal- Society, World's Sunday School estine depends upon reconciling Association and some other or- these two promises, or the vic- ganizations, made a visit to the tory of one of these four oppos- missions of Iran, and has record- ing forces. ed some of their impressions.

About 10,000 Americans are First in importance was the living in Palestine, of whom unity of s p i r it noticeable 9,000 are American Jews. Eight throughout the country between

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the missionaries and members There is ready sale for the Bible, good. Women from the four of the local c h u r-c he s; also and small groups of people are corners of India came to the among the different elements of meeting regularly to study it in latest session in Nagpur. The the Iranian Churches. An evi- many places. resolutions dealt with primary dence of this unity was seen in The Bishop of Iran gives a education, the main emphasis a communion service attended typical incident. being for free and compulsory by the group. The five elders "About two years ago nine education throughout the land, were an Assyrian, a Kurd, an people came to an important and that these primary schools American, an Armenian and a town and were accepted by the be open to both boys and girls Hebrew Christian. The same church council the r e as in- of every caste and religion. Res- spirit was seen in many of the quirers. Last autumn a colpor- olutions on soc i a I questions churches visited. In some of teur visited the place, to find formed another large group.

these the majority of the mem- about twenty men who all con- Subjects dealt wit h included bers of the church are converts fessed .to their faith in Christ. rural uplift, condition of women from non-Christian religions of They said that no one had been in jails, prohibition, d rug s, Iran, but in perfect fellowship out to visit them, and that they cruelty to animals, equal rights with them are others whose an- had not been able to get teach- for women, age of marriage and cestors have for centuries been ing; and so they had decided to many other things.

Christians. While in some places appoint one of themselves as a The conference stands square- differences of language have led leader, and to obtain a sp€cial ly for prohibition and for peace.

to separate churches, act u a I place, to which they could in- Here is a message from Nagpur union in some others and the co- vite new inquirers." for American women: "We are operation of all these different The newspaper Iran reports a convinced that increasing armaelements everywhere, are proof great advance in adult educa- ments of warfare by land, sea of the strength of the Christian tion. In June last there were and air, and the harnessing of movement in Iran. 1,597 classes and an enrolment the knowledge of science for the Another striking fact in the of 93,371. The Institute of purpose of destruction are not Preaching and Public Speaking going to bring peace to a strickchurch situation in Iran is an received 4'00 students. Primary en world. We feel that it is element of both strength and school enrolment also increased through the weapons of love weakness. Relatively few of the by 15,255, and that of middle alone that a new order can be churches have full-time ordained schools by 3,271. Teheran Uni- ushered in. Standing on the ministers; but the leadership of versity enrolled 1,549 students, the Church is nevertheless Iran- of whom 86 were girls. Boy threshold of another year we ian as to administration, and Scouts are popular and number dedicate ourselves to non-viomuch of the preaching is being 18,354. lence in thought, word and deed, and appeal to women throughout done by laymen who feel that the world to join hands with us, the responsibility rests upon INDIA, BURMA, SIAM for we are confident that this them. doctrine alone can quell the de- sire for possession, can save the The visitors were also im- All-India Women's Conference nations from racial jealousies pressed by the fact that while and communal strife, and pro- Thirteen years ago the Di- tect humanity from oppression some converts had been cast off rector of Public Instruction in and exploitation." by family and friends, for others Bengal called on the women of the acceptance of Christianity India to "tell us with one voice -World Call. had not necessitated a break of what they want, and keep on family ties; and few seemed to telling it until they get it." This Woman's Place question the right of any indi- challenge led to the formation of the All-India Women's Con- Woman's place is not in the vidual to choose the religion he ference, which has from its be- home in rural India; it is in the thought to be the true one.

Inquiring. Minds in Iran ginning concerned itself with field, to supplement the family education and social reform. income. In the rainy season Better roads, more rap i d Political activity is taboo. The when field work is impossible, transit, increasing number of Conference has been laughed at she has her only chance to break schools, a wider outlook through and called futile, but has accom- the monotony of her life by gosnewspapers and new freedom plished a great deal. No one can siping with her neighbors. "Cotfor women, all are having their estimate how much it has helped tag~ Industries" seemed to be influence in opening the minds to shape public opinion. the answer. A special fund proof Iranian villagers. With these There are now 118 branches vided by three rural missions changes has come a spirit of in- scattered over India. The an- paid for the training of a teachquiry, followed by a readiness nual meetings of these branches er and she in turn taught three to listen to the Gospel. Public have d eve lop e d leadership g i r I s what she herself had preaching is not permitted ex- among women, trained them in learned. Two of them, with a cept in the few villages where public speaking and in service. Bible woman, went to a near-by there is a church, but Iranian Women of all religions plan and village to teach the women some Christians may teach their faith. work together for the common simple crafts, while the third

stayed at home to teach her the depressed classes, and social that one of its number has been neighbors. At the end of the six reforms on many other lines. appointed as Chairman. He has weeks' experiment a number of long been recognized as an able women not only had tangible re- The thought of educated peo- and responsible statesman. His sults of their efforts in handi- ple is arrested, and centers for wife has also been honored by work, but passed a creditable the cultivation of deeper spir- being chosen President of the examination on the Gospel of ituality are multiplying. There All-India Christian Association. Mark, which had been taught are multitudes of followers who them as they sat weaving. The are reading the Bible and other -The Indian Witness. whole project turned out to be a Christian literature who do not "seven days wonder" to the com- call themselves Christian, but Industrial Project at Cossipors munity. who are influenced by His life and teaching. The India Industrial Mission -Presbyterian Board News. Beautiful churches, 0 f ten at Cossipors, which is training Century's Work for Girls somewhat adapted to Indian ar- chitecture, are r i sin g every- ~elf-supporting evangelists, has An ancient Ahmednagar prov- where. Many congregations are erb said: "A woman's wisdom seated on the floor in Indian sent out a traveling workshop should not extend beyond the style, and use Indian music and oven"; and an Indian gentleman Indian forms. Christian gather- wit h f 0 u r trained mechanic was heard to remark: "To teach ings are notable for order, cleana donkey is just as possible as to liness and attractiveness of ap- preachers. It undertakes to reteach a woman." The refuta- parel, especially notable among tion of this idea can be seen in the women. Many village wom- pair metal work, overhaul mathe 76 girls who have just en come to meetings with bright passed their examination at colored or clean white saris. The chinery, do general repairs in Ahmednagar Girls' High School, men and boys show commendaas well as in the happy homes ble care in their appearance and the line of cement, wood and presided over by girls trained in clothing. Followers of 0 the r India's Christian schools. The faiths, attracted by such gath- paint work. This is done during secret lies in the fact that conse- erings, are increasingly attencrated educators have passed on tive, respectful and approacha- the day. Evenings and Sundays to the women of India the story ble, undoubtedly impressed by of Christ's redeeming love, dur- the influence Christianity' is are devoted to evangelism. ing this School's hundred years' having upon the masses, and history in training several thou- seeking to know the reasons for A second-hand Ford van and sand Indian girls. it. The cumulative effect of a century or more of intensive trailer were fitted up with living -Dnyanodaya. evangelization is manifest to ob- servers who are able to look be- accommodations, tools and weld- Christianity's Growing low the surface. Influence ing p I ant. The preacher-me- Two Reforms Undertaken "One cannot travel widely chanics work on various repairs throughout India and Burma in The United Provinces Govthese days without being im- ernment is undertaking two spe- along the way, in order that pressed by the enormous sweep cial reforms w h i c h have the of Christianity in one way or support of all the better ele- they may be entirely self-sup· an 0 the r," says a Methodist ments of the country. A prohi- Board Secretary, who recently bition program is being worked porting. Excellent results are made a visit there. He found out, and is in the experimental strong, well-equipped central stage in a number of districts. reported. -So S. Times. churches, colleges, high schools, It should be noted that the liquor middle and primary schools, evil has not yet gained the hold Sangli Movable School theological and other training on the general population that it schools, hospitals, dispensaries, has in occidental countries. Having seen the Booker T. asylums for the treatment of Was hi n g ton "Agricultural leprosy and tuberculosis, centers The other proposed reform is School on Wheels" actually at for the reclamation of criminal the abolition of bribery among work in a small village, Dr. J. L. tribes. Christianity has been government officials. This vice the leading force in rural and has a very deep hold, and little Goheen was moved to secure a agricultural experimentation, in or no effort has heretofore been similar one for the Sangli In· village reconstruction, in special made either to create public dustrial and Agricultural School forms of work for women and sentiment against it or to pass with which he is connected; and children, in the production of laws to eradicate it. An Anti- this hope was realized in 1931. literature, in the attack on illit- Corruption Committee is to be It is not an exact duplicate of eracy, the relief and uplift of appointed, and the Christian Washington's School, but in the community rejoices in the fact main, the idea is the same. It has been fitted up so as to be of special use in the way of prac- tical teaching and demonstra· tion to the people of village In· dia, through the use of charts, posters and pictures on all kinds of subjects pertaining to village life. It carries samples of seeds of improved and tested varieties of field and garden crops and specimens of potatoes and sweet potatoes, groundnuts, wool, cot- ton, etc. There are books on ag- ricultural and similar subjects in Marathi and English as a ref· erence library, and there are simple and useful books on many subjects for sale. There is a medicine chest with much need·

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ed remedies, a gramophone and limit the number admitted. The us. What our inherent powers a magic lantern and cinema total enrolment of the entire of endurance, philosophy and paprojector with small special elec- School was 328 at the close of tience have enabled us to do in tric generating unit. last year. Most of the appro- the past they will fortify us to priations from the Board went do in the present, as well as in The school will stop from 30 into scholarships for children the future." to 45 days in any given place, from out-villages, and sixty boys this depending on the size of the and girls w ere helped, who The Church and War Relief place and interest shown. otherwise would not have been able to attend school. Even with The National Christian Coun- -Indian Witness. this help, parents are required cil, representing sixteen Protes- to pay something toward the ex- tant denominations in China, has Medical Outposts penses. The chief problem is to been ever since the recent Sino- secure sufficient funds to main- Japan war began, a clearing- On the northwestern frontier, tain the kind of school that can house for information both in five hospitals guard as many successfully compete with the securing news from almost all mountain passes, and receive pa- government schools. parts of China and in forwardtients from countries which, for ing news. It has constantly rethe most part, do not acknowl- -Siam Outlook. ceived detailed information reedge Christ and where Chris- garding conditions in the war tianity may not be preached. CHINA area, such as has not come to any Most of these patients, if they other agency in China. It has embraced Christianity, would Spiritual Mobilization sifted this material and prepared meet death upon their return. for publication in the foreign Slowly but surely, medical treat- In an address made on March daily press in China as well as ment and the kind atmosphere 15, Madame Chiang Kai-shek in a considerable number of Chiof a Christian hospital are work- said spiritual mobilization is of nese church papers. ing changes. Suspicion is giv- the most vital consequence to ing way to friendliness, sullen- China, and announced a move- In addition to its work of pubness to smiles, until the patients ment to stimulate public interest lication, it has conducted a leave with a new outlook on life. and active participation in three weekly broadcast both in Eng- Sometimes patients are entirely major national requirements: lish and in Chinese since Sepchanged even in a week, and for the practical application of the tember 5, to support the morale such results these frontier mis- tenets of the New Life Move- of the Christian Church. When sion medical centers are worth ment; the continuance of reso- news of indiscriminate aeroplane while. lute and unfaltering resistance bombing b e cam e generally against the Japanese invaders, known, there was panic in many Chiengrai Christian School and the planning of realistic church centers, and these broad- measures for reconstruction and casts helped many Christian Definite progress has bee n rehabilitation in the vast areas groups to stay at their posts, made in improving the standing that have been deliberately laid especially when associated with of this School during the past waste by the Japanese. hospital and refugee work. year. The English and Bible departments have had the help of Here are a few extracts from Perhaps the one Christian ora teacher who spent five years her address: ganization in China with the in the Philippines preparing for greatest difficulties to face is the such leadership. It is difficult to "Our barbaric enemies have Y. M. C. A. This is because of include much religious teaching boasted that they intend to beat the hatred of the Japanese army during regular school hours, be- us to our knees and break our toward Chinese students. All cause of strict rules laid down spirit. We shall show these the big patriotic movements and by the government, but in the enemies, as we shall show our disturbances in China have been boarding department and the friends, that in the blood of our initiated by students. A large Christian Endeavor Soc i e t y fellow men and the ashes of our number of schools and universimuch of such teaching is worked burned homes has flowered a ties in the occupied areas have in. All the teachers are active new national spirit. suffered damage or complete dein the religious work of the com- struction, and several of the munity, and many of them help "We shall show them that the leading institutions have moved in the out-village churches on new China that was in the mak- far into the interior. Sunday. The School furnished ing, before war was invoked to the superintendent and several destroy it, is still marching on- Southern Methodists Lose teachers in the Sunday School, wiser, more patriotic, and un- Heavily officers of the King's Daughters a!raid. We Chinese, .in our long and Christian Endeavor leaders. hIstory, have survived great nat- Before the outbreak of hostili- Thus, the School might be called ural and political calamities; we ties last August, the Southern the backbone of the church in have triumphed over prolonged Methodist Episcopal Mis s ion Chiengrai. adversity, and we have carried maintained 60 churches, over 30 our culture and civilization and chapels, three large hospitals, There is also a kindergarten, our nat ion a I entity safely one un i ve r sit y, ten middle which has become so popular through the ages, no matter that it was found necessary to what nations rose or fell about

schools and more than 30 pri- that last year in two places the looked about for ways to cause mary schools in the populous Band left behind groups of from his houses and lands to be con- Shanghai – Nanking – Hangchow thirty to forty inquirers, and fiscated on the ground that he area. Today, as a result of Ja- this year in another place a had no legal right to them since pan's invasion, all but one of the group of some twenty-five. Of he became a Christian. A few churches, all but two of the edu- these a few already have been of the leading Buddhists in the cational institutions, and all baptized. Foster states that he country went so far as to say three hospitals, which had taken is particularly impressed by the that they would rather a whole 89 years, considerable sums of extensiveness and thoroughness village became Christian than money, and the enthusiasm of a of the Band's house-to-house vis- that one of his rank should re- large number of American mis- itation. Their presence has been nounce the faith of his father. sionaries and Chinese to build an inspiration. Still, this intelligent and cul- -The King's Business. tured young man with two years up, have been either completely destroyed or partially damaged Outlook in Tibet '>of Christian experience tells his by shell-fire and aerial bombs. fellow Christians that when he Material losses alone, accord- In spite of a relatively slow was suffering the intrigues and ing to a conservative estimate, rate of progress and many dis- persecution of his erstwhile relareach the figure of over $300,- appointments, the Superintend- tions and friends, his greatest 000. All enterprises, religious, ent of the Moravian Mission in support were the words of the medical and educational, under- Tibet reports that the outlook is text he had chosen: "Rej oice taken by the American Southern bright, and work among the in the Lord alway: and again I Methodists in this region are at Tibetans exceedingly w 0 r t h say rejoice." present at a standstill. It will while. One most encouraging -Moravian Missions.

take several decades to restore feature is the sense of responsithe losses sustained. JAPAN-CHOSEN bility that has developed in the organized churches, with their Thirteen Commandments "Spreading Light Mountain" ordained native ministers, evan- Japanese leaders, threatened The Biola Evangelistic Bands gelists and elders. by fascism and distressed by the are groups of from six to ten Tibetan evangelists are mani- continuance of the war which was expected to speedily reach a men, trained at Hunan Bible In- festing greater readiness for victorious end, have formed a stitute (which is the China self-sacrifice. Two have recently "Central Federation of General branch of Los Angeles Bible In- Spiritual Mobilization," and this stitute). Many have questioned left their homes to serve in has promulgated the following lonely places; one to open up thirteen "commandments": whether these bands are still at new work and the other to take work during the present strug- charge of a difficult field when 1. Every morning give prayers to gle. Dr. Frank A. Keller, of the missionary goes home on the Imperial Grand Shrine and pray Changsha, writes that five of for the safety of the Imperial Family. furlough. Another wishes to these bands are now at work in learn rock carving, so that he 2. Hoist the National Flag properly peace and safety. Small self- may carve wayside pulpits. At on holidays. supporting churches are being Leh, all the Christians from var- 3. Worship the deities and endeavor formed in districts where the ious stations assembled to con- for the harmony of the family. Gospel was unknown previously. fess their shortcomings, and to Band number 4 began work in pray for renewed spiritual life. 4. Live on a budget, pay cash, save October from Liu Kuang Ling regularly, and buy National bonds. -The Indian Witness. 5. Wear simple clothes and avoid foreign-style hair-dressing. as a center, the name meaning Tibetan's Maiden Sermon 6. Observe wedding, funeral and "Spreading Light Mountain"- a prophetic name, for in eleven Not long ago a member of one other home affair!! simply but sol- emnly. weeks the Gospel story was told of the oldest and most aristo- 7. Reform the mad custom of late to bed and late to rise. in 4,265 homes where it had cratic families in Western Tibet 8. Economize on metal, wool, cotton, never been heard before. Fifty conducted the Sunday service in inquirers came to a definite de- the small church at Leh, Ladak. paper and fuel and utilize wasted and His text, "Rejoice in the Lord other buried things. cision; two sorcerers were con- 9. Endeavor to prevent fire and prepare for air raids. verted and two homes were alway; and again I say rejoice," cleared of idols. Before the seemed paradoxical for most of 10. Rear the children to be strong band left, a little self-supportng his experiences were of the sort in mind and body. to make o.ne weep rather than church was established. A well- 11. Have bodily exercise every day to train the mind and body.

to-do convert is supplying a rej oice. Two years ago he be- 12. Economize in drinking sake. 13. Be friendly to neighbors and room for the services. came a Christian and his Bud- help one another. Reports from other bands are dhist relatives contrived to equally gratifying. Their work involve him in a charge of em- This may be regarded as pav- is appreciated by missionaries, bezzling state funds. The fact ing the way for making the sacas well as by the Chinese. Rev. that he was acquitted only served rifices the government expects J. N. Foster, the superintendent to make them more determined to demand. -Christian Advocate. of the Yiyang Circuit, reports to bring about his ruin, so they

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Urged to Keep Silent a building that will head up the work satisfactorily become A Japanese writes to Amer- Christian Endeavor, Y. M. C. A. voluntary leaders in the local ican friends: and Junior Boys' work, and also village churches from which serve a-s office space for mission- they come. Under the auspices "I would urge you to use the aries and nationals in the vari- of one Mission alone-the Amerutmost caution as regards what ous other activities of the ican Presbyterian – nine such you say or do concerning this Church. It will be operated schools are held each year. One crisis. At this juncture Japan under the management of the for girls reached its high water is taking action at the peril of Bible Institute, so there will be mark last year, with an attend- her future destiny, according to no competition and fullest coop- ance of 67 for the five weeks'

whether she succeeds or fails. eration, especially in educational work. It is not surprising that As a matter of course, the whole facilities. in numbers and spiritual force nation is aroused. Without this the Korean Church is one of the feeling of intensity Japan could Education in Korea strongest.

not fight the war, though our The Evangelistic Farmers' AUSTRALIA AND government does not declare it School at Masan, Korea, has THE ISLANDS a war. The whole of Japan is bought ten acres of very rich soil now resorting to a procedure for experimental farming; the New Field Opening unanimously supported by our income is to be applied to the people, and not a single soul is maintenance of the S c h 0 0 1. The decision of an Australian suffered to protest. If anyone Buildings to be erected will be of you feel inclined to protest according to Korean rural style. firm to search for oil in Papua against this course there may be no other way than for you to re- Since there are more than ten has made possible a considerable main silent. At any rate, I do churches in this vicinity, the stuheartily request you to remain dents will have opportunity to do extension of the work of the completely silent. religious educational work. The Unevangelized Fields Mission "On the other hand, if you ob- School will also send out wellject to this course, you may ex- trained farmers whose influence there. This company will shortly press your attitude on the will do much to improve farm ground that you are a foreigner, send out a large number of men but please bear in mind that life. such liberty of speech, if exer- The only Christian college for to prospect, and their equipment cised by you, will not be acceptable nor will it be recognized in women in all Korea is Ewha Col- will include six large launches; this country. Still I hope that lege. At present, it fairly brisnothing unhappy will come and where prospectors go, the about between you and our peo- tles with great ambitions from ple. It is our urgent prayer that within and great expectations missionaries can go. Hitherto in our relations to each other we may get along smoothly and with from without. Graduates are they have been greatly hindered the utmost friendliness, without expected to enter the field of any ill will and with no mis- church and community service because of poor means of transunderstanding until the present trouble is ended." or rural welfare. This calls for port – small and dangerous an extension center for commu- -Bulletin of English Meth- nity work; also, a course in canoes. -Life of Faith. odist Mission, Canton. nursing and public health. Em- C. E. Convention in Melbourne phasis must be placed more upon the Christian nature of the The first Christian Endeavor School, since the secular and hos- Society in Australia was founded tile forces continually multiply. in 1888, resulting directly from a Christian Endeavor Constitu- -Korea Mission Field. tion which a sailor from New- buryport, Mass., had carried in his pocket. In 1893, the United Society of C. E. was formed in Australia, and a year later a World C. E. Union. In 1894, Coordinated Effort Korea Sets Example Australian Christian Endeav- orers had launched their mis- A missionary in Taiku, Korea, In the creation of its Bible sionary program in a most pracwrites that one of the most hope- Schools, the Manchurian Church tical form, when a society was ful projects of the past year has has followed the example of organized among the Aborigines been the effort to consolidate the Korea, a Church which in pro- at LePerouse, New South Wales.

Christian activities of that city, portion to its size is the most This being Australia's na- especially among the young peo- vigorous in the Orient. For tional jubilee year, dating from ple. A man with both univer- years the Korean Church has the first settlement of this com- sity and seminary training was made it a practice to send work- monwealth, it is fitting that the secured to organize this work, ers to its annual schools for spe- fiftieth birthday of Australian and permission was secured cial training. Usually, these C. E. should be observed by en- from the Board to use the Bible schools last six weeks,and stu- tertaining the tenth World Institute compound as a center dents are expected to attend Christian Convention. This is from which to work. Earnest them for two or three years in to be held in Melbourne, August efforts are being made to erect succession. Those who complete 2-8 of this year.

New Hebrides Mission LATIN AMERICA Negro Missionaries to Indians The New Hebridean of today Evangelizing the Firemen Negro missionaries are workis a different person from his forefathers, who murdered the Doors do not open easily for ing among the aboriginal Inpioneer missionaries, John Wil- the Gospel in Mexico, but Mr. F. dians of Central America, the liams and James Harris in 1839. J. Huegel writes of one that Valiente tribes, who live in the His environment and manner of forests of Panama. There are living have altered, largely opened in Mexico City when he about 10,000 of these, and their through outside forces; some became acquainted with the fire mode of living is hardly changed have been for the better, but chief, with four stations and 250 sin c e Christopher Columbus others have been disastrous. landed on their coast in 150l. Depopulation has gone on stead- men under his charge. He is Mr. E. S. Alphonse is a Methily, until no longer do crowds eager for his men to have the odist pioneer among these peoline the beaches when a vessel ,.ple. When he first went there arrives. But amid changing con- Gospel. In all four of these sta- twenty-one years ago, the Inditions, the upbuilding of Chris- tions systematic Bible study has tian character goes on. The begun. Says Mr. Huegel: missionary has a two-fold task; first, to bring Christ into the "One afternoon in the hall at dians called him a crow, because hearts; and second, to stand as Santa Julia just as I came to the of his black skin, and were suspithe natives' friend against harm- close of the message and was cious of him. Now there is a ful outside influences. If it were about to make a call for the men Christian community of 500, and not for these influences it would to accept Christ as their Saviour, a number of Christian schools. be possible for native Christian the fire alarm rang. You can Mr. Alphonse was the first to leaders to hold their people in the imagine my feelings, for nat- study their language and reduce Way of Life. These natives very urally every man leaped for his it to writing. A grammar, sevquickly learn foreign ways- boots and helmet and before I eral books of the Bible, a hymn whether they be right or wrong. could catch my breath, was gone. book and a catechism have been They had gone to put out a fire produced in the Valiente tongue. -United Church Record. and I had come to kindle one. -The Life of Faith. Filipinos Seek Union "Some 200 Testaments have Last February Philippine been given out and the eagerness Opening Doors Christians made another significant advance on the road of co- of the men for study promises a In Colombia, a number of facoperation and union by forming tors are contributing to wider the Philippine Federation of harvest of souls for the Kingdom opening doors than ever before Evangelical Churches. This is the third in a series of three or- of God." -World Call. ganizations set up since 1901 to guide the Christian movement in Santo Domingo on the Air to the entrance of the Gospel. the way of unity and peace. The Improved methods of transporfirst was the Evangelical Union. It grew into the National Chris- For two and a half years the tation, especially the building of tian Council organized in 1929. Now the federation marks a still Evangelical Church of the Do- highways, are making many new further growth and the pros- minican Republic has been regions accessible. Fanaticism pects of comparatively early preaching the Gospel over the is gradually giving way, even in organic union of all major denominations are hopeful. air. In all this time, except for the isolated areas; and the new The object of the federation is two nights when the government constitution adopted in 1936 as- "to unite various Christian bodies and agencies in the Philip- shut off all the radios in Tru- sures liberty of conscience in the pines for the twofold purpose of securing comity, cooperation and jillo City, the capital, the weekly matter of religion. Two selfeffectiveness in their operation, and searching out possible bases program has gone on. From supporting and self-governing for organic union with the view to bringing the churches to such Venezuela, Colombia, Central churches were organized last union in due time." America, Cuba, Porto Rico, even year in the state of Tolima. -Christian Century. from the United States and as Missionaries and national far away as Maine, have come workers are constantly meeting requests for special hymns. new problems. There is a greatly Worship groups meet in the awakened interest in education homes, and follow that broad- on the part of the people in gen- cast; one group in Venezuela eral; parents are pathetically writes that this broadcast is the eager for their children to have only worship service they have. the opportunities which they did A group of Cuban Christians not have. Parent-teacher meet- who lost their church building in ings, enlarged libraries, im- a hurricane meet for this serv- proved equipment of schools and ice, and a restaurant proprietor philanthropic projects sponsor~d in Porto Rico sent a small con- by students all indicate a pro- tribution from his patrons who gressive trend.

listen to the restaurant radio. Two new buses added to mis- He is confident that there has sion equipment will greatly aid been at least one definite decision in evangelistic work, and the for Christ as a result of the pro- Spanish publication Evangelista gram. Colombiano will bring the Gos-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

pel to many living in isolated "To study the possibilities of the simpler and more efficient the areas. The bookstore has in- foundation of a daily newspaper and working of the Federation. creased its stock, and doubled its a press association; These plans for a greater meascirculation. ure of cooperation have yet to be "To prepare a worship manual; approved by the churches con- -Colombian Clippings. "To promote a revised translation of cerned. When this approval has the Bible; been given the Federation will Indian Ohurch in Peru "To study social problems in the enter on a new era of usefulness light of the Gospel, and to the whole evangelical cause in Such a work has been estab- "To disseminate information con- Brazil. lished among the Indians of cerning the work done by the intersouthern Peru, after seven years national movements. -World D.ominion Press. of progressive evangelism. In 1931, these people had never MIGUEL RIZZO, JR." NORTH AMERIOA heard the Gospel message; today, there are 500 Christians in Gospel Boat on Amazon A Return to Ohrist? twelve communities, eight of which are properly organized Medical relief w 0 r k has An Episcopal Bishop of Chichurches, with their own leaders, proved to be a valuable entering cago sees, in the recent unpreceelders and deacons, conducted wedge for the Gospel message in dented church attendance during quite independently by the na- Brazil. A Seventh Day Advent- Lent, a return to religion to face tionals. In spite of the fact that ist missionary writes: the challenge of the present day. 95 per cent of the people are Lutheran, Methodist, Presbyteilliterate, the converts have "During the flood season the rian, Baptist and other churches manifested a steady spiritual Amazon and its tributaries rise are also reported to have had growth. This the missionaries about fifty feet above normal, larger congregations than in attribute to three factors: the and when these waters subside many years, with a marked deepvital prayer life of the churches; each year, there is an epidemic ening of reverence and earnestthe persecution through which, of fever. This year the govern- ness. as individuals and as communi- ment furnished us with $1,000 ties, they have had to pass; and worth of medicine, and in a five- Said the Chicago Bishop: the very high standard of con- month period we were able to duct, supported by strict disci- treat 5,800 sufferers. We have It looks as if the great religious pline, which prevails in the an electric light plant on our awakening for which the Christian churches.-Life of Faith. boat and every night we hold Church has been praying to meet the services somewhere along the spread of paganism and the defeat of The Ohristian Task in Brazil river. The light attracts the na- worldliness, is at hand. Worshipers tives for miles around. In one are revealing a new earnestness, a The Evangelical Congress of village where we were stoned new devotion to their faith which Brazil which met in Sao Paulo in six years ago we this year bap- comes only from a sense of frustra- December, 1936, was composed tized twenty-five people. tion and helplessness. It has often of official commissions from six been that man's extremity is God's different denominations. The "These Christians along the opportunity. declarations of the Congress are river believe in the 'Win One' proof of the attitude of the movement. Three of our boys I believe the hour has struck. This churches toward the ideal of co- go out each Friday night to a Lenten season should bring joy to the operation am 0 n g Christians. neighboring village where they hearts of all true Christians every- Here they are: "The situations have organized a Sabbath school, where, because God is again being enof the Brazilian Protestants, di- and the latest report received throned in human hearts. vided in various churches, is a from them tells of thirty-nine problem to be solved. It is neces- members being present." -Living Church. sary to make an effort in favor of the union of the churches Evangelical Federation Why Honor Ingersoll? through an ample formula Progress which respects principles and In March, 1937, a resolution established practices. The Con- The Evangelical Federation of was introduced in the House of gress committed to the Federa- Brazil has drawn up a modus Representatives proposing the tion the following tasks: vivendi for the churches and erection in Washington, D. C., of missions which are affiliated a monument in memory of Rob- "To investigate what is the religious with it. This has been prepared ert G. Ingersoll, the famous insituation of the zones occupied by the by a special committee in order fidel lecturer. The First Baptist churches; to solve problems arising from Church of Paso Robles, Cali- over-occupation of some fields, fornia, protests to the Govern- "To organize a general plan of evan- to ensure the adequate occupa- ment that since the plan is gelization; and to organize the pro- tion of regions not yet reached, sponsored by an atheist organigrams for teaching religion in the and to eliminate friction in inter- zation, and that organization has public schools; denominational relations. At alleged affiliations with the In- the same time, certain Articles ternational Freethought Union "To promote the Qrganization of the of the Constitution of the Evan- of Europe, and that the monuyoung people; gelical Federation of Brazil have ment is proposed as a "recogni- tion of Robert G. Ingersoll's been modified so as to make most noteworthy contribution to the emancipation of mankind

from religious superstition," A New York Church "The colony will be a place where more than 1,000 homes, they are unalterably opposed to "Resolves" built in the Moorish style of architecture, will be set up in the any legislation of that character. Christ Church, New York, very near future. Land in the Further reasons for their objec- Dr. R. W. Sockman, pastor, is Gardens Heights section has altion are expressed in these discussing world topics at the ready been purchased with mid-week services; and the con- funds representing contributions words: sensus of opinion is gathered to- to the Moorish Science Temple gether in a set of resolutions. of America, and construction on "That we recognize the impor- Sometimes these are transmitted some of the houses was begun tance of Christian faith and to the groups concerned. Some about a month ago. We feel that practice in regard to the safety of the topics already discussed the colony we are anticipating and well-being of democracy. are the religious situation in ,will provide better housing con- That we believe the enemies of Mexico; the boycott of Japanese ditions for the persons in this .Christianity seek to express goods, and more recently the De- country of Moorish descent, and their contempt for God, the pressed Classes in India. The will permit them to practice the Bible and our Christ by the erec- resolutions adopted in this in- customs and religious tenets of tion of· this glorification of Rob- stance were: Morocco. It will establish a defiert G. Ingersoll. That it is our nite religious center for us." opinion that this would encour- WHEREAS, The outcaste millions of age the youth of our land in India for centuries have been disfran- New Church for Hoopa Indians atheism, materialism, radical- chised by the Hindu religion of their ism and revolt against God and rightful position as "sons of God and The Hoopa Indian Reservation established government." in California has a population of approximately 2,000; 1,100 of -Christianity Today. joint heirs with Christ"; and these are children between the WHEREAS, 3,000,000 or more of the ages of 6 and 18. About 3,000 acres are under cultivation, but Religious Education Council outcaste people have responded to the the average per capita income of Gospel as presented by Christian mis- these Indians is only about $120 The 20th Session of the Inter- sionaries and have accepted the Chris- a year. national Council of Religious tian faith; and Education is to assemble in In the Hoopa Presbyterian Columbus, Ohio, June 28-July 3. WHEREAS, Christianity has brought Church there are 83 members, The theme for this convention is to these hope instead of despair, free- with 115 in the Sunday School. "The Christian Challenge to the dom instead of endless slavery, knowl- There are two outstations, the edge in place of ignorance, self-respect most promising of which is instead of self-degradation; and Weitchpec, where the interest has been growing steadily, espe- WHEREAS, Leaders of the outcaste cially during the past two years. A fine constituency has been de- Modern World," and eight out- classes seeing these changes have veloped and upwards of forty . urged their 60,000,000 fellow outcastes church members are enrolled. comes are hoped for as a result to abandon Hinduism and seek a new They are ready to effect a forof the deliberations: religion; and mal church organization. Mrs. Nellie Masten, a devoted Chris- 1. An improved a t m 0 s p her e WHEREAS, It is our belief that such tian Indian, has deeded the Board a site for a church, and throughout North America in which a reconstruction of the social order money is available to put up the building. The Indians will take to carry out a steady and continuous can only be carried through on the care of practically all the labor involved. program of Christian education. lines of Christ's teachings and that any other possibilities seem to be di- Alaskan Leaders All 2. A clearer understanding of the nature of Christian education and its rectly in the line of revolution or civil Graduates of Sheldon Jackson responsibilities. strife; therefore, be it School in Sitka qualify for posi- tions that call for excellent train- 3. An increased recognition of the Resolved, That we, the members of ing. One of them is responsible existence of many practical steps Christ Church, New York City, up- for organizing cooperatives in which may be taken by lay and pro- hold and support our missionaries and Alaskan villages; two are nurses fessional church workers in fulfilling their work in India in their self-sacri- in government hospitals; three the Christian challenge through Chris- ficing labors for these· needy and re- are teachers in government tian education. sponsive people, millions of whom will schools. Others are in mission undoubtedly turn to Christianity for work; one is the minister at 4. Help on specific problems which release from their present captivity each delegate faces back home which into the new liberty of the Gospel of will put new zest into the work of the Christ; and be it further churches from which they come. Resolved, That we send a letter to 5. A deepening of the religious ex- the bishops of our church in India asperience of every delegate which will suring them of our sympathy and inprovide the dynamic without which all terest in these inspiring days. of our efforts will be in vain. -Indian Witness. 6. A great stimulus to the work of Christian education in every part of the North American continent through Moorish Colony in America the publicity, before, during and after Plans are under way for the the convention.

7. Greater unity and closer coopera- establishment of a Moorish Coltion of Christian forces. ony at Yaphank, L. 1., which is 8. Delegates to the convention will to serve as a mecca for the 20,- return to their local communities to 000 Moors in Greater New York and surrounding area. The form an informed nucleus of local Grand Seik Turner-EI, spokes- leaders who understand more fully and definitely the basic principles and outreach of Christian education. man for the Moorish Council, -Advance. explains the plan:

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Wainwright Pre s b y t e ria n in two or three decades. When and Work, issues this warning; Church, another is nurse at reminded that thousands of no protest should be made on a Sheldon Jackson School. The gatherings of Christians were political basis because this would two native organizations, the being held throughout Germany, increase the danger in which Alaska Native Brotherhood and with no interference from au- Pastor Niemoller stands. It is the Alaska Native Sisterhood, thorities, Dr. Barth explained important that churches should whose objectives are competent that at such meetings the only state clearly that the reason for Christian citizenship, have al- message allowed was one which their protest is that he has taken ways been under the leadership Hitler considered "harmless." A his stand entirely on the basis of of former students of Sheldon spiritual gospel is permitted, but the rig h t of the Christian Jackson School. only so far as it does not affect Church to proclaim the Word of the actions of men on earth. God. Expressions of sympathy -Monday Morning. There is no toleration at all for on any other basis would only the teaching of real Christian increase his danger. The Ger- EUROPE ethics, which mean something in man Government should be in- the present situation in Ger- formed in no uncertain terms Something Alive in Denmark many-for example, "race wor- that concern for Pastor NiemOl- ship," anti-Semitism, the cult of ler is very widely felt. Here are some characteristics hatred, etc. of student Christian work in Dr. Henriod also calls atten-. Denmark: -Religious N eW8 Service. tion to the gravity of the present world situation, manifested by (1) The emphasis of instruc- Fascist Youth Niemoller's continued imprisontion is upon the awakening of ment after being cleared in a the spirit rather than upon the There is something ominous trial. Christian churches should acquiring of knowledge or skill. in the official report that Ger- be awake to the danger at the (2) The method of instruction many's juvenile crime record has root of such a situation in its stresses the "living word." increased 40 per cent in the past religious and ethical implica- (3) The historical approach three years. In the depression tions. characterizes a 11 instruction, years of 1931 and 1932 there was even the sciences, and history is a rise in juvenile thefts, but then Pastor Niemoller's spirit rea living subject. (4) The sub- they were driven to crime by mains unbroken, as is shown by ject matter is confined largely to poverty and hunger. Today, the the following extract from one those subjects which are useful record shows that less than 10 of his letters to his wife: to the average man in his per- per cent are motivated in lawsonal or civic life. (5) There lessness by poverty. Somehow in these last six months are no grades, credits, degrees or the ship of the Church has got afloat examinations. The primary em- Brutality has been the pop- again. The color is dimmed, the masts phasis is upon instruction and ular word of Nazi leaders, and are broken, the whole appearance is not on competition among stu- violence their approved method. not handsome; but the Lord Christ dents. (6) The fact of a group German youth follow their lead- still sits at the helm, and the ship of students living together is ers. Two or three afternoons moves forward. . . . utilized as a fundamental edu- and Sunday belong to the Hitler cational medium. The teachers You t h, irrespective of the And I think my imprisonment also utilize this opportunity by living schools. During this period they belongs to the holy humor of God. with the students and using their are trained in Nazi ideals, which First the mocking laughter: "Now influence to create a cooperative include the "instinct of freedom" we've got that fellow" and then the community. (7) The schools are against the school and the fam- imprisonment; and what are the conalso dominated by a high ethical ily. The result is now evident. sequences? Full churches, a praying purpose. They seek to give the Only the more serious crimes community. student the opportunity to know ever come before the courts. himself, and to supply him with The report says that moral of- To get bitter about such things the motivation to exert a con- fenses increased over 150 per would be shameful ingratitude. structive influence in all rela- cent, and that all crime is most tionships of life. flagrant among college students. Anti-Alcohol Museum Thus Fascism bears its fruit. -Intercollegian and Far With all the fanfare the Poles Horizons. -The Churchman. like so much, the Minister for Social Welfare recently opened German Youth and the Church Pastor Niemoller's the Anti-Alcohol Museum in Imprisonment Warsaw, one of the first of its Dr. Karl Barth, addressing a kind in the world. There are group of church leaders in Lon- In regard to the petitions pre- twenty-four departments dealdon, said that it is Hitler's inten- sented to the German Govern- ing with as many phases of the tion to cut German youth off ment on behalf of Pastor Nie- alcohol problem. Arresting disfrom all church connection, so moller, Dr. Henry L. Henriod, plays trace the history of the that the Church, becoming a so- general secretary of the Univer- battle against alcohol. Photociety of old people, will die with- sal Christian Council for Life graphs and diagrams show how alcoholism is treated. The tech- nical use of alcohol is described. The discoveries of science about alcohol are set forth. The value

of propaganda for and against disturbed by the Soviet order are where there are no 'Keep Out' alcohol is assessed. The problem of alcoholism in art and among the church members. signs against the inquisitive and caricature is presented, with abundant illustration. There is questioning mind. Disinterested a display of non-alcoholic drinks. Some fourteen departments in MISCELLANEOUS research cannot survive in an the museum are given to exhibits Good Will Commandments atmosphere of compulsion and on alcoholism in relation to repression. Particularly in the health, tuberculosis, venereal diseases, child welfare, school Dr. Walter W. Van Kirk of broad range of subjects covered life, the family, suicide, acci- the Federal Council has pro- by the social sciences, and in the dents at work, sports, business posed "Ten Commandments of humanities as well, the world and many other interests. Ap- Good Will." They reflect a spirit has recently witnessed in several propriately enough, there is a sorely needed in the present countries the progressive disinfrank appraisal of alcohol as a tegration of creative scholarmeans of raising national and world crisis: municipal revenues. ship." 1. I will respect all men and women '" -The Christian Advocate. -Christian Advocate. regardless of their race or religion.

Christians Resist Soviet 2. I will protect and defend my Pressure neighbor and my neighbor's children Salvation Army Year Book against the ravages of racial or reli- Moscow has opened a new gious bigotry. This Year Book for 1938 indrive to curb the churches. The arrests of clerymen during the 3. I will exemplify in my own life cludes a list of outstanding Salpast year, culminating in the arrest of twenty-five on Russian the spirit of goodwill and understand- vation Army events of 1937, Easter on treason charges, fo- ing. with much interesting informacused attention once more on the tion as to nationalities among status of religion in the Soviet 4. I will challenge the philosophy which the Army works, the lan- Union. It would be hard to of racial superiority by whomsoever parallel in modern times the per- it may be proclaimed, whether by guages in which it preaches and secution the Church in Russia has had to endure during the kings, dictators or demagogues. twenty years of the Bolshevik regime, yet one finds religion 5. I will not be misled by the lying a glossary of Army terIns. holding on with amazing te- propaganda of those who seek to set nacity-both holding and carry- race against race or nation against Under the heading, "Signs and ing on. According to a despatch nation. Wonders," M a j 0 r Reginald to the New York Times, great Woods, of International Headnumbers of young people still at- 6. I will refuse to support any or- quarters, describes the begintend church, as was strikingly ganization that has for its purpose evidenced by the overflowing churches on Easter Sunday. the spreading of anti-Semitism, anti- ning, in London, of work among Catholicism or anti-Protestantism. the deaf. There were 120 peo- Factors in the renewed activi- ple present at the first meeting. ties against religion are the un- 7. I will establish comradeship with Similar endeavors have, for expected stubbornness of the all those who seek to exalt the spirit many years, been a feature of people, and the signs of progress of love and reconciliation throughout in the Church. The Soviet gov- the world. ernment now frowns upon the anti-religious excesses of earlier 8. I will attribute to those who dif- the activities in Sweden, Noryears. Freedom of religion is fer from me the same degree of singuaranteed by the constitution, cerity that I claim for myself. way, Finland, Denmark and the but in actual practice the Soviet Near East. can close any church it sees fit 9. I will uphold the civil rights and on the grounds that the building religious liberties of all citizens and The Home League, a work is needed by the State. Widening of the streets has caused groups whether I agree with them or among women with 100,000 many prominent churches to be not. demolished. Recent arrests are members in the British Isles, is based on alleged plots against 10. I will do more than live and let the government. The code for live; I will live and help live. described. U n d e r the title, treason is broad and loose, so "From Fetish. W 0 r s hip to that the greater number of those New Barriers Christ," Col. Ethelbert Grimes tells of fourteen years' work in Rockefeller Foundation is West Africa, where there are finding them. Operating in fifty- 20,000 Salvationists, located in two countries, from Norway to 350 centers. An article on "Mi- the Fiji Islands, the Rockefeller gration and Settlement" reveals Foundation has been encounter- that more than 200,000 persons ing difficulties as it has tried to have been taken from over- spend something over $9,500,000 crowded areas to lands overseas a year in the dissemination of since this department of the knowledge. In some fields where work was started. It is said that they formerly went it is now fewer than 1 per cent have useless to go because the search proved failures.

for truth has been made impos- -The Christian.

sible by local conditions. While the Foundation works without Said the Robin to the Sparrow, 'I regard to political doctrines, should really like to know creeds or sects, it has become Why these anxious human beings harder and harder to follow this rush about and worry so?'

ideal. Says Dr. Raymond B. Said the Sparrow to the Robin, Fosdick: "Objective scholarship 'Friend, I think that it must be is possible only where thought is That they have no heavenly Father free t and fr~edQm ~IHl ~{CJst onl~ such as qare}) for you and w,e.,' "

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information BOOKS ON THE CITY AND THE CITY CHURCH RECOMMENDED BY THE REV. CHARLES H. SEARS, D.D.

Foremost among these books The Crowded Ways. By Charles sions. (Home Missions Council, are those announced by the Mis- Hatch Sears and The City's Church, New York City, 25 cents.) sionary Education Movement of By H. Paul Douglass. Two book'! the United States and Canada, published by the M. E. M. in 1929. City, The. Robert E. Park, Ernest designed particularly for mission W. Burgess and Roderick D. Mcstlldy courses. We list in the The Movement announces Kenzie. Chicago, University of order given by the Movement; manuals to assist in the study Chicago Press, 1925. $2.00. they may be secured from of the major books, guides for Friendship Press, 150 Fifth community and church surveys, Our Cities. Their role in the Nation- Avenue, New York City. and other helpful materials. al Economy. June, 1937. Report of the Urbanism Committee to The The American City and Its Church. It is possible for any group National Resources Committee. The basic study for adults. By Sam- to greatly extend its study of Washington, U. S. Government uel C. Kincheloe, is a careful analy- the city by use of biographies Printing Office, 1937. 50 cents. sis of city environment and adap- and autobiographies such as (Especially useful in this study be- tation of the program of the church "The Story of a Varied Life," cause of its striking maps and to this environment. Both from !:tis by W. S. Rainsford, (Double- charts.) academic and practical approach day, Doran & Company). "Ed- Dr. Kincheloe speaks with author- ward Judson, Interpreter of City Church, The. H. Paul Doug- ity. God," (Judson Press). Dr. H. lass. New York, Friendship Press, Paul Douglass' books remain of 1929. Cloth, 50 cents; paper, 25 City Man. By Charles Hatch Sears. permanent value, "The City cents. A new imprint edition, recently Church," "How to Study the published by Harpers. This is a City Church," "1000 City Church City Planning. Charles Hatch study of the intensive form of ur- C h u r c h e s," and particular Sears, editor. Philadelphia, The ban development, the metropolitan church surveys, Springfield and Judson Press, 1928. $1.25. community, with particular empha- St. Louis notable, (Harper & sis upon the eife<:!t of this environ- Brothers) . We call particular Suggestions to Leaders of Study ment upon the city man himself. attention to Dr. Wilbur C. Hal- Classes using "The American City (M. E. M. 75 cents.) lenbeck's study of Church City and Its Church"; by Kenneth D. Societies "Urban Organization Miller. Paper 15 cents. City Shadows. By Robert W. Searle. of Protestantism." Finally, ev- For the senior high school age, ery student of the city should My Community, My Church, and Me I equally valu,able for others, here is secure a copy of "Our Cities, by Wilbur C. Hallenbeck (Study a revealing series of true stories of Their Role in the National Econ- and Action Series). Paper 35 cents. city life. omy," a publication of the Na- tional Resources Committee, for Urban Scene, by Margueritte Har- Street Corners. By Harold B. Hunt- sale by the Superintendent of mon Bro. (A pictorial book for all ing. As a source book for juniors, Documents, Washington, D. C., youth and adult grades.) Paper this is particularly valuable for its at fifty cents a copy. 25 cents. portrayal of the work of churches arid social agencies. OTHER BOOKS ON THE CITY A Course for Young People on the Church in the City, by Owen Geer. All . Around the City. By Esther City Challenges the Church. Ad- Paper 25 cents. Freivogel. For primary children. dresses made at an Interdenomina- A story of how two children from tional Conference on the City A Course for Seniors on the Church the country find friendly places and Church, January 13 and 14, 1937. in the City, by Donald Gordon Stew- friendly faces in the city. Under the auspices of the Commit- art. Paper 25 cents. tee on City and New Americans of City and Church in Transition. By the Home Missions Council and the The City I Would Build, by Emily Murray H. Leiifer, published by Council of Women for Home Mis- Gaither. For intermediates. Paper Willett, Clark & Co. The book is a 35 cents. (A work book for both in- definite outgrowth of the request termediates and their leaders.) made by the Committee on City and New Americans for a study of A Junior Teacher's Guide for study- the medium-sized city. It summa- ing the Church in the City, by Nina rizes results of a four-year study of Millen. For elementary grades. Pa- 140 cities which have a population per 25 cents. of from 50 to 150,000. A Primary Teacher's Guide for Studying the Church in the City, by Esther Freivogel. Paper 25 cents.

Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[319 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Joe Lives in the City, bv Jeanette tions, substitutions and correc- make a modern village; he in- Perkins Brown. (A picture book tion of the text are not always troduced the bicycle into Borneo for primary children.) Paper 25 easily grasped. Dr. Jeffery of and organized river fleets and cents. Cairo is preparing a critical edi- little holding companies to keep tion of the Koran text, which alive the commercial life of the (Above publications obtainable from when completed will be of great community. At the same time Missionary Education Movement, value to all missionaries to Mos- he was winning them to God, New York.) lems. It will facilitate their task spreading the Gospel of Christ of interpreting the Gospel to farther and farther into the Churching the Small City, by Wil- those who have, in their own Dyak-head-hunter filled jungles. bur C. HaIlenbeck. (A method of sacred book, countless stumbling Finally in 1935 in Sarawak, at study and survey of a smaIler city.) blocks against a' right under- the age of 63 he passed into the Paper 25 cents. Home Missions standing of the Holy Scriptures. greater Glory Beyond, but not Council, New York. 'ttntil he had seen a large part of S. M. ZWEMER. his ambitious plans mature and The Qur'an. By Richard BeIl, B.D., bear fruits. D.D. Volume 1. pp. 343, $6.00. T. Tuan Hoover of Borneo. By Frank & T. Clark, Edinburgh, 1937. T. Cartwright; 186 pp. $1.75. Ab- Dr. Cartwright, the Secretary ingdon Press, New York, 1937. of the Methodist Episcopal There is no lack of English Board of Foreign Missions, was translations of the Koran. Those The work of the Christian himself a missionary for eleven by Sale, Palmer, Rodwell are missionary has never been easy, years in China. His personal well known, and each is distin- but even so, unusual difficulties contacts with Hoover left many guished for special points of val- were encountered by Jam e s memories which are brought out ue. In addition, we have had in Matthews Hoover, the stalwart in glowing, moving biography recent years four translations bearer of the Gospel into the that depicts true Christian adby Mohammedans. Nevertheless, steaming jungles of Malaya. venture as well as inspirational this is the first t.t~anslation with achievement. a critical rearrangement of the "Tuan Hoover," a Pennsylcontents of the chapters and it vania village boy, shortly after MARSHALL R. HALL. therefore fills a gap. One cannot the turn of the present century, state more clearly the justifica- heard the call to the foreign Ship East-Ship West. By Elizabeth tion for this piece of scholarly field; he obeyed and spent thirty Miller Lobingier. 87 pp. $1.00 work and its character than by years as a real pioneer mission- Friendship Press, New York. 1937. quoting from the preface: ary of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Blest with an un- This is a children's book with The translation goes frankly on the usually rugged physique and a definite purpose-to train the assumption that the Qur'an was in ability to withstand hardship, he youthful mind in the way of written form when the redactors was the ideal type for the par- peace among nations. In six difstarted their work, whether actuaIly ticular work he was called upon ferent stories, children are told written by Muhammad himself, as I to do. How well he did it, and that nations need not fight when personally believe, or by others at his how enduring are the results he they have disputes to settle. War dictation. This conclusion also has left behind must stand as a is shown to be foolish, and in been forced upon me in the course of monument which all Christians summing up a list of war's evils my work. The translation itself must may well admire. is contrasted with the blessings furnish the proof. If, by the hypoth- of peace. The book deserves a esis that the present form of the Mr. Hoover began his work wide reading among our chil- QUr'an rests upon a careful repro- in Malaya with only a moderate dren, seeing how important it is duction of a confusion of written doc- preparation, but it was soon de- that right ideals should be conuments, that confusion has been in termined that he was the man stantly set before them. any considerable number of passages to take over the difficult task of cleared up, the hypothesis will have carrying the Gospel to the Chi- Little Talks to Little Folks. By C. justified itself. All the possibilities nese immigrants from Foochow A. Puncker. 92 pp. Is. Pickering of confusion in written documents who were settled in Borneo. He & Inglis, London. 1937. have had to be considered-correc- accepted the challenge and went tions, interlinear additions, additions to work among them-on a The author has given chilon the margins, deletions and substi- crocodile-filled river in the ma- dren's talks for over 25 years, tutions, pieces cut off from a passage laria rid den jungle. Here he and the stories in this volume and wrongly placed, passages written found them, miserable, afraid are the ones that seemed to im- on the back of others and then read and alone, overwhelmed with press his small hearers most. continuously, front and back foIlowing home-sickness for their home- Realizing that the only way to each other. It is to this, rather than land. get the children's attention is to to textual defects, or to confusion in interest them, he introduces a Muhammad's own thought and style With all the strength of his va r i e t y of subjects – ants, that the dreary welter of the Qur'an huge body and stout heart he set watches, escalators, and for the so often deplored by Western writers to work. Among the material cur i 0 u s – "bent sunbeams." is due. advantages he brought to them These talks are a practical help were electricity, an ice plant, to those who would lead the Dr. Bell of the Edinburgh lights and other conveniences to "lambs into the fold." University has unraveled many of the puzzles that confront the reader, but he has also left un- solved a still larger number. His translation is accurate but not always literal, as we have in Palmer's translation. The de- vices used to indicate altera-

Book. Cbe. Upper

Church Comity. A Study of Cooper- July, August, Now READY FOR DISTRIBUTION ative Church Extension in Ameri- can Cities. H. Paul Douglass. Se tember The Daily Devotional Guide Garden City, N. Y., DoubledaYi of 1,000,000 People – Issued Doran & Co., for Institute of Socia Quarterly in English, Spanish, and Religious Research, 1929. (Out and Roman Urdu of print.) THE UPPER ROOM is beinq distributed in 25,000 churches. Church in the Changing City. Case representing every evangelical denomination. We have evi- Studies Illustrating Adaptation. dence of thousands of family altars beinq established and New York, George H. Doran Co., daily devotions in the home beinq conducted. with the aid of for Institute of Social and Religious THE UPPER ROOM as a devotional quide. The best help Research, 1927. (Out of print.) available for individual devotions.

Community Survey in Relation to Church Efficiency, The. Charles E. Carroll. New York, Abingdon Press, 1915.

Negro Problems in the Cities. Subscription price, 30 cents per year" postpaid. Pastors may secure ten or Thomas Jackson Woofter, Jr. New more copies on consignment to be paid for, when sold at 5 cents per copy. York, Institute of Social andRe- ligious Research, 1928. (Out of Send all orders to THE UPPER ROOM, Doctors' Bldg., Nashville, Tenn. print.) 1000 City Churches. Phases of Adaptation to Urban Environment. H. Paul Douglass. New York, George H. Doran Co., for Institute of So- Types from City Streets. By Hutch- troduced the pension plan of the cial and Religious Research, 1926. ins, Hapgood, New York, 1910. (Harper & Brothers. $2.50.) • • Presbyterian Church. Redemption of the City. Charles Christian Message in a Non-Chris- Hatch Sears. Philadelphia, The tian World. Hendrik Kraemer. • Griffith & Rowland Press, ,1911. 455 pp. $3.00. Harper Bros. New Cloth, 50 cents; paper, 35 cents. York. 1938. Dr. George B. Winton, missionary, , Social Characteristics of Cities. editor and educator" died March 11, William F. Ogburn. Chicago, Inter- Fun and Festival from India. Rose in Nashville, Tenn., in his 78th year. Wright. 48 pp.' 25 cents. Friend- Soon after entering the ministry of ship Press. New York. the Methodist Church, South, he went to Mexico, where he served as pastor, national City Managers' Associa- president of the theological school in San Luis Potosi, and as editor of tion, 850 E. 58th Street, Chicago, Obituary Not.. E1JQ,ngelista Me:mcana,. From 1926 Ill., 1937. Paper, $1.00. until his death he wrote regularly the (Concluded from 2d cover.) "Watch Tower" column of the No,sh- ~trategy of City Church .Planning. 'ViUe Christian Advocate. Ross W. Sanderson. New York, . . '. a of Mr. and Mrs. Chas. L.Fry and Institute of Social and Religious Rev. Harry *Co.m'p.ton, one of the Research, 1932. (Out of print.) was graduated from Muhlenberg Col- The Shame of Our Cities. By lin- lege in 1916. earliest educational evangelists in coln Steffins. South America, died December 30, in Mr. Cecil Henry Polhill, member Delaware, Ohio. He had been on the of the original "Cambridge Seven," retired list since 1919. He first served died at his, home at Hempstead, Eng- in Chile, then in Montevideo, and land, March 9. Two other members of later was president of Quito CoIIege, .!,mn~ this "Cambridge Seven" are still liv- ing, Sir Montague Beauchamp and D. in Ecuador. • * • E. Hoste of the China Inland Mission. of tbe Mr. Polhill was educated at Eaton Miss Emily L. Peterson, Presby- School and was converted and led to terian missionary in India since 1913, €bri~tian offer his life to Christian service where she was principal of the Girls' through the late Dwight L. Moody. Middle School in Saharanpur, died in He sailed for China in 1885 and served India, March 17,at the age of 58. as a missionary in Shensi, Kansu and Miss Peterson worked in the New Szchwan, where he did effective work York City Mission for five years be- fore going to India. There, in addi- lLift among the Tibetans on the western tion to directing the Indian faculty and aQout 150 students, she spent cA BOOK of worship in song, com- border of China. He retired from many hours visiting in homes, going China in 1902 but continued to give into areas where cholera and small himself and his means to promote the pox were raging in order to bring work of the China Inland Mission. comfort to the suffering; helping in community projects and working for •• • the better .education of women. Rev. Charles Scott Deming, an American Methodist missionary in •• • bining a hymnal for general Mrs. Isabel Edgar McFarland, wife church use, and a song book for evan- of Rev. A. J. McFarland, D.D., passed to the Heaven Home, in February in e;elistic purposes. Oitly songs sOund Latakia, Syria. Here they began their m the faith and inspirationaf in char- work on the Mission Field in 1906, acter included–.emphasizing Evan~el­ at Mersine, and at Latakia after the war. Mr. and Mrs. McFarland were ism, Missions, and the Deeper Life. Manchuria and Korea for thirty- among that band of veteran mission- Many of the new—the best of the old. three years, died in a Brookyln hos- aries of the Reformed Presbyterian pital on March 15. For a number of Church. Dr. McFarland is retiring 504 Songs Responsive Readings years he was an officer of the Chris- and returning to America this sum- tian Literature Society of Korea, and mer. Topical Index Gold Embossed Published in round notes and Roxite cloth had translated several theological edition only at $65.00 per lOO-an especially books into Korean. He returned from low price. Single copy, SSc postpaid. Manchuria on furlough last December. Writ<! today f<rr ~etumable sample copy ••• CHRISTIAN PUBLICATIONS, Inc. Dr. W. Courtland Robinson, for- mer editor of The Presbytrian, died in 1502 NORTH THIRD STREET HARRISBURG, PA. Delhi, New York, Marc:h 15. I!e w:as chairman of the commIttee whIch In-

LIFE OF GEORGE BOWEN, OF

By ROBERT E. SPEER This is the biography of a very remarkable Christian missionary to India and for twenty years the inBuential and able editor of the Bombay Guardian. Dr. J. Sumner Stone called him, "The White Yogi."

When George Bowen died in 1888 there was call for a worthy biography but its preparation was delayed. Later all the biographical material-including his diaries, letters, reminiscences, and the books and pamphlets of which he was author-was turned over to Dr. Speer. This material has now been put into shape for publication and the result is a frank and stimulating picture of the man,-his experiences, unique character, forceful views and methods of work. Here is a life story that is of absorbing interest and will richly reward the thoughtful reader. The book is now ready for delivery. .

CONTENTS I. Family of George Bowen. XI. A Decisive Year, 1849. II. Boyhood and Youth. XII. III. Three Years Abroad. XIII. From 1850 to 1855. IV. Life in New York, 1840·1844. XIV. V. Illumination of a Hopeless Love. XV. TenYears of Independent Work. VI. Conversion to Christianity. XVI. VII. At Union Theological Seminary. XVII. The Bombay Guardian. VIII. ftisMissionary Appointment. XVIII. IX. The Voyage to India, 1847. XIX. Relations with the American Board. X. Beginning Missionary Work. Association with the Methodist Church.

Bowen as a Writer.

Correspondence with Henry W. Rankin.

Closing Testimony. • This latest work by Dr. Speer may be ordered at $2.50 per copy from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY IS6 Fifth Avenue. New York MORE ABOUT THE MODERN CITY and HOW THE CHURCH CAN MEET ITS PROBLEMS Coming in the July and September Numbers The Church Challenges the City Dwight J. Bradley Looking to the City Tomorrow Charles H. Sears Religious Problems of a Mid-West City L. Merle Rymph What a Downtown Church Can Do The Privileged Helping the Underprivileged Frederick B. Fisher A Charge Rather Than a Retreat Samuel E. West Responsibility for a Whole Community What Does Outdoor Evangelism Accomplish Richard E. Scully WiUiam C. Munds . J. Arthur Springer ORDER COPIES OF THESE NUMBERS FOR YOURSELF AND YOUR SOCIETY 25 cents a copy $20 a hundred $2.50 a year THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Third and Reily Streets, Harrilburg, Pa.

ROBERT E. SPEER, President DELAVAN L PIERSON, Editor

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1932

1932

THE The New Year Outlook MODERN YOUTH AND THE MISSIONARY APPEAL KENNETH S. LATOURETTE JOHN R. MOTT ON "THE PRESENT DAY SUMMONS"

A REVIEW BY ARTHUR J. BROWN SOME NEW TRENDS IN LATIN AMERICA JOHN A. MACKAY BRAZIL-YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW H. C.TUCKER INDIA AND THE ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN A BANKER LOOKS AT THE WORLD HUGH R. MONRO THE NEW VISION OF HOME MISSIONS WILLIAM R. KING CHRIST AND THE WORLD OF ISLAM SAMUEL M. ZWEMER PRIMITIVE TRIBES OF THE CARIBBEAN THOS. C. MOFFETT

to Remember January 4-6-HoME MISSIONS COUN- January 18-19-COVNCIL OF

CIL, ANNUAL <MEETING, Toronto, BOARDS OF EDUCATION, Cincinnati, December 30-January 3, 1932-STU- Canada. Ohio. DENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION, Buf- ,falo, New York. January 9-11-FEDERATION OF WOM- January 24-CHILD LABoR DAY. AN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS, February 4-IN~ATIONAL COUNCIL January 2-3-CoUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR ANNUAL MEETING, Bronxville, N. Y. HOME MISSIONS, ANNUAL MEETING, OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION, Chicago, Toronto, Canada. January 12-15 – FOREIGN MISSIONS Illinois. CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMERICA, Atlantic City, New Jersey. February 12-WolW> DAY OF PRAYER.

July 25-31-WolW> SUNDAY SCHOOL CONVENTION, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Read THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor IN THE JANUARY NUMBER: BISHOP LINTON, OF PERSIA, writes on present-ddY "Evengelism through School. in the Neer Ee.t". This will dwaken lively discussion, because of contrasting policies and methods now at work. Islam claims to have an Evangel, as Professor Frank Hugh Foster of Oberlin points out in an excellent article on "Mohemmed's Evengel" to the world of his day. Perhaps the most important contribution' in this issue is by the Orientelist Professor Duncan B. Mecdoneld of Hartford. It is a scientific study on the meaning of Ruh (Spirit) in Isldmic thought,_ term which needs eluciddtion. More popular are the articles on "Medicel Mission." by Dr. E. M. Dodd, formerly of Persiai on the "Sources of the Koren", by Dr. E. E. CalverleYi dnd on "Chine.e Moslem Chronology", by Isaac Mdson of Shanghai. Professor Richard Bell of Edinburgh, and Professor Nathaniel Schmidt of Cornell, contribute studies on "Men on the A'ref" clOd on "Ibn Kheldun's Prolegomene". A Turkish Professor discusses the meaning of the Hlnif referred to in the Koran.

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MARSHALL. MORGAN .. SCOTT. 12 Patemoster Buildin… London In Grell BrItain. Eisht Shlllin… nel THE PRESBYTERIAN BANNER The COMMUNITY. CHURCHMAN A Relisious Journll 01 Todlv A joumol interpreting vorious ef. Estoblished 1814 JAMES H. SNOWDEN, Editor Published Weekly forts in union, federoted ond com· munity churches toword community THE BANNER is notobie in these things: betterment. There are now over 117 yeors of continuous service to the Church. two thousond such churches in A home Pdper of the 6nest chorocter, Siving to eoch member of the fomily something worthwhile America, the most ropldly developto reod in eoch issue. ing religious movt:me:nt in the: A national relisious Pdper. appealing to every port of our Church on the ground of its obillty, country. The lorger problems of foir-mindedness on~d l'!Yolty. Americon Chrlstionlty ond of EDITORIALS-Constructive ond helpful. world Christionity 01.0 receive. THE WORLD TODAY-Concise porogrophs on the principol current events of the doy. ottentlon. THE QUIET HOUR-Dr. Robert MocGowon, contributes 0 brief sermonic treotment of 0 text with a pro},er ond a poem, oil orlJJlnol with him. SPECIAL CLUB OFFER' . THE RADIO PULPIT-{)r. Hugh Thomson Kerrs Vesper Service Sermon broodcost over Th~ Missionary Review of the Stotion KDKA. World ……………… $2.50 NOTABLE ARTICLES-On Importont current subiects prepored by eminent writers, in every issue. The Community Churchman … 1.00 AI.o,-Sundoy School Lessons; Chrlstion Endeovor Topic Notes; Church News; Book Review.; etc.

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THE PRESBYTERIAN BANNER THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD THE COMMUNITY CHURCHMAN 1007 Co….onw..lth BidS., New15Y6orFkiltCh ilAy.veN.: ' PIIIsb.,.h. Pc. Y. I'

Pork Ridge, III. .

Chat Vol. LV THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD No.1

DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor THE REVIEW comes to you at the beginning of a January, 1932 new New Year, in a new form. We hope you will FRONTISPIECE-Some Speakers at the Student Volunteer Conven- like it. The reasons for the change are many-chiefly tion ………………………………………………. . to save expenses in print- ing, while giving the same Page wealth of material and at- tractive illustrations. It is TOPICS OF THE TIMES …………………………. Editorials 3 the most popular size for magazines today. With God in the New Year ~ndia and Its Future We welcome this month Bright Spots in Dark Days The Manchurian Muddle a new member of our Edi- torial Family, Mrs. Estella The Incompleted Work Kagawa's Message to America S. Aitchison of Granville, Qhio, who will present at- MODERN YOUTH AND THE MISSIONARY APPEAL …………. 9 t r act i v e and "Effective By Prof. Kenneth S. Latourette of Yale University Ways of W 0 r kin g" to arouse missionary interest JOHN R. MOTT ON THE PRESENT DAY SUMMONS. . . . . . . . . . . .. 13 in the home, the church and A recent book review by Dr. Arthur J. Brown the school. Do not overlook these excellent plans. PRAISE AND PRAYER FOR THE NEW yEAR ……………… 16 The World's Week of Prayer Topics Read the list of articles promised for coming issues SOME NEW TRENDS IN LATIN AMERICA ………………… 17 (page 8). Do not fail to By John A. Mackay, Litt.D. of Mexico City renew your subscriptionif it has expired-and en- THE BIBLE A CURE FOR DEPRESSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20 list your friends as new By Robert E. Speer of New York subscribers. They will not regret it. BRAZIL-YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW ………….. 21 By the Rev. H. C. Tucker, D.D. of Rio de Janeiro Our new printer, The Wm. B. Burford Printing INDIA AND THE ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE ……..•……. 25 Company of Indianapolis, By the Rev. Wm. I. Chamberlain. Ph.D. formerly of India is giving us an attractive magazine typographically A BANKER LOOKS AT THE WORLD ………………………. 28 and promises courteous and By Hugh R. Monro, President of the Montclair National Bank efficient service such as we have received from our re- THE NEW VISION OF HOME MISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 cent printers, The Evan- By the Rev. Wm. R. King, D.D., Secretary, Home Missions Council gelical Press of Harrisburg, Pa. CHRIST AND THE WORLD OF ISLAM ……………………. 34 By the Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D. of Princeton PRIMITIVE TRIBES OF THE CARIBBEAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37 By the Rev. Thomas C. Moffett of Philadelphia THE SPIRIT OF HOME MISSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 40 By Ezra Cox-The Christian Advocate EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 41 Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 45 Edited by Helen M. Brickman and Florence G. Tyler OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK …………………………… 49 A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information Publication Office 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Indiana Editorial and Business Office 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. Application has been made to transfer to Indianapolis, Ind. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year Foreign Postage 50 cents a year Published monthly-All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1932 by the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC.

Board of Directors ROBERT E. SPEER, President SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT WM. I. ,cHAMBERLAIN. Vice-President MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer WM. B. LIPPHARD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ERIC M. NORTH SAMUEL M. ZWEMER THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS @ DEPARTMENT OF ANNUITIES YOUR GIFT NOW WILL BRING TO YOU THE BLESSING OF GIVING WHILE LIVING AND THE GUARANTEE OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS THAT YOU WILL HAVE AN INCOME FOR LIFE ERNEST F. HALL, S?cretary 156 FIFTH AVENUE. NEW YORK PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

SPEAKERS AT IRE STUDENf VOLUNTEER

REVIB_ ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER ONE JANUARY, 1932 Topics of the Times WITH GOD IN THE NEW YEAR ous is it that the eternal Creator has revealed What a wonderful experience it would be to see Himself and His way of life to man and has ofthe present world situation from the viewpoint of fered to him the possibility of fellowship and God and eternity. How insignificant would seem partnership in the work of making God and His the petty financial worries of the movement. How way of life known to all mankind! What comtrivial would appear the international jealousies passion and patience must characterize the Divine and suspicions, the covetous contests for a little Mind and Heart as He sees finite man, with inpatch of earth in Europe or Asia; how foolish finite possibilities, absorbed in the insignificant would seem the racial conflicts in India and the things of earth rather than with great affairs of political strife in the Americas. the Heavenly Kingdom!

The infinite Ruler of the great universe, watch- Truly the love of God, which passes knowledge, ing these petty strifes and efforts of mankind, is the only explanation for the patience of God with human failure. While there is no such thing must experience something of the reaction that as depression with God due to economic distress, comes to a student of entomology watching the there must be a deeper sorrow as He views man's feverish strife of swarms of minute insects as spiritual poverty and a deep disappointment bethey hurry here and there, heaping up little piles cause of man's failure to use divine gifts for Servof earth .and straw and grain, quarrelling with ice in the divine partnership. For two thousand one another, competing for supremacy and organ- years the eternal God patiently sought to train a izing their forces for hostile conflicts. Their brief physically redeemed people to understand His span of life is occupied only with the earth! An nature and way of Life; and now for nearly two interesting but a pityful scene! thousand years He has patiently sought to encour- age a spiritually redeemed people to share their Almighty God planned and created not only the little ball we call the earth with all its wonderful resources; He created and rules the vast universe, knowledge and Life with their fellowmen of all in comparison with which man is less than a races. The work has grown, light has spread, the speck of dust. Must He not look with some such Life has been revealed, but how slowly.

interest and pity on the anxieties, the feverish The New Year dawns, with new opportunities activity, the covetousness and jealousies that and possibilities. Shall this new year be used characterize human society today? He who made more consistently and devotedly to stress the the universe knows no financial depression; He spiritual realities, to build up Godlike character, must have marvelous purposes for the universe to carry out His program, to use His gifts for and for his creature man; He offers something spiritual enrichment and to share with others in better than political preferment and material every land the wonderful blessings of revelation wealth; He who is omnipotent and eternal con- and Life of God that have come through Jesus siders events from a viewpoint other than that Christ?

of events of the passing moment. BRIGHT SPOTS IN DARK DAYS But the most marvelous and overwhelming con- ception is that the Almighty God who is Eternal When we look at the world as a whole, the Spirit has put into this insignificant creature progress of Christianity during the past year man, a spirit akin to His own spiritual nature seems to have· been slow and almost imper- so that man, the creature, can have fellowship ceptible. In America the liquor question is a with God, the Creator, and can grow in His real problem; the economic depression has thrown spiritual likeness and power! Still more marvel- millions out of work; human failure and un- [3]

Christian short-sighted methods have brought after an earthquake so in Mexico, Central and distress to coal miners in the South; banditry South America revolutions are followed by a and vice have made our cities breeding places period of quiet and often by new spiritual progof criminals; these and other evils have filled ress. In the midst of China's turmoil Christians the newspapers and have not commended the are quietly carrying on their ministry of love; national character abroad. In Europe jealousy and lives are being transformed; Japan and Korea and suspicion have characterized international are honeycombed with Christian life and service. relations; the financial disputes over reparations, In Africa, the Kingdom of God is coming in spite the conflict in Poland and Austria, the atheistic of all the obstacles of superstition and ignorance; communism in Russia, political unrest in Ger- many thousands are under Christian instruction many and Italy have continually threatened the and multitudes show transformed lives; men and world's peace. In Asia, a reign of terror has been women, filled with the spirit of Christ, are overthreatened in the agitation for self-government in coming the menace of social degradation. In India, temporarily in suspense awaiting the re- every land of Asia the spirit-filled missionaries sults of the Round Table Conference; the Burman are winning men and women, are founding rebellion has been subdued by British arms; civil churches and are training Christians to be amwar in China has been overshadowed by the dis- bassadors of Christ to their fellows. astrous floods and by banditry and the conflict between Chinese and Japanese in Manchuria; While in the large, the picture of world condi- Korea has been greatly disturbed by mob attacks tions gives cause ·for disappointment and distress, on Chinese residents; under-cover conflict is being when we see the Christlike lives that are lived in waged in Japan between political and military every land-even in Russia-and the Christlike forces for supreme control. In the South Seas the work at hundreds of thousands of c,enters in all agitation for independence has aroused the parts of the world, we thank God and take cour- Filipinos and Australia has been on the verge of age. More than ever today both the regeneration bankruptcy due to a prodigal labor government. of the individual and the reformation of society Latin America has been the scene of revolutions need to be stressed. and changes of rulers-in Cuba, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Peru, Colombia and Venezuela. The It is the purpose of THE REVIEW, during the earth has not been the scene of peace and good- coming year, to point out some of the neglected will during the year 1931. and needy areas, geographical and social, where the Gospel of Christ should be made known, and But if we have eyes to see and can look more to report encouraging signs of Christian progress minutely at the scenes of conflict we note many in every land and among all people, at home and signs of encouragement. Widespread philan- abroad. thropy has greatly lIelieved distress in China and Europe and America; the Round Table Confer- THE INCOMPLETED WORK ence in London has seriously sought a way of peace for India; the international courts and con- Not only has the work which Christ commisferences in Europe have diligently been working sioned His Church to do been imperfectly done in for disarmament, economic readjustment and a the transformation of individuals and of society, solution of the Manchurian problem. Peace or- but many areas are still almost untouched or unganizations are eagerly seeking to educate nations claimed for Him. to live as brothers and Church forces are promoting unity and cooperation among the followers In Japan, one of the best cultivated mission of Christ. Spain, after centuries of religious fields, the evangelization of the country seems bigotry, has become a republic and has proclaimed scarcely begun. Seventy-five per cent of the religious freedom. inhabitants are still Buddhists. All Christians together number only one-half of one per cent. But the real cause of hope and the assurance Large rural districts are still untouched and thouof victory comes from the quiet, effective work of sands of towns and villages are entirely without spiritual forces in all parts of the world. "The Christian preachers or teachers. Kingdom of God c;.omes not with observation" but the seed of life is planted and grows. In North In Korea, which is nominally occupied, there America, religious awakening has followed the are still sixty non-Christians to each Christian. financial depression, the effect being seen in churches and in colleges. In Latin America new In Formosa nine native tribes, with about life is evident in evangelical churches, and the 143,420 members in more than 700 villages, are next World's Sunday School convention is to meet without any permanent Christian work. in Brazil. As the crust of the earth settles down In China, which only a short time ago had almost 8,000 Protestant missionaries, there is so far one Christian among 1,000 inhabitants. Large racial groups of Tibetans, Mongols and other na- tives are entirely unreached by the Gospel. Almost

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

one-fourth of all China is not the field of any Russia and Central Asia are fields where the Chinese or foreign mission society. This field is greatest opposition is encountered by missionaries as large as the United States, excluding Alaska. today.

The unoccupied territory includes practically all Latin America and other nominally Christian of Mongolia, Sinkiang (East Turkestan), Kuku- lands have not yet been truly evangelized. Large nor, Chwanben, Tibet, and large parts of Man- areas are without a witness for Christ and among churia, YUnnan, Kansu, Kwangsi, and Kweichau. even educated classes, materialism and atheism Siam is occupied by one Protestant mission and are increasing.

there is only one Protestant communicant to every Noone can look over the world field and believe 1,000 inhabitants. In large districts there is not that the day has come to withdraw missionaries one Christian. In East Siam with 2,500,000 in- or to decrease their activity. The fruits of the habitants there is not one missionary. Thousands work are encouraging and the Christian Church of villages are unreached and yet the people are is growing and extending the sway of Christ in all very friendly and willing to listen to the Gospel. these lands. Until the work which the Risen Lord In British Malaysia there is little mission work gave His disciples to do has been completed there outside of a few cities. Most of the Malays are is a call for greater devotion, larger sacrifice, nominally Mohammedans. Sarawak, Brunei, Brit- more prayer and an increased number of faithful ish North Borneo are nearly untouched and every missionaries of the Gospel.

attempt to convert Mohammedan Malays in those regions is prohibited. Much of the Celebes and of INDIA AND ITS FUTURE New Guinea is also untouched. India, although one of the greatest mission The Round Table Conference in London has fields, has over 600,000 villages in which, so far proved a disappointment to the Indian Nationalas one knows, there is not one Christian. Nepal, ists and Mahatma Gandhi returns home with the Bhutan, Tibet and 500 "native states" are un- threat of another civil disobedience campaign. occupied and desire no Christian effort. Burma The British Government has, however, promised has more than 35,000 villages, but Christians are to promote an All India Federation which will found in only 2,333. Ceylon has nearly 10,000 embrace the independent states and the British villages without one Christian inhabitant and 450 Indian provinces. This seems the best solution of of them have a population of mor~than 500 each. India's governmental problems at present, but its In Mohammedan countries there are still 100 success depends largely on the cooperation of the million women and children not yet reached by Moslem population and the Indian National Conthe Gospel and an equal number of men and boys gress. The Round Table Conference is to be kept almost untouched. Afghanistan, with a popula- in existence in India through a small committee tion of 8,000,000 Mohammedans, is a country en- to which will be committed the task of forming a tirely closed to Christian missions. In Mesopota- federal constitution, determining the electorate mia (Iraq) there is one Protestant united mission arid planning Indian finance. Moslems and other at work. In Persia large stretches are not yet minorities are promised reasonable representation touched and in the south only a small part of the and protection. The Northwest Frontier Province country has any Christian work. Arabia has a and Sind, which are predominantly Moslem, will few isolated missions on its borders. The interior be made into separate "Governor's Provinces," with provincial self-government. Lord Sankey's is unreached. federal structures committee gives India a Fed- The 40,000,000 inhabitants of Asiatic Russia eral Constitution which provides for a central are without Gospel preaching. Only isolated Prot- Parliament of two houses. The upper house of estants ave found there. 200 members is to be chosen by Provincial legis- latures and the lower house of 300 members by In large sections of Turkey there are no Chris- direct popular vote on a populations basis. tian missionaries and in all Turkey, Christians are forbidden to influence minors. There is hope that Mahatma Gandhi will return to India with the purpose to cooperate in giving Who will say that no more missionaries are his people as large a measure of self-government needed? as possible. Until the various Indian elements are ready to work together there is not much hope Africa is still the Dark Continent with a million of peace and a successful self-government. The square miles of territory unevangelized and mil- British must in the meantime maintain control of the army and must decide foreign policies; they lions of Africans still in utter darkness or brought into harmful contact with godless Europeans. Here is still being waged the conflict between witchcraft, the False Prophet (Mohammed) and must for some time largely control the courts, the Christ. railroads and other public communications and

utilities; there must be cooperation in education great factor in Indian life and thought and He and social welfare. Liberty and justice must be offers the only solution of India's problems. guaranteed by the British until India is able to maintain them. In view of these great and varied problems it is interesting and illuminating to note the facts Mahatma Gandhi is a remarkable character, disclosed by the latest government census, which showing an unusual spirit of self-sacrifice and shows the total population of India to be 352,986,- idealism, but many of his economic, religious and 876, of which 181,921,914 are males and 171,064,- political ideas seem unpractical and inconsistent. 962 females, an increase of 10.6 per cent since While he has confessedly received most of his 1921. The population by religions shows that idealistic inspiration from Jesus Christ, he denies Hindus number 238,330,912, Moslems 77,743,928, His claims to universal supremacy. While claim- Sikhs 4,366,442, and Christians 5,961,794. During ing to be a pacifist, he creates strife. the last decade Christians show an increase of 32.6 per cent. Moslems increased 13.1 per cent, Lord Irwin, the recent Viceroy of India, in a while the Hindus increased only 10 per cent comspeech in London, made reference to Mr. Gandhi's pared with a rise of 10.6 per cent in the total inconsistent attitude towards missionary work, population. and testified to his own attitude as follows: Of the total Christian popUlation 3,968,623 are "People have been puzzled by some remarks in South India, including the Indian states of reported to have been made by Mr. Gandhi on the Travancore and Cochin (which have a Christian subject of the work of Christian missionaries. population of 1,958,811), Mysore and Hyderabad. From my knowledge of him, I can only say this: About three-fifths of the total Christian popula- It would require very strong proof to convince tion of India is in the south. The rates of increase one that he, who is one of the greatest social re- in Christians by provinces and Indian states, indiformers India has known, has failed to recognize cate that in the Hyderabad state (ruled by a Mosthat the real work of Christian missions is poles lem prince) there has been the largest increaseasunder from 'proselytising' as commonly under- nearly 150 per cent. This has been due to the stood. I am sure he knows, as we do, that the mass movement towards Christianity among the work springs only from the irresistible impUlse Hindu outcastes of this state. In Assam and in of men and women who, knowing themselves to Behar also there are notable increases due mostly possess a treasure beyond price, long to share it to the coming 'into the Christian Church of the with their fellows, and are impelled by the value aboriginal races of these regions. they attach to each human soul to spend themselves in lifting the fallen, ministering to the op- CHRISTIANS AND THE MANCHURIAN pressed, and bringing hope to those who have MUDDLE never before known its meaning. Truly, it is by the spirit of service that these men and women China and Japan are in a difficult situation. are inspired. Twenty-five years ago the problem would probably have been solved by Japan taking full possession "While I was Viceroy, I was able to see a good of Manchuria by force of arms. Meanwhile Eudeal of the work and to appreciate not only its rope and America would have looked on, perhaps moral and social results, but also the spirit in disapprovingly, but without protest. which it is conducted. Over and over again I saw the work among outcastes and lepers, among Today times have changed. What is one councriminal tribes and aboriginal dwellers in jungle try's business concerns all of the civilized world, tracts, in crowded cities and remote places in the where international problems and relations are hills. I have seen men and women struggling to touched. The World Court, the Kellogg Pact, the translate the message of Christ into the practical League of Nations and treaties guaranteeing the language of everyday life, spending themselves to preservation of China's territorial integrity-all cause America and Europe to have something to bring Christianity to India. As a man, I value say when Japanese armed forces invade Chinese territory, kill Chinese, take over Chinese public such work as this. The missionaries are doing offices, telephone, telegraph, railways, arsenals, waterworks, radio and airplanes. work of incalculable value in India, and their most Japan disclaims all purpose of territorial agpowerful sermons are their own lives." grandizement and claims only a desire for the recognition of treaty rights. At the same time all The work of the Christian missionaries is most realize that Japan needs room to expand. She has a population of sixty-five million people residing important for the establishment of peace, right- in 152,000 square miles, an average of 400 to the eousness, brotherly love and goodwill among the Indian peoples. Already as a result of their work, the name of Christ is widely revered, whereas a half century ago He was either unknown or de- spised. Today He is becoming more and more a

square mile. Three-fourths of the land is unpro- Japanese were all militaristic. This is not true of ductive and there are few mineral resources. China or J ~pan or Germany or America or any Manchuria, on the other hand, has over double other intelligent nation. Japanese Christians have Japan's area and one-third the population. She expressed a desire for a peaceful solution of the has an abundance of timber, arable land and min- difficulty.

eral resources. The Chinese do not develop the Manchuria is very inadequately occupied by territory as effectively as Japan, who desires to Christian missions. Nine-tenths of the people are colonize and develop Manchuria. She wishes also Chinese, the other tenth being made up of Man- markets for her silk and other products on which chus, Mongols, Tungus tribes, Koreans, Japanese her prosperity depends. Chinese mobs and ban- and Russians. The principal mission work for the dits resent Japanese aggression and have at times Chinese is carried on by the Scotch Presbyteri- made life unpleasant for Japanese soldiers and ans, Irish Presbyterians and Danish missions.

residents in Manchuria. The Japanese military The British and Foreign Bible Society and the forces, which are directed by the Military Council Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. also are at work in and are not under control of the Japanese Diet, various centers, and Presbyterians and Methodists undertake to maintain order, keep control of the have missions among Koreans and Japanese colo- railway and impose terms of peace on China. A nists. The total number of Protestant mission- practical state of war results which threatens to arjes is 172, of whom 55 are Danish Lutherans, embroil Russia, Europe and Amer:ca. 44 are Irish Presbyterians, 61 are Scotch Presby- Japanese civil authorities favor peace, ,for they terians and 6 are Seventh-Day Adventists. They realize the disastrous results of a Chinese eco- labor in thirty-seven stations-including Mukden, nomic boycott against Japanese goods. It is most Chinchow, Harbin and Kirin. The Protestant important for Japan to cultivate the goodwill of Church membership numbers about 25,000 and other peoples in order to extend her markets. there are reported to be 60,000 Roman Catholics.

There is hope that clearer wisdom and the pres- Large portions of Manchuria, and almost all of sure brought on Japan by America and the League Mongolia, are still unoccupied by any Christian of Nations will effect a peaceful settlement. workers. "It is worthwhile to remember," says The influence of Christian sentiment in China W. C. Fairfield of the American Board, "that the and Japan is encouraging in the midst of this existence of these workers for peace in China and conflict. The federation of Chinese churches of Japan is the direct result of Christian missionary Peiping, the former capital of China, sent to the work. It is the strong belief of many that the National Christian Council of Japan the following only permanent foundation f<'r wol'ld peace is the telegram: spread of Christian goodwill and sympathy until "Whole Chinese nation greatly disturbed by it controls public opinion in every country. The present Manchurian situation. Chinese Christians foreign missionary societies are still the most appeal to Christians of Japan to make common effective agency to bring this about."

cause advocating with their respective govern- KAGAWA'S MESSAGE TO AMERICA ments peaceful means to settle Chinese-Japanese questions, preserving friendship between two Probably no Christian Japanese and few in any neighboring peoples." station in life are as widely known and as in- It is also reported that Madam Chiang Kai Shek fluential for good as js the Japanese Christian is holding daily groups in her home to pray for author, preacher, lecturer and social worker, Dr. China. As Rev. W. C. Fairfield remarks in The Toyohiko Kagawa, who has been in America lec- Congregationalist, "The truth is that the Chinese turing in various colleges and cities. The readers Christians are taking their Christianity more of THE REVIEW are already well acquainted with seriously than we ourselves would think of doing! his life and work, including his inauguration of Their criticism of missions is not that it goes too the Kingdom of God Movement in Japan, which far in imposing an alien faith on the Chinese, but aims to win a million souls to Christ and apply that in America it fails to go far enough into its the principles of Jesus to the social, economic and own implications, i. e., into the implications of a other phases of life in that empire.

universal religion, supreme, therefore, in the At a recent luncheon, given to Dr. Kagawa in moral and intellectual, as well as in the spiritual, New York and attended by leading representarealms." tives of national and international Christian or- The Chinese Christians have called on the Jap- ganizations, the guest of honor expressed his deep anese Christians to join them in efforts to find a conviction that now is the time of greatest crisis Christian solution and to maintain peace. The in the world. It is a time when, as in the days presence in Japan of a strong anti-military party when Christ was on earth, we are called to leave makes it incorrect to think or speak as if the all and follow Him if we would spread His King-

dom among men. We should be "gamblers for under Christian leadership has proved very suc- God," putting all we have and are on His altar cessful and has led Japanese farmers to look to and devoting all to His service. "Being a luke- God and to the Christian cooperation, rather than warm Christian is not interesting or profitable," to communism, for a solution of their problems. said Dr. Kagawa. He emphasized the fact that the Kingdom of God Mov,ement in Japan is based When Dr. Kagawa was asked what American on the teachings of Christ and on prayer. "Where Christians can do to help make this program efthere is true prayer the Church grows." We must fective, he replied: "The greatest need is for a take Christ and His program seriously and put revival of spiritual life in America. How can the His principles into practice if we would win the army at the front receive much help from a rebattle against communism and against atheism, serve army that is weak or asleep? I find in against sin and selfishness. America both the worst and the best; the lowest morality and the highest spirituality. America In Japan there are 70,000 Shinto priests and must purify and strengthen her own life. Why is about 200,000 Buddhist priests, while there are it that while the divorce rate in Japan has deonly 2,000 Christian preachers. In 800 Japanese creased from 40 per cent to 10 per cent, the dichurches there was an addition of only about 800 vorces in America have increased from 3 per cent new members last year. We need a revival in to 17 per cent? Why is it that there are more Japan. Through the Kingdom of God Movement murders in New York in one month than in all of some 50,000 converts have been won in the past England in a year?" Will American Christians four years. There is need for more preachers. acccept this challenge, and not only seek a revival The scholastic standing requil'ed by the theologi- of spiritual life in our own hearts and churches, cal seminaries in Japan is too high for the min- and an expunging of the blots on the 'scutcheon isters who would go out to preach the Gospel to of our own nation, but can we not also help this the millions of unreached Japanese farmers. Dr. devoted and valiant soldier of the Cross in Japan Kagawa proposes to train 5,000 Japanese lay to fight the battle for righteousness and to extend preachers for this purpose – giving them short- the Gospel of Christ among his countrymen? As term courses in Bible, in social service, in evangel- Dr. Kagawa remarked, "The missionaries of comism, and in farming and handicrafts. munism who come to Japan do not speak of them- selves as 'foreign missionaries' but as representa- There is great need for Christian teachers, and tives of 'The Third International.' The mission- aries of Christ are the representatives of the Dr. Kagawa proposes to establish itinerating 'Heavenly International' to all peoples. The time has come to drop the word 'foreign missions' and short-term Christian schools in country districts adopt the term World Missions. Advance the cause of Christ anywhere and we help to advance it to meet the present great need for Christian edu- everywhere."

cation among the peasants and industrial workers.

This is the best way to counteract irreligion, com- munism and social evils. Cooperative farming Up,.T0"Date Coming Articles tn the REVIEW Students Rallying for Foreign Service ……………………….. The Buffalo Convention Do Men Really Need Christ? …………………………………..Cleland B. McAfee The Future of Foreign Missions …………………………………..Robert E. Speer Are Home Missions Making Progress? ……………………………..William R. King The Religious Situation in Italy …………………………………….. W. H. Rainey Why Mission Boards Are Worthwhile ……………………. , ………. Arthur J. Brown Why Is Arabia Still Neglected? ……………………………….. Samuel M. Zwemer A Christian Among the Mormons…. '" …………………….. Andrew J. Montgomery Do Christ's Methods Apply Today? ……………………………… Sam Higginbottom World Friendship Books for Children ………………………………..Hazel V. Orton Successful Ways of Working ……………………………. " .. , ..Estella S. Aitchison

A PART OF THE GREAT STUDENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION IN DES MOINES TWELVE YEARS

Seven thousand students were present and five hundred from foreign mission fields. On the platform were seated as many delegates as attended the first Student Volunter Convention in Cleveland in 1891. Above the platform hung the Watchword of the Movement, "The Evangelization of the World in This Generation." At the back was the map showing the mission fields into which over 8,000 Student Volunteers had gone in the thirty·three years of the Movement.

Modern Youth and the Missionary Appeal J:. By PROFESSOR KENNETH S. LATOURETTE I New Haven, Connecticut, Professor of Missions and Oriental History at Yale University; author of "History of Christian Missions in China"

T HOSE of us whose contacts with students and nurtured by one of our great denominations, go back twenty or thirty years have seen so far as the Christian Association knows, there on many campuses great changes in atti- is not one undergraduate who is planning to be a tude toward the appeal to life service as foreign foreign missionary. In another university with missionaries. There are quite a number of col- a somewhat similar missionary past, the man asleges and universities, which two or three decades signed to organize a delegation to the last ago had strong groups of Student Volunteers, quadrennial convention of the Student Volunteer where today there are no students preparing to be Movement could not find an undergraduate who missionaries. Among these are some which were was planning to be a missionary. He, himself, founded as Christian institutions, which still are deeply religious and conscientious and of outofficially such, and which have a long and honor- standing intellectual ability and the son of a man able history as sources of personnel for the for- who has given his life in notable service to miseign work of the Church. On one such campus, sions, had-and has-no intention of becoming a for instance, from which have gone forth in the missionary. past some of the most distinguished leaders of the missionary enterprise and which was founded These are not isolated or meaningless phe- nomena. They seem not to be instances of that [9]

temporary ebbing of missionary interest with wondering whether one religion is not about as which we have long been familiar on individual good as another and whether Christians have not campuses after the graduation of some earnest quite as much to learn from non-Christians as student who has been a contagious center of infor- non-Christians have to learn from Christians. mation and conviction. On at least one of the two Western Christianity is held to have obscured campuses instanced above are two older men in Christ and his teachings and a man like Gandhi, close touch with students, who have the confidence who makes no profession of being Christian, is of the Christian group. They are devoted to the declared to be more Christlike than most anmissionary enterprise and seek to enlist others in nounced Christians. There is a feeling, too, that it, but have been powerless to stem the tide. The the day of the foreign missionary is past, and that waning of interest, moreover, has been chiefly in the younger churches are now able to carry on certain types of institutions-those supported by without foreign assistance other than financial. the state, and the older more heavily endowed colleges and universities, most of the latter pro- Not all of these factors operate on anyone infessedly Christian-usually of high repute for dividual or on every campus, but they are all to scholarship and social standing. be found somewhere in our academic life. The crux of the situation is the many and rapid The decline cannot be ascribed to any single changes induced by our machine and scientific age cause. It is due partly to the prevailing climate which are revolutionizing all life. Those who are of opinion of many of our campuses. Criticism of older and have watched some of these changes religion in and out of the classroom, and secular- come are often bewildered and set adrift from istic attitudes toward life are dominant in a large their accustomed moorings. We must not be surnumber of our institutions and make difficult any prised if those who are younger and who are interest in missions. Then, too, there is wide- hurried into our kaleidoscopic age grow up unspread ignorance of missions, even in Christian certain, unable to give themselves to the old with student groups. This is probably greater than it conviction, and having nothing new to which to was two decades ago, although it was dense tie. enough then. Twenty or twenty-five years ago in student Christian summer conferences a period But the contrast between half a generation ago each day was usually assigned to mission study and now must not be exaggerated. We are prone and appeals for missions were heard regularly to view the past through rose-hued glasses and to from the platform. Today mission study has look backward for some golden age. Except on dropped out of practically all, if not all, such a very few campuses, and intermittently even gatherings. Addresses on missions may still be there, missions have never been a consuming inheard from the platform, but slighting remarks terest of more than a small minority of students. about them from speakers are also not unknown. The majority of their fellows have always re- garded prospective missionaries as a little ec- Moreover, student idealism tends to be diverted centric and perhaps even mildly demented. It is into other channels. Two decades ago it was a rare institution in which the ignorance about widely felt in student Christian circles that the missions has ever been anything but colossaL highest form of consecration was the dedication Even though the prevailing atmosphere is less of one's life to foreign missions. The foreign favorable today than it was a quarter of a century missionary enterprise was regarded as the best ago, it was not then particularly conducive to medium through which to express that idealism commitment to missionary service. which fortunately is characteristic of many of our youth. Today student idealism seeks to rid the Moreover, and fortunately, colleges, univerworld of war, to solve race conflicts, and to dis- sities, and theological schools still exist where the cover an escape from some of our industrial ills. environment is favorable to missions. From them More often than not, moreover, this idealism does students continue to offer themselves for service not think of Christian missions as a means toward abroad. They may be declared by the pessimist to the attainment of these goals. be survivors of an older era, the last remnants of rapidly crumbling bulwarks against the new age. A smaller factor, but still important, is the de- This, however, cannot be said of all of them, for clining incomes of the boards and the consequent among them are some of the most progressive and failure to appoint some individuals whom the highly esteemed schools in the land. Students campus has known. The impression thus gets are, moreover, offering themselves today with abroad that more missionaries are not really as devoted a spirit as they ever have – even though in smaller numbers. There are indications needed. that the tide may have begun to turn. Reports of Then again, widespread uncertainty exists as an increasing serious interest in religion come from British universities, and may be the foreto the need for missions. Even strong Christian leaders, both graduate and undergraduate, are

MODERN YOUTH AND THE MISSIONARY APPEAL

On the Program of the Coming Student Volunteer Convention MILTON T. STAUFFER, D.D. THOMAS JESSE JONES, Ph.D., Minister of the Reformed Church LL.D., Educational director of the Phelps Stokes Fund; in in America and Lecturer on 1920-21, chairman of the Edu- Missions and Non-Christian Re- cational Commission to West, ligions in the New Brunswick South and Equatorial Africa, in (N. J.) Seminary; formerly mis- 1924 to East Africa; author of sionary in China; editor of "The "Education in Africa," "Four Christian Occupation of China"; Essentials of Education," "Es- for six years Educational Secre- sentials of Civilization," and other volumes. tary of the Student Volunteer Movement.

KENNETH S. LATOURETTE, SAMUEL G. INMAN, LL.D., Ph.D., Professor of Missions and Secretary of the Committee on Oriental History, Yale Univer- Cooperation in Latin America; sity; formerly on the faculty of sometime lecturer in the Uni- Yale-in-China; author of "The versity of Chile, Northwestern Development of China," "His- University, and Columbia Unitory of Christian Missions in versity; author of "Trailing the China," and other books. Conquistadores" and other books on Latin American problems. ALDEN H . CLARK, D.D., For- eign Secretary of the Congrega- DANIEL J. FLEMING, Ph.D., tional Board of Foreign Mis- Professor of Missions at Union sions; for twenty-six years a Seminary; formerly of Forman missionary in India, where he Christian College, Lahore, India; founded the Nagpada Neigbor- author of "Contacts with Non- hood House, Bombay, and was Christian Cultures," "Whither moderator of the Council of In- Bound in Missions," "Marks of dian Churches of West India; a World Christian." author of "India on the March."

RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER, P. H. J. LERRIGO, D.D., M.D., D.D., Corresponding Secretary Home Secretary and Secretary of the Board of Foreign Mis- for the Belgian Congo of the sions of the Methodist Episcopal American Baptist Foreign Mis- Church; formerly secretary of sion Society; medical missionary the Missionary Education Move- in Alaska for two years and in ment; author of "The World Service of the Methodist Epis- the Philippine Islands for eleven copal Church." years; author of "Rock Break- ers," "God's Dynamite."

WALTER JUDD, M.D., for six WILLIAM McE. MILLER, mis- years medical missionary of the sionary to Persia for ten years; American Board at Shaowu, China, one of the most disturbed in student work with the Inter- areas of Fukien Province; trav- national Committee of the Y. eling secretary of the Student M. C. A. for two years; member Volunteer Movement, 1924-5 and of the traveling staff of the Student Volunteer Movement, 1931. 1931-32.

KENYON L. BUTTERFIELD, WILBUR B. SMITH, Senior Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. LL.D., Counsellor on Rural in Egypt and Palestine; for six Work of the International Mis- years Candidate Secretary of sionary Council; formerly president of the Massachusetts Agri- the Student Volunteer Movecultural College, of Michigan ment; for five years a secretary State College, and of the World of the Y. M. C. A. in India. Agricultural Society; author of "The Christian in Rural India,"

"The Rural Mission of the Church in Eastern Asia."

STUDENTS OF YESTERDAY WHO ARE MISSIONARY LEADERS TODAY

runner of what is to happen in America. Those tion," which had such compelling power upon stuwho have recently traveled a good deal through dents of twenty-five or thirty years ago, has been the colleges in the interest of missions report allowed quietly to slip into the background. We greater openmindedness and less disillusioned speak rather of trying to meet some of the social sophistication than they found four or five years and economic problems of our day which must ago. be at least partially solved if civilization is to go on. Many of us have a conviction that the pro- The number of new student volunteers has in- gram of the missionary enterprise must be radicreased, as compared with four or five years ago. cally readj usted to meet the rapidly changing Those of us who have been present at some of the challenges of our day-that if it is to endure and conferences for outgoing missionaries, held dur- serve the present age it must not perpetuate all ing the past few years, have been impressed with of the program of an older generation. the commendable quality of the new appointees. It is probably impossible to compare accurately Beneath all these changes in the form of the the average ability of the recent appointees of the appeal and in the organization and program of major boards with those of a few decades since, missions there are motives and objectives which but some of us have the impression that it is, if abide. In more than one group of outgoing misanything, somewhat higher than it was. Cer- sionaries, with which some of us have met in these tainly it seems to be higher than it was in the later years, the emphasis upon the need of peryears just after the World War when large num- sonal transformation through the Gospel of Christ bers were sent abroad, financed by the wave of has been quite as great as it was two or three post bellum giving. At least some of the boards decades ago. Altered though many of the misare today unusually careful in making appoint- sionary methods and machinery may need to be, ments and are more strict than ever in their ap- and different though the conditions under which plication of a wide range of tests given to ap- missionaries work undoubtedly are, the basic conplicants. victions which send young people out into the enterprise have remained constant. There is a In some respects the form in which the appeal profound sense of the world's need and of the for missionary service is made today differs radi- power of the Gospel of Christ to meet that need. cally from that of twenty or thirty years ago. There is, too, the belief that any social renova- Then students were often told that as missionaries tion must come through reborn individuals. We they would be leaders, possibly holding positions may not hear quite so much of such terms as sin, of prominence in helping bewildered peoples repentance, faith, and regeneration, but the facts through the revolutionary transition into the back of these terms are still prominent in the world of Occidental culture. It was an age of consciousness of the outgoing missionary. It is Western imperialism, in which idealism spoke in significant that addresses on the Cross of Christ terms of "the white man's burden"-of serving are making a profound appeal to some of our most "backward" peoples with the conviction that they modern-minded American youth, and that here were "lesser breeds" who for an indefinitely long and there groups of students are trying by earnest period would be incapable of self-government. practice to discover for themselves the resources Today, after the humiliation of the Great War and of prayer. the rising tides of nationalism in the East, the white man is more humble and in missionary Is this, after all, anything but what we should circles we talk of cooperation with younger churches, we say to the prospective missionary expect? As Christians we believe that the Spirit that he must rid himself of any remnants of a superiority complex, must keep himself in the of God is still at work in the world, that He still background, and must seek to be great by being servant of all. We are a bit sensitive, too, about convinces men of sin and of righteousness, and using military terms which may seem to imply that missions are a form of imperialism, and such that the Gospel of Christ remains the power of phrases as "the Christian Occupation" or the "Conquest of the Cross" are not in good odor. God unto salvation to everyone who believes.

Rightly or wrongly, moreover, the watchword Centuries ago Paul told the Corinthian Christians "the evangelization of the world in this genera- that changes would be ever with us-old knowl- edge and old conditions giving place to new-but that faith, hope, and love are abiding needs and realities. He spoke as truly for our age as for his own.

The primary interest of the Christian college is in persons rather than in subjects or things. Its fundamental aim is the development and encouragement of the personality of tJ:te student.

-PROFESSOR LUTHER WEIGEL.

Present Day Summons*

A New Call to Service-By John R. Matt I I '.::l[ A Review by the REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D. D. ]t:.. Author of "The Foreign Missionary" ~================================~ I N his latest volume on the present world situa- sure that the readers of the REVIEW will be in- tion Dr. Mott deals with a crisis. Perhaps the word has been rather overdone, but no other terested in the foIIowing statements by Dr. Mott: so adequately expresses the situation that con- "The past twenty years have witnessed incomfronts the Christian people of this generation. That situation is certainly a crisis to them. No parably greater changes in the world than any other living man has a wider background of knowledge and experience in dealing with it than other period of like extent. The same is true of Dr. Mott. He occupies a unique position of influence in the Christian world. He has been one the world mission of Christianity itself, whether of the leaders of the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions for forty years. In one has in view its field of concern, its complexity, 1895, he organized the World's Student Christian Federation and for twenty-five years was its Gen- its pace, or its governing motives or objectives. eral Secretary, and then its Chairman. He was for a long period Secretary of the Foreign Depart- These changes and present-day trends, if we but ment of the International Committee of the Y. M. C. A., and General Secretary of its National grasp their implications, present an irresistible Council. He was Chairman of the two greatest summons to the Christian forces of both Occident missionary conferences of the twentieth century- and Orient. . . . It is evident that the period The World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh on which we have entered is to be the most exactin 1910, and the Jerusalem Conference in 1928. ing in its demands because of the forces which op- He has traveled more widely in the mission field pose us, the many grave and emergent issues than any other man, and has probably a wider which demand attention, and, above all, the fact acquaintance with Christian leaders, both at home that there are so many more Christians now living and abroad. In all these varied positions he has displayed the ability and wisdom of a true Chris- than ever before who have awakened to the heroic tian statesman. implications of the Christian Gospel. . The publication of his "The Present-Day Summons to the World Mission of Christianity" is "World-wide trends and outlook compare favortherefore an important event. The basis of the ably with those I have found at any time since the volume is the lectures that he delivered on the Cole Foundation in 1931 at Vanderbilt Univer- beginning of my first-hand observations in 1895. sity, but he has added considerable material. In a series of suggestive chapters he discusses World I do not overlook certain adverse facts which Trends, The Summons of Rural Life, The Summons of Industry, The Summons of Race, The would seem to contradict this contention. For Summons to Share, The Summons to Serve, The Summons to Cooperate, The Summons of the Liv- example, we cannot ignore the existence and graving Message, The Summons to the Home Base, and The Leadership for this Momentous Day. An ity of the misunderstandings among nations. It extensive bibliography and a fuII index add to the value of the book. It is not easy to make a selec- would be difficult to name a country which, judged tion from such a wealth of material, but we feel by words and actions, understands its neighbors • "The Present-Day Summons to the World Mission of Christialnity", near and far.

By John R. Mott, LL.D.. 325 pp. $2.50. Cokesbury Press, Nashville, Grounds for Optimism Tennessee, 1931. "If adverse facts like these can be given, the question may well be raised: How can the posi- tion be maintained that on the whole the inter- national outlook now is more reassuring than it was, for example, two and three decades ago? I would venture to support the statement by a few facts. In the first place, there are today twenty voices and pens speaking and writing to foster right understanding between nations and to pro- mote good wiII and cooperation among them where there was one such voice or pen thus engaged twenty or thirty years ago. This is in itself a most potential .fact. It means that through the influence of men who do much to affect thought and action, the attitudes and practices of peoples which might formerly have been characterized as [13 ]

passive or as drifting can now be spoken of as at- Christian schools only; now the majority are in titudes and practices of taking initiative and ac- government secular schools. They also cepting responsibility for bringing about larger study abroad. Just now the number in the United understanding and cooperation. The light is now States from Japan, China, the Philippines, Korea, being turned upon situations, practices, and prob- India, and Turkey is 550. Noone can estimate lems which might otherwise have been the occa- the influence of each one of these as she returns to sion of serious misunderstanding, bitterness, and her native land. We might make the attempt by strife. thinking of each one as one thousand. Mrs. Her- "Another ground for optimism regarding the man Liu comments in a suggestive way on the re- international outlook is the fact that all over the sults of study abroad: 'It is very interesting to world there is coming forward a new generation notice that returned girl students from who expect to devote themselves to ushering in a America usually become doctors, social workers.

new day in respect to furthering good will and A great many of them marry and become better constructive cooperation among the peoples of all home-makers. Returned girl students from Eng- lands. In countries like China and Japan they land are practically all teachers and usually stay are rapidly rising into the ascendant. Within two single; from France they are usually "free in decades, probably less, a sufficient number of them their thinking"; while from Russia they are revo- will be in positions of major importance to deter- lutionists, and, nay, Communists, too!'

mine the policy and practice of the nations. . . . Tendencies in Education The great internationalism is the world mission of Christianity. The tens of thousands of mis- "In the realm of education we witness develop- sionaries, as ambassadors, interpreters, and medi- ments, emphases, and tendencies of great signifi- ators, are doing more than any other one factor cance. Within the past two or three decades there to throw out strands of understanding friendship has been throughout Asia and in parts of Africa and unselfish collaboration between the peoples of and the Pacific island world a great multiplication Asia, Africa, and Latin America on the one hand. of universities, colleges, and schools under: govern- and those of Europe, North America, and Aus- ment or other secular control. In these areas, as tralasia on the other. in the West, the increase in enrollment of students "The most notable social trend of our day is the has been enormous. Whereas formerly the at- world-wide awakening and uprising of women. tendance upon these institutions was drawn large- The changes which have been wrought in their ly from more favored groups, it is becoming in- social status and outlook during the past thirty creasingly democratic. More and more the em- years make a difference not of decades but of cen- phasis is being laid upon the purely secular or ma- turies. Still greater changes are now in progress. terialistic. This is seen in the curricula, in the No one can foretell what the next two decades expenditure on equipment, and in the general in- will witness. The world over, education fluence on the studying youth.

has been the key which has unlocked the door to "Thus we find advancing by leaps and bounds higher life and greater opportunity for women. vast secular systems of education with limitless The most significant fact is that women governmental resources and authority at their everywhere owe their present enlarged opportuni- back. At the best their attitude toward religion ties to only one of the founders of the great reli- is neutral. In practical effect, however, it is more gious systems. This is naturally more evident in often anti-religious. The net influence all over those lands where other religious systems still hold the non-Christian world is to develop indifference sway, where life is not so complex, and, therefore, toward all religion. This tendency is strengthened where the lives of women as affected by these sys- by the aggressive propaganda of anti-religious tems are as yet an open book. The gen- movements. The result is that the tradi- eral trend has been upward and outward and on- tional beliefs of vast numbers of students in the ward, and since the Great War the acceleration is lands of the non-Christian religions have been ever more rapid. undermined; and in many nominally Christian "Every period of transition has its dangers, but countries, such as those of Latin America, South- the present is heavy-laden with them. When old eastern and Eastern Europe, and Western Asia, religions and social sanctions are going or gone the students have become, as the Germans says, and no others equally binding are being substitut- konfessionslos-that is, without religious affilia- ed, there must be confusion and human wreckage. tion. One cannot without alarm contemplate this Almost too quickly are these women breaking out trend. What could be more serious than a leader- from seclusion and oppression and restraints into ship for the generation of tomorrow without the the swift currents of this modern age. In early anchoring, guiding, and uplifting power of reason- days, girls were sheltered as well as educated in able and vital religious faith?

JOHN R. MOTT ON THE PRESENT DAY SUMMONS

"Happily, by the side of many of these non- because the religious forces are so numerous and varied and are manifesting such widely different Christian systems of education, the world mission aspects. The impression which one today receives from face-to-face contacts with the non-Christian of Christianity has established its own educational religions is that of gradual disintegration. Un- der the influence of modern science, secular civilwork. If the cause of Christian educa- ization, and historical criticism, as well as of the world mission of Christianity, these systems of tion is to triumph in the face of this grave situa- faith are losing their hold as sources of vital en- ergy and as practical regulative influences on life. tion, it must concentrate on the qualitative, as con- This is particularly true of the educated classes.

trasted with the quantitative, aspect of its pro- "Notwithstanding any handicaps which the world mission of Christianity may suffer because gram. It cannot hope in the matter of numbers of divisions between or within the great Christian communions, the overmastering fact is that the to keep pace with the government and other purely influence of Jesus Christ was never so widespread, so penetrating, and so transforming as it is today. secular institutions, but in the realm of character It is impossible to furnish accurate figures, but it is probably a conservative estimate, based on such building-the development of the entire personal- returns as are available, to say that fully twenty millions of men and women in non-Christian areas ity-it can, if it will, not only excel but also make of Asia and Africa are now looking to Christ for guidance, for redemption, and for power infinitely an indispensable spiritual contribution which no greater than human, where there were less than two millions looking Christward thirty years ago. government or other secular agency can supply. If this be true, it is a stupendous fact. Moreover, the Christward movement is gathering The supreme advantage of Christian education is momentum from decade to decade. Quite as sig- nificant as Christ's conquest of individual lives is that it seeks to counteract the destructive effects His ever-widening sway over whole areas of life and of human relationships. There are multiplyof the purely intellectual approach by providing ing signs on every continent of the quickening of the social conscience. One might almost maintain education for the whole life. To this end, while that Jesus Christ creates the social conscience. Be that as it may, of one thing we are certain: the Christian educational movement must pre~ that where He is best known and obeyed there we find conscience most sensitive and responsive. It serve and strengthen its position of respect and is highly significant that more and more in the lands of the non-Christian religions Christ is beinfluence in point of the thoroughness, up-to-date- ing recognized as the last court of appeal in morals. 'He stands before men as plainly greater ness, and truly progressive character of its intel- than Western civilization, greater than the Chris- tianity that the world has come to know.' " lectual leadership and processes, it must with con- viction make its major contribution in the sphere of religious education. Its chief and constant con- cern must be its product in character and spirit.

This involves paying great prices. It must turn a deaf ear at times to alluring appeals to concern itself chiefly with large numbers. Rather let it deliberately and resolutely center on developing only so many institutions as can be maintained with the highest Christian efficiency. This prin- ciple, in turn, involves preserving at all costs an adequate staff-adequate in contagious Christian conviction and character. Central in all their thinking, planning, contacts, and service will be the influencing of the motives, the springs of ideal- ism, the action of the will through laying secure through bases of faith and through exposure to the Ever-Living and Ever-Creative God as re- vealed in Jesus Christ.

"It is impossible to characterize in any adequate general terms the religious trends and outlook, If the simple, straight, thoroughgoing religion of Jesus Christ could be given free course all through the life and work of each Christian, we should see this world emerging from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the sons of God. We must believe that Jesus knew what He was talking about and meant what He said. We must care supremely about His way, and very little about anything else. What would happen if the whole Church of Jesus Christ should put aside its man-made rituals and creeds and should give itself over to one thing-the finding and following of the way of life which Jesus teaches? This is a hard and anxious time. The world is losing faith in its other gods. The spirit of science is more humble; big business is less sure of itself; the world is lonely and afraid. It is a great day in which to be a Christian.

THE REV. WILLIAM P. MERRILL, D.D.

PRAISE AND PRAYER FOR THE NEW YEAR REASONS FOR THANKSGIVING AND PRAISE The eternal Good News that Christ brought to men to show the way out of troubles and sin and into right relations with God and our fellow men.

The more than twenty thousand ambassadors of Christ who are working amid diffi- culties in the non-Christian lands.

The many thousands of Christians who are working as missionaries in the home mission fields of Europe and America.

The faithful Christians in every land and of every race who are proving by their characters and lives the power of Christ to transform character and equip for life.

The Christian stewards in the home lands who are earnestly promoting the work of Christ by their prayers, their sacrificial gi fts and their service – in the home, in the Church, in business and in society.

The Christian Churches and other organizations that are working to make known Christ and His message, to lead children and youth in the way of Life, to educate, to enlist for service, to help the weak and the suffering-under the direction of the Divine Saviour.

The widespread Christian spirit of brotherhood that leads men to relieve suffering, to bring economic relief, to promote social justice and international and interracial good- will among men.

The signs of spiritual awakening in America in individuals, in colleges and in churches; for the revivals in Korea and India, in the Philippines and Papua, in Africa and Persia; for the great forward movements in Japan and China and Burma.

SUBJECTS FOR SPECIAL PRAYER The special Week of Prayer, January 3rd to 9th, in all churches. Never was this more needed. The financial depression, suffering, widespread unrest and prevailing sin, call for prayers of faith. The following topics are recommended by the Federal Council of Churches for the Week of Prayer, under the general subject: "Preparing the Way for the Living God": Sunday, January 3-A Deepening of the Consciousness of God. Proverbs 29:18; John 14 :6.

Monday, January 4-Faith in and Loyalty to a Conquering Christ. Ephesians 3 :14-21.

Tuesday, January 5-The Leadership of the Holy Spirit. Acts 1 :1-8; John 16 :7-14. Wednesday, January 6-International Goodwill and Cooperation. Isaiah 2 :15; Micah 4:4-7. Thursday, January 7-The Protection of the Home and of Youth. Deut. 6 :1-9; 2 Timothy 2 :1-16. Friday, January 8-The World in a Day of Depression. Luke 4:18-19; Matt. 25 :31-46. Saturday, January 9-A World-Wide Spiritual Revival. Habakkuk 3 :2.

More than ever this year, in a period of depression, when countless men are disheartened and fear- ful, our churches are summoned to united prayer and intercession in order that the awakened sense of our inexhaustible resources in God may inspire the faith and hope and love which the world so sorely needs.

These suggestions for prayer, selected and prepared by the Commission on Evangelism, are sub- mitted to pastors and people everywhere, in the hope that the prayers of many may ascend to the Lord as the prayer of one man.

It is to be remembered that not only in America, but in many other lands, as a result of the circu- lation of a similar call for prayer by the World's Evangelical Alliance, this same period will be observed as a time of prayer.

Thomas Carlyle said, "Prayer is and remains the native and deepest impulse of the soul of man." These times of distress and strain should drive Christians everywhere to the place of prayer and make them more dependent upon God. A revival of prayer in the churches of America will go a long way toward helping us to meet the deepest ills of the present day.

Let us begin the New Year in prayer; then, with ever-increasing faith as the weeks go by, we may end it with a great shout of Christian triumph.

NeV Trends in

America .. :Jl By JOHN A. MACKAY, Litt. D. J!: ..

Mexico City, Young Men's Christian Association I N his book the "Epic of Artigas" the Uruguayan cible in a way which has not happened for gen- poet, Zorilla de San Martin, describes the An- erations and so becomes a challenge to all the dean region of South America as a "rosary of creative Christian forces which can be brought to craters in eruption." Having in view recent hap- bear on the life of these nations.

penings throughout· the Latin-American world, The Cordoba Student Movement this descriptive phrase might very well be applied to political conditions not only on the Pacific sea- In 1918 a revolutionary movement broke out boa r d but throughout the among the students of the old whole area. At least fifteen of Argentine University of Cor- the twenty republics w h i c h Latin America has been called doba which will doubtless ac- compose the Latin American a "rosary of craters in erup- quire increasing significance group of nations have been tion." Few people realize the in the life of Latin America. convulsed by revolutionary The students rose in revolt movements in the course of great significance of these re- against the traditional univerthe last year or two, and cent revolutionary movements sity regime. They launched a others are not without inter- in fifteen republics. They rep- Manifesto to the "free men nal rumblings. resent a change in ideals and of South America." This are a challenge to creative Manifesto is a symbolic docu- To a superficial observer Christian forces. As Dr. ment; it represents the advent these countries might appear Mackay clearly shows, the of a class consciousness in the to be hopelessly committed to new generation of South revolutions as a pol i tic a I student revolts show a new American youth. Formerly method. A knowing and sym- class consciousness. There· is youth had been no more than pathetic student of the situa- a colorful biological episode tion is aware, however, that a religious awakening and a in the life history of men. It r e c e n t revolutionary move- new "Spanish Christ" is pro- claimed – a living Christ in contrast to the eternal babe or a dead Christ. Read what Dr. Mackay says of the evi- ments have had very special dences of the evangelistic now became sculptured into causes and that in a number movement as "an increasing a social class. of cases they represented a de- force." This m 0 v e men t spread cided break with former po- through most of the univer- litical ideology, in spite of the sity centres of the Continent.

violent method employed to give expression to the At first it represented no more than a reaction new ideals. The fact is that in the political life against the University regime, but in the course of Latin America principles begin to take the of time it took on a distinctly social, and later place traditionally occupied by "caudillos." There a political color. University students, members of is a decided trend towards the impersonaIisation a class which traditionally had been uninterested of politics. These countries have undoubtedly be- in labor and in the problems of the proletariat, fore them a long and b~tter period of storm and suddenly discovered a burning social passion in stress, but no one is entitled to be cynical or skep- many parts of the Continent. This was specially tical regarding their future. true in such countries as Chile, Peru and Mexico, On the other hand, the present situation is one where the labor problem was most acute.

in which thought and life have gone into the cru- The Peruvian movement was the most interest- [ 17]

ing and dynamic. Under the leadership of Haya do for the economic and spiritual emancipation de la Torre, a young man of old colonial blood, the what the last battle of the Revolutionary War did students and labor organizations of the Peruvian for political freedom. Religion, as a purifying capital formed a united front of manual and intel- and creative force, will be treated with sympathy, lectual workers. They organized a People's Uni- but clericalism and parasitic religion will be comversity to which they gave the name of Gonzalez batted as it has been in Spain. Prada, the famous Peruvian radical of the previous generation. His dictum: "Age to the grave; This whole trend sets a new task for the misyouth to the task" formed the battle cry of the sionary forces interested in Latin America. If new movement. Every evening classes were held they are to have a real future in these countries for working men and women in some part of the and are to make a genuine spiritual contribution city or surrounding districts. An ethical passion to them, they must see to it that in the domain of inspired the pedagogical task. A multitude of politics and economics the countries from which workers received a new vision of life and of hu- they come shall deal with Latin Americans in acman dignity. Some industrial districts became cordance with Christian principles. If not, then wholly transformed; the Indians of the Sierra be- the day may conceivably arrive when, in utter desgan to send delegates to Lima to plead that some- peration, these Latin countries will follow Russia thing similar be done for them. However, a dicta- and exclude every kind of spiritual influence emtorial government which was keeping a watchful anating from lands which they regard as their eye upon the movement realized that student lead- oppressors. ers were obtaining too much power. Suddenly the latter were exiled and the movement was smashed. The New Status of Religion Banished to different parts of Europe and the A few years ago a distinguished Argentine Americas those students clung tog e the r in writer, Juan B. Teran, described South America thought. Their brilliant and indefatigable leader as the most, irreligious part of the world. He sketched a new organization called the Popular meant to say that in spite of the prevalence of Revolutionary Alliance of America. In 1924 he traditional religious forms, true religion as a entered Russia as a communist at the special invi- fountain of inspiration for conduct and the transtation of the Soviet Government. He saw every- formation of life practically did not exist. While thing and left Russia, as he said, "cured of Com- admitting to a large extent the truth of this inmunism forever." New influences began to play dictment one is bound to say that in recent years upon his life. Studies in Ruskin College, Oxford, religion has been set in a new perspective by in the London School of Economics and in Berlin; thinking people, while abundant evidence exists close contact with British and continental social- that religious preocccupation of a very real kind ists; enthusiasm for the Chinese Kuo-ming-tang; is making its presence felt in Latin American a profound study of the economic and sociolog- society at large. Nowadays the so called "intelical situation of Latin American countries, led lectual" can have religious interests and lead a re- Haya de la Torre to dream of an anti-imperialistic ligious life without it being thought, as would league formed by Latin American lands. In this have been the case a few years ago, that he had way a new political ideology came to the birth sacrificed all claim to be considered intellectually which is as genuinely South American as the ex- respectable. pression of Fascism is Italian and that of Communism is Russian. One striking index of the rising tide of religious interest is the popularity of semi-religious sects The significant thing about all this is that at and societies which have made their appearance the last Peruvian election Haya de la Torre and on the Continent. Theosophy in particular has his new party, in spite of their very radical pro- been making very great progress, especially in the gram, and the fact that the party was a completely more cultured section of society. Less than three new one and their leader had been back to the years ago the President of the Theosophical Socountry for only a few months before the elections ciety, a Hindu and a doctor of philosophy of the took place, came very near winning at the polling University of Cambridge, made a triumphal lecbooths. Sooner or later this party will come into ture tour around South America. Garbed in Oripower and with it another era will break in South ental attire and lecturing in faultless Spanish, he American politics. One of the major issues which filled the largest theatres and university audiwill be tackled by the Cordoba generation, and un- toriums in the centres which he visited, expounddoubtedly on a continental scale, will be the prob- ing the principles of Theosophy and addressing lem of Latin America's economic independence. himself on each occasion to the elite. A new Ayacucho is being dreamed of which will Theosophy makes a many sided appeal at the present time. Its orientalism proves extraordi-

SOME NEW TRENDS IN LATIN AMERICA

narily attractive in countries where everything The Other Spanish Christ Eastern has come to be surrounded by a rosy nim- The student of Spanish Catholicism is aware bus. The fact that Stanley Jones knew India and that a double religious tradition has been running Gandhi gave him a drawing card in South Amer- through the religious life of Spain and the counica. Theosophy also appeals because it offers an tries of Latin America. One tradition has been architectonic world view and inculcates methods symbolised by the typically Spanish Christ, a dead of concentration which help in daily life. figure who is never regarded by the popular re- ligious consciousness as anything save the immor- One of the most interesting institutions in Mex- talization of death. This Christ has never said ico City is a new organization called the Uni- anything to living men. When an ordinary Argenversal Institute of the Impersonal Life. A few tine citizen of today wishes to express the thought years ago a booklet, issued by one of the many that somebody or other has sub-human qualities or original sects in the United States, fell into the is a "poor devil," he says "He is a poor Christ 1" hands of an employee of the Post Office Department in the Mexican capital. He became attracted The other tradition centres around the Christ by it, was converted to its tenets, and translated of the great Spanish mystics of the sixteenth cenit into Spanish. The little volume became the tury; the Christ of St. John of the Cross, of Santa basis of a new indigenous sect which, in the course Teresa and St. Luis de Leon; the Christ of the of a few years, has made thousands of converts in great Spanish reformers, the Valdez brothers, Mexico City and the provinces. The organ of this Juan Perez and Cipriano de Valera; the Christ of group is called Dios: una Revista Filos6fica (God, the eminent Spanish Christian writer, Don Miguel a Philosophic Review). de Unamuno. For all these Christ is the living one who was dead. The new attitude towards religion in university circles is demonstrated by the fact that in the course of the last few years several Christian lec- "The Lord walks among the kitchen pots," said turers have given courses on religion, or distinctly Santa Teresa, writing to the inmates of one of religious addresses in a number of universities in the religious houses she had founded, encouraging Latin America. One thinks in particular of courses them by these words to realise that they could given on the Philosophy of Religion in the univer- have their Lord's presence amid the most menial sities of La Plata, Argentina, and Lima, Peru, by tasks.

Don Julio Navarro Monzo, an Argentine journalist "Christ lives in the fields" said Fray Luis de and writer, who, for a number of years has been Leon focusing religion in the open air and on the lecturing on Christianity throughout the Conti- world's highways.

nent under the auspices of the Young Men's Chris- "Christ is Jesus" and "Jesus means health" said tian Association. A few months ago Dr. George the same writer in a great book "The Names of P. Howard, who represents a number of mission Christ" which he wrote during a five years im- boards in a cooperative evangelistic effort in South prisonment in a dungeon of the Inquisition in Val- America, lectured on Christianity in the Univer- ladolid. He had been confined there for having sity of La Paz. The present writer can bear testi- translated part of the Scriptures into Spanish mony to the fact that students and faculty groups prose. By saying that Christ is "Jesus" Fray Luis throughout the continent are willing to give a meant that true Christianity is spiritual health most attentive and enthusiastic hearing to anyone introduced into the soul by the presence and power who is able to present to them the fundamental of Christ.

truths of religion in relation to the problems of In our own day Don Miguel de Unamuno, the modern life and thought. All this is entirely new restorer and successor of the Spanish mystic tra- in the Latin American world and has taken place dition, finds in the famous painting "The Christ"

within the last few years. of Velasquez the true Christian significance of Recent happenings in Spain are bound to have Jesus Christ. Influenced by the thought of Blaise a far reaching influence not only upon political but Pascal, who said that Christ has not ceased to also upon the religious life of Latin America. The agonize in the souls of His people for the redemp- prestige of the Roman Catholic Church, as an in- tion of the world, Unamuno maintains that "The stitution bound up historically and organically Christ" of Velasquez represents the eternal truth with the Spanish state and the Spanish spirit, has of Christianity, Christ never ceases to carry on been shattered. The way is now open, as it has an agonizing struggle in the lives of His followers.

never been before in the history of Spain and His- In this conception the soul and its Lord, life and panic countries, for a revaluation of the reform religion, are indissolubly bound together.

movement in the sixteenth century, and for a These great souls are beginning to speak afresh serious consideration of the question as to whether to the Spanish world. It is gradually being borne the Iberian race did not lose its way religiously. in on the minds of thoughtful Spaniards and Latin

Americans that there is another Christ in the re- City the ordination of the first Mexican bishop of ligious tradition of their race. A first striking the National Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1931 recognition of the fact that the Christ of popular a suffragan bishop was ordained to guide the faith does not represent the Christian Christ takes destinies of the National Protestant Episcopal the form of a notable book entitled "The Invisible Church in the country. Christ." It was written four years ago by one of the leading literary men of Latin America, Dr. The development of the evangelical movement Ricardo Rojas, ex-rector of the University of in Brazil is little less than extraordinary. This Buenos Aires. In the course of an analysis of the great republic has now within its borders nearly Image, the Word and the Spirit of Christ, Rojas one million evangelical Christians, including the repudiates the "poor Christ" of popular tradition. families of church members. The new Federation He proclaims himself a denominationally unat- of Evangelical Schools is the largest organization tached Christian, but one for whose life and of private schools in the Republic. The young thought Christ means everything. The publication evangelical churches now support a Brazilian Misof this book marks a new era in the attitude of sionary Society to Portugal and another to the Latin American intellectuals towards Christ. Indians of the interior. It was the recognition of the real indigenous character of the evangelical The Evangelical Movement movement in Latin America which led the Inter- national Missionary Council at its enlarged meet- Little space is left in which to express one's ap- ing in .Jerusalem in 1928 to invite these countries praisal of the evangelical movement on the Latin to become represented on the Council by three full American Continent. Evangelical Christianity is members. becoming an increasingly potent spiritual force and in a number of countries it has now become a When one considers the growing potency of the national indigenous movement. new evangelical youth movement in the River- Plate republics of Argentina and Uruguay, the This is particularly true in Mexico and Brazil. ability, ideals and enthusiasm of their members, The new religious laws in Mexico obliged the evan- there seems to be no limit to what may be expected gelical churches to a thoroughgoing nationaliza- of the evangelical movement in Latin America in tion which has been most beneficial for their the years ahead. spiritual life. In 1930 there took place in Mexico The Bible, a Cure for Depression By Robert E. Speer When the days are dark, men need its light.

When the times are hard, men need its comfort.

When the outlook is discouraging, men need its confidence.

When despair is abroad, men need its word of hope.

There are luxuries that may well be spared. There are even necessities that can be cur- tailed. But the Bible, indispensable at all times, is still more indispensable in times like these today.

The Bible is not a book of political maxims or of economic theories. It is not a book of maxims or theories at all. It is a book of living principles. Its spirit is the spirit of brotherli- ness and goodwill. It is a summons to helpfulness: "Bear ye one another's burdens." It is a summons also to self-respecting independence: "Let every man bear his own burden." It teaches charity, but also justice. It calls us to the giving and serving which the strong owe to the weak, and those who have to those who lack; but it also strikes straight and clear at the moral defects in individuals which are responsible for a large part of the poverty and suffering of the world; and also at the moral and economic defects in society, in business relations, and in the distribution of the common resources of the world, which are responsible for the re- maining part.

Christ is the only hope of individuals and of society. And the Bible is the only book which tells His story. It alone preserves His words, which are spirit and life. It alone records His deeds by which He saved the world, and would save it now if we would obey Hint The best thing men can do is to spread the Bible and to get it read and obeyed. This would be the end of hard times, of poverty, of unemployment, of injustice, of wrong, of war.

A VIEW OF THE SHIPPING IN RIO DE JANEIRO HARBOR FORTY-FIVE YEARS

Brazil-Yesterday ,Today and TomorroV ..~I I Bv the REV. H. C. TUCKER, D. D. I'c. . Rio de Janeiro Agent of the American Bible Society r ~~~============================~ W HEN I first went to South America in standards were generally of a low order. Social 1886 Brazil was an empire with a popula- custom made the home largely a place of seclusion and woman's position one of retirement. An en- tion of about 14,000,000, of whom a mil- lightened free press existed in only a limited delion and a half were slaves of African origin. The gree. The supply of wholesome, instructive literofficial census four years later, reported that ature dealing with social, moral and religious racially 6,200,000 were whites, 2,000,000 blacks, problems was very meager. 1,200,000 Indians and 4,600,000 mixed. Educational facilities were provided chiefly for sons of Along the coast the cities and towns were poorly an aristocracy of wealth; fifteen per cent of the built and badly kept; the streets were narrow, population had acquired some education and the roughly paved and dimly lighted. Comparatively teaching force was largely clerical. Roman Ca- little attention was given to hygiene and health tholicism was the state religion, though a degree measures; sewerage systems, if they existed, were of religious liberty was guaranteed by law. The mostly of a primitive type, and the water supply census showe!i 13,851,500 Roman Catholics, only was often very inadequate. Yellow fever, small- 20,000 Evangelical Protestants, and 120,000 of pox and other diseases were prevalent and dis·· other sects; 7,000 claimed to have no religious astrous epidemics were frequent. Malaria, tuberbeliefs. culosis, venereal diseases, and leprosy were wide- spread through the country, and there was ap- Forty-five years ago Brazil was practically parently little thought or effort to control or without the Bible. Religious instruction was con- exterminate these evils. Hospitals were poorly fined to the Roman Catholic Catechism, the oral equipped and accommodations were limited. traditions of the Church and the observance of There were no professionally trained nurses. The rites and ceremonies were perfunctorily performed in Latin. Prevailing moral ideals and [21 ]

AN A VENUE IN RIO AS IT IS TODAY enhance her popularity and give security to her position. The measure quickened interest in ideas rate of infant mortality was very high. Organ- of freedom and liberty. ized play and athletics were unknown. A military uprising in November, 1889, over- In those days industries were few, life was threw the monarchy, it banished the Imperial chiefly rural; agriculture was the principle occu- family to Europe and established a dictatorship. pation, and was carried on with primitive meth- There was no organized resistance to the sentence ods, and without equipment and transportation of banishment. The Emperor quietly submitted facilities except by the pack-mule and ox-cart. and on the night of his embarkation he called a There were few factories; only a few railroads servant and had him fill a little sack with earth ran from coast cities short distances into the in- from the garden, saying: "When I die in Europe terior without cross-country connections. There I wish my head to rest on Brazilian soil, for they were no modern port improvements in any of the will never let my body be buried here." many harbors along Brazil's three thousand miles of coast. In the St. Vincent Church, Lisbon, in 1913, I saw the former emperor's embalmed body with The Imperial Government had diplomatic and the head resting on that pillow of Brazilian earth. consular representatives in some foreign countries Later the sentence of banishment was revoked and and a few Brazilians occasionally traveled abroad, the bodies of the Emporer and Empress were rebut the nation did not figure largely in interna- moved to Brazil. tional affairs, or in scientific and other world conferences. The military dictatorship, dominated by August Comte's philosophy of Positivism, issued a series W,hat of Today? of liberal decrees of far-reaching influence. These decrees included the complete separation of The first great social and economical change in Church and State, establishment of civil marriage Brazil was the freeing of a million and a half of as being the only legal marriage, the secularizaslaves by Imperial decree signed in May, 1888, by tion of the cemeteries; the substitution of lay for the Princess Isabel, who was then on the throne clerical teaching in the schools and the swing from temporarily in the absence of her father, Don languages to mathematics as the basis of the edu- Pedro II, who was in Europe. He was growing cational program. old and the daughter was heiress to the throne. Abolitionists persuaded her that this stroke would A constituent assembly was also convoked to organize a constitution and the Assembly adopted the Constitution of the United States of America, with a few slight changes, and the political and civic machinery for the Republic was inaugurated.

These social and political changes were followed by others of far-reaching influence in the indus- trial and economic order. These included largely the gradual introduction of modern machinery and office appliances-such as the typewriter, electricity, automobiles, wireless telegraphy, mov- ing pictures, radio, aeroplanes, etc. Many new products for home consumption and exportation have been added to gold, diamonds, hard woods, coffee and rubber. Cotton mills have increased fiftyfold since 1886 and many factories have been established. Railroads and telegraph lines have been extended, and extensive city and town im- provement schemes have been carried Olit together with the development of harbors and methods for handling shipping and freight.

Brazil has also become increasingly interested in world affairs and in more recent years has been worthily represented in scientific, economic, in- dustrial and cultural congresses. Her representa- tives at the Hague, in the League of Nations and at other international and world conferences, have made real contributions to these gatherings.

The abolition of slavery, the overthrow of the

BRAZIL-YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW

monarchy, and the establishment of a republic, tional responsibility have developed. Brazil has and the promulgation of liberal decrees have in- begun to make a more scientific survey of her cited the Brazilian mind to work on new in- tribution she will be called upon to make to human tellectual and social problems. Personal liberty, welfare in the development of these resources. the right of the individual to think for himself, and greater freedom for the press have liberalized Along with the new ideas and imported devices thought and stimulated research. Popular edu- have come some dangerous influences. One has cation has been extended and improved technical been the development of a disastrous materialism. and professional courses have been provided. The Rapid industrial and economic expansion has population has increased from fourteen to nearly given rise to extravagance and waste; huge debts forty-two millions, while literacy has grown from have accumulated, and the credit of the country has been seriously damaged.

A SCENE IN A PUBLIC SQUARE IN RIO FORTY·FIVE YEARS AGO fifteen to twenty-five per cent. The cry heard on These changes have also affected social customs. every hand today is for the education of the natural resources and to evaluate the possible conmasses. Women now go about the streets of the cities un- accompanied and hundreds are employed in stores Interest has also been awakened in the large and offices. A real feminist movement is making Indian population of the interior. The Federal rapid headway. Problems of health and hygiene Government and religious organizations are en- are being studied and dealt with efficiently. Nurse deavoring to educate, elevate and christianize training courses are sending well equipped young these red brothers of the forests. Colored freed- Brazilian women as professionals into hospitals men and their offspring enjoy equal privileges and private homes. Interest in organized play for with the whites, and it is claimed that no color children, games and athletics introduced by the line is drawn. These conditions have brought Protestant missions are spreading everywhere. about a number of interesting social, racial and ethnological problems which students and sociolo- Moral ideals and religious thought and life also gists have begun to study. show marked change. The Brazilian mind was shocked to find that by a stroke of the pen the in- A national consciousness and sense of interna-

fallible and all-powerful Church could be set aside from the original Hebrew and Greek and the inand the Roman Catholic Church has had to adjust creasing circulation of the Scriptures have proherself to the new conditions. The necessity for voked the Roman Catholic Hierarchy to provide self-support has caused an increasing activity the New Testaments in Portuguese with notes and during these recent years. comments of the Church fathers.

Protestant missionary work has increased and Evangelical missionaries have also done valuits influence has become a recognized factor of able pioneer work in efforts to exterminate yellow growing importance in the intellectual, social, fever, combat the spread of tuberculosis, venereal" moral and religious life of the nation. Its edu- diseases and leprosy, in promoting health and cational work creates interest in helpful literature hygiene, the care of the teeth, proper feeding and directed play for children and other features of social welfare. Close contacts have been estab- lished with public authorities and a comprehen- sive interpretation has been given to the Gospel message and its social implications in human life.

In what direction do these changes, movements and activities point? God only knows, but we may base reasonable hopes on experience and observa- tion. Brazil may easily become the home of a happy, prosperous population of a hundred and fifty millions by the end of the present century, and there will still be room for more. Over one million uncivilized Indians will be absorbed by the amalgamation process and in a few centuries there may develop a homogeneous race made up MODERN SHIPPING IN RIO HARBOR for all ages and stations in life. Evangelism and AN AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY COLPORTEUR AT WORK the preparation of a native evangelical ministry have been rewarded with encouraging success. of the Portuguese, Indian, ' African, German, The communicant membership of the 20,000 has Italian, Japanese and other elements now minincreased to more than 135,000 among native gling freely together. It is quite certain that the Brazilians. The Sunday School enrollment has traits of the white races will predominate as at grown from a few hundred to more than 121,000 present. Brazil will become more and more the and a number of self-supporting, self-governing greatest laboratory in the world for the student churches, with Brazilian pastors, have been built of ethnology, eugenics and sociology. up. Including immigrant and foreign residents there are more than 300,000 Evangelicals. It is Natural resources will be developed and the estimated that, including children, more than one nation will become increasingly industrial, though in forty of the population are adherents of Pro- she will continue predominantly agricultural. testant Christianity. Popular education for the masses will bring higher intellectual and social levels if secularism The Coming World's Convention is counteracted by spiritual forces and the mes- sage of God's revelation. There is great hope for The progress of evangelism and Christian edu- the triumph of the living Christ in the hearts of cation has justified the Worlds Sunday School As- the nation. sociation in accepting an invitation to hold the Eleventh World Convention at Rio in July, 1932.

Popularizing the reading of the Bible has been one of the chief factors in this Evangelical movement. Two great Bible societies, the British and Foreign and the American, and their representatives, with the cordial cooperation of missionaries and national workers, have increased the annual circulation of Scriptures from 15,000 forty-five years ago to about 400,000. Publicity given to the work of translating the Bible into Portuguese

and the Round Table

~'I By the REV. WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Ph. 11:'. N ew York Secretary Board of Foreign Missions, Reformed Church in America A FEW months ago a writer in the New India. Dr. Durant speaks contemptuously of the York Times Book Review brought under distinguished Indians who attended the first review three recent books presenting Round Table Conference at London, apparently three contrasting views of the tangled Indian because they did not include the Irreconcilables, question. They were Romain Rolland's "Prophets whom he seems to favor. of the New India," Will Durant's "The Case for India" and Edward Thompson's "Reconstructing It is with a feeling of solid satisfaction that one India." takes up the book of Professor Thompson, who really knows modern India and is eminently fair These three books belong to strongly contrast- minded. He admits serious faults of British rule. ing types because they come from different levels At the same time, he does full justice to the many of the mind. The first book is inspired by re- Indian reformers and advocates of progress. He ligious emotion, with enthusiasm which might sees both sides and is fair to both. He is a besometimes be more persuasive if it were more liever in Dominion Status for India and holds measured. The second book is inspired by po- high hopes of the Round Table Conference. litical emotion to such a degree that the author appears to see only one side of every question Lord Macaulay, who was a member of the Vicewhere India is conoerned. The third stands roy's Council in India in the third decade of the apart. The author really knows India from resi- last century, made this significant statement in dence in that country and participation in its in- the House of Commons in 1833: "It may be that, tellectual life. He writes with accurate care and having become instructed in European knowledge, is scrupulously fair to all parties. they may in some future age demand European institutions. Whether such a day will come I Romain Rolland undertook a difficult task and know not. Whenever it comes, it will be the carried it out with scholarly patience, but with a proudest day in English history." certain lack of the sense of measure. He has made far more available than before a mass of The Round Table Conferences held in London well documented material regarding the life and at the close of 1930 and of 1931 would seem to be activity of a group of remarkable men, distin- of the nature of a fulfillment of this prophetic guished for the breadth, as well as the depth, of utterance of the great historian. They have their thought. As to the manner of his present- opened new epochs in the history both of India ing Ram Mohun Roy and Keshub Chunder Sen, herself and of the relations between India and one has nothing but praise; but when he comes Great Britain. For the first time considerable to Ramakrishna and Vivekananda, one feels that delegations of Indians, representing all races and his emotions get the better of his judgment. religions and classes in India, have sat around a table with a delegation representing all parties of Dr. Durant's book is inspired by political emo- both Houses of the British Parliament to discuss, tion. One who is acquainted with India cannot on a basis of complete equality and with nothing but conclude that he is somewhat uncertain as to his facts. For example, he lays the blame for excluded from the field of conference, what the India's famines on British rule, but the highly authoritative Cambridge History tells us that in future of Indian government should be. For the the reign of Muhammad Tughluq, a contemporary of Chaucer, there was "the most severe famine of first time Indian Princes sat around the table with which we have any record in India," lasting for seven years. Again he speaks of Mr. Gandhi as the representatives of all classes in British lndia "the spiritual and the political leader of 320,000,- 000 Hindus," apparently forgetting that there are and agreed together that the new Constitution many millions of Mohammedans and Sikhs in should include all India within a single federal constitution, under which responsibility for both central and local government should rest, subject to a few important and specified limitations, in Indian hands. For the first time the representa- [25 ]

tives of Great Britain declared that the time had familiar with the India of the past, in which the come for the primary responsibility for the In- effective responsibility for Indian government has dian government to pass from British to Indian rested in British hands. It seemed so venture- shoulders, provided that a constitution could be some and gigantic a move in a continent contain- drawn up and accepted which would do justice to ing as many people as Europe without Russia, and the minorities in India, subject to certain safe- divided within itself as Europe is divided. But it guards and reserve powers for which Great seems quite clear in the developments of recent Britain will remain responsible, to the interest no months and weeks that, except in certain rela- less of India than of Great Britain, during the tively narrow circles, the discussions of the Con- period of transition. ferences have convinced not only the British mem- Whatever the future may bring forth, it will bers, but public opinion in general, that the time be impossible to undo the fundamental work thus has come when in India, as in Australia, Canada, done by the Round Table Conferences. They have South Africa and Ireland, a definite breach must started India and Great Britain on a new road, be made with the old type of empire, that India from which there can be no turning back. This must follow in the footsteps of the other Dominis indeed a recent trend which, in all human ions and be free to work out her future by conprobability, will give permanent direction to the stitutional means in her own way. This concluprogressive responsible government of India by sion seems to have been arrived at not only be- cause it was right in itself in this day and generathe Indians. tion, and the only course consistent with the new British Commonwealth, but because it was the Hitherto most of the energies of Indian politi- only way of avoiding, both for India and Great cians have been devoted to getting rid of British Britain, the disasters of the American Revolucontrol, which they felt both humiliating in itself tionary era. Some have wanted to believe that and incompatible with their own political, social the transition to responsibility in India could and economic achievement. Hereafter the prob- come gradually and imperceptibly, but there is no lem before them is the framing, and then the evidence in history to justify this belief. At this working, of a constitution which will enable the stage of the proceeding the transfer of governraces and religions, the princes and people, of mental power from one set of hands to another India to govern themselves on constitutional lines, is truly a tremendous event and it takes place, in the adoption of which they have had the con- not imperceptibly, but either by violent revolution trolling part. The British people and the states- or by definite constitutional action. The signifimen who have represented them in recent years, cance of the critical but definite decisions of the with a few emphatic exceptions, would seem to Round Table Conferences is that the time for a have reached the conclusion that, provided a constitutional revolution has arrived. workable constitution can be framed, responsibility for Indian government shall pass to Indian At the time when the old British Raj was built control, in the center as well as in the Provinces, up, government in India was exclusively the consubject only to safeguards in the interest of cern of hereditary or military autocrats. The justice to minorities and of stable government. basis had always been the same, military power reinforced by hereditary or religious sanctions. The vital question today is whether Indians Nowhere had it any popular or democratic charthemselves can agree upon the constitution under acter. The will of the autocrat was absolute and which their government shall in future be con- public opinion in the modern sense had almost ducted. For at this writing there would seem to no instrument of expression, nor any effective be little doubt that, if they succeed in reaching sway. So long as the old structure of Indian agreement on a constitution which is at once thought and society continued, India, save for a workable and just to minorities, the British few patriots, was content. Government was not Parliament will enact it as it di.d in the case of the concern of the people but of the princes and the constitutions drawn up by and with other the gods. Great Britain had proved herself the Dominions. strongest among the rulers who were forever com- The Alternatives There can be little doubt that the completeness peting among themselves for power and prestige.

with which the Round Table Conferences and the To the mass of the people it meant little who was mass of British public opinion have accepted the ruler; the life of the countryside, the rotation of principle that Indians should in future be respon- plowing and reaping, birth, maturity and death, sible for their own government, both in the center the ritual of caste and religion, went on unchang- and in the Provinces, subject to safeguards during ing and unchanged. Good rulers kept taxes low; the process of transition, came with something of bad rulers brought poverty in their train. In so a shock and surprise to those who have been far as the British Raj brought the end of war and

INDIA AND THE ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES

kept taxes low, it was acquiesced in as the agent, would certainly refuse to be a party to the conon the whole, of a beneficent Providence. tinuing repression and probable bloodshed by which the old British Raj could alone now be But for some decades, conspicuously since the maintained. The Round Table Conferences have Great War, that point of view has been changing. certainly been right in concluding, with the prac- India has been following, at first slowly but later tical unanimity of their widely differing memberwith startling speed, in the footsteps of the rest ship in so far as representation is concerned, that of the world. Macaulay opened the sluice gates of the one hope for the future is to place the respon- Western education in 1835, when his vote on the sibility for Indian government, subject to safe- Viceroy's Council decided the great question of guards and reserves in the transition period, on making English and Western culture dominant Indian shoulders, under a sane and well balanced in the educational systems of India. The Civil constitution. Service of India, recruited so largely from Englishmen of broad education and a controlling sense Conclusion of justice, has led inevitably, by the process of self-communication of ideals, to the dominance of Immense, therefore, as are the risks and dift1the principle of self-determination. The resistless culties which lie ahead, difficulties of casting in determination of the modern world, that law and a vast sub-continent like India the conventions government should reflect national opinion, that and habits of mind which will make it possible economic life should be brought under conscious for a stable government to be derived from a still control, that poverty and inequality should be re- largely illiterate population; the difficulty of creatmoved or destroyed, is actively at work in India ing a political party system in a country in which also. There is hardly a village which is not now minorities claim separate and special representareached by the vernacular press preaching a dis- tion, there is practically no alternative to followcontent, or which has not had a returned soldier ing the trail clearly and courageously blazed by telling about the outside world and of Asiatic these Round Table Conferences. It would seem nations which have emancipated themselves from to be that road or chaos. The primary diffiwhite domination. culty in India will probably be to secure the abandonment of the campaign for immediate in- The old India has gone, or is rapidly going, and dependence by non-violent civil disobedience, and with it the old British Raj is inevitably going also. the co-operation of all elements in the far more The old form of government through a bureau- laborious and less exciting task of agreeing upon cracy, eft1cient but detached from the new life a constitution which will actually enable Indians stirring among the people, is as inadequate for to become responsible for their own government. modern India as it has proved to be for Great That is the real test of Swaraj. Can India develop Britain and America. Government must now rest the statesmanship which will recognize this? Can with a body amenable in constitutional ways to she agree to accept a constitution and work it Indian opinion. Not only is such a step right in patiently and successfully? On the answer, by itself, and the logical result of the presence in Indians themselves, to that question will depend India of the British and of British institutions whether India is to be a self-governing, constituthemselves; it is the only way of avoiding in India tional unit or not. government by repression which, when it is continued by an alien power against the consent of In any event, there would seem to be no practhe governed, never has lasted and never can last tical alternative to proceeding along the lines in the modern world. roughly mapped out by the Round Table Confer- ences. In this difficult and dangerous situation It is sternly true, therefore, that the alter- the road of responsibility, with safeguards in the natives which lie before India today are constitu- period of transition, is apparently the only road tionalism or chaos. The third policy still adhered which wi11lead India past the Scylla of chaos and to by a few strong statesmen in England, of try- dismemberment on the one side, and the Charybing to maintain the old British Raj through the dis of military despotism on the other side, to conresolute determination of the British Government stitutional self-government. It is the only road by to govern India whatever the cost, is an alter- which it is now possible to win over India to connative no longer. The consent of all classes in tentment as a Dominion-an equal partner within India to such a solution has clearly been with- the circle of the British Commonwealth of drawn and British public opinion, in the light of Nations. the development of the diminishing British Empire but the growing British Commonwealth,

A Banker Looks at the W arId*

..:{ By HUGH R. MONRO, Montclair, New Jersey President of the Montclair National Bank; Vice-President of the Niagara Lithograph Company T HERE can be little doubt that one of the its intellectual opportunity, and its domestic tran- least cultivated areas of our common think- quility, as more or less typical of America and the ing is that which has to do with an in- rest of the world. Of course he knows that there telligent outlook upon world conditions. It is not are certain backward nations and a number of that we are wholly ignorant of political move- formidable social evils to be dealt with; but his ments in other lands or the major happenings in sense of these things is distant; they are merely world affairs; but there is singular absence of disagreeable facts which in the light of general knowledge concerning the social and moral status world progress may be regarded as having of a large portion of mankind. Even among diminishing importance.

Christians who profess a deep interest in the After leaving Mr. Green I found myself with world-wide work of the Church, a flood of thoughts, chief among there are few who can summon them this: Is Maple Avenue anything approaching a compre- How does a banker-one really a true sample of the hensive picture of the present who deals largely with world? Take for example that state of human society. This is money and material things steaming New York East Side an important question. From -look at the present moral on an August night with its din, the standpoint of a proper and economic crisis in the its smells, its pallid children, its standard . of culture such a world? Does he see chiefly fire escape bedrooms, its sufferworld view must be regarded a ing and its crime. I thought of first essential; from the Chris- the weakness of interna- vast sections of similar squalor tian standpoint its lack is a sign tional credits, the problems in Philadelphia, Chicago, San of unpardonable ignorance. of transportation and the Francisco and other cities. The A recital, which may be con- supply of the world's mar- people of America as a whole enjoy a standard of living unsidered more than parable, will kets? Does he look upon paralleled in history; and yet add point to this observation: the millions of China and how small a portion of the land I n d i a as possible pur- resembles Maple Avenue in the Mr. Green, a well-to-do mer- chasers? What is the chief slightest degree. chant, has been for a number of cause of trouble and what years a resident of Maple Ave- is the cure? These and My mind turned to the festernue, one of the newer and more other questions this Chris-: ing East End of London; to the attractive streets of our city. tian banker answers for sodden conditions of great sec- He is cultured, respected, an himself-and perhaps for tions of Glasgow, Manchester elder of the nearby Park Church. you. and Liverpool; to the widening As we returned from church areas of destitution in such together yesterday he spoke with enthusiasm of the increas- cities as Paris, Berlin, Vienna, ing beauty of the neighborhood, Rome and Naples. I was oc- mentioning especially the new high school build- cupied not alone with the poverty and physical ing, regarded as one of the finest in the state. distress of these cities, but with visions of their Mr. Green was of the opinion that modern educa- breeding plots of discord, disease, crime and social tion, supplemented of course by the work of the unrest against which education and sanitation ap- Church, was rapidly spreading enlightenment pear to make little advance. The drear aspects of throughout the world. He said that the present the scene are not unrelieved by brighter vistas, world troubles are but the growing pains of an especially as the smaller nations of northern advancing civilization. I gained the strong im- Europe are brought within view; but with all such pression from our talk that Mr. Green thought values fully considered there remains an enormous of Maple Avenue with its architectural dignity, debit of human misery.

Turning toward eastern Europe the prospect • The author disclaims responsibility for the title of this article as darkens perceptibly. People live under unstable well as for the implied economic outlook. H. R. M.

[28 ] and in some cases despotic governments even the lot of this vast human sector compare with though they may be nominally republics. There our own? A press dispatch reports that one milare State Churches which admit of little or no lion children in a single Chinese province died true religious freedom; economic conditions are last winter of cold and hunger. Another item oppressive. Russia is increasingly recognized as says that ninety-five per cent of the population the chief menace to world security and peace. If can neither read nor write. This vast country imperialistic autocracy has been overthrown, a is without any effective central government. social order has been substituted under which Revolution is on every side. War-lords oppress masses of the people are reduced to practical the people for their own gain; bands of brigands slavery. This new order has not only discarded sweep down from the hills to harass the terror most of the recognized elements of civilized so- stricken people; opposing national armies move ciety, but has attempted to abolish religion, to across the scene, leaving a scene of death and uproot the moral sanctities, to destroy the home desolation. There have been recent disasters of and to make mockery of the marriage tie. This flood and famine. A correspondent has recently is the plight of more than one hundred and fifty cabled his New York daily that one-half of the millions of people who less than a score of years population of China is in a condition of destitution ago were citizens of a proud empire occupying a and distress on account of warfare, famine and conspicuous place in the family of nations. flood.

The peoples under review thus far represent Terrible as these calamities are they do not approximately one-third of the world's population. complete the story. Gigantic moral evils are eat- It is that portion of the world whose civilization ing like a cancer at the life of China; hoary superhas been moulded in some measure by Christian stitions hold the people in bondage to fear; tradiconceptions and ideals. And while it is sadly true tions and customs effectively bar the way to that only in small degree and in much the lesser emancipation and progress. Their misery makes part of this vast area have these conceptions taken them an easy prey of Communists. It is entirely deep root, it remains that Europe and America, clear that the one hope for the future lies in that including such English-speaking dominions as deposit of saving salt which Christian missionary Australia and New Zealand, embrace nearly all of effort has planted in the midst of the life of China. the enlightenment, humanitarianism, progressive- Even a small group of enlightened native leaders, ness, beneficence, and physical well-being to be incorruptible in character might, as in the hisfound on the face of the globe. tory of other nations, tum the tide of evil and lead these bewildered, suffering millions into a As we turn to the so-called "backward" peoples brighter day. of Asia and Africa, the scene undergoes violent change. However broad our racial sympathies, In India many aspects of the picture appear we can find little satisfaction in an attempt to even darker. The three hundred and forty milview these great human problems from the stand- lions (one-fifth of the human race) endure a dispoint of the backward peoples themselves, since tressingly sorrowful and despairing existence. their whole outlook is distorted by the corruptions During the last generation, through improved livand limitations by which their lives are confined. ing conditions, the people of America have added Ignorance will always remain the antithesis of ten years to the life span, whereas the people of knowledge; superstition of enlightenment; cruelty India have lost ten years. Several recent and of humanity; and degradation of character. widely read books on Indian life will reveal the Moreover the emancipation of a portion of the nature of this virus which is destroying the fibre human race from these malign influences has been of this unhappy people. The plight of more than the main fruit of centuries of advancing civiliza- fifteen million child widows is one of the most tion. shuddering tragedies which has ever come to womanhood. The Hindu religion is responsible This great non-Christian world raises issues for widespread moral corruption which is maniwhich stagger the imagination. Here we find fest in degrading scenes sculptured upon its more than two-thirds of the human family living temple walls, the evils of child marriage, the social under conditions little understood by the vast inequity of the caste system, and slavery to many majority of those who bear the name Christian. forms of vice. Poverty in India is so oppressive that at least sixty millions of the people are never China, with its four hundred and twenty mil- free from the gnawing pangs of hunger. One lions, embraces one-fourth of all mankind. It is would despair for the future of this distressed probable that ninety per cent of Americans have people were· it not for the growing strength of never seen a Chinese boy or girl, or a Chinese the Indian Christian Church; in its vital influence woman, and yet every fourth boy and girl and and leadership is India's one ray of hope. woman in the world is a Chinese. And how does

In Africa, what devastating sorrows have swept higher values of our American civilization have over the one hundred and forty millions of dark- come. Miracles of social transformation and skinned people during the past century. The spiritual uplift support the highest hopes of like iniquitous slave traffic, the rum traffic, and other conquests even among the earth's most backward cruel oppressions for which the white races have and oppressed. been largely responsible, have been supplemented by such indigenous evils as tribal warfare, can- A banker's well known predilection for analysis nibalism, witch doctors, degrading superstition, may justify the following by way of summary: and revolting heathen customs inherited from a hoary past. While a century of missionary effort (1) The Christian holds the key to a correct has lessened the gloom of dense African darkness understanding of present disturbed world condiwith streaks of light, nevertheless it still remains tions. The causes of present economic distress "the dark, sobbing continent." are at root moral: they were introduced by an iniquitous war; they were advanced by an orgy Another vast continental domain-and perhaps of senseless speculation; they are perpetuated by the least understood-lies almost at our doors. world-wide fear and distrust. We hear much of the glamor of the beautiful coast cities of Latin America, as it is called from (2) Benevolence has become sadly unbalanced. the racial origin of its peoples, but much less of Millions of dollars have been poured out for the the great interior with its primitive life and its mere aesthetics of college and university equipintellectual and moral desolation. A large part ment in America, when millions of boys and girls of the seventy millions of South America must are wholly without educational opportunity in still be numbered among the backward peoples other parts of the world. Luxurious hospitals of the earth; illiteracy in many parts reaching as multiply in number; and the medical professiDn high as eighty and even ninety per cent. War- has become Dvercrowded, while vast sections of fare and revolution are almost constant, and the world's population have no medical attention political morality at a low ebb. There has been whatever. In some areas the ratiO' is one physician much exploitation of the poor Indians and the ecclesiastical oppression by the powerful Roman or nurse tOo each half milliDn peDple, in cDntrast to Church is comparable with that of the pre-Reformation period in Europe. Great stretches of un- one to each one hundred in America engaged in the evangelized territory are still found in the heart war against disease. Many Df Dur philanthropists of South America. find it difficult tOo discover worthy objects, and To deal separately with the lesser nations would mean too great an expansion of this narrative. frequently bestow vast sums on undertakings of There are vast areas that are still practically little value, while modest sums intelligently used untouched by the Christian Gospel. In fact there abroad are changing the lives and environment of are millions more of unevangelized people in the many thousands. There are in certain backward world today than when the era of modern mis- countries opportunities for judicious investment sions began. which would go far toward ameliorating the dis- tressed condition of millions of people and even Expressed in figures the spiritual balance sheet might have a decisive influence in directing the is as follows: Out of a world population of 1,800,- course of an entire civilization. 000,000 less than one-third (500,000,000) have been brought into touch with the Christian Gospel (3) At the root of the most serious difficulties in either the sense of a knowledge of its saving which beset the world today is the decrease of message or the experience of its benefits as ex- vital Christian faith. On every hand there are pressed in well-ordered civilized society. If only signs that the influences of a materialistic age evangelical Christians are included the figure have not only had a benumbing effect upon the would be reduced to a fraction of the above. life of the Church at home, but have brought a chill to its enterprises abroad. In each of the While there is little in the world outlook to many similar eras of spiritual declension during suggest the peace and happiness of Maple Avenue the past nineteen centuries the corrective has been and the tranquil outlook of Elder Gr.een, yet his- a widespread spiritual awakening. There can be tory reminds us that Maple Avenue, and all other no other remedy now. havens of social content, are the fruits of a Christian inheritance. A mere glance at the moral and The one essentially new feature in the world social status Df Europe in the Middle Ages shows situation is the drawing together of the peoples how profound was the influence of the recovery of of the earth through easy communication and the Bible, with its liberating message, upon every commerce, so that solidarity and interdependence phase of life, also the source from which all the now exists. Today the influence of any powerful movement in one nation is immediately· felt by all the others. We believe that the next great Spiritual Visitation will be international in its scope.

N evv Vision of Home

..:( By REV. WILLIAM R. KING, D. D., New York 11:·· Executive Secretary, Home Missions Council A number of Conferences have been held to carry forward the constructive program of the North American Home Missions Congress held in Washington, D. C., a year ago. Cincinnati, Ohio; Seattle, Washington; Portland, Oregon; Oakland, San Francisco, Berkeley, Sacramento and Los Angeles, California; and Denver, Colorado, were the centers in which programs of strong Home Mission interest were presented. The 1932 series of conferences begins in Indianapolis, January 18th and other conferences will follow through the year to carry to the Churches the message, spirit and conclusions of the Home Missions Congress, with the results of the studies of the new Five Year Program.

T HE North American Home Missions Con- 2. We see, as never before, the magnitude of gress, which was held in Washington in the task, the size and complexity of the enterprise, December, 1930, and the Findings of the and the wide range of interest. Five Year Program of Survey and Adjustment of the Home Missions Council, have given us a new The territory reaches from Point Barrow, the vision of Home Missions. They have enabled us most northern settlement in Alaska, to the West to see Home Missions as never before. Several Indies and Central America, from within 18 dethings stand out clearly in the picture. grees of the North Pole to within 18 degrees of the Equator, and from the Atlantic to the P::tcific. 1. We see more vividly the long and interest- It includes Canada, the United States, the West ing road over which we have been traveling for Indies, Mexico and the Canal Zone. three centuries. Over this vast expanse there is scattered a Some have said that Foreign Missions are more noble army of faithful missionaries, pastors, interesting than Home Missions because of their evangelists, teachers, doctors, nurses, community romance. Distance seems to lend enchantment to workers, itinerant missionaries, colporteurs and the one, while familiarity breeds contempt for the general superintendents. other. That depends upon what one means by romance. If you mean fiction that has no founda- Twenty-six denominations, constituent to the tion in fact, then neither fit the conception for Home Missions Council, in 1929 reported 16,196 both have to do with facts and deal with tre- home missionaries laboring in 18,123 different mendous realities. enterprises at an annual expenditure of $17,061,- 701, in addition to specially designated gifts, But, by romance, if you mean that unusual in- which run into thousands of dollars. terest that gives scope to imagination and idealization, that dash of chivalry that challenges ad- We see HOll.1e Missions as Big Business. miration, that spirit of adventure that stirs the heroic within us, then Home Missions has all the 3. Over against this magnificent history and glamour and dazzle of romance that we desire. these immense resources of men and money, we see a third thing-the Unmet Needs. Home Missions are inseparably linked with North American history-their development and For over three years the Home Missions Couninterests intertwine. There is nothing more cil has been making surveys of the field. These romantic or interesting in the eventful history have opened our eyes wider, and enabled us to of America than the heroic efforts to plant the see much more clearly the unfinished task. Half Christian Church on these shores, and the story the total population of the country is outside of of its slow and tedious conquest of the nation any kind of a church, Catholic, Jewish or Prothrough three hundred years. testant. Our attention has been called to the scattered populations of the changed rural areas, From the high peak of the Washington Con- the unreached thousands of our great modern gress we look back over the long and winding and cities, the exceptional groups in our mountains diverging roads of Home Missions in their march and industrial centers. There are large groups across the continent, and in our hearts exclaim of people to whom the Gospel is not even being "What hath God wrought." preached and there are large areas without the ministry of any church.

[ 31 ]

These facts disturb us, to think that after all in large measure upon the way in which we treat these years so many are unreached, for whom this matter. The lack of interdenominational co- Christ died. They are men and women to whom operation is holding back the success of the He commissioned his Church to "preach the Church all along the line. This failure to work in Gospel." These unmet religious needs come as an harmony is wasting our resources, weakening our inescapable challenge. programs, discrediting our testimony and belying 4. We have a new vision of the changed char- our essential unity. acter of Home Missions and the necessity for new means and new methods, and for a larger Chris- Bishop Charles Wesley Burns of the Methodist tian statesmanship. Episcopal Church, in a recent address to the Cali- fornia State Church Federation, referred to "Co- Much of the old Home Missions has gone and a operation in Christian work," as "the most imnew Home Missions is arriving. The day of the portant question at the present time in the inpioneer, the covered wagon and the frontier has terest of human welfare." He declared that "it is passed. Ve are now living in a new America and not the ecclesiastical or historical emphasis that in the twentieth century. will save the churches but actual practical every- day cooperative work." There is apparent today the great need for a new Home Mission statesmanship. A statesman- Dr. Mott, in his great closing address of the ship able to see the changed conditions, able to National Congress, said "In every hour during discern the new character of Home Missions, able this creative gathering we must have heard the to see the work in relation to the total task of the summons to a larger unity. Never have the divi- Church, and able to be unafraid and adventurous sions among Protestant Christians, at home and in the face of great difficulties. abroad, seemed to me to be so unnecessary, so unwise, and therefore so unChristian as they do This larger statesmanship can not be worked just now." He gave us six reasons for a more out by mission boards and missionary secretaries perfect cooperation in our Home Mission workalone. They are doing their part. They are awake to the new day and the new demands, but The overwhelming magnitude of the task they must have help. There is entirely too much The difficulty of the undertaking "passing the buck," whatever that may mean, in. The urgency of the present situations this matter, to national organizations. Our Home The necessity of economy Mission Boards can go no faster than pastors and The enrichment of spiritual life laymen will allow them to go. They can do no The triumphant apologetics it would give us more than the Church will enable them to do. 5. Again we have a new vision of the im- This larger statesmanship for which the Congress portance of Home Missions in this day, and the pled includes us all-mission boards, missionary necessity for a new emphasis upon this task in our secretaries, national, regional and local ecclesi- churches.

astical bodies, and officials, pastors and church We came away from Washington with the con- members. viction that the rnost urgent immediate and in- Furthermore, this statesmanship must be able sistent task of the Church in this day is the mak- to cross denominational lines. It must be able to ing of America Christian. There is nothing see the strategy of interdenominational coopera- America needs so much today as Christ.

tion. Will Durant in an article in the October Red Denominational programs can no more be built Book, entitled "America on Trial," pointed out solely within denominational circles than our na- in his brilliant way, eight things wrong with tional policies can be determined without taking America: into consideration all the other nations of the 1. The Melting Pot is not working earth. 2. Our Agriculture is bankrupt Cooperation was perhaps the biggest word in 3. Our Industrial System has broken down the Washington Congress. It came up in every 4. Our Democracy is a failure group and entered largely into the consideration 5. Our Cultural life is superficial and vulgar of every question-problems of the city, difficult 6. Our Moral life is in chaos rural situations, work among the Indians, 7. Our Civilization is dying Mexicans or New Americans-sooner or later all 8. The Drama of Protestantism is reaching its must come to the question of interdenominational close cooperation. Any man, who is alert, can catalogue a long list This is one of the most important matters now of things that are wrong in America. It takes no facing Protestant Christianity. The solution of great wisdom or unusual skill to paint a very every other problem of the Church today depends distressing picture of our country and our times.

THE NEW VISION OF HOME MISSIONS

The difficulty is not in knowing what is wrong, The task of Home Missions is to reveal Christ to America, especially to the fifty millions or more but it seems to be in knowing how to make things who are unreached and neglected.

right. Not only is this necessary for the salvation of Our politicians do not seem to know. They America but to fulfillment of our Home Mission task and for the salvation of the Church. have had time enough and opportunity enough to The Church is on trial in America. She is facset things right, but the more they do, the less ing her Waterloo. Organized Christianity has failed in other ages and in other lands. It failed they seem to accomplish. in Russia; men of prominence tell us that it has Our captains of industry do not seem to know. failed in Europe; will the Church fail in this age and in this land? Surely they have had all the time and opportunity Such a catastrophe could happen. Will it hapneeded to bring about better conditions, but the pen? It depends, in my judgment, primarily upon more they talk the less intelligent they seem- the way in which the Church meets her Home Mission task. Her spiritual battlefields, where and the longer they control affairs, the more dis- the destiny of organized institutionalized religion is to be determined, are not on the avenues of our tressing the conditions become. large cities where stand our great cathedrals, but Our economists and sociologists do not seem to in their slums "where cross the crowded ways of life"; not in the cultured county seat towns where know. There has never been a time when they are to be found our most delightful pastorates but in the hills and mountains of the hinterlands. talked more and said less than today-none of them seems to know the way out. Their pro- The Church of Christ must be made to appre- ciate the importance and urgency of Home Misnouncements are a confused clashing of opinions sions. It must be made Home-Mission-minded. There must be a revival of interest and zeal for -and muddling of issues. this work. We must correct the false impression When will America come to see Jesus Christ that the task has been accomplished. It was never greater than today, it was never more urgent than as her true counsellor? Only when the Church today. The total life and success of the entire truly lives and shines into every dark corner of Church both at home and abroad never depended more truly upon Home Missions than in this very this great land. Only when the Gospel is preached period through which the world is now passing. to all the people in every part of this vast domain, The Washington Congress was convinced that with such power and conviction, and passion, and the day has come for a great Home Missionary advance in North America. earnestness, and sanity that the unchurched and 6. Lastly, the new vision has given us a more unevangelized multitudes will be impelled to come spiritual conception of our task and a deeper feelto Him and be saved. ing of absolute dependence upon the Spirit of God We cannot have a saved nation of unsaved and the leadership of Jesus Christ in this great enterprise. I can do no better than to quote two people. America's fundamental trouble today is paragraphs from the Findings: not in economics, not in industry, not in politics, Again and again we have been thrilled by a sense of how far we have come toward a Christian North America. not in government, not in sociology, not in educa- But again and again we hav,e been arrested by a sense tion, not in moving pictures, not in stock markets, of how far short we are of the ideal of Christ for these nations. We have come far enough to glimpse the Promised not in unemployment-America's fundamental Land. But to pass over into it seems beyond our strength. We felt, as Stanley Jones has put it, that "We cannot go trouble is in the realm of religion-irreligion- further until we go deeper."

anti-religion—eccentric religion-America must What we need, and what we believe the Church at large needs, is a renewed and more vital consciousness of God; have Christ. He is her only hope. a sense that Jesus is Savior and that there is none other, President Hoover, in his opening speech of the either for the individual, or for society; that without Him we can do nothing; that through Him we can do anything Unemployment Drive last October, said: that needs to be done. We must strive to interpret these convictions of our Christian faith in life and in language I would that I possessed the art of words to fix the real that will capture the attention and allegiance of our fellow-Christians. issue with which the troubled world is faced into the mind and heart of every American man and woman. Our coun- try and the world are today involved in more than a financial crisis. Weare faced with the primary question of human sroeclaiettiyonas~dwhtoichthereadcehpeths to the very depth of organized of human conscience.

This civilization and this great complex, which we call American life, is builded and can alone survive upon the translation into individual action of that fundamental philosophy announced by the S~viour nin~teen cent~ries ago. Part of our national suffermg today IS from faIlure to observe these primary yet inexorable laws of human relationship. Modern society cannot survive with the de- fense of Cain, "Am I my brother's keeper?"

No governmental action, no economic doctrine, no eco- nomic plan or project can replace that God-imposed r~­ sponsibility of the individual man and woman to their neighbors. That is a vital part of the very soul of the people. If we shall gain in this spirit from this pai~ful time, we shall have created a greater and more glorIOUS America. The trial of it is here now. It is a trial of the heart and conscience of individual men and women.

and the World of

By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D., »: .

Princeton, New Jersey Editor of the Moslem World; Author of "Across the World of Islam," etc.

A RESTLESS, disillusioned, changing world; ing Negro lads the Koran. On his table there a rest-giving and unchanging Christ- were Indian, Turkish, and Egyptian papers. In these are two great present-day realities. the little mosque there was a money-chest to col- Jesus Christ, alive for ever more, is present today lect for "the holy war of the Riffs" against the in human history. He is the head of the Church French in Morocco, and it was labelled: "To be and the spiritual leader of the missionary enter- sent through the Caliphate Committee, Bombay!"

prise. According to His own promise He is with Islam is a 'world brotherhood. It is always and us all the days. In a real sense, therefore, we may everywhere cosmopolitan.

speak of Him, reverently, as "our contemporary." This cosmopolitan character of the Islamic And the unevangelized world of Islam, too, is a brotherhood in Africa is emphasized by the use reality. In this world Jesus Christ has been at of the same character in writing and the same work by His providence, by His word and through speech in prayer and public worship. The slates His Spirit for centuries, and He works now. The in the hands of children at Fez, Timbuctu, rise of Islam was a challenge to the supremacy, Mponda, Zanzibar, Lagos and Cape Town, have the finality and the sufficiency of God's Word and the same copy in the same script: "Bisrriillahi- of God's Son. For neither the Koran nor Mo- arrahman-ar-rahim." "In the name of Allah, the hammed could escape "the fact of the Ghrist." compassionate, the merciful."

Islam arose in a Christian environment. Present- While at Zomba in Nyasaland, I walked some day scholarship is agreed that the best elements miles through the jungle to a Moslem village in its dogma and ethics were due to Nestorian where I was expected to make an address through Christianity. The influence of a Christian tradi- a Christian interpreter who spoke Yao. On artion can not be ignored in the life of Mohammed. rival, the courtyard before the mosque was However warped, or misunderstood, or wrested, crowded. I received a warm welcome, but never yet in many and mysterious ways the Truth of used my Christian interpreter. The Imam and God bored its way from within. Christ's portrait his son had been to Mecca, spoke perfect Arabic, in the Koran, though only a sad caricature, could and interpreted for me into Yao. Islamic civilinot be wholly hid. God left Himself not without zation always includes the Arabic speech and witness and for thirteen centuries Moslems have alphabet which are spreading today in Africa. In had the clear testimony of the Koran to the exist- Cape Town the Arabic character is used to print ence and the authority of the Gospel. a Dutch (Afrikaans) commentary on the Koran. The remnants of the Christian Church that sur- In spite of rising nationalism and the abolition vived the Saracen flood in the ark of faith, also of the Caliphate by Turkey, there is still real panwitnessed for Christ by word and life and martyr- Islamism evident in the Moslem press, in the death down the ages. Earthquake, wind and fire derwish-orders and in the annual pilgrimage to shook the mountain of Islam during the World War. What is the still, small Voice that speaks Mecca. to us today and summons the Church to complete The Moslem press of India, of Egypt and of its task? Turkey was never more active, never more inter- national in its outlook than it is today. The I. There is a solidarity and an essential unity reason is that the cult of nationalism, as for ex- in the world of Islam which baffles the student of ample, in Palestine, Afghanistan and Persia, history and of present-day missions. which some thought would prove the death-knell It transcends race and language, geographical of pan-Islamism has not decreased but rather in- boundaries and political ideas. creased international bonds between scattered In July, 1925, I visited one of the mosques at Moslem groups and distant lands. Witness the Beira, Portuguese East Africa. A Yemen Arab agitation of the Indian press regarding Zionism in who had received instruction in Cairo was teach- Palestine, the interest of Javanese newspapers in [34 ] Egyptian politics and the proposals for the re- world of thought and life. Turkey is turning her back on the past and is trampling on traditions vival of the Caliphate on the part of the Nizam that had the sanctity of age and religion. The of Hyderabad. Eldon Rutter, the most recent of cry of the reactionaries is, "Back to the Koran and to Mohammed." The problem of the progres- European pilgrims to Mecca, tells in his book, sives is to get as far away from both as is decent "The Holy Cities of Arabia," how deeply he felt and safe. The unity of the Moslem problem is nowhere seen more clearly than in this struggle the unity and solidarity of Moslem brotherhood as he saw the multitudes thronged around the of the old and the new in the womb of a new day. Kaaba. Islam is a world-religion. It is similar in all lands from Java to Morocco. Today the number of those who profess and call National and compulsory primary education for themselves Mohammedans is nearly two hundred and fifty millions. In southeastern Europe (omit- the masses is an ambitious program for countries ting the scattered groups of Britain and France as negligible in number but not in their influence) where until very recently 96% of the men and there are three and a half millions. They are found chiefly in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece and 99% of the women were illiterate. Yugo-Slavia. Add to these a little over eighteen Yet this is the proposal for Turkey and for millions in European and Asiatic Russia and nearly two hundred thousand in South America Egypt by Moslem educational leaders. By simpli- (chiefly Brazil and Guiana). fication of grammar, by adopting the Latin alpha- Pass to the two great continents and the Island world where Islam has made its conquests. In bet, by every possible device, Turkey seeks a Africa there are nearly fifty million followers of higher literacy. The present activity and enterthe Arabian prophet, and they are found almost prise of the Moslem press and journalism already everywhere except in the southwestern portion of the continent. In the Belgian and French Congo, mentioned are creating new opportunities and a Liberia, Mozambique, Somaliland; around the Lakes and Zanzibar and in Madagascar, on the new mentality among the masses. Provincialism west coast of Senegal, Guinea, Dahomey, in is going. Here is a Malay weekly published by Uganda, Abyssinia, Kenya, Tanganyika; in Sierra Mohammedans in Borneo. On a single page there Leone and the Gold Coast, Togoland and the Camerouns; nearly eleven million in Nigeria, and is an article on Islam in America, another on the last but not least, the solid belt of Moslem coun- new mosque in Berlin, items regarding Aligarh tries in the north, Egypt, the Sudan, Tripoli, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. In Africa pagan- College, India, Nationalism in Bengal, and an adism is crumbling, but Islam is aggressive, vertisement of a Japanese steamship company, ubiquitous, and is contesting with Christianity the destiny of a continent. that accommodates Borneo pilgrims for Mecca, if they will embark at Pedang, Sumatra. In Asia every country has its Moslem problem except Japan and Korea. In China there are Social unrest is found everywhere. It concerns about nine millions; in the Dutch East Indies over itself not only with such obvious matters as westforty millions. India has the largest Moslem population of any country in the world-over ern dress and head-gear, the calendar, banking, seventy-seven millions. In Bengal province alone there are twenty-seven and a half million Mos- the cinema and theatre, but with far deeper issues lems. These figures are from the last census. due to the impact of Western civilization.

II. Islam is growing in numbers and entering Feminism and Bolshevism are the two foci of new areas, but is losing in prestige and power. the great ellipse of agitation. The rights of womanhood and the rights of the proletariat have In every land of the Near East we witness, on the one hand, its disintegration and inner decay; found powerful advocates. The press of Persia, and on the other hand, frantic attempts to restore of Afghanistan, of Central Asia and of India are old sanctions and revive old beliefs and practices. directly or indirectly deeply influenced by Moscow.

New movements, economic, social, intellectual, In Turkey there is lively discussion not only of spiritual, are stirring everywhere. 'rhe currents social but of religious liberty. Husein Jahid Bey run counter to each other, and Zionism, Bolshevism, Commercialism, Nationalism, Imperialism, has recently published a book with the title, "The all have their own interests centering in the Near Book of the Citizen" mainly translated from two East. Each is a disintegrating factor in the old French authors. In the chapter on Religious Liberty he says: Religious liberty holds first place among all social liberties. Religious liberty does not mean merely the right of every person to be free in his sohwonulrdelbigeiofur es eb et ol i ebf~ but it means also that every church es- tablished anywhere without any hindrance, and to propa- gate its ideals by word or by institutions such as hospitals, schools and universities. 'A free church in a free State,'

as it is in America and in Holland. To worship God as I wish, and to believe as I think should be the right of every person. The state does not recognize 'believer' or 'unbeliever'; it recognizes only 'citizen.''' Then we have the following most significant words regarding Chris- tianity and the Gospel:

The Gospels proclaim a law of love and peace. Yet spite of the alliance between the scion of Abd-ul- since the days of the union of the Church with the State Majid and the multi-millionaire ruler of Hydera- under Constantine, the human conscience has been kept bad. The political horizon is clouded and no one under oppression. Many millions have been killed, expelled can foretell the weather that broods on the North- and persecuted. Bloodshed in the name of religion is west frontier of India or in the Near East. greater than that shed in political warfare. If the State and the Church had not united their interests and passions, III. Across this restless and changing world Christendom would not have witnessed such cruelty. However, the political interests of the Kings and Popes have the message of the living Christ is exerting its disappeared. No one is forced to accept a religion today. Whether one praises the Renaissance and the great Re- power silently and ceaselessly. formation or curses them, it does not matter. Today that mentality is dominant everywhere. Our thought, ideals, The production and distribution of the Bible morals, are saturated with those principles. Today a citizen and a believer seem to be on opposite sides. On the continues wihlout hindrance. In North Africa one hand liberty is considered as a poisonous fruit of the Great Revolution, and the believers are taught to curse it. the sales of the Christian Scripture increased On the other hand the citizens are told to look to the Church as an enemy of civilization. There is much con- from 17,000 copies in 1904 to 78,000 in 1928. fusion in people's minds on these points. This is alto- Last year for the first time in history a colporteur gether baseless. Christianity is no enemy of liberal insti- sold eight hundred gospels openly and without tutions; in fact such institutes have existed only in Chris- molestation in the streets of Ouezzan, the sacred tian countries. The peoples who have followed the laws city of Morocco. In Persia and East Arabia the of Brahma, Buddha, and Mohammed have known nothing Gospel may truly be counted among "the best but despotism. Modern liberty is the fruit of the Gospels. sellers." Its penetrative power is evident in village conversation and in the city press from Needless to say, such a bold prophet met with Fez to Isfahan. The leading poet of Egypt and the outstanding novelist of Turkey, both Moslems, opposition, and the reactionary press handled his acknowledge their indebtedness to the Bible for inspiration and style. A missionary in India book very roughly. asked a Mullah who was preaching to villagers on being born again, "Sir, from where did you get In Egypt the case of the Moslem convert and the subject of your sermon?" Immediately he pulled from a pocket a copy of the New Testapreacher, Kamil Mansur (who suffered imprison- ment, and turning to the third chapter of St. John said, "I got my subject from here. For the ment on a false charge and was afterward ac- last two years I have carried this book with me always. The traditions of Islam are a thing of the quitted) was a step forward for religious liberty. past; it is now necessary for us to find salvation. Jesus has said, 'God is Spirit, and we must wor- We learn that "there are indications that the ship Him in spirit and in truth'."

leavening of thought and life by Western ideas, In day-schools, colleges, and universities, in outwhich has characterized the post-war history of door clinics, welfare-centers and hospitals, in so- Egypt, is still proceeding. At one time the swing cial service and deeds of mercy, the Living Christ of the pendulum seems to favor the party of re- is at work. The colporteur introduces men and form. At another it swings back in the direction women and children to their Best Friend-enof Moslem orthodoxy and conservatism. Many in- larging the circle every day of the year. stances might be quoted in illustration of this alternating movement. Two years ago it was A stimulating definition of a missionary was rumored that the reforms at al Azhar University given by a Turkish friend to Miss Ethel W. would include the introduction into the curriculum Putney of Gedik Pasha, Istanbul, Turkey. "There of the optional study of foreign languages, espe- are two kinds of people in the world," he said, cially French and English, and also the study of "those who are just good, and those whose goodcomparative religion. The Commission which ness is so living and contagious that others who was appointed to determine these reforms has come in contact with it are transformed. The recently issued its report. It is true that much latter are the only true missionaries, whatever has been done to correlate the programme of stu- their label may be. They are living in such vital dents at al Azhar with that prescribed in the. touch with God that His power and love transordinary Government schools, but there is no men- form them, and through them, others." tion of either foreign languages or comparative religion. It would appear that, for the moment, This testimony should encourage those who are the conservative element at al Azhar has pre- perplexed by the paucity of converts in lands vailed." where public confession is still so difficult.

So the rising tide of progressive nationalism God is working out His purposes secretly and meets an undertow of reactionary currents every- openly. The latest news from Java gives the total where. The Moslem congress, called to meet in number of baptised Moslems in that Island as over Jerusalem in December, has already encountered strong opposition to its program in the Cairo press. The Caliphate will not be resurrected in

PRIMITIVE TRIBES OF THE CARIBBEAN

47,000-forty thousand more than the statistics lands, the words of an Indian Statesman, the late God gave Elijah when he was down-hearted! (I Sir Narayan Chandavarkar, come to mind. He Kings 19 :18). spoke of the conversion of India, but his words apply to the Moslem world as well : A letter comes just now from a friend in Central Asia: "Never before has the Christian "The process of conversion of India to Christ Mission in Turkestan been so successful and may not be going on as rapidly as you hope, or promising as it is now. During the first three in exactly the same manner as you hope but, quarters of this year more than thirty Moslems nevertheless, India is being converted; the ideas have confessed their faith in Christ and have that lie at the heart of the Gospel are slowly but been baptised." surely permeating every part of Hindu society, and modifying every phase of Hindu thought." As we consider the present situation in Moslem Primitive Tribes of the Caribbean ..:{ By the REV. THOMAS C. MOFFETT Philadelphia, Secretary of the Indian Missions of America I N the twenty republics south- how primitive and uncivilized east of the United States, are the native Indian tribes. there is an estimated popula- Pre-historic ruins, extinct civ- tion of 18,000,000 pure-blood In- ilizations, ancient cultures, are dians, speaking the native' lin- being investigated, as aerial sur- guae. If those of mixed blood, veys, archeological researches, predominantly Indian, are in- and daring explorations bring to cluded, then the classification of Ii g h t unsuspected material.

35,000,000 as Redmen may not What unwritten history is sug- be far astray in the whole of gested by the mute record of the Latin America. Several of these pyramid of San Juan Teotehua- republics have a very small per can near Mexico City, compara- cent of Caucasian or white in- ble in size with the great pyra- habitants. Mexico has only nine- mid of Egypt; by the granite teen per cent white, and the five stelae and enduring walls of an- Central American states average cient Mayan ruins, over which fifteen per cent. Col. Lindbergh and other discov- This is really Indian America. erers have flown during the last Only a few years ago the legis- year; by the Inca altars of Cuz- lature of Ecuador seriously con- co, Peru, and by the scant me- sidered making the old Inca morials of early Caribs, Arawa- tongue, the Quicha, which is kas, and Chivchas of the old spoken today by a large propor- Spanish Main.

tion of its inhabitants, the offi- The . whole Indian situation cial language of the republic. from the viewpoint of the Chris- Another surprising fact is tion missionary enterprise needs that South America should still to be studied. But so vast are retain her position as the one the areas, and so backward great division of the area of the and isolated are the native world, outside of the polar populations, that comparative- regions, large districts of GOAJIRO INDIAN OF COLOMBIA ly limited fields must be which are still unknown to segregated, such as the Car- white men. The recent explorations of the ibbean coastal region of which this article treats.

Dickey expedition along the sources of the The continent of South America is 3,300 miles Orinoco River in Venezuela and Brazil re- wide by 5,000 miles long. Brazil alone is larger veal how unfamiliar are vast regions and than the United States. Where civilization has

not penetrated, where the Indian tribes have not each of the bays, opening from the Caribbean, for that strait which should lead to far Cathay. had the privileges of education and evangeliza- Seeking the same mythical passage, Balboa pene- trated into the interior and climbed the ridge tion, there are to be found today the most back- where ward and savage regions of the world. Here is With eagle eyes He star'd at the Pacific-and all his men probably the largest body of neglected human be- Look'd at each other with a wild surmise Silent upon a peak in Darien. ings, from the viewpoint of the Church and the The number of Indians in Panama at the pres- Christian message, in proportion to the total pop- ent time cannot be even approximately estimated, for few of the primitive wild Indians leave their ulation, of any element of earth's inhabitants, un- jungle and mountain retreats, and the census enu- merators of the Republic do not penetrate to their less Central Asia is to be excepted. isolation. One hundred thousand is the figure given as comprehending the total, and 36,000 The historic Spanish Main, extending in a tribal Redmen of this number, still holding to their native language, customs and independence, crescent along the shores of the Caribbean from acknowledging relations to no other government Panama on to the northeast coast of Guiana, now in the Isthmus. There appears to have been was the scene of the romantic and adventur- no written language, not even a system of hieroous exploits of the gold-seekers, Spanish con- glyphics, among the aborigines of Panama. They quistadores, buccaneers and pirates. Here was were less nomadic than the North American tribes the arena of the conquests over numerous Indian and in weaving and domestic arts they were populations, exploited by the stronger and well- superior. armed Europeans, who exterminated millions of these Redmen. Of all the varied interests of this To enumerate the tribal divisions and charactropical region, its natural resources, its climate, teristics of these Indians would be to little purwhich in our northern winter affords a dry, balmy, pose, but the outstanding facts regarding the sun-kissed land of health and recreation, and its larger groups and their utter neglect religiously history of conquest and adventure, the greatest should be of special interest, for here is an unfulsubject to engage one's attention is the treatment filled task of evangelism for which the Christian accorded the native Indian tribes, their persist- forces of the Church in the United States have a ence to this day in most adverse circumstances, primary responsibility. and their utter neglect and dire need of attention from the organized Christian forces of Europe The San BIas Indians live in settled villages and America. These backward aborigines have re- along the Caribbean coast and on an archipelago tained a mistrust and an aversion to strangers, of islands. They are short in stature, stocky and especially the Spanish, whom they have every industrious in their habits. The finest coconuts reason to regard as enemies. "Their feeling is not are grown by them and they are good fishermen. a reasoned one," states Dr. Pittier, who, as trav- It was the ancestors of these Indians who made eller, ethnologist and scientist, has established welcome the luckless Scotch colonizers who settled closest contacts with them. "It is the instinctive Caledonia harbor, 140 miles from Colon toward distrust of the savage for the unknown or inex- Colombia, some two hundred years ago, but after plicable, intensified in this particular case by the untold hardships and mishaps they abandoned the tradition of a long series of wrongs at the hands venture. In all these years that have elapsed the of the hated Spaniards." San BIas have clung to the traditions of friend- ship for the British and hatred for the Spanish. The Republic of Panama geographically is the bridge between the two continents of the western An evangelical missionary, Miss Anna Coope hemisphere. In area it is the size of the state of from England, labored among these Indians for a Indiana, or of New Hampshire and Vermont com- number of years and laid the foundations for a bined. The great inter-oceanic canal has now permanent work. Political opposition and legal made it the crossroads of the world. The history barriers prevented the continuance of this work of this narrow Isthmus, where the long mountain about seven years ,ago, but several promising range extending from far northern latitude to the young men of the tribe have received an education extremity of South America reaches its lowest in the United States and are ready to return to elevation, presents vivid contrasts of the primi- their own people as evangelists and teachers. The tive tribes in their aboriginal surroundings of Indian Mission of America, with headquarters in jungles and tropical forests. There they were iso- Philadelphia, desires to resume work for the San lated from all contacts until the sudden appear- BIas. ance of Europeans, the ruthless invasion of the territory of the Indians, brought about the extermination of many tribes and the retiring of other groups into the fastnesses never penetrated by white men even to this day. Columbus sought in

Of the same linguistic stock are several groups The Indians of Panama generally drink heavily, in the province of Darien, adjoining Colombia, and and the white man's rum is to some extent taking extending to the Pacific ocean. The resources of the place of the native brew of chica. Not all of this province are very rich in minerals and tim- the tribes indulge in tobacco, and in some sections ber, medicinal plants, and dye woods. The region the cigars are mere hollow rolls, the lighted ends is largely unmapped and unexplored. being held in the mouth.

The Chocos are one of the smaller and least A GROUP OF THE MOTILONES ,OF VENEZUELA known tribes of the Darien. Prof. Pittier wrote of them: "NeV'er in our twenty-five years of The republic of Colombia has an extensive Intropical experience have we met with such a sun- dian population, widely separated in tribes of loving, bright and trusting people, living nearest great divergence; but along its northern coast, to nature and ignoring the most elementary wiles adjoining the Caribbean, there are two divisions, of so-called civilization. Physically they are a fine the Goajiros, of Arawak stock, occupying the long and healthy race. The first thing the Chocos do in peninsula which projects on the borders of Venethe morning is to jump into the nearby river and zuela, and the Sierra Nevadas of the high mountheir ablutions are repeated several times in the tain regions, near the Santa Marta coast, .a tribe course of the day. They seem to be exclusively of Chivcha stock. monogamistic and both parents surround their children with tender care. They are very indus- Of the Indians of the peninsula about ten per trious. During the dry spells their life is out of cent speak Spanish, and thirty per cent underdoors, planting and watching their crops, hunting, stand it. Their country is dry cactus desert, with fishing and canoeing. When the heavy rains come hills extending toward Venezuela, where some they stay at home, weaving baskets of all kinds, 2,000 Cocinas or bandits dwell. My visit during making ropes and hammocks, carving dishes, mor- the past winter to this peninsula revealed the negtars, stools and other objects out of tree trunks." lected state of this tribe and the open door of opportunity for missionary effort. Their life is In Chiriqui Province, a day's voyage on a coast- almost as primitive and aboriginal as the Indians ing steamer from Panama City at Remedios, are whom Columbus and the Spanish conquistadores found the Zabanero Indians. They defeated the discovered. It is a sobering thought to find that Spanish and still hold their own territory back in they have been left through the long years in unthe Cordilleras. They are supposed to antedate relieved paganism and illiteracy. the Aztecs and the Mayas. The coastal Indians of Venezuela cannot be in- The second grouping of the tribes of Panama cluded in the purview of this article, except for a is the Guamies, extending toward the Republic brief allusion to two divisions. The Motilones, of Costa Rico in the provinces of Chiriqui and the name meaning "crop-haired," use the poi- Boco del Toro. Among the Valientes a mission of soned arrows and are hostile to commercial or the Wesleyan Methodists is firmly established, adventurous intrusion into their country. They having been started in 1917. These Indians num- have long been regarded as being very dangerous, ber about 8,000 and are located on the Caribbean and no efforts have been made to educate or evanside of the Isthmus. The United Fruit Company gelize them. However, during the past year the has banana and cocoa lands in this region. On peaceable visit of a missionary, Mr. John Duval the coast the mission has three churches and three Rice, was received in friendly spirit. Without fireday schools. Headquarters are maintained also in the mountain section, where a considerable num- arms, and in a kindly, tactful approach, this repber of these Indians were driven by the Mosquito Indians of Nicaragua. They have a language all resentative of the Church found that the illtheir own, into which the New Testament has reputed Motilones were without exception friendbeen translated by Rev. Ephraim Alphonse, who maintains a medical dispensary and acts as their spiritual leader. One of the teachers in the school is also a trained nurse.

In the valley of Mirando, which is high up in the Cordilleras, in a region cut off from the Plains, there are some 5,000 of the Guamies, the most primitive Panamanian natives outside of Darien. This beautifully forested country will be opened up by the new road being constructed from Panama City to David.

ly, unusually honest and generous. They live a open. Venezuela has recently excluded the Archmost primitive life, without houses or hammocks. bishop of the Roman Catholic Church and super- intendents representing mission boards from en- At the extreme northwestern corner of Vene- tering the country, but here also private evangelizuela there are Indians, grouped in the region of cal schools are recognized, and limited tolerance Maracaibo, where the oil interests have developed of freedom of worship prevails. Panama, with the large commercial activities. The story of neglect change of government effected December, 1930, and of debasing influences from contact with will be ushered into a new progressive era and greed and aggressions of white civilization is re- will afford protection for Protestant enterprises. peated here. The Scandinavian Alliance of the United States has established mission stations at There is no louder call or more legitimate claim a number of points around the Lake of Maracaibo. for an advance in Protestant mission effort than this made by the native tribes of the Caribbean. Concerning the opportunities for evangelical A Christian statesman has recently observed: missionary effort in the Republics of the Carib- "The world is paying attention to the great Conbean, it should be noted that Colombia has been tinent of the South as never before. We hope that least tolerant and that the Roman Catholic Church definite plans will be discussed and adopted whose has, until the elections of February, 1930, held sole and persistent aim will be to bring the truth almost undisputed power. But with the Liberal as it is in Jesus Christ to these millions of unvictory, and the hope of revision of existing re- evangelized Indians of South America." ligious legislation, a wider door of privilege will The Spirit of Home Missions I am the Spirit of Home Missions.

I was born in the heart of the lowly.

My ancestors were pioneers: My mother is the Church; My father is the spirit of righteous adventure.

In my early life I fought against ease and stagnation.

I blazed new trails in thought and endeavor; I slept in the great forests of the West; I drank from her running brooks; My footprints are seen everywhere.

I searched for stout hearts and found them: John Stewart, Jason Lee, McKendree, Brother Van, Forsyth.

I have increased courage in the hearts of men who dare.

I always keep "on the line of discovery."

I have welcomed the new-born babe in the frontier cabin; I walk the crowded city streets; I visit the sick; .

I preach the Gospel to the poor.

I gave the Negro my right hand and helped him up.

I welcome the immigrant And show kindness to the stranger in our land.

I help build your churches, Your schools, colleges, hospitals, homes; I help educate your youth and train your minister.

I live because I serve.

I am not a formal organization: Departments, bureaus, secretaries, treasurers; These are only my framework.

I am a spirit, Commissioned of God and blest by the lowly Nazarene; I must help mEm in heroic tasks- For humanity gnaws at my heart.

Therefore let me go to the needy places.

My spirit must live!

-EZRA Cox, in The Christian Advocate.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=.~~~===============I~ THE CHALLENGE OF "THE heathen" no longer "raging so most potent factor in the solu- furiously together" as they rage tion of all problems, at home and CHANGING ORDER" against Christians for our re- abroad, that the world has ever ligious inconsistencies and our known, and that the leadership By Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison overgrown Nordic bumptious- of Jesus Christ is still mankind's ness-these are among the fea- paramount need. "We are immersed in the at- tures that face us as we sweep mosphere of change and dedi- the horizon. The fault is not with the cated to the proposition that Gospel but with ourselves. We growth is the essence of the Grave difficulties also confront may well echo Walter Rauschen- Christian scheme . . . . No one us at home. Our young people, busch's dictum: "It rests with us can chart the roads we shall fol- who have hobnobbed at college to say if we are now to enter low; the destination may be un- with Chinese, Hindus, Japanese, upon a new era in the transforcertain; but once more with staff Filippinos-a n d incidentally mation of the world into the in hand we are on our way." have been hard-pressed to keep Kingdom of God, or if our civili- pace with them-are naturally zation is destined to go down to -Rev. D. J. Evans skeptical about their responsi- the graveyard of dead civiliza- bility towards civilizations old, tions and God will have to try "The changing world which we cultural and rich. They do not again". are facing demands a changing realize, alas! that these nonattitude" . Christian people are still blindly Readjustments are often as groping for soul-liberty and painful as major surgery-and -Edward A. Steiner light. The writer recently saw nearly the whole of a Y. M. C. A. as necessary. Since world con- "When he, the Spirit of Truth, district conference vote "thumbs ditions have never been satisis come, he will guide you into down on Foreign Missions". factory and the principles of all truth". Jesus have not yet been given a Recent shifts in the basic idea fair trial, is not change (of a -Jesus Christ of the universe have not been certain sort) our only hope for without effect on students. When betterment? The blue-prints In this challenging greeting the Law of Gravitation is dis- and specifications of yesterday's your incoming editor of these carded and the North Star of methods may fall short of struc- "Effective Ways of Working" force-and-matter skids from its tural needs today. They are due asks readers to accept her as a course, many students hastily for a thorough overhauling. But comrade on the pilgrimage in infer that former religious and the fundamental plan of the quest of a Better Order. World- missionary sanctions are des- Master Builder is without a flaw. changes are rendering obsolete tined for the scrap heap. . many of our time-honored modes To this end your "Effective of missionary activity. The solu- It is true' that some old mo- Ways of W 0 r kin g" editor tions of the problems with which tivations for missions no longer prayerfully dedicates her space every mission field bristles are move the rank and file of the to the exploiting of programs yet in the making, and the need Church. The mainspring of and plans forged in the experifor constructive Christian think- benevolence has grown weaker, ence of successful workers. The ing is increasingly imperative; so that the missionary speaker talismanic password of the dethe writer therefore summons is often hard-pressed for a hand- par t men t is not "Why?" all good scouts to come forward, hold on the purse strings of his "What?" or "How?" but "Tested "staff in hand," to do their bit audience. But none of these Usag.e". Outstanding workers of exploring and experimenting. things need move us from our of various denominations have purposeful endeavor, if we can already pledged their help. If Our "field" is still "the world," sincerely dedicate ourselves to you have either programs or debut the field-glass has changed the service of world-humanity' vices that have motivated more into a kaleidoscope. Cyclonic because of our conviction that intelligent interest and giving in social changes at home; great the body of ideals incorporated any department of missionary tidal waves of rampant national- in Christianity constitutes the ism abroad; the leaders of a vast endeavor, send them along! people of 150,000,000 souls defi- [41 ] nitely committed to a propa- -E. S. A. ganda of atheism intended to undermine all religions, and "the

A Symposium for Program- January meeting passed out Y-oung people given Christian Makers daintily decorated cardboard training; bells, each bearing a letter of the There is no denying the im- inscription, "Happy New Year," E-ducation through mission- and an article attached to its ary reading; petus of fresh beginnings. Rid- back. The recipients came for- ward in proper rotation and A-ttendance and program icule notwithstanding, why not carried out the instructions. maintained at high standard; capitalize the current date and H called for the devotional R-ealization of these goals service from a Japanese key- t h r 0 ugh tireless, prayerful, crystallize its value in a set of note; united effort. activ.ated New Year's resolu- A was a poem-"Song of the Wheel", from Assam; The bells were suspended in tions calculated to make pro- rotation across the platform. P read a letter from a mis- Writing materials were passed gram-building more effective? sionary in India; and for the roll call each woman was asked to write her mission- The following points for a syn- P read a short article on the ary New Year's resolution. The work of an African missionary; slips were then collected, mixed thetic "resolution" have proved up and passed out again to be Y offered the prayer; read aloud, anonymously. The their worth in many churches in service closed with the singing N gave experiences of a mis- of "We Have Come to the End all departments of missionary of Another Year", set to the sionary family in China; tune of "A Perfect Day". endeavor: E read a brief article on work 3. Conserve Calendar Values 1. Be Systematic. During 20 in Russia; in Membership Recruiting. This W reported recent Philippine years' service as a methods sec- is most effectively done in Janu- news; ary, at the autumn rally, or at retary, the writer's mail has the opening of the fiscal year of Y sang a song-"Joy Bells"; the organization. The best way been flooded with requests for to enlist new members is to go E read the description of work after them. At a district meetmaterial recently exploited in a among American Indians; ing of the Methodist Woman's Home Mission Society, at Lakemagazine but which, alas! the A talked on social center side, Ohio, a number of tested work; recruiting methods were deinquirers had allowed to go the scribed. In one church, three R read a closing poem. women go at regular intervals to way of waste papers. If your the church office, make an alpha- Each successive participant betical list of all women in the new "Effective Ways of Work- hung her bell on a wire at the congregation not members of the front to form the missionary woman's society and assign the ing" editor is to be of maximum greeting of the day. names to the circle leaders in whose districts they live. Each service to readers, she would At the January meeting of the leader proceeds to distribute First Baptist Church, Warsaw, these names among her group of earnestly recommend Indiana, an acrostic incorpo- workers for intensive cultiva- rated the same initials, each tion. Those not successful in (a) Well indexed letter files letter being on a bell painted in landing their recruits return the silver on a red background. The names to their circle leaders and in which materials for all occa- letters represented a goal for the fresh assignments are made. sions are laid away ready to opening year in three-minute The largest returns were in- talks given by each recipient. variably found to be where the hand. most determined efforts had H-elpfulness in some line of been put forth. (b) Scrap books that are Christian service; . In another church, on one day neither methods "crazy quilts" A-Iways faithful in the serv- of each month there was ob- ices of the church; tained from the church secretary nor literary "hash" but are a list of all new people who had P-rayer for the work of the appeared in the congregation, classified repositories of real Kingdom; and assignments of responsi- bility were made as above. Retreasure-troves for program- P-articipation by systematic cipients of names phoned, called giving; and wrote notes giving urgent makers. invitations to the luncheon at the Y-ielding ourselves whole- (c) A series of pasteboard heartedly to Christ's service; boxes, duly labeled and listed, in N-umber of women enlisted in group Bible study increased; which are preserved not only E-vangelism majored in all clippings but bulky cut-outs, our work; year books from other organiza- W-iIlingness to perform as- tions, and source-material. signed tasks; (d) Note books to corral thoughts and suggestions from hither and yon.

(e) Card indexes and filing jackets, which are just as ef- fective in the King's Business as in the commercial world.

2. Be Timely. As stimulating to the mind as salad "greens" to the palate in spring is the pro- gram that just fits its calendar setting. If not available for thIS month, file the ensuing plans away for next year. .

A Bell Program for January In the woman's society of the First Baptist Church, Muskegon, Michigan, the leader of the

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

next meeting of the society. The resented, and who has made a As the study progresses, an evewoman extending the invitation agreed to meet or call for her study of the people of that land ning is designated to each of the guest and act as her hostess at table. The effort must be fol- and of the missionary stations in eight groups on which to make lowed up in various ways to be 100 per cent successful. it, is prepared to explain its ex-· their report to the church, each Some women reported carry- hibits and to present its mission- in its own way with blackboards, ing large yellow stars in their handbags when out calling. ary aspects and needs. The maps and charts. One may pre- They inscribed on a point of the star the name of each new material necessary for the ex- sent it in dramatic fashion in woman they discovered and handed in the stars when thus hibit may be obtained from the the form of a meeting of the filled. For this they received some token of recognition from mission boards or from world board which it represents, and the society. travelers in the congregation or arguments pass to and fro 4. Resolve That the Best Is None Too Good for a Missionary neighborhood. The making of across the table. Missionaries Meeting. Work over missionary programs as hard as you would the models is a fine hand work may appear to plead their work for a club or for a "pay" entertainment; then the day is project for church school classes. causes. The varied claims of difdue to come when the sign, "Standing Room Only" will An automatic stereopticon in the ferent features of the work are greet all late comers to a missionary s e r vic e. "Faithful assembly room may display pic- disclosed-for example in the Traditionalists" take notice! tures of the missionary fields. case of missions, the evangel- A PASTOR'S METHODS After a supper, where the pur- istic, educational and medical. By Robert A. Ashworth, D. D., Editor of The Baptist pose and procedure of the eve- Another group may present an The trouble with the average ning are explained, the people original play incorporating the church, missionwise, is that the best members are so busy with visit the various rooms in lessons which it wishes to teach. their personal tasks that they have little time or energy to give groups. As each group appears, If a secretary of a board that is to real study of the missionary enterprise. It is a truism that the teacher explains the contents being considered can be present interest grows out of knowledge. It is the pastor's job somehow to of the room and the missionary to answer questions it is very arrest the attention of his thoughtful people for a suf- task and the opportunities in the desirable. The adequacy of the ficiently long period for them to look on all sides of the mission- country represented. presentations will differ with ary task. A more effective method is an the genius of the group, but you One of the methods which I have found fruitful is a mis- intensive study of the denomina- may depend upon it that, as a sionary exhibit. Each missionary country in which the church tional budget. Who determines result of this method, there will is at work is assigned a church school class room. On the walls it? "What justification is there be some who will have solved and tables are arranged curios, clothing, books, maps, pictures, for it? Where does our money the enigma of the budgets and models of missionary buildings -everything which can serve to go and why? will understand the difficulties make graphic the people and religions and work in the coun- Choose wisely a large group and the significance of the tasks tries to which the respective of men and women-fifty is not which they have assigned to rooms are devoted. too many if they can be secured. their denominational leaders.

Where possible a teacher clad Their officers divide them into "The Challenge of Change" in the costume of the land rep- committees, assigning to each a in America study of the budget of one de- nominational board. In our own A dramatic program based on case these are eight in number- the Home Mission Study Book- Foreign Missions, General and 'Vornen's; Home Missions, Gen- I. "Already we have 'a new eral and Women's; Publication earth,' but we cannot yet add, Society; Board of Education; 'wherein dwells righteousness.' "

Min i s t e r s and Missionaries Setting: Tea party with young Benefit Board; Board of Mis- women of yesterday, costumed sionary Coo per a t ion. Each as guests of the young women of group meets as often as neces- today. If desired, those on pro- sary to make their study of the gram may sit about a tea table subject assigned. It is extraor- and introduce the simple dia- dinary how a study of the logue and action of women tak- budget will open up every phase ing tea together, as they speak of the work. Much romance on the topics.

lurks in a budget. Questions are Program: 1. What We Were raised; doubts and criticisms, Thinking When I Was a Girl perhaps, are suggested; the diffi- (pp. 8-16). Emphasizes the con- culties and handicaps of the task trast between the conformity are revealed. Material is found and traditionalism of early days in the annual reports and de- and spirit of inquiry today. nominational year books. Sec- 2. How We Were Living When retaries are pleased to aid in. I Was a Girl (pp. 16-20). Em- such a project, either by corre- phasizes the material. contrasts spondence or personally. Spe- between the two periods.

cial investigations are assigned. 3. The Wealth of America

Today (pp. 20-27). "God and of our community lack the Church-Prophecies; (3) My the Census" (p. 126). ministry of the Church? Church. Divide those present 4. The Power of America To- III. "Good Samaritan Tales." into two groups, each with a day (pp. 27-32). . Setting: Picture of "The Good leader, for the discussion of such topics as "How can we vitalize 5. Devotional Period: Dia- Samaritan" visible to the audi- for Christ our membership logue taken from Rauschen- ence during the meeting. roll ?" busch's Parable (pp. 33, 34). Poster: "Two Sketches"-l. Discu..ssion: What would be an (If tea-party setting is used, The Good Samaritan, 30 A. D., ideal program of missionary the leader calls in, as a surprise binding up traveler's wounds. education in our church? Does feature, the Spirits of First and 2. Home Missions, as Good my church use the "cookie- Last Centuries, and lets their Samaritan, binding up society's cutter" method in religious edudialogue introduce the devo- wounds. cation? tional features of the service.) Topics: Modern Good Samari- VI. My Share in America's To- Theme: "Not by might nor by tan in guise of Home Missions morrow." power, but by my Spirit" (pp. introduces the various Samari- tans, personified, as mentioned Setting: A globe, illumined by 3-8; 32-35). in the text. an overhead light. Scripture: Gal. 5 :13-25. Hymns: "Lead on, 0 King Discussion Topics: Is my Poster: ~'Religion Is Caught- church training young people to Not Taught." Let the words, "I Eternal" ; "0 Beautiful, My help supply "adequate church am the Light of the World," Country". leadership?" Does my church have rays of light illuminating have responsibility tow a r d s an American woman. Let rays Prayer: That America may underprivileged groups in the of light emanating from the become more truly a nation community? woman make a pictured globe whose God is the Lord; that missionary wisdom and devotion may be increased; that material change may challenge us to new IV. "From Many, One." bright. spiritual victories. Setting: On table under an Topics: High lights of the Poster Suggestion: "Times arch of Christian Fellowship, chapter should be interspersed Change"-Young w 0 man in display dolls dressed in costumes with very practical discussion modern dress extending her of different lands. que s t ion s assigned to good hand of greeting to a woman in Poster: "From Diversity to speakers. an old-fashioned gown. Unity"-a heap of tangled Discussion: Why do so many Questions for Discussion: Has threads; a woven mat. of our causes fail to secure funds the Church adjusted itself to the Topics: (1) Impersonations necessary for maintenance or needs of changed America? Is by Mrs. Ruth Muskrat Bronson enlargement? Why is the new the Twentieth Century growing (H. M. Congress Report, pp. 45- generation so largely un-won to in its appreciation of moral 50); (2) The West Indies (Re- the world mission of Chrisvalues? Is it true that Amer- port, pp. 42, 43) ; (3) The Spirit tianity? ican society is organized to "pro- of D i v e r sit y-"Competitive duce things rather than people, Drift," (pp. 120-123) ; all talks Note. The foregoing outlines, furnished by Claire Goodsill Chandler of Galesburg, Illinois, with out-put set up as a god?" should be interspersed with re- and here condensed to conserve space, may be expanded similarly to the first program, for (If tea-party dialogue is developed, this discussion may be plies by The Spirit of Unity use in any adult group of the local church. using the subject matter from Materials can be furnished by the various de- nominational Literature Bureaus, and supple- worked into a dialogue.) same texts. mented ably by articles in THE REVIEW from month to month. II. "What Is Happening to Discussion Topics: Are there Home Missions"-a question too many churches in my com- munity? If so, which ones THE WORLD'S RELIGIONS and answer meeting. should be absorbed? What The approximate numerical stand- Setting: Box containing num- agencies can help the Church in ings of the organized religions .of the bered questions with ribbons at- its problem of moral and tached, to be drawn from the world, according to recent statistics, spiritual leadership ? ("God and is as follows: the Census," chapter 4.) box in turn by those prepared to Roman Catholics. . . . . . .. 310,000,000 answer. Orthodox Catholics …. 120,000,000 Poster: "Questions and An- V. The Church-"Portraits and Protestants . . . . . . . . . . .. 200,000,000 swers"-a box from which issue Prophecies." Total Christians …. . 630,000,000 Jews …………….. . 15,000,000 the questions-What? When? Setting: Picture of the local church, perhaps with the Amer- Mohammedans …….. . 240,000,000 Where? How? Why? ican and Christian flags on Buddhists ………… . 130,000,000 Topics: Questions whose an- either side. Hindus …………… . 230,000,000 swers will cover the high lights of the chapter. Poster: "My Portrait-Would Confucianists, Taoists .. . 350,000,000 Discussion Topics: How do You Change It?" The picture Shintoists ………… . 35,000,000 of the local church. Animists …………. . 135,000,000 the churches of our community Miscellaneous ……… . 60,000,000 recognize the social implications Topics: (1) Today's Church- of Christianity? Does any part Port r a its; (2) Tomorrow's Total non-Christians .. 1,195,000,000 W omen"s Home and Foreign Bulletin HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 EAST FORTy-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK; COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK; FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF NORTH AMERICA A WAY AND A DAY One laddie, venturing nearer she heard the class repeating By Bessie Farrar Madsen than the others, greeted us with aloud! Did not Jairam help her such a friendly smile that we secretly! As much as he knows It was a rough road that lay held out to him a picture paper she knows also. She is different; between our village and the town saying, "Come see, here is the she is the only girl in the town that was seven miles away. It shadow of a little lad like your- who wants to read." led through thick tall jungles self." "Yes, all of us go to school, over the ups and downs of a hilly but the school books we know by country, and there were ruts and heart. Have we not read them rocks and stumps and stones in for two years? We passed but the frequent detours that were we did not go into higher necessary to avoid the washouts. classes; there were no books.

Sometimes there were rustlings Ah ! Where is the bookshop?

in the underbrush that induced Does not the school master have watchfulness. Nevertheless, we to send for them from afar?

found it a beautiful way. When oil and salt cost so much It was called a town, this place who has rupees to send for toward which we journeyed. It A READING CIRCLE IN INDIA books? Alas, how many couries was the capitol of the Zemindari, only one book costs."

and the Rajah held his court He looked at the picture with "My father used to read, but here. Here was also his palace, the Hindi script beneath it, then he has forgotten." "Mine too. a post office and police headquar- with a quick appraising glance When we stop going to school, in ters. It is true that there were into our eyes he turned, saying, a few years the learning leaves said to be only about two hun- "Wait, your honor, I go to call us. Reading nothing we forget." dred homes, huts built of mud, my sister," and running off he But Jairam had found a story with their walled-in courtyards, called to the other children, "Do among the books; he was readbut it was an important place in not fear; she is friendly; she ing it aloud. Forgetting every- body he read on and on and on, the district. Thinking that there has papers with shadows." must also be a school here, we The children drew nearer. Al- while the group nearest him inhad slipped into the tonga a box most immediately the little run- tent as himself, listened to every of books and papers. Who away returned with his sister, a word. knows but there may be an op- sweet shy child of about nine. Others were saying, "Let me portunity, though we are going "She also reads," he announced read." "Find me a story."

today chiefly to present our with pride. The children called "Please tell us what this is salaams to the Rajah's house- him J airam. He was evidently about." It seemed that we had hold; for we had recently come a leader among them. Many had but just begun, when there was to the neighborhood and this was gathered by this time and such a call from the bullock driver.

our first visit to the town. an audience! They proved to be Might he remind us that the sun The old bullocks took the road eager for stories, quick WIth was setting and they were say- at their own sweet will, creeping questions, ready with bright bits ing in the village that a tiger like snails up the hills and com- of information about the town had been seen on the road lately. ing down again with their and the new palace, about each "Yes, we are coming Garshakey, bumpy trot. Though we other and the school. riwan. Listen children, we must had started at sunrise it was "Yes, there is a boy's school in go now. The way is long and nearing noon when we reached the town. For many years it the bullocks are slow. See, the the travelers' bungalow at the has been here. We read as high picture papers are our gifts to center of the town. A group of as the fourth reader. Oh no, you. The books you may have children had gathered when we there is no girl's school. If there too for your own, but you must stepped from the tonga. They were, who would send girls to give one pice (a halfpenny) each stood at a little distance watch- school? How did Jairam's sister for them. So will you treasure ing, curious, and half afraid. It learn? Did she not sit in the them the more. Would you like was seldom that white travelers shadow of the schoolhouse wall to have them to read to your came. and say over and over the lessons fathers and mothers?"

[45 ] "This is mine," said J airam, of gods and goddesses. India is It is a place of tragedy. Time untying the knot in his waist- rich in her folklore. after time the call comes to band where his treasures were If her learned ones would Eaton, the town just across the kept and taking out the one pice gather the best of these and railroad track, "Come quickly! he possessed. write them in simple language Another girl has attempted "And this is mine," said an- for the villagers, they could all suicide!" Sometimes the doctor other, taking the hoarded treas- share in the beautiful things of gets there quickly enoughure from the little bag that hung their own legend and history. If sometimes not, for lysol acts around his neck. Others appealed someone would write accounts of speedily. Murder is not uncomto fathers or big brothers who the faithful friendships and mon in the colony. The bootby this time formed part of the noble heroisms that are being legger thrives. Children pilfer large audience. lived every day by some of these coal from nearby yards that it Soon there were no books left lowcastes and outcastes, there may be sold to the beet workers and yet some there were with would develop for them through- at ten cents a sack. Then with empty hands whose disappoint- out the country more of con- illgotten gains there are tickets ment we appeased by promising sideration and respect. If those for the "show" and candy and again and again to return bring- who have learned from the Great cigarettes. Marij uana brings ing more. We started home- Guru would write such stories moments of forgetfulness to the ward at dusk. Jairam with his of the loving kindness of the sodden weary worker, but it also little sister followed the tonga. Heavenly Father as He Himself brings wretchedness and re- We stopped. "You will not be told, the paralyzing fears that morse in its train.

following far," we admonished, haunt the village life of India The Mexican loves his chil- "it will be growing dark." would be driven out in time by dren, but under the influence of Then the little girl spoke. She thoughts of love and hope. this drug of the Indian hemp was away from the crowd now; If those who have means family even this basal love is she was no longer shy. Lifting would offer to print such stories forgotten. Just a few weeks ago her brown eyes, she said ear- in attractive form and in the the worker, a visiting teacher, nestly, "Doing us a great kind- good clear scripts of the prov- sent into the field by the Council ness you have come to our town. inces and enable them to be put of Women for Home Missions, Many strangers have come, but on the market for far less than was met with the announcement, you only have brought us books. the cost of printing so that the "We have of the nifios in our Till you come again we will re- poorest could buy, then these houses." The teacher investimain watching. Salaam." little ones could find food and re- gated. As usual neither doctor "God bless you children, freshment and have a better nor nurse had assisted the ad- chance to "grow in wisdom and vent of the newcomer. Baths Salaam. Salaam." Shall we ever forget those two in stature and in favor with God and care were an immediate and man." necessity. For two days she who followed the tonga out of served. The third she gave the the town to thank us for bring- The Christian Literature So- grandmother directions and left ing books? In our thoughts they ciety of India is working nobly the care of patient and child to stand for the thousands of little at this problem. It was this that her. The fourth day as she folks in the villages all over the enabled us to sell the stories for entered, the older child again land who have learned in the so small a sum, but the need is met her, breathless with excitevillage schools. Leading their great and funds so limited! All ment. "You will have of the cattle to pasture or following the who have lived among the vil- quickness to come. The baby it plough, they are thirsty for lages in India realize this need, is deaded!" Shivering with apstories, hungry for books. If, and are doing what they can. prehension lest the baths be perchance, in the weekly bazaar Still the little ones are longing blamed, the teacher entered the some traveling merchant has for books in every village where cabin. It was dead! The grandbooks among his wares they are there has been a school. mother, crazed by smoking the books for learned pundits, not BEETS AND BABIES vicious drug had been irritated for the humble tiller of the soil by the cry of the child and had and his sons. Yet these villagers By Adela J. Ballard dashed the tiny bundle to the are not wholly without resource, floor with such force that the for when the day's work is done In Ragtown, Colorado, the child died of internal inj uries and the household sits about the beet colony houses provide during the night. A neighbor smoldering fire in the courtyard, homes for some three hundred reported these circumstances to they tell over and over the souls. Not always the same the teacher. Apparently no one stories they have learned and . three hundred, for there is a paid any attention to the grandthose that have been handed constant shift in the population, mother's crazed and remorseful down for hundreds of years but always some of the families ravings. from father to son-stories of have a shadow of a right to claim birds and animals, of ghosts and to have a permanent residence Some spasmodic attempts had demons, of kings and councilors, in the town. been made to create a better en-

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

vironment in this and neighbor- antagonistic. Purposely there to layout the aged granding colonies. A few faithful was no com m u nit y center mother; once it was a request to souls in the town of Eaton have opened. No Mexican will let any the teacher to sell a pair of emalways been the friends of the other human being freeze while broidered pillow slips that the beet worker. The school had at- he has a shack and a few coals wife might raise money to get tempted to have more regular of fire. So the doors were opened the husband out of jail. Somea t ten dan c e. A doctor had to the teacher. Soon changes times it is the struggle to perstruggled with the ignorance began to be noted in the colony suade a mother that onions will and superstition. But there the thinking. not absorb the poison from an inhabitants believed that most abscessed jaw or that "witching" illness came from "evil eye" Lessons were easier after an cannot possibly cause illness. spells and the rest was "air evening spent with the teacher. borne." To enforce sanitary Mothers found she could teach After six months of service all them how to say the troublesome agencies insisted the work must laws was difficult. English words. If a doctor left go on. Most emphatic has been the verdict of the school officials: In September of 1930 it was A TYPICAL "BEET FAMILY" "Never before have we had such decided to make one last attempt regular attendance from the to change conditions. At a meet- an order she could explain and East Side children, or so little ing of the Eaton Luncheon Club, demonstrate how it should be trouble with them. Ragtown is a business men's group, the carried out. The teacher's state- not hopeless ! We must go on." Western Supervisor of Migrant ment, "You do not have to wait As for Ragtown-their approval Work for the Council of Women until you are eight to go to is embarassingly wholehearted, for Home Missions suggested school; I can get you in for the for even a visiting teacher, howthe employment of a visiting good times right now," made ever earnest and friendly, cannot teacher for the period of one school sound like a privilege to accomplish all needful reforms, year-the Council to be re- strive for instead of a punish- but the towns on both sides of sponsible for salary and the com- ment to be evaded. Six-year- the track are working together munity for the expense account. olds began to be seen in the that more of the fullness of life This was decided upon and a school yard instead of in the may come to those who serve the committee appointed to serve in alleys of Ragtown. Not half so economic needs of the comadvisory capacity. This com- much coal was stolen or mischief munity. mittee had in its personnel rep- complained of after the clubs resentatives from the educa- were formed and the tiny two- SUGGESTIONS FOR tional, health, church, medical room cabin fitted up with a stove and club agencies. An executive and chairs. It was too much fun ADAPTING WORLD DAY OF of the Great Western Sugar cooking and playing games and Company was appointed chair- having dramatics. PRAYER PROGRAM man. The distrust died a natural For Senior or Intermediate death long ago. When the Groups Miss Velma McDowell of teacher's car enters the alleys of Greeley was appointed worker. the town the main difficulty is Use the program, "Hold Fast She was just completing her to proceed for each running in Prayer" and consider it as work for her Master's Degree at board sags with children; there six special calls to you. Greeley Teacher's College. A are calls from cabins. The re": major in sociology and a teach- quests are various and startling; Call to Worship (Sections ing experience in a mining com- it may be the bathing of a new 1-3) red; Call to Prayer (secmunity where the workers were born baby, or it may be a request tion 4) orange; Call to Gratilargely foreign speaking, made tude (section 5) yellow; Call her peculiarly fitted for this to Service (sections 8, 9) green; Call to Intelligence work. (sections 6, 7, 10, 11, 13) blue; Call to Responsibility (sec- Colorado laws demand that tions 12, 14-20) violet. children be in school by their eighth year. With the Mexican Six leaders may sit on the beet migrant the two years be- stage with a scarf or costume of tween six and eight are many one of the primary colors, each times the child's only hope of person leading that section of education; after that age the the program. Take your printed child is a financial asset to the leaflet, "Hold Fast in Prayer," parent and the laws are evaded number from 1 to 21 the sections only too successfully. Only given in bold type headings, as friendly persuasion was pos- Organ Music, Call to Worship, sible. The first weeks did little Hymn, Responsive Reading, etc. except form friendly contacts. Then follow these section num- The bootleggers distrusted; the bers as indicated above for the houses of ill fame were openly six leaders.

Let one person tell or read the And pray that other hearts tional University at Peking. story, "The Two Searchers," may pray. Today he occupies a prominent from Mar gar e t Eggleston's -Annie Johnson Flint. place in government counsels book, "Fireside Stories for Girls and in foreign affairs, including in Their 'Teens." A second per- * * >I< the League of Nations.

son follows, stating that others Sometimes we have the im- His father, a Christian pastor have taken up Peter's work and pression that our own country in the primitive village of Poa-a, introducing speakers who give has all the virtue of the world. was supported in his work by spotlights of work accomplished Therefore, it is very well at such the Reformed Church in Amerin the countries of sections 7, 10, a time as this to emphasize the ica through the Amoy mission. 11 and 13. These speakers could contributions of other races and He had six sons, of whom three impersonate native people in cos- peoples. Let striking personali- have been or are university protume. fessors and one is today an in- ties from various lands be pre- ternational influence. *** sented as contributing to the Christian mosaic of the world. Three strands of rope or crepe paper crushed in cord style may This could be connected with the So has the Christian missionbe shown by three persons. closing hymn and prayer in the ary stimulated the intellectual They explain that one is Prayer, leaflet, "Hold Fast in Prayer." life of China. The modernist movement in that land of 400,- the second Money, and the third By Mrs. F. A. Phillips 000,000 souls is a reflex of the Service. A fourth person comes and braids them, reciting the AMOY DECLARES A HUMAN missionary impulse. But by no means have all the minds opened following poem: DIVIDEND thus to Western culture followed Pray-Give-Go The tall American found him- through with Christian training, self under intense scrutiny from and the ultimate trend of Three things the Master hath the young Chinese seated op- China's new life is unpredictable to do posite at a recent Century Club today. dinner to the Commission of the And we who serve Him here League of Nations for study of China at this stage is a chal- below, educational conditions in China. lenge of the most inspiring sort to the faith and fighting spirit And long to see His kingdom Finally-"G 0 0 d eve n i n g. of Christianity-a challenge and come Don't you know me?" said his a priceless opportunity. vis-a-vis. May pray or give or go.

He needs them all-the open hand, "Your face-yes, but I can't A MISSIONARY PRAYER The willing feet, the praying attach the name. Just give my heart. memory a lift won't you please?" I go among unloving hearts: To work together and to replied the tall American. The Lord, go Thou with me there weave And let me breathe Thy love alway, A three-fold cord that shall response was a greeting in Just as I breathe the air. Amoy Chinese. not part. Let each day's hard and thankless task "Oh, now I have you. I knew Nor shall the giver count his your father well twenty-five Be temple-work for Thee, gift years ago," said the American. And every meal communion "Which one of his sons are you And a feast of love to me. As greater than the worker's and what in the world are you deed, May I through all the noisy streets Nor he in turn his service 'doing in New York?" In Thine own peace rejoice, boast "Lecturing at Columbia and And hear above the noise and strife Above the prayers that voice special research work," was the Thy Spirit's still small voice.

the need. reply in Harvard English. "I'm So shall Thy glowing love be lived the fifth son." Ev'n in the common place; Not all can go: not all can And hearts unloving feel the throb give, By this chance reunion Dr. Of Thy rich, seeking grace. Warnshuis picked up the threads To speed the message on its of a life that was in its early -WORLD COMRADES. way. childhood when he left Amoy. Its subsequent record has been THE WILL But young or old, or rich or a brilliant one. First prepar- poor, atory work in the missionary Lord, knowledge is not all I need; high school at Amoy, next a Nor yet a mind intent on truth; Or strong, or weak, we all can course at St. John's University, But strength within to do the deed- pray. The will! the will!

Pray that the gold filled hands may give, Shanghai, then post graduate For often when I know the way, And truth before my eyes is clear, To arm the others for the work at Harvard, and finally, Ashamed I reach the close of day. fray; two years at Leipzig, where he Give me the will. earned his doctor's degree. He That those who hear the call may go, became a professor in the Na- -F. J. MOORE. Peace Through Religion ican children to Filipino children of Nations, that small section of last year. As a result of this Africa is now in line for the The gen~ral unsettlement of project thousands of Filipino overthrow of slavery. economic and political conditions children are looking toward the has caused drastic changes in United States with the light of Among recent revelations is the plans of the American com- friendship in their eyes. the active Arab slave trade from mittee for holding the World Abyssinia into Arabia. A Ger- Conference for International According to the Committee man traveler confirms the report Peace Through Religion, ar- on World Friendship Among that slaves are still "conveyed in ranged for Washington, D. C., in Children, the results are fully large caravan parties and em- November, 1932. Dr. Henry A. as gratifying as those secured by barked secretly on ships for sale Atkinson, general secretary, an- the friendship projects to Japan in Arabia." It is estimated that nounces that this conference is in 1926-27 and to Mexico in 2,000 men and women are sold to be distinctly American. Co- 1928.. Practically every class in every year and that hundreds of operative committees have been every public school received one slaves, especially women, are organized in nearly all large of the 28,000 chests, which the smuggled yearly and sold on the countries. In the Far East the teacher is to keep on her desk eastern side of the Red Sea. movement has made rapid for school papers, while the strides, especially in Japan. 750,000 separate articles in the Active leadership in the anti- chests were distributed to the slavery campaign is found in Dr. Atkinson states that ar- children. England, where for many years rangements have been made for the Anti-Slavery and Aborigines a great mass meeting, represent- Arrangements have been made Protection Society has kept ing nearly all the world reli- for cooperation with Colonel watch of the rights and interests gions, to be held in Geneva in Roosevelt's Porto Rico Child- of native populations in all parts February on the eve of the Feeding Com mit tee during of the world. Disarmament Conference, and March, April and May. Friendchurches throughout the world ship Treasure Chests were the Broadcast to Missionaries will be asked to hold interde- goodwill symbol. Each chest connominational services during the tained articles for school use, Broadcasting station KDKA of winter and send disarmament toys for boys and girls, friend- Pittsburgh is giving the leaders pleas to Geneva. ship letters, and in addition a of the Presbyterian Church, card indicating how many hot U.S.A., an opportunity to broad- The six joint presidents of the lunches were provided by the cast a monthly message to their movement are: Dr. S. Parkes sending group at five cents a missionaries in foreign lands. Cadman, representing American lunch. The time set is each third Satur- Protestants; Dr. Alfred Ein- day evening of the month-up to stein, representing the Jewish Slavery Still Exists March-ll :15 eastern time. The group; Msgr. Ignaz Seipel, min- Presbyterian Church is at work ister of foreign affairs of Aus- Few realize to what an appall- in more fields than any other tria, representing the Catholic ing extent this evil still curses church in the world. group; the Lord Bishop of Liv- the race. It is estimated that erpool, representing the Angli- there are today about 5,000,000 Christian Work for Asiatic cans; Dr. Rabindranath Tagore, slaves in various lands. Disclos- Farmers representing the sects of India; ure of frightful conditions in and Baron Sakatani, member of Liberia last December resulted The visit of Dr. Kenyon L. in the American Secretary of Butterfield to Japan, Korea, the Japanese House of Peers, State informing the Liberian China and the Philippine Islands government that unless the has been most timely. In these representing the Japanese reli- "shocking suppression of na- countries interest in rural work tives" which is "scarcely distin- has greatly increased in recent gions. guishable from slave raiding and years. In Korea, where special slave trading" be abolished, the classes for farmers are being World Friendship Through "friendly feeling which the organized, Dr. Butterfield con- Children American government and peo.,. ferred with the leaders and shared in the training confer- "A half – million sun – tanned pIe have entertained for Libe- ences. The Kingdom of God Movement in Japan and the little faces were wreathed in ria" will be alienated. With Five-Year Movement in China smiles by the presents which added pressure from the League came forth from the 28,000 Friendship Chests" from Amer- [49] both lay much emphasis on ef- fession days in the Sunday gregations worshipping in halls forts to reach the country peo- school. and missions. There are about ple. In the vicinity of Paoting- c. By observing the "Home 400,000 Jews with a religious fu, where the Mass Education Vis ita t ion Evangelism" life highly developed.

Movement under the leadership plan. Continuation in Home Missions of Dr. James Yen and the Liter- d. By holding special evanary Movement of the Churches "There has never been a time have centered their experimen- gelistic m e e tin g s 0 r when the nation needed the intal work, the results achieved preaching missions. spiration and guidance of a comare so successful that people in pelling religious faith more than all parts of China are beginning 3. Conserving Evangelical Re- in the present hour; never a to imitate the methods adopted sults. time when America was in there. Mr. Hubbard, the Ameri- a. By organizing and con- greater need of that spiritual can Board missionary in Pao- ducting a class, one night quality which the churches can, ting-fu, reports that in five each week for a period of if they will, contribute to the life years 29,999 persons have been six weeks, composed of of the nation. enrolled in reading classes, over new members. 7,000 have obtained a diploma of b. By following the members "If, however, the church is to literacy. The church member- who move. be the moral guide of all the ship shows a net increase of 70 c. By integrating the new people, then the various commu- membership into the active nions must heal their divisions, per cent. life of the Church. combine their resources and During the first half of Janu- d. By participation in weekly unite their forces in a construc- giving. tive, cooperative effort to meet aryan institute for country pI"esent-day needs." Such was workers will be held in the Can- 4. Helping the Pastor. the conviction of those who ton area. Then Dr. Butterfield a. In his evangelistic reading. spoke at the Continuation Conwill spend four weeks in the b. In his evangelistic preach- ference of the North American Philippines. From the middle of ing. Home Missions Congress which April to the middle of July he c. In his pastoral work- met in Cincinnati November 9 will be in Japan, where a strong shepherding. committee has arranged to have and 10. a Japanese leader and a mission- Evangelistic Drive for 50,000 This was the first of a series ary accompany him throughout the whole of his stay. Protestant churches of Chi- of "continuation conferences" to cago have entered upon an evan- be held in different parts of the gelistic drive for 50,000 new United States as a follow-up to NORTH AMERICA members which will culminate the North American Home Mis- Plans for Evangelism at Easter. The first meeting of sions Congress held in Washing- this drive was held September ton last year.

A suggested program for the 28. No important phase of mis- year to strengthen evangelism Nearly 600 clergymen repre- sion activity was overlooked.

throughout the churches sug- senting a score of different de- Past failures and present oppor- gests the following essential fea- nominations are engaged in the tunities were presented. The tures: campaign, assisted by leading church has a very definite re- 1. The Deepening of the Spirit- members of their churches. The sponsibility for the immigrant, whole is being directed by Dr. the mountain folk, the Negro, ual Life. Asa J. Ferry, pastor of Edge- the rural sections and cities. a. By enrichment of public water Presbyterian Church and chairman of the Chicago Church But one conviction seemed to worship. Federation's Commission on outweigh all others, namely that b. By more loyal church at- Evangelism. whatever the virtues of denomi- nationalism in the past, it is to- tendance. The recent survey by Dr. H. day hindering the work of the c. By daily devotions. Paul Douglass is quoted to show Church. Churches cost the peo- that there are approximately ple too much because of the The Commission on Evan- tremendous overhead brought gelism is making available 1,800 churches in the area and about by competition. Intelligent to the churches a series of that out of the population of cooperation would go a long way daily devotions from Janu- 3,500,000 in metropolitan Chi- to increase the usefulness of the ary first to Pentecost, May cago, the churches have more than 3,000,000 members. Of Church. 15. these about 2,500,000 are equally The Continuation Conferences d. By placing religious maga- divided between the Catholics will begin this year's series at zines and other Christian literature in the homes.

2. The Winning of Others to and Protestants, the Catholics Indianapolis on January 18th.

Christ. having 380 churches for their Other conferences will be held a. By pas tor s' instruction 1,250,000 adherents and the at Seattle, Portland, Oakland, classes. Pro t est ant shaving 1,300 Berkeley, San Francisco, Los b. By holding decision or con- churches, with numerous con- Angeles and Denver.

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

Need Among Coal Miners sions at the Sixth Methodist board, the present status, and The Federal Children's Bu- Ecumenical Conference which the outlook for the future. The reau announces that about 25,- ended its session in Atlanta, figure adopted represents a re- 000 children will have to be fed Georgia, on October 25. Delein the soft coal areas of VVest gates from all parts of the coun- duction of close to five per cent Virginia and Kentucky this try attended. A delegation of u,nder the budget of appropriawinter. 60 or more came from Great Britain. tIons for the current year, or The American Friends Serv- about $200,000. ice Committee (Quakers) have The conference went on recundertaken this task and the ord strongly declaring that the Members of the staff of the Federal Council of Churches of Church should educate for peace, Presbyterian Board of National Christ in America is cooperat- that it should talk peace, should Missions are joining in making ing in the raising of necessary think peace and declared, "VVar funds, food and clothing. A must go or civilization goes." sacrificial gifts from their salanumber of relief stations have already been opened. VVeighing The occasion breathed the ries to the work of the board. the children reveals alarming spirit of brotherhood which expercentages of undernourish- ists in the various branches of Those who have united in this ment. Methodism t h r 0 ugh 0 u t the sacrificial giving include both w 0 1'1 d, numbering 12,000,000 Reports from field workers members and 30,000,000 con- the executive and the clerical tell of the desperate need for stituents, possessing 100,000 clothing. Mothers have made churches and owning $2,000,- staff at headquarters and presclothes for children from flour 000,000 worth of property. byterial and synodical execusacks. Many children are unable tives. to go to school because they have Prayer sessions of the convennot sufficient clothing. tion were an impressive feature. A Woman Pastor in Alaska The adults are also facing Valdez, a town on the coast of starvation unless aid comes. Alaska, has enjoyed some ups The present extreme distress of miners in the bituminous coal and several downs. In 1914 its industry comes from overexpansion of the industry, shrinkage population climbed to 2,100 peoin the market, and oversupply of labor, which have thrown ap- ple, who were attracted by copproximately 100,000 miners out of work. New means of making Protestant Episcopal Growth per mining and salmon cfaismhein~g a living must be found for these but by the time the VVar men and their families and they Alexander B. Andrews, of must have a way to live during its close only 350 were left. Tothe transition period. Raleigh, North Carolina, has put day there are 400 people in the The Federal Children's Bureau into figures the various activiand the President's Committee place, which is ninety miles on Employment turned to the ties of the Protestant Episcopal American Friends Service Com- from the next town. Many of mittee, which, because of their Church in the United States for experience in Europe and in the sea l' e Norwegians and scenes of industrial strife at the fifty years 1881-1930, incluhome, are especially well quali- Swedes, who do not object to fied to engineer this program. sive. The following table reveals cold weather and long winters. Gifts of clothing, food and the growth of the Church by money may be sent to the Amer- A Congregational church was ican Friends Service Committee decades: for Miners, 1515 Cherry Street, organized in 1900 and a building Commu- erected two years later. This Year Clergy nicants has continued to be the only per- 1881 …… " 3,369 344,580 1891 . . . . . . " 4,163 535,573 manent religious organization in 1901. . . . . . .. 5,011 751,156 1911. . . . . . .. 5,543 963,097 the community. Recent years 1921. . . . . . .. 5,987 1,104,029 1930. . . . . . .. 6,290 1,287,431 have brought a high school, a weekly visit from a boat, and an occasional airplane. The present pastor is a woman, Mrs. E. E.

VVhile some years have been Striegel. A member of the slow, the progress of the Church has been continuously upward. church who is now in the States More encouraging than the is showing his loyalty by raising growth in membership even is that in contributions. These the money for a new roof for the have risen from $6,539,927.69 in 1876 to $45,944,896.82 in 1930. building.

National Missions Cuts Budget LATIN AMERICA Of the ten governments in South American countries seven have been changed by revolu- Philadelphia, Pa. (Concerning A budget of appropriations tionary process, the administrafood shipments write to 20 for the year 1932-1933 amount- tions of two of them have been South Twelfth Street, Phila- ing to $3,915,000 was approved altered without revolution, but delphia.) by the Presbyterian Board of by action of the electorate which The Methodist Ecumenical National Missions at its semi- was almost revolutionary in Convention annual meeting held in Ashe- character. Of the heads of the ville, North Carolina, October 28 States with whom President Important pronouncements on and 29. Action on the budget Hoover conferred before his ininternational and church ques- followed a thorough review of auguration in 1928, not a single tions were made during the ses- the financial history of the one is now in office. Such facts

indicate the strain and difficulty The creation of these colonies In two years and a half reof the problems which the South and agricultural centers will quests for literature numbered American countries, together bring to the door of the evan- 842, from 120 cities and villages with other nations of the world, gelical churches new fields of in seven states. Of these 162 have been facing, and we will opportunity. The church should joined the reading club and read hope and pray that the coming be ready to furnish religious in- over 400 books. year will bring larger measures struction for the children of of order, freedom and pros- these communities and to aid EUROPE perity. them in the establishment of permanent religious centers. A British Crisis Disturbs Churches New Bishop for Mexico large percentage of the families who will avail themselves of The financial crisis is disturb- The new suffragan bishop of these opportunities will be mem- ing the work of the churches in Mexico, the Right Rev. Efrain bers of the evangelical churches. many ways, some of them quite Salinas, on Sunday, October 25, From the very beginning of the unexpected. The Foreign Miswas inducted into office and con- work in Puerto Rico the rural si(')nary Committee of the Wesfirmed his first class, five girls districts have been deeply inter- 1eyan Methodist Church decided from Hooker School. The long ested in the Gospel and the on reductions in the salaries service, all in Spanish, was held strongest influences for the both of the office staff in London in the Church of San Jose de church have come from the and of the missionaries on the Gracia in Mexico City. Bishop country. field. It was said to be quite Salinas has been assigned the impossible to estimate as yet the oversight of all the Mexican mis- Newspaper Evangelism in Brazil effect of the departure from the sions of the Protestant Episco- gold standard upon the income pal Church. Peter G. Baker, superintend- and expenditures of the Mission- ent of Collegio Americano, ary Society, but it was certain Hard Times in Guatemala Bahia City, Brazil, has been a that great fluctuations in ex- leader in bringing the Christian change would be felt, especially There are hard times in Gua- message to the influential classes in China. The hope was extemala as in other places. The in Latin America. For some pressed that the present ecolow price of coffee, the principal time he found it difficult to reach nomic distress would not be export crop of Guatemala, is one or interest them. allowed to dry up the spring of of the principal causes, though liberality at home. there are others, of course. But "Small advertisements," the fact is, there are many with- writes Mr. Baker, "were placed – The Churchman. out employment amI business is in the daily papers announcing worse than at a standstill. that Christian literature would Indian Visit of Christian be sent free to anyone who Friendship In spite of the lack of work would send his name and adand low wages, the congregation dress. Upon receipt of the re- A preliminary meeting was has kept on giving loyally to the quest for literature a package held recently by the Conference Lord's work out of their pov- of tracts was sent, accompanied of British Missionary Societies erty. Four home missionaries by a letter offering the reader in connection with an invitation are sustained each month in the privilege of becoming a which has been sent to the country districts besides the member of a Reading Club with Christian Church in India to large work done at home. Lib- the right to borrow books from send some of its members on a eral contributions are made for the circulating library. Among visit of Christian friendship to the poor and sick, also. Truly, the books listed were the Bible, Great Britain in the autumn of hard times often show up the New Testament, biographies, next year. Emphasis was laid real character of those who have books for Bible study, books of on the fact that the purpose of professed Christ. sermons or articles on religious the visit of four or five Indian subjects, and stories which teach Christians, under the leadership, -Presbyterian Mission. great moral truths or point to it is expected, of Dr. Azariah, Christ. A club member could Bishop of Dornakal, was that Evangelism and Puerto Rican keep a book for one month and these members of one of the Farmers then return it at his own ex- younger Christian Churches in pense. When a club member had the East, should share with the Eight hundred and fifty farms read four or five books and rank and file of the churches in have been assigned during the shown interest a letter was sent England their own Christian exlast year to small owners and to him asking if he desired to perience, and thus stimulate the two hundred and thirty homes accept Christ and prepare him- spiritual life in Great Britain. to laborers. The government self for membership in the evanhas also contracted for 10,208 gelical church. A decision card The traveling expenses of the acres of land that will be actual- accompanied the letter, which visitors is being raised by the ly purchased as soon as money he could sign and return." Indian Christian churches themis available. The project calls selves. The imagination of these for the division of this estate churches has been extraordiinto 2,176 small farms. narily stirred by the scheme.

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

Spain's New Charter speaking people from Poland, United States where they have Ukrainia and the Border States acquired money, education, and The Constitutional Cortes of there are approximately one mil- have been converted to Protest- Republican Spain adopted its lion of these people in France. antism. It is estimated that new Constitution on December Twelve Protestant missionaries there are now 200,000 evanfirst. It is a unique document have regular Russian meetings gelicals in a total population of designed to transform a feudai in fifteen centres. The majority 43,000,000. monarchy into a progressive of the refugees belong to the modern state. educated upper classes. An Twice in six months the Pope evangelical church has been es- has protested that "the Lateran The document includes equal tablished with about 100 mem- Treaty and Concordat are being suffrage for men and women bers and the work is growing. infringed by non-Catholic and over twenty-three, equality of Last year the missionaries made anti-Catholic proselytizing in both sexes, a single-chambered Italy and especially in Rome." Parliament, property laws mak- about 850 visits outside their He further complains that Proing possible the nationalization centres and distributed some testant proselytizing has not of property and essential indus- 100,000 Russian Gospels and ceased since 1870, but grows tries, divorce by mutual consent, tracts and over 1,700 Russian greater, "with offence to the and the equality of legitimate Bibles and New Testaments divine founder of the Catholic and illegitimate children. were sold or given away. Church and harmful effect upon men's souls." The Constitution disestab- Dr. George Hunter of Long lishes the Catholic Church as the Beach, California, writes of his -Alliance Weekly. state religion and declares Spain visits to the Russian refugees in to be a "secular" state. Paris: "In the large congrega- A City "Without God"

The Cortes not only voted to tion of Russians at the mission Unable to destroy religion and terminate the age-old union of hall of Rev. George Urban were the Christian Church effectively church and state but to cease Russian officers' wives, and for- where it has once flourished, the paying priests from public mer generals' widows, and my "'Society of the Godless," with funds, to take ov,er control of most attentive listener seemed to the official backing of Soviet education, to expel any religious be the Bishop of the Russian authorities, will build in Russia, orders which did not comply Orthodox Church." in the vicinity of Nischni-Novwith certain regulations-this gorod, an entirely new city for clause was aimed at the Jesuits George Urban, the superin- about 30,000 laborers in which -and to seize church property tendent of the Russian Gospel there is to be no trace of reliunder certain circumstances. Movement, has visited the Rus- gious life. The city is to consist The Vatican protested against sians in Marseilles, the French of forty immense communal these articles, but took no Riviera, Lyon and Savoie, and houses, according to the Posener further action, announcing that found a number of earnest Z eitungsdienst, equipped with it would wait and see how the seekers, including a baroness club rooms, lecture halls, motion articles were enforced before with her nephew. pictures, gymnasiums, libraries undertaking to exert any greater and dining rooms. On each floor pressure on the new republic. Professor John Neprash, a there is to be an information A few clerics as individuals at- well known Russian evangelical table for answering questions tempted to stir up the people leader, the representative in about the non-religious life. Two against these articles but they America of the All-Russian Bap- periodicals, The Godless and The were expelled or jailed. tist Union, recently conducted a Godless at the Work Bench, are fruitful twelve days campaign to be distributed freely. In the The Cortes also antagonized in the Russian Gospel hall at meeting rooms a member of the the church by providing for di- "Salle Pleyel," in Paris. Society of the Godless is to be in vorce and taking jurisdiction attendance at all times for antiover martial affairs out of the Protestant Status in Italy religious consultation. Anti-relihands of ecclesiastical courts. gious lectures and classes are to A summary of Protestantism be presented every fifth day. Another clause provides for in Italy shows that the Waldenseizure of the great estates to be sians have 150 parishes and sta- AFRICA divided among the peasants. tions. English Anglicans and Church dignitaries criticized Presbyterians have churches In a Moslem Stronghold this article as bearing especially wherever there may be a British heavily on the church. colony. German Lutherans and Dr. R. H. Bland, working in French Calvinists also have es- Omdurman for the Church Mis- Gospel for Russians in France tablished churches. The Bap- sionary Society, says that years tists, Methodist Episcopal, and of modern education seem to The Russian Gospel Move- Wesleyan Methodist have serv- have brought to the Sudanese ment, an independent "Faith ices in Italian, the pastors but little realization of his duty Mission," works among the hun- mostly Italian. Many of th·e to his neighbor. The "man of dreds of thousands of Russian Protestant churches in Southern means" who hires a taxi to drive refugees in France and Belgium. Italy have been established by Together with other Russian- emigrants returning from the

to the mission hospital still shuts their 75,000 children and in gen- and he was conducted to the up his daughters at the age of eral upon this manifestation of sanatorium by another of the eight or nine to marry them, at the gesta Dei per Francos. A sheikhs of the Mosque of llaska a price, a few years later to hus- little book on "The Creative at Jerusalem in a miserable state bands they know nothing of and Work of French Protestant Mis- of health. After ten months'

have never seen. The govern- sions in South Africa" has been stay he is already in excellent ment clerk who wears a neat written by the French Consul- condition and will once more white shirt and European shoes, General in London, M. Goirand, take up his post in the Mosque probably living in a brick house who was formerly French Con- of Omar.

with electric light and telephone, sul at Johannesburg, where he Sheikh 11 Ansary and the still provides only a little mud came in contact with the French Chief Sheikh of the Mosque and room at the back for his women- missionaries among the Basuto. the key keeper of the Church of folk. Workers in hospitals and Catholic by birth, M. Goirand the Holy Sepulchre recently vis- schools are trying to show the was entirely unaware of Prot- ited the sanatorium.

Sudanese the Gospel of love estant mission work until he Another interesting case is through Jesus Christ. At this came upon these missions in that of 'Sheikh Ali, the son of mission hospital in Omdurman South Africa. He was so amazed Sheikh Mirza, the most famous some 3,500 patients are treated at what he saw that he obtained and m 0 s t important Shiite every month. authorization from the Ministry sheikh in the world. He came Revival in East Africa of Foreign Affairs to pay this from Persia accompanied by two other great ones and was led to A revival broke out recently public tribute to a work little Dr. Nucho's house by Sheikh among the native Christian known to the French people in Abd-ul-Hussein, who is in turn groups in Portuguese East Afri- general. Recently a Roman Cath- the leading 'Shiite sheikh in ca, led entirely by native speak- olic, Fellow of the University of Syria. France, on a traveling scholarers but watched by the missionaries with earnest interest. Miss ship in Asia and Africa, paid his All the Shiites in the world Craig of the American Board tribute to this mission in the will be grateful to the Presbytetells of two boys starting off on form of a lecture on Protestant rian Mission for the existence of missions among the Basuto, de- the Hamlin Memorial Sanatoan evangelistic trip through livered before the Association of rium when Sheikh Ali leaves in wild country, with buffalo and French Geographers. leopards abounding, speaking perfect health by next summer with the people they meet on the -South African Outlook. and returns to his father Sheikh Mirza in the land of Persia. way or in the kraals. At the end WESTERN ASIA -Dr. N. Nucho. of the month these lads had Freedom in Turkey Turning to Christ in Persia talked with 1,338 people, and at least thirty-five declared they A good many despotic rulers A young Persian who was would turn from their sins and at one time and another have about to leave his home in Ham- sensed a relationship between adan to labor in the oil fields of follow Christ. "Fifty new members also Christianity and the itch for po- the south, told a Presbyterian joined the Church at a great litical liberty. Even the modern missionary he had not yet made service in Angola," writes Miss Turk seems to have discovered up his mind whether to remain Florence Malcolm of the Ameri- the same truth. L. Levonian a Moslem or become a Christian. can Board. "The week previous, writes: "In a book recently The missionary suggested that the villagers came from all di- translated and published in he take with him a Koran and a rections carrying their goods on Istanbul by an eminent Turk- Gospel, read a little of each their heads – a sleeping mat, a ish writer I saw these lines: every day and pray God to guide basket of meal and cooking uten- 'Nations following the laws of him to the truth. Not long after, sils. Sunday afternoon the cor- Brahma, Buddha and Moham- the Persian wrote from the oil nerstone of the new hospital was med have learned nothing but fields that he had found the laid, and Dr. Cushman and her despotism. Modern liberty is the truth and wanted to be baptized. assistants will soon have an ade- fruit lot the Gospel.' Think of a There is an increasing demand quate building and equipment to Moslem translating and publish- for the services of nurses who have studied at the Nurses' carryon their splendid work." ing these things !" Training School at Tabriz. The French Missions Honored Famous Shiekhs at a Mission school is a mission institution The Academie Francaise has Sheikh Yusuf, of the Sunni and prepares nurses for both awarded to the Society of Evan- Moslem sect, came to the Hamlin private work and for other mis- gelical Missions the Prix de . Mission Hospital in Syria from sion hospitals.

Vertu and a gift of ten thousand the most famous and most holy Fiske Seminary for Girls at francs. M. Barthou, in making place in the Moslem world next Rezaieh reports that for the first the award, dwelt on the devotion to Mecca itself. Being a sheikh time in the history of the school of the missionaries, the martyr- did not save him from becoming more Moslem students than doms, the 1,300 schools with a victim of the "white plague," Christians enrolled.

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON have identified themselves with the suggestion that Dr. Kagawa the masses in the national strug- shoul~ be invited to come to India for Christian Minorities gle for independence. At the a serIes of evangelistic meetings· the same time non-Christians realize splendid ex;ample of Burma and, a:bove The Christians in India form the peculiar position in which a~l, t~e :VIdespread feeling that the one of the minority communi- Indian Christians are placed in tIme IS rIpe for a united endeavor to ties. Five million are not very their relationship to foreign mis- carry the evangel with all the weight many alongside of three hun- sions, and they recognize that of the Christian resources of the dred and fifty million, but the the vast majority of them are Council to the mind and heart of engaged in nation-building ac- Indi:,. The Committee was one in retwo large communities in India tivities. The time is now come solvmg that elaborate organization have acknowledged the right of for making it clear to the coun- should be avoided and that reliance the Christians in India to both try and to the Indian Christians from first to last must be upon God. speak and be heard. ~uch has themselves what the rightful A~o~g the beaten track of prayer, the been said regarding the safe- place of the Indian followers of mmIstry; o.f th~ word, the living of guards necessary to guarantee Jesus Christ should be in the the ChrIstIan hfe, the expression of to the various minorities the en- new India that is in the making. th~ C?ristian spirit, the fearless apjoyment of their ordinary rights The lead of the National Chris- pl!cat~on of the Christian epic, the under a national government. tian Council in this matter will wIdenmg range of fellowship and the VVe have never considered such be very opportune. adventure of faith, the steps of the safeguards necessary. VVhatever Son of God are most likely to be may be said for or against safe- -Po O. Philip. found and the authentic voice of His guarding financial interest or in- Spirit most clearly heard. . . . ternational relationships, we feel Shall Christianity Be . The first step should be to seek the that no service can be rendered Nationalized? mterest and cooperation of all the India by attempting, in a writ- Christian forces. The whole line must ten constitution, to safeguard Mr. Jamaluddin, principal of advance. To this end the help of the rights of any group within the Boys' High School in Jullun- church and mission councils, Christian India itself. VVe believe the pro- dur, a station manned entirely colleg~s, 9hristian journals, laymen's nouncement of many Christian by Indians, voices the plea that orgamzatIOns and mterdenominationbodies on this subject as not de- India needs not a westernized al societies should be invited. siring any specific safeguards, is Christ: a favorable omen. VVhen all is The movement must reach all secsaid and done, conditions in the "As the Gospel was first tions of the community. It is there- India of the future must rest preached in the Orient by VVest- fore imperative that an endeavor be with the citizens of this land, ern missionaries, it was perhaps made not only to preach the Christian and we believe further that the inevitable that Christ should message but to bring its principles to legitimate rights and interests come first in VVestern dress, es- bear on rural, industrial, social and of any minority will be perfectly pecially since Indian pantheism, other problems. . . . secure in the keeping of the ma- Indian formalism and Indian jority groups. idolatry could not easily be util- The place of prayer must be funda- ized for Christian thought or mental. . . . The movement calls -The Indian Witness. Christian worship. Paul and for a deepening of spiritual life. It other leaders of the New Testa- is therefore urged that retreats and ,Religious Liberty ment indicate that Christianity, conferences, particularly in the inter- which is a universal religion, ests of pastors, should be held wher- In view of the important issues will adapt itself to special na- ever possible. raised about the right of foreign tional characteristics in every missionaries to carryon their nation without setting up a sep- The fullest possible use should be activities, it is gratifying to arate national form in any." made of Christian literature. learn that the National Christian Council of India has appointed A Call to Evangelism The Committee calls upon its brethan influential committee to study ren everywhere to take up the minthe whole subject of religious The National Christian Coun- istryof intercession. liberty. This committee has been cil Review for June, 1931, recharged with the responsibility ports a deepening interest in the Indians Sending Out of preparing a statement mak- all-important matter of evangel- Missionaries ing clear what the place of the ism. At its meeting in April the Christian Church is in the life of subject had a central place.. The Secretary of the Internathe community and the service it tional ~issionary Council has is called upon to render in the Some of the relevant considerations India of today. There has been were: the resolution of the Central written to inquire if the Naa tendency among Indian Chris- Conference of the Methodist Episcopal tians to consider themselves as a Church inviting the Council to inau- tional Missionary Society of'Inspecial community like the Mos- gurate a forward movement in evangelems and to demand special priv- lism and pledging cooperation; the dia would cooperate in a scheme ileges and safeguards. Very few Kingdom of God Movement in Japan and the similar movement in China; of missionary work for Indian settlers in Kenya and Uganda in East Africa. A doctor full of evangelistic zeal has already of- fered her full-time service to help these Indians. She is very anxious that alongside of her ministrations there should be established work by two Indian Christian missionaries in the places mentioned above. A group of friends deeply interested in this proposal are prepared to find £300 per year to help Indian

missionaries to go and work of the Brethren, and the Society cause it is necessary to present a there. Financially the Society of Friends. united front in non-Christian counmay not be able to subsidize this tries. undertaking, but the scheme ap- It was agreed that negotiapeals to us very much, as the t ion s for a comprehensive "Burma for Christ" Movement time has come for the Christians church union in Northern India of India to go out to other lands should proceed. In church polity The Burma Christian Council and share with them that have there should be congregational through its Evangelistic Comnot the "unsearchable riches of liberty in the life and activity of mittee has called the Church to the Gospel of Christ." Our com- the local church; responsibility a vision of God's purpose for mission is, "Go to all the world for government should vest in Burma. The movement, which and preach the Gospel to every synods or representative coun- was reported in our June num- cils, with clerical and lay mem- ber, is not meant to be a spascreature." bers; and there should be super- modic effort, but it calls for a intendents or bishops. Several fresh outlook which, begun in -National Missionary delegates emphasized the neces- penitence and prayer, continued Intelligencer. sity of avoiding the term "his- in faith and perseverance, shall toric episcopate." regenerate in the Church of To Begin Work in India Burma that spirit which thrills The conference thought that a through the pages of the Acts of The General Convention of the South India scheme in its pres- the Apostles. Protestant Episcopal Church at ent form was not quite adequate its recent meeting responded to to the needs of North India, but The bulletin of the movement, the call from India to open work desired a conference to consider which was inspired largely by in the 'Singareni area in the the principles to be adopted in the movements in China and Province of Hyderabad. This the formation of a united church Japan, mentions three general area comprises three counties for India. principles on which the movewith a population of about three ment ought to be based: hundred thousand people and is Meantime steps are being taken part of a vast rural area in the in the direction of a smaller 1. The "Burma for Christ" movedominions of the Nizam of Hy- union between the Methodist ment should work in and through the derabad. Bishop Azariah of Episcopal Church, the English Churches, extending to every Chris- Dornakal believes that a sepa- Baptist community, and the tian, and finally reaching the millions rate diocese can be erected in the United Church of Northern beyond. Nizam's dominions within a few India. years. The Singareni area is a 2. The movement is not a pugnaciregion in which both the Church Union in South India ous challenge to other religions, but of England and the American seeks to see God's Spirit leading them Methodists have been maintain- Last October there was held in on to fulfilment in Christ. ing mission work. In the interest of comity and consolidation, Vel1ore, South India, the general 3. The movement must be comprethe Methodists have withdrawn. hensive, seeking to touch all races, assembly of the South India working in all areas, employing vari- The Church in the Diocese of eties of method, and aiming at estab- Dornakal has for several years United Church, which is the re- lishing the Kingdom of God in all faced the danger of being over- relationships of life. whelmed by the number of peo- sult of a union between the Conple who have turned to it for gregational, Presbyterian and Stress is laid on the need for the fulfillment of their spiritual other non-episcopal churches of every Christian to catch the hopes and longings. There has South India. The negotiations vision of God's purpose, to be an not· been sufficient staff to pre- for church union, for which agent of that purpose, and to pare properly the many candi- South India has become famous, pray. dates for baptism and confirma- have been going on between this tion. United Church, the Anglican At the annual meeting of the Church and the Wesleyan Meth- Burma Christian Council (July Plans are in progress for se- odist Church. The retiring pres- 28th to 30th) the greater part curing American missionaries ident of the assembly, Mr. J. V. of the time was given to considand funds for the work. Chelliah, in his address said: eration of and planning for the movement. A letter from the North India Church Union It has been pointed out that Lam- secretary says: beth 1930 took a retrograde step and A Round Table Conference on went back on some of the fundamen- During the coming year we recom- Church Union was held at Delhi tal concessions made in 1920. Even mend that the emphasis be placed at which representatives were conceding the truth of this, it does upon deepening the spiritual lives of present from the Anglican not at all affect our position here. the Christians of Burma. There are Church, the United Church of The problem of union is much more signs that the Christian forces of the North India, the Methodist Epis- difficult to solve owing to the in- Province are beginning to focus upon copal and Wesleyan Churches, grained prejudices of centuries. We this task of evangelism. There is a the English Baptists, the Church should not wait till the churches in very general and hearty response…. the west make their adjustments. In the matter of union the initiative lies A Karen is joint secretary. We with the churches in the mission field, hope to see the whole thing more in- partly because there are fewer preju- digenous. We are very much en- dices to contend with, and partly be- couraged, and feel that the founda- tions are being laid strong, wide and deep, and that the response promises much for the future.

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

Government Request Mission in North Shansi in capital" of the radical govern- ment and a hotbed of anti-Chris- The Siamese government has which he said: ' tian agitation. asked the Presbyterian Mission to evangelize a certain section in "We Catholics have a greater eastern Siam. In reply the Siamese National Church' sent responsibility in China today A Chinese Pastor's Impressions its first missionary family to that t,erritory. With the evan- than ever before, because you Rev. Tom J ung, pastor of a gelist were two prominent Siamese pastors to help look over the Protestants have neglected your Chinese Presbyterian Church in situation. They camped in an open shed, but for a short time emphasis upon the saving power San Francisco, has visited China only, for the government officials invited them to stay at the Gov- of Jesus Christ, and you are so after more than 30 years conernor's house. The government at Bangkok had sent a telegram busily engaged in good works of tinuous residence in the United to the officials asking them to treat the Siamese missionaries education, social service, medical States. He tells some of his imwith all courtesy. relief and other activities, that pressions in The Missionary CHINA too few of you give full time to Messenger. A Challenging Statement the preaching of the Gospel of "When I arrived at my home Mr. L. M. Outerbridge honorary agricultural secretary of the Jesus." village I found my people all idol China International Famine Relief Commission, tells of a chal- Reject Registration of St. John's worshipers, and exceedingly sulenging statement made to him University by Chow Kwo Hsien, former perstitious. As I watched them Chinese envoy at Ottawa. Dur- The Chinese Nationalist goving eight years in America he ernment has refused to permit I felt as Paul in Athens when had sought the reason which St. John's University and Middle prompted the people of America School, Shanghai, to register he saw the city wholly given to to share Iiber,ally of their men and money with China's with a statement of Christian idolatry. One day I told the peonee.d in ~ducation, hospitals, purpose. After much study of socIal serVIce and famine re- the question of registration ple I wanted to tear down a Joss lief; for sending gifts to a Bishop Grayes of the Protestant land never seen is unknown in Episcopal Church, and the coun- Hou~e and build a library. Chinese history. He was satis- cil of advice had finally agreed fied that in America was a suffi- to the application, provided it Agamst some opposition this ciently large number of people contained the statement of motivated by the spirit of Christ Christian purpose and other was done. In this library I to have created a public mind, safeguards as laid down by the ready to share with others in National Council of the Church. placed the Bible and other Chrisneed. Said he: The application was accordingly sent in, but has now been re- tian literature. Now some of As Christians, you have accomplished jected, both because of this wonders in helping China solve her those Joss worshipers have beproblems, but you have failed to give statement and because the uni- China the dynamic power that enables versity includes a school of come God worshipers. your country to rise to our need. We theology. do not need your money as much as "Another day I called the peowe need this same spirit of Jesus Dr. F. L. Hawkes Pott, presiwhich has made your country great. dent of the university, reports ple together and said to th eymO~ You missionaries lean over backward that although no public an- 'How foolish and ignorant in being willing to hide your Christian Gospel if it is not welcomed, but nouncement was made of the en- are! You spend the money to until through your efforts the thought trance examinations, there were of China shall be permeated by the many applicants, with the result worship idols. Why do you not personality of Jesus, China will not that six hundred and two stube able to accomplish social reforms de,nts enrolled in the college and spend your money to educate for herself. mIddle school, an increase over the preceding year. your children?' Then I opened Mr. Outerbridge also tells of a conversation with the Father a school with 38 pupils. I Superior of a Belgian Catholic wished to show them that idols are useless things.

"The change I found in China was very great. China has im- proved very much, and I believe when the time comes China will become a Christian nation."

Need for Missionaries Two Baptisms in Hankow "The one thing that has struck me so far," writes an Two prominent young men, English missionary recently ar- returned students and now oc- rived in North China, "is the tremendous opportunity for mis- cupying important positions in sionades out here and the ter- Hankow, have recently been rible handicap we suffer through lack of numbers. Another half- baptized as Christians. One of dozen ministers would make all the diffeTence, as the work could these was Mr. Yang Chung then be better co-ordinated and much that is now done by cer- Chen, prominent banker, and tain men, because there is no one else to do it, could be handed the other was Mr. C. K. Hthu~ over to specialists, leaving the commissioner of finance of others free to get on with their Wuhan municipality. Both men own jobs.

sought baptism on their own "The present staff is really splendid and one can have noth- initiative. Less than five years ago Hankow was the "national

ing but admiration for the quiet has been accorded to the relief who is well known throughout way they set about their work, organizations. the empire. Morinaga's chocoften cut off completely from olates, candies and cakes are other foreigners. The Chinese Negotiations are in process to eaten by the children in Japan pastors also seem to be real secure credits or long-term loans and his advertisements flank spiritual men with a very high to meet the costs of colonization, every railway in the Far East. standard." as was done in the case of earlier He was a once a Christian but migrations of Mennonites and retired his faith to make a for- Russian Christian Refugees Lutherans to Canada and Brazil. tune. The recent death of his In the meantime, funds have wife brought Mr. Morinaga to a The evangelical refugees from been sent to the American Con- crisis, and he is now a familiar Russia who are now at Harbin, sul at Harbin so that the im- figure in Tokyo pulpits where he China, awaiting transportation mediate needs of the refugees speaks usually on the theme, to permanent homes in either may be met. "The chief of sinners, 1." He North or South America, con- has just given all his workers a sist of about 700 to 800 Men- JAPAN-CHOSEN copy of the New Testament. nonites, some 400 Lutherans, and smaller numbers of other Christians for Forty Years Japanese Christian Graphic creeds. Many of them have been living at Harbin for eigh- In the City Hall in Osaka, An innovation in Christian teen or nineteen months, sup- Japan, there was a gathering of publications is the newly anported by their denominational all Christians, and those who nounced Japanese Christian relief organizations, but the had been Christians for more Graphic, of which Rev. Michio large sum necessary to bring than forty years were asked to Kozaki, well known Tokyo them to America and give them stand; there were sixty-seven. pastor, is editor-in-chief. Suffia fresh start in life, has not been Sixteen had been Christians for cient printed matter is given to available. To date, the available fifty years or more. One of our explain and arouse interest in funds are not more than $20,000. churchmen was baptized fifty- various presentations of Chris- With $25,000 in hand it would six years ago. Bishop Naide, tianity at work in the world. be possible to charter a steamer the Bishop of Osaka, was bap- The first issue was of 25,000 and get the refugees out of the tized forty-five years ago. copies, 8 pages, and we are told danger zone, and thus give the it is to be monthly at an annual relief agencies time to raise the Protestant Christian Forces subscription rate of 25 cents, rest of the money, $150,000, es- special rates on quantity orders timated needed. Rev. Hiroshi Hatanaka in his for evangelistic purposes. address at the Congregational The agencies now at work meeting in Seattle gave some in- The New Korean are: the International Red teresting statistics concerning Cross, the Nansen Refugee Com- the Protestant Christian forces "Devotion, patience, sanitamission, the Central Bureau for at work in education and in tion, trust and hope are now the Relief of the E van gel i c a I church activities. There are 12 custom of the Koreans in con- Churches of Europe, the Ameri- Christian universities and col- trast to the utter waste of rice can Mennonite Central Relief leges for men; 11 for women; 18 and other products, disease, Committee, the Canadian Men- boys' high schools with 10,124 starvation of the days prior to nonite Relief Committee, the pupils, 36 girls' high schools the coming of the missionary. Lutheran World Convention and with 14,317 students; there are They are noted tithers, devoting the American Friends Service 2,000 teachers in these schools. daily the tenth of the rice for Committee. Christian kindergartens number the average day's meals. This 257 with 12,045 children. practice has installed in the The Chinese aut h 0 r i tie s Korean a desire to save; he is bethreatened to deport the Harbin Among government and other coming thrifty, industrious, law refugees back into Russia unless universities and colleges 144 abiding, and a real help in the measures were taken to get them have student Christian organiza- support of the church." away. Not only are the refugees tions. There are 116 institutions greatly in the way in the already for Christian social welfare -Mrs. Wm. B. Dickson in The much overcrowded city, but they work, and over 200 Christian pe- Presbyterian Advance. are embarrassing China's trade riodicals are published. The relations with the Soviet govern- number of Protestant churches Sowing by the Wayside ment, which looks with disfavor is 1,760; the number of Proteson this harboring of its "crim- tant Christians is 170,303; the Recently I he a r d from a inals" by a friendly power. total contributions for the year Korean pastor the following Through the good offices of the 1929 were Y2,402,100. story. When Rev. George Winn Chinese delegate to the League first came to Chosen he was of Nations, an extension of time -Missionary Herald. located at Fusan. He was going beyond the date originally set alonga high mountain trail when for deportation-October first- A Christian Business Man Christian circles in Japan are thankful for the return of a man

OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

he came upon an elderly Korean The boy said: "I believe in members to read the Scriptures. man carrying a load of wood. God, Tooan." Among the Moros, where Dr. Mr. Winn being a strong young Frank Laubach has introduced man, offered to carry the load. "Is that all?" asked the officer. a new simple method of learning The man finally yielded to this to read, six thousand of these strange request from this the "Oh, no!" said the boy. "I people have become literate strange foreigner. Mr. Winn believe in Jesus, God's Son, the within the past year. In five carried the load until he reached one who says, 'Come unto me!' years it is hoped to make this the place where the ways parted. I used to believe in Dyak idols entire non-Christian province Here he returned the load to the and spirits. Many offerings of one hundred per cent literate. man, who thanked him for the food we gave to the idols, and This will open the Bible to the help he had given. Mr. Winn often stuffed rice and tobacco in children of Islam. The Daily told him that that was nothing, the dead skulls which used to Vacation Bible School has been taking the opportunity to add hang in our home. But now we extended in at least one province that the man had a much greater all believe in the living God, and to include removing what is perburden of sin which Jesus had we have Bible pictures in our haps the greatest barrier to efcome to bear for him if he would home, and a kitab (a Bible)." fective molding of child life by but let him. The two men converting ignorant parents into parted. Unevangelized Tribes Mission allies, rather than opponents of of Borneo, (1287 Spring St., Christianity. Some years later at a Bible Muskegon, Michigan). class for men, a Korean told this -Philippine Presbyterian. story ending by saying, "I am Surprises in Formosa that man. I accepted Jesus as Tahiti Christians my Saviour, and have always Rev. E. H. Edwards quotes wished to thank the man who from a letter written by an Eng- Most of the Tahitians have reintroduced me to the great Bur- lish Presbyterian missionary in mained loyal to their Protestant den Bearer, but as all foreigners Formosa. teaching, largely owing to their look alike to me I do not know knowledge of the Bible, and skill which of the missionary teachers God is always surprising us with in using it. In the Society here may be that man." Roscoe new signs that He is working. One Islands alone are found 20,000 C. Coen. new thing is to stir us up to make a Protestants, 4,000 of whom are start in carrying the Gospel to the communicants. In the Mar- THE PACIFIC ISLANDS savages of this island. The revolt of quesas Islands there are about 1,500 savages in November of last 1,500 Roman Catholics and 500 Light in Borneo Darkness year, when they massacred over 120 Mormons. In the Paumotu Japanese and others, has made us feel Islands there are perhaps 4,000 At the mission station all is that we must take the Gospel to them Roman Catholics and 1,500 Morquiet except at the boys' hut and without further delay. We have writ- mons. the millions of forest insects ten home urging our Society to praising the Lord in the only enable us to begin work at once, and We were taken to see the way they know. Somewhere not they seem determined to do it. fine self-supporting s c h 0 0 I s far off there is a roadside meet- where 300 girls (45 being boarding on the highways and byways Formosa, opposite the Prov- ers) and 250 boys (27 boarders) where the news of salvation ince of Fukien, formed a part of are given a general education in must be brought. After work- the Chinese Empire until 1895, French. A seminary with 9 stuing on the roads and bridges all when it was ceded to Japan. dents is entirely supported by day the Dyaks rest in temporary Christian missions began there the churches. shanties at night. They gladly about 1858. leave their rice pots to gather There are 22 churches and 13 around the evangelist to hear of Teaching Filipinos to Read pastors on the Islands of Tahiti Jesus and his love to them. Now and Moorea alone. Indeed, all we hear the distant sound of The problem of making the the activities of the mission, heathen worship penetrating Philippines measurably literate whether in church, school or the air. Somewhere is a sick has been the subject of much press, are self-supporting and one, a native priest bending over concern by educational and po- are willingly sustained by the the suffering one with charms, litical leaders. In spite of the Tahitian Christians. We cannot dancing and offering gifts and excellent public school system but admire the sterling charcalling to the evil spirits to have and the good intentions of gov- acter and perseverance of those mercy, to leave the body of the ernment leaders, approximately descendants of the Hugenots, suffering one. fifty per cent of.the population who carryon so well the fine remains illiterate, and the same work whose foundations were Not so long ago a district of- proportion of the children of laid broad and deep by the ficer of West Borneo, who is a school age have no school privi- L. M. S. believer, asked a mission boy: leges. The great need is for an incentive both to learn and to Alexander M. Allan, of "Little Dyak boy, what do you teach. This phase of the mis- Bogota, Colombia. believe?" sionary problem requires the co- operation of native workers. The strength of the Church de- pends upon the ability of its

Interesting Movements In Japan QUOTED FROM THE Japan Christian Quarterly The Crisis Before the Church turned the world upside down." Religious Freedom and Shrines One of the disturbing features If the Christian church were to When Shinto was declared to of the present situation is that stand fearlessly in deed as well be non-religious, there were Japan is looking to Christianity as word for love as the basic many who realized that tradifor a lead and such a lead is not principle of society, she need not tions are not so easily abolished forthcoming. The failure of the worry about her influence on by government decree; but they much heralded anti-religious public opinion. It is in this fact hoped that in process of time movement is evidence that the more than anything else that the and by a gradual purging of its nation as such is not disposed secret of Dr. Kagawa's influence religious elements the day would towards a material basis for so- with the masses lies. come when every loyal Japanese ciety, despite the advance of The second reason for the could become a State Shintoist, Communism. Why then is Com- progress of Communism is that whatever his religious faith. munism making such rapid it has never hesitated to demand But old traditions are carried on progress while the Christian sacrifices of its followers. All to new shrines. Church is almost standing still? along it has had to fight for its One of these State Shrines, Last year, the first year of the existence. The result is that the which ministers to a large area men in the universities and the Kingdom of God Movement, the labor world, who have been cap- not far from Tokyo,· is of pre- Protestant churches increased tured by it are not the "duds," fectural rank. In front of the but the best. Many of them are priests' offices were rows of by under 8,000 while the popu- boxes containing charms of lation grew by over 800,000. There are two main reasons. of the stuff of which heroes are every description, for warding In the first place Communism made; they have faced torture off disease, for protection from has before it definite ideals for and martyrdom for their cause. fire and mad dogs, for help in the uplift of society. It is here On the other hand, now that child-birth, for success in busithat the Christian churches as Christianity enjoys on the whole ness, even for driving away such are still relatively weak. the good-will of the authorities rats! In the background was a We need a world view of life, a and the Church itself is estab- pile of boxes ready to be re- Christianity formulated and lished, it is tending to get more turned by post, each with its lived for the world of today. comfortable, certainly in the charm inside renewed by a re- In the fight against certain so- bigger cities. As a result of the ligious ceremony for another cial evils, Christians have taken desire for financial independ- year. Pilgrims presented their the lead, but in enunciating posi- ence, it is composed largely of charm for renewal and paid tive principles for the recon- members of the bourgeoisie, in- their fee. The priest made a stead of being the church of all. note of their names and then struction of society, as the In general it pays its pastors a made his way to the main shrine Soviets have done, we have piteously low stipend, but it is to offer his prayers on their belagged behind. Christ's message demanding finer buildings; it is half. As he drew near he beat of the Kingdom is not given the increasingly particular about a big drum to warn the spirits of emphasis today that He gave it. the quality of the music and the his approach. Then kneeling Lord Shaftsbury "never thought training if not the message of down before the emblems of that the rich had fulfilled their its clergy. There is less of the .their presence, he recited rapidduty to the poor when they had given them a cheap copy of the heroic in its appeal. ly a list of names, punctuated by Bible and a few improving Peace has its perils no less deep in-drawn breaths and bows.

tracts. He set to work to try than war; where there is no op- Then came another beating of a and put destitute men and wo- position a church tends to get small drum at his side and the men on their feet." soft and to pay too much atten- rapid recitation of a Shinto It may be argued that the tion to secondary things. The prayer; more beating of the smallness of the church prevents emphasis is on self-preservation, drums, more bows, and the cere- it having the influence on public a thing which is essentially un- mony was over. The pilgrims opinion that it should. The Com- Christian. We do well to take returned with their charm made munist Movement in Japan to heart the words of Mr. effective for another year.

started from a very small begin- Stanley Baldwin: "the Church Primitive this may be, but it is ning; Lord Shaftsbury had to is much more likely to fail in religious nevertheless both in in- fight much of his battle single- the long run because it demands tention and in form.

handed; it was a very small too little of its members than The Christian forces cannot body of whom the complaint because it demands too much of regard such things with indiffer- was made that they "have human nature." ence.

'~I==================="""""",,"I~

Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~=I====================~~ Russia in the Grip of Bolshevism. By activity and numbers, the blows governing their daily lives." J.ohn Johnson. 12 mo. 160 pp. $1.50. of late have fallen on them un- The low economic state result- Revell. New York. 1931. sparingly, some aimed at them ing from the enormous taxation specifically. Their leaders "are of their productive powers is Here is a direct, simple, al- deprived of citizenship, the right perhaps the least of the adversimost naive narrative of a to vote, the right to have cards ties. The atmosphere is thick journey into the domain of Com- for bread and other commodi- with dreads and betrayals. If munism made in 1930 by John ties; they are despised, mocked, this is true for the rulers, what Johnson, Secretary of the All- persecuted in every conceivable of the suspected, the feared and Russian Evangelical Union. His way, exiled. Their wives and the hunted? undertaking was in the nature children suffer indignities day of a religious inquiry and mis- and night." Even the apostles of communism sion. The objective was ob- themselves suffer, although they may tained to the extent of having An optimistic view is taken neither realize nor admit what is a twenty-eight days within the of the ultimate outcome of the proven, self-evident fact. These lead- Soviet Union and employing the war on religion. The author de- ers of socialistic idealism live in a time assiduously with individual clares that only a small minority constant atmosphere of suspicion and and group contacts that afforded of believers have given way un- fear. There is, for example, the fear real insight into certain areas of der the pressures. The others of being overthrown; the fear of collife, limited by the authorities are prospering spiritually. The lapse of the five-year program; the who restricted his movements to personal experiences of the fear, based on tangible proof, that all Leningrad and Moscow, apart writer changed his opinion as to the rest of the world is against them. from the route from and back to the extent of the atheist achieve- These and other contributory factors, the Polish border. ments. He concludes "that not- render the lives of the Soviet leaders withstanding the atheistic mock- one long torment of dread and suspi- The chief and very consider- ery, threats, and persecution cion. able value of the account is its leveled against them, ninety-five contribution of authentic infor- per cent of the Russian people At the other pole of suffering mation concerning the fortunes are still deeply religious, still are the Lishentzi or "Deprived," of that growing body of evan- believe in God, while millions of to whose plight a chapter is degelical Christians with whom them continue to accept and con- voted. the author is in fellowship. In fess Jesus Christ as Master and this field of observation he is Lord." The interesting com- The defects of the book are in most at home and was positioned ment is added that the accom- the spots where the author gets to receive people's confidences, plishments of atheism in Russia away from the fields of personal something rare there as it is are compulsory and not an ex- observation. Twice there is refnecessary. pression of the will of the peo- erence to Soviet law against the ple. A strong appeal is lodged attendance on religious meetings The book presents the in- for sympathy, prayers and mate- of persons under eighteen years dubitable facts of the wide bitter rial help toward Russian Chris- of age. Such attendance is not oppressions, reprisals and per- tians on the part of those out- illegal unless the meeting has secutions directed against all side. the character of a school of re- Christian communions and J ew- ligious instruction. The penalish and Moslem religions alike. The most poignant portrayal ties that are visited on the young There is a chapter on the re- in the book is that on "Strug- for engaging in religious worligious laws of the Soviet. These gling and 'Suffering Russia." It ship and activities are visited alone reveal the effort to com- outside the law by economic, sopletely hedge in the programs is an open window looking in on cial and educational discriminaand practices by which religions tions. Two other errors of fact the subtler but more painful as- appear in the pages that treat live. of the Russian Orthodox Church. pects of "class war" in a human It is not true that "For long cen- At the onset of the anti-re- turies the people of Russia were ligious forces the evangelicals society. The angle of observa- deprived of the privilege of ownwere measurably spared from ing, reading, and studying the attack because regarded of less tion is that of one "who, under- Bible." Neither were the clergy political weight and motivation, on the whole lavishly financed. but with their rapid growth in standing the Russian language The grandeur here alluded to and the Russian people, can enter into the actual conditions [61 ]

did not extend far beyond the lish social justice for the work- final word is "I am ever increashierarchy, while thousands of ers. They are making many mis- ingly persuaded that, whether in the village priests were notori- takes for which they will suffer, sickness or in health, life or ously ill kept. Also no place is but experience will teach them death, we may trust our Heavenleft for the multitude of Ortho- many lessons. It is to be hoped ly Father." This volume is one dox Christian lives in the sweep- that other countries and those of the best on the subject from .ing statement "The Russian peo- who do not believe in Commun- a Christian point of view. ple, together with their rulers ism will also learn lessons from and priesthood, walked the path- Russia's experiment. Mr. Lipp- Youth in a Believing World. Pupils' ways of wickedness and destruc- hard's clear and interesting re- Edition. By John Clark Archer. 8 vo. 166 pp. $1.00. Suggestions to tion." Obviously the misrepre- port helps us to understand the Leaders, 25 cents. Westminster sentations have not arisen from situation and to appraise the Press. Philadelphia. 1931.

malice for elsewhere respect for strength and weaknesses in the These studies in living relig- Orthodox Christians is shown experiment. ions are prepared as a senior and real concern for them under elective by a Christian professor the hardships that the present The Leadership of the Constructive at Yale University. After an inregime imposes, and heartily en- Forces of the World. By John R. troductory chapter on the nature couraging is the testimony borne Mott. 8 vo. 30 pp. Oxford Uni- and origin of religion, Professor to increasing good will between versity Press. London. 1931. Archer takes up in succession the Protestant and the old Ani m ism, Confucianism (not Leadership is the most impor- tant and vital factor in solving Church congregations in the the problems of the world. Given strictly a religion), Hinduism, communities visited. the right leaders, then money, Buddhism, Islam and Christian- programs and policies are com- ity. The treatment of these non- ETHAN T. COLTON. paratively simple problems. Dr. Christian religions is interesting Mott is a leader and has had and shows their best side, but in Communing with Communism. By wide experience in selecting and many cases the author neglects William B. Lipphard. Illus. 12 mo. judging leaders for worthwhile to point out the weaknesses and 153 pp. $1.59. Judson Press. Phila- tasks. In this lecture, delivered failures 0 f s u c h religions as delphia. 1931. at the University of St. Andrew, Buddhism, Islam and Hinduism. he sounds the call for wise and The treatment of Christianity is Views of Russia are kaleido- devoted leaders in the present dogmatic in its statements rather scopic. Reports of travelers and crisis; he describes the needed than attempting to give clear correspondents vary from whole- qualities of leadership; he tells sale condemnation to general how leaders may be developed, evidence for faith in Christ and commendation. Mr. Lipphard, a and, above all, he exalts Christ His teachings. To i n qui r i n g secretary of the American Bap- as the great Leader and Teacher minds the studies seem to raise tist Foreign Mission Society, vis- whom all should follow who seek more questions than they anited Soviet Russia in 1930 and abiding victory. swer. In the hands of a wise here records his honest impres- Christian teacher they will be sions. He endeavors to be un- Miraculous Healing. By Henry W. prejudiced, fair and candid; and effective. we believe that he succeeds bet- ter than many who have written Frost. 12 mo. 174 pp. $1.50. Wheat Magic. Aldo O. Dexter, Adah on the subject. The book is a Richard R. Smith. New York. 1931. L. Kieffer and Margueritte H. Bro.

readable, illuminating report. Christians differ widely in 12 mo. 138 pp. $1.00 cloth, 75 cents paper. Friendship Press. New Russia is a land of paradoxes. their belief in present-day "mi- York. 1931. The government allows her own raculous healing." There are people to starve while millions those who accept the fact of such These very well told stories, of bushels of wheat are shipped healing in apostolic days, but with a meaning, are worth read- abroad; the Soviets rebel against believe that modern medical sci- ing and will prove especially in- bourgeois autocracy while they ence has removed the necessity. teresting to junior boys and establish a dictatorship of the Others believe in "faith healing" girls. They relate to rural life proletariat and practice oppres- to the extent of refusing all med- in many lands-China, Japan, sion that is more despotic than icine; others still deny all heal- Korea, Paraguay, Africa and the rule of the Czar. Russia is ing, past or present, which is not Burma. The second part of the the citadel of Communism and traceable to natural causes. Dr. book suggests practical and at- the aim of the Third Interna- Frost has given us a devout, tractive methods for studying tional is to create disorder in all well-balanced and practical study the rural life and problems of so-called "capitalistic countries." of the subject. He shows the these peopie with the use of the There is a propaganda against teachings of Scripture and the stories and with suggestions for all religion and the leaders j us- conclusions of sane experience. prayer, Scripture, songs, discus- tify any course that will pro- He believes in Divine healing- sions, hand work and other ac- mote the cause of Communism. both with and without the use of tivities. Teachers 0 f j un i 0 r But Russia is earnestly making ordinary means-but he clearly groups will find this study book a great experiment and is aim- warns against false and foolish informing, stimulating and in- ing at a definite goal-to estab- teachings and practice. The teresting to children. Moreover, it is wholly Christian in tone, in for society. There is no such publishing its findings, and enmethod of approach and pur- deavoring to persuade governpose. Read one story and you "Good News" in any other re- ments to control the traffic. The will read others. report also shows widespread ligion or philosophy. Christ is effort, through pamphlets and How Big Is Your World? By John L. schools, to make known the Lobinger. 8 vo. Leaders' Book. unique, sufficient and supreme. harmful effects of opium smok- 75 pp. 85 cents. Students' Book. ing. 70 pp. 60 cents. Pilgrim Press. Altogether this is an excellent Boston. 1931. New Books book. S. M. Z. These studies or projects are Bells of India. Ethel Cody Higginfor young people of high school The Pilgrim Church: Being some ac- bottom. 172 pp. $1.50. Revell. age. The purpose is to enlarge count of the continuance through New York. 1931. their vision and give them an succeeding centuries of churches understanding interest in other practising the principles taught and Dr. Barnardo-The Friend of Chillands and races. The leaders' exemplified in the New Testament. dren. Wesley Bready. 271 pp. book provides suggestions for By E. H. Broadbent. 406 pp. 7s., Revell. New York. 1931. arousing i n t ere s t, directing 6d. Pickering and Inglis. London. study, and recommends sources 1931. The Clinic of a Clerk. W. A. Camof further reading. The stu- eron. 249 pp. $2. Ray Long and dents' book gives general plans Many books reprinted by these R. Smith. New York. 1931. and recommends activities. Most publishers are worth reading. of the pages present source ma- The sub-title of this volume gives The End of Extraterritoriality in terial. The studies are calculated an idea of its general character. China. Thomas F. Millard. 278 pp. to awaken interest rather than In seventeen chapters the author A. B. C. Press. Shanghai. 1931. lead to any definite convictions. sketches the history, teaching This responsibility rests upon and ,influence of such groups as The Friendly Farmers. Gertrude the group leader. the Paulicians and Bogomils, the Chandler Warner and Elizabeth Waldenses and Albigenses, the Harris. 154 pp. $1 cloth, 75 cents Good News. By C. V. Sheatsley, D.D. Lollards, Hussites and United paper. Friendship Press. New 156 pp. $1. The Book Concern. Brethren, before the Reforma- York. 1931. Columbus, Ohio. 1931. tion. Then follows an account of the Anabaptists, the Huguenots, The Moral Crisis in Christianity. Conservative in its theology, the Pietists of Germany, the Justin Wroe Nixon. 1979 pp. $2. timely in its message, and earn- Methodists, Men non i t e sand Harpers. New York. 1931. est in its spirit, this little volume other sects in Russia. The last is a plea for the spreading of the three chapters, on Mr. Groves, On the Edge of the Primeval Forest. Gospel of Jesus Christ among all the Plymouth Brethren and Dar- Albert Schweitzer. 176 pp. $2. classes at home and abroad. It byism, with "conclusions," are Macmillan. New York. 1931. deals with the Gospel as good not as convincing nor as well news, with its language, its con- documented as the earlier chap- The Progress of Worldwide Missions. tent, and appeals for the release ters. An excellent bibliography Robert H. Glover. 418 pp. Ray of this matchless message by and notes give credit to the Long and R. Smith. New York. messengers released from fear, sources upon which the author from sin and from narrow pro- has drawn. His sympathies are Russia in the Grip of Bolshevism. vincialism. with "The Pi I g rim Church" John Johnson. 160 pp. $1.50. rather than with the Holy Cath- Revell. New York. 1931. The author believes in "the olic Church as defined in the liquidation of denominational- creeds of Christendom. Religion Follows the Frontier-A Hisism." We need not all think tory of the Disciples of Christ. alike, but the essentials of our S.M.Z. Winifred Ernest Garrison. 317 pp. message are not in dispute and $2.50. Harpers. New York. 1931. the world will be convinced by Commission of Enquiry into the Cona united testimony. Overlapping trol of Opium Smoking in the Far The Spirit of Piney Woods. Lawrence and jealousy for a church group East. Vol. II. 595 pp. $1.50. C. Jones. $1. Revell. New York. are sins. The emphasis should World Peace Foundation. Boston. 1931. not be first of all on character- 1931. b u i I din g, but on conversion. Wheat Magic. Aldo O. Dexter, Adah There is no real conflict with This exhaustive report of the L. Kieffer and Margueritte H. Bro. science, for spiritual re-creation production, distribution and con- 138 pp. $1 cloth, 75 cents paper. is a greater mystery than physi- trol of opium reveals the serious- Friendship Press. New York. 1931. ness of the situation in Burma, cal creation, and is in a higher Malaysia, the Philippines, For- Why Christian Missions. J. O. Dobrealm. The Gospel of Christ has m 0 s a and foreign – controlled son, 64 pp. Is. Student Christian dynamic for the individual and China. The extent of the evil is Movement Press. London. 1931. very disturbing and the difficul- ties of control are many; it is Young People's Hymnal-For Use in exceedingly encouraging, how- Sunday Schools, Bible Classes and ever, that the League of Nations the Home. Paper cover, words 3d., is making such a careful study, music 3s. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- don. 1931.

Personal Items has been elected President of Wash- Church. For many years he was mis- ington and Jefferson College, Pennsyl- sionary under the auspices of its Dr. John R. Mott has retired from vania. He is an alumnus of Lafayette Woman's Board of Domestic Missions the general secretaryship of the Inter- College, studied theology at Princeton and conducted services for Japanese. national Committee of the Y. M. C. A., Theological Seminary, is an ordained a post which has given him oversight minister and has experience as an *** of the work in thirty-two foreign educator. The new President will aim countries. Frances S. Harmon, news- at scholarship and mental and moral Dr. Ida Kahn, a pioneer Chinese paper publisher of Hattiesburg, Mis- discipline and spiritual ideals. woman in medicine, died in China, acsissippi, has been asked to accept the cording to cable received November office. Obituary Notes 9th by the Woman's Foreign Mission- ary Society of the Methodist Church. The Rev. Dr.'"Ro'"wla'"nd V. Bingham, The Rev. J. W. Vinson, Southern Presbyterian missionary, met death Sixty years ago a sixth daughter General Director of the Sudan Interior Nov. 4 at the hands of Chinese ban- was born in a Chinese home in Kiang- Mission, has recently returned from dits. Mr. Vinson and 300 others were si Province. The baby's horoscope was Great Britain where he spoke in vari- carried off after looting and firing the evil, and the outlook for her was dark ous centers on behalf of the Mission. town of Yanggaigi. indeed, for under such circumstances infanticide was not uncommon. But The Rev. Tho'"ma's" E*. Stevenson, for The daughter of a Chinese preacher two Methodist women from Kiukiang who escaped in the confusion told mis- school appeared on the scene, and one 12 years pastor at Burbank, Calif., has sionaries at Haichow that bandits of them, Miss Gertrude Howe, adopted accepted a call from the Interdenom- pointed rifles at Mr. Vinson and asked the child as her own. She educated inational Council of Los Angeles to him if he were afraid. "If you shoot her in mission schools and brought become the representative of the me I'll go straight to heaven, so I her to America in 1892 with another churches in the remarkable new city am unafraid," Mr. Vinson replied. A brilliant Chinese girl, Mary Stone. springing up on the desert in Nevada, bandit fired at his heart, and the min- Both girls graduated in medicine with known as Boulder City. Over 2,000 ister fell over dead. Later the body high honors at the University of Michmen are now located at Boulder City, was discovered by missionaries and igan. They returned to China, where with some women and children and buried in a tiny cemetery at Haichow they have amply fulfilled their early more are to follow. It will be a co- in the shadow of a Southern Presby- promise. After working together in operative interdenominational work. terian Mission. the Danforth Hospital in Kiukiang, Dr. Kahn responded to a call to Nan- *** *** chang, where the natives provided a The Rev. George K. Lee, former hospital for women and children, of Presbyterian missionary leader in The Rev. Edward Allen Sibley, one which she became the chief, the only China, has just given up the editor- of the pioneer missionaries of t.he trained physician in that populous ship of the Chinese daily morning Sun Protestant Episcopal Church in the city. There she has continued to work in San Francisco to become pastor of Philippine Islands, was killed in a mo- with increasing success and constantly the Chinese Presbyterian Church at tor accident at Tukukan, Philippine widening influence. She was not only Portland, Oregon. Islands on November 1st. Mr. Sibley a skillful doctor and hospital admin- went to the Philippines in 1908 to istrator, but a woman of broad and *** work in what was then the church's fine culture, Oriental and Occidental, newest and least known mission field. and withal a devoted Christian, never Dr. George W. Richards has been happier than in bearing testimonv to elected chairman of the Executive *** her Christian experience. Miss Howe Committee of the Federal Council. He spent her last years in the home of is also secretary of the Interdenom- Rev. Whitford L. McDowell, Re- Ida Kahn, the babe whom she had inational Conference of Theological search Secretary of the Board of rescued. Seminaries in United States and Home Missions and Church Extension Canada. of the Methodist Episcopal Church *** passed away on October 20th. He had *** been connected with the Board for fif- The Rev. Dr. William Martin Baird, Mrs. Ralph B. Kennard has accepted teen years. who has recently completed forty the chairmanship of the Women's years service as a Presbyterian mis- Council of the Federation of Churches *** sionary in Korea, died in Pyengyang Committee to undertake some special on November 29th. Dr. Baird was work in behalf of the foreign students The Rev. E. A. Ohori, a Christian born near Charlestown, Ind., 69 years in Washington, of which there are Japanese, who had been engaged in ago, was graduated from Hanover several hundred. missionary work in New York for the College, Ind., in 1885, and from Mc- Reformed Church in America since Cormick Theological Seminary in 1888. *** 1908, died on Nov. 9th. He was engaged in literary work and Prof. Ralph C. Hutchinson, a Pres- Bible translation and revision, as well byterian missionary, and Dean of the He came to the United States about as church activities. American College at Teheran, Persia, 1900, was graduated from the Theo- logical Seminary, New Brunswick, N. J., and was ordained in the Reformed THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD EDITORIAL COUNCIL REPRESENTS Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions Foreign Missions Conference of North America Council of Women for Home Missions Missionary Education Movement The Student Volunteer Movement Home Missions Council Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America Various Denominational and Independent Boards MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON REV. WM. R. KING, D.D. MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORN REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D.D. REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D. REV.F.C.STEPHENSON,M.D.

REV. ENOCH F. BELL, D.D. MRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY REV. JAY S. STOWELL FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR, D.D.

REV. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, D.D. REV. WM. P. SCHELL, D.D. FLORENCE G. TYLER REV. S. G. INMAN, D.D. REV. CHARLES H. SEARS, D.D. JESSE R. WILSON

Costs No More THE PRESBYTERIAN MAGAZINE The home land is

1505 R.ce Street, Phll.delphl•• P•• land where Christ is; the x…. • • • 01 your II•• ud .on.y 10 ..nd • y•.,. Ple.sf! send foreign land only that Ions silt ….n • caHI one-II.. lilt- which has rejected Him. $1.5.O00c to.' Only One Dollar N.me………………•………… -John R. Mott. Street………………………… . • • • bul ….Iy nothlns you .Ishl buy could City .nd St.tf! ………………….. . AN UNBROKEN brlnl your friend•• who .here your ….. In sood N.me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . RECORD worlh whll. r.edlns. .or. pl…ur.bl. .nd Strf!et………………………… . Pf9lltebl. houn Ih.n ••ndln, City .nd St.tf! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • N.me………………………… . The Presbyterian Magazine Street………………………… . No great American Mission Board City ond Stote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . has ever failed. 10 th.. ONCE A MONTH_praed your No person ever lost a dollar in· X… wl.h 01 heppln_ throush .U th. y••r. SENDER vested in annuities of an American N.me………………………… . Mission Board. Confidential Street . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . Millions of dollars invested in stocks, City .nd St.te . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . bonds and mortgages have been lost. • • • .nd durlns Ih… worrlso… d.ys It …y Why not profit by this bit of history? be your bud,. _lis only so muy doll… o PI e.se send cords. Reinvest your funds in annuity agree· beln. sp.nl on X…. sllts-th.n YOU ••y s.nd ments of the Methodist Mission the Mesuln. EIGHT MONTHS In…ed 01 Boc!rds. tw.ly•• for Annuities are not affected in any way by c!n increase or decrec!se in Only Fifty Cents missionary collections. Ample reserve funds guarantee all Can you Snd • b.H.. buy? payments.

$2 Worth For $11 For Inlor..ellon eddr…. MORRIS W. EHNES. Tre.surer. Bo.rd of THE BIBLE TODAY•• condensed. popul'!!1 pertinent f!v.ngelistic m.g.zlne. published by the N.tion.1 Bible Institute. 340 West 55d1 Street. New York. will be sent to Forei~n Missions of the M.thodist Episco- p.1 Church. 150 Fifth Avenue. N.w York. You .Rd • friend for W. J. ELLIOTT, Tr••sur.r. Bo.rd of Home Missions .nd Church Extension of the ONE YEAR FOR ONE DOLLAR Methodist Eplscopol Church. 1701 Arch (Regul.r subscription price $1.00 • yeor) Str••t. Phil.delphi•• P•.• or Special offer from November 15, 1931, to January is, 1932 START THE NEW YEAR RIGHT DON O. SHELTON. LL.D.• Editor Join thousc!nds of satisfied Somf! of the not.ble .rtlcles esped.lly written for THE BIBLE TODAY to be published during 1931.1932 readers of America's oldest periodical-The Missionary "How 10 Grow. Soul." by the REV. DR. JAMES BLACK. P.stor of Free St. Georges. Edinburgh. Herald. Old in name only "WhSoeftcotRhtele.pnBrdels.beln.toHti•v•e•M• W••.nslhIinnsMt2yn.lDIl. .C". and still reporting Mission by DR. JAMES S. MONTGOMERY. Chapl.in of the Housf! events from the cross-rollds of . the world. The official organ "Th. M.n Who Wenl loSe. Whet H. Could Se…. by MELVIN G. KYLE. president of the Xenl. of the American Board of Theologic.1 Semlnory. Commissioners for Foreign "I".sln. Ih. Blbl…. by AMOS R. WELLS. Honor.ry Editor of the "Chrlstl.n Ende.vor World:' Missions, presenting monthly the work abroad of the And Mor. lhea Forly Oth.r Insplrlns. F.lth·lIr.nalh.nlns M….s.s Congregational and Chrjstian Churches. A Special Combination Offer THE BIBLE TODAy ••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• S1.00 } Bolh 52.75 We invite requests for THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD …………………….. 2.50 Sey.75c sample copies or. your sub· scription at $1.00 per year. Addr… your ord.n 10 .lth.r ollc. THE MISSIONARY HERALD "Th. Bible Tod.y" "Th. Mls.lon.ry R.yl.w ollh. World" 14 Beacon Street 340 West 55th Street. New York. N. Y. 156 Fifth Avenue. New York. N. Y. Boston, Mass.

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THE KING'S BUSINESS (Th·:"Sv~·j~:n~·~:~·) WILLIAM P. WHITE, D.O., Editor PASTORSd·EACHERS. CHURCH .L.I Ih. R.ed.n Sp.ek for Th.msely•• wORKER5- "I u.e the H.lps elloa.lh.r In studylns my Sundey Look .t this porti.1 list of contents: School Lenon." Pr.senl.D.y FulSU..enl 01 Prophecy "II Is sound In doclrln••nd Is Sne In Ib .xposltlon World events In the Ilsht 01 Scripture. 01 d••p .plrltuel truth•." Crumbs Irom Ih. Klnl'. T.ble "Ib "'Icl.. on prophecy.,. Insplrlna In Ih••• Rich Bible truths by the editor. troublous lime•." Conlrlbuled Arllcl.s "W. Sad Ihel 'Th. Klns'. Bu.ln…' ….b Ih. By outst.ndin.s..Chrlstl.n le.ders. n••d. 01 the pr•••nl dey. W. cennol do Hem 10 Heerl With Our Youns R.ed.rs without II."

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The Missionary Review of the World — March 1931

H. W. MY)jJHS O~' KOBE, WHO LED '!'OYOHIKO KAGAWA TO

to Foreign Missions PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- Now ••• sions and have a needed income for yourself and others from the money you give by the 1/0" c"n Vi8it HONOLULU Annuity Gift Plan "nd 8till • •• This plan relieves you of uncertainty and worry caused by changing values of invested funds and assures you a fixed income of 4t% to 9% per year for the rest of your life A reserve fund of over $1.500.000 guarantees EMPRESS" the prompt payment of annuities to you. You need no longer choose between vis- Protect yourself against loss through iting Honolulu or traveling Empress. Em- unwise investments and at the same time press of Canada and the new 23-knot helP send the gospel to aU the world. Empress of Japan, the Pacific's'1ast-word- in-luxury" giantesses sail via Honolulu Foy full iwormatiou 'Write from Vancouver (rail-to-ship connections) Erneat F. Ho.lI~ Secr:etary~ Dept. of Annuitie. and Victoria. Los Angeles and San Fran- cisco passengers connect at Honolulu. On BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS tbe Speedway route are Empress of Asia, of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Empress of Russia,. favorite ~tcommuter'J' liners, direct express to Yokohama. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York AVOID THIS MISFORTUNE "I know of no one more deserving • • • DOl#) ··Empress~' l::.hln of sympathy than a woman with limited resources, without children to advise The Empress fleet, comprising the iargest, her, without business experience, sud- fastest liners on the Pacific, now offers denly left a widow and compelled to "Empress" Cabin. Travelers in the Mission settle an estate." field find spaciousness and comfort exactly suited to their desires. Expertly cheI'd cui- Who will be her advisor? sine., service ~~ of the Orient" are welcome Who will share her troubles and re- attentions. Community of interests in "Em- sponsibilities? press" Cabin makes them even more enjoy- Who will provide for her in case of able. Naturally, on all Empresses, First loss of principal? Class. Also "Tourist" and "Third."

This can all be avoided by investing Information. reservations from your I your savings in Annui~y Agreements Agent or Canadian Pacific. New York, Chicago, Montreal. and 32 other cities in of the Methodist Mission Boards. U. S. and Canada.

I For further illformation write: CANADIAN PACIFIC •. TO TO MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist ORi€nr Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y., or W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer. Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch St., Philadelphia Pa.

World's Oreatest Tra … el S .._te.

Please mention THB MISSIONARY RmVlllIW OF THE WORLD in writin2: to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY PERSONALS REVIEW OF THE WORLD MISS FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, who has been for some years the efficient secre- DELAVAN IJ. PIERSON, Editor tary of the Council of Women for Home Missions is retiring from this office May CONTENTS-March, 1931 1st. She has also rendered valuable service as editor of the Woman's Home Page Mission Bulletin of the REVIEW. The Home Mission cause will suffer for Miss l"RON'l'JSPIECE •…•. H. W. MYERS AND Quinlan's retirement from offil;ial re- sponsibility for the work but her active A JAPANESE A~TI-CnRISTIAN EDICT interest and service will continue.

1a1Vg,.J,ING CIIRJWr IN .TAPAN …••. _ .. .. * • • , • . . . • • .• …. TOYOHIKO I{AOAW A 16a DR. CHARLES R. WATSON, President of the American University at Cairo, 1I1ISSlOXARY HADllUS FOn INDIA .,. has been appointed by the Egyptian Gov- • ••••••…•..•. l!lLIZABETH G. LEWIS 169 ernment, a member of a special Com- sion on Education to work out a national 'l'IIE PLACE OE' HEAVENLY HEAL'l'H program of education. This represents ••…..•..•••….. AMY CARUICHAEL 172 an important change of policy in the Egyptian Government, to have a non- TJ-IE PRODIGAL SON AMONG RELI- official, especially a foreigner, appointed GIONS . . . . . . . . • BA",eEL 11. ZWEMER 1711 on any Government Commission.

DO PUEBLO INDIANS SPEAK JAP- ANESE? •.•.•… A. J. un MONTGOM:ffiRY DISCUSSION OF WORLD – WIDE 11IS- * SIONS AT ATLANTIC CITY •….. ••••••••••••••••• • GEORGE H. TRULL 183 THE REV. JAMES L. BARTON, D.D., has RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN HOME handed over to the government of Greece MISSION MOUNTAIN SCHOOLS .,. • ..•……… MRS. VERNER O. EARLY 187 the orphanage and,pavilion for tubercular WII~ ~ !.~':. .~:~~ .~H?S~?~~ ';i,;,vEi",,,,, 1ti1 children, which were the last of the in- 'rHREE CROSSIilR IN ANOOI,A •…..•• stitutions established and maintained in ••••••• ,,' •••••••.• JOHN '1'. rrUCKNR Hl3 IX THE DO)'lINICAN Rl<!PUBI,IC ….. that country by the Near East Relief. ~ IL • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Jj' . •TOlIXSO:-l lUil >- Few American philanthropies have had E:DIA D. CUSIUIAX 01,' KONIA ….. . a more remarkable development from •••••••.•••….••.••… ,V. '1' . 1;JL1.1S 1n7 small beginnings, a wiser and more con- A COLO~lBIAN ~'ItgETHINKER . . . . . . . • •••••••••••••• ALEXA~DER M. ALLAN 198 structive administration, and a more A PAs'rOll WITH A WORLD-WIDE MIN- satisfactory completion of their special ISTRY ………… ltOHERl' g. SPEhlR 200 responsibilities than the Near East Re- 'rOPICS OF THE THIES ………••••. 201 lief. It will go down in history as a CLOUDS WITH A SILVER LINUW magnificent demonstration of practical AFTER THE LONDON ROUND TABLE CO~­ goodwill.. .. * • ll~ERENCE-'VHAT ? SIR WILLIAM WANLESS, a retired mis- 'THE SEED BED O~' IIAPPI NESS sionary of the Presbyterian Board of For- eign Missions, who spent 39 years of METHODS ~'OR WORKERS ………. . active medical service in Miraj, india, is •••••• EDITED BY MRS. Jj….. I. JOHNHON 205 endeavoring to secure funds for a tuber- WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MIS- culosis sanitorium. The Bombay Christian Council, representing the Indian constit- SION BULLETIN •.•………….. 213 uency, and 30 missionary organizations in India, have decided to build Buch a WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK .•……….. 219 tuberculosis sanitorium in the Deccan de- BOOKS WORTH R1MDING …….•…. 235 signed to meet the needs of all sufferers TFJRMR.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of from this disease without regard to caste five.) Foreign postage, 50 cflnts. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, or creed. It is to be called the Wanless 1031, by ~.[ISSION'RY REVIEW I)C"ln.ISHI!~a COlI· Tuberculosis Sanitorium.

1".:-Y, l:.;c. All rights l'PsprYed.

THE MIS::;WNARY IUJVnJW PUBLISHING *** CO~lPAN¥, he. GEORGE SHERWOOD EDDY was recently lloRERT E. Rl>Fl~R, PrC-'~idcut guest of honor at a testimonial dinner "rILf,IAM 1. CHAllBERI~AfN, Vice-l't'esident tendered by the General Board of the National Council Young Men's Christian DELAVAN L. PIERSO);, Secretary Association, which he has served for 'WAL-fER ~IC})Ol'GALI•• ']'rcasurcr thirty-seven years. Dr. Eddy has re- tired as secretary for Asia but he an- Publication Office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, nounced that he would continue his evan- Pn. 25c n copy. $2.50 a year. gelical work.

Etlitorial nntI BUf.li1WRA Office, 150 Fifth AV(,Ilue, *** New York City DR. CHARLES S. MACFARLAND, for Entere.d as Rf'COllU-claAB matter at the Post twenty years Senior General Secretary Office, IInrriRhnTgo, Pn" llndf'f Aet of MaTrh 3, 1870. of the Federal Council of Churches of COME TO Christ in America was retired and is KENNEDY SCHOOL now Secretary Emeritus. OF MISSIONS .. .. * New missionary apartments add to THE REV. JASHWANT RAG CHITAMBAR, advantages of preparing at Hartford M.A., D.D., principal of Lucknow Chris- for world service. Affiliation of tian College, has been elected Bishop of College of Missions, Hartford Thethe Methodist Episcopal Church by the ological Seminary and School of Central Conference of Southern Asia. Religious Education. Exceptional library of 200,000 volumes. Large * * .. collections in Chinese and Arabic. Students from many lands. Courses MRS. HOWARD WAYNE SMITH, admin- in English Bible, Religious Educaistrative vice-president of the Woman's tion, Rural Evangelism. Degrees Baptist Foreign Mission Society, was M.A., S.T.M., Ph.D. Specially able elected president of the Federation of Chinese department. Catalog. Women's Boards of Foreign Missions at the recent annual meeting. Mrs. Smith E. W. CAPEN, Ph.D., Dean, Hartford, Connecticut has served for a number qf years on its executive committee. HARTFORD ** THE REV. HUGH VERNON WHITE, of Stockton, California, has accepted a call from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, to a secretaryship in its Home Department. Mr. White's work will be primarily along educational lines, interpreting the spirit of modern missions to the churches and the public.

OBITUARIES THE REV. DR. ROBERT S. DONALDSON, Seminary Foundation secretary for Promotion of the Presbyterian Board of National Missions, New RobbinsWolcottBarstow,D.D.,President York, died on Friday, February 6th, after six months' illness. He was fifty Church, resigning to go to California years old, having been born in Hastings, as president of Occidental College. Minnesota, in 1881. After Dr. Donaldson was graduated from Princeton and *** the McCormick Theological Seminary he was pastor of a church in Milwaukee and MRS. EMMA MOTT WHITTEMORE, who, then served as superintendent of Na- many years ago opened the first Door tional Missions in California. From of Hope for unfortunate girls, died at there he was called to New York to be- her home in New York on January 1st, come secretary of Promotion of the Na- at eighty years of age. More than sixty tional Board. homes, bearing the same name, have "peen' opened' in various parts of the * * .. world, including Shanghai, China. Mrs. Whittemore delighted in visiting these DR. THOMAS C. WINN, a member of homes, praying for them, and aiding Presbyterian Mission in Japan since them in other ways. 1877, died at Kanazawa on Sunday, February 8th. Dr. Winn was born in Flem- * .. .. ington, Georgia, and was graduated from Amherst in the Class of 1873 and from THE REV. DR. CHARLES NEWTON LATHthe Union Theological Seminary in 1877. ROP, Executive Secretary of the depart- A son, the Rev. George H. Winn, of ment of Christian Social Service of the Seoul, and a daughter, Mrs. Walter C. Protestant Episcopal Church, died at Erdman, of Pyeng Yang, are mission- San Francisco, where he attended a Dio· aries in Chosen. cesan Convention, January 30th.

** * DR. HENRY K*ING* CA*RROLL, religious DR. JOHN WILLIS BAER, 70 years old, statistician, died on January 21st, of banker, educator and prominent in the pneumonia, in North Plainfield, N. J. Dr. Presbyterian Church, died suddenly of Carroll, was 82 years old. He was the heart disease at Pasadena on February author of a number of books on religious 8th. He was born on a farm near Ro- subjects, and later years prepared anchester, Minnesota, the son of a Hunga· DUal statistics on all religious demoninarian immigrant. From 1890 to 1900 he tions in the United States. He was born traveled throughout the world organiz- in Dennisville, Cape May County, N. J., ing Christian Endeavor societies as gen- on Nov. 15, 1848, was graduated from eral secretary of the international or- Syracuse University and he served in ganization. From 1900 to 1906 he was the Civil War. From 1876 to 1898 he assistant secretary of the Board of Home Missions of the Presbyterian (Concluded on thil'd cover.) Plpfise mention THE :MISSION' ,RY REVIEW OF THE WORl,D in writinii to advertisers. Dr. Myers is holding an anti-ChristIan edict board, now in his possession, containing a notice posted in 'May, 1683. It reads in part: "".rhe Christian religion is strictly forbidden. Hewards of 500 pieCes of silver will be given those reporting suspected persons. Those concealing Christians wfll be severely punished"-Slgned, THE GO'ERXOR.

LIV, No.3 March,1931

THE MISSIONARY Of tae REVEALING CHRIST IN JAPAN* BY TOYOHIKO KAGAWA, Tokyo, Japan Chri8tian Ap08tle to the Slums; author of "Love. the Law of Life," etc.

I T IS a great privilege to give If a Christian missionary had testimony to Christ. To believe not come to Japan I would never in God and to know the love of have seen God. When I was fifteen God are two different things. Many I was a very lonesome boy, and people in Japan and in China be- lived a most sorrowful life. Many lieve in God, but they do not under- Americans and English people ask stand the love of God as revealed me why Christianity is needed in in Jesus Christ. That is a great Japan when we already have good revelation. religions. My very existence shows In the nineteenth century some the reason why.

scholars wanted to make Christi- I was brought up in a Buddhist anity very simple, but they overlooked the meaning of the Cross. family. My father was private sec- Harnack claimed that "there are retary to the Privy Council of the two kinds of Christianity, primary and secondary. The first is the Emperor, one of the high officials Christianity of Jesus, which is of the Government. He kept many merely the Fatherhood of God and concubines. His first wife had no the brotherhood of man. Secondary children. The second wife was a Christianity is Pauline, and con- dancing girl, and had many chilsists of Christ-idolatry." This Har- dren. I am one of them and was nack rejects, calling it Paul's Chris- adopted as a legitimate child. But tianity. Harnack wants to strip my father's first wife never loved off the meaning of the Cross, which me. I was taken to a cold ice-frozen Paul emphasizes. This is a great home where I wept day and night. mistake. There is only one Chris- If, later, I had not been able to find tianity, the Christianity crystal- God, I believe that I would have lized in the manifestation of God's been ruined. love on the Cross. The Cross is central to Christianity, because My father believed in Confucius. there the love of God is manifested. There was Buddhism also, and In Japan we are tired of doctrines, Shintoism, in my home, but no puribut we are hungry for the love re- ty. I was sent to a Buddhist temple vealed in the Cross. to memorize Confucian doctrines, but I was afraid to read those ~ddreS" to missionaries, Mokanshan, Ja- books because I thought that if I grew up I would probably follow pan, July 27, 1930. the steps of my father and brother.

165

"Be a saint! Be a gentleman!" might not have found Christ.

those books kept repeating. But Through Dr. Myers' kindness I there was neither saint nor gentle- learned to love and admire Christ.

man anywhere near me by whom When I suffered from tuberculosis, I might pattern my life. My broth- my Japanese friends did not love er brought home six or seven gei- me. They might catch it. There- sha girls at one time, and at eleven fore I had to live an isolated, sim- I had to go to school from what ple life. But Dr. Myers loved me seemed like a house in the licensed and slept with me three nights in quarter, though it was my uncle's the same bed, without any fear of own home. tuberculosis. Soon after that I went When the Spirit of God came in- into the slums of Kobe, and there to my life my eyes were opened. practised the love with which Dr.

When I memorized those simple Myers had loved me.

verses in Luke 12: 27-31, "Con- The translation, or manifesta- sider the lilies, how they grow," it tion, of Christianity, is not simply was inspiration to me! Through preaching. True love never fails.

Jesus Christ I found the Truth; I The love of Christ will win the found the life; I found the Way to world. I am not afraid of perse- become holy, to be godly. I found cution for such love is greater than that Christianity fills out and sup- persecution.

plements the teaching of Confucius Two hundred and fifty years ago and the teaching of Buddha. Hav- Francis Xavier came to Japan and ing studied all the systems of phi- through his influence five hundred losophy in the Orient and in the thousand became Christians. Then West, I have noticed that the teach- persecution came and lasted for ings of Confucius and of Buddha more than fifty years. The war are not founded on belief in God. lords thought that they could stamp Socrates and Plato never touch out Christianity, but when sixty God. Only Jesus Christ gives us the years ago the Emperor's govern- wonderful evidence of the love of ment declared religious freedom, God. And not only this but He twenty-five thousand Christians ap- taught us how to obtain the power peared around Nagasaki.

to practise. To some this is so fa- When Protestant Christian mismiliar that they forget the blessing. sionaries came to Japan seventy- For me it was a new experience. I one years ago they came from had passed through the valley of Shanghai, Dr. Guido F. Verbeck solitude. I was a son of tears. Now among them. It was a reactionary the sunshine is gleaming through period and there was persecution. the clouds. Therefore I began to The first thirteen Christians in Y0live up to the life of the Cross. kohama were afraid that they When I was twenty-two I went would be hanged. They had a to live in the slums, remaining prayer meeting, expecting to be there fourteen years and eight in heaven the next day. They said, months. It was not only the Bible "We shall be arrested. Weare sons which taught me the love of God of knights and we are ready to die in Christ, and led me to take this for the Cross." That night a mes- step. It was a missionary, Dr. H. senger came from Tokyo saying, W. Myers, of Kobe, who baptized "No persecution will come." But me. If he had not come to Japan I even to this day Christians are

1!J31] RI<:VEALING CHRIST IN JAPAN

persecuted in Japan, where Bud- To the Japanese newspapers it is dhism is strong. axiomatic that Christianity is com- mon sense. Daily papers with over But today the tide has changed. a million circulation publish arti- Hundreds give testimony that cles on Christianity every day with- Christians are the best citizens. out any hesitation. Although the Hara and Takahashi, two prime anti-Christian Soviet movement is ministers, have been Christians, strong in Japan, the idealistic and the wives of many cabinet Christian movement is stronger prime ministers have come from yet. Thousands of humble believ- Christian families. Many cabinet ers in the villages give testimony to the love of Christ. ministers, men at court, great educators, and great scientists in Ja- They also tell stories about the pan are Christians. The tide has love shown by the missionaries. changed.

'I'HE KAGAWA SElT'.rI,BAmN'l'. TOKYO-A CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION AND HOSTEL During the past two and one-half Recently, when Dr. Hail, of Wakayears I have been spending most of yama, died the Osaka Mainichi, a my time in preaching the Gospel of newspaper with a circulation of Christ to audiences numbering al- over a million, published his life together about six hundred thou- story. He had lived a most simple sand in various parts of Japan. life in Wakayama fifty years, and During this period I have received had refused to leave his post. Many decision cards from about forty great novelists and educators had thousand people. Not only do many been baptized by him. He lived on want to become Christians but Jap- Japanese food (which is worse anese Christians are supporting than Chinese food), and travelled their own churches. Though pov- through the mountains on foot. His erty-stricken and few in number, influence stilI remains. Many other the Japanese Christians raise two missionaries are doing wonderful million yen annually for Christian work. Everybody in Shinshu knows church work. Dr. Daniel Norman, of Nagano.

Governors of the province change, the time of the Roman Emperors, but Norman has· been there thirty but Christians were not afraid to years. They say that there are go down to the catacombs and pray three notable things in that Prov- there. When the bandits came from ince, and one of them is Norman! the north and crushed the Roman Everybody loves him. Many write Emperor, the Church remained. stories about him. One day a village boy saw him and said, "Here's "Love never faileth." The rea foreigner!" But another boy cor- ligion of Jesus Christ is not a surected him quickly: "No, he's not perstition. He belongs to eternity. a foreigner! He is Dr. Norman!" Only Jesus Christ and His Cross They have forgotten that he is a will win the Orient. Some may Canadian. The influence of his life think the Cross is a foolish thing is Christianity. In his district I but the time of victory will come. found thousands of young men who For Christianity to conquer the wante~ tQ. become Christians, be- Roman Empire took three cencause Norman is there. turies. It will take time to win Ja- pan openly to believe in Christ, and Do not 'be discouraged. If you many more centuries may be needinfluence only. afew in the villages, ed to win China. Let us be couraand love them in the spirit of the geous and give testimony to the Cross, you will succeed. Christian- love of God as revealed in Jesus ity suffered three hundred years in Christ and His death for us.

Dr. Kagawa ill front of his '."Two-lUat Palace," a six-fed square room where he Jived. for eixteen years in his effort to r~clflim for Chris.t the men, .women nnd c;hildrcll ?f the .K?be slums. He is now forty-two years of age and 18 a Jeader III the campaIgn to Wlll a IlllllJOll. Bouls to Christ In three years.

SADHVS FOR

BY ELIZABETH G. LEWIS, M.D., AMBALA CITY, PANJAB, INDIA Missionar}1 of th e P rc{J ',yt cdal1 Church, U. S, A., 1915- N OTHING SO surely attracts to drink, so India, searching for the attention of men and God, is unable to receive as true women in India, and holds the message of Christ the Saviour.

their interest as completely as that One reason is that the message which promises them a glimpse of comes in western dress. Mission God, or that promises to bring hospitals from the Occident are in- them nearer to the fulfillment of troduced and try to teach them the their desire to know God. We be- way of physical health. Mission lieve that this is true the world over. Even in materialistic Ameri- ca, a minister with a truly God- given message and the spirit of Jesus Christ, wins a large hearing; a drama showing God's love for humanity draws a full house and devotional books and the Bible are more in constant demand than any other book.

American men and women seem to be looking for an easy way of finding God, for though they rec- ognize Him as the Pearl of Great Price, few are willing to sell their motor cars, their good times, their energy and their leisure hours to obtain the Jewel. They may know the "Way" but they seek a more pleasing avenue of approach. RADHU SUNDAR SING II- AS HE WAS In India as the long procession of "holy men" file by, they seem, schools with western methods of of all men, most willing to pay any education drill them in Bible verses price for salvation. Their homes, and teach them to speak English.

their families, their physical com- Mission churches introduce hymns forts, their appetites appear to with foreign tunes and pews where have been laid on the altar of their they are asked to sit, church life desire to know God. But THE is organized by western methods. WAY they know not. Christian Many Indians have found God missionaries who have faith and through these agencies and Indian are actuated by a desire to pro- Christians are pushing forward to claim that Christ is the Way and the consciousness that the Gospel the only Way, find in India a great of Jesus Christ, ungarnished by yearning but a yearning that is western civilization and presented balked by a great ignorance and in an Indian manner makes a bigotry. Like the victim of lock- greater appeal to India.

jaw who, craving water, is unable We missionaries are asking for 169

a method of preaching the Gospel and prayer. That Christian Sadhu, that will prove more effective than Sundar Singh, used to walk through that used in the past. We realize the villages dressed in his simple how much time is given up to cleri- saffron robe which bespoke him a cal duties, to executive work, to man of God, preaching and teach- routine procedures – all good, all ing. He sat in his Ashram at Sa- seemingly necessary-but there is batu in the hills gathering in- Christ to be preached so that He quirers about him and was greatly will draw men to Himself. That loved by all Indians who knew him.

is most essential. A European, His influence still lives and mis- preaching in the bazaar attracts a sionaries may well learn a valuable crowd interested in his western lesson from him.

trousers, his coat and his big solar· It seems impractical for health topi. There is nothing about him and other reasons, for missionaries to suggest that he is speaking of from the west to adopt Indian the things of God and the Way of dress and manner of life as a habit.

Salvation. For all they know he Some have tried this and have may be talking politics, village up- found it unfruitful, but would it lift or a new educational system. not be well for them periodically Their holy m'en are distinguished to leave their routine duties in hos- from other men by dress and man- pital, school or district and, putting ner of living. They walk from on the simple, modest attire of a village to village. They talk un- Christian sadhu or sadhni, take hurriedly with men about their staff in hand and mingle with the holy books under trees, by river people, with the single unhurried sides or wherever quiet reigns. purpose of preaching Christ Jesus, They gather in retreats. They hide the divinely revealed Way, the themselves in solitude, They seek Truth and the Life ? We believe God in meditation and in separa- that Indian people would welcome tion from the world. This foreign them with a new understanding.

Sahib preaching in the bazaar, will They might be able to forget that stand talking for an hour or two these men and women are foreign, and then he will hurry away to his with strange ways, and might see western home to have dinner with them only as Christians with the his wife and children. He has no Way of Salvation in their hearts.

leisure to stop and chat with this There might thus be time for many one or that one who may have talks under the sacred pipal trees, questions to ask. Of course one along the roadside and at even in might seek him in his bungalow. the homes into which they had been If he happened to be in his daftar invited. Two or three weeks a he would be kind and courteous year spent in this way would, we and willing to give advice. But by believe, be fruitful of spiritual re- tomorrow the impulse to ask ques- suIts. Is it not worth the experi- tions may have faded and other ment?

matters will have absorbed the This way of working might not mind. be so easy for the missionary, of It is a temptation to every mis- course. There would be physical sionary to be busy and anxious discomforts from excessive heat, about many things, and to have absence fro m electric fans, and little time for the quiet t a I k s 0 m e chilly nights spent under

MISSIONARY SADHUS FOR INDIA

quilts far from clean. There might today is such that no one can surbe greater danger of disease from mise what tomorrow will bring. vermin, from mosquitoes, from im- India is rapidly coming to h a v e pure food. But would it not be a strong national conscience and worth while to put faith in God there will be radical changes in Who has promised to walk by our government. The Indian Chrisside and share the perils? tian Church has reached her ado- lescence and is claiming her adult The idea is not new. Some few power. There is an expressed demissionaries have gone out as sire to control the entire foreign Christian Sadhus and some are do- m iss ion work and one of the ing this very thing today. They points most stressed by Christian Indian leaders is that the foreign may have valuable advice to give. missionary should do more preach- But this plan has not been put into ing in the villages, unaided by paid practice to any large extent. There Indian workers. The Indians are is perhaps a feeling that those few idealists; and perhaps visualize an India brought to Christ by the who have tried it are a little fanat- power of the Word of God preached ical or not quite normal. It is by Christian Sadhus, Indian and worthy of consideration. Better foreign. The thought is an arrest~ and more productive methods in ing one. As one visualizes those mission work are being demanded millions of people, living in vilby the Church at home and by the lages, and pictures the coming of Christian Indians on the field. If a Christian Sadhu to preach, to every missionary would consecrate teach, to raise up a little group of even one or two weeks each year Christians, who will remain in the from his routine duties for this village and to volunteer Christian kind of service, a flood of Christian service while the Sadhu goes on teaching wit h a new dynamic to another and then another vilmight be poured over the land and lage, the mind races ahead to a fuwe believe that, with God's help, ture where India has indeed bethe new day for India, for which come Christian. we are all hoping and praying, would be hastened in its coming.

The political condition of India A Japanese student said: "The strange thing about Jesus is that one cannot get away from Him." There is something in Christ which pursues us, something in His teachings that will not let us alone; something that makes us feel ill at ease when we disobey His commands; that demands decision when we face Him. His religion is the simplest and at the same time the most difficult religion in the world. It is the simplest because it deals with the familiarities of life. It reveals the significance and the meaning of these experiences. It is the most difficult religion in the world because it asks us to attempt the hardest tasks. It challenges us to try the impossible. And because it is at the same time the simplest and the most difficult religion in the world that it is hard to escape Jesus. The simplicity of His religion commands our admiration; the difficulty challenges our discipleship.

BENJAMIN F. FARBER.

PLACE OF HEAVENLY HEALTH AT

THE PLACE OF HEAVENLY HEALTH BY AMY CARMICHAEL, Dohnavur, India Lord Jesus, of the wounded hand, It was months before we saw our way. The group of Hindus who And wounded foot, and side and owned the fields which were perfect brow, . for our purpose, asked a fancy price. Each owner had to be apo come in saving power, command . Thy great salvation now.

Lord Jesus of the wounded hand, proached separately. There were And love's long bitter agony, other difficulties. The inertia of centuries, the inevitable feuds of Healer of souls, the dead command village life, an unwillingness to To wake and live in Thee. have a force for Christ planted so This prayer is often sung in the near a Hindu village which refuses House of Prayer at Dohnavur to allow a Christian to live in its while an operation is going on in streets-and back of all, the devil, the little operating theater belong- who certainly does not want us ing to the home hospital. Some- there–these influences pulling totimes a group will stand outside gether made a strong combination. the room and sing quietly in Eng- But God is stronger than any comlish or Tamil or both. bine, and the matter ended thus: one by one those who had asked the On January 20, 1928, we, as a highest prices, or refused to sell at Fellowship, were pledged to step all, came to us, proposing a fair out into deep water in connection price. The man at the center alone with our medical work. Joshua 3: 15 was our word then. It is true held out, and again the word apstill that Jordan overflows its peared to be to dip our feet in the banks; it did so in the days that water, which meant just then, begin followed January 20th. And it is to build and trust our God to deal true that the feet of the priests with that one refusal. And He did. must be dipped into the water be- The man dropped suddenly to the fore it opens into a way. There is fair price we had offered at first, such a thing as going on without and the way cleared before us. But seeing how you are going to get greater than any call for faith anywhere, except to the river bot- about the land was that the word tom. came to buy the land before the 1'12 new work had its leader. Then, and all to reach. Was it because people not for the first time in this work, at home heard chiefly of the suc- we have proved the word is true, cess of the South, of crowds swept "For the web begun, God finds the into the visible church, of the vil- thread." When the feet of the lages clamouring for teachers? Was priests rest in the waters those it that they had not ever really un- waters are divided and it is possi- derstood that there is still in the ble to go on. Before the last field South a fort entirely shut against was bought we were shown how, us, and more than one such fort?

while we waited, God had worked. The castes who own the great tem- He had prepared for us one ready ples of the South are still Hindu to to use the material we had to offer: the core. These who are hardest to one who could "forge a team," and win for Christ are not being won.

lead it on. Nor have they the least desire to be On a beautiful evening some won. They are either antagonistic years ago a group of young chil- or indifferent. As we looked upon dren, and the sister of one of our the plain, now in shadow, and Fellowship, stood with me in a high thought of the pain that we knew place overlooking the plain. It was was there, hidden away in little sunset time'; the air was full of shut-up rooms in little shut-up golden lights, and the mountains to towns, and of the need of those the west were violet against rose. Christless hearts, the need of which As we looked over the plain, we they were so unaware, it was as if could see many clusters of trees, there came into our view a Place of each telling of a village; to east Healing, furnished with all that and south and north we saw temple was required for the help of the towers; behind one little conical people, and we saw the work of the hill lay a small Moslem fortress. place led on by one in whom were At that time no Gospel preach- the instincts and convictions and ing was allowed in the streets of the glad abandon of the spiritual that Mohammedan town. When we pioneer; and the long patience, for came to this part of the district the some of the things that we saw as Brahman streets of all the near we looked were new, and the new places were closed to Christians., needs infinite patience. The place We had won an entrance, but no was served by a company some- Christian lived in anyone of those thing like the early Franciscans in towns or ever had lived there, nor their happiness and love. They does one live there to this day. were lovers of their Lord and serv- Those Hardest To Reach ants of His sick; they loved one another fervently, and money had We thought of those people, so no power over them.

unapproachable, so unwilling to be Such a group may have been approached. We remembered the formed elsewhere; India is a great northern frontier of India, and word. But we knew nothing of it, how medical workers had opened and we had seen nothing anywhere doors shut to all others; and we except in the pages of our New wondered why in the South there Testament to give us hope that was no medical mission in this part such a thing could be. But it was of British India, specially bent on there, and so why should it not be reaching those who are hardest of here? That evening was not the

first time the hope of a Place of leaving it to our comrades who are Healing served in this way had in sympathy and give help, but in come. It had been forming slowly very deed we wait on God ourselves and surely. But that evening we and live the life of prayer.

put it into words, wrote it in our We need this life for our children log book, signed our names, and be- who are being prepared to be co- gan to watch and earnestly to work workers. From nurseries and towards this good thing. schools are coming girls and boys Years passed. "If the vision trained to do everything however menial, as India uses the word, for tarry, wait for it; it will surely love of their Lord Jesus. Our doccome, it will not tarry," was the word when, again and again, it was tors will carryon the new work in delayed. Now, at last we see the the spirit which has guided the old, fulfilment. It is here that we need "according to the pattern shown in the prayer of those who under- the Mount." And the pattern is stand. We need it for ourselves, that of the Indian family, where for if there is to be the continual the sons and daughters do not flow of the stream of healing en- measure their services by hours or ergies, for soul and for body, we by rupees, but each works for love must go on to learn much of the of the common purpose which holds deeper things of prayer. them together. Each member of such a family contributes accord- We read that our Lord left the ing to the gifts given, each gives crowds of sick, and went away to pray. When He returned, power for love's sake. None are high, none was with Him to heal. Again we are low, all are one in our Lord read of time taken from work for prayer, and then-"Power came Jesus. This pattern has been proved forth from Him, and healed them possible, though very difficult, and all." Are the twin forces of sin because it is so harmonious it is and pain and the depression that unbelievably happy in its out-workcan attack the spirit when hopes ing. But it is sharply assaulted, fall and are shattered, less awful and it demands much, yes all, of now than in those days? Is victory each one called and chosen to carry more easily accomplished? Do we .it into effect. So again we ask for need less than our Lord did, peri- prayer as we stand at the beginods of quiet, the withdrawal of ning of this new work. The devil spirit and of body, too, that there does not care how many hospitals may be time to touch the Invisible? we build, any more than he cares He who has set himself to seek the how many schools and colleges we face of his God in this way knows put up, if only he can pull our that there is nothing in the whole ideals down, and side-track us on of Christian experience more con- anything of any sort except the tested than just this-this purpose living of holy, loving, humble lives, of the heart, "Thy face, Lord, will and the bringing of men, women, I seek." But such prayer is our and children to know our Lord life. Jesus Christ, not only as Saviour Our Greatest Need but as Master and King.

We, His workers, need prayer If we refuse to be side-tracked, that we may not slip easily from we must be prepared to be often under the responsibility of prayer, shorthanded, for we shall have to

THE PLACE OF HEAVENLY HEALTH

look to our slowly growing-up boys Door of Health that we are using and girls for the greater part of for a pro tem hospital. They have our help. If it were not that the not the faintest desire to hear of Fellowship will gather round and our Lord Jesus. They have heard put even more than ever before in- of the religion of the Christians, to all that makes for the training "But who among us have followed of these to whom the doctors will that Way?" They have seen a few look for cooperation in the days to nominal Christians, and have not come, the work as they plan to do been attracted. They think that it, could not be done. they know all there is to know, Something has already been ac- and there are many layers of complished. By the help of our antagonism to penetrate before God we have been given the un- they can possibly be interested, purchasable gift of Truth. We can much less keen to hear of what they depend on our boys and girls and imagine they know all about. To men and women for sincerity and talk to them now, is like scatter- for loyalty. These great qualities ing seed on rock. Is there not need will be tested to the uttermnst for to pray for preparation for the pa- all the ways of bribery are familiar tients? If there is faithful prayer here, and it is impossible for the along this line may we not expect people to give them up till they to see prepared sick coming in, de- find such ways are useless. Our siring double healing? "Thou mak- nurses and orderlies and dispensers est the ground soft with showers."

. are continually being tested. Jewels And may we not expect conversions are offered, "And I will see to the even among Moslems and caste selling of them, and will ask only a Hindus? "Thou blessest the spring- small commission." Money, and ing thereof."

anything that can be turned into Let those who pray remember money is pressed upon them and that they are asking for something always, of course, secretely, with (to quote Judson in a similar con- the hope of obtaining thereby "first nection) "like getting the eye tooth quality medicine" or treatment of a live tiger." A true conversion better than could be had without from among those of whom we are this bribe. It is beginning to pene- specially thinking, is a tremendous trate that such ways are unknown thing to ask. There is no mass at Dohnavur, but we shall always movement among them to help. In need fortifying prayer. From the this part of South India a conver- first in our work there has been no sion among such people, that is a money lure, for in this sense we heart conversion, occurring with- have always been like Franciscans. out any attraction save the Cross But to begin is not to end. Pray for of Christ, is exceedingly rare.

our growing: children, that they The name given to our new hos- may choose Christ and His Cross, pital is Parama Suha Salai, Place with all of daily sacrifice and of of Heavenly (spiritual) Health.

sheer unearthly joy that such a Towards the fulfilment of the choke implies. prayer contained in th.at name We need prayer for the people every plan is bent, every purpose who will come for healing. There directed. This means that the work- is at the moment of writing a Brah- ers must have time for personal man family in the house called witness and prayer, and bed to bed

teaching. Noone will be paid to you can hear its bell rung hour by preach to the patients. Those who hour for a few moments quiet all minister to their bodily needs will over the place. The central hospital be the most likely to be able to building has a low prayer tower help them spiritually. We all recog- above the operating theater. There, nize this. The little children of the as here, we openly count very family will sing to them; this will greatly upon prayer. We see many be their happy share in the service. dreams come true, and our hearts "But this is heaven," said one old go out to our wonderful God in ad- patient as he lay in pain and weari- oration and thanksgiving. The ness though not too ill to be cheered drawing shows Dr. Murray Webb by the sight of colored lanterns and Peploe's general sketch of the oper- the sound of children singing. Won ating theater and Prayer Room.

by the sweetness of it all, he began A hospital compound with all the to listen, and we believe that he buildings required for doctors, turned in truth to our Lord. nurses, patients, and friends; for True Success proper sanitation and light and X-ray plant is a great undertaking The thought running through but with us is the Lord our God, everything that is being planned is and years of waiting upon Him lie personal work. What is called suc- behind this work. We must not cess goes down before that thought. lean back as if all were already ac- We are learning and must yet complished. It is only begun. Lead- learn to value what God most val- ing out from the Parama Suha ues, and what He values most we Salai there will be medical itinerat- learn at the Cross of Calvary. From ing work-the Lord opening the the first it has been recognized that way-and this needs prayer as the baptism of a Moslem or a caste much as the other. Such work is man or woman would probably new in this part of the country, and mean that the hospital would be if it be done for spiritual ends only, emptied temporarily. We are not and in spiritual ways, it will be lightly facing the battle which contested and hindered and if pos- awaits us. Failure as the world and sible ended almost before it has be- the Church too, calls it, may be gun. Therefore we ask for prayer written across Qur work. But the . for guidance, for opened towns and difficult not the easy, carries an ap- opened hearts, and, for ourselves, peal, and our Lord never asked us for the kind of love that is never for success as we see it, but for tired of loving.

obedience. In the end we know that What will this work of prayer there will be victory, for He must mean to those who pray?

reign. Every new work undertaken in The land on which the hospital obedience to a divine command, stands faces the mountains; only whether the work be that form of the rocky bed of a stream (dry ex- conflict with the powers of dark- cept after rain) runs between it ness that we call prayer, or wheth- and our compound, with its 400 er it be the action that follows, children, girls, boys, men and wom- leads sooner or later to a new de- en. From the open field where the mand on personal devotion to our hospital stands, you can see the Lord Jesus Christ, who asks of His tower of the House of Prayer, and la-vers, not part, but all. Mrs. C.

T. Studd's words are true: "The and dealt with as cases, but to feel evangelization of the world can at home, to watch, to thaw, to al- only be carried on by men and low those who take their names, women who are really warriors. and wash their bandages and dress Mission work ought to be carried their wounds to share with them on like warfare. During war all what the Lord Jesus Christ has know separation; and must be done and can do for them. Will separated from their children, and you continue to pray that God may parents from parents. The world send as our patients those who are is not evangelized to-day because spiritually hungry? He can do there is not the sacrifice it de- this, and has already begun to do mands." More and more it is borne it.

upon us that nothing adequate will 2. That our children may have ever be done in these lands till both in this work another vision of un- God's men and women at home and selfish service. (They have already we who are o-n the field learn more before their eyes the outpoured of what it means to bind the sacri- lives of those who care for them fice with cords even to the horns day in, day out, for no earthy re- of the altar. Is it not true that ward.) The hospital should be an many of us tie, as it were, our sac- Avenue of Gratitude along which rifice quite loosely to the altar, and they can go to meet their own peo- a very gentle pull is enough to un- ple of this land of India, showing loose it? to them the kindness and the love Father, forgive us~not so didst of God our Saviour. The determina- Thou give. Saviour, forgive us- tion to use our own home-forged not so was Thy giving. Bind the material for the staff, to train a sacrifice, 0 Jesus Christ, our great team to work just as all do through- High Priest-Thou who wast Thy- out the Fellowship, requires much self bound and pierced, and held time and guidance; for such a fast by Thy constraining love, bind tradition cannot be jerry-built, and the sacrifice with cords, lest we the material can hardly be import- fail Thee in the hour when Thou ed ready-made.

dost count upon us, not for part, 3. That God may be able to use but for all. the varying gifts of birth and race A Word From the Doctor to the caste-bound people round us, with whom the question of birth At what do we -feel that God counts far too much, and bars the would have us aim? way for many who could help them 1. That the Parama Suha Salai and makes them so difficult to may be, as its name implies, the reach.

Place of Heavenly Health where 4. That every member -of the people may find not only healing hospital team, whatever be their of the body but Him whom to know job, may have both the desire and is Life Eternal. That prayer may the time to do the evangelistic be the heart of the work, as the work, which is really just to make central prayer room in the low it the business of their life to share tower over the operating room the Good News with others.

would remind us. That this may 5. That the staff may be suffi- be a place where the people may cient to allow a team to be out in come not to be preached at, dosed, the district for part of the year.

2

The VlSlOn is that these raiding- ing Solomon's scheme for his lumparties should tackle a town or vil- ber gangs, would seem to be the lage' where there are openings ideal. This all means a bigger staff through grateful and friendly pa- and more facilities for training tients, visit the houses personally than would at first appear to be with literature, run a mobile dis- necessary.

pensary, feed in the serious cases As regards the plan of the Parawho are willing to come to the hos- ma Suha Salai we did very definitepital, follow up old patients, and ly ask for guidance from Him who perhaps get in touch with those gave the details of the Tabernacle and who is the Master Builder. who can rescue children. Three teams each doing two months in MURRAY WEBB PEPLOE, hospital and one month out, foIlow- The Elder Brother at the House of Health.

I recently returned from a large area sorely stricken for want of rain. Going from city to city and from town to town, I had ample opportunity to observe the effects of the drouth.

Water was daily conveyed in tank cars from distant places. Water had become a very precious thing.

When will the need of the Water of Life grip men's hearts?

When will the crying spiritual needs of men around the world arouse a church that has plenty, to share the Water of Life with every tribe and people? FRANCIS SHUNK DOWNS.

PRODIGAL SON AlVIONG

Abraham's Prayer for Ishmael BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Princeton, New Jersey I N BETHLEHEM, Pennsyl- the extent of its influence, the areas vania, it was my privilege re- overshadowed by its darkness, cently to worship with the saintly souls have again and again brethren of the Moravian Church. come back to that pathetic story of Their missionary history is well Ishmael, the exile. In a real sense, known, but perhaps it is not so Islam is the prodigal son among well known that in the Litany used the nonchristian religion,s. This every Sunday morning there is a faith arose six centuries after special prayer for the Kingdom of Christ and presents a problem es- God which includes the oldest mis- sentially different from that of sionary collect in the world. It goes Hinduism and Buddhism, and other back to Abraham, the Father of ethnic faiths. When Mohammed, the faithful [l.nd the friend of God, the prophet, turned his back on and sums up in one sentence His Jerusalem, toward which he first love for Ishmael, the prodigal son worshipped, and prayed toward of the Old Testament. Mecca, the great apostasy began.

The Litany reads as follows: The Religion of the Desert has car- o Lord, the hope of Israel, and the ried its id£as and ideals across the centuries and across the seven seas, desire of all nations: until now it dominates North Af~ Have mercy on Thy ancient covenant rica, Central and Western Asia, and has its adherents in every part people, deliver them from their blind- of the world..Surely in a sense that ness: o that Ishmael might live. before Thee; Abraham never imagined, Ishmael Prosper the endeavors of all Thy has become a great nation. Arabia, servants to spread Thy Gospel; next to Palestine, has become the mother of a spiritual world domin- Bless us and all other Christian con- ion. gregations gathered from among the heathen; The Dutch poet, Da Costa, who was of Jewish descent, gathered Keep them as the apple of Thine together in his great epic, "Hagar," eye: some of the promises in the Bible Hear us, gracious Lord and God. for the sons of Ishmael. Even in o praise the Lord, all ye nations: Praise Him, all ye people.

a translation the fire of his poetic To hear a large congregation use genius is not extinguished: this Litany reminded me of the or- Mother of Ishmael! The word that ganization of the Arabian Mission God hath spoken in 1889. Professor J. G. Lansing chose this prayer of Abraham as Never hath failed the least, nor was the motto text for the new mission. His promise broken. It was his favorite text in preaching on missions to Mohammedans. Whether in judgment threatened or as blessing given; Face to face with the tragedy of Whether for time and earth or for eternal heaven, Islam, the problem of its origin, To Esau or to Jacob . . .

179

The patriarch prayed to God, while And to the Holy Ghost, life-giver, bowing in the dust: whose refreshing "Oh that before thee Ishmael might Makes all earth's deserts bloom with live !-His prayer, his trust. living showers of blessing!

Nor was that prayer despised. that Da Costa wrote nearly eighty promise left alone 'years ago.. Missions are now firmly established in Arabia and the Near Without fulfillment. For the days shall East, but the prayer of Abraham is come still on the lips of the missionaries, when hope deferred makes the When Ishmael shall bow his haughty heart sick; when they toil all the chieftain head night and the nets yield nothing. When they consider the large areas Before that Greatest Chief of Isaac's still unoccupied and the multitudes royal seed. still unreached with the Gospel message, they long for a deeper Thou, favored Solomon, hast first ful- interest in the home churches and a fillment seen baptism of a spirit of love, so that we may run out to meet the prodi- Of Hagar's promise, when came sup- gal and have Abraham's faith in pliant Sheba',s queen. God's faithfulness.

Next, Araby the blest brought Beth- Miss Fay Inchfawn strikes a lehem's newborn King, deep note in a poem entitled "Ish- mael" which appeared in the Her myrrh and spices, gold and offer- Woman's Magazine, May, 1930, ing. (London); not only the prayer on Abraham's lips but the love in Again 0 at P~ntecost they came, first- Abraham's heart is what we need fruits of harvest vast; as we face the Moslem world. She pictures Abraham speaking: When, to adore the name of J estis, at the last How often when the tent is warm at night- To Zion's glorious hill the nation's joy to share And Sarah'os eyes are gay- When Isaac, child of laughter and de- The scattered flocks of Kedar all are gathered there, light, Shouts in his play, Nebajoth, Hefa, Midian. . . . Dancing in glee about the sandy floor- My heart goes to the door- Then Israel shall know Whose heart And follows-oh, the long and weary their hardness broke, trail!- Whose side they pierced, Whose curse My other son, Ishmael. they dared invoke. When the well-digger found a new And then, while at His feet they deep well mourn His bitter death, My heart said instantly: "How can I Receive His pardon. . . • tell, Before Whose same white throne Gen- He may be thirsty 1" – When they tile and Jew shall meet brought new bread With Parthian, Roman, Greek, the far Before I tasted it my spirit said: North and the South, "Is Ishmael hungry?" On my bed at From Mississippi's source to Ganges' night giant mouth, And every tongue and tribe -shall join in one new song, Redemption! Peace on earth and good will unto men; The purpose of all ages unto all ages sure. Amen.

Glory unto the Father! Glory the Lamb, once slain, Spotless for human guilt, exalted now to reign!

DO PUEBLO INDIANS SPEAK JAPANESE?

I wonder: "Is he sleeping 1" When We have great peace without him- delight peace, and yet- In any guise comes near me, then I I never once forget. say: Lord God, Whose covenant has made "How fares Ishmael today 1" me blest; .

Isaac's a friendly lad! Lord God, Who made my fold both Shepherds and herdsmen press safe and wide, To do his bidding, glad Father of Mercies, would'st Thou have To share his friendliness. me rest Isaac is loved and petted by the clan, While Ishmael's outside? And Ishmael was at war with every This feeling should move us as man- we think of the sons of Ishmael.

DO PUEBLO INDIANS SPEAK JAPANESE?

BY THE REV. A. J. MONTGOMERY, D.D., New York Board of National Mission. oj the Pre8byterian Oh'urch. U. B. A.

W HEN the Rev. H. Carroll prepare a grammar in the Keresan Whitener, who had been a language but his manuscript was Presbyterian missionary in never published. It has now been Japan, made a trip through New decided that hereafter all mission- Mexico, in 1927, he was astounded aries to the Keres-speaking and to discover a remarkable similarity Tiwa-speaking pueblos must learn between the Keres tongue (a lan- to preach in the native tongue.

guage spoken by pueblo dwelling In 1929, Mr. Whitener was com- Indians) and the Japanese. This missioned as missionary to these similarity extends not only to vari- pueblo inhabiting Indians and im- ous words of elemental character, mediately attacked the problem but to the grammatical construc- through the language. He began tion as well. This unexpected dis- to amass a great list of words for covery contains an interesting a dictionary and studied the lan- problem for the ethnologist. How guage under the best instructors came it that a tribe of Indians he could find. As a result he has found in the mesas of New Mexico completed the grammar of the use Japanese words? Keres language and this will soon The Board of National Missions be published.

of the Presbyterian Church has Mr. Whitener has now prepared been working for over fifty years a translation of the first four chap- among these pueblo dwelling Indi- ters of the Gospel of Matthew in ans in New Mexico, having entered Keresan. This little pamphlet is en- the field originally at the invitation titled, Jesus Christo Tsiianishe, of General Grant. Until recently it (Now the birth of Jesus Christ was was assumed that the English or on this wise.) This was published the Spanish language was all that last December and is, therefore, a a missionary need understand to Christmas gift to the Keres people.

minister to the Keres, possibly with It has already proved to be an open the occasional help of an interpret- sesame to the pueblo Indians. While er. One of the early missionaries, there has been opposition on the Rev. John Menaul, had begun to part of some to anyone learning

their language, it appears that of the printed page with open since the white man has reduced mind and, let us hope that they their language to print they are will receive the story of Christ and amazed and are receiving the story His Gospel with open hearts.

ARMENIANS IN BUENOS AIRES BY THE REV. HAIG ADADOURIAN l'(lId()r~ First Congregational Clittrch, lrcst Tisburll~ ~lIass.

T HE word Diaspora is now as gelical Church of Buenos Aires" is inseparable a part of the the name of the new organization. Armenian national existence It is a Congregational church, as as it has been of the Hebrews from its constituents are the result of time immemorial. Up to the World the labors of the missionaries of War, Armenians, a "countryless" the American Board of Commisif not homeless people, had been sioners for Foreign Missions. settled chiefly in Russia, Turkey "The Kansas City Confession" is and Persia since the loss of their their creed. independence early in the fourteenth century. There were, in To effect the organization, the round numbers, one million souls in Armenian Missionarry Association each of the first two countries, a half million in Persia, and a half of New York sent me to Buenos million in other parts of the world. Aires, as its special commissioner. Since the World War, the Arme- A constant effort and preaching nians exiled from Turkey are domi- for two months brought about the ciled with more or less permanency desired result. I was ably assisted in Greece, Palestine and Syria, and by Dr. W. E. Browning, and the now, North and South America, so Revs. B. F. Stockwell, J. D. Montthat there is a real Armenian Di- gomery, Augusto Kiehl, and H. aspora. The United States and Amiriantz, all of Buenos Aires. Canada have sheltered 120,000 and in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil With consecrated leadership, perhaps 20,000 more have found the new church has every prospect safety and employment. Of these of growth and usefulness in this, more than half live in Buenos the largest city of Latin America. The members of a church composed Aires. of a historic Christian race, the They are divided into three cree- first Christian nation of the world, can, by the help of God, become a dal groups-:-the Gregorians, or helpful factor in the development members of the National Church of evangelical Christianity in the of Armenia, the Roman Catholics, great Republic of Argentina. With and the Evangelicals. The first the blood of countless Christian two groups have already been martyrs coursing their veins, the organized as churches. The third members of this new church can group was organized with one. reasonably be expected to give a hundred members, in St. Andrew's good account of the faith that is in Scots' Presbyterian Church, last them and of the stewardship to February. "The Armenian Evan- which the great Head of the church has called them.

VORLD-WIDE MISSIONS

ATLANTIC CITY BY REV. GEORGE H. TRULL, New York City Seoretary lor Specifio Woyk, Board of Porcign MisgiQ"us oj the Prcsbytedan Churoh, U. S. A.

M ANY people would like to be overthr,own, though in certain present at the interesting areas the advance of His Kingdom Annual Conference of the may be temporarily retarded.

Foreign Mission Boards of North Dr. John R. Mott advised that America, but admission is only by we look upon relating the money card. For thirty-eight years repre- power of the world to Kingdom in- sentatives of the Protestant mis- terests as a spiritual enterprise.

sionary agencies of the United We must appeal to the mind, the States and Canada have met to- reason and the heart. Money gifts gether to consider the present cOon- must be sought as we seek to win ditions, problems and plans for the souls-by personal approach. These future. The gathering includes mis- interviews never become easy. Dr.

sionaries from every continent, Henry Clay Trumbull told Dr.

intimately familiar with field facts Mott at Northfield many years ago and problems; nationally known that he had had ten thousand in- Board secretaries; pastors and lay- terviews with people in his efforts men. The work of Christian mis- to lead them to Jesus Christ, and sions has become a science and is that it was just as hard for him their chief concern. with the last one as with the first.

A fine spiritual tone pervaded all It is a good thing that it is dif- the sessions of the recent Confer- ficult to ask individuals of large ence at Atlantic City (January 13- wealth for money for missions be- 16) and the early morning period cause then it means real effort and of prayer offered a good start for sacrifice on the part of the advo- each day. The existing situations cate. "In the Foreign Mission en- on the foreign fields were squarely terprise," said Dr. Matt, "we have faced to discover their underlying something that merits the atten- meaning and how to meet them. tion of people of large affairs. They The problems of home administra- do not deal in fractions, but in tion were reviewed but the present large units. We must therefore business depression was not re- present tangible needs that appeal garded as a necessary hindrance to to the imagination, and that some- the enterprise. Christians have times call people to do the seemingmoney to give if their interest can ly impossible. Some people are not be aroused and if they can be con- giving to Foreign Missions because vinced that the gifts are worth we are not sharing with them the while. There was no note of pes- largeness and freshness of what simism because of decreased re- God is doing. We must speak ac- ceipts or because of menacing curately and specifically of the forces like Communism. These and progress of God's Kingdom and other problems were faced with show His power at work in the the quiet assurance that Jesus world."

Christ and His cause cannot be The present hard times in 183

America may be a distinct advant- and strategic influence as an advo- age," said Dr. Mott, "if they pro- cate of Foreign Missions in his lo- duce humility. They may lead to cal church. He seeks to stem the the discovery of new and better tide of secularism and materialism, ways of doing things; to a wiser to lift his people to higher levels of and more economical use of money. thought and aspiration, and to en- They demand that we evaluate large their vision of Christianity needs and put first things first. as more than a personal or com- Martin Luther declared that every munity enterprise. The pastor great opportunity that came to him needs help and the mission boards was preceded by some difficulty or must give him fresh information problem. The present financial situ- and interpretation of changes and ation in America may be but the problems on the mission field. They f.orerunner of a greater opportu- must help him to sense the World nity for the Church of Christ. Let us Mission of Jesus Christ. They must be prepared to meet it in a chas- help him gain a new sense of the tened and humble spirit. Christ missionary motives. They must counted the cost of establishing the make it possible for him to answer Kingdom of God in the earth and constructively the criticisms which He paid it. So must His Church in appear in certain magazine articles this twentieth century. and in the daily press.

The wealth of the United States Present Day Issues at the present time is greater than that of a dozen of the other leading The present situation on the for- nations of the world combined. In eign field was presented from sev- a recent year over two billion, three eral angles. Dr. Ralph W. Sock- hundred million dollars have been man, of New York, spoke on given by Americans to benevolent "Jesus' Conception of the Re- and altruistic causes. But even this deemed Society," and Dr. Sher- large giving is not in proportion to wood Eddy discussed some "Living the increased incomes of Ameri- Issues in the Present Day Mission- cans. ary Situation."

"How Shall We Keep the Spirit- Communism was mentioned by ual Note Dominant in Missionary several speakers, as one of the Promotion ?" was an important greatest present day foes of mis- topic dealt with by Dr. Robert E. sions on the foreign field. Dr. Eddy Speer. By the spiritual note we referred to Russia as "the largest mean more than what is humanis- country in the world, trying the tic or altruistic. It is the Christ- boldest experiment in history." One note. Our arguments, illustrations great challenging evil is the denial and appeals for the support of Mis- of personal liberty, a dictatorship sions must keep Christ dominant. that controls practically the entire We should use His name and por- life of the individual. It controls tray His transforming power. In agriculture, business, the radio, the some new way Christ must break press and all public utilities. One in on us, dominating our personal- challenging good in Russia is the ities, if we are successfully to pro- passion for social justice. The mote the missionary enterprise at amenities of life are not looked up- home and abroad. on as reserved for the few, but art, The pastor holds a commanding music, culture are presumably for

DISCUSSING WqRLD-WIDE MISSIONS AT ATLANTIC CITY

all. In his recent world tour Dr. alism from the shores of the Medi- Eddy found Communism in every terranean to the borders of the student audience in China and Ko- Yellow Sea. Though its expression rea. Half of the students of China may have subsided in Egypt, Syria are practically committed to Com- and Palestine, it lies dose to a senmunism which is in a life and death sitive surface. Jesus was faced with struggle for control. Communism this spirit in Judea when He was asked if it were proper to pay tribis the implacable foe of religion. ute to Cresar. It is a natural and Not only Christianity, but Judaism elemental feeling. Christianity has is persecuted in Russia. Religion is helped to stimulate nationalism looked upon as a disease, the opiate throughout the world. "If the misthat capitalists and imperialists use sionary has the spirit of his Masto drug the people. ter," said Dr. Henry Hodgkin, "he· will try to appreciate the feeling of Fletcher S. Brockman, for many the Nationalist. The missionary years in Y. M. C. A. work, said that must be fair and sympathetic; he in Russia Communism is an articu- must also be humble and ready to lated system while in China it rep- learn from the natives. But we resents policies Russia has intro- must never forget that, as Chrisduced to bring China into the world tians, we belong to an international revolution. The Russian Commun- body which teaches love rather ists have announced to the Chinese than hatred." There are sinister that the Christian Church must features to nationalism which show first be destroyed. They have also themselves in such excesses as the attacked Confucian morality, strik- brutal massacre of Armenian subing a blow at filial piety, even mur- jects by Turkey. These excesses dering parents and committing in- blind the spiritual life and religious factors in civilization. cest to show disregard of Confucian ethics and all morality. The Reform Movements in Non-Christian Communists show ardor, loyalty to Religions their cause, and self-sacrifice. They are willing to go to any extremes The restlessness, aspiration and in cruelty, pillage and murder, not longing of youth in many nonbeing bound by any code of morals. Christian lands for a new religion The present Nationalist Govern- was described by Professor Odius, ment in China is opposed to Com- of Hartford. Intellectuals are lookmunism. Many in the government ing to science, others to romantiare Christians, and most of them cism and others to resthetics. New were educated in missionary col- sects have arisen in Japan with leges and schools. The apparent a million adherents. Some in China anti-Christian attitude of some in are operating under cover. Christhe Nationalist Government, said tian ideas are being adopted and Mr. Brockman, is an effort to tide social service is being engaged in over a very difficult situation. on a large scale. Buddhists long ago Edicts are issued which mayor may adopted Christian methods of work not be enforced, depending largely and are planning a world mission. upon the local officials. The Na- Already they have established tionalist Government seems to be themselves in Europe, Great Brigrowing more friendly toward tain, Hawaii and the western part Christianity. Asia is now aflame with Nation-

of the United States. Hinduism is Jesus Christ more clearly and con- also trying to spread to the United sistently. He alone can satisfy the States. A most interesting move~ moral and spiritual hunger of man- ment within Islam is strengthening kind. The w,orld is open to those conservative Mohammedanism, said who are willing to go out as friends Dr. Paul Harrison, of Arabia. It is to the peoples in non-Christian known as Wahabiism and is an at~ lands. There is everywhere a long- tempt to purify Moslem morals, ing for world peace and there is a condemning immorality, lying and hunger for God. Racialism is a the use of tobacco. The movement deeper universalism seeking ex- has spread over Central Arabia pression. Truth is universal. There and has extended to Afghanistan is no Indian astronomy nor Mrican and Kurdistan. It represents a de- mathematics. So true religion is . sire on the part of Central Arabia universal and we can proclaim the to attain to a simple and satisfac- message of Christ with confidence tory conception of one great omnip- in His ultimate victory. .otent God. Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, the new The Brahmo-Somaj of India is secretary of the Presbyterian an eclectic faith which is making Board of Foreign Missio,ns, called little headway, but the Arya-Somaj upon the Conference to face the is nationalistic and is very virile. primal question as to what our mis- The Ramakrishna Mission is sionary effort is all about. The ranked as the most vital of all of Communist and the Hindu do not the Hindu sects and adopted some know what Christianity is. The ,of the methods of Christianity. opposition to the Christian religion generally arises because of igno- We are facing serious problems, rance as to its true nature. Opposi- but not all these disturbing ele- tion, therefore, is our opportunity ments in the present situation are to state what Christianity is and disabilities or liabilities. This up- to exemplify it. "What is this re- heaved world is an inspiration and a stimulus, said Dr. Robert E. ligion that I want to see established Speer. Many forces are at work and we find in the old world awak- around the world? It is a spiritual ening a passionate demand for edu- religion and it therefore disregards cation and a cry for light. In the national lines. Perhaps the answer atmosphere of Nationalism it as to the essential nature and pur- should be easier to develop an in- pose of Christianity would trans- digenous Church. The disintegra- form the attitude of some who have tion of old ethical and religious thus far given little thought to the loyalties summon us to present claim ,of Christ and His mission upon their lives or possessions."

PRIVILEGE EVBRYWHERE It may be that God used to give you plentiful chance to work for Him. Your days went singing by, each winged with some enthusiastic duty for the Master whom you loved …… You can be idle for Him, if so He wills, with the same joy with which you once labored for Him. The sick bed or the prison is as welcome as the harvest field or the battle field, when once your soul has come to value as the end of life the privilege of seeking and finding Him.-Phillips Brooks.

EDUCATION IN HOME

MOUNTAIN SCHOOLS BY MRS. VERNER G. EARLY, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma W HEN our Lord called His wasted hours and lives are a form disciples he did not promise of folly; that laziness is a vice, to make them rich, famous and improvidence a thing to be or great. Nor did he even promise ashamed of.

to make them happier or better. All educational systems of learn- He simply offered to make them ing have found out that no faculty useful. "If you will come with me can be developed except by its own I will make you fishers of men." exercise. Muscles grow by use; Christ evidently believed that the reasoning powers by reasoning; men to whom he made this propo- affection by loving some one; sition would not disappoint him. obedience by obeying; musical And history proves only one of the ability by singing; conversational twelve failed him. Even in the charm by talking. So all the activ- face of this Christ was not disap~ ities concerned in religion are pointed. "Follow me and I will made voluntary and in a sense ha- make you useful," Christ meant, bituaI by repeated performance.

"in my Kingdom." They become a sort of second na- Again and again, men and wom- ture. One does them almost as if en achieve the impossible, so to by instinct. Thus are the moun- speak, under the encouragement of tain people of our mISSIOn Christ's assurance that "I will schools taught character building change your life …. and you can and industry. They learn to do by accomplish …. can do marvelous the doing.

things in my Name." He informed The pastor of a Baptist church them that if they came along life's in Tennessee wrote as follows sev- way with Him they would find eral years ago concerning his ex- hardships and dire persecution. perience as a student in one of our He promised them no offer of what mountain schools. "As I think of the world calls good or fine or gave my teachers in the preparatory any secondary enticement of any school in the North Carolina moun- sort whatsoever. His was an offer tains, one of the strongest impres- merely of the opportunity of. living sions that remains with me is they righteous lives, of giving personal knew and loved Jesus Christ. How service—service where the work is this was seen in their daily lives!

hard and yet full of joy. Jesus How it burned in their chapel Christ thus obtained his followers talks; how it frequently glowed in and gave the world its saints. the classrooms; how the spirit of Isn't this precisely what religious it pervaded all their instructions."

education given in our mission This same former student refers mountain school and denomina- to the Southern Baptist Home tional colleges offers and does? It Board schools as "power-houses"

makes men and women useful citi- in the mountains. Others have zens and fits them for the right characterized the m as "light- places in life; teaches them that houses." They are both. They are 187

sending streams of light into the section of the eighteenth century alive lives of thousands of the boys and in the twentieth century, visit the girls of the hills, transforming back-country of 'Our S'Outhern m'Ounthem into powers of blessing for tains. home, society and church life. At 'One time pioneer America was These schools do thorough work. the land 'Of the l'Og cabin. N'Ow The teacher who is disposed to America is the land of brick, stone slight the work is not retained. and steel. But in the Appalachians, The pupils when they go to college the pioneer log cabin remains unfind that they easily rank with the changed since the days of the pilstudents from the best preparatory grims-one r'Oom; a great stone fireand high schools in the land. In place; perhaps a single glassless addition to literary training, these wind'Ow with a pig under it 'On the outmountain schools give instruction side t'O serve as a s'Ort of animated in Bible, missions, Sunday-school garbage pail to which anything may training, domestic science, home be thrown that is not wanted in the economics, manual training and cabin. agriculture. Above all, the main thought is to see that each pupil Very often there are no windows receives the fulness of Christ so at all. A young man who had been that all the advantages gained from out to see the world came back to his the schools may be effective for the mountain home. glory of God, the prosperity of the Kingdom, and for the comfort, "Here!" he said. "We ought t'O have honor and service of humanity. windows in this house," and he pro- This information, gained from ceeded to cut them in. The famliy The Christain Herald, was both looked on passively. interesting and instructive: When he had gone, the family be- Back in the eighteenth century, the came active. Southern pilgrim fathers crossed the sea. Those who remained on the l'Ow- "What's the use of having these lands near the coast pr'Ogressed with holes to let in the wind?" they said, the pr'Ogress 'Of the times. Th'Ose wh'O and they boarded them up. penetrated the Appalachian M'Ountains and succeeded in getting through Then there is the occasional mounthem t'O the fertile plains 'On the 'Other taineer who can't be bothered building side, have als'O pr'Ogressed, their habits a permanent cabin at all. For him and ideas changing with the changing moving is a simple matter. "When I times. But there were s'Ome wh'O g'Ot move," said one, "all I hatter do is as far as the m'Ountains and then an put out the fire and call the dog." axle-tree br'Oke d'Own, or 'One 'Of the party became ill, or they fell in l'Ove Yet the hUnger of the mountainwith the dreamy blue haze and the eer for an "eddication," is pathetic. w'O'Ods and the hills. They st'Opped in The public schools cannot satisfy the m'Ountains. that hunger, for they are few and far between, and the few schools Shut away fr'Om the w'Orld, im- that do exist are usually open only prisoned in the glorious freedom of during the summer months. Hence the land 'Of the sky, they have known the urgent need for mISSIOn nothing 'Of the movements of men. schools. These schools conducted The speech and habits of another land by the Southern Baptists in the have remained. Civilization stopped Southern highlands are doing a with them. If you wish to see a cross- work of practical Christian educa- tion which cannot be surpassed anywhere in the world. And the students in these schools mean business. Most of them work their

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN HOME MISSION MOUNTAIN SCHOOLS

way through on their own re- of a large hospital. Such a deter- 8ources. mination to get an education im- plies that the education given by Think of a primary pupil fifteen the mission schools must be worthyears old! Yet, many of the moun- while. And it is. tain young people are that age before they have the opportunity to Some one expressed it: Japanese get their first schooling. Unable flower arrangement, !esthetic dancto use a knife and fork, never hav- ing and Greek are not taught. ing seen a doll, knowing none of Most of the mountaineers are the things that surround most farmers, and they are therefore young people, a girl of fifteen av- taught how to cultivate and plant, plied for an education. She was how to judge livestock, build a silo, unable to walk up and down stairs plant; prune fruit trees and raise in the school building without fall- hogs and calves. All of this of ing-a common difficulty among course is in addition to reading, mountaineers since there are no writing, mathematics and the orstairways in their small cabins. dinary academic course. The girls But given the opportunity, she de- are taught neat carpentering of the veloped into a leader, won the prize simple pieces of furniture needed in debate, took honors in her stud- in the home, gardening, physiology ies, and is today a graceful and accomplished young lady long ago and home nursing, "household and having graduated from an Eastern farm arithmetic," domestic scieIlj;!e, college. dressmaking and house-furnishing. All the work at the school is done These inCidents I read: A boy by the students,no servants beiug clad in a tight little coat and tight- employed. Regularly de t a i led fitting homespun breeches reaching groups of students care for the building, harvest the crops, erect half-way below his knees, riding new school buildings and barns on a train for the first time in his life, when he came to the school, when needed, make desks and entered the primary class at eight- tables, cook and serve the meals. een years of age. Now he is an For those who wish to study comintelligent, highly paid employee mercial subjects such as book- keeping, shorthand, telegraphy, in a large concern. provision is made. But the main Entering the primary at twenty- subjects are those needful in moun- tain farming and home-making two years of age, a girl was told and soul saving. at the end of the first year that it was no use, she simply could not One cannot learn farming from learn. But she persisted with the books alone. Therefore these help of a patient Christian woman schools usually possess a good-sized as a teacher. After a time, as if experiment farm, and the students by a miracle, her long closed mind after a lesson have more of the started to unfold like a flower and smell of soil and hogs about them she began to pick up everything. than the smell of books. For the It was as if her brain had awaken girls, practice cottages are proafter sleep. Later, she was grad- vided where they may actually keep house, plan meals, live on a uated with high honors and became budget and perform all the doa Red Cross nurse. During the mestic duties of a home. World War she was placed in a most important position as head

More than aU this, and best of rather than, as he thought, take all, these students are taught Jesus his life in his hands. Another I Christ, made to feel God's nearness heard of who, upon entering an as they are led to develop Christian characters and to act Christ- office building in Asheville, walked like as they live and move in God's up the five flights of stairs rather great outdoors, hidden away in the than risk his life in "the pesky nooks and crannies of the Appa- cage." lachian Mountains, and others equally as remote from civilization. The schooled mountaineer sees the world in perspective. He Many students develop into. Chris- knows that while his own settletian teachers, and teach in the ment may boast ten families or same mission schools where they more, Chicago, New York and received an education. Many be- Oklahoma City are still larger. He come ministers of the Gospel and knows so much about tilling the missionaries laboring in the home soil that he does not have to resort and foreign fields. This year the to moonshining to make a living. Home Board of the Southern Those who have become followers Baptist Convention reports the in- would rather starve than resort to crease in the numbers of minis- such a trade! Again, he has been terial students and Christian so thoroughly taught and had so wQrkers especially gratifying. The ingrained in his heart and mind schools report by far the largest and life the Christian manners and number of conversions among stu- way of living that he has too much dents of any previous year. spiritual clarity and breadth of view to desire to continue old Some one said to the president feuds. He is a God-fearing, a Godof one of our mountain schools, "I loving, Heaven-believing, faith-renotice a great difference in your ceiving, industrious, hard working, students. You must be drawing big, broad, clean, genuine, useful on a much higher class now than American. Yes, he is more than ten years ago." The answer was all this. The mountain man and that these were the younger broth- woman who have been trained in ers and sisters of the ones in the the mission schools are Christian school ten years ago, who had gone Americans. They are worthy citiback and leavened the homes. As a result of this leavening, the pres- zens. ent students were truly of a higher Thus are the mountaineers of class. today becoming useful Christians The mountaineer has been intro- and citizens of a Heavenly com- duced to the world by the mission monwealth because Christ set the schools. He no longer regards the example when He taught His people outside the mountains as "furriners," "outlanders" and chosen twelve how to labor and to "quar." He is not terrified by an serve. The religious education elevator or an automobile, as was that Christ taught was of the heart one whom I saw walk five miles and the hand as weU as of the head. It is the only education really worth while!

A JEW WAS

BY JACOB SILVERMAN, NEW YORK The following is a frank statement by a Jewish student as to the chief cause of bitter prejudice against Jesus Christ and His religion felt by European Jews, especially those from Russia. Can they be blamed? How much Christlike love must be shown toward them to overcome this false and anti-Christian background and to prepare them to receive Him Who came to save them.-EDITOR.

I WAS shocked when I first be- my young mind pictured the de- held the title of Rabbi Tratt- mand as some means of doing me ner's article "As a Jew Sees further injury. With my refusal Jesus."* It had never occurred to me that a Jew-not to mention a came a new outburst of kicks, Rabbi-would dare to write down punches, and shouts. Subconhis impression of this famous per- sciously, perhaps, my mind recordson. As I looked at the title I be- ed one of the cries: "Give it to gan to meditate: "why shouldn't a him, fellows! He's one of the dirty Jew, and especially a Rabbi, who understands the very emotions of Jews who killed Jesus!" t his people, write down what he thinks of a man who has so I dared not tell my mother of markedly influenced the trend of the occurrence for fear of frighthistorical events? Why, then, had ening her. A few days later, as I I been so shocked when I first be- was thinking over the entire matheld the title? What is there in ter trying to find some reason for my past that could possibly explain the beating, my mind suddenly my peculiar reaction?" burst forth with "Give it to him, fellows! He's one of the dirty My first contact with the name Jews who killed Jesus!" I started. of Jesus was a most dreadful one. "One of the dirty Jews who killed I was about nine years old. One Jesus! – dirty Jews who killed day on my way home from school Jesus! – killed Jesus!" I became I suddenly found m y s elf sur- frantic. What had they meant? rounded by .a band of young Ital- What right had they to say that I ians all shouting. I was terror was one of the dirty Jews who stricken. I knew I was in for a killed Jesus? Jesus? Who was beating, but the reason I did not this Jesus? I was sure I had never know. After they had thrashed heard of this person before. me, they threw me u p 0 n the ground with my face up. One of That day I asked my Hebrew them drew out a small iron cross, teacher to explain to me who Jesus placed it before my face, and de- was. Upon hearing the name, he manded that I kiss it. I really did arose, shaking, and commanded me not know the true symbolic mean- never to mention that name in his ing of the Cross at that time, and presence again. (Poor soul, his I refused to comply simply because wife and children had been stabbed to death before his very eyes by a band of drunken Christians in Russia.) *.. :icrilmcr's j{agflzine~ April, 1930. tHistoricaIly incorrect (writer's note).

191

That same night I asked my fa- the name for its connection with ther to tell me who Jesus was. HiR that scene of horror. answer was, "Silence, my son! I never want that name to issue As a r.esult of these various perfrom your mouth again!" He then secutions which have been related began to speak. He spoke as if he from generation to generation in were in a trance. He spoke not the homes of the Jews, the name of the life of Jesus, but of some Jesus and everything connected years back, in a little town in Rus- with the name, including the man sia-a most peaceful little town in all His dynamic and admirable with its beautiful little synagogue personality, have become a repulwhere the beloved Reb Samuel had sive force to the Jewish people. It conducted the ceremonies for al- is not that the Jewish people loathe most half a century. One day a the Man for what He did while He band of Christians descended upon lived-for that would require a the village and began plundering knowledge of the man's life, and, and killing. Reb Samuel, who was I am sure, a large number of my then in the midst of his prayer, people know very little about His came running out of the synagogue life. But it is the result of his with his Siadur in his hand and his having lived, the force which he Tallith around his shoulders. He had unknowingly aroused, the ran to one of the soldiers, demand- wave of destruction which has ing an explanation. The soldier come down through the ages castturned around, perceived the old ing horror upon a people-it is man, drew his knife, and with a that which has made that people shout "For Jesus!" plunged it into dread what they believed to be the the heart of the beloved Rabbi. key to their sufferings.

Under the circumstances the Even today we read of pogroms name Jesus could not have been and uprisings against Jews in vavery pleasing to my ears; but, rious parts of the world – Jews mark you, it was only the name. who wish to live peacefully, but I had no knowledge of the man cannot; Jews whose very souls try himself, nor, I am led to believe, to protest, but dare not. Is it any had my father. I was simply wonder that Jesus does not hold taught to loathe a sound, a name- an esteemed position in the Jewish Jesus, just as my father loathed religion, a position which right- fully is His?

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE'S CREED I believe in God the Father Almighty, Maker of Heaven and Earth. And in Jesus Christ, His best loved son, our Master, who was born to show us the way through suffering to be also His sons and His daughters, His handmen and His handmaidens; who lived in the same spirit with the Father, that we may also live in that Holy Spirit; whose meat was I to do His Father's will and to finish His work; who suffered and died, saying, "That the world may love the Father." And I believe in the Father Almighty's love and friendship; in the service of God; the grow- ing into a likeness with Him by love; the being one with Him in will at last, which is Heaven. I believe in the plan of Almighty Perfection to make us all. perfect. And this I believe is the Life Everlasting.

CROSSES IN

BY THE REV. JOHN T. TUCKER, D.D., Bela Vista, Portugese East Africa -lli8sionary of the United Ohurch oj Oanoda and Priucipal oj 0/(,.,-i6 Institute, DOlld,t Angola J DAVID LIVINGSTONE, lost been engaged in anti-slavery work in the dim recesses of the on the west coast of Africa. Dark Continent, acted as a magnet to others who sought the As a result three missionaries extinction of the nefarious trade in were sent to Angola, in 1880, piohuman bodies and souls. Henry M. neers of international interest. Stanley, on his arduous mission, William H. Sanders, a son of an found his hero in Ujiji. When the American Board missionary hailed finding of the missionary-explorer fr.om Ceylon; W. W. Bagster, of rendered further search unneces- London Bible House fame, came sary, others, not less daring turned from California; S. T. Miller, son their thoughts to other ways of of a freedman of the Southern seeking the welfare of those "im- States, went to preach Good Tidings ages of God carved in ebony." to his own race. They took the message.of the Cross to the natives, Commander Cameron of the and proclaimed the Life which is British Navy, serving on the East life indeed. Death, as usual in those Coast of Africa, witnessed atroci- days, took heavy toll of the early ties on board the slave dhows that missionaries, but never for a moaroused a compelling desire to take ment did the heralds of Christ part in the suppression of the in- shrink from their task. Two other human traffic. This man of valiant societies later came to help in the courage was convinced that the evil work, the Brethren Mission led by could be effectively attacked only at F. S. Arnot, of England, and the its source in the interior, and be- Canadian Congregational Mission lieved that the naval slave patrol which joined forces with the Amerwas necessary. He decided to make ican Board and sent out Walter a transcontinental journey from Currie. east to west, as the Arab slavers had done. Destiny led him to An- Three crosses were erected durgola, but so shattered was his ing the jubilee celebrations last health by dysentery and malaria May, each symbolic to the Ovimthat he nearly failed to reach the bundu people. Atlantic seaboard. Friendly POTtugese at Benguela nursed him back The first cross represents the nato health, and he returned to Eng- tive pagan religious rites. From land. time immemorial the Ovimbundu have been in the habit of erecting Later Commander Cameron vis- within their strongly stockaded vilited America and called at the lages a symbol of divination called American Board in Boston to urge owulu. This divining cross consists the founding of a mission in Bie, of a stout pole, varying in height Angola, among the great Ovimbun- from ten to fifteen feet, with a du people, far-famed as intrepid transverse piece about nine inches traders. His plea met a response in from the top. Around this sacred Secretary Means who himself, in pole the natives danced on great octhe U. S. Brigatine "Dolphin," had casions. They believed that through its instrumentality the ancestral 3 193

spirits, the gods of the tribe or cross of discovery and civilization. community, communicated with The arrival of the Portuguese their afflicted and distracted chil- caravels in the Congo in 1492, after having plowed virgin seas, dren. marked the opening of an epoch. A great concourse gathered and Led by heroic commanders, the Portuguese sailors erected on chosdances were kept up continuously en headlands padr6es, stone crossto the accompainment vf drum es, symbolizing the new era of civbeating, with plentiful potions of ilization of commerce and developstrong beer to revive drooping ment. F.or generations the lands strength. The high priest of Kan- of Africa had lain dormant, but the dundu, itself the sacred ark of the coming of these pioneers signified people, was in the spirit house com- a new birth. Development did not muning with the spirits while the take place immediately, but a bepeople danced and drank. Suddenly ginning was made. Africa in transhe appeared, "seized with spirit," formation dates from the arrival and with great agility climbed the of the Lusitanian mariners from Qwulu, dexterously planting his the Tagus under Diogo Cao. It is feet on the transverse section of therefore fitting to remember these the cross. Standing erect, he gave men of old and their exploits. Comforth oracles' on the subject: merce is contributing greatly to the evolution of a new Africa. The new Does death decimate the people? civilization pulls down ancient The oracle says: "perhaps the fire standards and sets up new values is 'sick' and needs to be rekindled; in the remotest kraal of the resome warlock needs attention; rid motest tribe in the remotest jungle. the country of a pestilent fellow." Nothing escapes the all-embracing influence of railway and motor, of Do the village elders plan a trad- steamship and aeroplane; tractors ing expedition to the remote in- supplant the traditional hoe and terior? "Gain you shall find on the steam shovels now dig ore for great trip," speaks the ventriloquistic voice; slaves and tusks and rubber smelting works.

and wax." The third cross, that of Chris- Or the oracle may have an un- tian advance, is of wood, illumi- nated to symbolize the redemption favorable word. "Go if you choose, in Christ Jesus. The new Africa but loss and tribulation will be yours, perhaps even death itself." cannot live by bread alone. The African is out for new things. He Or the community wishes to is shedding his past and much that move io another district—death is good with it. The message of the and disease ravage the ranks; fields Gospel makes its unique appeal to perhaps do not yield their increase him, with its books which he reads or fertility is withheld. The people and re-reads; its slates and copy listen to the oracle as if entranced books which he uses and re-uses, and obey immediately. even when all the possible utility in them seems to have been exhaust- Such an ancient cross of divina- ed. A school is organized and a tion served generations and provided a sense of guidance to the schoolhouse is built and furnished, tribesmen. They were very reli- with the exception of no other regious, even though their beliefs were based on ignorance.

The second cross erected at the Jubilee is the Portuguese stone

IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

ward than the satisfaction in his and the bringing in of a hope for own heart and the gain for his the future with the assurance of children. The Christian African is God's leading through trying and a tower of strength in his com-· vexatious days. munity and, rightly led and in- In Angola land the Church of structed, responds favorably to the Christ is firmly rooted. Thousands new light and values which come of members and catechumens and with the acceptance of the Gospel. pupils are found. Songs of praise The third cross signifies to An- arise, and among the most grateful gola the redemption of thousands are those for the presence of Dr. of lives, betterment of living con- and Mrs. William H. Sanders, who diUons, abolition of harmful and are still spared to the work after age long superstitions by the ex- fifty years of transforming minpulsive power of a new affection, istry.

IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC BY REV. H. F. JOHNSON, Santiago OVER f,orty years ago Mr. istry to assume more responsibility Samuel Mills heard the call in the work. A Provisional Annual to become a missionary to Conference was organized, comthe Spanish-speaking people of the posed of thirty-two members, lay- Dominican RepUblic. He was then men and ministers. Seven native a prosperous business man in Ash- men were ordained and two more tabula, Ohio, but when the voice were taken on trial. An extensive said, "Arise and go toward the evangelistic campaign was worked south," he went. Through many out; and a plan for self-support was instituted. Even though the trials and discouragements he la- past year has been depressing fibored for seven long years before nancially, yet the campaign has been most satisfactory. It has been the precious seed took root. After a year of great blessing. more years of labor the Christians were organized into a Free Meth- This Free Methodist work is conodist Church. There has been per- ducted in sixty-five stations on the secution, and bitter opposition to north side of the island, in the the work and a number of mission- Cibao valley. Some places are aries have given their lives to the still unoccupied, but efforts are befield. Others have returned to the ing put fcrth to enter every hamlet homeland, having worn themselves with the Gospel message. Besides seven ordained men, there are thirout. ty other workers, mostly laymen, local preachers, and evangelists. DUring the last few years there There are over 1,500 members in has been a remarkable growth in the Sunday-schools. The Santiago the work both on the north side of church, whose pastor is Miss Nellie the island and ,on the south, where Whiffen, is a complete self-support- American Mission Boards are con- ing institution. This is the first ducting a union work. Our work church to take this step in the Redeveloped to such an extent that it became necessary last year to make some provision for the nat~ve min-

public. There are a multitude of the island, since the real center of sympathizers, but we only count the "Vendaval" (blow from the the ones whom we believe to be sea) was at the Capital city. It really converted, and that number was a real hurricane that came up is about 600, of the "twice born." out of the sea in all its twisting It is uplifting to attend one of their fury, and lasted for hours. A few meetings and listen to their con- days afterwards, when the traffic gregational singing, their public was open, a group of us went to the testimonies and prayers. They re- Capital and saw the poor people veal the moral and spiritual value without homes, many with terrible of Christian missions. wounds in their bodies. The r.oofs of most of the houses are of zinc; The Evangelical Institute trains and the winds lifted the zinc sheets young people for Christian service. off the roofs and sent them flying After four years of operation as a through the air like so many co-educational school, the impor- knives. There were many wounded tant place which it occupies in the and the wreckage and ruins were development of the work is clearly general. Rev. B. N. Morgan and seen. While it is a small institu- Rev. Enrique Rivera worked night and day, and won universal respect tion, yet it has always been ac- and confidence. Had it not been knowledged by the people as a for them many of the poor would school of high ideals. Our strongest have starved to death. At the presnative workers have come from ent time the Capital city is being this Institute. It is located on the rebuilt and trees and grass which main highway leading out of Santi- were scorched as if by a fire, are ago, toward the east. covered with a new green cloak.

The recent cyclone did not do much damage on the north side of FELLOWSHIP WITH JESUS CHRIST By FRANCIS SHUNK DOWNS, D.D.

More important than work for Jesus is fellowship with Jesus. We like to report that devils are cast out as we wage our spiritual warfare, but our Saviour reminds us to rejoice that our names are written in heaven.

The secret of Paul's missionary energy is to be found in his own words: "To me to live is Christ." That is a profounder philosophy of life than "to work for Christ."

Count Zinzendorf in reply to a searching question once said: "I have only one passion; it is Christ." Yet the fruit of that concentrated passion was a missionary program that reached out into the unoccupied areas of the world.

David Livingstone in the days of his youth declared: "My great object is to be like Christ, to imitate Him as far as He can be imitated." It was this intimacy that caused the missionary fires to burn brightly in his soul, that led him to encompass a continent in his plans, and that moved him to pour out his life for the redemption of the enslaved and the lost.

D. CUSHMAN, OF

BY WILLIAM T. ELLIS, LL.D.

A .Journalist)s Tribute to a J[issionary NUrse ; FTER the war if Miss Cush- out of Turkey. There she became f i man had followed the fa~h- father and mother to tens of thouion, and had come to America sands of war's victims-the kut-el- to lecture and to be lionized, she Amaria British prisoners; the in- would to-day be known everywhere terned Roman Catholic priests and as one of the great women of the nuns; prisoners and refugees from world. Testimonial dinners would all corners of the wide domain of have been given her; the American the sultan; and thousands of Ar- Legion would have adopted her; menian orphans and deportees.

magazines would have printed Throughout the days of conflict articles about her; rotagravures she alone represented the allied and would have carried a succession of pictures of her and her decora- neutral nations in Anatolia. Brevet tions; women's clubs would have idolized her·; and high and low rank was given her as the acting would have united in tributes to her as one of the spectacular fig- consul of seventeen nations. Upon ures of the world war. assurance of Ambassador Morgan- thau, before the curtain of silence But with the rugged individual- fell on Turkey, that her drafts ity which she inherited from her would be honored, she wrote in Mayflower ancestors, Emma D. simple faith, checks for over a mil- Cushman, preferred to remain in lion dollars, for carrying on her the Near East and to carryon mod- unparalleled work of ministry and estly her great work as a mission- relief. She was nurse, almoner, adary and relief administrator. So ministrator, priest, missionary, finwhen she passed away, with the old ancier and statesman. Only those year, three brief paragraphs in a whose lives she saved can underpress dispatch were her only pub- stand the magnitude of Miss Cushlic recognition. I visited Miss Cush- man's work at Konia. A man in man in Egypt a few weeks before Jerusalem wept openly as he told she died; as I had earlier visited me how Miss Cushman had interher in Corinth, Eubea and Konia. vened between his whole family To the end, even when malignant and certain death. After the war malaria and fatal anemia had her Miss Cushman never saw America in their grip, she was the same again. She carried on as a master serene, sunny, self-contained, and relief worker: the number of her unassuming character, her speech charges in Greece reduced to five savored with the salt of a piquant thousand; which, she naively re- marked to me, were really enough personality. for one woman to handle! The real romance of Miss Cush- It is to be hoped that some gifted man's story should not be lost to writer will produce a biography of Miss Cushman that will preserve the world.* This dauntless mis- her spectacular story as one of the outstanding pieces of missionary sionary-nurse refused to leave Ko- literature and American history in nia when foreigners were ordered the Near East.

~d part of it in my book, "Bible Lands Todny."

197

A COLOMBIAN

BY THE REV. ALEXANDER M. ALLAN, BOGOTA, COLOMBIA ONE night an expert in his line, this new day. Chemists have been and an intelligent freethink- able to generate plant life." er dined in my home in Bogota. He wanted to see a book on I suggested that the supposed the Panama question, saying that spontaneous generation might only while undoubtedly President Roose- prove that germs and seeds could velt was greatly to blame for the live in conditions where we thought manner of taking the canal, yet as they would die, but he continued. a liberal, he would like to show up the intrigue of the Conservative "Matter is, along with force, the party in Bogota in those critical explanation of everything." years. Such intrigue was, he thought, as much responsible for "What about the future life?" I the loss of the fair Province as was queried. Mr. Roosevelt's impatient abruptness. "There is no room for it," was He went on to. discuss the future the answer. "We die and that is of Protestantism in Colombia. "We the end. There is no hereafter. In want you to go ahead," he said, our influence and only there, can "above all in good school work. we live after death." Schools are the thing to undermine fanaticism and ignorance. Concen- "If there be no immortality," I trate on them. Make them superi- asked, "how can we assure ouror." selves even of the existence of God?" "What about our evangelistic work?" I queried. "My dear man, we know there is no God. Why try to sustain the "You know we think your fable? We have to develop ourchurches are far better for our peo- selves slowly through the ages. pIe than the established churches. Gravitation does not need a God to The Protestant is 'the least harmful work it. It works itself." of all religions. Work among the poor, uplift the masses, and you "What is the characteristic creed will do good." of freethinkers," I asked.

"What about our message for the "Not all think alike, but more or educated classes?" I asked. less we are materialistic, and either openly atheistic, as I myself am, or "You have none," came the swift else we believe in the existence of reply. "You cannot expect intel- some great first cause, such ideas ligent, thoughtful men to listen to are very indistinct and hazy." religion. We do not need it. Laplace was once asked, after he and "Do you think the liberal party some others had viewed the won- will ever evolve some religion ders of the starry heavens through which will compromise between a telescope, where God came in, free thought and say, evangelism?" and he at once replied, 'We do not was my next question. His answer need Him.' That is how we feel in was significant.

"Between a thorough-going ra- tionalism and Christianity, I fail to see any middle ground. It is the one or the other. You cannot mix them. Besides, we do not need or 198

W3J J WITH A COLOMBIAN FRl£ETHINKER tV9

want any religion at all. We have reader will already have drawn had more than enough disaster from the foregoing such concluthrough religion." sions as these: In our friendly conversation, he 1. The historical and racial backrevealed frankly his attitude, which is that of the educated liberal free- ground of Latin America is entirethinkers towards evangelical mis- ly different from that of Anglosionary work. Paraphrased, it is something like this: After all, these Saxon America. Protestants come from highly civi- 2. The medieval character and lized lands, and spend money for our country's good. We must show political abuses of the Roman Caththem courtesy, and encourage olic Church for centuries have been them. Every boy they educate will responsible for the loss of religious be entitled to vote when he can read faith of many reasoning men, and and will vote for the liberal party, have made it difficult for "good which is anti-clerical. English and seed of the Kingdom" to take root arithmetic are better than the and flourish. Catechism of Father Astete, and prepare for real life. Their mis- 3. Trained lecturers on apolosionary work, on the whole, will getics, who can present the claims help on the liberal part. Both they of Christianity on philosophical, and we expose the corruption of scientific, moral, intellectual and spiritual grounds, have an immense the dominant church. On negative and inviting field in Latin America. issues, we have much in common. If they do not convert many, they 4. For the formation of national do no harm, being upright men churches, the rank and file will natwho unfailingly pay their bills. Of urally and rightly come from "the common people who hear Him gladcourse, it would never do for men ly" and unto them should we direct in our social and intellectual posi- our greatest efforts. tion to go to their poor churches, and sit next to Indians. The preach- 5. The advice of the freethinker, er would only bore us with some to concentrate on schools rather antiquated myths, which we have than on an aggressive evangelism, outgrown completely. Neverthe- is advice not to be taken. "We know less, we like to meet the mission- in whom we have believed, and are aries in hotels and steamers, and persuaded." The school is the handit is jolly to have dinner with them maid of the Church, not the subonce in a while. stitute. Paul, not the freethinking onlooker, is a safe guide in matters The thoughtful and discerning of mIssIOnary method. Jesus Christ, not materialistic atheism, "shall reign where'er the sun doth his successive journeys run."

General Charles Gordon, the hero of Khartum, was one of God's saints. He loved his Bible and made it his one great study. In letters to his sister, written in 1867 and published in 1888, he said: "The chief proof, that the Bible is good food, is the eating of it; the healing efficacy of a medicine, when it is used, is a demonstration that it is good…… I continue to have the most exquisite delight in the Bible beyond any past experience. All that dead time, when I read without interest, merely because I ought to do so, is now repaid me, and God brings the passages back to memory with the power of the Spirit."

A PASTOR WITH WORLD WIDE

T HE Rev. George Alexander, D.D., who died in New York City on December 12th, was, for forty-six years, a member of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church. From 1903 to 1924, he was president of the Board and both as member and as president his service was rendered with unsurpassed ability, faithfulness and grace.

Dr. Alexander's missionary interest began in his childhood at his mother's knee and was deepened in his college and seminary course. Eight of his seminary classmates in the Class of 1870 at Princeton, one-fifth of the class, went to the foreign field, four in connection with the Board-Dr. Imbie to Japan, Dr. Howell to Brazil, Mr. Seeley and Dr. Lucas to India. One of the others was George L. Mackay, the missionary pioneer and builder of Formosa. Of all these only Dr. Lucas now remains. DUring his first pastorate at Schenectady Dr. Alexander taught in Union College and some of his ablest students went out to the mission field. He looked upon these men, like Dr. Griswold, of India and Dr. Waddell. of Brazil. as his own sons and they looked up to him with filial affection and unbounded regard. When the Student Volunteer Movement began he was its chief sponsor and friend among ministers and missionary leaders.

For many years Dr. Alexander was Chairman of the Committee on India. He strongly supported Dr. Ellinwood, for whom he had the highest admiration, in the aggressive policies which he introduced, especially in the occupation of Korea and the Philippines. He visited Brazil and attended the Latin American Missionary Conference in Panama in 1916, and served for more than thirty years as president of the Board of Trustees of Mackenzie College in Sao Paulo, and was its mainstay and bulwark. No part of the foreign mission field and no missionary problem or human need was alien to him. He had a place which no one else has held during the past half century in the affection and trust of the Board and its members and its missionaries, to all of whom he was endeared by the noble qualities of his pure and genial and gracious spirit. By reason of his long service. he has had to do with the commissioning of more missionaries than any other Presbyterian in Christian history and his death will awaken personal and affectionate memories around the world.

A PRAYER Show me, Lord, the way 'Of lDve That leads tD heaven and Thee, abDve Teach me tD see 'neath cDlored skin, The heart, like mine, that rests within.

Open my eyes, that I may be FrDm racial prejudice set free.

Help me tD clasp with friendly hands Those who may come frDm 'Other lands; And with my friends across the sea, Hand in hand, to CDme to Thee.

Orange, Calif. -Mildred Watson.

200

OF THE

Clouds with Silver Linings resources and obligations, our inherit- ance and our debt to God? Very few Drought, high prices, high tariff, Christians in either America or Eng- high wages, high living, reckless land know what material deprivation speculation and spending, and world- is compared with that experienced wide unrest have united to produce daily and without complaint by fellow unemployment and hard times. Not Christians in the villages of China, only have fortunes been lost but in- India, Siam, Korea and the Islands of comes have been so reduced that, for the Sea. Gold is no substitute for multitudes, giving, spending and sav- God; full stomachs do not make up ing have become difficult. While mil- for starved spirits; many impover- lions of those who complain of hard ished Christians who have no treasure times still find money to spend on laid up on earth, have laid up riches pleasure, trav~l, the theater, movies, that no financial crash or loss of a job sports and other nonessentials, millions can take away.

more find it difficult to meet necessary But there is, even in times of finan- expenses for rent, coal, clothing and cial stress and of shortage in mission- food. Naturally the Church also suf- ary budgets, a gold or silver lining to fers and all forms of Christian activity the cloud that may forecast a better, –even charitable relief. Every church brighter day. Large incomes bring and missionary organization faces a greater dangers than small stipends.

de5.cit or a decrease in income. This Individuals and mission boards are means not only inability to advance tempted to spend lavishly when in- and a curtailment of service but in comes are large. Wealthy churches at many cases it means the dismissal of home build ornate and elaborate edi- Christian workers, the closing of fiees that do not generally mean pro- schools, hospitals and a reduction in portional spiritual life and service.

already meagre salaries. The most effective colleges and theo- Not less than three hundred million logical schools, from a Christian point people in Asia and Africa are still un- of view, are not usually those with the reached by the Gospel message. The finest buildings and largest endow- results of failure are seen today in the ments. Some missions in foreign lands atheistic communism in China and are still suffering from the lavish Russia, in the materialism in Japan, spending authorized when the Inter- Europe and Latin America, in the re- church World Movement was expected ligious bigotry in Moslem lands, in the to triple resources. It is a truism that superstitious paganism in Africa and poverty and self-denial are more con- among spirit worshippers. We Amer- ducive to spiritual life and service ican Christians still have the means to than are riches with self-indulgence.

promote a forward movement if we are Among the benefits that may come ready to make real material ·sacrifices to the Church and individuals at home for spiritual gains-sacrifices such as and to the mission work abroad marked the early Christians and such through the present financial stress as mark converts today in India, in and strain are: Africa, Korea and other mission lands. 1. A more careful scrutiny of ex- Is not this a time to take stock of penditures in administration and in our real assets and liabilities, our true equipment.

201

2. A more simple, less expensive funds) that seemed spiritually barren, style of building for mission institu- while other schools, suffering for what tions, a type not too far above the seem to be essentials, produce rich homes of the people they serve and not harvests. The early missionaries went beyond the ability of the Christian out with a minimum of financial re- community to maintain. sources but with a wealth of faith and 3. A new evaluation of the various the results are seen today. Some schools and hospitals, well equipped forms of missionary work, with a view and ,supported, give evidence of wide to finding out which is most productive influence and effective spiritual servin spiritual results; possibly a de- ice. But in every case where this is crease in the institutional work in true the real dependence is on God favor of evangelism. and on spiritual methods and forces. 4. A new study of the field to dis- If adversity and poverty drives us to our knees, it is a blessing. If comfort cover where forces can be withdrawn from well supplied areas and can be or affluence make us selfish and indesent into unoccupied territory. pendent of God, it proves a curse.

5. A closer cooperation or union of Christian forces to avoid duplication We believe that out of the present and waste of effort and re,sources. financial distress will come a clearer 6. An advance movement toward estimate of values, a wiser use of self-support and autonomy in the na- funds, a closer cooperation with other tional churches abroad and in home Christian workers, a greater economy mission churches in America. Abun- in resources, a stronger indigenous dance of foreign money is a great Church, a larger spiritual emphasis detriment to the development of an and a more complete reliance on God.

indigenous church. Already financial stress at home has brought bless- After the Round Table Confering through increased independence ence-,;Vhat ? abroad.

7. The greatest blessing that comes Mahatma Gandhi and all members in periods of financial stress is the of the All-India Congress Committee unveiling of the eyes to see the supreme importance of eternal thing£, have been set at liberty and India has the need for greater emphasis on spir- been promised constitutional self-govitual realities and the fact that our ernment as a dominion of the British dependence for power and for success Empire, as a result of the Round is on God and not on gold. Table Conference in London that ended on January 26th. Indian polit- Financial and Spiritual Power ical prisoners (60,000) are to be set at liberty, provided that the Indians In our recent journey through the promise peaceful cooperation. Great mission field£ of the Orient, we were Britain reserves some rights and recontinually seeking the answer to the sponsibilities in India, including in- question-what is the relation between ternational relations and preservation financial expenditure and spiritual of peace and order. Moslems, Hindus harvests? Do larger salaries produce and other religious sects, caste and better missionaries-and secretaries- out-caste representatives, delegates and editors? How far do fine build- from British India and from Native ings and better equipment insure bet- States, came to a larger measure of ter men and women-from a Christian agreement than was anticipated; the point of view? Do million dollar en- rights of minorities are safeguarded, dowments mean richer spiritual re- but the details of the program remain sults? We saw some (very few) to be worked out. Mahatma Gandhi elaborate and well equipped education- still refuses to cooperate in this pro- al buildings (built with mission gram and demands complete independ-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

ence-which, if granted immediately, pressive is His Parable of the Talents would result in chaos. with its infinite award: "Thou has It is too early to forsee what the result will be if India takes over all been faithful over a few things, I will local governmental functions, including the judiciary and police systems, make thee ruler over many things, the imposition, collection and expenditure of the salt tax and other internal enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." and external revenues; the management of railways and telegraph lines; Theoretically we assent to the the educational program and the laws to govern temple rites and religious truth of these teachings, but to have freedom. Great Britain has thus far made good her promise to grant India them actually and supremely motivate a constitutional government. It now remains for India to show her fitness life and control possessions is another for enlightened self-rule. It will be interesting to see what is the result matter. Such motivation can only be in the moral development of the Indians, the progress toward the solu- greatly promoted through the living tion of the caste problem, the right to Christian education, and real freedom contagion of men and women who are from religious persecution. experiencing the peace and happiness The Seed Bed of Happiness of this joyous living and giving. The world is full of needs. It could be bubbling over with joy in supply- Nothing is quite so contagious as ing these needs if we would overthrow the greed motive for life and abounding JOY. obey Jehovah's command, "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself." Earth's Possibly it has taken 2,000 years for antipodes are now our neighbors, and it is astonishing, how many nations the earth's spiritual seed bed to be today, in spite of these well-known needs, are worrying over disposition ready for a wide and vigorous growth of their surplus products. of Christ's revolutionary teachings, so Nearly all the social problems of humanity and the desperate woes of the contrary to man's selfish nature. world can be met and solved when people cheerfully give as Christ taught. Jesus, Himself, met defeat with the We mean by this sacrificial, happy, and liberal expenditure of life and that rich young ruler and virtually prowhich represents life, accumulated wealth, for meeting human needs. nounced the task of converting human Think over some of Christ's teachings -"It is more blessed (happy) to give riches to the Kingdom of God then imthan to receive"; "Lay not up for yourselves treasures on earth"; "Lay possible. In His statement. however, up treasures in heaven, for where your treasure is there will your heart be of '~reater things" being done by His also"; "Seek ye first the kingdom of God"; "He that saveth his life shall followers "b,ecause I go to the Father," lose it"; "What shall it profit a man to gain the whole world 7". Most im- perhaps He indicated what is now be- coming widely possible. Great reser- voirs of accumulated wealth are today under direct control of God's children.

Will they gloriously release it for the real and final Armageddon against sin, suffering and death? If they will.

other great social and religious world problems besides economic want will be speedily solved.

There are favoring signs in the al- truistic attitude now being taken by men of wealth, many not professed disciples of Jesus.

The cultivation of Joyful Giving must increasingly attract the deepest interest of the Church. How much happier it is to relieve great need through wisely administering our in- dividual estates while living rather than leaving unearned wealth to heirs. Many thereby have cursed their descendants for generations.

This benevolent idea is not visionary.

It is practical beyond question and is increasingly being demonstrated all over the world. A. A. HYDE.

The Message for To-Day The Christian's Vocation There is a message in the Bible for Jesus did not believe in a hermit life or a hermit Church. We are here for each of us. Ever it contains a key a purpose, and each has a definite vo- cation. It is to manifest Christ to the that will unlock the door that opens world. We are not here to become critics of others, to find fault with on a better day. It places a halo others, least of all to force our prin- ciples upon others from the outside by around every earthly relation. external pressure. We are here to manifest Christ to the world, to be Of the child it says: "Of such is unto men as an angel or messenger of God. The great hope that fills the soul the kingdom of Heaven." inspires it with a Sense of responsibil- ity to manifest Christ as our Lord and Of old age it says: "The hoary head Master. Our present generation is very indifferent to the voice of the is a crown of glory, if it be found in Church, and I cannot blame it much. The reason is plain. We have offered the way of righteousness." the world in our time a Saviour too small for the tragic necessities of life. Of marriage it says: "For this In easy times the Jesus of popular literature, the Good Companion always cause shall a man leave father and at our side, may suffice, but in the deep moods of the spirit, in the sharp mother, and cleave to his wife; and stresses and strains of our mortal ex- istence, the soul will cleave only to that they twain shall be one flesh." whose tragic meaning is deeper than the distresses of the world. There is a To blind poverty it says: "Receive very pathetic feeling after God in our world today. We can sense it all they sight." around us. What is needed is to re- kindle the fires upon the cold altars of To the paralytic it says: "Take up our hearts, to make them flame and glow within us until the world can thy bed and walk." feel the light and heat. Then in that buoyant hopefulness, that calm and un- To shame it says: "Neither do I disturbed peace, the world will see the manifestation of something beyond it, condemn thee; go and sin no more." and will come again, as it always did, asking the reason for the hope that is To the homesick and lonely it says: in us, and we can say we have sancti- fied Christ in our hearts as Lord. For "Come unto me, all ye that labor and what the world is looking for now is not so much some new philosophy of are heavy laden, and I will give you religion, but typical personalities whose experience explains the vitality rest." of the Christian faith.

The Bible deals with humanity on a HARRIS E. KIRK.

world scale. The religion it offers cannot be tethered to an age or a climate or a culture or a civilization.

It does not deal with tribal deities.

It is true there is something in the Vedas and the Upanishads, and the Koran, that matches the hoary East.

But there is a spaciousness about the Bible that knows no East nor West, that matches humanity. It speaks with a universal accent. It stirs moods that are racial. It offers God and all that He can give to all people. There is something in its truths that speaks with the same winsomeness of appeal to the people of all ages and all lands.

It was the message the first century needed. It is the message the twen- tieth century needs. And it will be just as much the message men will need twenty centuries hence. It is the message of life. And life is the mes- sage for all people. When men cease to care for life the Bible will be out of date. JAMES I. VANCE.

fTHODS fOR WORKf4

EDITED BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK RESEAROH WORK ON INDIA FOR 15. To exchange gifts and informa- BOYS AND GIRLS tion with Indian boys and girls.

Our boys and girls of from ten to 16. To learn a poem written by an fifteen years of age in practically all of Indian poet. our public schools are accustomed to doing research work. As missionary 17. To learn a hymn written by an workers among children is it possible Indian.

18. To help give the Bible to India.

that we have been less wise than day- Facts Concerning the Following school teachers ? We have found the following research topics delightfully 1. Rajahs and maharajahs. acceptable and profitable for this age 2. Bravery of Indian soldiers during. group. These are on India; other the World War. countries may be treated in the same 3. A great Indian Christian poet. fashion. Discussion should be made 4. A doctor who has restored sight easy so that all information tucked to 100,000 persons in India. away in the mind of everyone present 5. The recent discovery in India may become the possession of all. of the remains of towns nearly 5,000 years old. This set of topics was largely pro- 6. The caste system in India. duced by Master Edwin Harper, of 7. The sacred cow in India. Moga, India. 8. Some famous missionaries to In- How to Do the Following dia. 9. About boys and girls who go to 1. Make clay dishes by the method used in India. school and about those who do not. 10. About home life in Hindu fam- 2. Make baskets by the method used in India. ilies. 11. About the good beliefs in the re- 3. Make scarfs of tie and dye work. 4. Make curtains of block-printing. ligions of India. 5. Make bread. 12. The voyage to India. 13. The jungle elephants, tigers, 6. Spin thread. cobras, monkeys.

7. To play some of the musical in- 14. How immigration laws affect struments of India. Indians in America.

8. To say something in one of the 15. Boy Scouts in India.

languages of India. 16. Some English words that come 9. To make a model of a village in from the Hindustani language.

India. 1'7. Some thrilling adventures of 10. To dress up in costume of In- missionaries.

dian boys and girls. 18. Travel in India.

11. Do magician's tricks. 19. The climate and scenery of In- 12. Design rugs, borders, etc., in dia.

Indian designs. 20. The courtesy of India.

13. To do something for handi- 21. The health of India; the hunger capped Indian boys and girls. of India.

14. To play the games of Indian 22. The languages of India.

boys and girls. 23. India's need of Christ.

205

MISSIONARY EDUCATION IN THE stacie in the way of any friendliness if we but enlist his sympathy and ap- HOME preciation.

By MRS. OZORA S. DAVIS But international friendship, like all other friendship, must be built upon The above title seems a simple one, knowledge. To be a friend of anyone and yet it is really rather inadequate. we must first know something about Our religious vocabulary J.s under- that person. So we need to find stories going a subtle change in the last few which shall make these children of years and especially that portion of other lands real, and we are fortunate it which has to do with Christian serv- in this generation in that we haVEr atice in foreign lands. We prefer the tractive picture books made for this words "world friendship" or "inter- particular purpose and as appealing national mindedness" to the words with their pictures as any other books "missions" and "missionary." "Hea- designed for five and six year olds. then" is gone altogether from Congre- There are "Kembo," "A Little Girl of gational circles, and even such a re- Africa," "Ah Fu," "A Chinese River liable term as "education" does not Boy," and "The Three Camels," by quite express the process with which Miss Newell and Miss Woods. "The we are dealing in this article-at least, World in a Barn," is an attractive volas it is conceived by many people. ume prepared by Gertrude C. Warner. Mary Entwistle, an English writer, is Words are ,very difficult things to the author of a number of missionary manage sometimes, restless things and books for children-"Friends of Ours," elusive as sunlight dancing on a wall. "Boys and Girls," and "Friendly Beasts," "The Book of Other Babies," Religion cannot be obtained in the "Little Children of Mission Lands," last analysis by teaching, any more and "The Book of a Chinese Baby." than love can be taught. Friendship, F·or children of Junior age there are international as well as individual, can- such stories as "Habeab," and "Boys not be drilled into any child by rote, and Girls in Other Lands," by Mary and yet there must be a foundation of T. Whilley, and "Two Young Arabs," ordinary instruction if it is to be sane- by Amy E. Zwemer. The little publilyordered. cation, "Here and There Stories," at 50 cents a year has not been surpassed, Perhaps this may be made clearer by and the same department puts out a an illustration. Last summer there was booklet for mothers. many a fire laid in a little cottage in the woods of New England. The wood As the teen age approaches it is a was placed, sometimes like a log house, great thing for the young people to be one tier above another, and then when introduced to some of our great relithat had been done the match was gious leaders both in our own land and touched to the bit of birch bark and in other countries. This is an age when the slender kindlings beneath, and the we are fully awake to the value of fire blazed high. So in the religious biography. Among these books I may education of a child there must be first suggest: "Ann of Ave," by Ethel the bit of joy through story or game, Daniels Hubbard, "Livingstone, the then the building up of information, Pathfinder," by Basil Matthews, "The one tier above another, but something White Queen of Okoyong," by W. P. more is still necessary-the flame. Livingstone, "Frank Higgens," "Trail Blazer," by Thomas Whitles, "Brother We have always one great asset Van," a worker in the lumber region, with which to begin, the wonderful by Stella Brummitt, and the "Land of gift of imagination. To a little child All Nations," eight fascinating stories the universe is open. It lies all around by foreigners who have come to Our him with no pathway closed by this or land and made good. that past action or prejudice. What an opportunity is ours then to lead the interest of the child down this or that opening trail! There is no ob-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

For the mother who gives herself in growth in our religious life, even more hours of play and unselfish activity vital and more endless than in the in- with her children there are many ways tellectual realm. Yet how many of us in which the child's interest may be are equally anxious that our children directed toward this friendship for should not be stunted at any point in children of the "far away lands." Map- their spiritual development? Surely making with pulp made from news- one most obvious line of the growth of papers, or with sand, makes the distant the spirit is that love which fashions world real in the home nursery. Pic- all our human relationships. Is this ture puzzles may be made from some love of ours to be bounded by the fam- of the beautiful pictures which appear ily circle, or is it to grow with the in the Missionary Herald or other pub- years until in due season it reaches lications. A little library of scrap- out in genuine interest to all that con- books with pictures of different coun- cerns mankind 7 The way in which tries and strange people and animals that question will be answered depends is cherished by the child. Then there upon ourselves as parents-not upon are things which may be made to send what we say, or even wholly upon what away, doUs to be dressed, tops, scrap- we do, but upon what we are.

books, Christmas tree decorations, and But the law of love is that it can postcards with something pasted over never be confined. It must ever find the writing. an outlet. Susan Blow says: A few books 'for parents who are in- Love grows with being spent, terested in reading along these lines But starves in its own plenty pent. are: "A Social Theory of Religious Education," by George Albert Coe, That is a tremendous thing to learn, Charles Scribners Sons, N. Y,; "Train- and there is no other laboratory where ing World Christians," by Gilbert it can be practised during the early Loveland, Methodist Book Concern, N. years as it can be in the home. This is Y.; "Psychology of the School Child," the very essence of missionary educa- by Bird T. Baldwin and Lorle I. Stet- tion. Here the child's question about cher, Appleton & Co., N. Y.; "Child- the meaning of the universe must be hood and Character," by Hugh Hart- answered and all his first efforts to shane, Pilgrim Press, Boston; The relate himself to the world of the spirit Essay on Child's Play in "Virginibus must take place.

Puerisque," by Robert Louis Steven- J. H. Oldham in his book, "Chris- son, Scribners, N. Y. tianity and the Race Problem," says, But now to turn to the reality be- "Nothing will contribute more to the hind all this, for suggestions as to improvement of racial relations than reading and doing ar~ after all, very the influence, largely unconscious, of insignificant compared with that man- individual men and women who diffuse ner of thinking which a child absorbs a spirit of fairmindedness, goodwill from the attitude of his home. How and friendliness, because they have does the family circle think-in terms lived in secret with divine truth, beau- of its own private interests, in terms ty and goodness. Such personalities of national affairs, or does it reach out are a creative force. Those who have into the international realm of this in mind will find in the casual con- thought 7 What do its members read tacts of daily life plentiful occasions when they take up the daily papers, for its expression. A smile of sym- the murder and divorce cases, the last pathy, a kindly word, an act of cour- information from the capitol at Wash- tesy to a stranger of another race may ington or from the League of Nations 7 accomplish more than we dream. The What do they talk about at the dinner relations between races are determined table? What do they really care about 7 not by the actions of governments What do they pray about 7 alone but by the personal contacts of There is endless opportunity for multitudes of individuals . . . In

these passing incidents of the daily rels, took charge of the mite boxes, and round the Christian spirit has the op- entertained visiting missionaries. She portunity of manifesting its creative had always been· at the head of the character." church mis·sionary society, was always ready to respond when funds were How do we make up the family needed to educate a Hindu orphan or budget and do the children have any a Southern mountaineer. She talked knowledge of it? Is a due proportion very feelingly of the "poor benighted for the needs of .others included? Do heathen" : and frequently expressed the children know about these objects ber belief as to her duty toward those to which we give? Are we ourselves "brothers and sisters still living in interested in them? Do we enjoy our outer darkness." giving, and do the children have an opportunity to share that joy? Or is For her lovely little daughter Muriel, it merely a dull duty? Are they al- she craved no more gl.orious career lowed to give a part and do we help than that of a missionary in the darkthem to picture in imagination what est corner of the earth. Muriel was at becomes of their dollars? That is mis- this time nine years of age, fairsionary education in the home. haired, blue-eyed, delicate, and spirit- ual. Probably there are some people of foreign birth in our town or city. What Now Mrs. Hancock had never seen is the attitude of the family toward a heathen, or a Southern Mountaineer. them-the Italian ashman, the J apa- Her home was, and always had been nese cook, the Negr.o porter, the Chi- in a small New England town, shelnese laundryman, the Polish road- tered by mountains and hemmed in by builder? Are they "dagoes," and "po- conservatism. Theoretically she knew lacks," and "niggers," and "chinks," everything about rescuing the perishor are they men indeed, our very ing; practically, she knew nothing. brothers in the sight of God? The However, the heathen were very vivid whole subject grows more difficult as to Mary Hancock; and always she picwe approach our own neighborhood. tured them as being led to the light But this is missionary education in the by her daughter Muriel. She could home. close her eyes and see a vast crowd of dusky, kneeling figures with rapt Are you looking for one of the most eager faces turned toward the delicate, effective home. missionary stories ever saint-like, radiant face of 'Muriel, clad wrUten? Well, here it is, adapted for in flowing robes of white with an open use by Mrs. Georgia McAdams Clifford, book, and with an uplif,ted, beckoning President of the American Association hand. Yes, it was easy to picture of Story Tellers. It is a gift from Mrs. Muriel among the heathen. Clifford to the MISSIONARY REVIEW Methods. Muriel never missed a missionary meeting. She even went to the con- Be sure to select the very best talent ferences in the neighboring towns. It your town affords for the telling of was part of her training, you see. One it at one of your early meetings. very warm afternoon Mrs. Hancock and Muriel returned from a four days' THE TRAINING OF MISSIONARY missionary conference in a neighbor- ing town, to find the long vacant house MARY next to their home occupied. She won- dered who would be her new neigh- By ELEANOR PORTER bors. As she stepped out of the cab and ·stamed up the walk, she paused. RC(lITUHgcd 10'1' telling bV G. M. O. On her front steps sat a barefooted, dirty, ragged little girl eating peanuts. No one in the church was more en- On the ground at the little girl's feet tirely devoted to missions than Mary sprawled a boy, a little younger, a Hancock. In fact, someone had dubbed her "Mi·ssionary Mary." She it was who always packed the missionary bar-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

little dirtier. Under the apple tree, ticed, at ten she sewed, and at eleven 110t far away, was a man, a woman and she played. That is, she took her two children, one a child of perhaps dolls and picture book out into the about two years of age, the other a gal'den and placed them sedately in small baby in his arms. Instinctively the summer house. Today she did not Mary Hancock thrust Muriel half be- play house with her dolls as usual, for hind her. "Why, how-who-what in the neighboring yard two girls and does this mean?" she demanded. three boys were playing. The moment The boy scurried behind a syringa the children saw her they ran to the bush. The girl almost fell down the steps, dropping the peanuts as she went. The man jumped to his feet almost dropping the baby. He re- moved his cap and bowed very low be- fore her. His brow l'evealed two daz- zling rows of teeth. "You live-a here '!"

he asked. .

"I do."

"We, too, live-a here," pointing to the house next door.

Mary Hancock almost screamed, "You, you live there?"

"Si-yes, Signora, in dees house. We come-a two, t'ree, four day away. We are-what you say-a? da neighbors.

Si-yes 1"

Mrs. Hancock looked wildly about her. "Muriel, come, let us go into the house, at once." From behind the half closed blinds Mary Hancock watched her neighbors slowly wend their way from her beautifully kept yard to their unkept one. Then she hastily pulled down all the shades.

That night at the dinner table she sought an explanation from her hus- MRR. Cr.IF~'ORD TELLING HER GRAND- band. "William, what does it mean- SON HIS FIRST STORY those dreadful people in the old Den- net house? Who are they 1" summer garden in Muriel's back yard.

"Italians," said William, "Cosetti, "Hello," said one of the girls.

is the name. They came here to work "How do you do," said Muriel. Of in the foundry." course, she was never allowed to say, "William, you don't mean they are "Hello."

going to live there?" "Come on over and play."

"Looks like it." That was a very ·simple matter and "But William, they are . . ." Sud- in a moment Muriel was in the neigh- denly, realizing that Muriel was listen- bor's yard, something she had never ing, she stopped. done before. Such wonderful beings The next morning at eleven o'clock, they were. They played the most fas- Muriel went out into the yard to play. cinating games, Presently she heard, Muriel never went out to play until "Muriel, Muriel, come here to mother, eleven o'clock. Mary Hancock believed at once!" Of course, Muriel came.

in system, and she had system for "Why my poor little daughter, how Muriel. At seven ·she rose; at eight did it happen ?"

she wiped the dishes, at nine she prac- "How did what happen, mother?"

4

"How did you happen to go over in told them 1 couldn't come over in their their yard?" yard, so they all came over here, we are having a lovely time." "1 just went and they are perfectly "I am sorry, Muriel, but it is time lovely, mother. They are so much for you to come in now. Yes, at once. nicer than dolls. Mother they are won- You must have your bath before derful!" luncheon."

The cautious mother of an only child That night as Mary Hancock was fell back in dismay. "But Muriel, I putting Muriel to bed and hearing her can't let you." prayers, she told her not to invite the children again. She gave no reason "Mother," said the eager little voice except that mother thinks best. Muriel again, "there is the dearest little tiny was grieved and keenly disappointed, girl, she is so much more fun than a but she obeyed, for the next day when dolt. They know the cutest games. If Mary Hancock looked out and sawall I practice well, may I go back this the children in her yard as usual, she afternoon ?" called "Muriel, what did mother say?"

"Of course not, my daughter; of "You said not to invite them, moth- er, but weren't they dear, they came course not, don't mention it." without being invited." The next morning Muriel went out That night Mary Hancock appealed as u·sual at eleven O'clock, carrying her to her husband. "William, something dolls to the summer house. At eleven- must be done about those unspeakable thirty Mary Hancock looked out the Italians." window. There. in her own back yard were the new neighbors-Muriel sit- "What is the matter with them? ting in their midst. She hurried to the They seem a good natured lot." door. But before she had a chance to speak Muriel said, "Oh, here is moth- "Good natured, William! This afterer; now come, mother, and be intro- noon I went to their back yard, and duced." Now Mary Hancock had spent would you believe me, six children, so much time teaching Muriel what to mother, and father and four boarders do when she was introduced and she are living in that house. William, do knew that she must set the example. you want your child to associate with There was nothing else to do. Muriel's children like that?" eager little voice went on: "This is Carlotta Cosetti, and this is Rosina "Well," said William, "Is there any Cosetti, and this is Clementina Cosetti, harm? Just don't let her play with and this is Christopher- Cosetti, and them if you don't approve." this is Valentia Cosetti, and this is the baby Angelica Cosetti." There was a "I'm sure I don't know what to do moment's pause. for Muriel is completely fascinated with them. She's never touched one On Muriel's face was a look of con- of her dolls since she's seen that Italfident expectancy; and Mary Hancock ian baby. I'll have to keep her in the knew that she was expected to take house." each new neighbor by the hand in cordial welcome as Muriel had been Just how the matter would have taught to do in acknowledgment of worked out is a question if Mrs. Hanintroduction. "How-how do you do?" cock had not been summoned to her She stammered. She was hoping to mother's bedside the next day. It was escape the hand shaking. But the in- necessary to ask Aunt Jane, Mr. Hansistent voice of little Muriel said, cock's sister to stay with Muriel and "Shake hands with the lady, Valentino, keep the house while Mary was away. shake hands. This is the way to learn Her absence was prolonged from days to be polite, you see." Six dirty little to weeks and from weeks to a month. hands were presented and Mary Han- The aged mother had grown worse cock was forced to shake them all. and it was necessary for Mary Han- cock to remain. One day she received "You see, mother," said Muriel, "I a letter from Jane.

METHODS FOR WORKERS

"I am sorry," she wrote, " to trouble sorry but I had to tell you. Lovingly, you, but matters have gone utterly be- Jane."

yond my control. It is about Muriel. With shaking fingers Mary Han- Don't worry, she is perfectly happy, cock folded the letter. Her eyes were too happy, in fact. When I first came wet, yet frightened. Before them I had no trouble, Muriel >stayed quietly danced old time visions, a group of in the house playing with her dolls. dusky, kneeling figures, with faces She actually looked lonely and home- turned toward the saint-like, radiant sick and I felt sorry· for the little face of Muriel, clad in flowing robes of thing. white and with uplifted, beckoning "Then, one day came a ·sudden and hand. And then came the reality-no most marvelous change. Muriel had dusky, kneeling throng, no unap- gone home after Sunday School and I proachable aloofness, but a swarm of had stayed to church. When I opened dirty, lively little Italian children be- the front door, the house seemed filled ing washed in her bath tub. "It shall with wild screams of delight, which not be," said Mary Hancock. "I shall sent me in haste to the bath room. write to Muriel tonight."

There, I found Muriel and the two But she did not wdte that night, for youngest Cosetti children. 'What in the invalid mother passed away, and the world,' I called. 'Auntie,' called for many days her heart and hands Muriel, 'what do you think? They are were full. At last she went home, home the heathen, why didn't I know it be- to Muriel. Her husband was with her.

fore? They are regular heathen. On He had come for the funeral. At the the way home from Sunday School I home station they found everyone in walked behind two men, one of them wild confusion. There had come a said, "Isn't it too bad that heathen sudden smallpox scare, and many were Italian family moved into this neigh- reported to be ill, and among them was borhood?" Isn't it wonderful, Auntie, Muriel.

I don't have to go away from home to The frightened mother and father take care of the heathen, I can do it fairly ran up the hill toward the little right here.' house.

"'But Muriel,' I said, 'Mother has At the door they met Aunt Jane, said you were not to play with the "Don't worry," she said. "It is all Cosetti children.' right, it is no smallpox, only chicken "'I'm not playing with them. I'm pox. The doctor says she'll be all right being a missionary to them. Being soon. But I don't know whatever I clean is next to being good, and that is would have done but for them. They what a missionary is for. I have used would have taken Muriel to the pest the very nicest soap on them, and house; if it hadn't been for them."

mother's nicest wash cloths and moth- By "them" she meant Mr. and Mrs.

er's ·best perfumery. I don't have to Cosetti, standing bashfully in the hall- grow up to be a missionary, I've start- way. "No one would come near me,"

ed missionaring already.' went on Aunt Jane. "Everyone was so "I'm sure, Mary, I don't know what frightened, and the officers came to to do, she is so serious about it. All take Muriel to the pest house and the day long she teaches those children Cosetti family saw them and came in what to eat, and what to wear and how and Mrs. Cosetti has never left me to shake hands and to wash behind ,since."

their ears. She teaches them to sing, "It ees notting," said the little Ital- and pray and she's taught them to ian woman softly. "It ees glad that salute the flag. What shall I do? Shall I am to be the help."

I let it go on? On the other hand, can Mary Hancock noticed how smooth I stop it without shattering . . . Well, her hair was and how clean her breast.

for some reason I feel that I don't "Da lettle garl-she be so good to want to be the one to shatter it. I'm us, Signora," beamed the man. "She

teach-a da song of dees countree– smoke and the acid which the mill- 'Sweet Lan 0' Libertee.' We love-a da smoke contains. A community, also, song. We love-a da countree. We love- in which little activity is provided for a da lettle gar!." young people.

"It ees like this," said the woman, Every Tuesday night for four weeks "Da leetle girl we loves her so well. She an intermediate group of young folks is ·so good! She teech-a us so much. met to make paper roses. Some love:y In my own country, I hear a story like products resulted. These were placed this. A marble woman, a beautiful in a basket and on each stem was faswoman-what you call it1-was put tened the name of each person who up where all peoples who look want to would contribute twenty-five cents to be beautiful also-yes. They corned the treasury of the missionary s02iety. and looked and looked and looked and The basket of roses was pre-sented 2S by and by they made smooth their hair a birthday gift to an invalid of the and made clean their clothes, and their congregation, whom everyone loved tefaces, so to be like her-beautiful, you cause of her sweet, patient spirit. She know. And so it i·s now. And so it is especially appreciated the names of now, this lettle girl-what you call her? the donors and the thought of the Muriel ?-she ees our marble woman. group of young people. My lettle girls wear now the hair ribbon to tie their hair. They keep clean Why not try the plan in your town their faces and behind the ears and or church? they read-a da book, and they don't play the noise on Sunday. So you see, VITALIZING THE TREASURER'S she teech-a me too. She teach-a me to MONTHLY REPORT shake-a da hand and to be polite. And I teach-a you my lady, I long know this By MRS. MINETTE H. OSBORNE, skkness, little red things on the face Erie, Pa. and my man he keep-a da child 'ell, and cook-a da food and I stay here and The receipts in a socie'y mry be teech-a you how to make theskkness visualized by a large pester shewing go away from our little girl. Oh, she a hcuse with the number of doers and so sweet to teach-a me, 'My Ccuntry windows representing special funes· 'Tis.' She make-a me love America. [Cnd pIdges for epecifi:: werk. When She make-a my children gO::Jd, and me dues ar<:! all paid, the deers in f~cnt I make-a her well." open showing a golden baekground. When special pledges are all in hand There was a moment's p:lUse. Then the windows epen showing little picimpulsively Mary Hanco.k stretched tures of the worker supported cr the out a hand to each. "Thank yon," she school or other project. The whc~e whispered, "thank you, I am fortunate he use is roofed l:y shingles r~prcsUit­ in having such good r..eighbcrs." ing the extension members who have paid. This device will prove effective BEGINNING AT HOME in promoting the payment of pledges.

By MRS. P. H. AUSTIN UNINTERESTED HUSBANDS This method is original and worked By MRS. N. W. NOLEN, Pittsbu;gh splendidly in one locality. It renders a threefold service: first, it gives Instead of the morning paper on the young people something to do in the breakfast table, place there an attrachome tcwn; second, it brings cheer b tive missionary leaflet. Only one at a the invalid whom it is .go easy to for- time and near the husband's plate. Seget; third, it increases the income of lect one which has on it the picture the young people's circle. This plan of a missionary or a native worker. was carried out in a dirty, grimy, Create interest by first creating curirailroad and mill town where prac- osity. Mr. Nolen was won to the mistically no flowers grow because of the sionary cause by this method and is now an ardent supporter of his wife's missionary interests, both at home and abroad.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QnNLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York, and FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Executive Secreta1'ies of the Council of Women for Home Missions and Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America COMMUNION OF THE SAINTS much wider. Now we understand that From Tonder, Denmark, came a let- women on the other side of the globe ter last April which said: "From Miss have thought the same thoughts and D., d Oslo, Norway, I received infor- realized them and we are glad to unite mation of the World Day of Prayer with you in prayer."

some few days before its arrival. We Appeal to All Christian Women were both very glad to be able to take part in it. I have met the thought of na~f~ll; ,~~;"e;~'~o )'f;l:;~ld~gi'1l l:ill s;:::.~s ~,t1~i~ it once before in the beautiful book ,,·orW. Th,',' ,I ill not know of the World Day by Mary Schauffler Platt, "A Straight of Prayer until last )Iarch.

Way Toward Tomorrow." In the Fore- Do we not feel today, Christian word it is said, "With a World Day of womel}, that we should join in prayer Prayer, a C()mmittee on Christian for all who strive in behalf of awaking Literature fer Women and Children, womanhood the world over?

and now the possibility of United A large number of women in all Study Throughout the World we are parts of the world are today trying to coming into a spiritual federation of shake off the bondage imposed by sin.

the Ch:istian women of the world for We, Christian women, find deliverance which we have longed and prayed." in JCS1.:S Christ. Does that not mean a Till one month ago I did net know great responsibility? This freedom more about the World Day of Prayer. that milliens cf pagan and Moslem I had some few days to infer:n s;)me 70men ar Jent:y seek has been granted of my friends in Denm~rk and Ger- to I,S Chris:ians by Jesus Christ. To many, :md I am -sure that they have depenJ on Gad alone is the only and als:) taI.cn part in it . . . tho true liberty, for in Jesu-g Christ «It is not so .that VIe women all over there exists no distinction between thc ea th ar3 connected in prayer in man and woman (Gal. 3: 28); Jesus ()ne moment. But I am so glad to think Christ wished to reveal His life in that if we al'() faithful in this prayer women [S in men, quite independently over thc whole earth, then the prayer of the sex (Gal. 2: 20). As Christian is constant,y advancing ever the e:trth, YiOmen, we need to examine ourselves, <,TId alway::; in tr.e foctsteps of the sun. whether Jesus Christ really lives in "Fer Miss D. and for me it was us (2 Cor. 13: 5), and then assume re- quite strange to read the subjects for sponsibility for making known to all prayer for a whcle week written by the those of our sisters, neal' or far, who young Philippine woman and the Call have not realized the truth, that inde- to Prayer addressed to women over pendence comes from Jesus Christ, and the whole earth. We have for four that it is a blessing, accorded to us years been united in prayer for the from His hand, to be used in His need of women over the whole earth; spirit and in His name.

two years ago we arranged the fol- Let us then join in prayer, asking lowing prayer sheet and one year ago God for the necessary guidance to the following letter to our sisters all serve as a help to all Christian women over the world. It has been spread to who stand hesitating at a parting of friends all over but we wanted to reach the ways. Ask God that He show us 213

that which we are called to be, as May God permit us to serve Him, man's companion in the home, and as and even to suffer, if that be His will. members of different groups or congregations. Ask Him to sanctify the wom- Cycle of Prayer an movement in the various parts of the world. Ask that He deign to as- Arranged and distributt'd by some Scaudi~ sist our sisters in the day when they nil vian women three ;ycars ago. break their chains, in order that each one of them may recognize in the pres- Monday ence of God the full extent of her freedom. Ask Him also to teach them to "Our Father who art in heaven; halreceive and to use that grace, in order lowed be thy name." We pray Thee also that we may be worthy of His bless- for ourselves, women in all parts of the ing in the establishing of His King- earth. Thou who hast created us acdom on this earth. cording to Thy image, recreate us through Thy power according to Thy Prayer in fellowship is one of His original idea. Give us a pure heart and very great blessings, and Jesus Christ renew in us a right spirit. Mat. 5: 8; has thereto given a promise (Mat. 18: John 3: 2-3; Mat. 6; 9-13; Gen. 1; 27; 19). Jesus Christ grants equally His Ps. 51; 12. attention to those who unitedly address themselves in prayer to Him and (Prayer for the woman movement in those who pray alone, each one in her the old world and for the other parts of sanctuary. Fellowship in prayer forti- the world where women are beginning to fies us and leads us to a communion awaken.) with the Holy Spirit. (2 Cor. 13: 13). In order to reach all those who are in Tuesday accord with us, we have prepared a cycle of prayer. The different topics "Thy Kingdom come" includes us in in this prayer have been arranged ac- the ranks of those who spread the glad cording to the days of the week and news of the victory of Jesus Christ on are based upon the prayer of Jesus Calvary. Send us, like Mary Magdalene, Christ to His Father. They are to our brothers and sisters to carry to grouped in such a way that the request them the news of the resurrection and for daily bread and for the Bread of ascension of our Lord. Mat. 5; 4; 2 Cor. Life comes on Thursday, the day when 7; 10; 2 Cor. 6; 10; Ps. 68; 10-12; John our Lord instituted His Supper, and 20; 17-18; 1 Cor. 1; 27-29. the prayer for remission of sins on Friday, the day of Calvary. So we be- (Prayer for all feminine spiritual gin this prayer on Monday and con- work; for women missionaries and those tinue to Sunday, the day when we who lead youth; for the Young Women's praise God for all his blessings and all Christian Association.) His gifts. Wednesday It is well to realize that the ideas set forth in this letter are being born "Thy will be done on earth as it is in at the same time in other countries heaven." Admit us women also to the and that a great number of people al- service for which Thou hast prepared ready share them. It goes without us, so that we may go forward. Whether saying that the fellowship of Chris- these good works be small or great, pertian women will be closer if we learn mit us, through Thy enabling to receive to know all the literature which treats all the abundance of Thy blessing in of the question of women and which order to accomplish Thy holy will in tells of the struggle in different places everything. Mat. 5: 3; Mat. 11; ~5; for the acquisition of this independ- Eph. 2: 10; 2 Cor. 9: 8; Rom. 12: 2; ence and the most certain means of Luke 1: 38.

attaining it. (Prayer for girls' schoDls, and the education of women.) Thursday "Give us this day our daily bread," food for our bodies and for our souls. Make us in our households worthy of the bread which thou hast given, but may each, whether at home or abroad, demon- strate that we live not by bread alone. but by every word which proceedeth out of the mouth of God. Revive us with the Bread of Life. Mat. 5; 6; Luke 6; 21-23; 1 Cor. 4: 2; Mat. 4; 4; John 6; 27, 35, 51-58.

(Prayer for the work of women in the home and for their married 'wel- fare.)

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

Friday have suggestions for the variety · of "Call" in future. You will note that "Forgive us our sins, as we also for- this year it has not included.a daily give those who have trespassed against · cycle. (See December REVIEW.) us." We give Thee thanks for having redeemed the world by the coming of Jesus Let .us all remember to pray for Christ. Make us to be ministers of this peace daily at the noon hour, as desigreconciliation. that we may be Thy serv- nated several years ago; and we shall ants on this earth. Mat. 5: 9-10; J as. not forget our appointment at sunset 3: 18; Mat. 6: 14-15; Mat. 5: 44-48; each Sabbath when we follow the out- Mat. 18: 21-35; 2 Cor. 5: 18-20. line prepared by our friend in the Netherlands until the next World Day (Prayer for the work of women and of Prayer, February 12, 1932. for the establishing on earth of peace, regardless of race, nation, class or sex.) Saturday "Lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil." Humble us by the thought that sin entered this world through woman. Help us that we shall not be a temptation for man, but in truth a "helpmate." Destroy all the works of the devil in us and around us, and give to us the glorious liberty of the children of God. Mat. 5: 5; 1 Cor. 13; Eph. 4: 1-3; Gen. 2: 18; Gen. 3: 12; 1 John 3: 8; John 8: 36, 32; Rom. 8: 2l.

(Prayer for the work in common of me~ and women outside the home.) Sunday Praising Thee for the peace which RENDERING THANKS Thou hast given us through the grace of our Lord, Jesus Christ, the love of God The Bulletin in the January issue of and the communion of the Holy Spirit, the REVIEW contained a couple of parawe place in Thy keeping ourselves and graphs about the attractive poster for all that are dear to us. "For thine is the World Day of Prayer and Mr. the kingdom, the power and the glory Frank R. Southard, the artist who for ever and ever." Mat. 5: 7; Mat. 25: made it. By chance, the same Issue 34-46; 2 Cor. 1: 3-4; 2 Cor. 13: 13; ·had as frontispiece the mural he John 4: 10-11; Mat. 6: 25-34; Mat. 11: painted ,for the North American Home 28; Rom. 8: 28; Isa. 63: 9; 2 Tim. 1: Missions Congress held last December. 12; Rom. 15: 13. The January article evidenced plainly ·the IIpirit of service in which his work (Prayer for all good works by women; is done and the spiritual atmosphere for those isolated and lonely; for an that surrounded the production of the awakening and a revival.) poster. It is a very real pleasure to let our readers see Mr. Southard. Doubtless there are many who will be glad to join with our sisters in Den- Mr. G. Marston Lord has had charge mark and Norway in this daily cycle of printing most of the World Day of prayer. If women in other countries of Prayer material since the first unihave been circulating prayer ideas will fiedobservance in 1920. The writer you not send them to the Federation has had business relationship with him or Council, that they may be ,shared for twenty years and has greatly val- ued his splendid cooperation, painswith the wider circle? taking care, constructive suggestions and general friendliness, and 80 with Have you suggestions for future grateful appreciation he also is introthemes for the World Day of Prayer, ·duced. or authors in other countries, for either the Program or the "Call to Frequently users take for granted Prayer"? .Korea, the Philippines, the finished products and forget those Netherlands, Canada, and the United States have been represented; next year India will give us the Program and Mexico the "Call." Perhaps you

whose work has wrought them. We woman should, with God, see all parts eat the peas, beans, corn and tomatoes as essential, though she might be a without a thought for the migrant worker on one part of the pattern. who picked them or placed them in the cans. We read the leaflet, and while Those days have passed. With wom- the author and organization official an's entrance into citizenship she has may be in mind, the editor, draughts- a greatly enlarged freedom, vision and man, compositor, printer, the stenog- opportunity. The church society of rapher, sales clerk, wrapper, postman other days does not satisfy. It does are unnoticed cogs in the machinery not claim the interest of all the women of production and delivery. with their differing tastes. Today's task is too big for small groups with At our next meeting shall we not a vision limited to one aspect. As for a few moments meditate upon Frances Willard says, "One-sided ad- what the World Day of Prayer means vocates make a one-sided movement." to us who share in its inspiration, and ask God to bless those whose handi- From these considerations has work-often monotonous and tiring- grown in many churches a Woman's has made this possible for us. They Union with departments, where the have sown seed in personal discom- program is a whole, with each woman ;fort and drudgery; we have gathered interested in all and all women inter- 'hiscious fruit of fellowship. "Lord ested in each. God of Hosts", be with us yet, lest we forget, lest we forget!" What Are the Advantages of a Wom- an's Union? FLORENCE E. QUINLAN. In our busy life it simplifies effort TO WOMEN'S CHURCH SOCIETIES by calling for but one set of officers, and one day of meeting, though a de- By MRS. E. TALLMADGE ROOT partment may have special meetings if occasion arises. Reprin ted by permission from J nne ::1930 Pa.cts a·ltd Factor8~ published by the Mas- It is a Union which expects all its sacilusetts Federation of Chnrchf's and Council members present on its day of meeting, of ReligiouB Education. "The ~l"oman's Com· and all have the benefit of the promittee of the Massachusetts Federation of gram, be it Missionary, Social Service, Churches bas undertaken as its most serious or Citizenship. task this year the study of organized woman's work in the local church." This committee What Are the Advantages of consists of wome-n of' twelve denominations. Departments ? Other areas might profit by similar intensive study. and contribute further suggestions and methods.

DEAR PRESIDENT: They enlist more women because they give a variety of interests. I think we will all agree, in the beginning, that the object of the Wom- They give a more complete picture an's Church Society is the stimulation of God's plan for building the kingof effort for the local church, and for dom. the Kingdom of God in general. For many years two lines have been em- They increase the activities and inphasized-local church needs and mis- terests of the whole church because of sions-and according as the women the larger vision introduced. of a church favored one or the other of these lines they gathered in groups What Departments Are Needed to further their respective ends. This Today? grouping raised barriers of thought till it was often said, "some of our Devotional, because on the prayer women are interested only in our life and spiritual vi,sion depends the church, and some are interested only vigorous life of the Union. This is in missions," forgetting that God's the department which should deepen plan for His Kingdom is a whole and the spiritual life of the women of the not a patch-work plan, and that each church.

Home Church, because the Wom- an's Church Society is really the moth-

er of the church, and, like eyery gcod perceptio;1 w,;s a never failing source mother, must be a housekeeper, ne3:llc- cf strength and conldence. Out of a woman, and creator of right social life, rich expe' ience cf personal relations in visitation, family gatherings and and denominational work she made a recreation. valud!e ccntribution to interdenomi- Missionary, because there is a great nationul associations and to conferunfinished task in the world, and no ences en peace and law enforceIT.(nt.

woman can slacken her efforts till J e- Mrs. McDowell has held many posi- sus' Gospel of healing, teaching and tions of importance in chur~h cl'gani- preaching is carried to every corner zations. She was President cf the of the earth. This department is set Women's Foreign Missicnary Sodety for education, prayer and gifts. of the Methodist Episccpal Church Social Relations, because it is nec- from 1908 to 1921.

essary as Christian women to feel our One of her great interests was cen- oneness with the unfortunate in our tered in the training and leadership of own community, with our sisters in Nationals, and her cwn Society hon- industry, with our world through in- ored her on her retirement in 1921 by ternational relations, with all the fam- establishing the Clotilda Lyon Mc- ily of God through race relations. Dowell Fellowship Fund. More than This department has a most fascinat- thirty young women of other lands ing program of education and friend- have, through this fund, enjoyed the ly contact with community, industry, privilege of graduate study in this internationalism, and racial groups. country, Through them her ideals of Citizenship, because the 19th life and service are entering into the Amendment has made it a Christian building of new civilizations. obligation to register and vote intelligently and conscientously. This de- The beauty of her face, and the ra- diance of her personality will long be partment should keep the women a happy memory and inspiration to informed of moral and welfare issues the lives of those who knew lVII's. Mcand legislation that they may cooper- Dowell.

ate for law observance and protection of society. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MEMBERS Under these departments may be Too few persons carry the burden of grouped other interests as the local the church program in many churches. needs demand. For the sake of the spiritual develop- . MRS. WILLIAM FRASER ment of the members, as well as in the McDOWELL interest of a fair distribution of work, as many as possible of the membership Clotilda LYon McDowell, wife of ought to be assigned to deiinite tasks.

Bishop McDowell, passed away sud- An illustration of the situation fre- denly at her home in Washington, quently met with is seen in a tabula- D. C., December 27, 1930, and was tion covering 12 city churches with a laid to rest on the last day of the old total resident enrollment of 2,877. It year in Delaware, Ohio, where her col- was found that 2,182 of these members lege days were spent in Ohio Wesleyan had no task whatever for which they University. were responsible in the work of the In the homegoing of Mrs. McDowell church.

the Federation of Woman's Boards of On the other hand, two members had Foreign Missions has lost a warm six tasks each, 13 h~d five t:sks, 27 friend of many years. She has served had four tasks, 72 had three tasks, 166 the organization with unstinted devo- had two bsks and 415 had one task tion since its inception. Her unfail- each.

ing courage brought inspiration and A total of 1,148 definite pieces of cheer, and her insight and spiritual work were being performed by 659

members, while 2,182 members were Foundation. Paper, 80 ccnts; cloth, deprived of the benefits of personal re- $1. (The latter edition carries the recsponsibilities in the church program. ord to 1929, whereas the paper edition stops with 1928.) Many of these nonofficial members, The United States and the World Court, no doubt, were vital influences in the by Philip C. Jessup of Columbia Uni- Jives of their churches, but many more versity. World Peace Foundation. in all probability were receiving more 155 pp, 40 cents. than they gave. The Permanent Court of International Justice, by Vera Micheles Dean. For- The statistics of many churches eign Policy Association Information would tell a ·similar story. What is Service. 'December, 1929. 37 pp, 25 the situation presented by your own cents. church directory? Should the United States Join the World Court? Leaflet. Federal Council of In the active participation of the Churches. $1.50 a hundred. passive connection of its members lies at least one of the reasons why a cer- 'INDIA tain church forges ahead or why another lies dormant. From Presbyterian World News, January. 1031. -Ohio Christian News. India is a land ·of contrasts, but it WORLD COURT MATERIAL is a land of opportunity for the mis- sionary. There is opportunity for a From December, 1930, Christian World E<lu.- clearer message. The nonchristian co·t/or> News Servwe printed by tile looks at the Christian Church, even Council of Christian Associations though he is told not to look at the missionary but at Christ. As we judge Now that the World Court is once him by his mode of living, so he judges more [prominently in the public us. It is easier to work when the thought], there will be an increasing Church at home has ·so many voices demand for information about it. raised against such evils as war, ex- Here is a list of some of the material ploitations of men, women and chilavailable: dren, race prejudices and inequalities. Whatever is done to incarnate the The World Court: The History, Organi- spirit of Christ in Christians in Amer- zation and Work of the Court. March, ica opens doors of opportunity to us 1930. The American Foundation. Free. here. The world is smaller than it wa·s, and educated Indians are critical. The World Court: Fifty Questions An- swered. Replies are based on official -An India Missionary. documents. The American Foundation. Free. CHURCH MILITANT AGAINST WAR The Permanent Court of International Justice, by Charles Evans Hughes. United Press dispatch in l'ew York Herald An illuminating address given by Mr. Tribu.ne. December 12, 1930, Hughes on his return from serving as a Judge of the World Court. The The church should forbid military American Foundation. Free. service in event of war, Archibishop Nathan Soderblom of Sweden said in Foreign Relo,tions Bulletin Number 7 his speech accepting the ',1930 Nobel (Revised Edition). This gives a rlJ- peace prize. sume of the negotiations in regard to the adherence of the United States to "The church hitherto has not fulfilled the World Court, and the text of the its duty in preventing war," he said. Protocols, with explanations. The "It therefore has failed, and this failure American Foundation. Free. the church ought humbly to confess, and strive to the utmost to improve its in- Article by Senator Gillette analyzing fluence. The church must fight against the Protocols. The American Founda- every government that wilfully prepares tion. Free. war. Our peace activity must be more energetic. Only by a fight against the Speech by John Davis on the World 'old Adam' can peace be obtained." Court. The American Foundation. Free. King Haakon and Crown Prince Olav were present at the address which was Secretary Sti'1luwn's Letter to the Presi- applauded enthusiastically. dent. The American Foundation. Free.

The World Court, by Ma'nley O. Hudson of Harvard Law School. World Peace

AMERICA From the Interior of

Wanted: Eighty New Workers SEVEN or eight years ago Rosalvo Goulart, a faithful believer in T HE Latin America Evangelization Araguary, moved further interior Campaign is committed to a five with his few household effects, twelve years' program which calls for eighty children, an ox cart and a few yoke new workers. It is aimed to place in of oxen. After a long journey of more each of the twenty republics of Latin than 300 miles he found a lonely spot America a missionary couple accom- near where the interior states of Matpanied by a trained native evangelist to Grosso and Goyaz touch the states and wife, exclusively for evangelistic of Minas and Sao Paulo. There he work. They are to be supported by drove some stakes and covered them the· Latin America Evangelization with a thatched roof to establish hifl Campaign, and are to help all mission- home. He took his Bible with him and ary work in their territory. Each began telling his neighbors about J egroup will be furnished with a tent sus. Soon there was a large group of and given ample supplies of literature. inquirers in that lonely interior of Brazil. The Bible Institute in San Jose, Costa Rica, will supply many of the One morning I set out to visit Sen- native evangelists. The San Jose ior Rosalvo and to explore that un- headquarters offers a unique training evangelized region. One day as we ground for these new mIssionaries were crossing a river we found a fer- who will spend at least one year in ryman who asked: "Where are you the study of the language and people. fellows going; to hunt diamonds?"

"No, we are going to hunt souls for Sunday School in Mexico Christ." With a look Qf utter aston- ishment he said: "Souls? What's MISS MABEL YOUNG, of Puebla, that?" We told him the wonderful Mexico, writes in the Watchman story of Jesus and His love for men. Examiner: "Two of our Normal girls He wanted to know more and asked: take turns in teaching in the little "Isn't there any book that tells about Sunday school at San Mateo. A year this religion?" "Yes," we replied, ago, only three or four people were "there is a book and it is called the interested, but a man and his wife Bible." He had never seen or heard offered their living room as a meeting of a Bible but we left him reading the place. When others realized that the Old, Old Story. This man is a type hated Protestants were holding serv- of a vast multitude of Brazilians.

ices, they became very angry, and There is not one minister of the Gos- tried to prevent the continuation. pel in all this region.

Amid stone throwing, many dark looks It was a joy to preach the Gospel and expressions of disapproval the in the humble home of Senior Rosalvo work has continued and the group at- to scores of eager listeners. He has tending the services has grown. A lit a candle in that little corner of the nurse or the pastor from Puebla or great nation of Brazil and light is other worker talks to the adults while breaking everywhere.-Rev. J. R.

a student teaches the children. Woodson, in The Christian Observer.

219

Protestants in Brazil arranged for such centers as Lima, Peru; Santiago, Chile; Buenos Aires, T~E following information, printed Argentina; and Montevideo, Uruguay. III the Evangelisches Missions Magazine, has been sent by Pastor The progress of the Sunday Schools Rudolf Becker of Candelaria, Rio in Latin America is encouraging. The Grande do Sui (Brazil). enrollment will total no less than 225,- 000. Of this number more than half The Brazilian Baptists, numbering are to be found in Brazil. Next come about 32,000 members are carrying Argentina (including Uruguayan d on missions among the Indians in the Paraguay), 29,747; and Chile, 25,582. Amazonas Territory. Statistical reports are gathered of An interdenominational mission is Sunday School enrollment every two working among the Indians in Matto years and the last report for 1930 Grosso. This is supported by Method- showed an increase of 10.6 per cent. ists, Presbyterians and Independent Emphasis is laid in Brazil and else- Presbyterians. where upon the expanding prog~am of religious education through daily An appeal to undertake Indian mis- vacation Bible s c h 0 0 l,s, week-d.ay sions has recently been issued by the schools and young people's organiza- Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Santa tions. Mission schools everywhere give Catharina, Parana and other states. much attention to religious education This is known as the field of the Lu- 3S an integral part of the educational theran Gotteskasten. task.

A regular mi.ssion has been carried Missions in Venezuela on for over half a century by the Southern Methodists, the Southern FURLOUGHED missionaries from Baptists, the Presbyterians and the Venezuela are kept from their work Episcopalians of North America, by by reason of the fact that no foreign the English Congregationalists, the clergyman or ordained foreign mis- Swedish Baptists and the Missouri sionary is allowed to enter the coun- Lutherans. As a result several con- try. Missions affected include the gregations, many of theiTI self-supporting, have grown up. The mem- Presbyterian, the Scandinavian Allibership of the abJve mentioned churches is estimated. at about 3)0,000 ance, the Swedish Evangelical Free and that of the! Protestants originat- Church and the Orinoco River Mising from Germany, at about 250,000. sion.

World Gathering in Rio Mr. W. Reginald Wheeler has issued the following statement: T :-IE Eleventh WGl',d's Sun day S~heol CGnventkn is to meet in The "Law of Foreigners," decreed by Congress on .July 1, 1923, contained the Rio Ge Janeiro, Brazil, in July, 1932. following articles: This will be the first time the C::nvention has met in South America and "Section I-Art. 6: For the entrance is the first world gathering of Ch ris- of priests or ministers of any church tians eV3r held in Brazil. what~oe.ver there is required the special permlSSlOn of the Federal Executive in Di·. Rotert M. Hopkins, the General each case. Secretary cf the World's Sunday School Ass0ciation re:ently returned Sction II-Art. 15: The declaration from a visit to Brazil, Argentina. of exclusion shall be issued by the Presi- Pa.ragu:lY, Urugu~y, Chile, Peru and dent of the Republic and endorsed bv Panama, where he held conferences the Secretary of Interior Affairs and with Sund~y Scheel representatives. shall be published in the Official G;zette.

Since travel is expensive in S8uth Section III-Art. 27: Against the de- Ame: ica and distances are gnat, it is cree of exclusion (or of expulsion) no hoped that regional meetings may be recourse is permitted.

Special permission from the Fed- eral Executive, transmitted through the Minister of Interior Affairs, is

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

required for the entrance of a foreign great Protestant nations who were clergyman. Since September, 193':>, thus seeking to seduce Belgium from no such permission has been given. her ancient religion and to hand her This situation has developed out cf over to the Great POWErs. The City the contest between the Government Council was divided, one p"lrt, declarand the Roman Catholic Church. Sim- ing in our favor. The Burgomaster ilar contests have occurred recently in himself sent us secret wad to "hold Mexico and certain other Latin Amer- fast." When a mob 'Of 800 people, ican cotintrie,s. stirIed up by. priests, sought to assail and destroy cur tent, not only did the EUROPE mounted police protect us, but groups of So~ialists themselves formed a cor- Peace Pla.ns fo;' Twenty-Seven Na.- don around the tent tJ keep the mob from cutting the tent ropes. We tions praise God for many oonversions, among tl:em being one cf the very ON JANUARY 21st a cable message ringleaders of the riot; for the large from Geneva announced that numbers that attended the after-meettweLty-seven nations had pledged ings, and for the wcnderful W'JY that themselves to preserve peace in Eu- publi;: opinion was tu,'ned in our farope. Their solemn manifesto is ex- vor at the end of the meetings. Since pected to put an end to war-talk and the dose of the meetings, we have to go far toward reestablishing eco- been able, through the gift of a fri2nd, nomic and political stability. "The to buy a building in this city of ArIon, machinery Of the League of Nations where we shall install a permanent is to be used to prevent any resort to worker. violence." The signers of the manifes~{} include France, Great Britain, Burgomasters or Mayors of other Germany and Italy. Committees have citiES are cften favcl'~b~e to us. We been appointed to study methods for believe that ttis mJVement of God in solving various problems and for pro- Belgium is already layinz hold of moting unity, if not union, among the sorre of the inbllectuals. The head European nations. Judge of the C:;urt of Ghent has be- come deeply convicted and is coming Socialists and the Gospel in Belgium to the mEetings.

T ODAY, in Belgium, the Socialists Great blessing has also attended the and Liberals are taking up the special distribu~ion of Scriptures and cudgel in the defence of missionaries tracts-a million and a half having of the Belgian Gospel Mi,ssion against been distributed during this year of the opponents. God makes use of po- the Centenary of Belgium's political litical parties to further His own independence. This large distribution ends, although the Socialists them- is the greatest that has ever occurred solve are conscious of nothing but in one year in the history of the countheil' antagonism to the Roman Cath- try. Mr. Van Lierop, head of the olis party! The Socialists do not come station at Ghent, has had permission to the Gospel meetings, but neverthe- to hold open-air meetings anywhere less, when we are attacked by posters in this great city.-Ralph E. Norton. and the papers, their own official organs come out justifying us and be- Swedish Missions laboring the Catholics for their opposition. SWEDISH missions in China repre- sented by seven SOcieties, are pass- Recently, during tent meetings at ing through severe straits. The mis- ArIon, in southeastern Luxembourg, sion schools have had to be closed the papers attacked us bitterly and pretty generally, although the work of placards denounced us. One was even evangelization has been permitted to posted on our Gospel car during the go on. But the Lutheran high school in night. We were denounced as spies and heretics-political agents of the

Taohwalun is having a hard struggle. homes and labor to support themselve·s In the Congo region, in Rhodesia and and their families.

in some parts of India Swedish mis- German-Russian refugees, aggre- sionaries are experiencing great move- gating eight hundred, have escaped ments toward Christianity. Their from Siberia, and are now stranded medical work is increasing in Portu- in Harbin, Manchuria, China. Of guese East Africa, Turkestan, Rho- these, about two hundred are Lu- desia and India. The mission in Mon- therans and the others are Roman golia, which is said to. be the only Catholics, Mennonites and Baptists.

Protestant one in the field, has been The very small German Lutheran con- almost exterminated during the last gregation in Harbin pas been strained year. beyond its strength in the effort to In the home field conditions are give all these refugees sbelter, food encouraging. Both the Church .Mis- and clothing.-John A. Morehead, in sion and the Fosterland Stiftelse have The Lutheran.

been able to wipe out their debbs. In the public schools, missions have be- AFRICA come a regular subject for study and Portuguese Restrictions in East- at the university of Upsala a chair Africa has been established for the history of missions with Dr. Westmann as rrHE educational inspector of the the professor.. Colonial Government of this terri- tory recently placed before the Gov- ernment council certain proposals for Methodist Church in Russia Closed the control of the Portuguese missions for Observing Christmas in the regions subject to the govern- APRESS report states that the ment. According to these regulations First Methodist Church of Lenin- all missions must secure written pergrad and the only one in Russia has mits to work. They must state a defi- been closed by the bolsheviks after en- nite locality where they intend to work joying immunity for many years. The and must render annual reports to the charge against the church was that Government. Their members must be of conducting an illegal Sunday-school clerical and the governor-general must and with having had a Christmas tree pass on their program. Foreign lan- and distributing gifts among the chil- guages are prohibited and the native dren. dialects are allowed only jf the pupils The Leningrad Soviet ordered the learn Portuguese at the same time.

arrest of the members of the church All textbooks must be in Portuguese.

board, the organist and the leaders of The missions may not sell their prop- the congregation, forcing Anna Ek- erty and may use it only for mission- lund in charge of Methodist activities ary purposes. Such a legislation in Russia to leave the country.-Evan- against missions has heretofore not gelical-M essenger. been attempted by any other colonial government.

Stranded Russian Refugees T HERE are at present one hundred Notable Industrial School in Africa and four Lutheran refugees from Russia stranded at two places in Per- THE Frank James Industrial School sia. In the course of their escape, of the West Africa Presbyterian they lost all their property and are Mission was established as a memorial reduced to penury. The appeal comes to a young man who was killed by a for help to supply them with food and wounded elephant while on a hunting clothing, and to assist them ultimately trip to Africa. The young man's sisin securing transportation to coun- ter made a gift to the Presbyterian tries where they may find permanent Board of Foreign Missions specifying that the money should be used to pro-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mote industrial training of African of his independence, ministering to him boys. intellectual food hardly appropriate to his worth. The religion taught by the Slowly the work progressed. A tail- Catholic missionaries, their precepts of or class was begun with a few yards humility and of respect for the estab-' of cloth and a second-hand sewing lished order, seem more nearly. related machine. A small sawmill outfit was to the mentality of the negro, who in purchased and shipped to Africa. To- the regions of Angola is the most primday the work has expanded to include, itive of beings." a complete planing and molding outfit, a blacksmith shop, and many sheds Ka Ci Lemi, Ka Ci Ganyala in which tailoring, carpentering, tanning, furniture making, ivory carving, YOU may not be familiar with this brick making, and other industrial ac- language. It is the motto of the tivities are carried on. In addition Galangue station of the Angola Misthere is a printing press manned by sion in West Africa, the station which the native workmen. The work of is the special project of the Negro this industrial school is transforming Congregational churches. The meanthe whole life of the people about it, ing is, "If it is not heavy, it is not while at the same time it touches their worth while." The Angola Mission lives with Christian ideals.-llion T. has just celebrated its Jubilee. Here Jones, in The. Presbyterian Advance. is the contrast between 1880 and 1930.

Catholic vs. Protestant Teaching Then: Three white men from Amer- ica bring presents of cloth, but no ONE difference in the influence of rum. These newcomers are objects of Roman Catholic and of Protes- suspicion, since they claim to seek no tant missionary education on the Af- ivory, rubber or slaves. Their unrican is revealed in an unintended willing hosts are the Ovimbundu, a testimony by a French traveler, Chris- virile people numbering about a miltian de Caters, in the Colonial and lion, mostly traders and slave hunters. Maritime Dispatch, printed in Paris, They have no written language. They April 24, 1930. Roman Catholic teach- have no god save fierce and implacable ing tends to keep the African servile spirits. They are slaves to the witch and dependent, while Protestant train- doctor and to fear. They live in stocking seeks to develop a godly person- aded villages composed of square mud ality and strength. The quotation huts thatched with grass. Polygamy, from the Boletim da Aquencia Geral slavery and cruelty prevail. das Col6nias, of Lisbon, is as follows: Now: The raids of native kings "In my voyage to Portuguese Africa I have ceased. There are towns and met a certain number of religious mis- cities, auto roads and a railroad from sionaries and whether their nationality the coast with two trains a week, as was French, Alsatian, German or Portu- a result of the introduction of Euroguese, for all of them I always felt es- pean civilization. There are five misteem and even admiration. I sympathize sion stations with over thirty resident less with American missions although missionaries; four self-supporting they may also accomplish a worthy work and self-governing churches with a of civilization…… If a former pupil membership of 4,000; 300 native pasof one of the missions proposes to con- tors and preachers; 6 boarding tract himself to a planter or to the head schools; 160 primary village schools of any enterprise, the employer will take enrolling thousands; Currie Institute, him without hesitation should he come a union higher training school for from the White Fathers. He prefers young men; Means School for girls; such a one to the pupils of the [Protes- clinics in all stations with 50,000 tant] "clergyman" in whose teaching he treatments yearly; 700 per cent inhas no confidence. It is not that the crease in native development in fiflatter may be giving bad counsels, but teen years with no increase in the his teaching tends to develop in the na- missionary force. The work has been tive a very real feeling of his own personality, of the freedom of his judgment,

hravy, but who will say it is not worth The B3rlin Mission therefore began w"lile ?-Congregation:zlist. the translation into modern Suahili.

Missionary Klaml'oth finished the ·An:ou6 African Pr~Bo-::e~8 translation, and in 1926, Missionary ARCHDEACON DANIELL, a mis- Roehl was sent out to revise the work. sicnary of the C. M. G. in Ug:mda, A native pastor in Dar-es-Salam, when has recently been carrying on evan- he had read the new translation of the gelistic work in the prisons in Kctm- Epistle to the Romans, exclaimed, pala. About 200 out of 700 prisoners "Now at last I am beginning to underattended the voluntary service on Sun- stand what St. Paul means to say to day [Cnd the weekly Bible class. One us!" man, 2. baptized Christian, heard the Gospel rr.cssage and one of the first The German Evangelical Missions things he did on being released was to of East Africa have united in the pubgo tJ the C. M. S. mission and r,sk for lication of this great work and the their prJyers. The Archdeacon says Wurtumberg Bible Society has unthat it was a delight to see this man dertaken its printing. Last summer walk up to the house, after five years an edition of 3,000 copies was sent out to Africa.

imprisonment, free once again. "There W3cS a spring in his step and a joy on WESTERN ASIA his face which indicated not only phys- Islam and Modern Culture G ical freedom but, I hope, real and OTTFRIED SIMON a well-known authority on Moslem conditions definite conversion and determination writes in Der Pionier on the question to serve God."

whether Islam will weather the pres- SuaMli Bible ent crisis. In considering the con- ANEW translation of the Bible into tributions of modern culture, he quotes Suahili (Swahili) became impera- the following interesting memorial tive for two reasons. First of all, the Suahili, which only thirty yea! sago from the rector of EI Azhar Univerwas almost entirely unknown to the great nations in the interior of Africa, sity to King Fuad concerning reform is today conquering all of tropical Africa with unbelievable power. This plans for the University of Cairo. i'B regarded as a language miracle that is unique in history. At present, ac- The Rector, Muhammed Mustafa-alcording to careful estimates, the Suahili is being spoken by about twenty Maraghy is himself a man of orthodox millions of people and is gaining adherents. It is said also that in Africa persuasion, which makes the letter all the printed word reaches farther than the spoken. The second reason is that the more noteworthy. – the translation made by the British Universities Mission was published It has always been the custom in the about fifty YEars ago. At that time Moslem religion that certain individuals it was nece,ssary to use Arabic words spread the faith and defend it against as being expressive of religious ideas all errors of science, and convince the of tbe Christian faith, such as sin, faithful. The Koran itself teaches us faith, grace, righteousness, hope, -com- that we should study the creation of fort, peace. Tl:ese Arabic words car- God. Islam is therefore not opposed to ried with the:11 the Mohammedan con- science, but rather places the educated notation and this made it difficult for man on a higher plane than the uneduthe Afri:ans to form correct ideas cated. Our former teachers were right about the Christian religion. in studying history. We are grateful to them for books which they wrote. Unfortunately the spiritual leaders of the last century have suffered only such books as harmonized with the ancient tradi tions.

The teachers of Islam must be in the lead in culture, they must acquaint them- selves with other religions, they must know Arabic well and must study mod- ern sciences such as general history and sociology. The lamp of El Azhar Uni- versity has grown dim and must be cleaned. The history of religions must

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

be studied. It proves the superiority of Simply attired, a,s was the custom Islam. The knowledge of natural sci- of the Prophet, and sitting in a simply ence is alw necessary, in Qrder tQ under- furnished room, this king, Ibn Saud, stand the Koran better, and for the extends his hand to even the poorest same reason, the Arabic language, his- Bedouin and eats at the same table tory and philology. Modern educational with ministers of state, clerks and methods and methods of research must chauffeurs. He also imitates the be acquired. The legal practice needs Prophet in marrying frequently and reforms. Hence the university must be frequently changing his wives. He completely reshaped. judges according to the old law: a head for murder, a hand for theft, the Ibn Saud a Unique Character right foot and the right hand for rob- bery. Today the pilgrim may travel ONE of the most striking figures in unmolested even through inner Arabia. modern oriental life is the famous It is perhaps the first time since the Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud, since 1926 King days of the Prophet that one may of Hedjas and Nedjd. By means of travel unarmed and even carrying a bold military action, carried out great valuables, for Ibn Saud is inwith the help of twenty-five followers, exorable. He once had fifteen conhe occupied the city of Riadh in 1914 spirators executed at one time while and placed himself on the throne of he sipped his coffee. He is a man his ancestors. During the war he as- before whom men tremble, but whom sisted the English against Turkey for they love, a man who sees his life's which he received in the years 1917- task in the spread of the ancient faith. 1923 half a million pounds sterling. The Bedouin tribes, who were formerly He is thus in a position to buy air- only nominally Moslem, have become planes and other valuable European zealous defenders of the faith. The imports. This he managed, according movement is spreading even into to Gottfried Simon, without essential southern Arabia. returns to England and by skillfully evading existing treaties. Burying Hatred in Turkey His chief supporters are the so- PRES. CASS REED of Internationcalled "Brothers" (Ichwan) who are al College, Smyrna, reports on his blindly devoted to him. They are or- visit to Ankara (Angora), the capital ganized into 120 communities on the of the Turkish Republic: "Turkey original Islamic pattern. They have and Greece were burying old hatreds. brought about a complete revolution Across the splendid avenue below the in inner Arabia. The power of the Grand National Assembly Building kingdom is no longer vested in the the words in Greek letters, 'Kalos cities, but in the old-style Bedouin be- Elthete,' or 'Welcome,' appeared above lievers. By means of this organiza- a pillar in the well-known Greek blue tion the king, as did Mohammed be- and white, with Greek national arms, fore him, overcame all his opponents cross and all, prominently displayed! and just as then Arab tribes volun- And this was put up by the Turkish tarily submitted~ so now the whole Government in honor of the Greek kingdom of the Shammars fell into who, eleven years ago began war for his hands without a stroke of arms the possession of Turkey itself! Now and entirely by the persuasion of the he was welcomed as an ambassador of "Brothers." These former "real de- goodwill! I had dreamed that perfenders of the true faith" now wage haps my grandchildren might see only holy wars: they fight against Greeks and Turks thus fraternizing, the unbelievers. Therefore th~y also but here, only seven years after the call themselves Muslimin or Muwah- signing of peace, the miracle had been hiddin, i. e. believers or confessors of achieved. the one-ness of God. The name "Wahabis" which is customary among us, "During my stay in Ankara, I had is only a nickname, from Mohammed Abd Wahab, who died in 1750.

5

the pleasure of interviewing the Min- special anniversaries or other perister of Education, Essad Bey, and the sonal celebrations. Our message has chief permanent under-secretaries. I been accePted with great cordiality. received cordial assurances of coop- These high-class people have been superation, and am convinced that our porting idol worship in India. We schools will continue to receive the include the intelligentsia of the land encouragement and assistance of the as well as unconverted Anglo-Indians. Department of Education. Ankara is We trust in the promise given in truly a remarkable city. A few years Isaiah 55: 10-11. A great educationalago it was nothing but an unkempt ist who was in touch with us by postal town, with miserable houses, narrow system came to us some time ago and streets, and nothing to commend it was baptized. His grandmother also but an impregnable position. Now, was baptized. A high-class widow was it is a modern city, with broad streets, rescued and is now in a Wesleyan splendid buildings, modern conven- Home. My forefathers came from a iences and all the marks of an up-to- high caste to Christianity, and our date city. Hindu widows' condition has been heart-rending. INDIA,BU~A,CEYLON At our annual meetings we present Changing India the Word of God to Bible holders among the Princes and intelligentsia. I N RELIGION India's aspirations Weare in need of a fund to enable us are many and complex. Old cus- to invite Christian scholars to deliver toms, old habits and sanctions are de- addresses to the educated non-Chriscaying and many people are frankly tians in several centers of this vast perplexed. The orthodox are insist- country. Our polyglot work has been ing that salvation can be found only much helped by the Scripture Gift in a return to the Vedas, the old Hindu Mission and there are a few Indian scriptures. India's intellectuals, how- Princes who send donations. ever, recognize that such a movement can never be successful. Many are PasuDlalai Rural UplU't Society trying to modernize Hinduism. An increasing number are finding in Jesus WHEN the suggestion was made the ideal and power for life. The at Pasumalai, India, that a solatter attitude is especially evident in ciety be formed for students and the seniors of a Christian college in teachers which would enable them to India who have spent nearly four express themselves in voluntary servyears within its halls. ice to the community, the missionaries were amazed at the response. So In the educational field Christian many wished to join what eventually missions have had and are having an became the Pasumalai Rural Uplift enormous influence. Gradually, how- Society, that an organization of comever, government is assuming direct mittees was necessary to take care of control over this field of activity, the volunteers! The members elected especially in elementary education. a certain number of leaders for each This means that future mission policy committee, and there is now being must aim at quality rather than quan- carried on ten different projects, intity.-Rev. Bryan S. Stoffer. cluding adult education, with a night school, a reading room, together with The Gospel by Post in India a rural education library, a committee on propaganda, a cooperative society, MR. JOHN CHOWDHURI, of the a farm demonstration committee, Mission to the Aristocracy of which studies important phases of ag- India, writes from Cocanada, on Sep- ricultural development and methods, tember 29th, as follows: a committee on village health and san- itation and temperance, studying all We send the Gospel by postal system to the inaccessible Princes and Princesses of India at the time of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

questions affecting the physical health Through the courtesy of Dr. Sam Hig- ginbottom I paid several visits to the and well-being of villagers, and com- Agricultural Institute, and the more I mittees on problems of rural adminis- see of it the greater I am impressed with tration, recreation, games, baby wel- the splendid work that it has been dofare and village industries. ing. The Institute covers an extensive area which has been transformed into India Missionaries Address Indian smiling fields and lovely orchards. Most of the agricultural implements are pre- Christians pared at the workshop attached to the Institute where the teachers are engaged WE HAVE received from the Rev. in research work of one kind or another. J. Z. Hodge, Secretary of the Dr. Higginbottom has undertaken to National Christian Council of India, train fifty district board teachers in a copy .of the following letter: agriculture and in other subjects con- nected with rural reconstruction. These To OUR CHRISTIAN BRETHREN IN INDIA pupil teachers, who at first had consider- able hesitation in doing manual labor in AND BRITAIN: the fields, are now devoting themselves whole-heartedly to this work. Their We, a group of Indian and British training is not only confined to the pre- Christians at Kodaikanal, who believe cincts of the Institute but in order to that God's will is fellowship and brother- widen their outlook they go to places of hood, venture to send out this message importance in and near Allahabad. and appeal to our brethren. Dr. Higginbottom and his workers de- We have no hesitation in associating serve high commendation for their efourselves with the aspirations of India forts in the cause of economic regenerato achieve an equal and honorable place tion in these provinces. The Doctor is in the family 'of nations. We are con- not only himself imbued with the spirit vinced that an parties are sincerely seek- of service and sacrifice but also infects ing although along different lines what others with the same. This is the type they feel to be the best interests of In- of institution that India needs most at dia. At the same time we are deeply the present moment. distressed by the increasing spirit of distrust and bitterness between Britain and Contrasts in India India as revealed in the present struggle. I NDIA is a land of contrasts, but it The time calls for a spirit of magnan- is a land of opportunity for the imity and acts of conciliation on all sides missionary. There is opportunity for without which, we feel, the purpose of a clearer message. The non-Chrisall who are seeking India's highest wel- tian looks at the Christian Church, fare cannot be achieved. Believing even though he is told not to look at strongly that the only lasting solution the missionary but at Christ. As we will be reached through frank discussion judge him by his mode of living, so in a spirit of mutual trust and sym- he judges us. It is easier to work pathy we express the earnest hope that when the Church at home has so many there may be held a Round Table Con- voices raised against such evils as war, ference which will be truly representa- exploitations of men, women and chiltive of all parties and interests. dren, race prejUdices and inequalities. Whatever is done to incarnate the We appeal to our brethren throughout spirit of Christ in Christians in Amer- India and Britain that they will pray ica opens doors of opportunity to us earnestly and continuany, both in their here. The world is smaller than it private and public worship, that God's was, and educated Indians are critical. will for India may be revealed and -An India Missionary. obeyed. We also appeal to them at this juncture to avail themselves of every op- CHINA portunity to promote a spirit of mutual understanding and goodwill and to re- A Chinese Message to America gard it as a primary duty to share in all activities which will make India truly THE General Assembly of the great and truly free. Church of Christ in China, repre- senting the churches which have de- An Indian Official Visits AlIaha.bad veloped from the missionary work of K USHAL PAL SINGH, Minister of Education of the United Provinces, India, made the foll.owing statement regarding his impressions of the work of the Allahabad Agricultural Institute, Allahabad, India, last November:

western missionary societies, met in During its thirty years of service Canton last October and adopted a the Hackett Medical College has grad- message to western churches asking uated 188 young women. Of these 47 their fellowship in intercession. per cent have gone into private prac- In its message to western churches tice, 16 per cent into the service of the Assembly said in part: Missions and the remainder into the "The Church of Christ in China is fac- work of government or native chariing a situation which is most challenging ties. The course covers four years both because of the unusual difficulties and 67 students are enrolled this year. as well as the unparalleled opportunities. The aim of the school is to graduate As never before must we lay hold on Christian women physicians. All stuspiritual resources and we exceedingly dents attend daily chapel and Sunday covet your cooperation in adventurous, morning church services. The purimportunate intercession.

"(a) That our Christian youth in large po,se of this missionary medical col- numbers may recognize the call to the lege is significantly stated: challenge of the ministry as the most profitable investment of their lives. "To save life and spread the true Light."-Francis Shunk Downs. "(b) That our Christians may in a larger measure discover and manifest Presbyterian Policy in China the radiance of our religion, and make their Christian faith contagious. THERE seems to be no restraint placed by the Chinese Government "(c) That our leadership may be given upon the preaching of the Gospel in courage to joyously follow the will of churches, chapels, markets or homes. God as they discover it concerning the On the contrary, the almost universal perplexing problems they are facing, report is of an unparalleled receptivesuch as Christian education in view of ness to the Gospel on the part of the government restriction on worship and Chinese people, and even among the religious instruction, and other problems. students of government schools.

"( d) For the Chinese government, The Board of Foreign Missions of especially for those Christians who are the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A" serving the government, that vital re- has adopted a statement that says: ligion may be given its proper place in the new emerging state. "In view of the fact that our evan- gelistic missionaries are fewer by 15 "(e) That the will to Christian unity per cent than in 1925, the Board would may be fostered and strengthened and cooperate with the Chinese Church's that hitherto untrodden pathways may great Evangelistic Movement by callbe found whereby the separated Chris- ing and appointing to this work tian communions can arrive at complete China's full usual share of the acspiritual and organic unity. cepted candidates of the current year by urging all missionaries whose ac- "(f) That Christian youth of the West tivities in other directions are hinwith a positive Christian faith and with dered to devote themselves to enthua passion for Christian service may in siastic evangelism with their Chinese large number find it as the will of God associates. for them to come to China to cooperate with the Chinese Church in the task of "A very serious situation confronts creating a Christian China. educational mission work throughout China. The Nanking Government de- "(g) That the Five-Year Movement may continue to grow in the might and strength of the Spirit of God, to the end that all the resources of our Chinese Church may be utilized to achieve the objectives of this movement, namely, the deepening of the spiritual life of our Christians and the doubling of our church membership."

mands the registration of Mission Chinese Women Christian Doctors Schools of all grades, insisting that THE catalogue of the Hackett Medi- Senior Middle Schools and Colleges cal College at Canton, China, with shall not require students to pursue w hie h are associated the Turner religious courses or attend religious Training School for Nurses and the exercises; nor 'entice' students to David Gregg Hospital reports as fol- elect religion; that schools of lower lows: grade shall exclude religious courses

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and exercises. The educational au- work and in the spiritual welfare of thorities have refused passports to the pupils. Chinese students expecting to pursue religious courses abroad, and have By giving up the primary building prohibited the holding of daily vaca- as a school building, and by holding tion Bible schools. A protest by the religious services entirely outside of Church of Christ in China and eleven the school proper and outside of school o the r ecclesiastical organizations hours, they are able to conform to against this 'denial of religious lib- Government regulations which forbid erty in the name of religious liberty' teaching Bible as a part of the curhaving been rejected by the Minister riculum in primary and lower middle of Education, the Board feels that, school grades. pending conference with the field as to the continuance of our schools under Thus far it is permitted by Governthese conditions, it will not be wise to ment to teach Bible in high schools ask the Church to expand its educa- and colleges provided it is put on a tional work in China at this time. voluntary basis. Nearly the whole The Board, however, cherishes a school voluntarily elected to study the strong hope that wiser counsels will Bible and almost 150 girls are ensoon prevail in the Chinese govern- rolled in the classes. These Bible ment, opening the way to enlarged classes "are very much in earnest" Christian educational service." and student prayer groups are being better organized. Religion in Bridgman School The older girls have again opened BRIDGMAN School, of Shanghai, the school which they conducted last faces the problem of how to main- year for outside children who have tain fully the objective of the school no chance to go to school. They teach -to give Christ to the students and Bible, singing, Chinese reading, writtrain up Christian leaders for China, ing and arithmetic. They also' teach under new and adverse conditions. A games. This little school meets after communication from local authorities school, from four to six in the afterto Bridgman School received during noon, and at present the enrollment is the summer states that Bridgman has: about forty. The gfrls like to do it as a part of their service for Christ and for China.-The Missionary Link.

1. No library. More Missionaries Needed 2. No equipment. 3. Teachers whose methods are old- APLEA that more missionaries go fashioned. to China as an offset to Soviet 4. Its pupils know nothing but the propaganda was made by Miss Eliza P. heavenly Father. Will Bridgman please Cobb, who has recently visited China, remedy these defects? at the .fifty-sixth birthday celebration of the Women's Board of Foreign Mis- The missionaries believe the local sions of the Reformed Church in authorities need more information re- America, held in New York last garding the school which has over month. She said: 1,500 books in its library; possesses good average equipment; while its "In China the missionaries now pupils pass the government examina- have two courses open to them-one tions and its teachers have made good is to register their schools and throw records in other schools. Christian teaching from the cur- riculum; the other is to teach religion Bridgman School, which is con- and run the risk of having the schools ducted by the Woman's Union Mis- closed. sionary Society, is fortunate in its principal, Mrs. C. C. Chen, and its "The Soviet program is to wipe the local board composed chiefly of Chi- Church of Christ out of Russia and nese Christians. The teaching staff out of China in five years. Contrast are deeply interested in their school

that with the program of the Church While such interest lasts, the evanof Christ in China, which is to double gelistic forces of the mission are eaits membership in five years. It is ger to improve every opportunity. reported that 3,000 Chinese youths With this open door there is also opare now being trained in Moscow and position. Communism and atheism will be sent back to China to spread among certain groups are rife, but communism. The call comes from the the common people in North China Christian Church in China for more today are ready to listen to the mes- Christian missionaries." sage of life and hope which Chris- tianity otIers.-Letter, Rev. Ge.orge Protestants and Catholics in China H. Trull.

'Tl HE Chinese. Recorder reports that JAPAN-CHOSEN .L the Catholic MissIons in China for Japan's Increased Population the year 1929, show a "net" gain of T HE national census of last October h2a9~0e00beceonnvkeriltlsedovoerr the number that showB a population of 64,447,000 that died from which is a gain' of over 4,000,000 in five years. These figures are for Japrivations. Twenty-four missionaries, pan proper and do not include the mandated islands of the Pacific, nor two of them bishops, sutIered death Korea, Formosa, and Saghalien. The increase is larger than was generally by martyrdom. Theological students believed, and the concern which Japan has felt in the last decade over the increased during the last two years inability of the land area to support so large a population is not without by 687, so that at present all the sem- foundation. Much attention has been given recently to the settling of colinaries and theological schools report onies in South America. Official sta- tistics issued by the Social Bureau of 4,765 students. the Home Office indicate that an aver- age of 500 people committed suicide The Protestants also have a martyr each month during 1930.-Alliance WeekLy. catalogue. From 1924 to 1929 twelve Sports Day Changed Protestant missionaries were mur- T HE head of the Educational Dedered and fifty-nine kidnapped. Among partment of Yokohama Prefecture announced recently that they had Catholics during the same period, changed their interscholastic sports day from Sunday to week days in twenty-one were murdered and thirty- order that the Christian schools might take part.-The Congregationalist. nine kidnapped. Educating Korean Women Chinese Ready to Hear the Gospel T70REA, with one sixth of the pop- I N THE district of Paotingfu in Chili Province, there is an open .1"'- ulation of the United States, has door for the Gospel. "In all my days only one college for women. But Ewha college has trained most of the leadin China I have not seen it so wide ing women in Korea during its twenty years of history. One finds the foropen," said Rev. William A. Mather, mer students (with eighty-six alum- nre) in almost every field open to wom- D.D" who has been in the field for en-in church work and social service, 28 years.

"Over ten years ago I could not presc?- with liberty. This year members of BIble classes are extraordinarily keen to hear. I constantly preach in the country. Two years ago I went to a village where there was only one inquirer. The people welcomed me. For a week they crowded in to hear the Gospel. When it was time for me to leave, they asked 'Why do you go? We have just begun to get a grasp of the Gospel.' In one place the innkeeper invited me inside, gave me tea and urged me to stay rather than go on to another place, as the people thronged inside to hear the Bible message. In another place an entire village stood in the bitter cold all day just to hear the Gospel."

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

medicine, education and business. ISLANDS OF THE SEA Best of all, these college graduates are establishing such homes as Korea An Unusual MissioD Board has never dreamed of before, where husband and wife are equal intellec- THE Marshall Islands were under tually, socially and economically, live the German Government until afttogether in mutual respect and love; er the great war when they were given where children are reared with in- over to the Japanese, one stipulation telligent and loving care and given being that the Islanders should con~ an opportunity to develop the best that tinue to be taught Protestant Chrisis in them. tianity.

The Methodists have set themselves Japan agreed and sent out there to giving Korean women a chance for four Japanese Protestant pastors as higher education. There was no col- missionaries and has now increased lege at all when Miss Lulu Frey began that number to six. in 1910 but since 1925 the enrollment has grown and the staff has been in- The Japanese Government pays the creased until there are now 161 stu- salaries of these missionaries, provides dents and 35 on the faculty.–Alice R. each with a dwelling house, gives a Appenzeller, in The Christian Advo- medical allowance and an allowance cate. for each child. The Government pays passage back and forth, granting a Early Handicaps in Korea furlough every three years.

WHEN Rev. Henry M. Bruen left The missionary makes a report to for Korea in 1899 there were no the Japanese Government but there roads in the country and transporta- has been no interference with the tion was over trails by little ponies, Christian work. A non-Christian naor coolies carrying baggage on their tion is thus sending out Christian backs, while passengers were carried missionaries to another people.-Mary in chairs (a box between two poles). E. Tracy. Even Chinese wheelbarrows and jinrikshas (the Japanese man-pulled A Moro Baptized wheel chair) were unknown in Southern Korea at that time. The Koreans AN ENCOURAGING and inspiring had never seen a wheel. The huts start among the Moros. has been were of stone and mud, thatched with made by Dr. Frank Laubach at Danstraw. Glass was unknown, and oiled salan, Lake Lanao, and the missionpaper was used in the windows. Dirty aries are already beginning to experirice and dog meat soup furnished the ence an answer to the prayers and chief food. Cows and bulls carried efforts of past years in behalf of this heavy loads and did the rough plow- Mohammedan people. ing and were killed and eaten when too old or too sick to work. Very little Last December I stood before a milk was used. Water was undrink- row of seven high school boys kneelable until boiled on account of typhoid. ing in front of the congregation at Smallpox was universal and leprosy Camp Kiethley, Lanao. They had been was common. examined and were being baptized in profession of their faith in Jesus Mrs. Bruen, who recently died in Christ. One of these boys was the Taiku, helped to establish a school first Mohammedan boy to confess his and two hospitals at Taiku, while 60 faith in Christ in that province. He churches in that province were under was Chickiting Pagayucan, a senior Mr. Bruen's care. Their daughter in the Lanao high school. He had has cabled her offer to take her moth- made his own way for eight years and er's place. today is in Silliman Bible School. He has dedicated his life to medicine or to the Gospel ministry. For three years he had been studying the Bible and attending Sunday-school and then

gave his heart to God and accepted and 58 per cent are in city churches. Jesus Christ as his Saviour.-Rev. Two hundred twelve denominations Frank J. WfJodward. are listed, more than half of which have less than 7,000 adult members. Suocessors of John G. Paton Three out of every ten are Roman Catholics with 13,300,000. The Meth- I N THE northern part of the island odist Episcopal Church comes second of Ambrim in the New Hebrides with 3,700,000. The Southern Bapthere are 2,500 natives to be evangel- tist, third, with 3,330,000. The Negro ized, and at the stations round the Baptist has 2,900,000. The Jews, 2,- coast there are native teachers waiting 930,000. In proportion to population, wearily for a pastor and leader. church members are most numerous in the East and South while it decreases Who will go and volunteer to take as we move westward. Protestants up the work for the sake of Christ? are in the majority in every State ex- cept Utah. Church membership is in- In September the station of Tongoa creasing almost exactly with the will fall vacant through the resigna- population. The number of Sabbath tion of the Rev. O. Michelsen. This school scholars is 21,000,000 as comisland has a large number of young pared to 24,740,000 in the public people who need to be trained in schools. The parochial schools are Christian life and faith to face the growing rapidly but the Roman Cathtemptations which civilization is olic Sabbath schools are declining. bringing to t~eir doors. Three out of every eight ministers in the 18 leading white denominations NORTH AMERICA and three out of every four of the three leading Negro bodies are not Workers in the United States graduates of either college or semi- nary. Church property is valued at OF THE 122,000,000 people in the $3,840,000,000, but many churches did United States, one-third, or 41,- not report. Parsonages are valued at 000,000, are children under sixteen, $500,000,000. The Roman Catholic while there are 38,000,000 men and and Jewish school property is valued 37,000,000 women between sixteen and at $7,000,000,OOO.-The United Pressixty-four, according to William M. byterian. Steuart, director of the census. About 49,000,000 persons reported themselves Investigating the "Y.." as having gainful occupation: Some 10,000,000 women report gainful oc- ONE of the hopeful signs of life in cupations, while perhaps 23,000,000 an organization which the more are keeping house. The 11,000,- churches have sometimes found occa- 000 men who are farming constitute sion to criticize is its appointment of less than one-quarter of the gainful workers as against 45 per cent in 1880. a group of wise men, headed by the Nearly a third of our workers are now in manufacturing and mechanical pur- Rev. William J. Hutchins, president suits, while clerical occupations em- of Berea College, whose purpose is to ploy about 7 or 8 per cent of the total. reexamine and to restate the purpose Successive censuses only emphasize and me,ssage of the Young Men's the rapidity of our industrialization. Christian Association. This associa- -The Nation. tion was originally founded in Eng- land, under the leadership of a layman CeDSUS of Religious Bodies of the Anglican church, as a group of religious young men wh(}se purpose T HE Federal Census of Religious was to lead to "conversion" their com- Bodies gives us many interesting panions in offices and warehouses. In facts. Out of every 100 persons over America its attitude broadened, as the 13 years of age in the United States, result of a stirring plea made by 55 are church members. Five women are members to every four men. Fifty-two per cent are in rural churches

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Bishop P·otter in Boston, and it pro- and perhaps two of the others, be re- vided social and athletic clubs for tained in order that the new condi- those who could not afford to meet the tions of today might be met.-The full expense of such activities. Some Churchman.

branches of the "Y" have become pure- Florida Missionary Assemblies ly athletic clubs, in which the more "religious" activities, if they persist T AND booms come and go but many at all, have no integral relation to the J…J visitors from the North are not chief work of the organization. dependent on such circumstances for This commission emphatically as- their interest in Florida. Americans serts that the chief purpose of the from most of the forty-eight states Y. M. C. A. is to build a fellowship add to the population of that peninof boys and men, to "associate them sula during the winter months. They in Chri,stian living, and to help them include men and women of all classes, discover and to accept the full means but most of them seek health and reof Christian discipleship for their freshment in the warmer climate of lives and society." To accomplish this the South. Many are earnest Chrisin any adequate fashion, the Y. M. C. tians and generous supporters of mis- A. must be more than an athletic and sionary work. Some of the best schools social club, with a few Bible classes and churches are found in Florida and and prayer-meetings unequally and ir- several large and influential Bible relevantly yoked to it. Changes are classes. needed, and it is hopeful that their governing principle is declared to be Among the notable activities that the widest possible interpretation of have found a place in Florida are the the Gospel of Jesus.-The Churchman. winter schools of missions. These have now increased to ten, under the leadership of Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Too Many Episcopal Churches Advisory Chairman. They have brought together missionary speakers THE elimination of half of the from all over the world-men and central-city Protestant Episcopal women who have devoted their lives churches in Philadelphia is urged by to serving Christ and their fellowmen. the Hon. Roland S. Morris, former They have braved the dangers and United States Ambassador to Japan hardships of war-stricken China, the and chancellor of the Diocese of Penn- fever-infested jungles of Africa, the sylvania. plague and cholera of India, the heat of the tropics and the rigors of the Mr. Morris has been associated with Arctic regions. This year ten missionthe affairs of the Episcopal Church ary assemblies were held in Florida for many years, and has three times between January 16th and February served as a deputy to the General 6th-in Palm Beach, Miami, Tampa, Convention. Lakeland, St. Petersburg, Clearwater, Orlando, Haines City, Deland, and The central-city churches, of which Stamford. The speakers included there are eight prominent ones, rep- Mrs. Peabody, Mrs. Helen Barrett resent a total investment of more than $7,500,000, of which over $4,000,000 is devoted to endowments. Anyone Montgomery, Dr. Robert H. Glover, of them, Mr. Morris said, thirty-five Dr. Walter Lingle, Dr. Robert Dyer years ago had more members in its of Africa, Mrs. Induk Kim of Korea, Sunday-school than all of them have Rev. J. H. Brady of Japan, and Dr. to-day. Unrevised membership lists Rosalie Morton of the Red Cross. of the eight churches, Mr. Morris declared, show a total membership of Negro Comm.unity Center T less than 6,000, too small a group to HE Negro girl who comes to Bal- timore for the first time has a warrant the large investment. He suggested that the two most historic, place to stay-

The Negro working girl has a so- will be one of the most effective miscial center- sionary agencies. The Chinese are eager readers, and each paper will no Ten organizations have a place to doubt influence several persons. play basketbaIl- Eskimos Attend Church Persons who love music may learn to play an instrument- T HE Eskimo of the far North, ac- cording to The Northern Cross, a Above all, the love of God is given publication of the Barrow Mission, a real expression among members of goes to church most religiously, and the Negro race. This is through the the population of any village may be Sharp Street Memorial Community known from the attendance upon House of Baltimore, one of the few church on Sundays. If this drops upon institutions for work among Negroes any given Vord's Day, it is an unwhich are a part of the World Service questioned fact that a number have of the Methodist Episcopal Church as gone to summer camps or that distant it is administered by the Board of traps have detained men from home. Home Missions and Church Extension. When all are in the village, the at- tendance runs close to three hundred, The community house, erected in and has gone over that figure. The 1921, provides a meeting place for average attendance during the last thirty-two organizations. There is a year has been 179. All who are presdormitory of twelve rooms and a laun- ent at Bible school remain for church dry. Special iI,lterest is taken in the service.-Presbyterian Advance. girl who makes only a living wage and who chooses the community house GENERAL as a home. Young women and girls going to the city as strangers are ac- Roman Catholics cepted in the dormitory over a period of adjustment. In addition to the STATISTICS compiled semi-officialdormitory, there is a circulating li- ly, but regarded by the Vatican as brary and game room, a gymnasium, substantially correct, report at the tearoom, roof garden, and meeting end of 1929, the Roman Catholics in rooms available for rental purposes. the world numbered 341,430,900. Of these 109,097,000 were in North, Cen- An average of 966 persons take ad- tral and South America. (Counting vantage of the community house each the total population of Latin America month. as Roman Catholic.) European Ro- man Catholics numbered 208,882,000; Newspaper Evangelism for Chinese Asiatic, 16,536,900; African, 5,330,- 000; Australian, 1,585,000. This seems THE American Missionary Associa- obviously an exaggerated e·stimate and tion has aided and encouraged a is probably based on the total number unique enterprise for the promotion of members of families one of whom of Christian interest among Chinese occasionally attends a Catholic church, in the United States. A Chinese woman, resident in Portland, Ore., who A Buddhist World Alliance has a rather u,nusual initiative and devotion to her own people, is work- T HE nr,st World Congress of Buding out a plan for giving to substan- dhist Youth was held in Honolulu tial Chinese merchants in various with a view to the formation of an cities of the United States a year's international union. Thl" idea is to subscription to the Chinese Christian form an international union after the InteUige1tcer, the leading interdenom- pattern of the Protestant WorId Alinational Christian weekly paper in liance in order to make Buddhism China. "Newspaper evangelism" has known. A missionary society is to be been a very successful method in J a- formed for active Buddhist propapan and this regular sending of Chris- ganda in opposition to Christianity. tian newspapers to the shops in Chinatowns where Chinese congregKte

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these colum718 will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Pastor and Religious Education. By ual matters, and into a more con- Harry C. Munro. 227 pp. $2. Ab- ingdon Press, New York. sistent Christian practice in daily The author knows whereof he writes conduct, has as much assurance of the and as Director of the International Council of Religious Education, has cooperation of the Holy Spirit as has had wide experience. The purpose of the book is to assist the average pas- the evangelist who convicts the sinner. tor to find his own proper place and to direct the educational program of Unfortunately, the teacher has often his church, and it is refreshing. to find that this is the author's solution assumed that his or her part of the rather than the multiplication of additional machinery. Some of the fol- process was a merely human underlowing questions are intelligently discussed, and each chapter has a brief taking; that after this human process bibliography: Should the church keep pace with modern educational meth- of teaching and learning had been ods? Why do young people leave the church? Is the Junior Church the best carried to a certain point, the students should be turned over to professional leadership, who would, in some mys- terious way, bring about conversion and decision through the cooperation of divine forces. The seeding and cultivation are the work of the teacher, the harvest that of the evan- gelist." S. M. Z.

way out? Can religious education re- A History of Science and Its Relations main a layman's movement? Does a With Philosophy and Religion. By Wil- director solve the problem? Can the liam Cecil Dampier-Whetham. 514 pp. minister take on another task? How $4. Macmillan. New York.

can the pastor become his own educa- This is a work of the first magni- tional director? tude-one of the ablest, most pro- The treatment of these various found, and yet most intelligibly writ- themes is thoroughly up-to-date and ten of the numerous books on the generally satisfactory. We are sur- subject. The author, a great English prised, however, that missions do not thinker and scholar of Cambridge have a larger place on the proposed University and Winchester College, program of religious education, and justly says that no story is more fas- that the importance of the baptism of cinating than that of the development fire and of intercessory prayer in the of scientific thought-man's age-long whole proces·s is not sufficiently em- effort to understand the world in phasized. There is excellent infor- which he finds himself and that the mation regarding the n e c e s s a r y vast and imposing structure of modern machinery, and the author advocates science that has resulted is perhaps simplicity. One would like to learn the greatest triumph of the human more regarding the motive power and mind. Nor does man's interest stop the dynamic of religious education. here. How are the revelations of It is not left out altogether. "The science regarding the earth, man and teacher who works quietly from week the universe related to the revelation to week seeking to guide the growing of God in the Bible and the needs and person into a truer insight in spirit- aspirations of the human Boul? After 235

tracing the history of science from its history of the Nigeria Mission, but beginnings in the ancient world to the latest developments in biology, anthro- rather a panoramic view of the unpology, physics and philosophy, the author concludes that "it is possible folding of a great enterprise in which to accept the fundamentals both of science and .of religion, and wait pa- not only God's guiding hand is everytiently for time to resolve discrepancies." We are confident that the where evident, but also human herothoughtful reader of this volume will concur in the judgment of The New ism and devotion of a high order. It York Times that "as a whole it far surpasses in excellence anyone-volume opens with the cry of the slave in the work of the kind that has so far appeared in the English language." dark days of old Abeokuta, (1821- A.J.B. 1837). It tells of the discovery of the Black River, of the Niger expedition in 1841, the founding of the first sta- tion, beginning of a church, and the decade of expansion, 1851-1860. We read how Crowther founded the Nigeria Mission, how it had dark days, how the Black Bishop was Porto Rico and Its Problems. By the ordained, and how, finally, the work Survey Staff of The Brookings Institu- expanded to the Central Sudan, and tion, Washington. Illustrated;. In- dexed. 707 pp. $5.00. 1930. those who toiled in tears saw a new Nigeria, with highways opened for the This is a rich storehouse of reliable Gospel and a bountiful harvest after information about Porto Rico-its the long seed-sowing. It is a wonder- area, climate, resources, population, ful story, well told, and the end of it agriculture, industries, econ.omics, finances, education, social conditions, is not self-congratulation but an ap- peal to complete the task. "This is no public health, government and reli- time to slacken our efforts. The door gion. Anything and everything that of opportunity stands wide open be- one wishes to know about this inter- fore us. The peoples of Nigeria, by esting island is here. The study was their very needs, call us. The work undertaken at the request of various still undone, and the work half-done, agencies in Porto Rico, by seven call us. The possibilities and promise trained experts of the Brookings In- of the future call us. And in these stitution, under the guidance of its things, if we have ears to hear, we director, Victor S. Clark, formerly shall surely detect the voice of Christ commissioner of education in Porto Himself, call~ng us to go forward in Rico. The recent activity of the pres- His Name." S. M. Z.

ent governor, Theod,ore Roosevelt, in "Uncle Sam's Attic." By Mary Lee Davis. $3.50. W. A. Wild Company, Boston. making known the distressing conditions in the island, lend special timeli- All leaders in missionary effort are glad to get a book that will furnish ness to this volume. It will enable us background and atmosphere for the missionary story. Alaska has been to know more about the people who rich in this kind of material. A num- ber of books have been printed in the have been under the American flag for last decade relating to Alaska. These have been of varying merit. Now over thirty years, and to take a more comes at last a definite book on Alas- ka. Mrs. Davis' book is written in a intelligent interest in their problems sprightly manner. It has all the fac- tual information a book of this sort and welfare. A. J. B. ought to carry. It is brimful of that ethereal quality called atmosphere. The Romance of the Black River-The Even the most unimaginative can Story of the C. M. S. Nigeria Mission. scarcely read this book without get- By F. Deaville Walker. 267 pp. 58. Church Missionary Society, London.

The author is well-known as a writer on African themes, an expert in missions, and with extensive personal knowledge of West Africa. The book is not intended as a complete

BOOKS WORTH READING

ting a whiff of pure reality from the are as great. Although much has al- ready been written about this worker Northland. It is so entertainingly among lonely fishermen on the coast of Labrador in many newspapers and written that it may be read aloud to books, including his own autobiogra- phy, there is room for this additional the home circle, and this is about as volume which makes an appraisement of his character and work that modessevere a test as can be applied to a ty prevented Dr. Grenfell from doing. It is an inspiring narrative of an innonfiction book. spiring life ·of unselfish and splendid devotion to Christ and humanity. Mrs. Davis lived in Alaska, loves A.J.B. Alaska and knows its immense length What Do Present-Day Christians Believe? and breadth. She finds a place in her By James H. Snowden. 357 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. New York. capacious affections for all of the un- This generation bristles with quesderprivileged native tribes. She does tions. There are indeed those who ac- cept their inherited religious ideas as not exclude the sturdy pioneer who is they accept their citizenship, and no more think of questioning the former making history in the growing cities than the latter. But many people, particularly among the young, want and developing prairies of what was to know the whys and the wherefores.

once called "Seward's Folly," in the The Church is feeling the effect of this unrest. The scientific teaching in days of our national ignorance. colleges and universities has under- mined some of the traditional ideas. This Book demands a place in the How shall the Church deal with young men and women who say that they mind of everyone who wishes to know cannot reconcile the old faith and new knowledge? To meet them merely about Alaska, or who Loves Alaska, or with authority or rebuke is worse than futile, it is suicidal. Wherever that who is interested in Alaska from any method has been tried, it has alienated questioners from the Church. angle whatev!)r. A. J. M. The Rev. Dr. James H. Snowden, African Stories. By Albert D. Helser, prominent among the religious leaders, F.R.G.S., Illus. 8vo. 223 pp. $1.75. shows a more excellent way in this Revell. New York. book. He dodges nothing, but frankly faces modern problems. He adopts After eight years as a missionary the method of questions and answers. in Nigeria, Mr. Helser has some in- He states a full hundred questions teresting stories to tell. Many are about God, Christ, man, ,sin, salvation, folk tales revealing native beliefs and miracles, inspiration, the Church, and moral ideas. Some are translations of well nigh everything else that people native material and give an insight are asking today. Each question is into African customs and culture- fairly stated, and then answered especially of the Bura people. The briefly, clearly, and in fine spirit. fifty-five stories are of very unequal Doubters are not scolded, but tactfully merit but they reveal the character of persuaded. Dr. Snowden holds firmly the people, their virtues and their to the evangelical position and makes vices, without moralizing by the mis- the Christian faith and life clear with sionary. a sweet reasonableness. Pastors and Among other subjects the tales give African traditions as to the origin of death, the beginning of trouble, the future life, the use of charms, spirits and friendship. They help us to understand the African and his background.

Forty Years on the Labrador-The Life Story of Sir Wilfred Grenfell. Ernest H. Hayes. 128 pp. Revell. New York. $1.25.

One who notes the wide publicity that is given to the work of Dr. Grenfell may well wish that like general recognition might be given to dozens of other missionaries in Asia and Africa whose devotion and achievements

Christian worker should read it and famous ruins, Edom its geography pass it on to troubled friend. and geology and the people who built A.J. B. up the old civilization. The author traces the romance .of the discovery Orpheus, Myths of the World. By Padraic of this vast city, lost for a thousand Colum. 327 pp. $5. Macmillan. New York. years, and when suddenly almost by This sumptuous volume is a treas- chance found again, its glory was inury of the ancient stories that once expressed the religious ideas of count- delibly carved in its rock-cut ruins. less millions of human beings and, while now relegated to the realm of Beautiful illustrations portray the mythology, have a deep human significance for those who read them to- architecture of temples, monuments day. The editor has ranged over a wide field, giving us the sacred myths and ancient altars. The land of Edom of many peoples-Egyptian, Babylonian, Persian, Jewish, Greek, Roman, occupies a large place in Old Testa- Celtic, Finnish, Icelandic, Indian, Chinese, Japanese, Polynesian, Peru- ment geography, and Dr. Robinson ilvian, Zuni, Mexican, and Central American. These legends come down luminates the text by constant referfrom a far-off time and give the reader a vivid conception of the ences to Old Testament history. Four doubts and fears, the loves and hates and longings of men who, centuries chapters are special contributions by ago, groped in the twilight of history and amid the mists of superstition. missionaries, two by the late Dr. Some of them lend deeper meaning to St. Paul's reference on Mars Hill to George E. Post on Petra and the "an altar with this inscription, 'To an Unknown God' whom ye worship in Botany of Edom, one by Professor Stewart Crawford on the Arab shrine at Mount Hor, and another by Pro- fessor Alfred E. Day on the Geology of Edom. Missionary readers, how- ever, will turn first to the interesting st'Ories and descriptions of the ancient religions and present-day Islam which are woven into the volume. The chap- ter on the alleged tomb of Aaron, which is a famous shrine for Mos- lems, is of special interest. The Gos- pel messenger has not yet come t'O the present Edomites. S. M. Z.

ignorance." An introductory chapter helpfully discusses the significance of The New Sanhedrin or The Revision of the Trial of Jesus. David L. Cooper, mythology, and twenty full-page en- Author and Publisher, Los Angeles, 80 pages. 50 cents. gravings by Boris Astzybasheff, ~n­ Solomon Shwayder, a Jewish lawyer rich this interesting and suggestIve of Denver, and a group of hi.s friends volume. A. J. B.

The Sarcophagus of an Ancient Civiliza- met in March, 1929, to organize a tion. By George L. Robinson. Illus- movement which is like to have his- trated. 495 pp. $7.50. Macmillan. toric significance. The proposal is to New York. "issue a Call from Jerusalem to all Israel throughout the nations of the Whether a Christian scholar writes world, for the lIS,sembly of a Great on mathematics or archreology, he be- Sanhedrin at the Holy City of Jerntrays the presence of the Master. salem, to review the jurisdiction, judg- ments and decrees of the Sanhedrin This sumptuous volume deals pri- acting at Jerusalem during the power marily with an ancient civilization and domination of Rome, and espeand the extraordinary story of its dis- cially to consider and review the life covery and significance is vividly por- and trial of Jesus of Nazareth."

trayed. Dr. Robinson spent thirty In this booklet the author publishes years in the making of this book and paid five long visits to Edom. ~he book is divided into three parts WhICh deal respectively with Petra and its the official documents which have been

issued in connection with this move- that Paul's way was prepared not alone ment, together with three studies of by the Roman and the Greek but also a prophetic character which bear upon by the Jewish propagandist. His story it, and an exposition of the steps al- of this proselytism makes very inter- ready taken or to be taken before esting reading both for the student the final decision will be rendered. of Paul's writings and for him who Because of its possible influence upon would copy his methods. J. C.

Jewish and Christian interpretations Through the Lands of Nyanza. By Wm. J. W. Roome, F.R.G.S. 208 pp. 5s. of the person of Jesus, there is much Marshall, Morgan & Scott. London.

interest in this movement. This little book gives the fact·s as far as they Those who have read the author's former volumes, especially, "Through are now known outside the organiza- Central A f ric a," and "Tramping Through Africa," will gladly welcome tion committee. J. S. C. this further volume, which is a com- panion to the former. It is character- James Hannington. By J. Johnson Leak. ized by the same first-hand observa- 12mo. 64 pp. Is. Pickering & Inglis. tion, thorough knowledge, vivid de- London. 1930. scriptions and sympathetic account of missionary work. He has roamed This mischievous, lovable lad was across the Dark Continent a dozen started on a business career at fifteen. times, studying the native tribes, their He had many opportunities for travel languages, manners and customs, their and was fond of hunting. When he superstitions, and the work of the was converted he entered Oxford to missionaries who are devoting their study for the ministry and proved to lives to African evangelization. The be brilliant as a student and clever as book recounts enough adventures to an artist. After eight years in the satisfy anyone who wants thrills. It ministry at home he went to Africa, is a capital missionary book, and it where later he suffered martydom at thirty-eight. His life is full of in- evokes stronger faith in the power of spirathm but while this story is simply told it is too much of a summary to the Gospel of Christ to transform hugreatly interest the children for whom it is written. Bishop Hannington's man lives. The illustrations are parpen drawings are fascinating.

ticularly good. A. J. B.

Preparing the Way for Paul. By F. W. A Jewish Calendar for 1931 has Derwachter, Ph.D. 165 pp. $1.75. been issued by Rev. S. B. Rohold and Macmillan. New York. Dr. W. M. Christie of the Mount Carmel Bible School at Haifa, Pales- It is not generally recognized that tine. This mission is conducted under shortly before the Christian era Juda- the auspices of the British Jews Soism had become a great missionary ciety and is doing a notable work. The religion. How its monotheism and "calendar" not only contains the dates high ethics had appealed to the Gentile of the Jewish year, compared with the world. How its insistance upon its Christian year, but a list of all the nationalism emphasized by its reaction Jewish feasts and fasts, Biblical and against Christianity cut the roots of traditional, with brief explanations. this appeal. How the history of this The introduction describes the origin movement reveals a hackground of ex- and growth ofthe Jewish Calendar and perience built upon so successfully by its changes. The feasts and fasts and Paul. How its rise and decline fur- anniversaries are accompanied by nish significant lessons for the pres- .scriptural references. There are inent-day missionary. All this is treated teresting notes on the Talmud, a Jist in a scholarly and very readable way of false Jewish Messiahs from 114 to in this book. Dr. Derwachter, a one- 1930 A. D., and explanatory notes on time missionary himself and now a college professor of Greek, maintains

various festivals and anniversaries. India's Religion of Grace and Christianity The editors call attention to the fact Compared and Contrasted. Rudolph that no Jewish Messiah ever appeared, Otto. 143 pp. $2. Macmillan. New claiming to be the fulfilment of Old York. Testament prophecy, until after the advent of Je·sus, the Christ. Junior Stewards of the Bible. Helen Kins- bury Wallace. 75c. Revell. New York.

BRIEF MENTION Japan Mission Year Book-1930. Edited by Paul S. Mayer. 375 pp. 2.50 yen. Pioneerig for J eBUS. The story of Kyo Bun Kwan. Tokyo. Henrietta Hall Shuck. By Thomas S. Dunaway, D.D. 157 pp. Sunday Sch(101 The Land of Behest. C. E. Padwick. 145 Board of the Southern Baptist Con- pp. Is. 6d. Church Missionary Sovention, Nashville, Tenn. The author ciety. London. has enriched the literature of missionary biography by this account of a The Mirror of the Months. Sheila Kayeconsecrated missionary wife who, al- Smith. 68 pp. $1.25. Harper. New though dying at the early age of 27, York. will live in the history of missions as the first American woman to be ap- Morals of Tomorrow. Ralph W. Sockman. pointed for missionary service in 331 pp. $2.50. Harper. New York. China and the founder of the first Christian school for Chinese children. Dr. Main of Hangchow. Kingston de- Gruche. 242 pp. 68. Marshall, Mor- gan & Scott. London.

The Pastor and Religious Education. Harry C. Munro. 227 pp. $2. Abing- don Press. New York.

Sketches from Missionary Life in The Pacific Islands—A Missionary Sur- vey. J. W. Burton. 120 pp. 38.6d. Spain. by Ernest H. Trenchard. 120 pp. World Dominion Press. London. Marshall, Morgan and Scott, London. 28. 6d. A short but interesting ac- Rainbow MissionarY Stories. Stella M. count of incidents, persons and cus- Rudy. $1.50. Revell. New York. tom from the personal observation and experience of a Protestant mis- The Reform Movement in Judaism. Rabbi sionary in Spain. David Philipson. 504 pp. $4.50. Mac- millan. New York. NEW BOOKS The Story of the Near East Relief. James Adventures in Philosophy and Religion. L. Barton. 479 pp. $2.50. Macmillan. James Bissett Pratt. 263 pp. $2. Mac- New York. millan. New York. Tailum Jan. A. T. Houghton. 114 pp. Amazon and the Andes. Kenneth G. 28.6d. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. Lon- Grubb. 296 pp. $5. Dial Press. New don. York. ''We Wrestle."-Report of the C. I. M.- Christian World Facts, No. 13. 44 pp. 1930. 42 pp. London. 15c 10 or more 10c. Foreign Missions Conference. New York. Annual Report Board of Foreign Missions, lteformed Church in America. 128 pp. Christians in China :Before the Year 1550. New York. A. C. Moule. 203 pp. 15s. S. P. C. K., London, or Macmillan. New York. Confucianism: Ethics, Philosophy, Re· ligion. Frederick Starr. 250 pp. $3. The Challenge of Russia. Sherwood Eddy. Covici-Friede. New York. 278 pp. $2.50. Farrar and Rinehart. New York. European Imperialism in Africa. H. L. Hoskins. 118 pp. $1. Holt. New York. Concise and Critical Comments on the :Bible. Robert Young. 800 pp. 68. Pick- Six Great Missionaries of the Sixteenth ering & Inglis. London. and Seventeenth Centuries. David Jenks. 252 pp. 78. 6d. Mowbray. Evangelical Christianity in the Philippine London. Islands. Camilo Osias and Avelina Lorenzana. 240 pp. U. B. Publishing Korea of the Japanese. H. B. Drake. House. Dayton. lIlus. 226 pp. 12s. 6d. Lane. Lon- don. Joan's Randfull. Amy LeFeuvre. 312 pp. 28 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. The Jew and His Neighbor: A Study of the Causes of Anti-Semitism. James Parkes. 202 pp. 58. Student Chris· tian Movement. London.

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1928

AT THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUNCIL ON THE MOUNT OF

PERSONALS The MRS. CHARLES K. Roys, secretary of GOSPEL the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. PLOW and since 1920, and from 1904 to 1920 a missionary of that Board with her late the husband in Shantung Province, China, has accepted the position of Dean of 1912–One village boy in India Wells College for Women at Aurora, who wanted to learn how to be N. Y. a farmer. One tool shed to serve as dormitory, class room and ** demonstration laboratory. One Presbyterian missionary with a BISHOP AND MRS. W. F. OLDHAM of vision. the Methodist Episcopal Church left Buenos Aires in January, and are re- 1928 – Eighty students, high tiring from active service after many caste and low, old-time farmers years spent in India, Singapore, the and modern uni versity gradu- United States and South America. ates. Buildings and property worth nearly half a million dol- PROFESSOR LOO*TFY* L*EVONIAN, of the lars. A staff of twelve who have caught the vision. School of Religion in Athens, Greece, is at present in America in the interests of Sixteen years of Christianity in Christian work for Moslems and peoples action have brought this result. of the Near East. Prof. Levonian was Allahabad Institute has helped formerly connected with the Evangelical the Government to pU5h the Church in Asia Minor but with other danger of famine farther away Armenians was forced to leave his na- from hunger-ridden India. Selftive land. He has written many valuable support has brought self-respect tracts on the Christian approach to Mos- to hopeless outcastes. Men of lems and is to speak at the World's Sun- high caste have learned to drop dav-school Conventiol1 in Los Angeles on old prejudices while working "Winning Moslems to Christ." A book side by side with those they by him on "The Moslem Attitude Toward once scorned. Hindu and Mosthe Gospel" is to be published in England lem alike have learned that in in June. Christ all men are brothers.

OBITUARY Allahabad Institute needs your help. It can increase its service DR. WALTER F. SEYMOUR, medical mis- if you will help increase its ensionary of the Presbyterian Church in dowment. Buildings, equipment the U. S. A. at Tsining, Shantung Prov- and salaries should be enlarged. ince, China, was shot to death by a "The Gospel and the Plow" will Chinese soldier on April 16th, when try- mean fulIer'life to a quarter of ing to prevent the Nationalist soldiers a billion people. Send your from entering the girls' school of the check now. Mission. He went out to China in 1893. Send for the leaflet, RIGHT REV. JOS'"EPH* S'". MOTODA, Bishop "Look on the FieJ,ds." of the Protestant Episcopal Church since 1923, died in Tokyo on April 16th. Ssm Hi.g.ginbottom DR. FARRAND B'"AKE'"R *PIERSON, for some BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. years a missionary to Central America, and later a member of the Home Coun- 156 Fifth Aveuue, New York cil of the African Inland Mission also of the Union Missionary Training School of Brooklyn, died at his home in New Rochelle, New York, on Wednesday morning, May 9th. Dr. Pierson was born in Detroit, Michigan, October 12, 1876, a son of the late Dr. Arthur T. Pierson, and of the late Sarah Francis Benedict Pierson. He was deeply interested in all forms of Christian service' and, as a "beloved physician," heex– amined many missionary candidat~_sand helped a large number of missiim~vies t9. regain health so that they could&futitl'ue in active service. When incapacitated by iUness from 'practicing medicine he' purchased a Braille typewriter with which he made books for the blind. These' ·were accepted for circulation hy the New York Public Library.

Plea.., mention THE MISsIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD In wrltlng to advertisers. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor JUNE TABLE OF CONTENTS FRONTISPIECE-DEr. EGATES AT THE IXTERXATIO~Ar. MISSlONARY COUNCIl~ ON THE ~fOU~T Page OF OLIVES CHRISTIANS OF MANY NATIONS A'l' JEReSALEM ……………… ROBERT E. SPEER 421 A story of the recent mcettng of the Internutimwl Mi8sionary Council on the -,Yount oj OU-1)CS (UJ seen by mn American delegate.

A SOUTH AFRICAN VIEW OF THE COllNCIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAVIDSON D. T. JABAVU 428 A professor of the South Africwn Native College at Ft. Hare interprets the meeting'S of the Oonference to hilt people.

VOICES FROM JERUSALEM CALLING INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AIlGUSTINE RALI,IA RAM 431 A representative oj the Student OhriBt'ia,n A88oaiati()1t oj India, Burma and Oeylon in- terpret. the me8Bage of the (Jon!crcnce to In&/a.

THE MEANING TO LATIN AMERICA …………………….•…. JOHN A. MACKAY 435 The 8catck missionary, now a reUpions work secretnry of the South American Ji'cdera- tion oj the Y. M. O. A. intc'rpret8 jar La,tin Amt'r'ic(~.

NUGGETS FROM A DELEGATE'S NO'rEBOOK •………………. MILTON T. STAUFFER 436 Quotable extracts froui a·ddres8cs and conference 'reports.

A CALL TO PRAYER FROM JERUSALEM .•….•…••.•……………………. 437 THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE TO ALL MEN..•…..••…………………………. 443 A statement 0/ the Gospel adopted at Jer'lf,8alcm as a oasis for mission,nry activity.

WEALTH IN CENTRAL AFRICA ……………………………. JOHN M. SPRINGER 451 The story of minflllg physical and spiritual riches in a Central African camp.

MY FRIEND, THE SHULLA WOMAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MRS. D. S. OYLER 461 A biographlcal sketch oj a Christia.n convert in the Egyptian Suda·n.

THE WORLD'S SUNDAY·SCHOOL PROGRESS •.••••……..•……. SAMUEL iL PRICE 463 A record of a.chiC'liCment8 during the prz.,st quadrennium and the challenge to lie met at L08 AngelCB.

CAREY'S INFI,UENCE CONTINUES ………………….•..•..•… AI,TON B. JACOR" 466 UNNAMED CHRISTIANITY IN TURKEy …………………………………… . 467 Extracts from the '11urkish Press rcjfectimg 7"trkish opinion aR to religions liberty in, mi8sion 8chools.

WOMEN'S RIGHTS IN TURKEy.•.•..•…………………………………….. 470 THE IRISH CHURCH IN DAlIIASCUS …••••………………………………..•. 471 TOPICS OF THE TIMES ……….•…•……………………………………. 473 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE JERUSALEM COUNCIL. WHAT IS HAPPENING IN CHINA.

ATHE1SM IN RUSS1A AND AMERICA.

METHODS FOR WORKERS …..•……….•………………………..•.••….. 479 A PASTOR'S TE$TIMONY, BY VILL1AM S. MARQL'J}s.

A UN1QUE PROGRAM, BY MRS. E[)WARD JORDAN.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ………… EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 485 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EDIT"" BY FLORENCE E. QUlNMN 488 WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK ……………………………………………….. . 490 BOOKS WOR'l'H READING 509 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY. Inc.

ROBBRT E. SPEER, Prealdent WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretarv WALTIlB McDoOGALL, Treruurer Publication Office. 3d '" Reily St•., Harrisburg. Pa. 25e a copy. $2.GO a year. Editorial and Business Office. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York Cit,.

Entered as second-Class matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. COMING EVENTS Conferences and Schools of MisBions International Missionary Union, Clif- Affillated with Federation of Woman's Boards ton Springs, N. Y., May 30-June 3. of Foreign Mlaalona and Counell of Women for Home Mlaalona. Dates and Chairmen.

General Synod, Reformed Church in Bethesda, Ohio-July 16-20. America, New York, N. Y., June 7-13. Miss Mary I. Scott, 310 Tomlinson Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. Northern Baptist Convention, Detroit, Mrs. Love Sheets, 5th and Jefferson, Mich., June 16-21. Moundsville, W. Va.

General Assembly of the Church of Boulder, Colorado–In June. the Na:zarene, Columbus, Ohio, June 13- Mrs. Henry F. Hoffman, 1318 E. 26. Dakota St., Denver, Colo. Mrs. Frank I. Smith, 515 E. 11th Interdenominational Conference on Ave., Denver. Evangelism, Northfield, Mass., June 20- 22. 3 Chautauqua, New York-August 12-17. Mrs. John Ferguson, 105 East 22d Baptist World Alliance Congress, St., New York, N. Y. Toronto, Canada, June 23-29.

General Conference, Church of the 2 Chautauqua, New York—Aug. 19-24. Brethren, La Verne, CaL, June 27-July 4. Mrs. Wm. A. Montgomery, 144 Dart- mouth St., Rochester, New York. World's Sunday-school· Association Convention, Los Angeles, CaL, July 11-18. Illinois – Missouri (Greenville, II1.)- June 18-22. General Conference of the Seventh Day Baptists, Riverside, Cai., July 23-30. Mrs. J. D. Bragg, 638 Oakwood Ave., Webster Groves, Mo. Woman's Christian Temperance Union Convention, La)lsanne, Switzerland, July 1 Kerrville, Texa8-Aug. 2-9. 26-Aug.2. Mrs. H. W. Hamilton, Cotulla, Texas.

National Convention, Evangelical Lake Geneva, Wisconsin–June 25-July League, Evangelical Synod, Milwaukee, 2. Wis., Aug. 7-12. Mrs. Henry Harmeling, 24 East National Association of Workers 107th St., Chicago, Ill. Among Colored People, Winston-Salem, Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, 1021 .So. Elm- N. C., Aug. 14-19. wood Ave., Oak Park, Ill.

World Youth Peace Congress, Eerde, Minnesota (Minneapolis – St. Paul)- Holland, Aug. 17-26. June 18-22.

International Christian Press Confer- Mrs. A. W; Goldsmith, 944 Ashland ence, Cologne, Germany, Aug. 16-22. Ave., St. Paul, Minn. Mrs. F. F. Lindsay, 25 Seymour Ave., WorId Alliance for International S. E., Minneapolis. Friendship Through the Churches, Prague, Czecho-Slovakia, Aug. 24-30. Mt. Hermon,Calijorniar-July 21-28. Mrs. C. W. Brinstad, 2929 Lincoln Universal. Christian Conference on Way, San Francisco, Calif. Life and Work, Prague, Ozecho-Slovakia, Aug. 31-Sept. 5. Mountain Lak6 Park, Maryland-JUly 27-August 2. National Baptist Convention, Louisville, Ky., Sept. 4-10. Mrs. F. I. Johnson, 150 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. Universal Religious Peace Conference, Geneva, Switzerland, Sept. 12-14. a Northfield, Massachusetts (East North- field)-July 5-13. National Convention, Evangelical Brotherhood, Evangelical Synod, In- Mrs. Charles E. Blake, 7 Angell dianapolis, Ind., Sept. 16-19. Court, Providence, R. I.

Convention, Women's Missionary So- 2 Northfield, Massachusetts-July 13-21. ciety, United Lutheran Church, Johns- Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Beverly, town, Pa., .sept. 22-27. Mass.

Convention of the United Lutheran WilBon College, Chambersburg, Pa.- Church, Erie, Pa., Oct. 9-. June 27-July 4.

Miss Mary C. Peacock, Torresdale, Pa.

General Convention of the Protestant' Winona Lake-June 21-28. Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, 1021 S. Elm- Episcopal Church, Washington, D. C., wood Ave., Oak Park, Ill. Oct.10-.

Federal Council of the Churches, 1 Affiliated with the Federation. Quadrennial Meeting, Rochester, N. Y., tlo~~orelgn only. A1liliated with the Federa- Dec. 5-12. 3 Home only. Conducted by the CouncIL (Dr. and Mrs. John R. Mott and Dr. Wm. Paton are in the center of the first row)

LI, No.6 June

CHRISTIANS OF MANY NATIONS AT JERUSALEM THE ENLARGED INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COUNCIL ON THE MOUNT OF OLIVES BY ROBERT E. SPEER, New York A UNIQUE and unprecedented burgh Conference of 1910. When gathering assembled in Je- that conference closed it was felt rusalem on March 24th and that some provision should be made sat in conference until April 8th for the continuing care of the com- at the call of the International Mis- mon influences which flowed from sionary Council. It was composed it and the Continuation Committee of a little more than two hundred was the result. It was, however, members, half of them from the a self-perpetuating and nonrespon- churches of the nominally Chris- sible body which depended for its tian countries in Europe and authority upon a conference which America and Australia and New had adjourned and was receding Zealand, which have sent out mis- into the past. In due time, accord- sionaries in the foreign missionary ingly, this committee gave way and enterprise, and the other half from merged into a new body periodicalthe missionaries of these Churches ly appointed by and responsible to and from the newer Churches the various representative nation- which have grown out of their al foreign missionary agencies, work. One third of the entire num- like the Foreign Missions Confer- ber, consequently, were represent- ence of North America, which for atives of these newer Churches of thirty-five years has been the co- mission lands. In this, as in many operative association of all the forother respects, the Jerusalem eign mission boards of the United Council differed f,rom the Edin- States and Canada. This new body, burgh Missionary Conference and the International Missionary Coun- from every other missionary or cil, consisted of seventy members church conference which has ever chosen by the constituent agencies been held. which included the three national The International Missionary councils or committees of the Council is the successor of the Con- churches and missions in Japan, tinuation Committee of the Edin- China and India. It was expected 421

to meet every second year and Jeremiah's home, and down across three such meetings had been held the barren wilderness of Judea to -in 1921 at Lake Mohonk, in 1923 the valley of the Jordan and the in Oxford, and in 1925 in Rattvik, green fields about Jericho, to the Sweden. It was felt, however, that Dead Sea, in clear view, and to the in view of present world conditions mountains of Moab and to Nebo in the foreign missionary under- where the angels of God laid Moses taking a larger and more prolonged to his rest. Westward we looked conference was needed. In conse- down the slope of Olivet to Geth- quence, with the approval of the semane and the valley of Kedron and national organizations, the mem- just beyond, to the whole city of bership of the Council for a special Jerusalem spread out beneath us, gathering was trebled, a number with its walls and the Sheep Gate of special counsellors were invited, by the Pool of Bethesda, and the provision was made for a unique Gate Beautiful closed up in the representation from the native or wall, with the Temple area and the indigenous Churches and the en- domes and minarets of the mosques larged Council met in the birth and the domes and towers of the place of the Christian faith for the churches and Gordon's Calvary and fortnight ending with Easter. the Tomb in the Garden just north Time alone will reveal the true of Herod's Gate. The dearest and significance and result of the gath- holiest of all the memories of hu- ering but those who were present manity flowed about the Council regarded it as the greatest experi- and filled with their sweetness ence of their lives and it will be every hour and every heart.

well to try to give the readers of The unity of these memories and the REVIEW a brief account of its the faith and love beneath them character and proceedings. bound together the men and wom- The Historic Memories en who had come from all the ends of the earth to Jerusalem, from The Council met on the Mount fifty-two different countries and of Olives in the great stone build- from all the races, thirteen Chi- ing erected by the Germans as a nese, fifteen Indians, five Japanese, hospice and sanitarium which had four Koreans, four Latin Ameri- been taken over as headquarters cans, Burmese, Singalese, Egyp- of the government of Palestine aft- tian, Malagasy, Filipino, Siamese, er the war, but which the govern- African, and the races of the West.

ment had given up for such use We came from all the evangelical after the earthquake of last year Churches. From the United States which seriously damaged the build- and Canada there were fifty of us ing and also the new Jewish Uni- and from Great Britain thirty, versity near by. The damage had from Germany ten, from Nether- been measurably repaired and the lands three, from Scandinavia delegates lived in improvised bar- eight. There was one bishop from racks and ate together and as- Japan and there were eight bishops sembled in the meetings of the and four canons of the Church of Council in the great halls of the England who rendered immeasur- sanatorium. Eastward from the able service to the cause of the place of meeting we looked over Gospel and to the missionary en- Bethany and Anathoth, which was terprise. No one spoke with deep-

CHRISTIANS OF MANY NATIONS AT JERUSALEM

er evangelical loyalty or purer V. Christianity and the Growth of fervor or devotion. VI. Industrialism in Asia and Af- rica. William Paton. There was an erect, straight- VII. The Christian Mission in Relaspeaking chief of Uganda and there tion to Rural Problems. Papers were extraordinarily capable and by Kenyon L. Butterfield, Wilcourageous women not from the liam J. McKee, and Thomas Western lands alone but also from Jesse Jones. China and Korea and India and The Future of International Mis- sionary Cooperation. J. R. Mott.

Japan. And the German delega- VIII. The Unfinished Evangelistic Task. Charles H. Fahs. tion brought a note of the simplest and most unswerving faithfulness Not all of these were taken up to the New Testament and to the for consideration but for the first convictions and principles and week from a half day to two days was given to each major subject. ideals of primitive Christianity. Each of these was opened and then The Subjects Considered discussed in seven-minute speeches The plan of the gathering was and then referred to one of the ten very simple and efficient. A series sections into which the Council of papers had been prepared and broke up for the second week.

circulated in. advance of the Coun- Each of these sections in turn, cil meeting on the following topics: when it had reached a conclusion, 1. The Christian Life and Message appointed a findings committee to in Relation to Non-Christian draft its mind. The reports of Systems. . these committees were then pre- 1. Christianity and Islam. W. H. sented to the Council as a whole T. Gairdner. 2. Christianity and Hinduism. Nicol Macnicol. and debated and corrected and re- ferred back for revision and then 3. Christianity and Confucian- ism. J. Leighton Stuart. finally adopted in plenary session. 4. Christianity and Northern Buddhism. A. K. Reischauer. In this way extended statements 5. Christianity and Buddhism. were issued as the mind of the Kenneth Saunders. 6. Christianity and Secular Civ- Council on the following themes: ilization. Rufus M. Jones. The Christian Life and Message in Re- 7. Our Christian Task in a Ma- lation to Non-Christian Systems.

terialistic World. Rufus M. Religious Education, Jones. Christianity and Industrial Problems. 8. Religious Values in Confucian- Christianity and Racial Relationships. ism: A Source Book of The Christian Message in Relation to Facts and Opinions. D. Wil- Rural Problems. lard Lyon, ed. II. Religious Education. Luther A. Relations of the Older and Younger Churches. Weigle and J. H. Oldham. III. The Rei a t ion between the Medical Missions. Cooperation and The Home Base. You n g e r and the Older IV. Churches. A. L. Warnshuis. Then there were briefer resolu- The Christian Mission in the Light of Race Conflict. tions on work for the Jews, the 1. Relations between the Black Protection of Missionaries and and White Races in Amer- ica. John Hope, T. J. Woof- War. The findings, of course, had ter, Jr., and others. regard for the character of the 2. Relations between the Black Council as a missionary body. But and White Races in South two things were clearly seen, one Africa. J. Dexter Taylor. that all Christianity must be mis- 3. Relations between the Occi- dental and Oriental Peoples sionary and the other that all mis- on the Pacific Coast of North sions and missionary practice and America. Galen M. Fisher.

preaching and ideal and conception but ultimately men came to see the must be Christian. The first of necessity of a statement firm in its these issues became very clear in grasp of the central issues, but a discussion which originated from flexible and comprehensive in its China and Japan over the proposal view of method. Several para- to change the Council's name from graphs may be quoted: International Missionary Council "No more important problem confronts to International Christian Council. the older and younger churches alike It was easy to understand and sym- than to discover the secret of a living, pathize with the purpose of the indigenous Church. A Church, deeply suggestion. In China there is only rooted in God through Jesus Christ, an one national organization, the Na- integral part of the Church Universal, tional Christian Council, embrac- may be said to be indigenous: ing both Chinese and missionaries, and it was felt that a foreign mis- "(a) When its interpretation of Christ sionary council would not ade- and its expression in worship and servquately represent the international ice, and in art and architecture, incorinterests of this National Chris- porate the worthy characteristics of the tian Council. This is quite true people, conserving at the same time the and such a Council as this in China heritage of the Church in all lands and should be related, in its wider as- in all ages. pects, to world movements like the Stockholm Conference on Life and "(b) When through it, the Spirit of Jesus Christ penetrates all phases of Work and the Lausanne Confer- life, bringing to His Service all the ptlence on Faith and Order, and to tentialities of both men and women. any international association of national Christian Councils or Fed- "(c) When it actively shares its life eral Councils. But on the other with the nation in which it finds itself. hand it was clearly seen that the life and power of the Internation- " (d) When it is alert to the problems al Missionary Council are based on. of the times and, as a spiritual force in its distinctive missionary or ex- the community, courageously and sympapansion character and that in the thetically makes its contribution to their solution. West the agencies which enter into it have only such a charter from "(e) When it is kindled with the mistheir Churches and also it was in- sionary spirit.

"The fostering of such an indigenous Church depends on the building up of its spiritual life through communion with God in prayer and in public and private worship; throughk'nowledge of the Bible i'n the vernacular; through a sense of Christian 'stewardship; through an in- digenclUs leadership of men and women who will' share their religious experi- ence; and through adventure in service and self-exp'ress'ion. In such a Church, the problems of discipline, polity, control and financial support will naturally as- sume their proper places."

creasingly recognized by the These paragraphs are followed younger, indigenous Churches that by sensible sections on self-sup- what they supremely need is to lay port, on institutions, leadership, hold of and to be laid hold of by Christian literature, and Christian the missionary ideal and obligation unity.

as the central and essential element The Findings in the idea of a real and living It would be well, if there were church. space, to present here in full all This indeed was made clear in the the findings of the Council or at ultimate findings on the subject least to summarize them. That is of the Relation of the Older and not possible, but they will all be Younger Churches. At first there made available in report form as seemed to be hopeless confusion or soon as possible. Something may divergence of view on this problem be 'S}tid,' however, on three matters.

CHRISTIANS OF MANY NATIONS AT JERUSALEM

First as to the protection of mis- fence of their' missionaries and their property. sionaries. It was felt by some of "Further, the Council instructs its the European members of the officers to collect and circulate to the na- tional missionary organizations informa- Council that it was not the function tion concerning any action regarding of the Council to deal with this but this matter that has been or may be it was recognized that if such a taken by the missionary societies. subject was not appropriate for the Council's action surely much that "Finally, the International Missionary Council desires to record its conviction that the foreign missionary enterprise it had done was inappropriate. It is a spiritual and moral'and not a powas felt also by many that the litical enterprise and its work should be subject had been seen very much carried on within two great human out of proportion by some and that rights alone, the right of religious freea phase of missionary problem in dom for all men, and the maintenance by each nation of law and order for all within its bounds."

a limited area of one land, where Something should be said also extra-territorial and political dis- with regard to the place of women organization presented exceptional in the Council. There were thirtyconditions, had been untruly uni- four women delegates and no conversalized. People from most lands tribution was more impressive than thought the proposed resolution to the witness of women from Japan, be unreal and even misleading for China, India, and Korea, and the them but after a long and earnest Moslem Lands as to the place of discussion lasting till midnight of women in the different religions the closing business day of the of the world and as to what Chris- Council the following statement tianity had done for those who was adopted, though not without spoke and for the womanhood dissent: which they knew. In no enterprise "Inasmuch as Christian missions in- have women come nearer to their volve the largest possible identification of the missionary with the people of the right place than in foreign miscountry of his adoption; and sions but even here it is still hard "Inasmuch as missionaries have gen- for many men to discern what Mr. erally relied upon the goodwill of the lleollie among whom they live and the Kidd set forth with such insight protection of the government of the lo- and prophecy in his posthumous cality for the protection of their lives book "The Secret of Power." But and property; and slowly the power which God'taught in the miracle of The Virgin Birth "Inasmuch as missionaries, both as in- makes its way. When God sent dividuals and in groups, and several forth His Son it was enough that missionary societies have asked that he should be born of a woman. steps be taken to make plain that they After the Council had adopted a do not depend upon or desire the protec- bold and Christian declaration on tion of foreign military forces in the country of their residence; and "Inasmuch as the use or the threat of armed forces of the country from which they come for the protection of the mis- the question of race about which sionary and missionary property creates foreign missions must be Christian widespread misunderstanding as to the underlying motive of the Christian mes- or be doomed, a resolution was ofsage: "The International Missionary Coun- fered which the chief from Uganda cil places on record its conviction said took his breath away though "(1) That the llrotection of mission- it was right, and the Council aries should only be by such methods as passed it without a word of debate will promote goodwill in personal and or dissent: "The principles and official relations, and urges upon all mis- ideals which this Council has sionary societies adopted in the Report on Racial "(2) That they should make no claim on their governments for the armed de-

Relationship with regard to the addresses that day were two de- equal rights of races, this Council votional addresses by Mr. Max declares and maintains with regard Yergan of Africa and Mr. K. T.

to the equal rights of men and Paul of India. Monday evening women in and among all races." Dr. David Yui of China, Tuesday, What an upheaval is ahead of the Dr. S. K. Datta on India, Wednes- world when at last St. Paul's great day, Bishop Temple of Manchester, principle in this matter begins to on "The Historic Christian Fellow- operate, "neither male nor female." ship," Thursday, Bishop McCon- The Future of Missionary Work nell of Pittsburgh, and Prof. R. H. Tawney of London, on "The Bear- The one other matter out of a ing of Christianity on Social and multitude of which one must speak, Industrial Questions," Friday, Prowas the unmistakable answer of fessor Heim of the the University the Council to the idea that the of Tubingen, on "What is it in the work of the foreign missionary is Gospel which Commands us?" and done. The immense unreached on the following Monday, Profesareas came clearly into view. The sor Hocking of Harvard, who younger Churches declared their brought great help with him, on inequality to the vast task before "Psychological Conditions for them and their need of continuing Growth in Religious Faith." The and enlarged cooperation from the other evenings of the meetings Churches of the Council in the ex- were given to other general dispansion of their effort and the gift cussions except the Sunday eveof their best men and women. Mr. ning of April first when three true Paul of India, named as the two missionaries made noble addresses best loved and most desired for- on the fundamental evangelistic eigners in India north and south, purpose of our foreign missionary two Christian missionaries. In all work-Dr. John Mackay of South lands Christ is the supreme need America, Bishop Linton of the and therefore men and women in Church of England Mission in Perwhom Christ lives and through sia, and Dr. Stanley Jones of Inwhom Christ goes forth to the dia. Throughout the Council these world are needed everywhere. three spoke always of the great central convictions of the Gospel It was agreed by all, however, and embodied its great spirit. that the most significant thing in the Council meeting was the ab- Christian Communion solute unanimity of the Council at the point where it seemed most dif- Among the meetings those which ficult and improbable. Before re- will linger in our hearts were the ferring to that miracle however, two communion services in which something should be said in the all who wished, and who could, way of report of the general meet- came together in perfect fellow- ings and spirit of the Council. It ship and love about the table of was opened with a general address our Lord; the Sunday afternoon by Dr. Mott on Saturday evening. talk by Bishop MacInnes, as we The sermon on the first Sunday sat on the slope of Olivet overlook- morning was by the Bishop of ing Jerusalem, and as he described Salisbury on the text "Behold I the building of the city and pointed make all things new." The evening out the scenes of our Lord's life

CHRISTIANS OF MANY NATIONS AT JERUSALEM

in it; the morning walk on Palm keen ecstasy of the hour when the Sunday from Bethany to Olivet Bishop of Manchester came to the with scripture and prayer and last words of the statement on the hymn on the way; the Thursday Christian Message, and we knew evening Communion at Christ that God had given to the Council Church near the Jaffa Gate and the a restatement of the Gospel in walk through the silent streets of terms, rooted in reality, emerging the city, through the Sheep Gate, from a profound and coherent to Gethsemane; and the hour of theology, and vibrating and real prayer under the olive trees with for the new generation. Of all ut- the Paschal moon shining on the terances given since the War temple area across the valley of through corporate Christian wit- Kedron ; and the last service, ness this seems to the writer to where men and women of many be incomparably the greatest."

races spoke and the Bishop of The REVIEW prints the message en- Salisbury made a simple and noble tire in the present issue.

appeal to us all, and Dr. Mottsaid With the adoption of the report the appropriate closing words. the Council knew its way and But the last words of this report passed on in joy to the closing days.

must refer to the unity to which in And then in the strength of the His great grace God brought the Resurrection it waited together on Council with regard to "The Chris- that ever memorable Easter Day tian Message." Many had feared and on Easter Monday separated that here at the very centre and on the ways that cross the world, heart of all it might be found that but to walk together in that one we could not speak with the old way of which I read afresh in the and authentic and united witness. quietness of the Church that Many, it was known, could do so, Maundy Thursday evening not far but had there been in the foreign from the spot where Jesus stood mission enterprise a faIling away? in Caiaphas' house; The Continental delegates had met He who would valiant be in advance in Egypt on their way 'Gainst all disaster, to Jerusalem and had voiced their Let him in constancy misgivings. But the Spirit of God Follow the Master. wrought a wonder, and when, after hours of work, the committee Thus no discouragement on the Message made its report Shall make him once relent, His first avowed intent To be a pilgrim.

through the Bishop of Manchester, Whose beset him round the Council knew that its mind was With dismal stories, one and that the words to utter Do but themselves confound; it had been found. The first His strength the more is. thought was to adopt the report No foes shall stay his might, Tho' he with giants fight; without a moment of delay but in He will make good his right patience the Council waited until To be a pilgrim.

the morning following and then Since Lord Thou doest defend without dissent and rising as in Us with Thy Spirit, the unity of Christ it made the message its own. "No one indeed, We know we at the end who was present," says Mr. Basil Shall life inherit; Mathews, "can ever forget the Then fancies flee away, I'll fear not what men say, I'll labor night and day To be a pilgrim.

A SOUTH AFRICAN VIEW OF THE

BY PROF. DAVIDSON D. T. JABAVU, B.A., Fort Hare, South Africa South African Native Oollege~ Alice, Oape Province O NE almost doubts if there per cent of the aborigines are ever was such a unique as- dwellers in rural districts but many semblage as that which are landless; and the Lands Act of gathered at Jerusalem in March. 1913 has allocated only twelve per Africa was represented, apart cent of the land of South Africa from the white missionaries who have made her the land of their for its four and a half million adoption, by three unbleached sable blacks as against eighty-eight per sons of the soil, namely, the Rt. Rev. Adolphus W. Howells, a cent for one million and a half typical Negro from Nigeria; by Europeans. Those who have land the Chief Kulubya of Uganda; by the present writer from Cape need the assistance of Farmers' As- sociations to guide them in their Province. The first general subject was operations. It will therefore cheer my people to observe among the Christianity in Relation to Other findings the following paragraph: Religious Systems; the second was The Relations of Older and "The rural work in mission fields is Younger Churches. This was fol- an organic part of the service demanded lowed by Christian Religious Edu- of the Church everywhere, East and cation. But the subject that struck West, to lead in the effort to build a one with its surprising freshness rural civilization that shall be Christian was The Christian Message in Re- to the core. This effort looks toward the lation to Rural Problems; because development of an intelligent, literate it revealed that in almost all the and efficient rural popUlation, well organnon-European countries Christian- ized and well led, who shall share the economic, the political and the social emancipation, as well as the continual advancement of the masses of men, who shall participate fully in world affairs, and who shall be motivated and inspired by the Christian spirit."

ity was concerned with predomi- South Africa will naturally be nantly rural populations. Some of profoundly interested in the discus- the difficulties specially associated sion on Racial Relationships by Dr.

with such people were: poverty, il- Hope and Dr. Woofter of the United literacy and ignorance. Such folks States of America and by Dr.

were invariably at the mercy of Dexter Taylor of South Africa.

superstition, quack doctors, ex- The discussion was led by three tortionate money-lenders, a pen- colored speakers, the first of whom chant for litigation, debt, low was Dr. I. Hope, President of wages and inadequate land. Among Moorehouse College, Atlanta, Ga., the solutions proferred was the who cautioned the audience against establishment of Farmers' Unions the growing and voluminous litera- along with the training of agricuI- ture on the subject by ambitious tural missionaries who, as Dr. Dif- people who chose this subject as an fendorfer maintained, should be easy thesis for graduation inas- trained not in the city but in the much as the examiners know country, and preferably nationals. little or nothing about it! He re- In South Africa eighty-eight marked, white people often main- 428 tain lofty ethics in dealing with registered in the statute books of each other but strangely enough the Union Government of South leave out the Negro in their code. Africa. Mr. Basil Mathews (Ge- Even a good character on the part neva) proposed the adoption of of a colored man does not solve the a program of investigations by exinterracial problem. Even educa- perts with a view to an authoritation, taken by itself, provides no tive collation of the facts, in which salvation. Dr. Hope pinned his the causes of racial friction shaH faith in the fine sense of justice be codified and solutions sought as found among the best citizens and to the light shed thereon' by the the inexorable working of the teaching of Jesus Christ. The present writer explained how in spirit of Jesus Christ in the hearts of men.

Rev. Max Yergan of South Africa pleaded for a better recognition of personality in all men irrespective of their color; and for the development of cooperation with constructive aims by means of Joint Councils and the Student Movement. Bishop Uzaki of Japan urged the Christian principle of the Golden Rule.

During the subsequent discussion several important phases of the question were brought out: Dr. Zwemer pointed out that racial pride was one of the weaknesses in Christian practice as against the practice of some of the other religions. The Rev. RaIla Ram (India) said this weakness was un- DR. JOHN R. MOTT, THE BISHOP OF fortunately characteristic of some MANCHESTER AND THE PRINCE OF races other than European as, for UGANDA AT JERUSALEM example, the caste system in India with its despised class of untouch- South Africa the young men and ables. Among the English it was women who belonged to the Stucharacterized by social snobbish- dents' Christian Association are ness and the domination complex. taking the lead and showing an The present writer asserted that advanced outlook in the matter race prejudice was a stumbling- thus proving that Jesus Christ is block and a veritable hindrance to the only solution of the problem. the progress of Christianity because it produces pride in those The subject "Christianity and who favor color discrimination as Industrial Problems" drew a well as social insults and ostracism highly informative discussion with the exploitation of the help- showing that organized Chrisless, not to mention the series tianity throughout the world was of anti-native legislation or laws keeping abreast of modern views. such .as were being continuously Dr. Ren Yen Lo of Shanghai urged that

"We should be clear in the statement tained-such as missionaries and of our attitude that we are neither cap- nationals, home and foreign italists nor oppressors, as against the spheres, conservatives and modernaccusation that we Christians act as ists, fundamentalists and sciopiates to drug backward peoples, and entists. Classes, he said, had faded that we are merely tools of imperialists. away together with the problems We should make it clear that the Church of Europe. We did not settle the stands for the salvation of individuals as differences but transcended them! well as society and nations." Marginal things had become cen- tral. In our outlook and attitudes The present writer informed the we were unified by the spirit of Council that organized Christianity Jesus Christ just as when Peter had a duty to perform in helping at Pentecost spoke and all hearts and evangelizing such growing beat together as one. All of us, whether Anglican or Quaker, and inevitable movements as the Methodist or Presbyterian, have I. C. U. (an aboriginal trades union been under the fire of critical of industrial and. commercial scrutiny from within and without. workers in South Africa) which Our test is: Are we tentative? claimed quite a fifth of the total of urbanized African laborers but Are we stammering? No! We had unwittingly done its cause have proved ourselves under God irreparable harm by the use of to have the courage to give our violent language, with the result message in unmistakable accents. that the Government had passed specific legislation to curtail liberty The final appeal of the Council of speech and meetings among was a Call to Prayer and a Revival African indigenous races. The urged by the Bishop of Salisbury, conference was asked to pass a and this was followed by the conresolution in favor of the principle cluding address of the chairman of the legitimacy of workers' (Dr. Mott) who rose to the height organizations and also their recog- of his well-known oratory: "We nition by their respective govern- shrink from parting and from ments on the lines approved by the thinking of the gigantic problems International Labor Bureau. The before us. We need superhuman findings under this head constitute power! Christ demands and coman epochal forward step by world mands our superhuman strength. Christian missions because in them Our secret shall be the use of our the Council has given expression to memory in recalling the events of its conviction that "the Gospel of the conference at Olivet and our Christ contains a message, not only pilgrimage thereto; the use of our for the individual soul, but for the imagination in gazing at our New world of social organization and Jerusalem; our practice of the economic relations …… and that presence of God. Christ went out the advancement, by thought, as His custom was to the Mount of speech and action of social Olives to pray, to preserve His righteousness, is an essential and contact with God and to recharge vital part of the Christian message His spiritual battery. If Christ found this necessary, what preto mankind." sumption and folly will it be for Dr. E. Stanley Jones summarized any of us to attempt to do without communion with God!" the impressions created by the conference, singling out in particular the fusion of seemingly discordant elements that it undoubtedly con-

FROM OLIVET CALLING INDIA!

BY REV. AUGUSTINE RALLA RAM, Madras, India Student Ohristi-an AS8ociation 01 India T HERE CDuld be no. fitter place wDuld fail us in speaking Df variDus than this city of our dreams aspects of our gathering, and so. fDr the hDlding Df this memD- we will content ourselves by speak- rable gathering. The name Df this ing Df SDme distinct calls that come place is written across the Holy from this conference to India, our Writ that is our solace and joy. It motherland: was in the near vicinity of this First. India's destiny is bound city that the Prince Df Peace was up with the rest of the world. She born. Prophets and martyrs lie shDuld take her part in a world buried in and around it in their program of redemption and ad- hundreds, it was here that the vance. Her citizens must cultivate Redeemer often returned to re- an international mind and should claim a rebellious nation, and it realize that they are units of a was here that He finally died and brotherhood that respects no.

rose again for the redemption of geographical frontiers. The world mankind. is fast shrinking and its neighbor- Ambassadors from about fifty hood is being knit into a more nations and countries poured into closely compacted whole. Bare se- the Holy City. We did not wait eluded nationalism will not do, it for formal introductions and,wear- will be in close relation with Dther ing our names on cards pinned in countries far and wide that there front, we were SODn meeting per- will come bounding on its own sons of different colors and shDres waves laden with hitherto tongues. Here comes a famous unknown treasures.

preacher from Scotland, there goes Second. India cannot afford to a daring and believing nationalist pin its faith on a national and from China, we have just en- secular civilization. Material ad- countered an African chief. We vancement divorced from spiritu- were smiled at by a negro bishop. ality will only hasten a nation to a In anDther perSDn Brazil extended yawning abyss of destruction.

its hand of fellDwship across the ThrDughout the world forces are globe to greet an East Indian. We at work to wean us away from were awestruck as we were told religious consideration and to.

that the yonder man was the plunge us into. a stupor .of secular- writer o.f the bo.ok that had greatly ism and materialism. If it be influenced us. Secretaries of vari- granted that what we say is true ous missio.n boards, professors of then it is only fair that India give world-wide reputation, bishDps its full heed to religious quest and from various sees, and other in- consequently should cDnsider dividuals of distinction crossed Dur afresh the person and claims of paths on every side. But we all Jesus of Nazareth. In His per- met as a big family, nDt one Df us sonality there is presented to us a seemed consciDus of any dignity solution of our immediate and re- that had come to any of us. Time mote difficulties. We should turn 431

to Him with an unbiased mind and years to come. It cannot be denied inquire of Him as to what He that introduction of factory and would have us learn in seeking machinery is a salient feature of solution of all our enigmas. Does modern life and that India the He give us the true principles of an home of inexhaustible raw material all-round human development? Can is bound to become an industrial we establish peace and brotherli- country. Does it not behoove our ness in accepting His program? nation to take timely warning from Can He bring to us forgiveness and all the sadness and misery that peace of mind? Is there available have come to the West in the wake for all in Him a strength and of industrialism and so to profit power that can release us from all that it shall be able to build a sane fetters, and having released us can program of industrial contentment sustain and continually refresh us? and advancement? Once again In all dark valleys of life and be- should we not turn to Jesus of yond death is He able to illumine Nazareth and inquire of Him as to all our darkness and bring to us the what He has to say to us in facing assurance of a glorious hereafter? situations such as this?

If such are our human needs, needs Fifth. India is essentially agri- that must ~e satisfied, shall we not cultural today and it behooves us turn to Him and throw ourselves to cooperate with all forces that are open to His personality and pre- at work to build an abiding rural cepts? civilization. With more than 85 Third. Our millions still lie in per cent of our people living in illiteracy and consequent darkness. villages, we cannot help admitting What are we going to do to bring that they are the backbone of our to them these privileges which only nation. Ridden as they are with a few of us enjoy? Are our sons illiteracy, appalling infant mortali~ and daughters selfishly going to ty, inextricable indebtedness and seek their personal gain alone? with various other evils, what are The appalling ignorance of our we going to do to bind up their masses is an insistent challenge to wounds? Have we in our minds us, to cease from selfish advance- their sorrows and their trials? Are ment, to share with our un- we· going to bring to them cheer fortunate multitudes the blessings and sunshine in days to come?

that have come to us. But let us Sixth. Jerusalem speaks in par- bear in mind that religion and ticular to the Church in India.

education must proceed alongside Ambassadors of Christ from one of another, that more intel- abroad in association with in- lectual attainment can never be digenous workers have established sufficient, and that we must give a widespread community ot be- religion its central place in all our lievers. The call of Jerusalem goes program of instruction and learn- in particular to the Church in ing. India to attempt great things for Fourth. For better or for worse God and expect great things from industrial changes are fast coming God. It must become a "creative over the East. We dare not hood- fel1owship" under God and with wink ourselves by believing that initiative and adventure it must the hitherto agricultural India will cut its moorings away from all continue in its rural simplicity in false contentment. The Church

1928J VOICES FROM OLIVET CALLING INDIA!

SOME EAST INDIAN DELEGATES AT THE JERUSALEM CONFERENCE Jerusalem is seen in the background. In the picture are Rey.Agustine RaIla Ram (seated left), K. T. Paul (white turban) and Rey. Stanley Jones (standing rear, fifth from right)

must in a new sense become a mis- are chock-full of schemes and re- sionary church. It must have a ports, but what we need is a fresh message for all aspects of our vision and anew obedience to the modern complicated life. We the vision vouchsafed to us, With our ambassadors from India assured unwavering faith in the validity, the older churches of our kindred- authority and sufficiency of the ship with them and conveyed to Christian message we must go for- them our gratitude and asked them ward with our romantic enterprise.

to send their emissaries to come In Christ we have been given a and identify themselves with us in complete revelation and atonement, working out the salvation of our His work cannot be duplicated, country. We on behalf of the what we need is a dynamic that Church in India committed it in un- would urge us out of our pettiness mistakable terms to a program of into the wide expanse before us.

evangelization in years to come. Dr. Speer, another ambassador Seventh. The International from the West, reminded us that Council in clear terms denounced we must disentangle Christ from war as a method of settling dis- all that confuses Christ and carry putes and in unmistaken language ,Him into all human relations, declared its faith in racial equality. and in all love implicate Him Do not these two facts bring to us everywhere. Another voice right- a timely message? In all our ly said to us that our main national regeneration should we business is not to compare opin- have any faith in the use of force ions but to do cooperative think- at all? Is it worthy of us to give ing. What we need is not a new way to racial animosity of any Christianity, but a new discovery kind? Does not the belief in racial of Christianity. Let us remem- equality throw to us in India a ber that the message of Christ challenge to banish the caste su- is misunderstood today because of periority complex from our midst? contradictions in what we say, and Is not "untouchability" a shame what we do. The Church in India and curse of us all? must get abreast with all har- With these calls ringing in our bingers of the dawn. She must ears let us state anew in words of be pulled out of complacency and the Bishop of Salisbury that we practice heroic living and heroic are workers together with God- teaching. We are face to face with our perpetual creating Father. God opposition, indifference and far wills His union with us and our too much of loose scholarship is union one with another. A great pounding at our doors, but with motive force has been released to sympathetic insight we must dis- us through the Evangel. A big cover with others the hidden secular civilization is surging powers available in Christ for us around us, our task is to preserve all His children. Allying ourselves the good we find in other systems, with all movements for good we and build on sure foundations the must take a long view of things city of our God. An all-round-hu- and build for eternity. God is work- man development is our program ing his purpose out and one day by and the hour calls for creative His grace we shall see big mass Christian statesmanship. We lack movements sweeping the higher today faith, adventure and fire, we classes.

MEANING TO LATIN

BY REV. JOHN A. MACKAY, Litt.D., Montevideo, Uruguay T HE World Missionary Con- gelical Christianity has taken root ference, at Edinburgh in in Latin America. In Brazil, espe- 1910, excluded Latin America cially, its day has come in a quite from its purview. It had its own remarkable way. There are today reasons for doing so. I need not in this great republic as many enter into them here but I remem- evangelical Christians as there are ber how much I resented the omis- in France. The Brazilian Church sion. I now look back on that is also a national church with its omission as the "Blessed Fall" of own mission to Portugal. As the modern missionary history for it Conference looked at Dr. Erasmo led to the formation of the Com- Braga and listened to his wise mittee on Cooperation in Latin words on different subjects of com- America, and to ~he special study mon interest, it became aware of of this great field and its needs in what evangelical Christianity in the CongresseS held in Panama aT' Latin America is producing. Be- Montevideo in the years 1916 and cause of its recognition of the fact 1925, respectively. that the evangelical churches in The Jerusalem Conference marks Brazil and in other Latin republics a new outlook upon Latin America. are indigenous and active, the con- Two facts are worth noting in this ference assigned to Latin America connection. In those Latin repub- three seats in the Committee of the lics of arteheranpeiwdlywtoarkldi~gsoampelaocef Council. which The late Jerusalem meeting real- in the vanguard of progress, the ized the ideal of perfect Christian vast majority of educated people fellowship, enhanced the mission- have abandoned all religion. It is ary objective and incorporated into here that secularism is doing its jts field of vision a new world.

most perfect work. A distinguished God grant us wisdom in these coming Argentine writer, the rector of one days, of the state universities of his country, recently said that through- And eyes unsealed, that we clear visions out the religious history of South see America, Christianity has been apprehended purely as a culture, but Of that new world that He would have us build, To Life's ennoblement and His high min- istry.

never as an experience. He speaks God give us sense,-God-sense of Life's about the "irreligiosity" of the new needs, Southern Continent, and calls it the most irreligious part of the And souls aflame with new-born 'chiv- Western World. The Jerusalem alries- Conference took cognizance of this To cope with those black growths that foul the ways- To cleanse our poisoned founts with God- born energies.

situation and fully appreciated the To pledge our souls to nobler, loftier life, need for sharing with Latin Amer- To win the world to His fair sanctities, ica our experience of the living To bind the nations in a Pact of Peace, Christ. And free the Soul of Life for finer The second fact is that evan- loyalties. -John Oxenham.

435

FROM THE JERUSALEM COUNCIL

Pa.gan America I come from a nation which is in many respects pagan. We subscribe to the doctrine of militarism, to the god of materialism, and have given ourselves over to the pursuit of wealth and pleasure. We should not be complacent regarding paganism wherever we may see it, but let this meeting become a challenge to it.

BISHOP FRANCIS J. MCCONNELL, of the Methodist Episcopal Church of America.

China.'s Need The Goliath of militarism must be killed. Illiteracy, poverty, isolation, prejudice and influences that break down moral sanctions must be. put away.: But in building the new China the most potent power is Christ and the men and women that Christianity can produce. God calls us to project our Christian character and influence into all the realms of life and so help to purge it.

DAVID Z. T. Yur, LITT.D., of China.

Thc Uganda Policy In Uganda the policy from the first coming of missionaries fifty years ago has been to create a self-governing native Church, and all the representative bodies, from the local Church Council to the Synod, have a large majority of Mricans. In the synod there are ten Africans to one white man. Even in the native Parliament, native Christian chiefs are in the majority.

CHIEF SIRUANO KULUBYA, Uganda, British East Africa.

Education Without Religion If the older generation is motor-mad, radio-ragged, jumping with jazz, hungry with lust, we may well expect the younger generation to go further and faster along the same road. Education without religion is incomplete and abortive, religion without education becomes ignorance and superstition.

PROFESSOR LUTHER A. WEIGLE, Yale University, New Haven, Conn.

Jesus' Method Modern educational science is beginning to realize how perfect was the educational method of Jesus. He created the right atmosphere and did not attack His hearers' existing ideas, but built upon them a new teaching which He carried through by the project method from hero worship to a sense of vocation.

CANON CHARLES E. RAVEN, Liverpool Cathedral, England.

Right and Wrong You might have read whole encyclopedias on education, but when the child comes to you for decisions as to the right and wrong of certain actions or as to what to do in certain circumstances, you must rely on decisions based largely on fixed standards and in- fluenced by your whole educational past.

BARONESS VAN BOETZELAER VAN DUBBLEDAM, Bilt, HoUand.

436

A CALL TO PRAYER FROM

T HE International Missionary Council, meeting on the Mount of Olives (March 24 to April 8, 1928) has been brought to a deep and fresh realization of the place of prayer in accomplishing its essentially spiritual task, and the definite challenge with which it is faced.

The Council recognizes that the Kingdom is the gift of God, that activities to spread the Kingdom and to extend the Gospel reach full significance only when they are a kind of "acted prayer," that "we have to struggle not with blood and flesh, but with . . . the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly sphere."

The Council has also come to realize that it faces a definite challenge. It has seen some of the implications of the Christian mission and realizes how pitifully short its achievement has fallen, but the challenge of Christ still holds, "if two of you shall agree on earth as touching anything that they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father."

Throughout the fortnight the Council has been led to place its chief emphasis on a central daily united intercession, and day by day its work has been prefaced by groups which met for prayer, or for the celebration of the Holy Communion, and by private and individual meditation and prayer.

In the reports which have come from the varying sections into which the Council has divided, requests for prayer have found a frequent place. These give to the following eight objectives for prayer adopted at Rattvik in 1925 a new urgency, and a fuller content, and provide ground for thanksgiving for answers already received. The Council therefore asks its members, and Christian people in all lands, to continue in meditation upon the example and the teaching of the Lord Jesus in regard to prayer, and to make definite supplication: 1. For a Missionary Spirit. That the Church may see the whole world's need for Christ, and may be ready for any sacrifice in order to make Him known to all mankind.

2. For a Spirit of Prayer. That Christian people may learn to pray as Christ prayed and taught His disciples to pray; and that an ever-increasing number of interceders may be raised up until the whole Church is awakened to prayer.

3. For a Spirit of Sacrifice. That the Church may be willing, at whatever cost, to follow and to bear witness to the way of Christ as she learns it.

4. For a Spirit of Unity. That the whole Church of Christ may desire and experience a new unity in Christ.

5. For the Gift of Interpretation. That the Church may learn to preach the eternal Gospel by word and life in terms that the men and women of this age will understand.

6. For Courageous Witness on Moral Questions. That the witness of the Church on the moral questions of our day may truly reflect the mind of God and may be known and felt throughout the world.

7. For a Spirit of Service. That a great number of men and women may offer themselves unreservedly to do Christ's work at home and abroad in our generation.

8. For the Completion of Our Own ConvM·sion. For the removal of all hindrances in our own lives to the manifestation of God's redeeming love and power.

437

A DELEGATE'S NOTE

BY MILTON T. STAUFFER, New York Secretary 01 the Foreign Missions Conference of North America W E MEET, not as repre- Christianity must find its central sentatives of churches or act and emphasis in the Resurrec- Boards, but rather as rep- tion, which is purely in divine resentatives of great Christian dimensions. In the light of the constituencies and great fields of Resurrection the Cross will shine interest and service which reach forth more clearly. We are specialbeyond all personal connections. ists in religion if we are mission- Our Father has brought us to- aries at all. Weare not asked to gether from the ends of the earth be specialists in the science of refor a common quest. He who ligion but in religion itself.

started the missionary movement DR. HENDRIK KRAEMER, on these hills has His own unselfish, expans~ve purposes for this Netherlands Bible Society. gathering. He never brings His children into any quest in vain. *** JOHN R. MOTT. Evangelical missions are based absolutely on an unique act of God. *** As missionaries we are messengers and proclaimers· of this unique There is more criticism of Chris- revelation of God. tianity in China since the anti- Christian movement began· than DR. JULIUS RICHTER, during the 120 years of Christian missionary effort preceding. Much Vice-Chairman of the German of this criticism is due to mis- Missionsauschuss. understanding. Much can be ignored but some must be fear- *** lessly faced and dealt with. Our churches will not hold the DR. C. Y. CHENG, ground they have or regain the Secretary of the National Chris- ground they have lost unless they are prepared to carry the Chris- tian Council of China. tian principles into new areas. The world in which they must be saved *** and which the majority of people know cannot be relinquished by the Are we going back from Jeru- Church. If Christianity cannot salem as nations, races or denom- command the whole of life, I am inations, or as one great family convinced it cannot command any filled with "Divine foolishness," at all. We confine the paradoxes determined to believe in the faith of Christian teaching where apand ethics we hold? The cost will plication is easiest. Either the be to jeopardize or even sacrifice Church will be overwhelmed by the the welfare of our family, church rising consciousness of mankind and nation. One pays if one lives that Christianity has no meaning up to truth. for it, or the Church must seek to control the social order and eco- REV. MAX YERGAN, nomic system, as fully as the Secretary of the Student Native Christian Association, South Africa.

438 Church now seeks to control per- Christianity should enlarge its sonal life and character. own conception of religious truths. We cannot be sure we completely PROFESSOR R. H. TAWNEY, possess our own religion until we University Lecturer, London. are ready to commit it like yeast in meal. Christianity must con- ""* tinue to grow if it is to continue to live. The objectives in the Christian PROF. WM. E. HOCKING, movement in China are: Harvard University, Cam- 1. All future activity on the pllrt of bridge, Mass. the churches should be church-centric and not mission-centric. ""* 2. To do all possible to deepen the We must make our religion more Christian life. spiritual because the area we must conquer is greater than ever be- 3. To encourage and cooperate with fore. Christianity comes as truth the Chinese in building indigenous from God. The fact that God is Christian movements. love ought to frighten us out of our wits. If He is love, then there 4. To continue to send missionaries is not much chance for us. "All auunder the direction of the Chinese thority in Heaven and earth is Church. given unto Me" is true or it is not true. The great missionary enter- 6. To desist from forcing on the prise had its most glorious period Chinese Church Western ecclesiastical when Christians held their faith in forms, rituals and organization. less complex form. We do not think out the results of our own 6. To regard all missionary property actions far enough. We have the as intended for the use of the Chinese same message and that message is Christian movement and as soon as may the Gospel of Christ but we must seem wise to transfer the use, control extend it over a wider area because and ownership of this property to life is more complex and broader Chinese bodies. today and we must give our reli- gious message more manifold ex- DAVID Z. T. Ym, pression.

General Secretary Y. M. C. A. BISHOP WILLIAM TEMPLE, Manchester, England. of China. *"* ""* Secular civilization has egotisti- The more I study non-Christian cal and altruistic aspects. When- ever an individual or group pursystems, the more I see a reaching sues self-interest, they become sec- ular in an egostical sense. Secular out for what we have in Jesus civilization has also altrustic as- pects-when we seek the good of Christ. others.

DR. A. K. REISCHAUER, JOHN A. MACKAY, Litt.D., Religious Work Sec. So. Ameri- Professor in the Meiji Gakuin, can Y. M. C. A., Uruguay. . Tokyo, Japan.

"""

Syncretism combines life in Christ assimilates. Christ claims His own when we claim the truth which is in other religions. If Christ is universal, then He is both superior and unique. In our dealings with the non-Christian religious systems we must combine sympathy with certainty. In Christ we do not merely have a medicine or a way, but in Him we have life itself.

DR. E. STANLEY JONES, Missionary to India.

The ethics of the cross and the The population increases at the way of Jesus are terms glibly used. Let us face it by deepening and ex- rate of 1112% per year. No questending the application of Christianity. How is Christianity to tions of health, education or relibaptize our new learning and our gion can be considered in India new social order? The effort to without regard to the rural work. bring this about will break every In 1901 we had thirty-six million shred of self-dependence and self- illiterates in the Province of Madcomplacency. It will drive us to ras; in 1921 we had thirty-nine the unlimited resources of God. As million illiterates. It will take we enlarge our understanding of forty years to provide schools for the work of the Holy Spirit and the present growth of the populamake more real our dedication to tion at the present rate of school the service of the Holy Spirit, and growth. bring down into actual experience our sense that we are God-pos- K. T. PAUL, B.A., sessed, only so can we deal success- Secretary of the Y. M. C. A., India. fully with this problem. … … … CANON CHARLES E. RAVEN, D.D., Liverpool Cathedral, England. There are four things that Chris- tians should do in rural areas: … … … 1. Inform themselves as to what The religious' experience into the church is doing in rural areas. which you enter is not due to anything you have done but rather to 2. Arouse conscience and action. what Christ has done and you have 3. Make known to rural districts entered into it by His grace. what the Church stands for and convince them that the Church does RT. REV. WM. TEMPLE, D.D., not stand for an anti-social pro- gram. Bishop of M.a.. nc..h. est…er, England. 4. Establish and promote good will between the farmers and the yve are working for a change of churches. … … … Climate, not to slay the monsters of We have 4112 million blacks and industrialism but for a new climate 1% million whites in South Africa, in which these monsters can no yet 88 % of theland is in the hands longer live. All we plead for is the of the whites and 12% in the hands of the blacks. Has this Conference application of Christianity to anything to say regarding the Christian view of subject races? wider areas. We plead for condi- PROF. DAVIDSON, D.T., Jabavu, tions that will make possible a South African Native College, fuller personality. All the Church Alice, South Africa.

can do is to get a public opinion * .. * which will make this change pos- In the Congo when our natives wish to refer to the scanty amount sible. of Christian literature available they say: "The God of the Roman BISHOP FRANCIS J. MCCONNELL, Catholics has no books."

D.D., REV. CHARLES E. PUGH, English Baptist Missionary Methodist Episcopal Church of Society. … … … N.A.

Ninety per cent of the people of India are dependent upon the land.

FROM A DELEGATE'S NOTEBOOK

Our Government doctors tell me only bodies entitled to determine that there are 100 million living in missionary policy are the churches India beyond the most limited and the missionary societies and amount of medical help. In Kenya boards, representing the churches. Colony the death rate among children under twenty months is as It is recognized that the successhigh as 600 per 1,000; in Bengal ful working of the International as high as 414 per 1,000. Missionary Council is entirely de- pendent on the gift from God of the K. T. PAUL, spirit of fellowship, mutual under- National Y. M. C. A. Secretary, standing and desire to cooperate.

India. II. Membership and Meetings- The Council is composed of the * '" * national missionary organizationst and the National Christian Coun- Instead of seeking the fulfillment cils in the following countries, of our own science and personali- (with number of members indities, let us seek the fulfillment of cated), namely: God in us. United Missionary Council of Aus- DR. KARL HElM, tralia. (1) Prof. of Theology, University Societe BeIge de Missions Protestantes of Tubingen. au Congo. (1) *** National Christian Council of China. (2) The New Council Congo Christian Council. (1 ) The following reasons are given Deutscher Evangelischer Missionsbund. for the continuance and larger development of this council (which (1) was inaugurated under another Societe des Missions Evangeliques de name at Edinburgh in 1910) : Paris. (2) Conference of Missionary Societies in a. The missionary enterprise is in all Great Britain and Ireland. (5) lands actually and manifestly interna- National Christian Council of India, tional. Burma and Ceylon. (2) National Christian Council of Japan. b. It is necessary to reveal the awareness on the part of the missionary move- (2) ment of the international consciousness which pervades all departments of hu- Korea Christian Council. (1 ) man progress. Committee on Cooperation in Latin America. (3) c. There are many world situations Commissie van Advies (The Netherinvolving missions with which it is im- lands), (1) possible to deal except internationally. Netherlands India Christian Council.

d. A Christian missionary interna- (1) tional organization is needed to represent missions in relations with other National Missionary Council of New representative international bodies. Zealand. (1) e. The essential spiritual unity already Foreign Missions Conference of North existing among Christians demands man- America – United States and Canada. ifestation in international missionary cooperation. (7) Missionary Conference of Northern *** Europe. (2) Evangelical Union of the Philippine The Revised Constitution* Islands. (1) Missionary Societies of South Africa. I. Preamble-The Council is established on the basis that the (1) * This as an abbreviated statement of the Association of Missionary Societies in Switzerland. (1) Constitution. Complete copies may be had by Christian Council of Western Asia and cll,itjl§ ~~u~~~ i~t:~~:,tl&~~l ~~~.ionary Coun- ~orthern Africa. (2) t The term '·miseionary" is used in this con- stitution to describe the work of the churches in all countries.

The meetings of the Council shall mittee shall be elected by the be of two kinds, namely: (a) Gen- national missionary organizations eral Council Meetings, and (b) and Christian Councils. The Com- Special Meetings for the considera- mittee may elect other members, tion of particular subjects. The not exceeding five in all, to be call for these general or special nominated by the officers, in order meetings shall be issued by the to supply special knowledge or ex- Committee of the Council …. perience, who shall be consultants The number of representatives without voting powers.

which each national missionary The Committee of the Council organization and Christian Council shall meet at the call of the officers will be entitled to appoint for each of the Council. or upon request of meeting of the Council shall be as a majority of the members of the stated by the Committee in its Committee or upon the request of proposal to call a meeting and as three or more of the constituent ratified by national bodies in their national organizations. Ten mem- approval of the proposal ….. . bers of the Committee other than III. Functions-The functions the officers shall constitute a of the Council shall be the follow- quorum, provided. however. that ing: these represent national mission- ary organizations or Christian 1. To stimulate thinking and investi- Councils. members of the Council, gation on questions related to the mission in three different continents. and expansion of Christianity in all the world, to enlist in the solution of these V. Officers-The officers of the questions the best knowledge and ex- Council shall be a Chairman, two perience to be found in all countries, and to make the results available for all who Vice-chairmen, Treasurer, and share in the missionary work of the Churches. two or more Secretaries. These of- 2. To help to coordinate the activities ficers shall be elected by the Comof the national missionary organizations mittee of the Council. and Christian Councils of the different countries, and to bring about united VI. Expenses-The Committee action where necessary in missionary of the Council shall prepare annual matters. budgets two years in advance, 3. Through common consultation to which shall be submitted to the help to unite Christian public opinion in constituent national organizations support of freedom of conscience and for approval and toward which religion and of missionary liberty. they will be invited to contribute in a proportion to be recommended 4. To help to unite the Christian forces of the world in seeking justice in international and interracial relations.

5. To be responsible for the publica- by resolution of the Committee. tion of the International Review of Mis- VII. Procedure-It is under- 8ion8 and such other pUblications as in the judgment of the Council may con- stood that the Council and the tribute to the study of missionary questions. Committee of the Council will function internationally, and that 6. To call a world missionary conference if and when this should be deemed the members of the Committee of desirable. the Council in anyone country will IV. The Committee of the Coun- not take action as a national group cil-This Committee shall have the though they may be caUed together power to act for the Council in the by the officers of the International intervals between its general coun- Missionary Council for purposes of cil meetings. consultation if this should seem The membership of the Com- necessary.

CHRISTIAN MESSAGE TO ALL MEN *

EXpre88ed by the International MU8ionary Oouncil" in its Meeting on. the Mount oj Olives, Jerusalem T HROUGHOUT the world there that the world has come to know. is a sense of insecurity and in- Many who have not hitherto been won stability. Ancient religions are to His Church yet find in Him their undergoing modification, and, in some hero and their ideal. Within His regions, dissolution as scientific and Church, there is a widespread desire commercial development alter the cur- for unity, centered in His person. rent of men's thought. Institutions regarded with age-long veneration are Our Messsage Is Jesus Christ discarded or called in question; well- He is the revelation of what God is established standards of moral con- and of what man may be. In Him we duct are brought under criticism; and come face to face with the Ultimate countries called Christian feel the Reality of the universe; He makes stress as truly as the peoples of Asia known to us God as our Father, perand Africa. On all sides, doubt is ex- fect and infinite in love and in pressed whether there is any absolute righteousness; for in Him we find truth or goodness. A new relativism God incarnate, the final, yet ever-unstruggles to enthrone itself in human folding, revelation of the God in whom thought. we live and move and have our being.

Along with this is found the ex- We hold that through all that istence of world-wide suffering and happens, in light and in darkness, God pain, which expresses itself partly in is working, ruling and ever-ruling. a despair of all higher values, partly in Jesus Christ, in His life and more a tragically earnest quest of a new especially through His death, has dis- basis for life and thought, in the birth- closed to us the Father, the Supreme pangs of rising nationalism, in the ever Reality, as almighty Love, reconciling keener consciousness of race and class the 'world to Himself by the Cross, oppression. suffering with men in their struggle against sin and evil, bearing with Amid widespread indifference and them, and for them, the burden of sin, immersion in material concerns, we al- so find, now in noble forms and now forgiving them as they, with forgive- in license or extravagance, a great ness in their own hearts, turn to Him yearning, especially among the youth in repentance and faith; and creating of the world, for the full and untram- humanity anew for an ever-growing, melled expression of personality, for ever-enlarging, everlasting life. spiritual leadership and authority, for reality in religion, for social justice, We reaffirm that God, as Jesus Christ has revealed Him, requires all for human brotherhood, for inter- His children, under all circumstances, national peace. at all times, and in all human relation- ships, to live in love and righteousness In this world, bewildered and grop- for His glory. By the resurrection of ing for its way, Jesus Christ has drawn to Himself the attention and Christ and the gift of the Holy Spirit, admiration of mankind as never be- He offers His own power to men that fore. He stands before men as they may be fellow-workers with Him, manifestly greater than Western civi- and urges them on to a life of adven-. lization, greater than the Christianity ture and self-sacrifice in preparation for the coming of His Kingdom in its fullness.

The vision of God in Christ brings and deepens the sense of sin and guilt.

443

Weare not worthy of His love; we fellowship of service, of prayer and of praise. have by our own fault opposed His "The Gospel is the prophetic call to holy will. Yet that same vision which sinful man to turn to God, the joyful tidings of justification and of sanctificabrings the sense of guilt brings also tion to those who believe in Christ. It is the comfort of those who suffer; to the assurance of pardon if only we those who are bound, it is the assurance of the glorious liberty of the sons of God. yield ourselves in faith to the Spirit The Gospel brings peace and joy to the heart, and produces in men self-denial, of Christ so that His redeeming love readiness for brotherly service, and com- passionate love. It offers the supreme may avail to reconcile us to God. goal for the aspirations of youth, strength to the toiler, rest to the weary, We will not ourselves offer any and the crown of life to the martyr.

further formulation of the Christian "The Gospel is the sure source of power for social regeneration. It pro- Message, for we remember that as claims the only way by which humanity can escape from those class and race lately as August, 1927 the World Con- hatreds which devastate society at present into the enjoyment of national ference on Faith and Order met at well-being and international friendship and peace. It is also a gracious invita- Lausanne and that a statement on this tion to the non-Christian world, East and West, to enter into the joy of the living subject was issued from that Con- Lord.

ference after it had been received with "Sympathizing with the anguish of our generation, with its longing for intelfull acceptance. Weare glad to make lectual sincerity, social justice and spiritual inspiration, the Church in the this our own. eternal Gospel meets the needs and ful- fills the God-given aspirations of the "The message of the Church to the modern world. Consequently, as in the world is and must always remain the past so also in the present, the Gospel is Gospel of Jesus Christ. the only way of salvation. Thus, through His Church, the living Christ still says to "The Gospel is the joyful message of men 'Come unto me!. ….. He that folredemption both here and hereafter, the loweth me shall not walk in darkness, gift of God to sinful man in Jesus Christ. but shall have the light of life.' "

"The world was prepared for the com- The Missionary Motive ing of Christ through the activities of God's Spirit in all humanity, but especial- If such is the Christian Message, ly in His revelation as given in the Old the motive for its delivery should be Testament; and in the fulness of time plain. The Gospel is the answer to the the eternal Word of God became in- world's greatest need. It is not our carnate and was made man, Jesus Christ, discovery or achievement; it rests on the Son of God and the Son of Man, full what we recognize as an act of God. of grace and truth. It is first and foremost "Good News." It announces glorious truth. Its very "Through His life and teaching, His nature forbids us to say that it may be call to repentance, His proclamation of the right belief for some but not for the coming of the Kingdom of God and others. Either it is true for all, or it of judgment, His suffering and death, is not true at all. His resurrection and exaltation to the right hand of the Father, and by the But questions concerning the mismission of the Holy Spirit, He has sionary motive have been widely brought to us forgiveness of sins, and has raised, and such a change in the habits revealed the fulness of the living God, of men's thoughts, as the last generaand His boundless love toward us. By tion has witnessed, must call for a rethe appeal of that love, shown in its examination of these questions. completeness on the Cross, He summons us to the new life of faith, self-sacrifice, Accordingly, we would lay bare the and devotion to His service and the service of men. motives that impel us to the mis- sionary enterprise. We recognize that "Jesus Christ, as the crucified and the living One, as Saviour and Lord, is also the center of the world-wide Gospel of the Apostles and the Church. Because He Himself is the Gospel, the Gospel is the message of the Church to the world. It is more than a philosophical theory; more than a theological system; more than a program for material betterment. The Gospel, is, rather, the gift of a new world from God to this old world of sin and death; still more, it is the victory over sin and death, the revelation of eternal life in Him who has knit together the whole family in heaven and on earth in the communion of saints, united in the

THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE TO ALL MEN

the health of this movement and the impulse to share Him with others. We health of our souls demands a self- are constrained by the love of Christ. criticism that is relentless and exact- He Himself said, "I am come that they ing. might have life and have it more abundantly," and our experience cor- In searching for the motives that roborates it. He has become life to us. impel us, we find ourselves eliminating We would share that life. decisively, and at once, certain motives that may seem, in the minds of some, We are assured that Christ comes to have become mixed up with purer with an offer of life to men and to motives in the history of the move- societies and to nations. We believe ment. We repudiate any attempt on that in Him the shackles of moral evil the part of trade or of governments, and guilt are broken from human peropenly or covertly, to use the mission- sonality and that men are made free, ary cause for ulterior purposes. Our and that such personal freedom lies at Gospel, by its very nature and by its the basis of the freeing of society from declaration of the sacredness of human cramping custom and blighting social personality, stands against all exploita- practices and political bondage, so that in Christ men and societies and tion of man by man, so that we cannot nations may stand up free and comtolerate any desire, conscious or un- plete. conscious, to use this movement for purposes of. fastening a bondage, We find in Christ, and especially in economic, political or social,. on any His cross and resurrection, an inexpeople. haustible source of power that makes us hope when there is no hope. We Going deeper, on our part, we would believe that, through it, men and repudiate any symptoms of a religious societies and nations that have lost their moral nerve will be quickened inimperialism that would desire to im- to life. pose beliefs and practices on others in order to manage their. souls in their We have a pattern in our minds as su.pposed interests. We obey a God who respects our wills and we desire to what form that life should take. to respect the wills of others. We believe in a Christ-like world. We know nothing better; we can be con- Nor have we the desire to bind up tent with nothing less. We do not go our Gospel with fixed ecclesiastical to the nations called non-Christian betraditions which derive their meaning cause they are the worst of the world from the experience of the Western and they alone are in need-we go be- Church. Rather the aim should be to cause they are a part of the world and place at the disposal of the younger share with us in the same human need churches of all lands our collective and -the need of redemption from ourhistoric experience. We believe that selves and from sin, the need to have much of that heritage has come out of life complete and abundant and to be reality and will be worth sharing. But re-made after the pattern of Christwe ardently desire that the younger likeness. We desire a world in which churches express the Gospel through Christ will not be crucified but where their own genius and through forms His Spirit shall reign. suitable to their racial heritage. We do not desire to lord it over the per- We believe that men are made for sonal or collective faith of others. Christ and cannot really live apart from Him. Our fathers were im- Our true and compelling motive lies pressed with the horror that man in the very nature of the God to Whom we have given our hearts. Since He should die without Christ-we share is LOVE, His very nature is to share. that horror, but are impressed with a Christ is the expression in time of the deeper one—the horror that men eterJlal self-giving of the Father. should live without Christ. Coming into fellowship with Christ, we find in ourselves an over-mastering Herein lies the Christian motive. It is simple: We cannot live without

Christ and we cannot bear to think of to be made good and that the record of other men living without Him. We Christendom hitherto is not sufficient cannot be content to live in a world to sustain it. Nor has it sufficiently that is unChristlike. We cannot be sought out the good and noble elements idle while the yearning of His heart in the non-Christian beliefs, that it for His brethren is unsatisfied. might learn that deeper personal fel- Since He is the motive, the objective lowship with adherents of those be- of Christian missions fits in with that liefs wherein we may more powerfully motive. Its objective is nothing less draw them to the living Christ. We than the production of Christlike know that, even apart from conscious character, in individuals and societies knowledge of Him, when men are true and nations through faith in and fel- to the best light they have, they are lowship with Christ the living Saviour, able to effect some real deliverance and through corporate sharing of life from many of the evils that afflict the in a divine society. Christ is our world, and this should prompt us the motive and Christ is our end. We more to help them to find the fulness must give nothing less, and we can of light and power in Christ.

give nothing more. But while we record these failures The Spirit of Our Endeavor we are also bound to record with thankfulness the achievements of the Our approach to our task must be Christian Church in this field. The made in humility and penitence and difference between the Europe known love. In humility, because it is not to St. Paul and the Europe known to our own message which we bring, but Dante, to Luther, to Wesley is plain God's; and if in our delivery of it for all to see. From every quarter of self-assertion finds any place we shall the globe comes testimony to the lib- spoil that message and hinder its ac- eration effected by Christ for women.

ceptance; in penitence, because our Since the vast changes made by the fathers and we ourselves have been so development of industrialism have blind to many of the implications of come to be appreciated, every country our faith; in love, because our mes- has had its Christian social movements sage is the Gospel of the Love of and the Universal Conference on Life God, and only by love in our own and Work, held at Stockholm in 1925, hearts for those to whom we speak revealed how widespread and in- can we make known its power or its fluential these have now become. Truly true nature. our efforts have not been commen- Especially do we confess the slug- surate with the needs of the world or gishness of the older churches to with the claims of Christ; but in what realize and discharge their responsi- has been accomplished and attempted bility to carry the Gospel to all the we have already great encouragement world; and all alike we confess our for the days to come. In particular neglect to bring the ordering of men's there is a growing sensitiveness of lives into conformity with the Spirit conscience with regard to war and the of Christ. The Church has not firmly conditions that may lead up to it.

and effectively set its face against For all these indications of the race-hatred, race-envy, race-contempt, growing power of the Spirit of Christ or against social envy and contempt among Christians we thank God. And and class-bitterness, or against racial, we call on all Christian people to be national and social pride, or against ready for pioneering thought and ac- the lust for wealth and exploitation of tion in the name of Christ. Too often the poor or weak. We believe that the Church has adopted new truth, or the Gospel "proclaims the only way by new goals for enterprise only when the which humanity can escape from class danger attached to them is over.

and race hatred." But we are forced There is a risk of rashness; but there to recognize that such a claim requires is also possible an excessive caution

THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE TO ALL MEN

by which because His Church hangs receive in its completeness; only in back, the glory of new truth or enter- the fellowship of Christ's disciples.

prise which rightly belongs to Christ We call all followers of Christ to take is in men's thoughts denied to Him. their full share as members of His The Call to the World Body, which is the Church; no discon- tent with its organization or tradition Filled with conviction that in Jesus or failings should be allowed to keep Christ is indeed the Saviour of the us outside its fold; the isolated Chris- world, and conscious of a desparate tian is impoverished in his spiritual life need in ourselves and in all the world and impotent in his activities; our for what He only can supply, we call strength both inward and outward is upon our fellow-Christians and all our in the living fellowship. But in these fellowmen to turn again to Him for hurried and feverish days there is al- pardon and for power. so more need than ever for the deepen- (a) To all the Churches of Christ ing of our spiritual life through we call that they stand firmly upon the periodical detachment from the world rock of Christian conviction and whole- and its need in lonely communion with heartedly accept its missionary obliga- God. We desire also to call for a tions; that they go forward in full greater volume of intercessory prayer.

loyalty to Christ to discover and to The whole Church through all the express, in the freedom of the Holy world should be earnest and instant Spirit, the treasures in His unseach- in prayer, each part for every other, able riches which it is the privilege and all together for the hallowing of and duty of each to win for the Uni- God's Name throughout the world.

versal Church; that they strive to Further, we call on Christians deliver the name of Christ and Chris- throughout the world who are trained tianity from complexity in any evil in science, art, and philosophy to de- or inj ustice. vote their talents to the working out Those who proclaim Christ's mes- of that Christian view of life and the sage must give evidence for it in their world which we sorely need to secure own lives and in the social institutions us against instability, bewilderment which they uphold. It is only by "liv- and extravagance.

ing Christ" among men that we may Lastly, we urge that every possible most effectively lift Him up before step be taken to make real the fellow- them. The spirit that returns love for ship of the Gospel. The Churches of hate, and overcomes evil with good, Europe send missions and missions-of- must be evidently present in those who help to the Churches of Europe and would be witnesses for Christ. They America, not to ask for assistance, not are also bound to exert all their in- to advertise their own need or their fluence to secure that the social, inter- own development, but to minister of national and interracial relationships their treasure to the spiritual life of in the midst of which their work is those to whom they come.

done, are subordinate to and expres- (b) To non-Christians, also, we sive of His Spirit. Especially must it make our call. We rejoice to think be a serious obstacle to missionary that just because in Jesus Christ the effort if the non-Christian country light which lighteneth every man feels that the relation of the so-called shone forth in its full splendor, we find "Christian" countries to iself is moral- rays of that same light where He is ly unsound or is alien from the princi- unknown or even is rejected. We wel- ples of Christ, and the Church must come every noble quality in non-Chris- be ready for labor and sacrifice to re- tian persons or systems as further move whatever is justly so condemned. proof that the Father, who sent His The task before us is beyond our Son into the world, has nowhere left powers. It can only be accomplished Himself without witness.

by the Holy Spirit, whose power we Thus: merely to give illustration,

and making no attempt to estimate the to Him is always self-surrender. We spiritual value of other religions to must not come in the pride of national their adherents, we recognize as part heritage or religious tradition; he of the one Truth that sense of the who would enter that Kingdom of God majesty of God, and the consequent must become as a little child, though reverence in worship, which are con- in that Kingdom are all the treasures spicuous in Islam; the deep sympathy of man's aspirations, consecrated and for the world's sorrow and unselfish harmonized. Just because Christ is search for the way of escape, which the self-disclosure of the One God, all are at the heart of Buddhism; the de- human aspirations are towards Him, sire for contact with ultimate Reality and yet of no human tradition is He conceived as spiritual which is promi- merely the continuation. He is the nent in Hinduism; the belief in a desire of all nations; but He is almoral order of the universe and con- ways more, and other than they had sequent insistence on moral conduct desired before they learned of Him. which are inculcated by Confucianism; the disinterested pursuit of truth and But we would insist that when the of human welfare which are often Gospel of the Love of God comes home found in those who stand for secular with power to the human heart, it civilization but do not accept Christ as speaks to each man, not as Moslem or their Lord and Saviour. as Buddhist, or as an adherent of any system, but just as man. And while Especially' we make our call to the we rightly study other religions in order to approach men wisely, yet at Jewish People, from whose ScriptUres the last we speak as men to men, inwe have learned, and "of whom is viting them to share with us the Christ as concerning the flesh," that pardon and the life that we have with open heart they turn to that Lord found in Christ. in whom is fulfilled the hope of their nation, its prophetic message and its (c) To all who inherit the benefits zeal for holiness. And we call upon of secular civilization and contribute our fellow-Christians in all lands to to its advancement we make our call. show to Jews that lovingkindness that We claim for Christ the labors of has too seldom been shown towards scientists and artists. We recognize them. their service to His cause in dispersing the darkness of ignorance, supersti- We call on the followers of non- tion and vulgarity. We appreciate Christian religions to join with us in also the noble elements that are found the study of Jesus Christ, His place in in nationalist movements and in the life of the world, and His power patriotism, the loyalty, the self-devoto satisfy the human heart; to hold tion, the idealism which love of fast to faith in" the unseen and eternal country can inspire. But even these in face of the growing materialism of may lead to strife and bitterness and the world; to cooperate with us narrowness of outlook if they are not against all the evils of secularism; to dedicated to Christ; in His universal respect freedom of conscience so that Kingdom of Love all nations by right men may confess Christ without are provinces, and fulfill their own separation from home and friends; true destiny only in His service. Beand to discern that all the good of cause patriotism and science are not which men have conceived is fulfilled consecrated, they are often debased and secured in Christ. into self-assertion, exploitation and the service of greed. Indeed, through- Christianity is not a Western re- out all nations the great peril of our ligion, nor is it yet effectively accepted time arises from that immense deby the Western world as a whole. velopment of man's power over the Christ belongs to the peoples of Africa resources of nature which has been the great characteristic of our epoch. This and Asia as much as to the European and American. We call all men to equal fellowship in Him. But to come

THE CHRISTIAN MESSAGE TO ALL MEN

power gives opportunity for wealth of deed and life, by righteousness and interest, and, through facilities of lovingkindness, by justice, sympathy communication, for freedom of inter- and compassion, by ministry to human course such as has never been known. needs and the deep want of the world.

But it has outgrown our spiritual and As together, Christians of all lands, moral control. we have surveyed the world and the Amid the clashes of industrial strife, needs of men, we are convinced of the the Gospel summons men to work to- urgent necessity for a great increase gether as brothers in providing for in the Christian forces in all countries, the human family the economic basis and for a still fuller measure of co- of the good life. In the presence of operation between the churches of all social antipathies and exclusiveness nations in more speedily laying the the Gospel insists that we are members claim of Christ upon all the unoccupied of one family, and that our Father areas of the world and of human life.

desires for each a full and equal op- Weare persuaded that we and all portunity to attain to his own com- Christian people must seek a more plete development, and to make his heroic practice of the Gospel. It can- special contribution to the richness of not be that our present complacency the family life. Confronted by inter- and moderation are a faithful expres- national relations that constantly flout sion of the mind of Christ, and of the Christ's law of love, there is laid on meaning of His cross and resurrection all who bear· His name the solemn in the midst of the wrong and want and obligation to labor unceasingly for a sin of our modern world. As we con- new world order in which justice shall template the work which Christ has be secured for all peoples, and every laid upon His Church, we who are met occasion for war or threat of war be here on the Mount of Olives, in sight removed. of Calvary, would take up for our- Such changes can only be brought selves and summon those from whom about through an unreserved ac- we come, and to whom we return, to ceptance of Christ's way of love, and take up with us the Cross of Christ, by the courageous and sacrificial liv- and all that for which it stands, and to ing that it demands. Still ringing in go forth into the world to live in the our ears is the call "Be not conformed fellowship of His sufferings and by to this world, but be ye transformed the power of His resurrection.

by the renewing of your minds."

In our conference we have seen more LET US GIVE THANKSclearly the fulness and sufficiency of the Gospel and our own need of the For the living faith, the loving servsalvation of Christ. The enlarging ice, the courage and patience of the mis- sionaries.

For the rise of the national churches on the mission field; for the rootage of thoughts of the generation find the Christianity in new soils. Gospel and the Saviour ever dcher and greater than men had known. For the wide acceptance of the moral authority of Christ. This deepened assurance of the adequacy and universality of the LET US CONFESS- Gospel, however, is not enough. More The indifference and ignorance of the Church at home, and its inadequate obedience and love. effective ways must be found for its The hindrances erected by our failure proclamation, not to systems of opinion only, but to human beings, to men and as individuals and as nations to practise women for whom Christ died. The the Gospel. most thorough and convincing intellectual statement of Christianity is LET US PRAYnecessary, but such statements cannot suffice. The Gospel must be expressed That in all mission fields and in our also in simplicity and love, and offered churches we may more faithfully follow to men's hearts and minds by word and 'Christ and display His mind and spirit.

That men and women and money may be laid at the feet of Christ in adequate measure for the fulfilment of the duty of this generation.

3

NEW WAY-DIt. AND MRS. SPRINGER TRAVELING IN CENTRAL

THE OLD WAY-DR. SPRINGER CROSSING 'l'HE RIVER IN A DUG OUT CANOE 450

IN CENTRAL

BY REV. JOHN M. SPRINGER, D.D., Katanga, Central Africa M-i88ionary oj the ..lIcthudist Episcopal Ohurch AFABULOUS wealth of rich trail and on two occasions saw copper ores was the magnet slaves in chains ready to be that deflected the Cape to marched out to Angola and be sold. Cairo Railway westward from its The Benguella Railway is now runoriginally intended course along ning over that same slave trail, Lake Tanganyika and brought it practically, and reached the border to what is now Elisabethville, the of the Belgian Congo Nov. 30, 1927. capital of the Katanga, the southernmost of the four provinces of Last year Dr. Piper entered the the Belgian Congo. Katanga with his wife and two daughters by means of this rail- But even though Elisabethville road as far as it went and then by is in the very heart of Central his motor car from railhead to his Africa, it is now easily reached station. It is expected that this from the western, the eastern as rail route will link up with the well as the southern coasts by rail- Cape-to-Cairo near the mines by roads supplemented in some cases 1930. by river and lake steamers. Motor roads radiate from Elisabethville This mineral field not only has in all directions so that it is not what is commonly stated to be the infrequent now for parties to drive largest and richest known body of in ·an auto between here and the copper ores in the world, but it is west coast and to Capetown 2,500 also rich in radium ores, cobalt, miles to the south; it is possible lime, iron, coal, lead, silver, zinc, to drive to the Indian Ocean, and gold, palladium and diamonds. of the making of motor roads there Immense smelting plants for the is no end. production of metals are in opera- tion and others are being built; the The vast mineral wealth of the Koni Falls are being harnessed to Katanga has been the lode that has give an almost unlimited supply of drawn six thousand Europeans electricity, and other foreigners from the ends of the earth into this province, Naturally these commercial acseeking their fortunes and not a tivities require native labor and few are finding them there. hundreds of thousands of natives from every tribe in the mid-con- This means that changes are tak- tinent are being drawn to these ing place that are astounding even mining centers annually. to those of us that have been familiar with this section for the last Old customs and manners of natwenty years. When we first tive life are hereby turned topsyreached these mines in 1907 on our turvy and in this chaotic state the way across Africa, we were told missionary is needed even more that Mrs. Springer was the first than he is among the untouched white woman to arrive at Kam- heathen. For more than two years bove. From there we traveled for we had been in the interior among weeks westward along the old slave the very rawest of natives and had been so isolated that during that 451

TRIBES RECRUITED TO LABOR ON KATANGA COPPER MINES IN TIlE AREA Of THE CONGO MISSION EPISCOPAL C • :'~IU.T:~~~M~~i.

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time Mrs. Springer had not seen of the trip. We reached Kambove another white woman, and barely about one o'clock in the afternoon a half dozen white men had passed and an hour later as I was cycling through our station, when we along the narrow path of the camp, moved to these mines to begin mis- a native rushed out and hailed me sion work there in 1913. with the greeting, "Bwana, have Our trek from the interior to the you any books to sell? I want to mineral belt was during the latter buy a hymn book." He had known part of the rainy season and we me years before at Broken Hill and had to wade through swamps and recognized me at once and rushed vleis most of the twenty-one days out with the hope that he could

WEALTH IN CENTRAL AFRICA

buy not only a hymn book but a too few. Many of the languages Bible and other books as well. have not yet been reduced to writ- ing and in those that have, there Having come from the interior, are frequently less than a dozen I did not have books of any sort books in print altogether. Our with me to sell or otherwise, as own little press has been kept busy nine of my carriers had deserted to meet the demand, as far as we and I had had to leave the nine could, and to be able to sell the loads on the veld by the side of the books at the lowest possible price. path. But. I immediately ordered books and that was the start of our In 1913, the railroad construccolportage work that has loomed tion was in progress approaching large in our missionary activities Kambove. Cycling along the level in that whole region. It is note- road bed before the rails were laid, worthy that the original capital of I was halted one day by another this book store was ten dollars native who stood at attention, gave which had been voluntarily given me the military salute and then me by a German Jew in 1907 and exclaimed, "Mufundisi (teacher) DR. SPRINGER'S CARAVAN TRAVELING THROUGH THE LUKUNGA SWAMP IN 1910 to this was added another ten dol- Springer, all the boys are crying lars by a Russian Jew here at Kam- for school."

bove in 1913. I had known this boy Mack back Since that day following our ar- in Broken Hill in 1907 when he rival in Kambove, our mission has and his mates had been at work at sold hundreds of thousands of railroad construction there, and I Bibles and hymn books, primers had been able to provide a school and other school books. We have for which they had pleaded then.

used our Christian laymen prin- So with this fresh caB, we began cipally to sell to those working afternoon and evening schools with them in the same camps and which were at once crowded with compounds and to visit the scores eager pupils. Such schools have of other mining and wood camps multiplied a hundred fold and around them where they always have been adapted to all the diffound a ready sale for their Wares. ferent groups from the raw native We aim to carryall available just out from the interior working books in every language spoken with pick and shovel to the women within 500 miles of the mineral and girls, and with French classes belt and in some much farther for those desiring to learn that away. Even so the books are all language. The pupils in the French

THE OLD- A FEW KABONGA'S WIVES, A DISSOLUTE CHIEF IN COUN'l'RY classes include a number who have preacher among them. How did had a good English education in they hear the Good News? Why British territory. some Christian layman who is one of themselves has naturally takell Wherever possible we have tried the lead and become a voluntary to place trained teachers in the teacher. They have been able to many widely scattered camps. But buy a supply of books from our colso far it has been obviously impos- porteurs-primers, hymn books and sible to respond to the call from Bibles-in the order mentioned, scores of these camps which are and have been led to Christ in that always shifting. But by selling way. primers, hymn books and Bibles in these camps, we find that thou- In order to meet the need for a sands of natives are able to find trained native ministry, we started some one in the camp who has the Fox Bible Training School in learned to read and who will teach 1910 while on the path to the inthem and so the work develops. terior. Twelve native young men from nine different tribes were en- Our missionaries are often sur- rolled before the end of the first prised when groups of from ten year. This school was later located to twenty or more natives come to at Kambove and scores of pastorus from long distances and ask to teachers and Christian laymen be enrolled as catechumen or pre- went out from there and the most paratory church members. They of them have been doing faithful have had no regular teacher or

WEALTH IN CENTRAL AFRICA

work for the Master all these years. had asked me to secure for them, While still building our station from night school fees and Sunday collections and doing all the teachat Kambove in 1914, I received an ing and preaching voluntarily till extraordinary letter signed by our return from furlough. We twenty-four native young men in were then able to build a small Elisabethville, 100 miles away, ask- brick church that would seat 350 ing me to come down there and or- people, which we are still using ganize them into a church. It was though the work has long since outimpossible for me to respond at grown its capacity. On the sides once but, when the Rev. Roger S. of the audience room are eight Guptill and wife joined us about smaller rooms that have served as that time, we went down as soon book store, printing press, offices, as we could arrange to do so and THE NEW-BOYS BEING TAUGHT CARPENTRY Nl' OLD UMTALI, RHODESIA met the request. We received quite classrooms and for various other a large class on probation and bap- purposes. tized several children both among natives and whites. For from the From this small beginning, there time it was established in 1910, the were at last reports 556 full memtown of Elisabethville had no resi- bers, 648 probationers and 3,773 dent Protestant missionary till hearers connected with this church. 1917. The Government has made us a grant of a valuable plot of land For two years that little band of just across the street from this natives-most of whom were con- church and a good friend here in verts of that most notable mission- the United States has given us the ary in Central Africa since David funds to build a new church that Livingstone, Dr. Robert Laws of will be more adequate for present Nyasaland, 500 miles east of Elisa- needs. The old building will conbethvill~arried on the work tinue to be used for day and night alone, paying the rent of the small schools and for many other imporcorrugated iron store that they tant purposes.

PIONEER DAYS-CORRUGATED IRON BUILDING USED FOR CHURCH AND SCHOOL AT ELISABI!l'l'BVILLE Panda was started as a mining The board of stewards, teachers center about 1917 and now has im- and class leaders passes on the mense concentrating, leaching, character and attainments of those electrolysis, flotation and smelting seeking admission into memberplants. But our Mission – and ship. And let it be known right there was no other-was not able here that they are inclined to be to place a resident worker there very strict and rigid in matters of until 1922 and he had to leave soon discipline. Knowing as we do the after on account of health. The fearful tides of evil and temptawriter then went there and carried tion which our native Christians on for a time. The natives re- have to breast continually, we sponded in such fashion that dur- sometimes feel that it is a miracle ing the first year there were 500 that they stand as weil as they do. who joined the church as hearers These brethren of theirs who are and converts. This number has in the same positions as themselves, continued to grow rapidly under know the importance of no commy successor until now that church promise and hold them strictly to is almost up to that of Elisabeth- account for keeping in the straight ville in numbers. and narrow way, paying their church dues so as to send the gos- These churches are so organized pel light on to others and in all as to put large responsibility on respects living up to their church the native members and especially vows. on those chosen as class leaders and stewards. All of our adher- In the fifteen years that the ents and members are given cards Methodist Episcopal Church has with the dates of the fifty-two Sun- been occupying these mineral fields days of the year on which are and also stations in the territory of marked their weekly contributions the Luunda and Luba tribes, we and now these congregations, to have trained and sent out fully 150 the extent of the support of their pastor-teachers~ One of these who native pastors and teachers, are started with our Mission at Kammore than self-sustaining. bove as Mr. Guptill's cook boy,

WEALTH IN CENTRAL AFRICA

Nelson Capempe, has been ordained was a contemporary of Dan Crawto the ministerial order of deacon ford, having gone with him in the and is worthy of the position. same party that Mr. Fred Arnot was taking to Africa, came to One interesting case of an in- Elisabethville and told Mr. Gupdividual won and of large results till that some 200 people had been through him came out of an open- converted on his station largely air meeting held where the natives through the influence of this same congregated by the thousands on man. In relating his experience to Sunday afternoons to promenade Mr. Fisher, he had said that at and dance. first he was furious with Mr. Gup- till for breaking up the dance. On one occasion Mr. Guptill Then as he heard the hymns and came upon a very obscene dance the gospel story told again, he had there. He joined the group and by become convicted of the horrible a clever ruse soon got control of depths to which he, a professed the drums and then began to sing Christian on leaving home, had a hymn. The dancers flocked fallen since reaching the mines, eag-erly around him while the or- and had gone off and had wrestled ganizer and leader of the dance all night, as it were, with the stood to one side glowering with demons themselves. At last he had anger and finally stalked off and gained the victory through Christ. left the scene. That was the last Guptill heard or saw of him for He had then left the mineral years. . fields and returned to his own kraal which was hundreds of miles Some two years or so later, a son of the Dr. Walter Fisher who THE FRUiTAGE-A CHRISTIAN CONGREGATION GATHERED IN TWENTY·FIVE YEARS

away and from that time, Mr. dozen or more other Protestant Fisher reported, this man had been missions of Central Africa from a very active Christian and had whose territory natives come to won large numbers from heathen- work on the mines. Our great ism to Jesus Christ. How many theme is Jesus Christ as Saviour others have been similarly reached and we stress the teachings and we may never know, but this shows standards of Christian life on what tremendous opportunities which we all agree. On their rethese mineral fields offer for win- turn to their villages, we send our ning souls to the Master. members and adherents back with 'l'HE WORSHIPERS COMING OUT 01' THE ELISABETHVILLE CHURCH, CENTRAL AFRICA The work we have been describ- letters of commendation to their ing is not the interest and concern nearest mission stations. Here is of one mission or church. For, as an instance of that unity for which the only evangelical mission oper- our Saviour prayed, a real unity in ating in the mineral fields, we hftve service for the rudely awakened, always most cordially welcomed bewildered and rapidly changing the members and adherents of the natives of Central Africa.

DR. LAWS LEAVES LIVINGSTONIA * D R. ROBERT LAWS left Blan- of missionaries which over fifty years tyre at six on September 8th to ago claimed Nyasaland for Christ. return to Scotland after more than fifty years of labor in Africa. Dr. Laws is broken in health, white of hair and beard, a little bowed and In the grey dawn a little group shrunken, but with the stamp of greatgathered at the station. Commerce, ness unmistakable. government, missions were all represented-significant of the growing life The roads around Blantyre were of the young country whose doors he filled with Africans going to their has been so largely instrumental in day's work – clerks, storekeepers, opening. He is the last of that band motor-drivers, artisans. To that old man sitting in the railroad train, more • From the Mis8i01' RecordJ November, 1927. than to any other, is the marvelous change due that has brought these

WEALTH IN CENTRAL AFRICA

Africans out of the barbarism and redeemed from slavery, ignorance, and superstition, and a civilization is aimed ignorance of their fathers. He has at and already partially realized, where proved that Faith works-that there Christian principles lie at the foundation is nothing God cannot do in and with and guide the growth.

a man who wholly and sincerely sur- "The great educational movement renders himself. He gives all the which has placed Nyasaland in the fore- front of all Bantu countries was begun glory to God. W. P. YOUNG. at Cape Maclear fifty years ago, and has *** been developed from stage to stage until today the Liv;ingstonia Mission may re- The Livingstonia Mission Council gard itself as it is regarded by many in Africa as a leading force in the training adopted the following minute regard- ing Dr. Laws. It is an excellent sum- of a race. The Overtoun Institution has grown under the fostering care of Dr. mary of his work, and we give the Laws to be a great centre of education following extracts: in almost every department of progress "For many years Dr. Laws has been in which Africa needs instruction. In in a preeminent sense the Apostle of the preparation of men for preaching the Central Africa, extending his energies Evangel, for healing the sick, for teachfar and wide throughout the great land ing the young, for guiding the industrial to which he gave life and heart and development of the people, the Overtoun mind; not merely giving counsel and Institution as the Director of Education guidance to his own fellow-missionaries recently said, coupling with it the name and to those of other churches in other of the Henderson Institute at Blantyre, spheres, but also taking his share in the 'form educational centres of which any material development of the country; British Colony could justly be proud.'

consulted in all affairs, speaking with "Dr. Laws would be the last to claim acknowledged authority on all matters that all this was the work of one man. connected with the welfare of the people Many men and women, and many types of the land, and when the need arose, of mind, have engaged in the task with standing up to advocate with conspicuous courage and enthusiasm. But Dr. Laws success their right to fair dealing and has seen and in his own measure guided honorable treatment. Sir Lawrence Wal- the movement from the beginning.

lace, a recent governor of Northern "His colleagues in the Mission feel that Rhodesia, expressed the opinion that Dr. they have shared in a great period of Laws was the biggest man who ever African history in which Dr. Laws has came .into Central Africa. been an outstanding figure. They are "But when his great work in the Mis- proud of their connection with him, and sion with which his name is identified they feel that now, in the time of his comes under review the Council feels honorable retirement, they part with one that the preeminent position which Dr. who has been gifted of God to Africa Laws will occupy in the minds of suc- for great purposes. They part from him ceeding generations of the African peo- with profound regret and with the ple will be a much more eloquent tribute warmest goodwill, and they pray that to this worth than anything that can now in the years that are yet before him he be said. Few are left in the Mission may still have the joy of planning and whose minds can go back to the great working for the further progress of the days of the beginnings, but none are on great task of the redemption of Africa to the staff who are not in some measure which the many years of his vigorous aware of the manner in which the skill, manhood were dedicated. courage, and great human heart of Dr. Laws led the Mission on from step to "The Council feels that it cannot close step, always cautiously advancing from this Minute without an affectionate refone achievement to another, never ac- erence to Mrs. Laws, of whom so many knowledging defeat, yet ever ready to warm recollections rise in the minds of alter plans when ripening occasion called the older colleagues of her husband. Mrs. for fresh methods. Laws was the first lady to come to Lake Nyasa; she was a pioneer of work among "Dr. Laws found a country sunk in the women of the land; her hymns barbarism and heathen superstition. He nourished for a generation the spiritual sees it today a land where no man lives life of the people; her hospitality was beyond the sound of the Gospel, and such as became her husband's position where a great native Church has been in the countrv; and Dr. Laws' friends established, set deep in the hearts of the are not unaware of how frequently her people and already in some degree itself high courage was his own strength and a missionary Church. The land has been stay in many a difficult position."

FRIEND, THE SHULLA

BY MRS. D. S. OYLER, Doleaib Hill, Egyptian Sudan Missionary of the United Presbyterian Ohurch, U. S. A.

BACK in the 70's, when the to get ready to leave the village. Egyptian Sudan was in the Any who resisted were killed. clutches of political turmoil, a certain young woman lived in This young woman was torn one of the numerous villages of away from her relatives and was the section of the White Nile, taken to the Northern Sudan, which flows through the Shulla where she was sold as a slave. Many a time she longed for death. country. Sometimes she had food to eat, but She was a comely young woman; more often she went hungry. Sometimes she had clothes to wear, tall, erect in carriage; with teeth but frequently a mere rag covered as white as pearls; and with skin her nakedness. These days were as black as ebony and smooth as full of unspeakable horrors over velvet. Like the other girls in her which we mercifully draw a veil. tribe she spent a care-free existence, helping with the household Years passed. Finally she found work, going to dances, and talking some of her Shulla friends, and about the time when she would with them made her way back to have a home of her own. their village. Here they found that all was changed. Only a few Hundreds of thousands of girls scattering houses stood where in the Shulla tribe were living just there had been a large village. such a life, when there began to When this young woman found one filter through the village rumors of her relatives, her joy was unthat an army of men from the bounded. north was working toward the south, and on their way seized men Later she married a Shulla and and women, boys and girls, and life once more seemed pleasant. carried them into slavery. Such Then came the Mahdi's soldiers, rumors were discussed, but they and she and her husband were did not greatly worry the people obliged to flee south into the Dinka of the village. To the African country. Here they remained with mind the pleasures of today are their little family until danger was far more important than the evil past, after which they returned which may come tomorrow. once more to their village.

My acquaintance with Nya Suddenly one morning these peo- Shodkwaich, for such was her pIe found their village surrounded name, began about five years ago. by Arabs, each of whom carried a I asked her daughter if she were gun or a sword. The people were willing to accept Christ, but she ordered to bring out all their kaffir said that her mother would never corn which had been stored in give her consent. Later, however, their houses. After this the old Nya Shodkwaich gave her permisand infirm were shot, amid the sion and the daughter and her husscreams and groans of their loved band were baptized, together with ones. All the others were ordered their two little girls.

460 For years when I went out to to save Shullas from their sins, as hold meetings in the village where well as the foreigners."

her daughter and son-in-law were When I asked Nya Shodkwaich living, Nya Shodkwaich talked in if she were willing to pray she an undertone, and sometimes said, "I have prayed in secret these laughed, especially when prayer many moons. Sometimes Nya Dei- was being offered. Then her wul (the Bible woman) and I have daughter and son-in-law moved to prayed out in the corn fields, while the mission compound, where they we were hoeing. But I do not had been given regular work, hired know how to pray like the other by the year, instead of by the day. Christians."

The grandmother continued to live We three women prayed together with them and came to the meet- that afternoon, and the prayer ofings held in the little mud-walled fered by Nya Shodkwaich will alcommunity house. She still talked ways stand out in my memory. in the meetings, but she did not do She told the Lord that she had been it as frequently as in former times. taught to break the seventh com- One day she remained after the mandment while she was a slave. women's meeting, and with her Then she went on to review her was our Shulla Bible woman. We whole life's history. Following sat on tanned gazelle skins, which this, she closed by saying that she had been spread on the earthen was an old woman, and perhaps floor, and talked. Finally Nya her days were few, but she wanted Shodkwaich turned to me and said, to confess Christ and to be a Chris- "My talk is finished." This is a tian because there was no other very common expression in Shulla "talk" as sweet as the words of land, and I did not know to which "talk" she referred. She contin- God. ued: Nya Shodkwaich was baptized "Many a time I deliberately on the same day that four of her Shulla sisters and fourteen men tried to disturb your village meet- and boys were taken into the ings. You did not scold me. Your church. It was a blessed privilege eyes told me that you were not to see the change in this dear, old pleased. I told the other women grandmother's attitude. Instead to remain in their houses when you of laughing, she sat quietly came to the village. through each service, and was al- "Then my daughter said that ways willing to take part. If there she wanted to have the 'water of was the slightest disturbance in God' (baptism) put on her head, that little community house, she and I was not happy. I thought it reproved the offender in a kindly was foolish because she said she spirit, saying that the house of also wanted to have her two daugh- prayer was a place to be reverent.

ters baptized. A week before Dr. Oyler and I "But my insides (conscience) left our station to come home on would not give me rest. I had furlough, Nya Shodkwaich offered learned that I would be cast into a prayer which is one of my pre- the everlasting fire if I did not be- cious memories. She prayed for lieve. I learned that Christ, the our safety on the long journey Son of God, died many years ago home, and that we might find all

our relatives when we reached our Word has reached us that Nya "village." Then she prayed for Shodkwaich has been called to her her tribe, and those who have ac- eternal home. She is the first cepted Christ, that none of them Shulla Christian woman to receive would become cold, or turn aside the summons to go up higher. She from Christianity. She closed her will not be standing on the river prayer with these words: "I have bank at Doleib Hill to greet us lived many years. My eyes have when the steamer draws up to the seen much of evil. Perhaps I will landing, twenty-five hundred miles not be here when my friends return up the Nile River, but Christ has from their country. Keep me from led her safely through the "valley committing sin. And when they of the shadow of death," and she return, may I have some one in my will be on the Heavenly Shore to hands, who has learned the 'talk of welcome me when I too am called God' from lne~" Home.

THE LORD'S PRAYER* In Kopapingo Literal Translation Indi Wongine Bapa napooroong- Great one Father our the place goo wonga noora garrowa ka- you rest in is heaven, there you ninna. abide.

Bitchan ka-billi ka-ninna. Thus always you abide.

Ni namakaroo, nungoo yakoo You are good, your name is namakaroo. good.

Ni konggaityooro, napooroona You help us keep your good law kangoo nungoo mainmuk rorm di- here in world this. palla wonga lilli.

Bayyanya nakoona wallala ka- The same as they keep it there kama onna garrowa. in heaven.

Biakoo billi biakoo, billi gooroo- Every day, every day give us pooloo natta galnawa. food for our bodies.

Ka ni bai lakarangoo ballangoo And you forgive us sins our as djirri napooroonggoo ooni billi no- we forgive those who wrong us. pooroona bai lakarangoo oorakoo wallalunggoo yorlkor yaitchirri. Lead us, look out for us in the good way, and keep away from Garngoo napooroona, djaga na- evil things us. pooroonggoo namatungoo dookarr, lilli ka roongunmurra yaitnooroo Always is good law. Always napooroona. you are powerful.

Billi nungoo namakaroo rorm. Billi dal ni.

Ni Bapa ballanya natilli na- You Father like this first be- koona yooroona wonga dooala. Ni fore, afterwards this world. You tooka ballanya yooroona dooala will be like this after this world finished. Amen. wonga. Baina-yirri.

• From the Mi8Bionary Review of Australia. A South Sea Island Language.

WORLD'S SUNDAY SCHOOL

Preparations for the Tenth World's Sunday School Convention at Los Angeles BY REV. SAMUEL D. PRICE, D.D., New York A8sociate Secretary oj the World's Sunday School .Association T HE world is always under re- preparation of lesson materials view when the work of the adapted to the various countries World's Sunday School Asso- and climes. Japan has made re- ciation is considered. Effort is con- markable progress and now has tinuously being made through the eleven years of graded lessons.

various units, the National Sunday Adequately equipped teachers School Associations, to accomplish are essential wherever satisfactory three definite objectives: (1) Win results are to be obtained. This souls to Christ; (2) Build them principle applies especially in the up in Christ; (3) Send them out realm of religious education where to work for Christ. Human nature, man's needs and spiritual realities are the same everywhere, and the same power is required to bring success anywhere.

Christian Sunday-school work is continuous. The tenth convention of the World's Sunday School As- sociation· will be held in Los An- geles, California, July 11-18. The ninth was in Glasgow, 1924, and the eighth in Tokyo, 1920, and a:n one is being prepared for life in invitation will be presented to hold two worlds. Law requires that the the eleventh, in 1932, in South prospective operator of a motor America. Fifty-five nations were vehicle shall give a satisfactory represented at Glasgow and at Los demonstration of his ability before Angeles a registration of 7,000 is he is permitted to take a car on anticipated. Leaders in religious the highway. Too often, scarcely education throughout the world a question is asked of the teacher have been invited to make ad- who is entrusted with the leader- dresses or to participate in the dis- ship of a child. The work of teach- cussion and nearly three-fourths of er training is being developed in them will come from outside the every country where there is a United States. field secretary of the World's Sun- Marked progress has been made day School Association. Courses during the past quadrennium in are conducted throughout the year, the preparation of lesson materi- training schools are held each sum- also It has often been said that an mer, correspondence courses are adequate curriculum is one that followed and seminaries are urged meets the need of the pupil in every to give more comprehensive atten- stage of his development. Careful tion to religious education as an attention is being given to the essential department. In many in- 463

stances, the World's Secretary is national Daily Vacation Bible invited to give a series of lectures, School Association has been in ac- if not to direct the entire course of tive cooperation in prosecuting such study. this work. In some countries a Korean students are enthusias- literature had to be created both tic in their eagerness for teacher for the instructors and students.

training. They journey long dis- A special department was organ- tances on foot, carrying their bag- ized in Korea. The last report of gage, that they may have the help D. V. B. S. in Korea gives 311 of a school in their area. The schools, 2,246 teachers and 29,403 largest meeting place is all too pupils.

small. In Northern Korea recent- In South Pyeng An Province a ly, where ice was two feet thick little girl came to the vacation on the river, about 700 students school in her home town and there were present during the day ses- learned something about Christ. sions. When the time came for the Every morning at home, however, more popular evening meetings, she saw her father prostrating those who lived in the more imme- himself before family ancestral diate neighborhood were eager to tablets. One day she asked, "Fareceive the benefit also, but the ther, why do you bow down before floor space was filled by those al- that old box?" When the father ready seated. The chorister in- thought it over he could find no vited all to stand for a song, and good reason why he should conthen told the people to step for- tinue to do so, with the result that ward close to the person in front. he stopped such worship and with After the singing they were in- his family came to the church to structed to sit down just where find out more about what his little they were. They managed this and daughter had learned. so left some space at the rear of the hall and this was quickly fined Near the city of Taiku were a by others. The same process was number of young men who thought repeated, until 1,500 were packed socialism, even communism,· to be in, almost to suffocation, when the a good thing, and so they thought evening messages were delivered. too that they were very much op- They planned for an attendance of posed to Christianity, knowing 1,000 at the last All-Korean Sun- nothing about it except false re- day School Convention in Seoul, ports. When a vacation school but when the delegates were was begun in their town they counted, 1997 were recorded. thought they would surely have to Twice as many came as were ex- oppose it, but finally some, more pected! They are now thinking in open-minded then the others, went terms of 4,000 for their next na- to see for themselves what was be- tional convention. ing done. The result was that, Daily Vacation Bible Schools finding Christianity to be some- have had their beginning in a num- thing! very different from what they ber of countries during the quad- had supposed, they took up an of- rennium. Their benefits have been fering among themselves and their repeatedly established in China, friends amounting to 70 yen and Korea, Japan, Philippine Islands, gave it to the church they had Bible Lands and Brazil. The Inter- thought they hated with the re-

THE WORLD'S SUNDAY SCHOOL PROGRESS

quest that it be used as the church material has been issued in the saw fit. National Phonetic Script, in which Approach to the Moslem has al- thirty-nine characters represent ways been a most difficult problem. the sounds of the Chinese language.

Therefore it is very significant to Thereby an illiterate person is able state that there has been a decided to learn to read in about a month's increase in Sunday-school member- time. A very helpful result has ship in Egypt. The attendance at recently been attained through the all the well-established schools has work of Chinese artists and devel- grown. Thousands of Moslem chil- dren have been taught in the streets of Cairo, Alexandria and other centers. The small Bible les- son picture card has been a materi- al factor in gaining the attendance and in holding the attention of these boys and girls. They assem- ble in some open place rather than in any building. In fad there would be an added problem in try- ing to get them into a building for their Sunday-school sessions.

During the past four years, the special Sunday-school work on the continent of Europe has been un- der the direction of James Kelly, the Field Secretary under the Brit- ish Committee. In his reports, ac- counts are given of genuine prog- ress in no less than fifteen countries. Mr. Kelly has made re- peated trips to those nations and has been in helpful conference with the various national Sunday School THE CONVENTION POSTER Associations as organized. A re- opment in China of the art of color cent project was an important printing whereby very satisfactory deputation trip of two Danish Bible lesson pictures, both large clergymen to Iceland in the inter- and small, have been made availest of the Sunday-school move- able. These pictures carry local ment. color in a double sense and make an unusual appeal to the Chinese In spite of the war problems, the mind. China Sunday School Union has been able to maintain its work. Looking Ahead Only parts of that great area have been affected at any time by the In facing the coming quadren- local strifes. At all times current nium, 1928-32, the purpose is to Sunday-school literature has been develop all the work now in hand, furnished, as usual, for all the rest make more help available to the of the more than 200,000 in their existing National Sunday School Sunday-school membership. Much Associations and assist other na- 4

tions as rapidly as funds and lead- each of the national units composership can be obtained. ing the World's Sunday School As- sociation. So that the country with The National Sunday School As- the largest Sunday-school memsociation has always been in the bership and which contributes the program to work through the mis- major amount of money can never sionary agencies on the field and be in a position to exercise any the national churches as organized control, it is purposed that not into a Sunday School Association more than one third of the total for that particular country. This membership of the Executive Comis in accord with the trend in re- mittee shall reside in anyone cent years to help locally rather country. More and more the re- sponsibility for providing the than superimpose any method on money, including the cost at headanother country. By-laws have quarters, and guiding the work, been altered and will be further will be allocated among the various changed at "Los Angeles-1928" to enlarge the consciousness of re- units according to their abilities. sponsibility and opportunity in CAREY'S INFLUENCE CONTINUES BY ALTON B. JACOBS, Angwin, California ; FTER years of strain due to "In those days it meant more to be a Christian than it does now when there f l toil and study as factory are more who have taken their stand for Christianity. A short time after my manager, preacher, profes- great-grandfather accepted Christianity, sor, translator, and compiler, Wil- my grandfather was born. The relatives liam Carey, pioneer of the Cross to of my great-grandfather now found a India, wrote: "I feel as a farmer way to inflict more persecution upon him. does about his crop." It was not They sought an opportunity to put an until these years of labor in Bengal end to the life of the new-born babe. were past, that he saw any results So one evening when my great-grandof his seed-sowing. His first Ben- mother went out of the home on an ergali Brahman convert was a man rand, she snugly laid the baby (my named Mukerjee. The fruitfulness grandfather) asleep on a rice winnower of this work is shown in the word and went out. The relatives took advanreceived recently from L. G. tage of the absence of the mother and Mukerjee, a native C h r i s t ian carried the sleeping baby out in the worker, and great-grandson of the grove near the home, and left him among first Bengali Christian. He re- the bamboos. expecting that the wild ports that his grandfather, Lal jackals would kill him. Chand Mukerjee, the son of Carey's convert, died at the ripe old age "When my great-grandmother reof ninety-nine years. In his home turned home, she searched high and low was formed one of the first native for her baby, but failing to find him, she churches in India. He thus carried went away and never returned, probably on the precious faith which his fa- committing suicide by throwing herself into the Ganges. . . . ther had received. The younger Mukerjee writes: "Grandfather studied many denomina- tional books but his favorite books were the Bible, The Lord's Dealings with George Muller, and the 'Life of John Wesley.'''

William Carey did not sow in vain. The influence of his work still abides.

"UNNAMED CHRISTIANITY" IN

The Attitude of Turks toward Mission Schools J LTHOUGH the Turkish Gov- of the parents of children at .£"l. ernment has declared that Brousa, and their united action in State and Church, national- withdrawing their children from ism and religion, are separate and the School, …… then we come to distinct in Turkey, the application realize that we are not facing an of this principle is difficult. Islam ordinary, simple event. It has was for so long a time the religion made such a profound impression of the State and apostasy was so in Turkish society, that even the generally considered treason that Board of Education of a secular it is difficult for the Turks today Republic has seen the necessity of to think that a Turkish Moslem interfering with it.

can become a Christian and con- "We ought to consider first: tinue to be a loyal citizen of the Why are there American schools Turkish Republic. Theoretically in purely Turkish towns like and legally adults are permitted to Adana, Smyrna, Brousa, Cae- choose their own form of religion, sarea, etc.? Why are there French, or to be irreligious, but practically Italian, German, English, Austrian many great obstacles are put in and other foreign schools for boys the way of those who would leave and girls in Constantinople? It is Mohammed for Christ. It is for- evident that the duty of a school is bidden by law to influence minors to give education; and the work to change their religion-especially of education is to infuse in the to influence them to become Chris- young generation the common tians. The teachers in the Mission ideas, feelings, aims and ideals of school at Brousa have found that, the society to which it belongs.

though they obeyed the Turkish These can only be passed to the law, there is bitter opposition to younger generation through the any Christian influence being souls of the thoughtful and cul- exerted on Turkish youth. tured leaders of that society.

The following echoes from the Therefore, the existence of Amer- Turkish press show the trend of ican and foreign schools in Turkey Turkish thought (From Hovat, is useless, serving no purpose.

February 2, 1928) : "And yet the foreign schools in "Some of the girls of the Amer- Turkey are not useless altogether.

ican School at Brousa (Turkey) Foreign schools mean foreign cul- have embraced Christianity. This ture, and the contribution of this incident by itself is nothing but culture is expressed in the exist- the movement of a few individuals, ence of foreign languages, foreign out of the Mohammedan mass of national ideas and foreign religion.

several hundreds of millions into The function of a foreign school the Christian mass of several hun- is to engraft this culture in the dred millions. But if we consider native youth. Moreover, the for- the reaction of the events-the eign schools in our country are not publications of the press, the panic empty; instead they are crowded.

467

If you ask the administration of education come from being real these foreign schools, what their Christians. motives and reasons are which lead them to open and sustain these "In brief, there is Christianity schools, they answer that their aim in the schools, there is Protestantis humanitarian and they want to ism. But the influences on the promote education in Turkey. pupils are all indirect without Protestant schools don't teach reli- bearing the name of Christian. In gion directly in their schools, fact, the American missionaries moreover, they seem to be loyal to themselves name their new activithe laws and regulations of the ties in Turkey 'Unnamed Chris- State…… . tianity.' By creating a complete Christian environment for the "Let us consider the educational Turkish youth to live in, their aim activities of these schools. Here, is to instill in them gradually and first of all, we face moral educa- unconsciously .Christian ways and tion. They speak continuously from beliefs under the name of characthe point of view of character- ter-building, and so forth….. . building and this responsibility is "We may easily imagine the imalways and by all means under- pressions which these indirect taken by American teachers. All methods make on the souls of the other activities of the School young girls. The Brousa case is move towards that goal. One of a strong evidence of this. Probthe most attractive activities of the ably few persons will object to School is athletics, which is con- such an attitude by saying: 'Shall ducted always under the leadership we still discuss religion in a secuof a young American teacher, care- lar Republic?' It is true that every fully trained under strong reli- Turk of age is free to choose his gious influences….. The directors own religion; he may become a of the American schools have Catholic if he so wishes, or a Budlearned well that the method of in- dhist, or he may remain a Moslem direct religious teaching is the or an atheist altogether. But we most effective. The influence of a must not forget the fact that every good sports teacher has been very religion is an idea which can be deep-going and abiding on the applied to life. A young Turk who morals of the (Turkish) youth. has become a Protestant can find The essence of the teaching for no more satisfaction for the thirst character building is taken from of his soul in the society of Turkey. the Gospels, but in the beginning He looks to the great social order their sources are not openly stated of Protestantism; whereas the to the children….. . eyes of every young Turk should be fastened on his own (Turkish) "Teachers, male or female, are society. very polite and courteous. They are fine-looking, full of the human- "Therefore, foreign schools are itarian spirit, and obviously very not only abnormal institutions but much Christian. Moreover there is also obviously dangerous agents to an effort to make a gradual and our society. Those who shall presteady impression on the minds of pare the young people of a society the pupils that all their courtesy, must be only the thoughtful and humanitarian spirit, and refined cultured men of that society. It is

"UNNAMED CHRISTIANITY" IN TURKEY

not possible for the foreigner, with the fact that they are practically con- the greatest good-will, to influence fined to the children of our wealthy families because of their excessive the youth of a country according tuitions. The worst harm for a democto the ideals of that country. The racy is a class education. To eduforeign teachers of the foreign cate the children of the wealthy class schools in our country, with their in different ways from those of the great 'good-will,' are trying to sep- common people is a social fallacy, arate the Turkish youth from which is full of dangers in the conse- Turkish society. Do they desire to quences.

do evil to Turkey? Evidently not. "If these schools are abnormal and But the net results of their work even dangerous and harmful, why are undoubtedly evil. then are they crowded with pupils? "Consider the harm which for- First of all there is a total misappre- hension of the functions of education eign schools produce, as abnormal among the heads of families, espeagencies, on the moral education cially of those of the higher classes. of the youth of our country: Piano, 'etiquette,' and a foreign 1an- "1. The inner life of the boarding- guage are thought to be the three eleschools especially is very far from re- ments of education. Second, there is flecting the life of Turkish society. The a general indifference on the part of national days' of the Turks, which are the parents towards schools. Many a the main sources of national enthusiasm and elation, cannot be observed in these head of a family considers himself alschools; whereas the religious and na- together relieved from all his respontional days of the country which the mis- sibilities for the education of his chilsion represents are celebrated in a most dren, if once he entrusts his children impressive and inspiring way.

"2. The aim of the educational activi- to the care of a school. For such parties, which are carried on in these for- ents, boarding-schools are very ateign schools under the watchword of tractive; and the foreign boarding- 'unnamed Christianity,' is to infuse schools are ideal. Christian beliefs and doctrines in the minds of children in a subtle and peda- "The first responsibility rests with gogical way; for example, to inject parents whose children crowd these Christianity gradually, unconsciously schools. And the second responsibiland even without mentioning its name. ity is incumbent upon the Ministry of "3. The influence of these foreign Education. schools is most effective on the sensitive "The teachings of these foreign souls of our young girls. schools have not been found thus far "4. Foreign schools exert political in- superior to those of our national fluence also on the youth. They teach history from foreign sources and foreign schools. Look at the men who have points of view…… 'The freedom of the more or less social standing in the persecuted nations from the yoke of country and see how many of them Turkish tyranny!'…… are ideas which have been graduated from these forare frequently met in these sources.

"In short, these schools with all their eign schools. Look at the great aims and methods of education are in- leaders of the country; none of them stitutions which sever the Boul of the have ever studied in a foreign school! Turkish child from his own society and As to the language, nowhere a foreign bind him to another society which is not Turkish …… The occasional instances language by itself has been an aim in of conversion which break forth now and then are obvious manifestations of education; it is a means only, a means the indirect influence which these schools for the inter-communication of minds. exert on the minds of the pupils who at- The old Turkish school in spite of its tend them. The most powerful influence many faults, prepared great Turks; of a foreign school is the one which is exerted indirectly. the modern Turkish school is also pre- paring great Turks for tomorrow.

4. "Another harm of these foreign "Character is very largely a national schools which is not less important, is matter. It can be formed only in a na-

tional environment, through the good are based on righteousness, truth and bad influences of that environment. and brotherhood. But Christian Character cannot be imported from out- mission schools lose sight of their side, because it cannot have a foreign main reason for existence if they nature. Foreign schools, will build char- fail to put first the training of acter after the pattern of their foreign youth to know and believe in and ideas only; whereas such a character is follow Jesus Christ and to put into dangerous for the Turkish national practice His principles and teachideals, whether it be a political or a re- ings in all relationships of life. ligious thing." This should produce better chil- dren and better citizens-unselfish, The distinction between religion friendly, faithful and intelligent servants of God and man. and national loyalty should not be an impossible one for Turkish minds. A Christian can be a good citizen of any country whose laws NUGGETS FROM THE JERUSALEM COUNCIL MEETING Betraying Christianity Religion should control the whole of life. To ignore economic problems is to betray Christianity. Social conditions fix the environment in which religious influences have to work, they mould character and are responsible for forces we cannot control. We cannot successfully appeal for a life of self-sacrifice in an environment controlled by a ruthless competitive industry. We cannot have one standard of social ethics in personal relations and one in economic affairs.

R. H. TAWNEY, ESQ., London School of Economics, England.

The Burden of India Everything called India is rural India. Millions of peasants are not only paupers, but bankrupts. Their poverty means lowered vitality and fatalistic depression. Their ignorance leads to quacks, malnutrition, litigation, money lenders and middlemen. Many early marriages, although the extent of these has. been greatly exaggerated, lead to devitalized children, and over-burdened parents. It costs two cents a day to keep a man well in the best Indian prisons, yet the average income per family of several persons is from two to three cents a day. Education of the young is not enough. There must also be adequate adult education.

K. T. PAUL, B.A., Indian Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. in India.

Raee Prejudice All Christian forces, dedicated as they are to prepare for the establishment among all mankind of the Kingdom of God, are bound to work with alI their power to remove race prejudices and adverse conditions due to it, to preserve the rights of peoples, and to establish educational, religious and other facilities designed to enable all alike to enjoy equality of social, political and economic opportunity.

-Report on "Racial Relationships."

THE READING ROOM OF THE MISSION IN

THE IRISH CHURCH IN DAMASCUS BY REV. ELIAS NEWMAN, Damascus, Syria Missiotuw'll of the Irish Pre8byterian Church N EARLY ninety years ago (in Church to continue the mlSSlOn 1839) The Church of Scot- alone. Later on the Church of land sent out a delegation England, through the "London of enquiry to the Jews of the Jews Society," entered the field world. The result was the open- but after the Great War they too ing of Jewish Mission work in . left Damascus, so that the Irish Palestine and in different parts of Mission is now the only one work- Europe. ing among Jews in Syria. During One of the Scottish delegates, the last two years we passed the saintly Rev. Robert Murray through a great deal of trouble and McCheyne, visited Belfast and as a distress owing to the revolution result the Irish Presbyterian Gen- and the bombardment, but now eral Assembly decided to fol1ow Damascus is again normal and the the example of their Scottish work is in full swing.

brethren and opened a mission in Our church has recently pur- Damascus in 1843. chased a new building which has About the same time the United been equipped as a mission head- Presbyterian Church of North quarters. In it we have our Jew- America sent two missionaries to ish boys' school with over 100 Damascus commissioning them to students; our Arabic, French and go "to the Jew first and also to the English night school; a chapel and Gentile." After twenty-five years lecture hall for gospel services. A the United Presbyterian withdrew Lenten service was recently at- from Damascus and left the Irish tended by 300 Jews, and about 500 471

were turned away for lack of room. Under the old Turkish regime As it was the service had to be held it was not always possible to do in the courtyard. work openly among Jews or Mos- lems in Damascus. But the new In addition to Christian educa- conditions have made the missiontional work among Jews and J ew- aries more free, and have given esses through our day schools, we more opportunities. A new era are pushing the .work of general has dawned and the door for servevangelism among the Jews of the JEWISH DAY SCHOOL PUPILS OF' 'l'HE IRISH P RESBYTERIAN CHURCH, DAMASCUS oldest city recorded in history and ice among Jew and Moslem is now still inhabited, Bible women are wide open. daily at work in the Jewish quarter and are welcome in the homes "USE ME!" of the Jews. Evangelists and colporteurs visit the shops and places I am the Bible. of business in the different ba- I am God's Library. zaars, cooperating with the British To the weary pilgrim I am a Strong and Foreign Bible Society, the Staff. Scripture Gift Mission and The To the one who sits in gloom, I am Glo~. Trinitarian Bible Society. rious Light. To those who stoop beneath heavy bur – The Irish Presbyterian Church dens, I am Sweet Rest. is taking advantage of the new To him who has lost his way, I am a spirit of enquiry among the Jews Safe Guide. all over the world and is concen- To the discouraged, I whisper a glad trating on Jewish work more than message of Hope. in the past. To those who suffer in loneliness, I am a Friend. Use Me!

-Adapted from " World Call."

Of THE

The Significance of the J erusa- 8. Should the Christians at home be judged by the same standards as con- lem Council verts abroad-more or less strict?

O NLY God and time can de- 9. Should Christian missionaries and termine whether or not the their families appeal to their home gov- Missionary Council, recently ernments for protection in foreign lands, held on the Mount of Olives, was an or should they look only to God for epoch-making event. It is clear orders and protection and be ready to that a new crisis has come in the suffer and die in the pursuit of their history of Christian missions. The calling? work is subject to scrutiny and criticism, nQt only from its op- 10. Should Christian missionaries sub- mit to all national regulations in foreign countries where these prohibit preaching the Gospel in schools and in other ways interfere with religious liberty?

11. Should some missionaries, sup- ponents, but from its advocates. ported by churches at home, devote energies chiefly to reform movements in Many questions are being asked in industry, to improved sanitation and the home lands and on the mission other enterprises relating to physical betterment, or should all give themselves fields. wholly to the spiritual work of preaching 1. What is the real justification for the Gospel and training native Chris- Christian missions to those of other re- tians? ligions? What are the aims and objectives? 12. How far is organic union desirable in the churches at home or in the various 2. What is the vital content of the fields abroad? Are unity in aim, prin- Christian message? Is it primarily per- ciple and message and full cooperation, sonal or social; does it relate chiefly to without friction or overlapping, possible the future life or to all phases of the without organic union?

present life? The Missionary Council at Jeru- salem, with its 275 delegates from 3. How is the size of missionary in- all races and lands, and from most come and expenditure related to mis- of the Protestant Christian comsionary success? Are the chief assets munions, met to consider some of financial or spiritual? Is the personnel these problems. They did not meet or the program more important?

4. What methods in missionary work have produced the best and most abiding results? Have modern missions become to hear long addresses or to legistoo much institutionalized, too expensive and too elaborate? What proportion of late for Boards at home or for mission funds should be devoted to edu- churches aboard. They met to cation, evangelism, home expenses and study and think and pray together other purposes? -for Christian "corporate think- ing" in the interests of truth, 5. How large a responsibility should be placed on the native Christian con- verts and churches? What should be the harmony and progress. They standard required for native Christians before they are accepted as equal with thought interdenominationally, inforeign missionaries in authority and ternationally, interracially. They standing in church and social circles? endeavored to reach agreement on 6. What is the relation between self- some of the more important probsupport and self-government? 7. What signs of effectiveness has the lems and thus to realize more of Church at home a right to ask of its rep- the unity for which Christ prayed. resentatives abroad in order to warrant In so far as it is carried out in their support by sacrificial giving?

473

actual missionary experience, so stated. If it is realized, then this far the Council meeting at J erusa- will have been an epoch-making lem will prove to be epoch-making conference.

in missionary history. 3. New responsibilities for Na- Reports printed elsewhere in this tive churches. The time has passed issue, and to appear subsequently, in most mission fields when the show definite promise of some im- young Christian converts and portant results: churches are willing to be con- 1. New unity in the Christian sidered as children under mission- enterprise. Men and women of ary guardianship. They now ex- many races and nationalities met pect to be treated as brothers at Jerusalem on the basis of Chris- and they are ready to assume re- tian equality. Differences in sex, sponsibility for the development of in color, in dress, in social stand- the churches in their own lands.

ing, in wealth and language made They are not strong in numbers, no difference in the spiritual unity resources or learning, but they are of the delegates. They all recog- ready to grow and to accept help nized one Master. In Christ there from those who are stronger.

is no male or female, no Jew or This new recognition of the Greek, no bond or free, no rich or national Christians is shown poor. There are differences of gifts especially in the new basis for the llnd administration, but one Spirit organization of the International and one Lord. If this ideal can be Missionary Council. In place of realized in the relation of mission- representing only the home base aries and native Christians in the churches of Europe and America, Church at home and abroad, then it will represent the twenty-three this will prove to have been an national Christian councils of the epoch-making conference. world. This is a truly great step 2. New statement of the Chris- and places the missionary enter- tian message. No new message is prise on a new basis-not of needed; nothing different from the foreign propaganda but of spiritual Gospel proclaimed by Christ and fellowship and extension through His apostles is desired. But con- witnessing and cooperation among ditions have changed and phrase- Christians of all nations and de- ology has changed. The Council nominations. The value of human adopted a clear statement in regard leadership depends on conformity to the Christian message that must to Christ's leadership. If this is be given to the world today. Other realized more practically, then this religions contain truth and ideal- will prove to have been an epoch- ism, but they have no vital truth to making conference.

be added to the Gospel of Christ. 4. New dependence on God. The His message is to all-whatever necessity for fuller reliance on the their religion or absence of religion leadership and the power of -for all have sinned and there is the Spirit of God was another im- no other Saviour than Jesus Christ. portant emphasis at Jerusalem.

He is able and ready not only to No method is of supreme im- save from eternal death but to save portance. God works in diverse for life. His life and power are to ways at diverse times. Money is be applied to all departments and not the sine qua non. Great relatienships of life. This is clearly spiritual undertakings are often

TOPICS OF Il'HE TIMES

hindered rather than helped by an away freedom of action on the part abundance of money. Even many of those who do not accept their workers are not required to attain doctrines, but also promotes dis- success. One man, moved by the order, lawlessness and immorality, Spirit of God, is a mightier force a disregard of the rights of others, than a million depending only on and a low conception of the value human wisdom and resources. We of human life. Atheism destroys cannot expect peace propaganda, true liberty which is protected by physical or industrial or social the highest laws of life.

betterment agitation or intellectual A recent letter from an evangel- advancement to solve the world's ical Christian in Leningrad conproblems. A spiritual force and so- tains the following evidence as to lution are required; therefore our present-day conditions: great dependence is on the leadership of Christ, on the power of the Several evangelical preachers were ar- Spirit of God, on an intelligent rested and imprisoned by the Bolsheviks understanding of the revealed pro- some months ago, without any charge gram of God, on a sacrificial de- being laid against them. Now they votion to the service of God and have been sent into exile for two years humanity, and on keeping in with hard labor, to the town of Kem in harmony with God through prayer. the far north, near the White Sea and Arctic Ocean….. . If these elements and principles more fully characterize the mis- Seeing them peacefully going away sionary enterprise in the coming amongst the soldiers, .brought to our years because of the Jerusalem minds the words of the Prophet, "Led as Council meeting, then that will in- a sheep to the slaughter and as a lamb deed have been an epoch-making before her shearers is dumb." The solconference. God grant that it may diers standing in rows did not let us be followed by these results! come near them, but we spoke to them with our eyes.

There went forth our good brethren, with whom we knelt so often in prayer, fighting against sin, and with whom our hearts have grown together in brotherly love, whose only aim in life was to fight against unrighteousness and sin, so that with pure hearts they could serve the A theistic Propaganda Lord. Now they are sentenced.as crim- inals–sentenced in an arbitrary way, I T IS difficult to understand the without trial and without justice and mentality of those who en- without any possibility of defending themselves or appealing to a higher deavor to propagate atheism. court…••• The results are so clearly evil that As regards the spiritual state of the the natural conclusion is that the devil is the. instigator and leader in Church, left pastoriess now, thank God, the movement. Russian commu- this happening has done much good, benists and anarchists have been a cause there is greater sincerity and big factor in the spreading of athe- boldness. All see that the words of Jesus are fulfilled and that the· day of His Coming is rapidly approaching. Remem- ber :us in prayers.

ism in China, Turkey, Europe and Russia has now been under the America. They appeal to a mis- Communistic Soviet Government taken idea of freedom and self- for ten years, but liberty and interest, teaching that belief in righteousness seem to be as far God brings servile submission to from realization as ever. . Many outside control and, therefore, de- experiments have been tried and stroys personal liberty. They do found wanting-the abolition of not point out, however, that com- private ownership and inheritance, munistic control not only takes destruction of private trade, free

postal service and transportation, "Gideons," the Christian traveling the practical abolition of marriage salesmen who have placed millions and of religion. The communistic of Bibles in American hotels. The "Heaven on earth" has proved "Four A's," as the atheist organi- "ea:rthly, sensual, devilish." The zation is called, is endeavoring to leaders have been forced to restore destroy alI religious belief and all some private rights and have aban- Christian and Jewish institutions.

doned the application of many They recommend books-some by theories of industrial management professedly Christian writers- and of education that have proved that they think will destroy faith disastrous to business and morals. in God, Christ, the Church and the The country and people have Bible. As a result they hope to been brought to the verge of ruin undermine Sunday observance, the by a disregard of the fundamental sanctity of marriage and similar laws of God and of humanity, but institutions. The aim of atheistic still the leaders seek to spread communism is to overrun the these theories and methods into world, to establish the rule of the other lands on the plea that the "proletariat," and to destroy the dissemination of atheistic commu- rights of private property and re- nism over the whole world will ligious liberty.

change a local curse into a univer- How can we stem the tide of sal blessing! "Today," says Mr. atheism and infidelity in America A. F. Kerensky, the one-time leader and other lands? It is the testi~ of the Russian revolution, "after mony of experience and of thou- ten years of Bolshevist domination sands of educationalists, jurists Russia stands at the starting point and judges that the chief bulwark of the circle of Leninism-terror- of society and of morality is the ism and severe economic crisis. Christian religion as presented in The results are acute, unnatural, the Bible and the life of Jesus artificial economic and political Christ. The most effective way to evils, collectively expressed in dic- overcome atheistic and Bolshevist tatorship which stifles independ- propaganda therefore is to build ence." up a vital and intelligent faith in The propagandists are endeavor- Jesus Christ as the Son of God and ing to reproduce in America the Saviour of Man.

evils that mark atheistic commu- Every agency that works effec- nism in Russia. Two of the chief tively toward this end should be agencies at work are "The Anti- supported. A Christlike life, tes- Bible Society" and "The American timony, the distribution of the Association for the Advancement Bible and other Christian liter- of Atheism." These organizations ature, the adequate support of the are evidently working in close har- Church and of alI Christian agen- mony with Bolshevik agents. They cies and an insistence on Christian publish papers, tracts and other rather than agnostic or atheistic literat:ure and claim to be making instructors in our institutions of many converts among college and learning, will greatly strengthen high-school students and among the forces of righteousness and, discontented classes of society. The with the help of God, will put to Anti-Bible Society is waging war rout the enemies of truth and of against the Church and against the Godliness.

TOPIC,S OF THE TIMES

What Is Happening in China? vigorous action. The Northern troops have retreated and the "GOD moves in a mysterious fall of Peking is expected. Ef- way His wonders to per- forts to unite the two great form"-but still He moves factions of China, in face of for- eign intervention, have failed. and He manifestly performs won- Communism and anti – foreign, ders. China, with its great mass anti-Christian feeling seem to be of humanity, nearly one-fourth of on the wane, but evidences of the earth's population, is also mov- sanity and unselfish patriotism are ing in mysterious ways, but when still rare. China comes into step with God's plans then peace and righteous- Another peril faces China from ness will reign. within. Famine again menaces Shantung, and other sections, due Today China is in turmoil. The largely to the destruction of crops forces striving for self-determination, the forces working for out- by soldiers and raiding bands. side domination and the forces Christians are giving relief and moving for the recognition of thousands of starving Chinese are God's authority are clashing. The looking to foreigners for food, Southern troops, under General while others are seeking to drive Chiang Kai-Shek and General Feng these same foreigners from the Yu-Hsiang, have been driving land. Suffering may bring some back toward Peking the Northern measure of sanity into the situatroops under General Chang Tso- tion. Temporarily, most of the ling, the Manchurian ~arlord. missionaries have been withdrawn The province of Shantung IS over- from the areas where fighting i run by Cantonese troops, so .that most severe, but many remain at murder, pillage and other dlsor- their posts and over seventy p~r ders accompanying war are the cent of the missionary force IS order of the day. still on the field. The Chinese Christians are standing true and Without reason and against are carrying forward the work of reason, another American Presby- churches and schools and general terian missionary, Dr. Walter F. evangelism to the best of their Seymour of Tsining fu, Shantung ability. Province, has been murdered by a Cantonese soldier, as Dr. John Wil- The Chinese Christian Student, liams was murdered in Nanking a a magazine published in Boston by year ago. Japanese residents of Chinese in America, has this to Shantung have also been killed and say in a recent issue: Japanese troops have been dispatched to the scene to protect life One year ago the northward drive of and property. This means interna- the Nationalist armies from Canton up tional complications. Reason does to Hankow and down the YaI!gtze V!llnot rule in China, and the bandit ley to Shanghai and Nankmg, WIth soldiers are not under control. The sweeping influence .and new. deve!opresult of the killing of Japanese ments, seemed to indIcate the ImmedIate has been a despatch of troops. unification of the country under the Na- Strong foreign governments will tionalist rule……. Last December, the not stand idly by and see their na- uprising of Communists in Cant?n was tionals murdered without taking subdued. The downfall of Borodm, ,!-nd the violent denunciation of CommuDl~m by the Nanking Governmen~ clearly m- dicate a sign that CommuDlsm had not gained a hold on China. But this pass-

ing of the Russian influence doesn't Christ–the interior of Africa, the mean the end of its evil effect. inland highlands of Asia, and the hitherto unexplored portions of China is in acute difficulties. She has South America. But with a Protnot had a chance for self-determination estant Church membership of 190,- yet. The grip foreign nations have on 000,000, and an annual income of, China makes the situation harder. In at the least estimate, $200,000, relation to this the Nationalists at Nan- 000,000, the whole Protestant king issued a declaration: 'To abrogate Church sends to the whole foreign completely all unequal treatie3, restoring field less than 25,000 missionary to us thereby our national sovereignty workers, or one in 8,000 members! and our rightful position in the family The gifts for world evangelizations of nations…… The terror of militarism, average less than twenty-five cents the corruption of the mandarinate, the a year per member. bankruptcy of our national finance, the resulting poverty of our people, the loss Rationalism and agnosticism, of our sovereignty and the injustice suf- criticism and their natural results, fered by our nationals abroad may all be lax notions of the authority of traced to the unequal treaties.' God's Word and of Christ's Gos- pel, cut the nerve of missionary But the misfortunes of China are consecration. Even where there is due to internal causes and the Russian some enthusiasm about missions influence in China. Unless there is a as a "humanitarian enterprise," genuine Nationalist movement which is there is lacking a true devotion to to be a popular movement coming from the work as the great campaign of all parts of China identified with no one the Lord for the salvation of men party, and with a real spirit of not only and the establishment of His Kingtoleration but·of cooperation in eliminat- dom on Earth. ing the internal causes and the outside pressure, the hope of an ordered gov- World-wide Christian missions ernment is slight.

There is needed an all-China conference of all prominent Chinese factions- North, South, East and West, with adequate representation of the people, at a round table as a means of forming a constitution for all China. In the meantime the foreign nations should re-define their relations to China. Will China fight herself to a state of sheer exhaustion or take a better road toward the goal of unification?

must be saved from decline and The Missionary Situation defeat by an apostolic revival of W HILE the world is open to what may be called the seven prin- the Gospel as never before, ciples of missions: the Church is becoming 1. Absolute obedience to our Lord's more critical of missionary meth- great Commission. ods and is withholding adequate support. The missionary income 2. Honest acceptance of stewardship does not keep pace with either the in money and other talents.

3. Consecration of children to God from birth.

increased opportunity nor with the 4. Impression of missionary obligaenlarging membership and ability tion on the individual consciences. of church members. A responsive Christian life shows itself by a 5. Widespread information about the world field and its spiritual needs and the work of God in all lands.

quickened spiritual pulse. Nearly 6. Separation from unwholesome and weakening worldly contaminations. every part of the world has been thrown open to messengers of 7. Praying in the Holy Spirit for the whole field, the work and the workers. KEEPING IN TOUCH WITH THE whole number through if he begins. If he has had any doubts and difficul- ACTS OF MODERN APOSTLES ties he will have forgotten them when he finishes and will be praising God By REV. WILLIAM S. MARQUIS, D.D., for the victories of his Lord. Through Montclair, N. J. all my fifty years of ministry, when I have needed fresh enthusiasm and Emeritus Director of the Department of zeal, the reading of the REVIEW has Mobilization, General Council of the helped to kindle them. Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. An Aid in Preaching- Having been a subscriber to the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD At the right hand end of my desk from its first issue in 1878, with the hung two alphabetically indexed, files exception of a very short time, other filled with sermon paper. On the pastors may be interested to know lower right hand corner of each sheet why I have b'een such a continuous was boldly printed a key-word, such reader of its pages and how it has as "Faith," "Consecration," "Witnessproved of value in my Christian life ing." Whatever I read or heard, that and work. aptly illustrated any of these topics, was indexed on these sheets. Clip- A Help to Faith- pings were pasted on the sheets and The REVIEW has fed my own faith references to books, magazines and reviews were indicated by a brief senand quickened my spiritual life. I tence, with volume and page. Thus was a Junior in Princeton Theological when I came to prepare a sermon or Seminary in 1878. We were wrestling a missionary address, these sheets with hoary "isms" of the past and furnished me with the finest kind of the new theories of Higher Criticism. facts, statistics, illustrations and quo- They often left me weary and con- tations. They were fresh from the fused. I found that the REVIEW was current of the world's life and so had a veritable modern Acts of the Apos- exceptional force. ties. Every number was filled with facts revealing the power of the Bible and its gospel message to save all kinds of sinners in all lands. Like the shining of the sun it lifted the fogs Often these facts and illustrations and sent me on my way rejoicing. were printed in our little church paper There is no better apologetic for and were circulated free through the Christianity than the simple facts of whole congregation. When any memmissionary work at home and abroad. ber of one of the missionary societies Let any pastor take up the January, needed material on any field, the pas- 1928, number of the REVIEW and read tor could furnish it from the REVIEW. some of its Jubilee articles: "Com- The Monthly Concert of Prayer for parisons of Then and Now," by Rob- Missions was not held with deadly ert E. Speer; "Turkey Fifty Years regularity on the first Wednesday eve- Ago and Now," by Charles T. Riggs; ning of each month. Sometimes it "Japan, Then and Now," by William was held on a Sunday evening or even Elliott Griffis; "The Growth of Mis- on a Sunday morning. The women, sionary Cooperation," by James L. the men, the Sunday-school, the Barton. He will want to read the Young People's Society might have 479 charge of it. While it covered all read or an interesting bit of news fields in the course of a year or two, about him was related. The object it also put on its programs the up-to- was to plant the spirit and facts of date missionary events and problems. missions in the life and program of Thus it was always a live meeting and the church. Without continually was well attended; it reached every preaching upon the subject, without class in the church. If any wished to frequent appeals for money, it was dodge these meetings they found it possible to remind the members of the difficult. The REVIEW was essential congregation that to publish the Gosto the building of these programs. It pel at home and abroad was the sufurnished a world-vision wider than preme business of the Church. any denominational publication. The young people of my church do- Spreading Enthnaiasm- nated the REVIEW and a list of new missionary books to our city library The pastor's copy of the REVIEW every year. We induced other young was often placed in the hands of some people's societies to do the same. They one who was lukewarm on the subject were welcomed cordially. Thus we of missions. Care was taken to mark built up a fine missionary alcove in our articles that were especially interest- public library. ing, informing and inspiring rather __ ~This interest in missions also kept than argumentative. What people need -alive the evangelistic spirit in the on the subject of missions is light £huTch; it united the membership in rather than l{)gic. the program, not only of our particu- hlr: church but of the whole Christian Interesting missionary news-items world and fostered a catholic spirit. were often put into the hands of young It called forth the resources of the people to copy and post on the bulletin congregation for both local support board in the vestibule of the church and for building enterprises; it where they silently did their work. nourished the spirit of cheerful giv- Turn to the' "World-Wide Outlook" ing to the benevolence boards and to department in the March REVIEW and all· Christian causes that have sprung note such items as the following: 00t of the heart of Christ in the "Methodism in Mexico," "Evangelicals Church. in Spain," "German Bibles Forbidden in the Tyrol by the Italian Govern- Helping' Othersment," "Japan's New World Outlook," "Bibles in Korean Hotels," "Russia to The REVIEW has also proved indis- Try Buddhism." Is it not certain that pensable to my work as a chairman of such items would attract many read- the denominational committees on ers? mISSIons. For more than a quarter of a century I served in these posi- Sometimes the pastor would take tions. To do this work intelligently two of the young people into the pul- and effectively required wide acquaintpit with him and ask them to relate ance with the progress and the leaders these interesting news-items; then an of the mission enterprise. This the elder or one of the missionary women REVIEW gave me. When it came to the would be called on to lead in prayer. wider work of a promotional secre- After this the service went forward tary and organizer, the REVIEW bewithout reference to missions. came my travelling campanion. One always has an abundance of facts, sta- Sometimes a large photograph of a tistics, illustrations, practical methprominent home or foreign mission- ods of work at hand if he has one or ary was put in a frame, kept for the two copies of the REVIEW beside him. purpose, and was set on an easel on Three suggestive departments, "Meththe platform beside the pulpit or near ods for Workers," The Women's the superintendent's desk in the Sun- Home and Foreign Bulletins, and day-school. This missionary was introduced and a letter from him was

METHODS FOR WORKERS

"Books Worth Reading," furnish a A UNIQUE PROGRAM pastor monthly with the newest and best working material from all denom· By MRS. EDWARD JORDAN, inations and many lands. Lancaster, Pa. If a pastor will keep mission literature circulating in his congregation The federated churches of Lanand community, he can develop many caster, Pennsylvania, on February missionary leaders both clerical an 24th, observed the annual "World Day lay. Especially should older pastors of Prayer." Women from various help young pastors in this way. It is churches had charge of the morning not good Christian stewardship to let sessions, and in the afternoon a unique inspiring books lie imprisoned on the sketch was presented by a group of shelf, when, if sent forth with a good five women. Each character imperword and a prayer, they have the sonated a different country. The power to enlist others in the Master's whole program was based on the conwork. tents of the Jubilee numbers of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, a The Presbytery of Rock River, m., conception originated by the president of the Federation, Mrs. P. Geo. Sieger. was once persuaded to put all the churches in two divisions, A and B, A LIVING REVIEW OF THE REVIEW and a minister and layman in division A was a,ssigned to give mission- A huge facsimile cover of the Janary addresses in a designated church uary number was made of board on in division B on a certain date. The which was painted the Table of Connext week the ministers and laymen tents. The president gave a brief from division B visited division A. synopsis and then China, attired in Thus within about two weeks every native costume stepped forth from the church in the presbytery had a spe- pages of the REVIEW. She presented cial address on foreign missions, and impressively the problems, the early every minister and one of his laymen religious activities, customs and methmade an address. One pastor, who ods of industry in past years as comhad been in the ministry many years, pared with the present day. She reconfessed to me that he had never tired and forth came India clad in preached a missionary sermon, and native dress. She told of the ancient had no missionary books or literature. religions and compared the past with He came and asked me to help him the present day. She was followed by out. As a result he prepared a good Turkey, impersonating a Moslem wommissionary sermon and became so en- an, who described the situation, then thusiastic over this fresh field that he and now, in public instruction, health kept up speaking on missions until and in religious ideas. Africa in very his people wondered what had awak- simple dress and cap, next presented ened him. Other pastors who have her problems, past and present. She never given mIssIonary messages told of Livingstone and Stanley, of would have a similar experience if early methods of transportation, labor they would enter this field where God and government; she stressed the is revealing the miracles of His grace. Missionary work is a Jiving issue.

It would be a great blessing if some benevolent friend of missions would donate the REVIEW to every senior in our theological seminaries as they are about to be graduated. It would help to make many missionary-minded pastors and so would help to extend the Kingdom of God.

S

need for prayer for our sisters in feet was inspirational, educational and Africa and ended by reciting the in- enjoyable. The time spent' in prayer spiring poem, "Out of the Night," by and preparation of the entire program Ella Wheeler Wilcox. was worth while. All the material used by the impersonators was taken Once more the pages of the huge from the Jubilee Numbers of the REbook opened and "America," dressed VIEW. in the fashion of half a centry ago, hooped skirts, tiny bonnet and lace OLD TESTAMENT MISSIONARY shawl, came forth as the last and youngest country of the group. She TEXTS told her story of hardships in the sixties and seventies, due to dimin- "All nations whom Thou hast made ished salaries and the religious con- shall come and worship before Thee, 0 Lord; and they shall glorify Thy name." .

MISSIONAR.Y "Look unto me and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth; .for I am God, lEW lfeWORLD and there is none else. By myself have J sworn, the word is gone forth from my mouth in righteousness, and shall not return, that unto me every knee shall bow, every tongue shall swear."

"Behold darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the peoples; but the Lord shall arise upon thee, and His glory shall be seen upon thee. And nations shall come to Thy light, and kings to .the brightness of Thy rising."

M~S tAIIPA WILSON "From the rising of the sun to the going down of the same my name shall FIFTY YEARStiCHU~H fiiMTH be great among the Gentiles; and in every place incense shall be offered "'''' EDWAPD JORDAN unto my name and a pure offering; for my name shall be great .among ·the Gentiles."

"For the earth shall be ·filled with the knowledge of the glory of the Lord, as the waters 'cover the sea:"

THE FACSIMILE COVER troversies following the Civil War. AFRICAN PROVERBS . She recalled some of the leaders of that day and then described the ad- "He weeps with one eye," meaning: vent of a new interdenominational He is insincere. periodical, THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, meeting a real need "You kindle a fire and leave it," that and standing for high ideals, hoping is to say: You are a talebearer. to double the Christian giving, praying, going and working in the name "Water never tires of running." Said of folk who talk too much. of Christ. A quartette sang "The Peace Hymn *** of the World," the audience joining For those who stay, dear Lord, we ask in the chorus. During the presenta- The vision that exalts the task. ' tion, native music of various lands May toiling Marthas find it sweet was played softly on a harp. The ef- To sit with Mary at Thy feet. ., Thy will be done on earth we pray By those who go, and those who stay.

~Selected .

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 419 FOlTRTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CENTRAL COMMITTEE ON THE ing year on Africa. Miss Mackenzie's UNITED STUDY OF FOREIGN chapter outlines are as follows: MISSIONS Chapter I. The New Fact of Africa. Chapter II. A Human Problem. FRIENDS OF AFRICA Chapter III. The Friend as Doctor. Chapter IV. The Friend as Teacher. By MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, Chairman Chapter V. The Friend in Exile. Chapter VI. Henceforth Friends. Orders are coming rapidly for our new study books on Africa. The outlines of the book are very clear and usable, but in addition we We do not need to advertise Jean shall issue "How to Use" by Miss Ger- Kenyon Mackenzie. She has a na- trude Schultz, which will give very tional and international reputation as practical suggestions and programs authority on Africa, while her literary for those who plan to adapt the book charm has given her access to the to the regular missionary meeting. great magazines of our country. We are especially fortunate in having our Miss Mackenzie's book should be in textbook for women and girls this every public library and be reviewed year by Miss Mackenzie. She has in as many of the newspapers as posbroadened her field. Her former sible. You can render great assistance book, "An African Trail," carried us to Africa through the sale of this to her own mission field under the book if you will send your review to Presbyterian Church in the Cameroon. your local paper. Today we are facing a new Africa and Miss Mackenzie has not only given her FRIENDS OF AFRICA own careful study and experience with By JEAN KENYON MACKENZIE her magic touch, but has secured material from outstanding leaders both Published by the Central Committee on in England and America. Among the United Study of Foreign Missions these are J. H. Oldham, author of Box 4, North Cambridge, Mass. many textbooks in Great Britain, who 260 pages; 24 fuIl-page illustrations has written a brief Introduction for Price, paper covers, 50 cents; each chapter, touching on the main cloth covers, 75 cents. points of Miss Mackenzie's outline. A most valuable and exciting chapter is HOW TO USE written by Mrs. Donald Fraser. Dr. By GERTRUDE SCHULTZ and Mrs. Fraser, who have given their lives to medical missionary work in Price, 15 cents. Africa, are the outstanding leaders today. We are to welcome them this The Junior Book CAMP FIRES IN THE CONGO By MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER summer at Northfield and Chautauqua Chapter I. Old Camp Fires and New. and shall hear from both of them on the material in Miss Mackenzie's book. Chapter II. Fresh Camp Fires Every Dr. Frazer's own book is an extremely valuable reference book for "Friends Night. Chapter III. Steamers and Crocoof Africa," the title of Miss Mackenzie's book. dLieleasr;ninRga. ilways and Zebras; Lions and Chapter IV. Thrilling Experiences Throughout the country our wom- and Wonderful Sights. en's missionary societies and mission study groups will specialize this com- Chapter V. Romantic Rhodesia, the Land of King Solomon's Mines.

Chapter VI. Around the Congo Camp Fires Again.

483

The chapter headings indicate doctor, no help until kind David Livsomething of the vivid and picturesque ingstone came as a missionary. There nature of this book. It should be are eight chapters simple enough for studied not only by the boys and girls any child to read. The chapter titles in our Junior Societies but might well be taken by Sunday-school classes. A are: Saturday afternoon around a camp fire would repay any leader or teacher Chapter I. David on the Hills. in the increased knowledge and inter- Chapter II. Susi in the Forest. est on the part of boys and girls who Chapter III. David at School. must meet the whole African problem Chapter IV. Susi Hunts Elephants. later. The long experience of Dr. and Chapter V. David Becomes a Doctor. Mrs. Springer in many varieties of Chapter VI. Susi Asks Questions. work in Africa gives a remarkable Chapter VII. Gold and Diamonds. background. We can see the camp Chapter VIII. The Rest of the Story. fires and the boys and girls around Chapter IX. The Christmas Tree. them, eager boys and girls seeking education, longing for knowledge and The last chapter is a little play for so easily reached with the message of four children which five-year-old Jesus through such missionaries as youngsters could put on with great Dr. and Mrs. Springer. Suggestions dramatic effect. It is entitled, "So for Junior leaders will be provided. This Is Africa," and depicts David and Susi, the African nurse, Anna, CAMP FIRES IN THE CONGO and the teacher. It i~ surprising to By MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER see the quickness with which children catch the dramatic idea and carry out 144 pages; 24 full-page illustrations the plan. It is really a good game and Capital Outlines impresses the points on their minds.

Price, paper covers, 50 cents; Price, heavy leatherette paper covers cloth covers, 75 cents. printed in color, 25 cents.

SUGGESTIONS FOR JUNIOR LEADERS It makes a gift for little children, serves as a good birthday or Christ- Price, 15 cents. mas present in Primary classes or a Christmas card for some child in a E17eryland Children Series home where perhaps such literature is not often found. The deep-lying DAVID AND SUSI-BLACK motive of the book is against race AND WHITE prejudice and for international friend- ship. This, however, is put in the By Lucy W. PEABODY form which the youngest child ean unconsciously take in and enjoy. Race This is the third little book in the prejudice is an acquired prejudice, it Everyland Series for Very Little Chil- does not exist among little children. dren, ages 4-7, which provides material for the Primary Class, the In addition to these study books younger ones in the Junior group, and which are ready and will be taught in for home reading. Sixty pages, with our Summer Schools and used in our pictures on every page, and delightful Women's Societies this coming year, colored decorations by Marjorie Wood- we hope later to present a series of bury Smith. studies on International Peace which is in preparation by Mrs. Carrie Chap- This little book is a story told most man Catt. We shall hope to give an simply of David Livingstone and his announcement of this book which will black friend, Susi, out in the African be featured at some of the Summer forest. It begins with little David in School forums. his Scottish home in the hills. It carries him along through his education, Those who are interested in the out on a great ship to Africa, where translations of our study book of last he meets Susi. This little black boy year, A Straight Way Toward Toborn in the forest had no school, no morrow, may secure a copy of the Chinese or Japanese version by send-

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

ing to our headquarters, Box 4, North missionary societies. United study of Cambridge, Mass., with a check for foreign missions, which began in 1900, fifty cents each. It is a continued joy led, naturally, to the organization of to realize that at last Christian wom- schools for training leaders who en around the world have united study should be fitted to teach the textbooks.

and are sharing this most profitable We began at Northfield in 1903, and book by Mrs. Frederick G. Platt. that first Summer School will celebrate Those who have not taken the book its 25th anniversary at Northfield. All for study this year have lost a great the early members are urged to come opportunity and should immediately back on this occasion. There will be add to their libraries a copy of the an appropriate anniversary program.

book which presents much material Great attractions are offered. We not found elsewhere, and in the or- shall have as leaders of our classes in derly, finely arranged way for which the study of Africa, not only our Mrs. Platt is famous. Price, 50 cents Helen Barrett Montgomery, Gertrude paper covers, 75 cents cloth covers. Schultz and others, but we shall wel- come Dr. and Mrs. Donald Fraser of Important Announcements Africa. Dr. Fraser will teach the Already questions are coming re- Bible Class in the auditorium, and will garding the study books which will comment on the book during the week.

follow this year. His own book will be taught in one of Mrs. Helen Barrett Montgomery is the study classes. Mrs. Fraser will writing our book, "From Jerusalem to also be the guest at Northfield, arid Jerusalem," which will go to press in will be especially interesting as she the early fall. It will be a unique com- has written the second chapter of our bination of early history beginning book-"Friends of Africa." There will with the apostolic period coming down be all the usual attractions, camps to the present conference held in Jeru- for girls under the denominational salem. No one could be better quali- leaders; the Round Top services, with fied to write this book than Mrs. Mont- their deep spiritual messages; a class gomery. by Miss Conde, so helpful to young The Junior book, which will tell our women; a forum under the general children how the Gospel came to us, direction of Mrs. Katharine Willard is being prepared by Margaret Apple- Eddy, Miss Schultz and Mrs. Peabody.

garth. In these days of emphasis on The little children will have an out- the opinions of youth it might be well of-door study class which will be a for all of us to recapitulate and inform normal method for showing Primary ourselves anew of the great triumphs teachers and Junior leaders how to of missions which began in the Acts help children to love missions. Mar- of the Apostles and have continued garet Applegarth will be present with through all the centuries to the pres- her genius for interesting girls.

ent day. Our young people can hardly There are many other attractions, and plan for the future unless they have everybody is cordially invited to come some clear knowledge and study of the to the birthday party. Some will bring past, and perhaps some of our older their old-fashioned costumes showing leaders need also to refresh their just how we looked twenty-five years memories on methods and victories at- ago.

tained through those methods. *** *** Courage, as well as conscience, is The Northfield Summer School of needed for the making of an idealist.

Foreign Missions will be held at East No other test of character-not even Northfield, July 13-22. It is a great the sudden rush of a mighty and un- occasion, being the 25th anniversary €xpected temptation-is so great as of the organization of the first Sum- the subtle and insidious inducements mer School of Missions for women's to lower one's standards.-W. T. Ellis. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND STREET, NEW YORK Last month u sli ort account of the Mission- November. At a called meeting of ary Union in Carthage, Ill., that was formed the Union, during the same spring, forty-eight yeaTs ago, appeared in the Bulletin. the first constitution was adopted.

T his mon th a thirty-year-old is 011 the air. The Union has continued active ever since, with growing interest and Vho will hroo.dCLl st her age n ex t'? The ed itor influence. An annual meeting has been would welcome a short account of formation, held every year for the past thirty ('arly work 811(1 present SCOP(~ of nc tivities of ally women's iutHdenominationa l group–local, county or state- twenty years of uge 0[" uhlcr- t he oItler, tlH~ ucttcr.

THE WOMAN'S MISSIONARY FED- years, well attended, full of interest ERATION IN ST. LOUIS and instruction with one exception. In 1918 all public gatherings were pro- Over thirty years ago, in October, hibited on account of the influenza epidemic. The objects are: 1897, several . St. Louis women at- sio(n1a)ryTowoenrklarcgaerroieudr konnowbyledaglle tohfemdies– tended a general missionary conven- nominations in the Federation. t I·on at Sprm. gfield, Ill" and th ere mOlS, heard an address on the Missionary Social Union idea. This so deeply im- (2) To enkindle greater interest and pressed them that they had a talk enthusiasm by mutual conference of ofwith Mrs. Catherine Lindsay, who is ficers and representatives regarding suc- cessful plans and methods for the conreally the mother of the organized ef- duct and improvement of our separate fort. A goodly number of women, societies.

representing ten of the evangelical (3) To secure concerted action in matchurches, met on February 24, 1898, ters of Common interest, and cooperation and the union was effected. Officers in movements for the moral and social for the ensuing year were elected and betterment of the people. (4) To stimulate a spiri t of systemat- the time of the annual meeting was ic and liberal giving for the support of set for Thursday, the second week of missions.

486 (5) To promote mutual sympathy, and beautifully furnished parlor for united prayer and effort for the exten- our monthly board meetings, other sion of the one Kingdom of our Lord, rooms for committee meetings and Jesus Christ. help and inspiration from the officers and co-workers of the Church Federa- In January, 1898, the Day of Prayer tion. was held in the chapel of the Cumberland Presbyterian church and time on Some years ago the women of Amerthe program was graciously granted ica united in one big effort to raise for a brief explanation of Social Union enough money to establish colleges in principles and for a plea for this union the Orient-to train native folk as among the St. Louis societies. The leaders. Fifty thousand dollars was Christian women of the city had for Missouri's quota; divided between a number Qf years held a union Day Kansas City and St. Louis and their of Prayer on the Thursday of the annual week of prayer; but there had been no permanent organization.

January, 1903 the annual Day of Prayer lapsed, and the Missionary Union then adopted it as their special charge, thus making two public meet- ings each year. On January 2, 1919, a combined annual meeting, Day of Prayer and Thanksgiving service was held. The Federation has continued to observe an annual Day of Prayer.

It has been our custom heretofore to send our Day of Prayer contributiGlls to the Daily Vacation Bible Schools.

This year one half went to the Bible schools, one fourth to the Council of Women for Home Missions and one fourth to the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions.

In November, 1915, the name was changed from "Woman's Missionary Social Union" to "Woman's Mission- MRS. JOHN MATTHEWS, FIRST ary Federation." The home of the PRESIDENT president in office was the address to which all mail for the Federation was adjoining districts. St. Louis raised forwarded. Any church or assembly about $12,000.

hall that would open its doors and give The most important feature of our us a corner wherein to hold the regu- program at the present time, and one lar monthly meeting of the Executive in which we have participated for the Board and Board of Directors, was past eight years, in cooperation with accepted with gratitude. Later the the Chicago Tract Society, is the sup- monthly meetings were held in the port of the missionary in charge of Mission Study Room of the Y. W. C. A. the Near East Mission of St. Louis, At the annual meeting, November, which carries on among the Slavic 1919, it was voted to affiliate with the groups, Armenians, Greeks and Al- Church Federation. This affiliation banians. The Federation pays one has proved a blessing to the Woman's hundred dollars toward his salary Missionary Federation in many ways. every month. The purpose of this Today-1928-headquarters are Met- mission is to help these foreign-speak- ropolitan Church Federation rooms, ing peoples to adjust themselves to Y. M. C. A. Building. We have a large the new environments, to aid in solv-

ing their economic problems, to elevate the yearly every-member canvass by them socially, intellectually and mor- the members of the Larger Parish aL ally-in other words, to help them be- each prefers and indicates. come good American citizens. The work of the Oxford County By participating in the Woman's Larger Parish (of Maine), with which National Exposition held in St. Louis, I am associated, is unified in the fol- 1926 and 1927 we received scholar- lowing fundamentals in which all ships which enabled us to assist a Christians agree. The sick are visitstudent in entering and carrying on ed in the name of Christ. They are his course of education in the Inter- healed by medical, clinical and hospital denominational School of the Ozarks, care, and by the healing power of t at Hollister, Missouri. greatest of all physicians, Jesus Christ. The lonely on isolated farms, In November, 1927, the Dayton miles from nowhere, are visited in the Westminster Choir gave a concert name of Christ, and God and Jesus under the auspices of the Woman's Christ are left as their constant com Missionary Federation. Our part of panions, whose strength can relieve the proceeds furnished funds for one loneliness, and whose love never failyear's salary of a missionary worker eth. The sinful are confronted with in the City Hospital. Jesus Christ and His power to cleanse, relieve, and fortify. Lives are reborn This Union is affiliated with the and remade, because Jesus is seen and Council and Federation giving us a chosen as their Redeemer and their Guide. The sorrowing are comforted world-wide vision.* by the living Christ with His message of eternal life and of immortal love, On February 24, 1923, we celebrated 01J' these fundamentals the Oxford our Twenty-fifth Birthday at the County Larger Parish is founded, as Gatesworth Hotel with a capacity a work of the living Christ. crowd. An Historical Sketch was written by one of the charter members The ministers of this Larger Parand the characters were, as far as pos- ish see sacred and holy meaning in all sible, taken by charter members. On baptisms. Recognizing various depths February 24, 1928, we observed the of water in baptismal services, they Day of Prayer and commemoration of demand together this one thing-that our Thirtieth Birthday at an Anniver- the life of every church member be sary Luncheon at the Coronado Hotel opened through the cleansing symbol attended by 500 women. ism of water, to the living spirit of Almighty God; and that Heaven, not WHAT IS THE LARGER PARISH? the water which God made, opens for him as he hears God's voice saying, By MRS. HILDA L. IVES "This is my Beloved Son in whom I am well pleased." This Larger Parish The Larger Parish is a combination sees holy meaning in every detail of of several small rural churches of vari- Christ's birth, but agrees to accentuous denominations into a unified ate the fact that Jesus' birth means Church of the Living Christ. In it, rebirth for every human life. The theological differences and varying in- Larger Parish is teaching through its terpretations of the gospels are clear- Sunday-schools and Church Vacation ly recognized as existing in the minds Schools that Jesus, :first of all, is Life, of the members, though not enshrined and Life abundantly; Jesus is the in their hearts. Such differences are Righteousness of Life, the Kindness recognized, not ignored. So denom- of Life, the Tenderness and Forgiveinational conferences are regularly ness of Life, the Enduring Strength attended by proper delegates from the of Life, the Love and Power of all Larger Parish; denominational mis- boys and girls. It is proven, that when sion fields are chosen at the time of • Abridged and adopted from "The Church at Work" and a press article.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

first things are put first, theological with the Larger Parish Council, givdiscussions diminish, so challenging ing invaluable advice, guidance and are the works of Christ and the life inspiration. of prayer. Sincere prayer and adoration of God and Christ, and not the- The Church Federation of Portland, ological creeds, are recognized as the the largest and most influential in the transmission wires of God's power. state, has a rural department, which Love, not ritual, is recognized as the has interdenominational committees to solvent of difficulties, and tolerance of cooperate with this rural parish. A spirit is recognized as the road to fur- hospital committee stands ready, at all ther wisdom, and to further revelation times, to send automobiles to farms to from God as to just what the unified bring the sick to the Portland hos- Church of Christ must be. All minds pitals; to provide free beds when it do not accept the same guideposts on is necessary; to visit the patients; the road to Christ. If each disciple and to send word to the Larger Parish comes into the presence of Christ and when the time comes for their return finds Him, then the road on which that home. A Young People's Committee disciple travelled is sacred ground. So provides for an interchange of young the sacramental communion service is people's plays, pageants and services the strength and power of a united between the Larger Parish and Portchurch where all meet, pray, are land churches. A committee on marcleansed of sin, and receive the life, keting of farm products is composed the love and the power of God through of Christian wholesale and retail deal- Jesus Christ our Lord. For it is a ers. They facilitate the rural minisservice in which personal interpreta- ters in assisting the poor farmers, who tion of Christ cannot be offered. In have a small surplus of farm products, His real presence, assumption of to gain an idea of cooperative marketknowledge above other Christians is ing by sending together an occasional unthinkable; and persistent insistence on creeds and doctrine is impossible ir truck load of produce to the Portland the light of His matchless personality markets. This committee thus does a and glowing love. Christian, though really not a finan- cially profitable service. There is a The Larger Parish can succeed only committee for sending music or speakwhen its ministers are interdenominationally minded, and when the state ers to special services in the rural denominational secretaries represented communities, and for notifying the in the United Parish are cooperative in action and interdenominational in Parish of Training Schools of Relispirit. Only so, can a Larger Parise gious Education, interesting events prove its spiritual power. This is and conferences. proven in Maine in the Oxford County Larger Parish. Seven small tOWJ1~ Economic pressure is forcing a spirhave united into a Larger Parish. A itual unity in rural districts. Thus trained ministry, a staff of three men, spiritual unity springing from the serve all seven communities as one same setting as that in which the church area. They receive salaries of greatest spiritual unifier lived, will $2,500, $1,800 and $1,800 respectively. flow into the life of our city churches. Universalist, Congregational and It is happening now. How fast it will Methodist denominations are included come, no one can tell. I see the rural in this unified program. The Meth- Larger Parish as God's holiest laboraodist District, the Congregational tory, from which He will reveal to the State Conference, and the Universalist "VorId the spiritual power of Christ State Convention are all contributing not yet apprehended by our diversified, to the work, and denominational Con- denominational groups of Christians. ference Leaders are actively working The best name*by*wh"ich we can think of God is Father. It is a loving, deep, sweet, heart-touching name, for the name of father is in its nature full of inborn sweetness and comfort.

ORlD=WlDf

AFRICA equipped in faith. It was one of the Medical Cooperation in Africa unique enterprises in mission history.

TWO important proposals for carry- They rejoiced, when they heard that ing on medical work in Africa their ship had reached Madagascar, more effectively were adopted by the but how disappointed they were, when Conference on Medical Missions held word reached them that all doors into in April under the auspices of the For- Abyssinia were closed to the missioneign Missions Conference of North aries! God had other work in store America. One was that an interna- for them and the answer to the prayer tional advisory medical board be estab- of faith was that the Hermannsburg lished for the development of medical people were to turn to South Africa. missionary work in all of Africa, for It i.s now 63 years since Louis Harms the fostering of cooperation between was called to his heavenly reward and missions and governments in their at- in these years his followers have been tack upon Africa's great scourges such instrumental in gathering more than as the sleeping sickness, and for the 100,000 souls into the Kingdom. Now development of public health work. has come a new turn! The doors that The Foreign Missions Conference was were closed have been opened and toasked to take this matter up with mis- ward the close of the last year, the sion groups in other countries, with a Hermannsburg Mission was able to view to the development of this send out its first missionaries to Abys- African board at an early date. The sinia.

other proposal favored the establish- A Jungle School of the Prophet. ment of "at least one medical school even on a modest scale rather than UNDER this title Rev. Melvin waiting for a large commitment." It Fraser describes the theological and Bible training school at Lolodorf, was pointed out that there are no- West Africa, of which he is president. where in Africa adequate school facili- ties for the training of natives as phy- He says: "Our nine theological stu- sicians and only a few for the training dents in the 'school of the prophets,' if of native nurses, while there is an they turn out like most of their stu- appalling and pressing need for both dent predecessors, will fill large places doctors and nurses. with their crying in the African wil- Doors Opened in Abyssinia derness. Each one will prophesy ac- cording to the grace given unto him, I N 1853 that saint of God, Louis and by his good works and godly life Harms in Hermannsburg, sent out suggest that he has come to the Kingthe first missionaries whom he had dom for such a time as this. These filled with the missionary spirit. His nine young men, all of them married great hope was to preach the Gospel and having children, represent nine in the land of the Ethiopian Eunuch. different tribes. Less than thirty Students of missions know of the years ago when tribal feuds and fight- great enterprise of prayer that was ing were as familiar as meat and thus launched and how the hope and drfnk, and a lot more familiar than faith of those simple Christians of clothes, they could have met only with the Luneburg Heath followed the ship spears and guns; while today, in Candace which they had built and amused triumph over the idea that 490

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

their fathers and mothers could ever AlIlerican University at Cairo have hated each other, they sit to- T HE ancient land of Egypt and the gether in brotherly love, in the spirit new land of America joined on of the Man of Nazareth, perceptibly April 11th in celebrating the dedicagrowing day by day." tion of Ewart Memorial Hall, the first Confuting the Witeh Doctor new building to be added to the old buildings in which the American Uni- THE native trained in medical work versity at Cairo is being conducted. is becoming a main factor in bring- Speakers at the dedication ceremonies, ing about the new day in Africa, including Egyptian leaders of national states The Missionary Herald, an thought, characterized the American English Baptist monthly. It says institution as one of the great forces further: M. Louis Franck's humorous to shape the Egypt of the future. A description of the native medical as- brilliant assemblage, headed by the sistant confronting the witch doctor representative of King Fuad, and incould be echoed by every missionary. cluding members of the royal Cabinet, "Standing before the witch doctor he ministers and members of the says to that ancient charlatan-'You Egyptian Parliament, representatives are an ass; and then proceeds to prove of the British High Commissioner in it. 'Look,' says he, 'through the lens Egypt, and prominent Americans atof my microscope at the minute crea- tended the ceremonies, which were ture shown there. This is the cause held in the auditorium of the new of disease, not the entrance of an evil building. Nearly 350 Egyptian boys spirit. You know nothing at all about and young men are now enrolled in it. I am the one who knows.' Hence the American College of Arts and the end of the witch doctor's in- Sciences, and a majority come from fluence." the leading families of Egypt. The Bible Teaching in the Sudan University's courses leading to a bac- calaureate degree require eight years' MRS. D. S. OYLER, of the United work, and as it was opened in 1920 its Presbyterian Mission at Doleib first Bachelor of Arts and Sciences Hill in the Sudan, who is now on fur- degrees wiJI be awarded at the Comlough, writes of some aspects of the mencement in June. religious education which is being given by that mission: "The kindergarten in the girls' boarding school at Fa.ithful Congo Christians R Khartoum North is the only kinder- EV. L. A. McMURRAY, of the Southern Presbyterian Church, garten in a country as large as the United States east of the Mississippi. writes from Luebo in the Belgian It has been in operation for only four Congo of a recent trip through the years, but its influence is already be- forest: "One village had not been ing felt in the northern part of the visited by a missionary for eight land of the blacks. In all our mission years, yet the Christians had main- schools in the Sudan it is understood tained a church shed, an evangelist, that a child shall receive a Bible lesson their meetings, a school, and a spirit a day, in addition to secular instruc- that was remarkable. In one place we tion. Who can estimate the fruit baptized a man, his wife, and their which has been brought forth by this little child, all in the same service, and patient, daily teaching of the Word? the evangelist there testified as to Every Sabbath either before or after their perseverance in spite of opposi- the regular preaching services, men tion and ostracism. In another village and boys, women and girls, are taught a middle-aged man had walked for a Bible -lesson, and are encouraged to miles to meet us, and to renounce his go out and teach that lesson to some- medicine. In another a man was rais- one else." ing his two little daughters by him-

self, his wife having recently died, go- the latinized alphabet will be com- ing with them to school, learning with pulsory in Turkey.

them, both the things of the mind and The chief argument in favor of the the things of the heart. This is the change is the difficulty in learning and sort of experience that restores our writing the Arabic characters, a diffi- faith in our fellowmen and in God's culty in a large degree responsible for purpose for them." the illiteracy in Turkey. The Arabic alphabet has 32 characters but modi- The Mary Slessor Jlospital fications of these increase the actual T HE United Free Church of Scot- total to 96, whereas the Roman alpha- land Mission at Itu, Nigeria, has bet has only 26 characters, always recently dedicated a new building for written the same. The reform is the hospital begun in 1906 and named strongly . advocated in educational for Mary Slessor who opened 1tu as circles since children can learn the a mission station in 1903. During Roman alphabet from four to ten 1927, 30,000 new patients received times faster than the Turkish. Pub- lishers and businessmen also desire to treatment. These come from a wide change on account of the greater stretch of country, traveling anything facility in setting type and in the use from one to eight days' journey to of the typewriter. reach the hospital. About three years ago, the work of twin rescue and child The movement for the adoption of welfare was begun. During that time this Roman alphabet in Turkey began fifty twins and motherless babies have twenty years ago when the young been saved. About a year ago an Turks came into power. Opposition effort was begun to help a few lepers has been strong on the grounds of by treating them with the new ex- tradition and patriotism, and in the interests of art and religion. The tracts. More and more came each Arabic alphabet lends itself to very week, until now there are over eight beautiful calligraphy and has been hundred on the roll. A colony has used largely for decorative purposes been established in the vicinity of the in manuscripts, mosques, and other hospital where the majority of these designs. It has been against the law, have erected huts for themselves. The until recently, to translate the Koran results have been very encouraging. from Arabic, the "Language of The new hospital is built of cement Heaven," into any of the "infidel" blocks, and contains sixty beds. There tongues. Turkey is the first country is a large and splendidly I'lquipped to decree a substitution of the Roman operating theater. alphabet for national characters. Th-e TJIE NEAR EAST reform will involve a change in the habit of reading, the Arabic being A New Turkish Alphabet read from right to left and Romanized words from left to right. Arabic and THE Angora Government has again Turkish books also begin at the op- shown a desire to modernize Tur- posite end of the volume from that key by passing a law calling for the used in other European literature. substitution of the Roman alphabet to replace Arabic characters. A new dictionary is to be prepared and the One Physieian's Reputation A nation is to be instructed in the char-FELLOW missionary writes of Ellis H. Hudson, M.D., who is at acters now used throughout most of the Anglo-Saxon and Latin nations of work at Deir-ez-Zore, near Aleppo, the world. Newspapers will be printed Syria: "His reputation in and around partly in Arabic characters and partly Deir is that of telling the truth-if in Roman characters and the hitter the Doctor says so and so about a per- will be used in all official documents. son's recovery that is what invariably At the end of fifteen years the use of happens. This has so impressed the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

people that they are desirous to hear daily, five days a week, using the new what he has to say about his religion. school building. We limited the mem- They are not at all adverse to hearing bership to Moslem boys who had never about Christ, for is He not one of been in any school whatever, as we their prophets? The younger men, wished to benefit the entirely unespecially, who come to the Doctor's privileged class. Fifty boys were enhome, are keen to know about the rolled and most of them came for a West and what it has to offer. Their good proportion of the time. The own religion does not satisfy them. average attendance was twenty, but They know there are many good the absentees were never the same things in the West, and they want to from day to day." The program inknow more about the religion of cluded health talks, singing, gymnas- Christ that makes one tell the truth tics, games, and handwork, beside a and deal honestly with one's fellow- daily Bible story, two weeks from the man in his business as well as in his Old Testament and two weeks from the social life; that elevates the position life of Christ. This period often inof women; that makes for a more cluded dramatization, and the children abundant life." of Israel crossing the Red Sea, the Good Samaritan, the Lost Sheep, and A Remarkable Persian Woman David and Goliath, were acted out with great spirit and enthusiasm and vivid REV. WALT~R A. GROVES writes local color." from Teheran: "We know of one woman who manages the very large estate of her husband, a prince of the Christian Books in Iraq royal family that was. The common REV. PAUL ERDMAN writes from report is that if the wife did not take the Beirut Mission Press: "The care of the property it would not last opportunity comes from time to time to long in the hands of the husband. This get useful books into the hands of inwoman oversees workmen, attends to dividuals. One such opportunity was financial matters, has even been known during the visit of the private secreto go down a deep well by rope, hand tary of King Feisal of Iraq, who over hand, to see that the men at the brought his wife to the Hamlin bottom were not 'soldiering' on the job, Memorial Sanatorium for treatment. and all this still wearing the long black With him was a prominent sheikh of chuddar, which must never be removed Bagdad, whose son is now in the in the presence of men who are not of Beirut University. To each of these the immediate family. She has ideas men was given a copy of Dr. Ford's of her own, and one of them has been 'Light of the World,' reprinted in encarried out in the education of her six larged form this year, and one of sons. Each one of them has taken his 'Repentance,' which is a chapter from college education in a different a book by the famous Moslem mystic European country, an idea in 'inter- El Ghazali, with Bible verses on renationalism' to which some of us pentance as marginal notes. Mr. Wilmight aspire." loughby of Mosul wrote recently of 'Nur al A lam' (Dr. Ford's 'Light of First D. V. B. S. in Arabia the World'): A DAILY vacation Bible School held "'Tell the Director of Distribution in Basrah for a month reached a that "Nur al Alam"is selling well. I class of children hitherto unreached price it at one anna, which is a slight by any type of work, and is described loss, and it goes rapidly. Mo.st of the by Mrs. John Van Ess as "a joint people who get hold of it consider that educational and evangelistic enter- it is the work of the automobile manuprise." She writes further of it: "It facturer Ford, and that its cheapness was conducted for two and a half hours is a form of his philanthropy.' ..

INDIA AND BURMA There is growing up now a strong body How the Conscience Clause Works of intelligent and articulate public opin- ion among Indian women . . . It is a I N THE Presbyterian high school for happy circumstance that the address of boys at Dehra Dun in the Punjab, Lady Irwin with which the Conference "a dozen Indian Christian men and one opened was not a mere ceremonial speech American missionary," writes the mis- but a fine analysis of the problems consionary in question, Rev. M. R. Ahrens, nected with the education of women in "are striving daily to present Jesus India. Her statement that the further- Christ to 558 boys ranging in age from ance of education "means nothing less eight to twenty, in order that He may than an attempt to build the city of God become their personal Saviour. It is in the homes of this country" cannot be my privilege to have just seventy bettered. She sees the difficulties which young men in my Bible class, and it is are enormous, but she trusts, and quite noteworthy that they show a much rightly too, to the patience and courage, characteristic of womanhood to conquer them.

keener interest in their Bible study By-Products 01 Christianity B than in English or mathematics… For ISHOP FREDERICK B. FISHER of the Methodist Episcopal the fourth year we are working under the so-called Conscience Clause, Church, stated in a recent address which was expected to affect the volun- that it is often said that various In- tary attendance upon the Bible study dian Samajis are in many ways half- and prayers in the school; but we find way houses toward the ultimate goal.

that the pupils and their guardians He continued: "These societies, have absolutely no conscientious whether they are ends in themselves scruples against attendance upon our or merely half-way houses toward the religious exercises. The Bible is being greater ultimate end, are a proof that taught within the regular school hours, there has been through the years a and not a single boy nor his guardian series of definite turnings toward has ever so much as raised the ques- Christ. Meantime, Hindus and Mos- tion as to whether he might be ex- lems have gradually and partially cused from attendance." Christianized their religions. The Seva Movement of the Ramkrishna Indian Women in Conference Mission is certainly borrowed from STRIKING success is reported to Christianity. Certain of the mission- have marked the All-India Wom- ary methods and ideals of the Arya. en's Conference on Educational Re- Samaj have likewise been so obtained. form, held at Delhi in February, and Many of the ideals of the Brahmo attended by about two thousand wom- Samaj are Christian in their origin en. The wife of the Viceroy, Lady and application."

Irwin, who opened the Conference, the Outcaste Christia.n's Honesty Begum of Bhopal as its President and Mrs. Naidu made remarkable speeches I N SWEEPING out the courtyard of and the Conference passed a resolu- a Hindu farmer, for whom her fa- tion that the legal marriage age for ther worked, a young Christian girl, a Indian girls and boys should be made C.M.S. convert, discovered one day a sixteen and twenty-one, another reso- piece of jewelry embedded in the dust lution being that two seats be given heap. Immediately she covered it with to women in India's Central Legisla- her foot, and quickly transferred .it ture. This All-India Women's Con- to a fold of her chaddar where she ference is now an annual affair, and tied it up securely. Her sweeping twenty-two provincial conferences ended, she trudged off with her basket along similar lines have been held dur- and broom to the outcaste quarters, ing the past year. A South Indian dwelling with delight and excitement daily paper, The Hindu of Madras, upon the thought of her new possessaid of the Delhi Conference: sion. But as she took it out to gaze

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at it, standing on the threshold of her Indian life in every direction; second- own house, a voice in her heart seemed ly, it has been of value in giving to say: "Thou art a Christian, a prominence to the fact that the present Christian must not steal I" In vain arrangements in the excise administra- she tried to quiet that still, small voice. tion of both the imperial and provincial Almost in spite of herself she turned governments are unsatisfactory; and and slowly wended her way back to thirdly, the value of the League's work the farmer's compound. There, hand- during the past two years is evidenced ing back the ornament to a group of in the strong opposition it has Hindu women seated on the bedstead, aroused." she said: "You have often jeered at me for being a Christian, but will you Sir Purshotamdas Thakurdas said: scoff to-day when my Lord Christ makes me give back the jewel I might The first legitimate demand of the pro- have stolen from you 1" hibitionists throughout India, both to the imperial and the provincial governments, An Indian Colporteur at Work is that there should be no further ex- pansion of the excise revenue. Their T HE methods of a certain Indian second demand is that the central gov- colporteur are thus described in ernment must come to terms with the Dnyanodaya; "He has acquired con- provincial governments as regards a comsiderable skill cin selling Scripture por- mon goal of regulation and restriction tions and his persuasive words and with an ultimate view to total prohibipleasant manner help him greatly in tion. A sane, sound, well-thought-out finding an opening even in unpromis- policy is overdue, if the present grave ing quarters. He is often seen en- complaint against the Government is to gaged in carrying on an argument stop. The great illiterate masses must with persons who are inclined not to not have the temptation to drink thrust touch his books through a spirit of upon them as it seems to be today. bigotry. 'These books are dangerous,' says a person, 'and will pollute us if AnaDlese Boy Starts a Church we touch them.' 'Has anyone ever proved the truth of such an assertion l' MRS. s. A. D. BOGGS, an American retorts; 'now listen to these words,' Baptist missionary in Jorhat, Asand here he will read a few verses sam, writes: "Every year, before the from the Sermon on the Mount or boys of the Bible School leave Jorhat from one of the parables and ask, for their vacation, Mr. Boggs gives 'What is wrong with these words? them a glowing picture of the op- How true are they I Instead of pollut- portunities each one will have to show ing a person, will they not rather his love for Christ in winning others purify him?' and so on. He is thus to Him in his own home and village. able to dispose of a book or two where When they return, reports of their a less persistent man would fail." vacation days are given in chapel. One boy went home for a few days to Prohibition League of India visit his parents who are not Chris- tians. He then went to a village where I N THE first biennial session of this no Christian had ever been before. organization held at Delhi, the Gen- There he started a school-probably eral Secretary, Rev. Herbert Anderson, under an open cow-shed. As the boys said that the League "though not hav- and girls became interested in all the ing achieved very much in the way of new things taught them, the parents total prohibition had distinctly shown were interested too, and in the eveits need and value in three directions. nings were willing to squat around the First, it has kept before the public the teacher and hear wonderful new facts fact that prohibition is a religious, themselves, especially of the God who ·social and cmoral question, touching had a loving spirit, and had sent His only Son to earth to tell men all about it, and to invite them to accept Him as their own personal Saviour. The result was that a pflrmanent teacher

was sent to that village school, and a in the work of the building according church was formed with thirty-seven to his ability. Some help in the game charter members. This same boy at room; some on the playground; and another time visited thirty villages others in secretarial and other capaciduring his vacation." ties. All do not measure up to their re- sponsibilities, but the majority are Hindu Exalts Christian Ideals found to be trying. Situated in one of the most congested areas in the world, REV. E. E. WHITE, of the Madura the Nagpada Neighborhood House is Mission of the American Board at endeavoring to stand out as a city upon Aruppukottai, South India, feels that a hill." "it is great to be a live missionary in India today." In proof of this he A Centennial in Burma says: "At the invitation of members of three separate large caste com- T HE American Baptist Mission in munities in and around Aruppukottai Burma celebrated in May the one town, I have presided over mass meet- hundredth anniversary of the baptism ings at which special speakers gave of its first Karen convert, Ko Tha Byu. addresses on subjects like 'Education,' He had been a member of a robber I)r 'The Way to Elevate Our Com- gang, but he had fallen out with his munity.' In each case they have fellows and was in debt, and so was cordially invited me to choose the sub- sold as a slave. A Burman Christian ject and have given good attention, found" him in the Rangoon bazaar beeven when I preached Christ right at ingoffered to the highest bidder. As them. At one such meeting I was he knew that Dr. Adoniram Judson thrilled to hear a scholarly high-caste was anxious to get in touch with these Hindu make a strong plea that Indians people he bought him for twenty should study the 'Ramayana,' a famous rupees. After several months of teachepic poem of India, and also urge with ing by Dr. Judson, he accepted Chrisgreat earnestness: 'We find in this tianity, but such had been his record poem the Christian ideals of humility, that the Burman church was not ready love, and sacrifice for others and we to admit him to baptism. Mr. Boardmust all try to attain these ideals.' man was soon to move to Tavoy, and Think of a Hindu pleading for Chris- Ko Tha Byu went with him to that tian ideals before Hindus I" new station, was shortly baptized, and immediately asked permission to seek Boys in a Bombay Hostel out the Karen villages hidden in the hills and spread the good news to them. ONE feature of the Nagpada Neigh- At the time of his death twelve years borhood House, opened in Febru- later, there were 1,275 members of ary, 1927, by the Marathi Mission in the Karen churches and probably three a crowded section of Bombay is the or four times that number waiting for hostel. A missionary writes of it: admission, for in those days admission "Twenty-four young men live together was not an easy matter. Now at the here. The boys in the hostel are of end of the first century, there are in two types: those whom we hope to the Karen Baptist churches 63,750 train as social workers, and boys who members. have just come to Bombay, and who have not as yet succeeded in getting a CHINA AND TIBET good start in the city. Five are Moslems, two are Jews, three are Famine Relief for China Hindus, and fourteen are Christians. Of the Christians, three are Roman A CABLE message from the Famine Catholics. The rule of the hostel is Relief Commission of Peking reservice. Every man who enters ceived in New York in April stated promises to take definite responsibility that according to reports from mis- sionaries in the northwestern part of

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the Province of Shantung appalling been joined by English Baptists. The famine conditions prevail. The situta- units of government in the new body tion, which has been growing worse are as follows: (1) "The Local for many months, is now so bad that Church," the organization of which is nine tenths of the population are re- to be decided by the District Associa- ported to be eating unwholesome food tion. (2) "The District Association,"

substitutes. A half million people are answering to the Presbytery under actually starving and 4,000,000 more the Presbyterian system. The District face similar conditions in the next two Association is at liberty to continue months. Deaths are increasing. Men the session form of government in the have abandoned their homes and gone local churches if so desired. (3) ''The to Manchuria in search of work. Divisional Council," which has much Children are being offered for sale; the same functions as the Presbyterian boys of six selling, in some instances, Synod. One point of difference lies in for the equivalent of $5.00 American the power of the Divisional Council currency. instead of the Presbyteries to elect commissioners to the General As- Ohinese Faith and Patienoe sembly. (4) "The General Assembly."

A LETTER from a Cinese evan- The realm of activities of this highest gelist in Fukow, Honan Province, court is much the same as that of the is quoted in China's Millions as fol- General Assembly of the Presbyterian lows: "Four 0 days ago the county Church. In addition to these four magistrate and the Political Bureau courts, provision is made for "The officers said to us that all the living General Council," which shall consist rooms of the foreigners must be of the moderator of the General As- emptied of all their contents without sembly, one representative of each delay and given to the Political Divisional Council, and three members Bureau. I said to them, 'Where shall at large.

I be able to store all these things be- longing to the foreigners l' They said, Women Theological Students T 'That is no concern of ours. Turn HERE are now sixty-one young men and thirty-two young women things out quickly.' I also said to them, 'How shall we have worship l' enrolled in the North China Theo- They coldly smiled and said, 'Ha! Ha! logical Seminary at Tenghsien, Shan- You still want to have worship, do tung Province, and, writes Rev. W. M.

you 1 Later on you church members Hayes, "I have never seen a more will not be able to have worship.' earnest, appreciative body of students.

Therefore we had no way but to move … The young women deserve especial all the things to a large inner room in credit for having returned, as most the west yard…….When we moved of them came on trains crowded to the the things out it was raining slightly limit with the rude soldiery, and with- and they stood by and laughed at us. out conveniences of any kind. I had It certainly made it difficult to be written to all those within range that, patient. Now we have only three small while we would do our best to protect rooms in which to have worship. Please them, yet we could not guarantee their pray much for us. I do not know what safety, but they reasoned that they the future will bring, but trusting in were also in danger of being carried the Lord we go on." off by bandits if they remained at home, and the comparative danger was Ohinese Ohurch Governm.ent not great enough to justify delaying T HE new "Church of Christ in their school work. The question came China" as described in the Decem- up in faculty meeting what should be ber REVIEW was made up of members done in case the bandits did carry them of Congregationalist, Presbyterian off, and two of the Chinese staff and Reformed churches. and has since volunteered, in case of that emergency, 6

to offer themselves as ransom for the Osaka Mainichi ran for more than young women." thirty days a drama called 'Christ,' which tells the simple story of Jesus. Tibetan Ohristian Pioneer All the women's magazines write about Christianity every month, and so FROM the Welsh Calvinistic Mission everywhere, even in the mountain dis- in Assam comes the story of the tricts, Christianity is being spread experience of a Tibetan youth, the first through the magazines. Some one has from the great closed land to enter a said that the Japanese women are Christian educational establishment. more Christian than the men, because He decided for Christ, and when the they read more Christianity in the news reached his people he received magazines." letters that imported ill for him on his return to their midst. After receiving Japanese Americanization these communications, the young Tibetan informed his headmaster of his in- REV. T. KATAOKA, a Japanese tention to lay aside all the books in the clergyman who is now studying curriculum and of giving his whole at the General Theological Seminary, time to the study of God's Word; and writes in The Spirit of Missions of then in order to be able to give a rea- some work which he saw last sumson for the hope that was in him, and mer: "There are six hundred Japanto meet argument with argument, he ese in Nebraska, one half of whom drew up a list of questions that might are children born in America. They be put to him by his heathen relatives, have formed the 'Japanese Ameriand set down the answers he would canization Society,' the general direcgive should those questions be put to tor of which is Mr. H. Kano, a Chrishim. He has returned, and says The tian, son of the late Viscount H. Kano, Christian (London), "If he does not a member of the Japanese House of meet a martyr's fate, and holds fast Peers. his confidence, who can foretell the possibilities of good that his life and "The Japanese Americanization Sowitness may lead to, in a land that ciety is a separate, independent body. hitherto has practically been im- However, as the head is a Christian penetrable to the Gospel 1" and the people trust him and appreci- ate his religious teaching, it may be JAPAN-KOREA recognized to some extent as a part of the Church's work." Morals in Japanese Papers Japanese Pastor'. Schedule MANY of the most ,popular maga- zines in Japan, according to A J APANESE pastor, connected Toyohiko Kagawa, are now devoting with the mission of the Reformed their pages to moral education. He Church in America, recently invited a says: "Some of these sell over 500,000 small group of friends to celebrate copies a month. The Fuji magazine, with him the tenth anniversary of his which is devoted to the uplift of baptism. He talked with them of his national morality, is very popular, and early prejudice against Christianity is purely a secular magazine. Hope, and his devotion to Shintoism, and the magazine which is the organ of the sketched in outline the way in which, Kibosha, an ethical society of young he said, God had led him in these past people, sells over 250,000 copies month- ten years. A missionary who was ly. Its editor is a Christian, and the present writes of Pastor Y's activities: contents of the magazine are the best ethical teachings of Christianity, Con- For more than six years he has confucianism, and Buddhism. Since the ducted a full schedule of services–two popular magazines are of this nature, preaching services, a prayer-meeting and it is no wonder that the daily news- at least two Sunday-schools weekly. His papers publish Christian articles. The church has a flourishing women's society and young men's club. Both render val- uable aid at special evangelistic meet-

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ings, frequently held, during the sum- The question was asked, inevitably, mer, for weeks at a time. Mr. Y. is 'Why, because the two churches in without doubt the best out-of-door evan- America are unable to unite, should gelist among our twenty-odd evangelists. Methodism be divided in Korea? We For two years he has been teaching Bible are one in spirit, method, purpose; three times a week at the large Meth- why should we not be one in body?' odist girls' school here, and turned in to Just as Japan asked twenty years ago, the Evangelistic Committee the twenty- 'Why should there be three Methodfive yen per month received as honor- isms in Japan rather than one 7' so arium. He takes his turn, in a very ac- Korea is now applying common sense ceptable manner, in leading the inter- to the same problem. The two Methdenominational activities of the city. In odist churches in Korea have separate addition to his regular assignment of but contiguous territories. Only in work under our mission, he has been an Seoul do they cover the same ground, ardent but discriminating reader of where they are working unitedly in Christian books, mastering English and six institutions, including the theol- Esperanto to gain access to the religious ogical seminary. Between the two works written in these languages. Here bodies there is marked harmony of is an all-round pastor and evangelist, a feeling." The first steps have now wise administrator, a man of industry been taken which are expected to lead and perseverance, always growing, like to organic union. Paul, "forgetting the things which are behind, and stretching forward to the things which are before."

Prohibition Gains in Japan JAPAN has taken another step to- Evangelizing Chinese in Korea ward liquor removal. The sale of Nake, the national intoxicating bever- REV. E. H. HAMILTON, a Southern age of the country, has been abolished Presbyterian missionary in Korea, in army canteens. The last anni- writes: "Mr. Chang, my associate in versary of tbe earthquake disaster, the work of evangelizing the Chinese September 1st, was generally observed in Southern Korea, is a Korean, but throughout the country as a National he speaks Chinese perfectly, having Temperance Day. In Tokyo, a great spent three years studying in a semidemonstration and lantern parade took nary in China. He has a real love for place; many thousands of men and the Chinese people, and a real care women participated, each carrying a for their souls. Our plan of evangelizred paper lantern on which were the ing the small towns is as follows: We words "No Sake Day." More than go to a Korean inn and engage a room; 25,000 sets of posters describing the then we go on the street and visit all evils of drink and its effects on grow- the Chinese in their shops, inviting ing boys and girls, were recently dis- them to come to our room that evening tributed in the primary schools of one to talk together and to hear the Gospel. of the cities of Japan. The principals Last night, for instance, here in Rashu of the schools have instructions from we went to the three cloth shops and the Department of Education to de- the one Chinese restaurant, and inliver lectures on the liquor habit. vited them to come to our room. Ten Chinese, out of about twenty who live Methodist Union in Korea here, crowded into our little room at the inn, and for about an hour we BISHOP HERBERT WELCH, of sipped tea and nibbled cakes with the Methodist Episcopal Church, them, and discussed the present situa- North, writes from Seoul: "The tion in China and in Korea. Then present movement to form a Korean after they had loosened up, we sang Methodist Church is the direct and, and explained a couple of hymns to shall I say, the natural result of the them, passed around pocket Testafailure in the United States of the gen- ments (furnished free by the Million eral plan for unification with the Testament Campaign for China) and Methodist Episcopal Church, South. read the Bible with them. Then Mr.

Chang preached to them, after which sioner of the District. He has given I added a word of exhortation." all possible help in establishing the work." Korean Men's Bible Class Home Missions in New Guinea T HE devotion to Bible study shown by Korean Christians has often MEMBERSHIP in the churches in been reported. A recent instance of New Guinea runs now in thouthis was the men's Bible class for sands where before the World War it Pyengyang District, which was at- ran in scores only, according to an tended for a week by more than 1,300 article in the Sunday Schoo~ Times, men who came from all parts of the which continues: "Best of all is the province. A remarkable feature of the eager spirit of evangelism. There is class was the six o'clock morning no church without its own mission. prayer meeting to which a thousand The London Society in the earlier or more men came out each morning in years sent six Samoans to evangelize the bitter cold in the dark. At the under the direction of the Rhenish Sunday night service those over fifty Society. There are now some eighty years old who wished to reconsecrate native missionaries, and the change their remaining years to God and His has come in ten years ….. The native service were asked to stand, while one Christians often go into heathen towns of their number led in a consecration to settle, with the idea of both preachprayer. Next; the middle-aged men ing and living the Gospel before the went through the same dedicatory heathen. They are sent forth not by service, and last of all the young men missionaries but by the churches under thirty years of age were asked themselves, who provide their repreto stand, if they whole-heartedly de- sentatives with food and other supplies sired to give themselves with all their in these remote posts. The whole of young strength to God's service. Dampier Island has, in this way, been covered with a net of volunteer evan- ISLANDS OF THE SEA gelist stations. Now and then the evangelists return to tell their ex- Reaching a New Filipino Tribe periences." In some places they are building good-sized churches. A. T ZAMBOANGA, on the southwest 1'1. coast of Mindanao, the most Maoris Prize Their Bibles southerly of the Philippine Islands, A COLPORTEUR of the British the Protestant Episcopal Church has and Foreign Bible Society in the had for years a church, hospital and New Hebrides who has sold many school among the Moros, but the in- copies of the new edition of the Maori terior of the island has been until Bible tells of how pleased the Maori about a year ago untouched by any are to have a Bible of their own; Christian influence. A writer in The they even go without food to save Spirit of Missions says: "We have money to buy one. A young Maori, recently opened a mission at Upi, the twenty-three years of age, came to the central barrio, or village, of the lady missionary to whom he owed Tirurais, a pagan tribe which occupies spiritual enlightenment and asked for the mountain province of Cotabato. a Bible and a prayer-book. With them They are a most interesting people, he went back to the sawmill camp and are very responsive to our church where he lived and started most acteachings. They have a belief in one ceptable services among his own God, and 'have a tradition that they people. were people of Heaven who wandered away and were lost. They expect and A missionary of the United Free await a Saviour who will take them Church of Scotland writes of the back to heaven …… The mission at presentation of a new Maori Bible to Upi is fortunate in having a friend in those in charge of the meeting-house: Captain Edwards, the Deputy Commis-

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The Bible was taken home by one of service has been prepared and has Rua's followers and read, with the re- been translated into many languages. sult that the Light shined in his soul. This service, in Korean, has been sent Since then his wife, too, has taken Jesus to more than 4,000 Sunday-schools as her Friend. We read of the Bible in in that country. Sample copies, in foreign countries having given its silent English, can be had by adressing the message and changed the hearts and World's Association, Metropolitan lives of those who received it. The same Tower, New York. The nominal thing has happened here, and we pray charge for quantities is fifty cents per that the reading of God's Word may hundred. They will help to promote bring many into His Kingdom. very real world fellowship in Christian worship on World's Sunday School NORTH AMERICA Day.

Youth's Threefold Crusade Gospel for Boston Jews T HE theme of the International I T IS estimated that in greater Christian Endeavor Convention Boston there is a Jewish population last July was "Crusade with Christ," of 100,000. Mr. Herman B. Centz has and the appointment of three represen- been engaged in missionary work in tative commissions to carry out this that city for over a year, but on crusade along three lines-evangelism, January 16, 1928, the work came under world peace, and Christian citizenship the auspices of the Presbyterian Board -was announced in the October of National Missions. REVIEW. Indorsements and expressions of cooperation have come rapidly During the last fifteen days of since then reports the national Chris- January there were thirty-one Jewish tian Endeavor headquarters, (1) inquirers at the reading room in Bowfrom the Interdenominational Young doin Square, among them Socialists, People's Commission, in charge of Communists, orthodox believers, and young people's societies in twenty-one philosophically-inclined agnostics. As denominations; (2) from the Sunday- a result of the interest aroused by schol workers among young people of personal conversations, three purmore than thirty denominations; (3) chased complete Bibles and three from a group of official representatives others bought New Testaments in of young people's agencies within and Yiddish and Hebrew. A number of without the Church. Jews also came in to ask for a free copy of the Gospel of Matthew. This Easter morning witnessed the in- Gospel, opened at the fifth chapter, auguration of a Crusade with Christ was displayed under a sign which read, participated in by many of the Chris- "If God were King-the Most Distian youth groups of the United States. cussed Sermon-a COpy Free." Mr. Thousands of Christian youth at- Centz speaks appreciatively of the tended the Easter sunrise prayer serv- cordial support he is receiving from ices held in hundreds of cities and friends of the work. He is encouragvillages throughout North America, in ing pastors to include Jews living which the three-fold Crusade of Evan- about their churches in their ministry, gelism, World Peace and Christian and is cooperating in this service. Citizenship received its first popular acceptance. Expert Missionary Education World's Sunday School nay T HE International Council of Re- ligious Education conducts its J ULY 15, the Sunday when the studies and investigations through Tenth Convention of the World's what are known as professional ad- Sunday School Association will be in visory sections, organized for elemensession in Los Angeles, pastors tary, young people's and adult groups. throughout the world are requested to There are sections also for editors, use the Convention motto, "Thy Kingdom Come," Matthew 6: 10, as their sermon text. An appropriate worship

professors and specialists in religious nominations has drawn up the follow- education. The recommendations of ing expression of things held in com- these various advisory sections clear mon: through the Committee on Education. Each Church has the congregational At its recent annual meeting the form of government. Council established relations with the Missionary Education Movement, In each, the individual church is the through the organization of a profes- unit of authority. sional advisory section on missionary education. Active membership in this Each Church accepts and practices repsection is to consist of those profes- resentative government with regard to sionally engaged in denominational or matters of common concern to the interdenominational work. churches.

Missions comments: Each Church accepts the Bible as the rule of faith and practice, recognizing It has been recognized now for some the right of free individual interpretatime by the religious education leaders tion. that the most vital illustrative material in applying the principle of religious edu- Neither Church holds to a creed which cation is found in the field of missions; is binding upon individuals or upon and a growing conviction of the im- churches. portance of missions in the whole scheme of religious education has led to this new Each is agreed upon the general plan of correlation, which will greatly foundational tenets of our common widen the sphere of influence of our mis- Christianity. sionary education agencies. An Indian Chief's Appeal CHIEF AHPEAHTONE, a Kiowa Indian, in a recent appeal to the Secretary of the Interior, in view of the extension of the trust period for Two Churches Consider Union the Kiowa, Comanche and Apache NEGOTIATIONS that have been tribes, said: "When the present trust going on for some time between period expires, it is my wish that you the Commission on Interchurch Rela- and the other representatives who look tions of the Congregational Churches after the welfare of the Indians be and the Commission on Christian extremely careful to see that more ex- Unity of the Christian Church have tension be granted mainly for the reached the point of joint recom- benefit of the younger generation. I mendations looking toward organic believe the time has not come for the union. The "Christian Church" in Government to relinquish its hold on question is not the Disciples of Christ, the property of the Indian for his known as "Christians" in some parts benefit. I know that at the present of the United States, but the "General time numerous persons are awaiting Convention of the Christian Church," the end of the trust period. They think whose headquarters are at Dayton, it is going to be one of the greatest Ohio. The report of the Census boons. I see it as the beginning of the Bureau tabulates 1,044 churches, with end for my people. I predict it will 112,795 members. There are 182 take fifty years more before the good churches in Ohio, 174 in Indiana, 151 Government can safely relinquish their in North Carolina, 88 in Illinois, 74 in hold. Be guided by your wisdom, and Virginia, and 52 in New York, with may God, or the Great Spirit, guide smaller numbers in other states as far you in all your undertakings."-Miswest as Kansas. There are some sions.

churches in New England, but the greater strength lies in the interior LATIN AMERICA 1, and in the South. The churches in "Friendship School Bag" Plan Ohio and Indiana, for example, are in HE project of sending "Friend- sections where there are only a few ship School Bags" to the children Congregational churches, and the same of Mexico, sponsored by the Committee thing is true in the Southeast. of the Federal Council of Churches on A joint committee of the two de- World Friendship among Children,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

was described in the January REVIEW. Porto Rican Presbyterian_ This committee, which carried through its first project, the "doll messengers" THE Board of National Missions of to Japan, with such remarkable suc- the Presbyterian Church (U. S. cess in both countries, reports increas- A.) announces that with the retireing interest in this new plan for ment of the Rev. Arthur James from developing international good will. work in Porto Rico in April, there has School bags were chosen for the ex- begun "one of the most significant pression of friendliness because of the phases of Protestant work on the Isgreat movement in Mexico for popular land. From this time on entire reeducation. The bags, which are dur- sponsibility for the promotion and able, in three colors, and beautifully administration of the work of the embossed, may be obtained from the Presbytery of Porto Rico will rest in Committee, 289 Fourth Avenue, New the hands of native Porto Rican York City. Classes, groups or in- pastors. When the work was begun dividuals may fill them with service- thirty years ago the supervision as able and appropriate gifts having some well as a larger part of the pastoral connection with school life. The bags work was carried by missionaries sent are being sent to the Department of by the Board from the north, but as Education in Mexico City for distribu- native ministers, trained under their tion among the primary school chil- supervision, showed ability to assume dren on Mexico's Independence Day, leadership, man after man was with- September 16th. Some have already drawn and his responsibility placed arrived, and Dr. Moises Saenz in upon a Porto Rican pastor. Mr. James acknowledgment writes that the De- is the last of these, and he has been partment of Education is "thrilled" succeeded by the Rev. Angel Archilla, with this evidence of the friendliness pastor of the Central Church in of the American children. Mayaguez. The thirty mission centers are now in charge of native pastors. Christian Homes in Guatemala Dr. JamesA. McAllister, president of the Seminary of Rio Piedras, and Dr. MISS ANNA VAN HOOK, of the J. W. Harris, president of the Poly- Central American Mission, writes technic Institute, are members of the from San Marcos, Guatemala: "Last Presbytery but are engaged in educanight we held an extra service in San tional work entirely." Pedro in the home of a widow who believed, with all her house, two years ''Bellt Seller" in Brazil ago. She used to keep a saloon and was herself a woman of ill repute. REV. J. H. HALDANE, representa- Now the Lord has set her free and she tive of the Evangelical Union of uses her home for His glory. She had South America in Pernambuco, North invited the whole neighborhood and all Brazil, narrates several instances of her friends. There were about twenty former persecutors who now listen unconverted, some who had never been gladly to the Gospel and continues: in a service before. What a joy it is "A few years ago when the colporteurs to bring the message to those who went round selling the Scriptures, have never heard! The believer who they took their lives in their hands. preached is himself a converted ma- Constantly they had to see their books rimba player who once wasted his life torn up or burned. But now every in drink and fiestas-don Marcelino. town is open to them, and the people The Lord is undoubtedly preparing welcome them; the people come seek~ this brother for a more extended serv- ing for the Scriptures. The Brazilian ice and he is becoming a very clear likes a good novel, and they have some and forceful speaker. His wife, too, good authors, whose works enjoy a is growing spiritually and their home large circulation, but the book that has is a powerful testimony." the largest circulation in Brazil today is the Bible."

Needy Indians in Amazonia are taking hold of the work in an in- TT ENNETH G. GRUBB, who has spiring fashion. The Tocopilla church .l~ been making a special study of plans to become self-supporting within the Indians of the Amazon Valley, the next year."

writes: "The period since the war EUROPE has witnessed the resuscitation of prayer and service on behalf of Ama- Livingstone House in London zonia. It is more than important that this movement should be fostered by T HE London Missionary Society has the prayer and labor of devoted souls. given the name of its most famous The opportunity of fulfilling our missionary to the new headquarters building which it has erected behind divine commission to these Gentiles the premises occupied by the Society can never again recur. This genera- since 1920. The new address is tion is the last for the Amazon In- Livingstone House, Broadway, Westdian as such. Rather, we cannot minster, London S. W. 1, and Westescape the truth that we are a genera- minster Abbey is only two minutes' tion (and more) too late. The eco- walk away. On March 6th the building nomic development of the Amazon has was formally opened by Sir Frederick antedated missionary expansion in Whyte, K. C. S. I., ex-President of the region by twenty years. Com- the Legislative Assembly of India and son of the late Rev. Alex Whyte, D.D., merce has stretched out her hand at of Edinburgh, and on the two succeedthose frowning forests and with- ing days a reception for representadrawn her' advances. She has left tives of kindred societies and a more than abandoned rubber posts meeting of London ministers were and river ports in somnolent decay. held. Up to March 1st the income of She has left a sinister feast for the the L. M. S. had increased £22,000 over bird of prey, the whitening bones of that of the preceding year, and many the worn-out slave, the mind tainted additional contributions were hoped with the lust for gold, the 'foul traces for before the end of the fiscal year, of congenital disease, the moral and April 1st. spiritual degradation, and the embit- tered soul fed with hatred and "Petrified Souls" in Belgium despair." REV. A. MIELES describes Malines, Belgium, as "a town where the New Attitude in ChUe T HE Chilean Church is growing souls of men have been petrified by the rapidly, reports Rev. Irven Paul, Roman Catholic Church." He writes Presbyterian missionary in Taltal, who in The Missionary Voice: "We are says: "When I came here a few years looking in every corner of Malines to ago they were worried about how they find a place for gospel preaching in could get more money and more mis- one of the suburbs. Sometimes I have sionaries from the United States to found a little hall good for our pur- evangelize Chile. Now they say, 'Let poses, but regularly after some days us not ask for more foreign money or I have been told, 'I am sorry, but I missionaries, but let us do the work cannot rent you the place. My wife ourselves and be responsible for it. In- fears the Church'; or, 'I had for- stead of paying only thirty national gotten I promised the hall to another.'

pastors higher salaries, let us turn our The priests robbed us of about eight 1,380 members into missionaries and children in our children's work by pastors and form a Chilean National menacing the parents. But new chil- Church. That is what we should have dren came in. A woman's meeting has done fifty years ago, don't you think?' begun, first a little weak thing, but At any rate the plan works well. They we are praying and believing for more.

elected an elder as moderator of the o • 0 0 One poor woman, born in England presbytery this year and the elders and married to a Belgian workman,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

said, 'I thought the Lord was every- All the Protestants in France, includ- where the same, but here in this dark ing those in Alsace, number about one country I see no more the Lord of my million. The Paris society has 260 father and mother, only a Roman missionaries in 8 mission fields, the Catholic God, asking for money and majority of them in the French col- more money.''' onies in Africa. It also has an im- portant mission field in British South A Spanish Woman Imprisoned Africa, among the Basutos and along THE case of Carmen Padin-an un- the Zambesi. In view of the deprecia- educated village woman-has at- tion of French money, it is not surtracted much attention, according to prising that the society is working Evangelical ChristendO'J'l1" which says: under great difficulties. Its budget "In a village apothecary's shop she for the present year is estimated at entered into a discussion, and denied 4,200,000 French francs, of which that the Virgin Mary had no other there is only one half in sight!

children, saying the gospels give the names of her sons and daughters. It Temperance Day in Bulgaria F is difficult for us in England to realizeEW Americans may be aware that January 16th is a red-letter day in what this means in Spain, part of which is called 'the Land of the their history, but the Bulgarians, says Holiest Virgin.' Her words were re- The Congregationalist, "have been sented by the local ecclesiastical au- celebrating it as such for the past thority, and she was charged with eight years. It is known as Tem- escarnio, contempt of, scoffing at, re- perance Day in Bulgaria, dating, of ligion. As the perpetual virginity of course, from the going into effect of the mother of our Lord is the most the Eighteenth Amendment to the deeply rooted belief of Spanish Roman- Constitution of the United States.

ism, for a person to say otherwise is, This year, the day was celebrated in in Spanish law and Roman Catholic Sofia by a mass meeting in the opinion, a very heinous offence. We Theater Odeon, at which Dr. H.

have read carefully the judgment of Neichev gave an illustrated lecture, in the court and that of the Court of Bulgarian, on the effects of Prohibi- Appeal, and no other offence is laid tion in America, followed by a musical to the charge of Carmen Padin. For and literary program. The theater these and no other words, she has been was packed with an enthusiastic condemned to two years' imprisonment crowd, composed largely of young peo- and forfeiture of civil rights. The ple, long before the hour of opening.

Spanish Branch of the World's Evan- This day was celebrated not only in gelical Alliance defended her in the Sofia, but throughout the country- Provincial as well as in the Supreme wherever there were temperance so- Court of Madrid, but in vain. The cieties. Everywhere, America is sentence was pronounced and con- looked upon and lauded as the leader firmed, and she is now serving her in the movement for 'keeping alcohol sentence in Segovia." for our machines and clothes-cleaning establishments, and keeping it out of The Paris Mliaaion our stomachs,' as Dr. Neichev ex- T HIS mission society grew out of pressed it." an auxiliary to the Basel Mission, which was founded in 1882 and for The BUnd in Hungary T many years was closely connected with HE American Bible Society has been asked to assist an enterprise the Swiss Society. During the War it had charge of the Cameroon Mis- which is thus described in the Bible sion and at present its missionaries Society Record; "Through Dr. Adolph are manning the Cameroon territory. Keller, of Zurich, Switzerland, comes

word of a generous service to the GENERAL blind being rendered in Hungary. It is notable as an evidence of how Chris- Medical Needs of the World tians in Central Europe are trying to help themselves and their fellows. It MEDICAL missionary work in foris more notable because this work was eign lands will more and more inaugurated, and is being carried on, take the form of public health educa- by a lady who is herself blind in one tion and the training of nationals as eye and also a partial invalid. Bishop physicians and nurses, rather than the Ravasz of the Reformed Church of treatment by Western-trained special- Hungary commends the work highly. ists of individual patients in hospital He reports that the lady is the wife and clinic and through surgery and of a professor in the University of medicine. This was the consensus of Budapest. On her country place she opinion of the one hundred medical has had a small house altered for the missionaries-furloughed doctors and purpose, and set up in it a practical nurses and board medical secretaries Braille printing hand machine. Al- -who attended the Conference on ready she has embossed 400 copies of Medical Missions held at Riverdaleparts of the gospels, and 100 copies on-Hudson, April 3d to 5th, under the of Paul's epistles. These are distri- auspices of the Foreign Missions Conbuted to the blind free." ference of North America. "We recognize the continued challenge that Riga "Salvation Temple" the medical needs of a large portion of the world present to the Christian I N THIS building work is being car- Church; we realize how inadequate ried on, under the general direction are the forces, both personal and of Pastor Fetler, for both Russian and financial, that are trying to meet these Letts. A recent article in The Friend needs; and we challenge the present of Missions says: "As a new feature student generation with this problem," in the Russian work, may be men- say the findings of the Conference. tioned the gospel meeting on Wednesday evening, which is well attended. Missionaries' Children Succeed Sometimes this takes the form of a testimony meeting, when many of the PROFESSOR ELLSWORTH church members give brief testi- HUNTINGTON, of Yale Univermonies, about five minutes each, tell- sity, presented recently to the Ameriing what the Lord has done for them. can Eugenics Society a report which In these meetings, also, the spirit of has been widely quoted. His study of prayer is manifest. The Sunday eve- the graduates of Yale and Harvard in ning meetings in the large hall are the past thirty years shows that the well attended by people who seem to largest measure of success in college be really interested in the Gospel. Re- and after has come to the sons of miscently, we have had meetings at the sionaries. Next come the sons of proend of the service when 100 to 120 fessors, and close to them the sons of people remain together for prayer; ministers, serving churches at home. many at these after-meetings are A partial explanation of these records really seekers after the truth, and is found by Professor Huntington in pray for the first time. The work in the fact that "missionaries, both men the Sunday-school is progressing and women, must have good health, a somewhat slowly but surely. It is not spirit of adventure, energy, religion so easy for the Russian children to and moral fervor." The New York come to the school as it is for the Times, commenting editorially, says: Letti.sh children, because many of their parents are against it. They The promise that was made to the first would like to see their children any- missionaries of a gospel whose preachwhere but in the Salvation Temple." -jng has now enehe1ed the earth-that "the last shall be first"-has had a lat- ter-day fulfillment in that the mission- aries of our time, who are least in their material rewards, are first in the relative

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

achievement of their children. There is India, Burma, and Ceylon. A special something to be said for a system which arrangement committee, on which the makes possible this remarkable contribu- National Christian Council, the Y. M. tion to human biography. C. A., the Y. W. C. A., and the Na- tional Missionary Society are repre- Follow Up Lausanne Conference sented, is working in the closest co- operation with the executive commit- T HE ninety-five churches which tee of the World's Student Christian sent representatives to the World Federation. One feature of the pro- Conference on Faith and Order held gram will be a presentation of India's last August in Lausanna, Switzerland, religious and social contribution to have been asked to express their opin- the world by non-Christian, as well as ions as to the next step in carrying by Christian, speakers. forward the Christian unity movement. -This request is made in a letter COMING EVENTS mailed by the international Continuation Committee appointed at Lausanne Schools for Pastors to the executive officers of the principal Protestant and Eastern Orthodox June 4 to 15. New England School bodies in thirty-seven countries, in for Town and Country pastors. Boston every quarter of the globe. Since the University, Boston, Mass. Rev. K. C. governing bodies of many of these McArthur, Sterling, Mass., Director. churches meet only at long intervals, considerable time will elapse before a *** consensus of these opinions can be obtained. Meanwhile, the educational June 4 to 15. California Ministers' work of the movement is being carried Summer Institute at Pacific School of on by local meetings in every country Religion, Berkeley, Calif. Dr. E. W. represented in the conference, and by Blakeman, Director. world-wide dissemination of literature. * >I< '" "The Monoplane Testament" June 11 to 28. School of Community T HIS is the title given by the Pa- Leadership, Kansas State Agricultural cific Agency of the American Bible College, Manhattan, Kansas, Roy Walter Society to a special edition of the Burr, Director. New Testament and Psalms, stamped with a monoplane and lettering in " … '" gold. Rev. A. Wesley Mell, secretary of the Agency, writes: "The volume June 18 to 29. Pastors' Summer has met a popular demand as a gift School, Ohio State University, Columbus, book for aviators and youths inspired Ohio, Prof. C. E. Lively, Director. with flying ideals. At the time of Lindbergh's visit to the Pacific Coast '" >I< '" we sent the first copy to him by air mail on his entrance into the Pacific June 25 to July 6. Wisconsin Rural Agency at Spokane, Washington. Church Summer School, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Dr. J. H. w. S. C. F. to Meet in India Kolb, Director.

EUROPE, North America, Japan, '" >I< '" Constantinople, China have in turn welcomed the World's Student July 2 to 19. Auburn Summer School Christian Federation for either a gen- of Theology, Auburn, New York, Rev. eral committee meeting or a larger Harry Lathrop Reed, Director. conference. Its last big conference was held in Peking in 1922, and its '" July 9 to 20.'" S'"ummer School for next meeting will be held in Mysore, India, in December, under the auspices Rural Pastors, Michigan Agricultural of the Student Christian Movement in Colle~e, East Lansing, Mich. Dr. Eben .. ..'" Mumbord, Director. July 9 to 21. Summer School for Town and Country Ministers, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Prof. R.

.. .'" A. Felton, Director. July 18 to August 1. Estes Park Pas- tors Fellowship School, Estes Park, Colorado. Dr. W. H. Wilson, 156 Fifth Ave., New York. Director.

*** September 3 to 14. Summer Confer- pnce for Town and Country Ministers, Washinorton College, Chestertown, Md. Dr. P. E. Titsworth, Director.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Gospel for Asia. Kenneth Saunders. undertake this essay in interpretation 245 pp. $2.50. New York. 1928. and comparison. With the background The International Missionary Coun- of honors at Oxford and Cambridge cil set the following as the first ques- he went to Ceylon where he studied tion in the preparatory studies for the Buddhism at first hand for four years.

recent meeting at Jerusalem: "In Extensive travel in the East and years countries where the minds of men of scholarly research have helped to have been molded by other faiths than make possible a series of valuable vol- Christianity, what are the' sources umes~"Buddhist Ideals," "The Story from which chiefly they draw strength of Buddhism," "Adventures of a Chris- and comfort? What are the chief in- tian Soul," "The Heart of Buddhism,"

sights which they have gained into the "Gotama Buddha," and "Epochs in meaning and purpose of life?" I Buddhist History."

know of no book which better answers His present volume is a deeply mis- such a question for three great re- sionary book. It not only unfolds to ligions of Asia than this new volume the West the kernel of two great re- by Prof. Saunders. ligions of the East, but it offers the His book is an effort to bridge the "Fourth Gospel" to the Oriental world gulf which tends to separate educated as an expression of the central Chris- people of the East and the West, for tian truth in terms that will appeal the author believes that a study of the most to it.

religious masterpieces of three great In these times of readjustment in civilizations can bring men together missionary thought it ought greatly and help them to understand the unity to strengthen our impulse to share the of civilization. To know India one riches we experience in Jesus Christ, must know the Bhagavad-gita. To to see how definitely and explicitly a understand Japan, the Lotus Scripture scholar of Professor Saunders' knowl- is almost as important. While the edge and insight registers his convic- Christian "Fourth Gospel," with its tion as to the supremacy of Jesus Logos doctrine and mysticism, is Christ. "Krishna and Sakyamuni deeply significant for the West. Per- may indeed, like Elijah and Moses of haps two thirds of the human race are the Transfiguration, gain a greater today receiving light in greater or reality by being set beside the Christ.

less degree from these three books. . . . And if some, like the impetuous "All three belong to great periods of Peter, now desire to make three taber- the springtide of the Spirit, when nacies, we cannot doubt that they will creative personalities had called forth some day learn, as he learned, that a response of devotion and gratitude. these others are there to worship, not They are all works of mystical wor- to be worshipped." The author holds ship of a loving Saviour . .. For all that in Christ, the Son of Man, is of them this is the Eternal speaking found the personality and the power in time; and they all realize that a that will unify and reconstruct the great Idea must tabernacle in human great faiths of Asia. In Him is flesh to have redemptive power." neither East nor West, and in His The author is peculiarly qualified to Cross is the only motive power strong 508

BOOKS WORTH READING

enough to overcome the tremendous and surprised by what has been acobstacles in the way of unity. complished from the feudal days and Chinese education of 1854 to the D. J. FLEMING. 10,532,561 pupils of today, with a schoolgoing age enrollment of 99.30 Japan in the World of Today. By Arthur per cent of boys and 99.03 per cent J. Brown. Illustrated. 322 pp. New of the girls-the world record at pres- York. $3.75. 1928. ent. Yet it is saddening to read that seven out of every eight candidates A worthy volume calls for a strong for college cannot be cared for befoundation. And that we have here. cause of inadequate provision for "The materials for this volume were them; and still more sad is it to know gathered during an administrative re- that while "an American student who lationship of over thirty years with fails to pass examinations never thinks missionary work in Japan, two visits of killing himself, every year Japanese to that country, an extensive cor- students end their lives for this rearespondence, and many personal con- son," especially by throwing themferences with Japanese of all classes, selves into the beautiful Kegon Waterand with Americans and Europeans fall, near Nikko, and the volcano of who are or have been in Japan as mis- Asama. Of these Dr. Gulick tells us sionaries, business men, editors, that "in 1912 no fewer than 248 men teachers, consuls and ambassadors." and women ended their lives in that Dr. Brown's membership of a Com- tragic way at Kegon alone. How mission on American and Japanese many had ended their lives in the Relations and also of one on Interna- crater of Asama no records can show." tional Justice and Goodwill are further "Social Problems" affecting the lives indications that we have the opinions and morals of the Japanese are plainly of a recognized authority on "Things indicated and narrated in a way to Japanese." Other productions of his make the Occident compare Japanese bear out the claim of his fitness to shortcomings with our own sinful write upon Japan. estate. After an unduly long and not alto- Japan in Korea, in Manchuria and gether germane chapter on "World Conditions,"-most of which appeared Siberia and in the World War, as well first in A.~ia-a somewhat vague chap- as our own relations with Japan, so ter upon "The Country and People of helpful at first and ending in' the .Japan" and an essential one upon shame of our exclusion law of 1924- "Autocracy and Democracy," he enters never to be forgotten and resented as upon his really contributory interpre- a damning blot upon our national tation of Japan as it has entered into escutcheon-are perhaps the most im· the world of today. From a well-in- portant chapters in the volume, and dexed mass of readings and interviews are naturally followed by one on "The and also from what was claimed for War Bogey"-which becomes plainly Dr. Arthur Smith-that he had a only a bogey concocted by yellow jourcapacious storehouse of facts in the nalists and by timorous and alarmist back of his own head-he pours forth business men and a few naval officers. a wealth of information and argument that is rarely seen in print. The work ends with religion, first a comprehensive account of indigenous What he tells us of Japan's army religions, followed by sketches of and navy would be hardly credible Roman and Russian Catholic Missions, were it not abundantly documented; and last and most effective of all those but it is not used here as it has been of Protestantism. In these thirtyby jingoists. "Trade and Manufac· four pages is a convincing reply to the turers" will be an "eye-opener" to question, Do Japanese Missions Pay? most business men, and is equally as- as the last chapter, "Christianity as tonishing. Educators, from kinder- Japanese See It. Do They Want It?" garten to university, will be fascinated

answers the query, Shall Missions Be mindful of the true character of the Given Up in Japan? H. P. B. missionary enterprise. Several state- ments are not in accord with known China, a Nation in Evolution. Paul Mon- facts. She confuses Christianity with roe. Illustrated. 8 vo., 447 pp. $3.50. Western civilization, admits that it New York. 1928. "has helped to bring about the great There are many books on China, but awakening among Asiatic peoples," this is particularly worthy of thought- but says that "bitter antagonism to ful study. The author is the Director Christianity is widespread." As a of the International Institute and matter of fact, the antagonism is anti- Barnard Professor of Education in the foreign rather than anti-Christian. Teachers' College of Columbia Uni- In proportion as Asiatics understand versity. It would be difficult to name the altruistic purpose of the missionany American more competent to write ary and the beneficent influence of his upon China. He has visited it several work, they are friendly. This was times, is a trustee of two China uni- notably illustrated in the tragedy in versities, and has been expert educa- Nanking where the trouble was tional adviser of the Government. Dr. created by soldiers from another prov- Alfred Sze, Chinese Minister in Wash- ince who did not know the difference ington, who writes the Fqreword, says between missionaries and other forthat Dr. Monroe "has not only a first- eigners and where the people of the hand personal knowledge of the coun- city did everything they could to help try and people but also a truly sym- the missionaries. pathetic insight into their needs and aspirations." This attractive volume The statement of Miss Harrison abundantly justifies the reader's ex- "that more of them (Japanese Chrispectation. The discussion of Chinese tians) have become baptized from a social, intellectual, economic, political desire to learn English and to write and religious conditions is remarkably on the typewriter than from love of able and the analysis of the present Jesus Christ," is palpably absurd, situation is so clear and readable that since Japanese who wish to learn the reader is carried along with un- English can do so at the government abated interest to the end. A copious schools. In reality, Japanese Chrisindex renders the rich and varied con- tians show the genuineness of their tents readily accessible for reference. faith by supporting many of their churches without foreign aid. ARTHUR J. BROWN. It is a pity that a book which con- Asia Reborn. Marguerite Harrison. 8 vo., tains much valuable material should 389 pp. $4. New York. be marred by such inaccurate state- ments and such crude opinions. This comprehensive review of the changes that have taken place in Asia ARTHUR J. BROWN.

since 1914 discusses the effect of the Stewardship in the Life of Women. Helen World War upon the peoples of Asia Kingsbury Wallace. Introduction by and the movements influencing present Helen Barrett Montgomery. 88 pp. developments. In spite of occasional $1. New York. 1928.

errors the author shows considerable This is no academic discussion, but knowledge of political, social and eco- is alive with experience and practical nomic conditions. She attributes to suggestion. It is a subject that re- King Rama VI of Siam reforms be- quires treatment by a writer of un- gun by his father Chulalongkorn, and usual qualification, such as Miss Wal- she refers to the present King as the lace. She is a wide-awake young wom- son of Rama, the fact being that he an who has been developed in an is a brother. She includes Christian- atmosphere of practical stewardship ity in "The Springs of the Asiatic in the fullest sense of the term. Out Renascence," but she is apparently un- of both Old and New Testaments, she

has called together a remarkable sex- that distant part of the world. It is tette of women who speak in action written for the purpose of showing the pictures on the stewardship of Hospi- need of Chinese for the Gospel, and the tality, of Sewing, of Money, of Time, compensations of work among them. of Family and of the Gospe. Here is described a woman's stewardship in Securing Christian Leaders for Tomorrowher use of a little room, of a needle, A Study in Present Problems of Reernit· of a costly offering, of an hour, of a ing for Christian Life Service. By Sam· little son, and of a message. With uel McCrea Cavert. 12 mo. 179 pages. these instruments of the "common round, the daily task," the book brings Price $1.50. New York. 1926. home the high organizing principle of stewardship which Jesus makes cen- The author might as truthfully be tral in the life of every disciple. called the editor, for the book is really Motherhood is the most important of a compilation of the group discussion all stewardships. Only when the roots and research of eight leaders of reof stewardship are planted in the cruiting in different fields. The findhome, will its fruits abound in the ings of this group were also read and work through all the Church. constructively criticized by nearly a score of others, also leaders in va- DAVID MCCONAUGHY. rious fields of recruiting.

The New Africa. Donald Fraser. 12 mo. It is a serious effort to present the 202 pp. New York and London. 1927. problems of recruiting for Christian callings and the efforts now being Africa and Her l'eoples. F. Deauville made to secure their solution. Walker. 12 mo. 144 pp. London and New York. 1927. It occupies a new fielcJ. and empha- sizes the need for the Christian motive Africa is the Foreign Missions in choosing a life work. study topic for 1928-1929. Here are two valuable helps to the understand- The chapter headings suggest the ing of the Continent, the people and scope of the book: their religions, the mission work and the progress of Christianity. I. The Christian View of Life·Work. II. Beginning with the Child. Dr. Fraser, who has spent a fruit- III. Continuing with the Yonth. ful lifetime in Livingstonia, describes IV. R~aching the College Stndent. graphically the people and how they V. The Right Person in the Right Place. live, the entrance of the Christian VI. Some Conclusions. Church and its influence on education and life, the problems and their only The book should be of interest to all solution in Christ. Christian workers and especially to Mr. Walker, whose book was first written four years ago, gives a more those who are concerned about misgeneral and comprehensive view of the Continent and its progress; the sionary leadership. African family and their beliefs and practices; the progress of Islam and It has many clear compact statethe influence of exploration, science, commerce, and education in making a ments quite quotable-" A man's vonew Africa. Christianity and missions are touched on only incidentally. cation should be the chief manifesta- The Green Gods. .Tosephine Hope Wester- tion of his spiritual life."

velt. 12 mo. 140 pp. $1.50. New York. "The one great way of assuring the 1927. needed leadership for tomorrow is to Indo-China is not well known in make the Church of today what the American circles. This attractive story tells of life and adventure in Church at its best has always been- a center of attraction for the noblest and most heroic souls. " L. B. H.

Der Gegenwaertige Geisteskampf um Ost- a,sien. Theodor Devaranne. Leopold Klotz, Publisher. Gotha. Three Marks. 96 pp.

This very thoughtful book is the fruit' of a trip to the mission field of the Ostasien-Mission, of which the

author is a mission inspector. It is a "The Perfume of Prayer." A unique study from the double viewpoint of feature is the alliteration of the table comparative religion and theory of of contents.

missions. To express the purpose of The author does not shun such the book in the words of the author, topics as the philosophy of prayer and we would quote the following from his modern scientific doubts, but he does foreword: "It is the aim of Christian not give them much space. He is missions to assist the groups of Chris- writing for the everyday Christian tians that already exist in all Asiatic and trusts to positive Scriptural teach- countries, to create for themselves a ing to furnish the light which will Christianity of their own and rooted solve difficulties, and make prayer in their own soil. In how far the re- more enjoyable and profitable.

ligions of eastern Asia still possess The introduction by Dr. W. B. Riley vitality and in how far the events of of Minneapolis, and the carefully t~e present call out a 'quo vadis'? to chosen quotations which precede each Christian missions, that is the aim of chapter greatly enrich the book. At this book to set forth." the conclusion of his preface the The book is a very valuable con- author says, "If the reader will pray tribution to the efforts that are being over each chapter as it is read, openmade, more or less successfully to ac- ing wide the door of the heart so that quaint the West with the hereditary the Holy Spirit may make his throne viewpoints and backgrounds of the there, and at the same time pray for others who may also be reading this nations of the far East. c. T. B. book, a real circle of prayer will be The Potency of Prayer. A Handbook on created which will mean mighty things Prayer for the Everyday Christian. for God. Pray ye, therefore1" Thomas C. Horton. 192 pp. $1.75. New York. 1928. WM. S. MARQUIS.

Many books on prayer are coming Lutherisches Hissionsjahrbuoh fur das from the press. Many circles for Jahr 1928. Pfarrer Gerber, Missionsunited and intercessory prayer are be- Insp. in Leipzig. Leipzig. H. G. Walling organized. Manifestly there is a baum, Pub. quickened interest on this subject, This is the 41st Year-Book of the both within and without the Church. Saxon Mission Conference. It is a It is an ~mcouraging sign. worthy successor to those of former years. To one who would be informed This book, by the founder of the on the Mission Societies of Germany Bible Institute of Los Angeles, after in general and the Lutheran mission forty years of experience as a groups of the world in particular, preacher, pastor and teacher, has there is nothing to equal it. We would been prepared as "a handbook on not like to miss it from our reference prayer for the. everyday Christian." It is very positive in its teaching and library.

every teaching is supported by Scrip- Beside the current review of mis- ture quotations and references. It is sion events, which it presents every practical and has a wealth of facts to year, as well as the statistical and support the belief in prayer as a real bibliographical reviews, there are a help in life. It is also comprehensive, number of papers of current interest with twenty-six short chapters on the on the Lutheran work in the far East, principles, purpose, privilege, prom- and the discussion of several problems ises, price, power-in fact, all the which are of importance among the more important topics on the subject presentations at Jerusalem. These of prayer. The two last chapters deal points will elucidate the contents of with "The Premillennial Prayer," and this valuable year-book. c. T. B.

The Missionary Review of the World — October 1926

'737

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THE DISTIUBUTION OF MOSLEMS-A STA'l'ISTICAL TABLE …………. 7521 MISSIONARY SOCIETIES DOING SPECIAL WORK FOR MOHcAMMEDANS . .Insert THE RISE AND ]<'ALL OF ISLAM ……………………… JULIUS RICHTER 753 The .•tory of the ,growth and decadence of Mohammedan power in the Near East, J)y the weir-known German scholar and author. IMPORTANT HISTORICAL DATES~MOSLEM AND CHRISTIAN …… "… 759 'l'HE STRENGTl! AND WEAKNESS OF ISLAM ……… , …….. ,……. .. 760 MOSLEMS BREAKING AWAY FROM TRADITION . . . . . . . . . . JAMES L. BARTON 761 An interesting account of the chan,ges that are taking place in Moslem thought and practioo on aooount of the contacts with modern cimilieation.

MOHAMMEDAN BOYS AND GIRLS …………………… J. KINGSLEY BnwE 769 A former missionary in Smyrna tells of the training of Moslem boys and girls and the opportunities for Christian influence upon them.

vn:,ws MOSLEMS UNDER CHRISTIAN AND NON-CHRISTIAN RULERS………… 774 SOME MOSLEM! OF CHRISTIANITY ………………. If. E. PHlIilPS 775 The frank exprelfsions of Mohammeflans as to the shortcomings of Christianity ana why they do not becM"e Christians. A VISIT TO EL AZHAR UNIVERSITY ………….. ,., … _… J. E. SHEPHERD 780 HINDRANCES TO CHRISTIAN WORK FOR MOSLEMS ………. C. G. NAISH 781 A thoughtful study of some of tile reMons why 'Work for Mohammedans is so do.1fic·ult and produces such meager results.

THE CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO MOSLEMS ……………….. W. W. CASH 786 A practiool consideration of the most fruitful methods of presenting Christ to Mohammedans.

ISLAM'S GREATEST FAILURE ……………. STEPHEN VAN R. TROWBRIDGE 791 A presentation of the need of the children of M ohammedat! l"nd.. due to ihe failure of Islam to provide moral and spiritual training.

MOSLEM~,()ONVERTS 'TO CHRJSTIANITY …………… BISHOP J. H. LINTON 7!l3 A remarlffible Mcount of the conversions to Christianity through the 'Work of the.. Chureh Missionary Society in Persia during the last forty years.

YUSUF ATIYEH …………………………… _…….. W. G. GREENSLADR 798 The stm'Y of one of tile outstanding p'/,oitut,ts. of ,",ig..ions to Moslemlf in Syria. ….. .

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PILGRIMS AT MECCA, WORSHIPPING AT THEl

One hundred and ftrty thousand Mos]ems in the Haram Court gathered from every nation in the world of Islam

OCTOBER, 1926

XLIX TEN OUR MOHAMMEDAN NUMBER No APOLOGY is needed for devoting one whole issue of the REVIEW to a study of the world of Islam. The religion is over . 1,300 years old; it numbers among its adherents at least one seventh of the population of the earth; it is the prevailing religion in Turkey, Arabia, Syria, Persia, Afghanistan, Egypt, Tripoli, Tunis, A1geria and Morocco and has millions of adherents in Russia, Central Africa, Palestine, Turkestan, India, China, Malaysia and the Philippine Islands. Mohammedanism is an aggressive, missionary religion that is pressing on for the conquest of Africa and has its emissaries ill European countries, in North and South America and in the Islands of the Sea. Moslems are so devoted to their beliefs and practices that they resist all attempts to change their way of thinking and living and resent the work of Christian missions. They present one of the greatest tasks before the Church of Christ today.

For over five hundred years, Christian workers have been going into Moslem strongholds, seeking to win the followers of Mohammed to Christ. There have been many hardships and not a few martyrs among these missionaries, while the results have been meager.

In this number of the REVIEW will be found many facts and articles of great interest and value to every student of the subject. But many fine articles have been crowded out and will appear later: Islam and Western Ciyilization, by Basil lIathewR. From Mohammed to Christ, by Habib Yusufji. Christian Literature for Moslems, by M. T. Titus. A New Enterprise in Mesopotamia, by James Cantine.

Among the most valuable features of this issue are the suggestions given by Mrs. Oronk as to the Best Methods for teaching the textbooks and conducting mission study classes on the subject. In our September number will be found pictures of several costumes used bv )Iohammedans of various classes in different lands and a description of how to make them for pageants, plays and tableaux.

741

WHO WAS MOHAMMED?

I N ABOUT the year 570 A. D., Abdullah, the son of Abd ul Mut- talib, a merchant of Mecca, Arabia, went on a trading trip to Medina and died there. A few months later, his wife, Amina, gave birth to a boy whom she named Mohammed.

Arabia had been the resort of all kinds of religious fugitives–:- Star Worshipers, Zoroastrians, Jews and some Christians. Mecca had been a pagan center for centuries and the "Kaaba" was an Arabian pantheon with idols for every day in the year. Tribesmen came on annual pilgrimages to kiss the" Black Stone," to run around the Beit Allah (House of God) and to hang portions of their garments on sacred trees. Legends of all sorts clustered around the rocks, trees and springs of the desert.

In Arabia, Jews settled with their sacred scriptures, their Talwud, and rites; Christians brought their belief in Jesus, and one Arab queen and a king are mentioned as converts to Christianity. Mohammed thus came into contact with both Jews and Christians and at one time he had as a wife, Miriam, a Coptic Christian, who was the mother of his son Ibrahim.

In Mohammed's youth, a Christian army from Yemen attacked )[ecca and was defeated. While many of the Arabians rejected the old idolatry, they were not ready to accept Judaism or Christianity. 'fhe time seemed ripe for a new religious leadership. Mohammed's aristocratic standing, as a member of the ruling class of Mecca and as the son of an influential merchant, gave him prestige. He was taught by a chief man of the Koreish tribe to exercise power. He had natural ability amounting to genius, an attractive personality and an earnest view of life.

When Mohammed was six years of age, his mother died while on 11 journey to Medina and the boy was taken first by his grandfather and then by his uncle. 'When twelve years old, he went on a mercantile journey to Syria and met a Christian monk, Buhaira. Later he returned to Arabia and, like other lads, herded sheep and goats.

At twenty-five, he entered the service of a rich widow of Mecca, Khadija, whom he married. This gave him additional influence. About ten years later, he announced to his wife that he had been called to be a "prophet" and had received a vision in the Cave of Hira. Periods of mental disturbance followed, with other "visions." Then Mohammed began to preach but when he spoke against the idols of the Kaaba, hostility was aroused and persecution began. Nevertheless he gathered some followers. When persecution continued in Mecca, he fled in 622 A. D. to Medina where he had won some converts. 'rhis is the year one, Anno Hegirre, of the Mohammedan era.

Mohammed became not only the preacher and prophet, but a warrior and legislator. He built mosques and houses and raised an army. When Khadija died he contracted polygamous marriages in-

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

eluding one with the wife of his freed slave, an adopted son. He began to write letters to foreign kings inviting them to embrace Islam, collected an army of ten thousand men, attacked various strongholds and finally captured Mecca and destroyed its idols. Certain pagan ceremonies were, however, incorporated in Islam. In the year 631 A. D. he made final pilgrimage to Mecca in great state and I:oon after died. On his deathbed he prayed to God for pardon of his sins.

Mohammed is described as a man above average height, slender but of commanding presence, with a large head, piercing eyes, black hair and long bushy beard. He always walked rapidly and decision marked every movement. There is much diversity of opinion as to his character. Sir William Muir thinks that he was at first sincere and upright, believing in the so-called revelations, but that later he was intoxicated by success, used his power for selfish ends and deceived his followers as to the" revelations." The influence of his first wife, Khadija, was wholesome, but after her death he gave way to his passions. Only the later traditions claim for him sinlessness and superiority to Jesus. While only ninety-nine attributes of perfection are accredited to God, Mohammed is given by his followers two hundred and one titles to proclaim his glory. No Moslem prays to Mohammed but he is said to dwell in the highest heaven, several degrees above Jesus.

WHAT MOSLEMS BELIEVE I SLAM is described under two divisions-Imoo and Din-or "ar- ticles of faith" and" religious practices. " The six main articles of faith are: God, His angels, His books, His Prophet, His Day f)f Judgment and Predestination or Fate.

God. Allah is one, omnipotent and merci:l'ul. His character is impersonal. The Christian conception of a God of love is not understood but their idea of God's absolute authority involves despotism. Moslems believe in God over man but not with man or in man.

Angels. There are three species of spiritual beings-good angels, jinn and demons. Angels are created out of light and are endowed with life, speech and reason. Jinn or genii may be good or evil. They are created from fire and are greatly feared. (See the" Arabian Nights. ") Satan or IbUs is head of the evil jinn.

Books of God. Orthodox Moslems believe that God sent down one hundred and four sacred books. Adam received ten, Seth fifty, Enoch thirty, Abraham ten-all lost. The four books that remain are the Law (Torah), which came to Moses; the Psalms received by David; the Gospel (Injil) of Jesus; and the Koran, eternal and uncreated and revealed to Mohammed. Th,is last supersedes the other books.

The Koran (or Q'uran) is a little smaller than the New Testament, has vne hundred and fourteen chapters (or suras). It is not in chronological order and is a mixture of adoration,. prayers and imprecations, laws and legen~, facts and fancy. Much of it is unintelligible without a commentary.

It contains many historical and scientific errors, superstitions and unbelievable fables. It teaches perpetual slavery, polygamy, divorce, intolerance, degrada- tion of women and cruel bloodshed. It contains no doctrine of an atonement for sin. Prophets and Apostles. Mohammed referred to 124,000 prophets and 305 apostles. Six of the latter are major prophets-Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Mohammed-who supersedes and supplants them all: Moslems believe in Jesus as a prophet. The Koran says that he was miraculously conceived and born, spoke while a babe, performed miracles as a child, foretold Mohammed, was miraculously saved from crucifixion and is now in an inferior stage of celestial bliss.

Judgment. Awful terrors are portrayed for the judgment day when there will be a physical resurrection of aU the dead. The condemned will suffer unspeakable physical torture in a seven-fold hell. The blessed will enjoy indescribable physical pleasures in the" Garden of Delights."

Predestination is the most characteristic and far-reaching article of the Moslem creed. It affects everything in life. God wills both good and evil. There is no escape from His decree-it is fate (kismet). Religion is Islam (resignation). This fatalism paralyzes progress, initiative and social service.

WH.LT MOSLEMS PRACTICE IN RELIGION I T IS incumbent on all II true believers" to show their faith bv observing the five religious duties of Islam-the pillars or foun- dation of religion.

1. CONFESSION OF THE CREED. La-ilaha-iUa-'Uahu.; Mu.hammada-Rasulu.- 'allah ("There is no god but God; Mohammed is the apostle of God"). This is the watchword of Islam-inscribed on banners and doorposts, and on coins. It rings out from minarets, and is a cradle song and battle-cry.

2. PRAYER is the repetition of a formula and is the "Key to Paradise." After ceremonial purification men must face the Kaaba at Mecca and then kneel to pray five times a day (at dawn, high noon, two hours before sunset, at sunset and two hours after sunset). The prayers consist of short passages from the Koran containing praise, confession and petition for guidance.

3. FASTING. The chief month of fasting (Ramaean) is the ninth mouth of the Moslem year. During fast no one must drink a drop of water or take a morsel of food, smoke, bathe, smell a flower, or take medicine from sunrise to sunset. The whole night is, however, spent in feasting and other indulgence. Infants, idiots, the sick and the aged are exempt.

4. ALMS. These were formerly collected by a religious tax-gatherer. One fortieth of a man's total income is the usual rate. Hospitality is also a religious duty.

5. PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA. 'fhis annual pilgrimage is one of the strongest bonds of Islam and is a great missionary agency. It draws the Moslem world together and scatters the lnfiuence over Asia and Africa. The number who make the pilgrimage varies from 50,000 to 100,000 a year. Pilgrims, arrived in Mecca, pel'form ahlutions, visit lite lllosqne, l;:is~ nIP Black Rtone, rUIl around the Kaaba seven tillles, 01l'er, a prayer, drink water from the well of Zeru Zem and again kiss the Black StOlle. Finally, after throwing three stones at "the Great Devil" (stones at lIina) , they sacrifice a sheep or other animal.

Other t"eligious practices include circumcision, observance of sacred feasts, and jihad 01' taking part in religious wars against infidels. MOSLEM WORLD ATLANTIC INDIAN r/J;} 0 CEAN ….. …………………………………………

FROM "THE MOSLEM WORLD IN REVOLUTION" BY ·W. W. CASH The Islamic World and Missions Today BY REV. SAMUEI, M. ZWEMER, D.D., LL.D., CAIRO Editor of The Moslem World; Author of "The Disintegration of Islam," Etc., Etc.

W HAT is Islam? It is at once the great "surrender" and the great denial-the surrender of millions of human hearts and lives for thirteen long centuries to the obedience of Mohammed, the Arabian, and the blinding of those hearts and lives to the. light of the knowledge of God's glory as revealed in Jesus Christ. "Mohammed," says G. K. Chesterton, "did not, like the Magi, find a new star; he saw through his own particular window a glimpse of the great grey field of the ancient starlight."

When we say that a country contains so many Moslems, we really mean that it contains so many. monotheists, – not monotheists with the ethics of Moses but with those that are in most respects far inferior. There is not one cardinal truth in the Christian's creed about Christ that is not hidden, distorted or denied by Islam. To Mohammed, the teaching that God has a Son and that He died on the cross for human Sill aud If'ft an empty grave to ascend on high, seems blasphemy-a blasphemy that might shake the world.

Here we have at once the necessity for and the difficulty of missions to Moslems. All the arguments employed for missions to the Jews apply with double force to the Moslems. Their number is twenty-fold that of the Jews; the witness to the Messiah is less clear 745 and less glorious in the Koran than in Isaiah; the children of Isaac are on a higher intellectual, social and moral plane everywhere than are the children of Ishmael. If the Gospel of Christ is intended for all the world it is also intended for the world of Islam. That world was never so extensive, so restless, so conscious of itself as it is today. The Mussalman of Calcutta recently printed the following letter from the "Director of the Islamic News Service," London: At this period, entering upon a New Year, it behooves us all to look around and see the position of Islam in the West. When, twenty-three years ago, I embraced Islam, I did 80 standing practically alone. Today, what a difference there is. In England, the Islamic community of Britishers is 3,000. Three journals circulate here-The Islamic World, The Isll1!mic Review and the Review of Religions. All this has happened in a short space of time. In France, a country which I visit every month, there is the magnificent Mosque almost completed in Paris, with a strong Islamic population, and many French people who have accepted "the Faith most excellent." The French Society (of which I am representative in Great Britain) is named the "Fra- ternite Musulmane," and is a very strong body and active. In Germany, there is a MOsque in Berlin, with a number of Germans who are Muslims. In America, there is a Mosque in Chicago, and I was recently honoured by being asked to visit the Chicago University to speak on "Islamic History." In the Argentine Republic, there is a very influential Muslim population, with an Arabic journal El Argentino. Brazil counts thousands of Muslims. In Hol- land and Belgium, there are nationals of those countries who came to Islam. In Hungary, there is a strong community with some illustrious names. Those who prophesied the decline of Islam have seen their predictions falsi- fied, for Islam is gaining ground throughout the world. In Australia, there are, today, upwards of twenty Mosques. South Africa reckons numbers where sometime ago none existed. This is the present picture and, I venture to think, is a source of gratification to Muslims when one considers that Christianity with its millions of pounds, thousands of missionaries, books without number, and free distribution of thousands of Bibles, can make but little headway abroad, whilst, in countries nominally Christian, the bulk of -the people never enter a church. We must not relax our· efforts in any way, for it seems that a new missionary campaign is in the air. Muslims! it is our duty to present to the whole world the imperishable truth given to hu- manity in the glorious pages of that imperishable book, the Holy Koran. Islam ()fi'ers to a world torn by dissension and false doctrines, the one Path of Peace. Today, when a weary world seeks consolation, it is Islam and Islam alone that can guide a stricken humanity. Muslims! be up and doing, and bring to the Light those who are now groping in darkness.

This letter challenges thought and proves that Islam has a world program which Christendom cannot ignore. What are the present factors in the missionary problem1 I .. Extent and N1l!mbers. Statistics are dry and often bewild- ering, yet it is only by statistics that we can measure the present expansion of a religion which began in the sixth century with a minority of one man who claimed to be God's last messenger.

Today the number of those who profess and call themselves Mohammedans is nearly two hundred and thirty-five million. In

THE ISLAMIC WORLD AND MISSIONS TODAY'

southeastern Europe (omitting the scattered groups of Britain and j<-'rance as negligible in number, but not in their influence) there are three and a half million. They are found chiefly in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece and Montenegro. Add to these a little over fifteen millions in European and Asiatic Russia and nearly two hundred thousand in South America (chiefly Brazil and Guiana).

Pass to the two great continents and the island world where Islam has made its conquests. In ~Urica there are nearly fifty million followers of the Arabian prophet and they are found everywhere except in the southwestern portion of the continent. In the Belgian and French Congo, Liberia, Mozambique, Somaliland; around the Lakes and Zanzibar and in Madagascar, on the west coast in Senegal, Guinea, Dahomey; in Uganda, Abyssinia, Kenya, Tanganyika; in Sierra Leone and the Gold Coast, Togoland and the 1'U.ll1c.u. PlSt1llJlV110N OF MOCUM5 £1:R'GtJ1mCDI!TKIIIUTI(lN OF lIIosu:11S Cameroons; nearly eleven millio1l in Nigeria and last but not least the solid belt of Moslem comitries on the north, Egypt, the Sudan, 'rripoli, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco.

In Asia every country has its Moslem problem except Japan and Korea. In China there are about nine millions; in the Philippine Islands nearly six hundred thousand; in the Dutch East Indies over thirty-six millions; India has the largest Moslem population of any mission field in the world-over sixty-nine million. In Bengal province alone there are twenty-five million Moslems. Western and central Asia are almost wholly Mohammedan and here there are still great unoccupied fields that challenge pioneer effort. Shrouded in mystery and hidden behind the Himalaya ranges Afghanistan touches Russia, India, Persia and China–a land full of political significance and strategic position with a strong and virile people, yet without a witness for Christ. The few and far-scattered mission stations in Central Asia are like little candles burning in the night of Islam-Bokhara, Kashgar, Yarkand, Urumtsi-who even remembers

them in prayed In Arabia, Persia, Turkestan, Iraq, Palestine, Syria and Turkey the social, intellectual and religious outlook of the population was for long centuries through the window of Islam-and the window was barred.

II. The Hour Is Ripe. A new day has arrived, a day of opportunity and responsibility. The dawn "came up like' thunder" during the World War which shook the House of Islam to its very foundations. The Moslem world is in revolution. The fountains of its great deep have broken up. From within and from without mighty forces, often contrary and seldom under control, are striving for supremacy. Politically, the old world of Islam with its caliphate and arrogant Moslem law, its rigid social code, its slavery trade and slavery is gone. Nearly everywhere the doors of access have been torn off their hinges or nailed open. Four fifths of the vast populations mentioned above are encreasingly accessible to every method of missionary approach.

This is true, for example, of all British India, the Dutch East Indies, Persia, Mesopotamia, China, the Balkans, the whole of North Africa and Central, East and West Africa with the possible exception of Northern Nigeria. Even there and in Central Arabia and Afghanistan the hinges are creaking and hands from within are fumbling at the lock. A half century ago missionaries died in some of these lands hammering at closed doors, and the Church despaired of entrance. Today, there is overwhelming evidence that the hour is ripe for evangelism. The highways for the Gospel are preparing. Thousands of'miles of railways and motor roads have been built in Africa and Asia within two decades. The distance between Baghdad and Damascus, the old caliph cities, can be covered in nineteen hours by motor. Aeroplanes carry the mails across pathless deserts. Persia and Morocco are building highways; Abyssinia's capital is a railway terminus. Moslems formerly travelled to one center, Mecca. Now they are travelling everywhere. Thousands find their way to Paris and other European capitals. The press, the cinema and the highly colored advertising boards in every city are highways into the minds of the masses and create a thousand points of contact with Western civilization. All this tends to disintegrate the old IslaIUic standards and ideals. Education has become the first demand of nationalists in their effort at reform. Literacy in India and Egypt is markedly increasing. The Moslem press was never so active as it is today. In social reform, it is often the ally of Christianity; this iR espeeinlly tnw in eomhating the evils of the liquor trnffic. In Turkey and Egypt women are leading a new movement of emancipation. They are discarding the veil and demand monogamy. They seek to abolish the Islamic law by which by repetition of a. mere formula divorce if! possible.

All these currents of thought and life are rising as a tide against

J9~Gl THE ISLAMIC WORLD A:D MISSIO:S TODAY

Islam with its ancient tradition of a Church-State and undermining its very foundations. A new Islam has arisen among the educated classes which, in various forms, at ""Voking, Lahore, Aligarh, Angora and Cairo, is in open rebellion against ancient tradition. These Mos- lems are "open-minded enough to violate Koranic law and independ- ent enough to tread the road of progress rather than be fettered by seventh-century. religious legislation."

There are, it is true, reactions. The old Islam dies hard and the warlike spirit of fanaticism needs only a leader and an appeal based on real or imagined injustice to be inflamed. Nevertheless, the out- standing fact is that the world of Islam is "on trek." Their souls 'will find no true rest until they rest in Christ. Reports that come from every land indicate, in the words of the .Jerusalem Confer- ence, "a new willing'ness to hear the Gospel message, and much less antagonism than in former days.

'1'he number of inquiries is increas- ing everywhere, and public bap- tisms are not only possible but more frequent among the educated classes, especially the young men.

Some have lost their moorings and are adrift on a sea of unbelief; with others there is an eager and intelligent spirit of inquiry in re- gard to religion. Now is the su- THJ<J MOSQVE AT WOKING, SURREY preme opportunity for vinning A~7t~r: f~~n aJ~~~)ty~:~doi"~I~i~~m(i~po~~:~~i~~) these future leaders for Christ."

III. The Unfinished Task. Of Moslem lands and peoples it may be said what is recorded of the Greek widows: "They are neg- lected in the daily ministration." The unoccupied fields of the world are largely Mohammedan lands. I know of no missionary working among the two hundred thousand Mohammedans of South America, nor among the eight hundred and thirty thousand of Albania, nor is there a single Protestant society at work among the fifteen million :Moslems of Russia. A map of the mission stations in Africa indi- cates at a glance that pagan Africa is largely occupied, but Moslem Africa still has vast areas of population without a witness for Christ.

Abyssinia has two million Mohammedans and in the French Congo there are five million seven hundred thousand. It is no exaggeration to say that in both of these regions there is scarcely one worker spe- cially qualified or designated to carry the Gospel to these Moslem

millions. The missionary forces in Morocco are utterly inadequate for the needs of its more than five million people. The same is true of Northern Nigeria, the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and Tanganiyka.

In Asia, the Mohammedans of Ohina and India are an outstand- ing problem because of their long neglect on the part of the Ohurch of Jesus Ohrist. In a series of conferences held in 1924, it was the unanimous judgment of leading missionaries that Moslem India is in a very real sense an unoccupied field. Little special work for Moslems is carried on although there are sixty-nine million of them. rrhere are large cities like Bombay, Lucknow, Delhi and Lahore, where formerly there was special effort to win Moslems, but where now there are few missionaries wholly devoted to this task.

While there are more than five thousand missionaries in India, the number of these who are specially prepared and set apart for the evangelization of Moslems is pitifully small.

Though, on the other hand, it may be said that there are many places whe~e missionaries are giving part of their time to Moslems, yet, even when one considers all this, it is still clear that there is such a serious lack of attention being given to the Moslem problem in proportion to its importance that its adequate consideration by all missions in India is urgently required.

The most tragic chapter in the elaborate survey prepared a few years ago on f'The Ohristian Occupation of Ohina" is that which deals 'with the neglected Mohammedans. A number of centers are pointed out where work should be begun: Peking, Tientsin, Nanking, Tsinau, Kaifeng, Sianfu, Chengtu, Yunnanfu, Oanton, Kweilin, Lanchowfu, Kirin, Moukden and Kweihwating. Yet today there is scarcely a missionary devoting himself entirely to this important element in the population. In China, the Moslems are more friendly than perhaps in any other land and the opportunity through medical missions and translation and distribution of literature is a challenge to the Ohinese Ohurch and the churches of Ohristendom.

Arabia, the cradle of Islam, still has great provinces without a witness for Christ: Nejd, Asir, the hill country of Yemen, the whole of Hadramaut, the Northern Bedouin tribes and the holy land of the Hejaz. What has proved possible in East Arabia through pioneer effort on the Persian Gulf is possible today for every part of the peninsula. Where are the men and women who will occupy these fields 1 IV. Signs of the Harvest. Generally speaking, many of these Moslem lands have proved barren soil after more than half a century of missionary effort; with the exception of India and the East Indies, where there are thousands of converts and hundreds of baptisms every yea'r. The great dark belt of solid Islamic empire from Morocco to Turkestan does not yet yield a large harvest of souls.

In Arabia, the faithful fishermen have labored the long night of

THE ISLAMIC WORLD AND MISSIONS TODAY

thirty-five years-how oft they toiled in the rowing and the wind was contrary! The total number of converts after all these years was less, than the number of the years of waiting. But the tide has turned at last. There have been public baptisms and men and women who forsook all for Ohrist are preaching His cross to others. We saw twenty-two adults baptized publicly at Isfahan on July 4th, this year. All were bold to confess the Ohrist. According to Doctor Robert E. Speer, Persia is today "the most open door to Islam." Mirza Ibra- him who died by torture in the dungeon at Tabriz in 1890 witnessed a good confession: "One night when he witnessed for Ohrist to his fellow-prisoners, they fell upon him, kicked him, and took turns choking him. His throat swelled so that he could scarcely swallow or speak, and, on Sunday, May 14, 1893, he died from his injuries. When the Orown Prince was informed of his death, he asked, 'How did he die~' And the jailor answered, 'He died like a Ohristian.' "

The blood of such has been the seed of the Ohurch. "Twenty years ago," said Kasha Moorhatch, "it was impossible for a Moslem to shake hands with a Ohristian, but now, not only do they shake hands, but, like Orientals, they quite often kiss each other. Then it was a death penalty for a Ohristian to speak before Moslem fanatics about the divinity of Ohrist, but now, if a Ohristian is well informed in language and intelligent in speech, he can say openly that Ohrist is God-Man, the only Mediator, outside of Whom all else are sinners incapable of mediatorship. Then it was impossible to sit with Moslems at one table, but today, among the higher classes, it is very common and free. Twenty years ago it was dangerous to preach in one of the Moslem languages in the presence of Moslems, but today any intelligent man who knows the language can speak about the Trinity, the Atonement, the New Birth, and can openly condemn Islam as a religion of pure formalism. " This testimony is true. The tactful presentation of the old Gospel story meets with response everywhere in Persia.

In every mission station in Persia there are growing groups of believers who witness the good confession. As a woman in Teheran put it, "The ground has been broken up and softened by the rain and is open for the seed. The old days of the hard closed soil are passed." Everywhere the sower goes forth to sow. The Bible Societies have doubled their circulation in Bible lands in recent years. During the past two years hundreds of gospels have found willing hands to accept them even in the old Mohammedan Al Azhar University. A Bible I presented to their ancient library in 1916 was being read there during Ramadhan this year.

. In Abyssinia there has been a movement toward Ohristianity on the part of Mohammedans led by Sheikh Zakariya, resulting in over six thousand forsaking Islam and becoming Bible Ohristians. Every-

where there are groups of inquirers and ill many places hundreds of secret disciples. It was an inspiration in 1922 to visit large churches in Java and Sumatra entirely composed of converts from Islam-a total of some forty thousand. In Bengal there are said to be sixteen thousand Moslem converts in the Church of Christ.

A few months ago I spoke to a Bible class of one hundred and thirty young men and boys at Omdurman (Egyptian Sudan), all of them Mohammedans by birth. My theme was the friendship of Paul with Jesus Christ. This I said had three stages: to know Him historically, to know Him as a living Person in His resurrection power, and to know something of the fellowship of His suffering. Under the very shadow of the old ruined tomb of the Khalifa these sons and grandsons of the warriors that fought for Islam with fire and sword listened to my challenge to accept Christ and follow Him in the battle for the Truth and for Purity-if need be to die for Him. And their black eyes flashed back a message of "~We are ready" that I shall never forget. Some are now awaiting baptism. "Say ye not yet four months and then cometh the harvest f Behold I say unto you lift up your eyes and look on the fields that they are white already unto harvest."

. Where are the reapers 1 That is the missionary problem today in the world of Islam. Who will go and who will sendf SURVEY OF THE MOSLEM WORLD North America ……………………………… . ]ins/mn Proportion Populations to Total Central and South America ……………….. . Australia ……… ~ …. ~ . . . . . 11,000 1 in 10,1)(j1) 174 RG1 1 in 500 1 in 1,400 Polynesia ……… . …….. . 25;000 15,000 1 in 70 Europe * ……………… . 7,058,949 2 jn 5 Africa 4,0.00,000 1 in 6 1,764,000 1 in 3 Abyssinia ……………………………. . 11),.'585,990 1 h1 10 11 in 12 Belgian Congo …………………………….. . 626,000 11,658,148 2 in :l British Africa …………………………….. . 24,858,204 1 in 4 5 :in 6 British African manaat"s ……………………. . 750,000 1 in UI 1,549,000 6 in 7 Egypt …………………………………… . 230,000 Total Freneh Afriea …………………………….. . ;'94,500 Total 382,:;00 2 in 9 Freneh African mandates ……………………. . 8 in 9 12,000,000 1 in 4;; Italian Afriea ……………………………. . 10,000,000 3 in 4 71,245,772 1 jn 70 Portuguese Africa ………………………….. . 3,411,590 49 in 1)0 9,136,000 1 in 3 Spanish Africa …………. . ……….. . 36,000,000 8 in 9 1 in 15 Other Count.ries … . …………………. . 341,860 9,350,000 Asia 10,200,000 8,35'O,O()0 Afghanistan ……… . 1,246,O()O Arabia ………. .

British Asia …………… .

Brit.ish Asian manda t.es …… .

China and Dependenl'i,'" …………………. .

Dutch East Indies ……………………… .

Freneh Asia ………………………………. .

Persia …………………………………… .

Russian Asia …………………………… . ..

Turkey ………………………………….. .

Other Countries …………………………… .

Total Moslem Population …………… . 240,56,2,864 1 in 7 ,., Chiefly in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, C'7-f'eho-Slovakia, YugowSlavia, Rumania and Russia.

Societies Doing Special Work for

Societies Fields Moslem Population Iw_oTkers among Moslemsi Types of Work Results Reported , CANADA 15,000 families 3 part time IlEv., ed., med. 10,000,000 25 Few converts; 1 evang.; severe persecution. United Church of Canada …………… . China-Honan (North) Evangelistic Slight; signs encouraging. Sudan Interior Mission …………….. . French Sudan, Nigeria 1 103 I 1 UNITED STATES I Assists Societies Ed., med., ev., social I American Board of Commissioners …….. Turkey, Syria, Greece I'~ ,.o.o.o:~~~ ..(~Urkey) I· .. ·…. ·.. · Literature I American Christian Lit. Soc. for Moslems .. Moslems in all lands ]2,000,000 ………… Educational American University at Cairo ………… Egypt 2 ~ecognition of friendliness; study of Jesus 10 i Evangelistic by few enquirers. Christian and Missionary Alliance …….. Palestine, China I (India) 5 Just started Church of the Brethren ……………… IIndia (Bombay Pres.), lEV., ed. Many enquirers. Nigeria iAb~~t' '30,000 •••••••• 0 ••• Ev., ed., med. 1 convert in 6 years; 'characters influenced; ,Ev., ed., med. Churches of God ………………….. ·IIndia (:o:o:o:~~~: ::: 0 ••••••••••• JEv., ed., med. occasional conversions. Ev., med., lit., etc. Lutheran Orient Mission Society ………. /Kurdistan 300 Ev., ed., med. About 100 converts. Methodist Episcopal Board F. M. . ……. India, Malaysia, Africa 241 150 converts in Egypt; some adult baptisms Methodist Episcopal (Women) ……….. Africa, India, China I::::::::::: : in Sudan; some from Sweeper class and Presbyterian Church, U. S. A…………. iPersia, India, Syria, Irak high castes in India.

United Presbyterian Chureh ………….. India, Sudan, Egypt COOO,OOO Few. Hostility overcome; Arabia opened; 6 bap- Protestant Episcopal Church in U. S. A… Philippir:es, China, Liberia 3 (2 more in prospect) iEd., med. Reformed Church in America ………… Arabia, Mesopotamia tized in last 2 years. 8,000,000 42 'Ev., ed., med. No conversions. Reformed Church in U. S……………. Mesopotamia 3 E~ United Lutheran Church …………….. India 185,000 1 whole, 1 part time, 1 Ev., ed.

ENGLAND preparing Bible Lands Missions Aid Society …….. Near East ……….. . Assists missions Church Missionary Society …………… Nigeria, W. Africa; Egypt, Su- ]05,0'00,000 Approximately 364 (in- Ev., ed., med., lit.

dan, Palestine, Persia, India cluding wives) Church of England Zenana M. S. ……… India ……….. . 10 whole, 35 part time Ev., ed., med. . ………. . ………… lEv., ed. ' ……….. . Egypt General Mission ……………… Egypt 10,000,000 Friends Foreign Mission. " ………. " ., India, Near East 65,000 (India) 2 Ev. in India, lit. in Near EastjNot tabulated. Jerusalem and East Mission …………. Palestine, Syria, Cyprus ……….. . 15 Ed. mainly, med. and lit. started Increased number of enquirers.

Nile Mission Press …………………. Arabic-speaking world 100,000,000 5 foreign, 51 native Literature Some conversions; much general influence.

North Africa Mission ………………. Morocco,Mgeria,Tunisia,Tripoli 17,000,000 77 Ev., med., indus. :……….. .

West Indian Mission to West Africa (Pon- 10 IIEv., I'd. IIndefinite; increase of interest. gas Mission) ……………………. French Guinea, W. Africa 5 Evangelistic ……….. . Worldwide Evangelisation Crusade …… , . Arabia, Afghanistan SCOTLAND I…. ·…… · 7 IMed., ev. Inquirers. Scattered converts. Edinburgh Medical M. S…………….. Syria, Palestine 6,000,000 26 foreign, 8 native ,Ev., ed., med. ,Converts in India; no results appt. in Arabia. Southern Morocco Mission …………… Southern Morocco United Free Church of Scotland ………. Arabia, India, Africa 4 whole, others part time 1Ev., ed., med. !

THE CONTINENT II~~~n~~{is~~d. i Bethel Mission (Germany) ………….. E. Africa 50,000 ~ :~~r:e~~~: :2:0: native IE~~;;g~l;~ti~ . i~ :~~~~~r:t; ~ : :10 catechumens.

Danish Mission ……………………. Arabia 1 lEV., ed., med. IEncouraging. 2 1300 Christians, forced into Islam during the Evangelical Swedish Mission …………. Somaliland, Abyssinia war, return to Christian Church. German Baptists …………………… R,ussia, South 200,000 (~) Mohammedans who accept Gospel sent to German Orient Mission ……………… IBulgaria, Persia, Turkey, Syria ……….. . mission schools. 2,995 baptized up to close of 1925; 207 Karmel Mission …………………… Palestine 50,000 11 Ev., ed., med. baptized last year; 166 under instruction. Neukirchen Mission Institute ………… Java 7,000,000 15 missionaries, 11 wives, I· Ev., ed., med. I 5 doctors, 18 unmarried ~~~!~~s: ~~~~ents treated in hospitals and lady missionaries 2,000 converts. Rhenish-Westphalian Deaconesses' Society. Jerusalem, Cairo :::::::::::: I~~~i.C~~ .. . .. 16,000 converts. 7,000 converts. Rhenish Missionary Society ………….. East Indies 7,000,000 9 :Ev., ed., med. 4,000 converts. Mennonite Union ………………….. Java, Sumatra 7,000,000 Netherlands Missionary Society ………. E. Java 8,000,000 18 I· Ev., I'd., med. 1 enquirer in China; work in India new. Netherlands Missionary Union ……….. W. Java 15 Ev., ed., med. 76 church members; growing interest. Reformed Church in Netherlands ……… Java 28,500 (China) 150 Ev., ed., med. 150 converts. Utrecht Mission Union ……………… New Guinea 3 Swedish Alliance Mission ……………. North China, India About 1,000,000 1 in India IE·v·.· i~ 'I~di;, lit. in China (Over) Swedish Missionary Society ………….. E. Turkestan Women Missionary Workers (Swedish) .. , N. Africa, India 24 lEV., ed., med. 6 Ev., ed., med. Societies Fields Moslem Population [work ,rs arnong Moslems[ Types of Work I Results Reported i AFRICA ;8,000,000 30 I IDeSire for SCl'iptures and Christian litera- Algiers Mission Band ………………. Algeria, Tunisia lEV., lit. I ture; homes opened; classes for children.

Swedish Mission …………………… jEgypt_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i_._.._._._._._._._.._._____'-1_5_ !,Ev., ed., social ISeveral confessions.

Protestant Missionary Societies Doing Work Incidentally for Moslems Soeieties Fields Workers Touch'g Moslern.. 1 Kinds of Work Results Reported . CANADA I. , I Umted Church of Canada ……………..Central I n d t a A l l in contact IMed., ed. and zenana Not many open conversiolls.

UNIT~D Amer~.can I …, .1 BI•b~e S~cIetyST.A. .T:ES. . . …. …. … East, . Bibles and colportage N e3;r Phlhppllles, Sudan, ArabIa; ……….. I A~erlcan Umve~sI~y of BeIrut ……….. SYrIa ! ……….. . 1190 teachers and assists., Educational 'About 500 Moslem students a year. Chma Inland MISSIOn ………………. China 126 iEv. and med. ! Slow; promising. I Evangelical Synod of N. A. . ………… Central India ……….. . , Good results in Palestine; little in Kenya Colony. American Friends ………………….. Palestine, E. Africa 123 IE~·.; ·e'r1.; ·~~d.. social Augustana Synod ………………….. China, Tanganyika (Africa) ……….. . I ………. .. National Baptist Convention …………. [Liberia i……….. . [, :::::::::: ' Seventh Day Baptist M. S……………. China, Java, West Indies ……….. .

Bible Lands Gospel Mission …………. Syria, Palestine I …•…….. ! ……….. .

Methodist Episcopal Board F. M…….. 'IN. Africa, Europe, India, Malaysia'I' i China 6 or 8 t Ev., ed., med. Interest awakened. I" …….. . Norwegian M. S. (American) ………… Camerouns t •••••••••••• ,……….. .

Reformed Presbyterian Church in N. A… , :Asia Minor, Syria, Island of Cyprus'8 ,Ev., ed., med.

Scandinavian Alliance ………….. '" . ·IIndia IEvangelistic Southern Baptist Convention …………. [Nigeria, Palestine, Syria 34 "Ev., ed., med. 16,284 members.

United Brethren in Christ …………… Sierra Leone ……….. . ',Ev., ed., med.

United ,christian M. S………………. ,China, Java, West Indies I •••••••••••• IE~·.,· ~~d" i~ 'Africa; ev., I' S~~~ ~~;'~~~~ions. Vesleyan Methodist Connection ………. IIndia, Sierra Leone 118 I 1 , ed. in India (Med., ed., indus., zenanal ………. .. Woman 's Union Missionary Society ….. '1 United Provinces (India) I'" stations World's Sunday School Association ……. Egypt, Syria, Palestine 13 , and orphanage iIi,creased attendance, especially in Egypt and Sudan. Ev., ed.

Young Men's Christian Asso()iation ….. 'iEgyPt, Palestine, Syria, Turkey,I .

Persia, Irak, India I………. .. :Ed., soc., lit. I.. · .. · .. · .. · ENGLAND I1 …. · ….. .. .1 Bibles and colportage i…… · .. •.. British and Foreign Bible Society ……. . All Moslem lands Plan to make work for Christian Lit. Soc. for India and Africa .. India, Africa London Missionary Society …………. . India, Africa Moslems part of 5-year campaign Presbyterian Church of England ………. Malaysia, India men and women Ev., ed., med. Results disappointing. 'jIE.L'·Iv't·.a.·.n·':·'ue·.lpi'ps·.tl~·'Ce·'d·' to Churell Some converts. I SRaelgviaotnisonBAe,yromnyd .M.i.s.s.io.n………………. India, .Java, China, W. Africa .. .. .. .. .. …… ,. … . ……….. . Scripture Gift Mission ……………… Moslem lands ……….. . S. P. C. Knowledge ………………… China, Africa, India Soc. for Propagation of Gospel ………. ,1India 1 in training of England missions …. , …… . Sudan United Mission ……………… 'Nigeria, French Equatorial Africa; ………… Few conversions; Government oppos",d. i Ey., ed., med. Anglo-Egyptian S u d a n , Recently decided to app(,int 2 missionaries for special Moslem work. _Wesleyan Methodist ……………….. . India, W. Africa I Some conversions in India. Wesleyan Methodist, Women's Auxiliary .. India, Ceylon I' . . . . . . . . . . . 'I ……….. . . . . . •. . . . ••• iEv., ed., med.

~~~k~l:~ ~~;d cOI,II,s~;.ipt~·r~· di~tribution SCOrrLA:-'D Church of Scotland ……………….. . National Bible Society …………….. . Punjab (India) Palestine, 1 i Increased interest. India, China, Syria, Egypt 15 . native ………. ..

Original Secession Chnrch of Scotland …. jCentral Provinces (India) i ..p..o.rt.e.r.s. . .. I.. · .. · .. · .. · , THE CONTI;;E:-'T 1 Berlin Missionary Society …………… is. and E. Africa, China [lEV. and educational In villages where there are Christian schools, Mohammedans try to Evangelical Lutheran (Leipzig) ………. India, Africa I found Islamic schools. Jerusalem Union (Germany) ………… Palestine Netherlands Bible Society …………… East Indies k ,Evangelistic Some conversions. Orebro MissiOl~ary S?ci.ety (Sweden) ….. ~ndia, French Equatorial Africa Work among Arabic-speaking people. Basel Evangebcal MISSIOn …………… So. Borneo, W. Africa I foreign and 13 nativ~ Ev. and educational ') Translate Bible ……….. .

119 in India : lEv., ed., med., orphanagesFeW converts; seeking to stop spread of Islam in Africa.

) ………. .. ,,Ev., literature fSome conversions.

Rise and Fall of

BY PROl<'EI'HO/1 ,JUl,IUS 1<'. lUCI!'l'ER, BEItLIN, UEHMANY Author of j' l'l"ot,(-stallt IVlissiollS in the Near J!Jast,}' etc., etc, I SLAM is one of the gigantic facts of history. It is the more fas- , cinating as it is one of the rare developments of equal dim~nsion which has gone on from its beginning to the present day in the full light of history. There was the prophet at Mecca infusing a burn- ing enthusiasm into the hearts and minds of his followers. There was the unheard of series of victories in the West and the East by which in the course of a single century an empire was equal, if not superior to the old Roman Empire. When the vital power of one nation seemed to be exhausted, another nation was at hand ready to lift again the sinking banner and to lead on to new victories, Even such terrible tragedies as the barbarous onslaughts of the Mongol hordes under Jengiskhan and Hulagu stopped only for a short time this brilliant career, or only seemed to change the scene of action. The history of the victorious march of the Arab armies from Medina to Poitiers and Tours, the foundation of the Mogul Empire in India and the rule of its first three or four emperors, the conquest of the Balkan and of the Danube countries up to Vienna, belong to the most brilliant chapters of history.

But it was not only an external history of bloody battles and ruined towns, it was to a great extent, also, a chapter of cultural development. The creation of the Moslem science of theology and of laws, within the short period of scarcely four hundred years, was an achievement in some ways comparable to the development of the Christian dogma from St. Paul to St. Augustine. In Islam, too, at the end of the creative period, there stands one of the really great men of history, Al Ghazali, who is the comprehensive mind closing the first and opening the second period of the spiritual evolution of the Moslem mind. We must not look at these events from the standpoint of the irreparable losses of the Christian Church, or of the failure of the crusades as a hopeless attempt to crush the dreaded enemy, '01' the most astounding growth of an anti-Christian heresy. Such points of view will bias us against the greatness of Moslem achievements.

After these glorious beginings, what does history teach 1 Slow yet irresistible disintegration, tumbling down with increasing speed from a unique height of power and splendor-and a terrible fall. The description we give in the following paragraphs represents only one side of the tragedy, but other articles will supplement this so that we think it worth while to concentrate attention on this catastrophe, one of the most arresting chapters that have passed before our eyes during the last decade and a half.

753 2

THE INTERIOR OF THE FAMOUS MOSQUE OF SANCTA SOPHIA IN CONSTANTINOPLE ThIs was hunt by the Emperor Justinian in 532 as a Christian Church. Its pillars, on the side (first floor) were taken trOll) the temple of Diana at Epbe~us. After the capture of Constantinople by the Turks In 1463, It was turned into a. mOSQue. The large dlt.ks display the Dames ot Mohammedan saints. .When will the mosque again become a chUrch?

THE RISE AND FALL OF ISLAM

Through many a long year, Islam has experienced a succession of reverses. These began in Western Europe. Since the victory of Charles Martel at Poitiers, the flood of Mohammedanism has receded; one part of Spain after the other, Lower Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, and the Balearic Isles, were freed from the yoke. It was a hard $truggle, lasting several centuries. At the beginning of the fourteenth century, the greater part of Eastern Europe was under Mohammedan sway. But then carne a reaction. The Russians fought against the Moslems, and, in the course of the struggle, which lasted some hundreds of years, they became experts in the art of war and in the subtleties of diplomacy. The absorption by Russia .of territories, that were formerly Mohammedan, continued throughout the nineteenth century. In 1800 Georgia, and in 1828, 1829, and 1878, parts of Armenia were annexed, while from 1844 to 1887 the Trans-Caspian territory and Turkestan, the ancestral homes of the Turks in Asia, were subjugated. A third series of Mohammedan reverses dates from 1683, when John Sobieski raised the siege of Vienna.> The Austrians gradually gaining courage, after struggles that lasted several decades, succeeded in driving the Turks back from the Leitha across the Danube, and regained possession of Hungary.

In the nineteenth century, a fourth movement has taken place, whereby the power of Islam has been still further curtailed. The "Sick Man on the Bosporus" had to suffer the amputation of one limb of his unwieldy body after the other. Provinces have either been made into independent kingdoms, or have been placed under the protection of European powers. Thus, in 1829, the Turkish Empire lost Greece and Servia, in 1830 Algeria, in 1858 Rumania, in 1878 Cyprus, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Montenegro and Bulgaria, in 1882 Egypt and Tunis, and in 1898 the Island of Crete. In 1911, the Ohristian Balkan states wrested by far the greater part of Turkeyin-Europe from the Ottoman Empire. In 1912, Italy annexed Tripolitania. The World War sealed the doom of the Ottoman Empire. What has remained after the total collapse is a national republic which can no longer be said to be based on Islam as a religion.

Turkey is only a comparatively small part of the region formerly under Mohammedan rule. What else remains today of the former realm of Islam? There was a time when the Sudan, the Fulbe and Hausa States of West Africa, Zanzibar and the whole of East Africa as far as the Lakes, in fact as far as the Upper Congo, were ruled by Mohammedan princes. Today the two Christian powers of France and Britain have divided these territories between them.

There was a time when India, from the Himalayas to Cape Cormorin, was governed by the great Moguls in Delhi and their vassals; but years ago the last maharajah bowed his proud neck before Christian Britain. There was a time when the Mohammedans were mas-

I (kto1,("

tel'S of the Red Sea aml of the Illlliull Ocean. Today Britain is mistress of these seas, and the converging points of the trade routes which cross their waters are under her control for Gibraltar, Malta, Aden, Perim, Penang aud Singapore arc important c01l1wciing 1ink~ of the British Empire. Of the two hundred and thirty-five millions of Mohammedans, only about twenty millions are at present under Moslem rule, while two hundred and fifteen millions are ~l1(ler Christian rule.

It was disastrous for Islam that from the twelfth century the rrurks assumed the leadership. From one point of view, this was an advantage. Through the centuries of their world empire, the Arabs have never lost their Bedouin characteristics. '1'hey have never learned statecraft. Their history is a record of ambitious cliques and reckless adventurers. The '1'urks, oil the contrary, were a people with a capacity for rule. By nature excellent soldiers, they founded a lasting government. But they diu not take kindly to civilization. Four great nationalities have played a leading part in the internal aI).d external history of Islam; the Arabs, the Persians, the Mongols and the Turks. The first three introduced splendid epochs of civilization and stood, at various times, in the foremost rank of general culture-the Arabs in Egypt, Morocco and Spain; the Persians in their own country; and the Mongols in India. 'l'hey achieved great things in architecture, philosophy, geography, and astronomy. They produced poets and religious thinkers of worldwide renown. Nothing of all this is to be found among the Turks, no truly great poet, no explorer of the unknown, no fruitful, constructive ideas in art. They rule with the mailed fist, and their rule is a curse for the peoples subject to them. Under their rule were found representatives of more gifted nations-Greeks, Egyptians, Macedonians, Armenians. As long as these languished under the Turkish yoke, they deteriorated outwardly and inwardly. Freed from Turkish tyranny, they recover. Think what Greece, Bulgaria, Servia, Oyprus, and Egypt have become since their liberation, and we reali'ze the curse of Turkish control. In the whole range of history, we can hardly find a nation that has done so little for civilization after seven centuries of unrivalled opportunity.

There are four chief causes of decay in Islam. (1) Mohammedan governments have proved incapable of developing the economical resources of their lands and of helping the popUlation of these lands to thrive. In 1875, a man who knew, Mustafa Fazil Pasha, a brother of the Khedive of Egypt, wrote to the Sultan: Your Majesty's subjects, of whatever faith they may be, fall into two classes, viz: the ruthlessly oppressing and the mercilessly oppressed. Industry, agriculture, trade–all lie prone in the empire. When a man can exploit his neighbour, he takes no pains to improve his mind or his field; and where tyranny and extortion reign, no one can hope for the fruit of his la-

92tlJ THE RISE AND FALL OF ISLAM

bol', ant! no one works. Every passing year robs us of our foreign support. All tIll' I<;uropean statesmen, on regarding the actions of your officials, exdaim: "That government is incapable of reform, it is doomed to destruction. " 'Vell, sire, are such prophecies lies?* (:l) Hand in hand with this economic incapacity goes internatiemal political incapacity, which has never known how to settle dis- IlUtes and establish lasting peace and order. First of all, there was the national enmity between Turks and Arabs. The northern half of the Ottoman Empire, as far south as 'rripoli in Syria, was Turkish; the other half was Arab. Probably the Arabs are the nobler race; they feel it to be an injustice that the Turks have assumed the place of paramount authority in Islam, and that the Sultan should be regarded as Caliph. '1'11ere was also bitter antagonism of 'furks and Arabs alike against their Christian subjects. ~-'urther, Turkey had not been able to amalgamate with herself races nominally Mohammedan, such as the Druses, the Nusairiyeh, the Kurds, and the Mohammedan Albanians. Large provinces of the empire-Armenia, Kurdistan; Syria, nearly the whole of Turkey in Europe-were in a chronic state of ferment, that nowhere allows of peaceful settlement.

(3) A third cause of the decay of Islam is the contradiction between the teaching of Islam and established facts. That MoslemR Bhoul<1 be subject to the infidel Christians is an intolerable thought, which raises the fanaticism of ~foslems to the boiling point. Yet nine tenths of all Mohammedans are subjects of Christian nations, and the rest are in more or" less close dependence on Christian Europe. What a contradiction! There is the same anomaly in Mohammedan theology· and learning. There have been centuries in which these have made great progress, but there was always a germ of death in them. That "winged word," with which Khalif Omar, or his Egyptian general AmI', is said to have excused the destruction of the invaluable lihrary of Alexandria, "Either there is in these !)Ooks what the Koran contains, and then they are superfluous; or they contain something different, and then they are false and noxi- (Jus," reveals the fundamental genius of Islam. The only allowable task of science according to Mohammedans, is the codifying and explaining of the authoritative words of Allah in the Koran, as they definitively regulate all that bears on the common life, the m0f'1Ql18. the courts of law, the bazar, and even the Caliph's throne. But this artificial system of law, which the learned deduce from the Korall and the Sunna with hair-splitting exactitude, is in sharp conflict with stern realitv. The Mohammedan higher schools exhaust themselves in an atte~pt to reconcile facts with the teaching of their sacred writings. '1'he whole modern state would have to be remodeled, :in order to be hrought into conformity with the will of Allah, as propounded by the mullahR.

Of' (Dr. GUlldcrt, nprotest..'mt Missions," 4th Ed., p. 257).

(4) In addition to all this, moral deterioration is eating at the vitals of Mohammedan nations. The Koran allows polygamy, one of the worst ethical errors of Mohammed. Polygamy is the rule, except where poverty enforces monogamy. The result is that even a greater degree of sensuality prevails in such nations than among Africans or Hindus. This carnality has borne fatal fruit. If the woman is but the plaything of the man and exists only to satisfy his lust, why need she be educated 7 The less she knows, the better. In the eyes of the man, she is but flesh. This general feeling has stood in the way of education of women. Unbridled fleshly desires, also, are fanciful and changeable. The slightest thing may cause antipathy, or at least indifference.

Never, perhaps, was the general decline of Islam more plainly set forth than at a conference of prominent and learned Mohammedans which met at Mecca from March 27 to April 10, 1899, to enquire into the reasons of this decline and to devise remedies. 'l'hc chairman opened the proceedings with an assertion that in any two adjacent countries, districts, villages or homes, one of which is M0hammedan, the other non-Moslem, you will find the Moslems to be less energetic, worse organrzed in every respect, less skilful in the arts and trades than the non-Moslems, though the former may excel the latter in such other virtues as honesty, courage and liberality. In explanation of this sad state of things, the conference adduced no fewer than fifty-six causes, embracing the whole range of life-religious, political and social.

The learned Oxford Orientalist, Professor Margoliouth, concludes his report of this significant conference by raising the weighty question, "Has Islam any golden age to look back on, except in the sense that at one time Mohammedan sultans were a terror to their neighbours, whereas now their neighbours are safe from their raids7" In answer, he asserts that "there is no real abuse current in Mohammedan states from which they have ever been free, except by accident for a limited time …… The days of the 'Pious Caliphs,' could they be reproduced, would mean no progress even in the most backward Islamic countries. The strengthening of Islam, if it is not to be a calamity to the whole world, is not to be effected by the reproduction of a barbarous past, but by an attempt to utilize the vast force which Islam represents, as a factor in the real progress of the civilizing and ennobling of the race. Whether this can be done, or the whole of this huge capital must be 'written off,' is the question which reformers have to solve." t t ("East and West," 1907, p. 393).

1926.1 THE RISE AND FALL OF ISLAM

IMPORTANT HISTORICAL DATES ~ MOSLEM AND CHRISTIAN C. 4B. C. The Birth of Jesus, the Christ. C. 29 A. D. The Crucifixion and Resurrection of Christ. 312 A. D. Emperor Constantine ,converted in Italy. 389 A. D. Christianity supreme in Roman Empire. C. 570 A. D. Birth of Mohammed in Mecca. 622 A. D. Hegira-Flight of Mohammed from Mecca. Death of Mohammed in Mecca. 632 A. D. Capture of Jerusalem by Caliph Omar, 636 A. D. 642 A. D. John of IJamaSC1tS preaches to 1I10slems, 8th Century 732 A. D. Moslem conquest of Persia. 742 A. D. Defeat of Mohammedans in West Europe at Tours. 830 A. D. 1000 A. D. First mosque built in China. 1096-1272 I'll Kindy, a Christian Arab, issues his "Apology." 1182-1226 Moslems invade India. 1235-1315 The Crusades for control of Jerusalem. 1453 1492 Francis of Assisi preaches in Palestine. 1525-1707 Raymund Lull, missirmary in North Africa. 1683 Constantinople captured. Sheikh-ul-Islam established. 1740-1780 .~fohammedans driven from Spain by Ferdinand II. 1806-1812 1820 Mogul Empire in India. Eastern Europe checks advance of Turks at Vienna. 1850-1891 Wahabi reform spreads over Arabia (except Oman). 182,6 Henry Martyn, missionary in India, Arab~'a, Persia. Levi Parsons and PZ.iny Fisk reach Smyrna from America. 1831 Bishop T. Valpy French, miJSsion(1;ry in India and Arabia. 1833 English Church Missi01uwy Society enters Egypt. 1847 American Board missionaries begins work in Constantinople. 1875 American Presbyterians begins work in Ta;briz, Persia. 1885-1887 Eli Sm,1<"th of Byria begins translation of Bible into Arabie. 1889 English Church Missionary Bociety begins work in Persia. Ion Keith-Falconer establishes work in Arabia. 1906 James Cantine (l;fId Sam1wl M. Zwemer found Arabian Mis- 1908 1924 sion of the Reformed Church in America. 1924 New constitution proclaimed in Persia.

Young Turks proclaim new constitution.

Caliphate abolished in Turkey. Ibn Saoud, Wahabi ruler of the Nejd, captures Mecca.

HOW ISLAM SPREAD I SIJAM is a missionary religion and was spread by force of arms. . The three choices offered the conquered are: acceptance of Islam, the payment of tribute or death. Three periods mark the sweep of Mohammed's followers over Syria and North Africa and later over parts of Asia and Europe: I. A. D. 630-S00-Early caliphs-conquest of Arabia, Syria, Persia, North Africa and the peaceful penetration of China.

II. A. D. 12S0-1480-The Ottoman Turks and Moguls of India: conquest or Afghanistan, Turkestan, India, Java, Malaysia, Serbia and Bosnia.

III, A. D. 1780-1906-Modern Islam-Dervish orders and Oman Arabs and pilgrims-conversion by penetration in Central Africa, Russia, the Philippines and elsewhere.

THE MISSIONAR·Y HEVll~W 0:1<' THE WOllLD

THE STRENGTH AND BEAUTIES OF ISLAM 1. The conception of the unity, omnipotence, omnipresence and mercy of God.

2. The brotherhood of all believers-without distinction of race, color, nationality or station.

3. Fidelity to the creed of Islam and its application to daily life.

4. Fearless witnessing to the faith, before all people and under all circumstances.

5. The missionary conception and the ambition to bring all man- kind to acknowledge Allah and the Prophet. • 6. The sense of the duty of all Moslems everywhere to win con- . verts_ 7. Insistence on cleansing (through cerem<mial), antagonism to idolatry, opposition to intemperance and to many religious, social and physical evils.

MORAL AND SOOIAL EVILS OF ISLAM T HE inadequacy of the religion of Mohammed is seen in its effect on the lives of its followers. Mohammedan lands, such as Afghan- istan, Turkey, Arabia, Persia and Morocco, show the results when Islam has full sway. Some of the evils are: 1. Low ideals involving ungoverned pride, lust, envy, treachery, vindictiveness and untruthfulness which were evident in Mohammed's own character.

2. Lax interpretation of many of the commandments, especially the third, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth as based on the Koran.

3. Polygamy, easy divorce, slavery and attendant evils-especially the low status of women. The Arabs are the chief slave dealers of the world.

4. Illiteracy. 'From seventy per cent upward of Mohammedans in Moslem lands are illiterate. Some resulting evils are intellectual stagnation, narrowness, superstition, quackery, bigotry and blind adherence to tradition.

5. Narrow limits of education-largely confined to the Koran in strictly Moslem lands; the remaining education consisting of parental instruction.

6. Lack of a true sense of sin as relating to disregard of the moral and spiritual laws of God.

7. Lack of any idea of a God above, as an all-wise Heavenly Father. The Moslem creed includes agnostic, pantheistic and animistic elements. The misconception of God is responsible for the fatalism, formalism, and militarism among Moslems.

8. Lack of any conception of any adequate Saviour from sin or any indwelling Power to overcome sinful tendencies. 'l'here is a lack of faith in Jesus Christ as revealed in th(' gospel8 and of any clear idea of the Holy Spirit and His work.

Breaking Away from

BY REV. JAMIES L. BARTON, D.D., BOSTON, MASS. Author of "The Christian Approach to Islam."

T HE laws that control Islam are embodied in their sacred Koran and in their tradition. It is generally conceded that tradition is the more powerful of the two in controlling action. Change has always been looked upon with suspicion. Islam being considered a perfect religion in itself, change has been looked upon as evil and always to be opposed. As Principal Fairbairn says: "Islam is the most inflexible of all positive religions. It is an elastic spirit placed in an iron framework. The progressive is sacrificed to the stationary."

Sir William Muir: "Swathed in the bands of the Koran, the Moslem faith is powerless to adapt itself to varying time and place, keep pace with the march of humanity, direct and purify the social life, and elevate mankind."

Lord Cromer: "The Moslem stands in everything on the ancient ways, because he is a Moslem, because the customs which are interwoven with his religion forbid him to change."

Palgrave: "Islamism is in itself stationary and was framed thus to remain. It justly repudiates all change, all development."

Lord Houghton: "The written book is there, the dead man '8 hand, stiff and motionless; whatever savours of vitality is by that alone convicted of heresy and defection."

761

Stanley Poole: "No advance,no change has been admitted into orthodox Islam during the past thousand years."

Dr. Samuel Graham Wilson, after declaring that "Islam, as IsbetntleMda1fl·rko,mantdheI traditions by the great Imams, Abu Hanifa, Shafi, bn Hanbal, must remain fixed," adds that, histori- cally and actualIy, the dicta of our great writers are but partially true. Remarkable modifications have taken place in Islam in the past and conspicuous changes are occurring at the present time. Since these statements were made by students of Islam, many changes have swept OVer t,he Islamic world, not as general move- ments affecting all Moslem races alike, but chiefly affecting at differ- ent times and in various degrees a single people or nation. If we were -to consider only one natioll or race, We would not be justified in drawing conclusions of a sweep- ing character, but when we see so many different Islamic peoples moving away from their ancient mooring, although not all in the same direction or with the same 1'HE MODERN RULER OF TURKEY speed, only one conclusion can be Mustafa Kemal Pasha and his very modern reached, namely, that Islam as a religion is not holding the fol- wife (recently divorced), lowers of Mohammed in the ancient way. To change the figure, it is evident that the hitherto stagnant waters of the Moslem world are now being troubled through the im- pact of civilization and that much that Mohammedans regarded a generation ago as absolutely essen- tial to the Moslem faith is now no longer so regarded. One after another of the traditions that date from the days of Mohammed or of his immediate successors we now see set aside, sometimes by official acts, often by failure to observe on the part of the people, until, in some areas, as in Turkey, there are grounds for maintaining that no longer does religion dominate the state.

The point to be kept in mind is that Islam, which ,a generation ago was looked upon as static and incapable of change, is now in nearly all parts of the world changing both in its point of view and in its practices, and that many of these changes indicate a breaking away from traditions formerly considered as essential to that religion.

In imitation of Christian bodies of the West, Mohammedans

MOSLEMS BREAKING AWAY }<'ROM TRADI'rlON

held in Mecca last June what they called an "All-World Moslem Congress," at the invitation of Abdul Aziz Ibn Saoud, the Wahabi King. They decided to hold an annual session during the time of the pilgrimage. In the report of the Congress, printed in the London Times of July 29, no reference is, made to any discussion of the question of the Caliphate.

Mohammedan governments have been theocratic. Mohammed was both the temporal and spiritual head of his followers, and so have been his successors. Only when Moslems have lived under Christian governments has their religious life been separate from the affairs of the state. The Moslem ruler received his authority from Allah and ruled by divine right. 'l'oday this authority is denied the Moslem chief of state whose right to govern is accorded him by the people governed. In a word, the people of Moslem states are demanding the right to choose their rulers and to have a voice in the making of the laws they are expected to obey. This movement is especially marked in Arabia, Persia, Egypt and Turkey.

Moslems and Moslem governments have not been patrons of education. To the devoted follower of Mohammed, all wisdom is embodied in the Koran. All books and all teachings that deal with matters not contained in the Kor- TRADITI~~!~1I~8Uilt:J1~~RtNHODJA an are to be repudiated as evil in character and vicious in influence. Moslem peoples have been notoriously backward in all forms of modern education-historical, physical and scientific. The traditions of Islam have been against it. Many Moslem youth, more enterprising and daring than the rank and file, in defiance of tradition, have, in one way and another, secured an education. These have studied the economic conditions of Moslem countries, noted their backward social, intellectual and moral condition, and have come to the conclusion that without a change Mohammedanism must be left behind in the struggle for existence. There has been a decided intellectual awakening in all Moslem countries and mostly within a single generation, although greatly accelel'- ated within the last fiften years. In India the percentage of Moslems in school has risen from three percent thirty years ago to fifteen percent at the present time. A general movement toward 'Vestern education is marked in the East Indies, among the Moros in the

Pl1ilippilles, ill Persia, Egypt, Arabia and Turkey. Mohammedan men and even women are to be found in increasing numbers in the colleges and universities of the vVest, while the privileges offered by "'IVestern schools in Moslem countries are eagerly sought. In most countries governed by Moslems, modern education has entered and holds a commanding position today. '1'he best known of these are ~Jgypt, Persia and Turkey, which have established school systems ill which the sciences, history and one or more Western languages have a place. As a vital part of the ef- f ect of this new education, one notes the rapid increase of literature in all Moslem countries. The produc- tion of all kinds of literature, in the last fifteen years, in the vernacular and in Western languages, is phe- nomenal. The printing press has become a vital force in all these _________ countries, stimulated by the rapid J":'J.I.. .J.>;…L;..I …;)… …..-'-< '..,-II;. JfJ ..0' advance in learning while itself .j.J.-~,),"..T.f.¥J.'>!.:~~L;…~I.;J.:,"5~',.,,.;..,<:,,<,)J."»! ..,:……a.jo;J.u.l/~~Ji acting' as a stimulant to education. ,:,IJI j,..': ),:,')1 J-l….I J ….·J ~,,;.-'-'-,:…. ,,<,,,<,Rapidly the press, so far as educa- .~..,..;J.. ..»~ J-ai. tr.b~ r~' (§:;.JI""";J tion and religion are concerned, is becoming free even under Moslem governments. The Islamic world is going to school in spite of the restrictions of tradition.

The followers of no religion have so successfully resisted the in- troduction of the customs and fash- ions from the West as have .:<Ioslems. Most of their customs have had their roots in their own .'1. TURKISH EDITION OF THE KORAN traditions or in the direct teaching:,; of the Koran. To change would seem to devout Moslems to be denial of their faith. This is well demonstrated in the treatment of women, in methods of persecuting'

such as deny Islam, in the abstinence from wine, and in the daily customs once regarded as essentially religious. '1'he rapid rise of education for girls in 11os1em countries has inevitably led to a re- laxation of suppressive measures in the treatment of women and the granting to them of positions of increasing influence and leadership in the home, in society and even in the state. 'While apostasy is still looked upon as little short of a crime and is generally regarded as worthy of punishment, an increa:,;ing lenienry is noted in many conll- tries in the treatment of suell as inquire after Christianity. III '/'Ul'- key and Persia, as well as in otller conntries, there have been lllany

192DJ MOSLJ~MS RREA KING A'VAY FR.OM TRADIl'IO:'ii"

eases where perseention was !lot ('ollspienolls, and some ('oulltries, under the influence of the vVestern impact, have declared for religious liberty.

MolmmulOdall countries are not so strollg for prohibition as the teachings of the Koran would give warrant for concluding. A Moslem official, a notorious drinker, once defended himself to the writer when charged with action contrary to his faith by declaring that he strictly adhered to the teachings of the Koran since he never drank wine but only whiskey and brandy. The breaking away from this Photo by C. T. Riggs From "The Mis8ionary Heraldn SCENE IN THE "LfBERATION PARADE" IN CONSTANTINOPLE Turkish university students in Constantlnop,le. (Octobe!' 6, 1926) having dis- carded the "fe·z," wear hats and caps. Even the Turkish wome.n are wearing hats.

tradition is to be deplored, but it reveals the tendency of the times to adopt methods practised in the "Vest even to the destruction of time-honored traditions. There are many minor customs and tendencies which, taken in themselves, alone would have little significance, but when taken together indicate a changed and changing point of view that is of no little importance.

Discarding the fez by the Government of Turkey and the compulsive wearing of Western headgear is a point in hand. It is true that the fez has strictly no religious significance, but it has become in many countries the sign of a true Moslem. Native Christians in Turkey were compelled to wear it as a token of loyalty to the Government. Now no one in Turkey may wear a fez. How far this will affect custom in other Moslem countries does not yet appear.

As Moslem countries enter into closer commercial and diplomatic relations with the countries of the West, they have felt the

OLD-TIME STREET COSTUME WORN BY MOSLEM WOMEN inconvenience of having a different religious rest day from that followed among Christians. Japan adopted the Christian Sunday as its day of rest. Turkey is now considering a similar step in spite of the fact that Friday was the day observed by Mohammed and that is now observed by all Moslem peoples. ·While this step has not yet been taken, the fact that the Turks regard it as a debatable question shows how one Moslem country, at least, does not look upon even the direct teachings of Mohammed as absolutely binding upon the state.

Mustapha Kemal, the President of Turkey, recently said in a public address, afterward printed: "The Koran, which is the sole source of ancient law, is by no means a code and contains no legal system capable of satisfying the needs of modern life." .A, Moslem has recently come out in an article printed in Constantinople, urging that the custom of bathing the feet before prayers and of leaving off the shoes during prayers be abolished as a custom suited to Arabs but not to a civilized country. The writer of this article charges the absence of men in the mosque and the large crowds attending the Christian churches as due to the fact that the Christians do not make this demand, while the Moslems do. Therefore, the writer contends that provision be made for the wearing of shoes in prayers with a place for hats in the vestibule.

The abolition of the caliphate by Turkey has outstanding significance for Turkey and is of vast importance to the Moslem world. This step was a demonstration that the people of Turkey believed that their will is superior to the will of Allah as expressed through their Sultan and embodied in the person of their Caliph. The fact that the Moslems in Turkey and in other countries have not regis-

926] MOSLEMS BREAKING AWAY FROM TRADITION

MODERN TURKISH GIRLS IN THE AMERICAN SCHOOL AT BROUSA tered violent protest to this act of 'I'm'key and that, to the present time, no concerted steps have been taken to elect a Caliph for the Moslem world, are indications of an indifference that was not expected. Mustapha Kemal in an address, printed in Constantinople on November 9, 1925, said: "Persons who possess some information about the history of Islam know that the Abbasides' dynasty and all the other Moslem dynasties which have followed it have been nothing other than instruments of oppression which based themselves upon the legal system on which the foundations of imperial Rome were built. These instruments of oppression were founded on a legal system which recognized all rights as belonging to God, which brought back all issues to God, and which made use of all these divine rights which they called supreme authority. It is for this reason that the system on which the caliphate, or modern sovereignty, was based yvas able to maintain itself so long."

No one would assume that the president of Turkey is in a position to speak for Islam, yet the fact remains that he has spoken and acted and his deeds and words have not brought out a challenge. Turkey has hitherto played a large and important part in the Moslem world. It has furnished the Caliph to Islam for more than four hundred years, has been the keeper of the holy places and was for generations the outstanding independent Mohammedan government.

Arabic has always been considered the sacred language of Islam. It was the language spoken by Mohammed and it was in that beautiful tongue that the Koran was written. It has been a matter of belief that the Koran could not be written or prayer be made acceptable to Allah if presented in any other tongue. Mohammedans have repudiated translations of the Koran and adhered to their sacred book in

it.s original. In spite of this fact the Turks have authorized the puhlication of a version of the Koran in the Turkish language. It is reported that this Turkish Koran has been warmly welcomed and that Turks arc studying critically the book whie1dhcy have never hitherto understood. This makes another break from ancient tradition.

There has been a startling change in the Moslem attitude toward women. The education of girls is a sign and seal of this change, but that is only the beginning of what inevitably will follow. Plural marriages have been considered one of the constants in Islam, although all Mohammedans did not have more thau a single wife. The founder of the sect in the Punjab, called" The People of the Koran," says that he regards polygamy as bad as fornication. The National Assembly of Albanians recently declared against polygamy and the covering of the faces of their women. A Moslem lawyer recently published a series of articles in a Turkish paper iu Constantinople, inveighing against polygamy, in which he declared that the young men looked upon Moslem polygamy and divorce as a curious antique. These articles advocated a law against the marriage of more than one wife. The Turkish Grand General Assembly has passed a bill prohibiting plural marriages and providing that all marriages shall be published and that no divorce shall be valid until ratified by a court decree.

Educated Moslems are attempting to interpret Islam in terms of modern science. Students of the Koran and of Moslem tradition are convinced that if Islam is to hold its place as a religion of the twentieth century, it must be interpreted in terms that will meet the demands of the thiJ;lking young men who are in contact with modern thought. Every Moslem country is awakening to this situati~n and, to some extent at least, is attempting to meet it. Methods of higher criticism common in the West are being applied to the Moslem tra~ ditions, commentaries and even to the Koran itself. The orthodox leaders are greatly alarmed at this unholy method of handling their sacred literature and at the spirit which the desire to question authority reveals. This has led to the recognition of two distinct classes, the Fundamentalists who put the Koran and tradition above reason, and the Modernists who are endeavoring to bring the thinking and practices of Moslems into harmony with modern science and the social standards of Western civilization. This has led to many schools of reform among Moslems, each attempting to find a way to save Islam without throttling social, intellectual and moral advance.

In the Moslem world, all signs point to a decided break in Islam from the static past and an attempt to conform to the demands of a world of expanding intelligence and a society intolerant of traditional Moslem practices. This may mean the decline of Islam, or it may point to fundamental reforms.

Boys and

BY REV. JOHN KINGSDEY BIRGE, BRISTOL, CONNECTICUT Formerly Professor ill the International College, Smyrna O NE NIGHT, during the war, as we were passing through the city of Manissa, some Turkish boys boarded the train, and, as they did so, they kissed their father's hands. A business man in our party remarked on the courtesy and respect that these young Moslems showed to their parents-something that American hoys and girls might learn from the youth of Turkey. In this re- spect for elders and superiors, and obedience to authority, the early re- ligious instruction of Mohammed- an boys and girls plays some part.

Until recently, instruction in religion has been a large factor in all education in Moslem lands, and a generation ago was almost ex- clusively religious, particularly of girls. They studied letters and grammar, mainly Arabic gram- mar, in order that they might read the Koran. They learned the pro- nunciation of words and gained the ability fluently to read aloud the Koran, but of the meaning they had little or no idea. More re- cently, history, geography, mathe- matics and science have taken a A MOSL~;M BOY IN NORTH AI·'RICA place in the education of a Moslem child as in the Western world. But still religion has not beenJomit- ted. The child has been taught the qualities of God-that Rehas no beginning or ending; that He is different fr0m all created things so that not even a comparison can be made; that. He sees and hears, though not as men see and hear; that He is absolute and unlimited in His power and authority. The child also learns his religious prac- tices, such as prayer in the Arabic tongue five times a day, the rea- son given being that God has commanded it. When the child imi- tates his parents and goes without food or drink from sunrise to sunset, during the month of Ramazan, he is being drilled into an at- titude of diticipline toward God. "Islam" meang "submission" and a "Moslem" is "one who submits" to the will of God. Obedience to authority thus becomes the major virtue and children learn to re- spect their parents.

They are also taught to respect their governments. In Turkish 3 769

there is a word for" subject" but none for" citizen." 'l'he idea of citizenship, as we understand it, does not exist.

The Islamic system is not like the Christian. The division among us into many denominations produces uncertainty as to religious authority. In Moslem lands, there is comparative agreement as to what God has required of His followers, and the child learns certain definite requirements in belief and practices that become ingrained into his very system.

Once during the month of Ramazan 1 was sitting in a gallery of a mosque, watching the worshippers. I saw boys touching with their thumbs the three portions of each finger, one after another, and I learned that they were reciting the names of God. If they didn't know the Ninety-nine Most Beautiful Names for God, as they probably did not, they were repeating thirty-three times each, such expressions as "God is Most Great."

This religious education exerts an even greater influence over them, because so much of it is taught under emotion. Ramazan evenings are happy festival occasions, and even though the worship is very long, there seems to be a gladness about it, a social good time, that deepens the impression on the boy or g·irl.

On Mohammed's birthday and other occasions, children, especially the boys, gather with their elders to listen to long chants and songs about Mohammed and the glories of the Moslem past. On such occasions, candy will be passed even in the mosques, and perfume will be scattered on the hands of all, leaving for the boy and girl sensations which in later life, when intellectual belief may have been shaken, still bring back the old associations.

Thus their type of religious education grips the child. The whole tone of it impresses on the mind the limitless power of God, so that a conception of the universe is built up which recognizes sovereignty and authority.

It is only partly true, however, that Islam is more uniform in its religious teachings than is Christianity. Outwardly, most Moslems, in any particular country, recognize the same system of belief and worship, but everywhere Islam is saturated with heretical teachings which find expression in fraternal organizations. While they secretly teach various mystical ideas, most of them hold public services in which they seek to experience an actual oneness with God. I have seen boys, hardly able to stand, sway their bodies back and forth as they dreamily recite over and over the name of God. Once I attended a prayer meeting, or zikr, of the Rufai Dervishes, when half a dozen boys were present as worshippers and other children were in the audience. When the worshippers had been stirred to excitement, a charcoal brazier was brought in from which projected a score or more of iron rods, each with an iron ring on the end. The rings, as well as two or three inches of the rod, were red hot. The leader

lfOHAMMEDA.:'.' ROYS AXD GIRLS

extracted one rod after another from the fire, slapped it on both sides of his hand, then gave it to a worshipper. I could plainly hear the hiss of steam as the worshippers licked these rods until they were cool. The small boys licked their red-hot irons as an American boy does a lollypop. There was a pathos in their very earnestness. They were experiencing, they thought, God's power, but how pitifully lack- ing they were in any ethical conception of what is involved in the will of God! In these ways, religion, with its emphasis on the power and ar- bitrary will of God almost entirely without ethical implications, is taught to practically every boy and girl in Moslem lands. Almost as influential have been the crude and superstitious popular beliefs.

'fombs of holy men arc regarded as sacred and on uear-by trees are hung' bits of rags, as reminders to the -spirrt hovering around the tomb that prayers have been offered. On every side the boy or girl sees such evidences of belief ill spirit presences. Such stories as the "Arabian Nig'hts" have made vel'y real to the children an unseen world where God also rules with supernatural forces.

This type of education is now in the process of change. Not only has Turkey abolished the dervish orders but time given to religious instruction in school is cut down, AN ARAB GIRL. STILL UNVEILED attendance at mosque services is growing less and formal worship has been on the decline for some years. One day with a Moslem boy I visited the religious schools of Smyrna. Where there had been over twenty of these, not one was left. We entered a mosque and talked with the sad-faced caretaker who was sweeping the floor. We remarked on the beauty of his place of worship. "Yes," he said, "the mosque is all right. The trouble is with the people who no longer come to prayers."

In place of the religious education formerly given in schools, more time is being given to the physical sciences. In place of re- ligious festivals and the songs that extolled the Prophet, national holidays and patriotic hymns are becoming the vogue. Everywhere the influence of the ·Western world is supplanting with ever-increasing rapidity the traditions of the Mohammedan past.

One wonders what is the effellt of the impact of Western inven-

tions on the Moslem boy and girl. There cannot but come a new faith in the material forces of this world. The textbooks in geography picture the factories of the 1,Vestern world, and the modern inventor is adjudged a great benefactor. The boy and girl are not only conceiving new wants, but a new philosophy of life is being taught. The old holy men do not seem so holy now. The Western standard of material success appeals with irresistible force. God does not seem so powerful. Steam and electricity are the modern agents, and success is measured by ability to use these forces and to acquire more of this world's goods. There is no stopping the influence upon practically every Moslem boy and girl in the world today of nationalism and materialism, both of which come from the Western world.

The secular impact of the civilization of the West is having a helpful effect in at least one respect, especially for the children. The play life of the East has never been as rich as that of the West. Boys in Turkey, for example, have, in the past, played such games as leapfrog, blind man's buff, hothand, swattag, etc., but now the American games are coming in-soccer, football, basketball, handball, and even baseball. When boys were growing into young manhood, indulgence in sports a few years ago seemed undignified and unworthy. Now Western influence has spread a new spirit, and on every side athletic sports command the interest of the young and the respect of their elders. Team games teach a spirit that is indispensable in citizenship and essential to true religion. They require the sacrifice of an individual for the good of the group. There is a certain moral quality also taught by the necessity of taking defeat in a sportsmanlike spirit, and, through team games, fair play can be taught to the boy and girl.

Other forms of Western amusements are not always so helpful. 'rhe moving picture is found almost everywhere, even in remote towns, and Pola Negri and Gloria Swanson are teaching the Moslem youth, more effectively than any textbook, about the life in "Ohristian" countries. Many are saying that Western inventions are good but Western home life is on a lower plane than that found in the East. The unwholesome sex relations as depicted by the films fascinate many others and lower the ideal of the boy or girl as to what _ social and home life should be.

Into this complex mixture of the old and the new the Christian missionary comes today with a religion which already is misunderstood. Ohristianity to the Moslem all too often connotes a political division within his own country's borders or else the uniting bond between foreign powers. The child does not see evidence that Ohristianity is a force making for brotherhood between races and classes. The name is a hated name and a stumblingblock often in the effort to interpret the reality which, to the missionary, lies behind the word. But many Moslems want the moral force that the mission

MOHAM1IIEDAN BOYS AND GIRLS

school seems to have. They appreciate the work of the mission hospital until the Moslem doctors fear the competition with their own work. The social center has been tried in only a few places, but its success has been conspicuous. Many of the boys and girls who have been taught in the mission schools and colleges are filled with the spirit of service. They have tasted, in school, the joy of it, and they look, sometimes with pathetic eagerness, to the missionary for leadership.

Moslem boys and girls are reading what literature they can find, and their minds are being fed with much that is bad. The oppor- BOY SCOUTS DRILLING IN TARSUS, ASIA MINOR tunity of the missionary is to study all the channels by which the thought of the people is being affected, the textbooks in the schools, the newspaper, the magazine, the movie, and to seek to release influences among these agencies that will gradually give to the masses of people a new understanding of the fact that Jesus, the Great Prophet recognized by themselves, is One whom the whole world desperately needs today. As the Christian forces of the West live lives of Christlike service in the midst of the Moslems of the East, a new meaning will come to be attached to the idea of following Jesus. It is the Moslem boys and girls that are freest of all to take what the missionary brings and that can go forth in the Christian spirit to overcome the materialism which otherwise will saturate the Moslem East.

THE CENSUS OF THE MOSLEM WORLD DISTRIBUTION BY GOVERNMENTS: Under British Rttle or Occupation: In Africa …….•…………………. 28,910,000 In Asia …………………………. . 76,788,000 In Australia …………………….. . 25,000 —-105,723,000 Under Other Western Governments: In Africa Belgium …………………………. . 1,764,000 France …………… " …………… . 28,502,332 Italy ……………………………. . 1,659,000 Portugal ………………………… . Spain …………………………… . 239,000 Abyssinia and Liberia ……………… . 594,500 800,000 In Asia United States of America (Philippines) … . 597,994 39,000,000 Netherlands ……………………… . France ………………………….. . 3,341,860 Russia' (Europe and Asia) ………….. . 15,320,000 In Europe …………….. ………….. . In Amelrica ……………………….. . 2,469,957 204,429 94,493,072 Under Non-Christian Governments: 200,216,072 Turkey ………………………….. . 8,321,000 Mesopotamia ……………………… . 2,840,700 Persia .. " …. " .. , .. , ….,.,.,., ….. ,., 9,350,000 Afghanistan ' …………………….. . 6,380,000 Arabia ., ………………………… . 3,400,000 Siam ……………………………. . China ………… , ……………….. . 150,000 9,136,000 – – – 39,577,700 MOSLEM OBJECTIONS TO MODERN EDUCATION FOR WOMEN T HE Mohammedan women in many of the countries in the East are becoming imbued with modern ideals for women and are as- serting themselves. In India, the women held an All-India Mo- IJammedan Women's Conference to insist upon monogamy and other reforms. Everywhere they are seeking education.

An Egyptian Moslem gives the following objections to the modern education of women: 1. The educated women do not like to do housework. 2. They become extravagant about their dress. 3. They sing and play the piano to fit themselves to associate with cultured women of the West. 4. They spend their time reading love stories. 5. They do not live economically, 6. They wish to marry for love, money or good looks.

OF THE UNIVERSI1'Y MOSQUE ElL AZHAR, CAIRO, FOUNDED IN 969 A. D

To (''OI.llpJete a course in the .4zhar reQuirE:'s about twelve years. The curriculum includes juris- prudence. theology, exege~iE;, grammar, syntax, rhetoric, logic and the traditions; it bas 10,000 students and 250 professors.

Some Moslem Views of Christianity A Series of Interviews by Dr. H. E. Philips, Cairo, Egypt By A YOUNG STUDENT IN CAIRO, A MEMBER OF THE Y. M. C. A.

I HAVE no sympathy with the old school of Islam as represented in EI Azhar University but I am a Moslem and cannot accept Christianity as my religion, first of all because I find it very impracticable. Even Christians do not take its precepts seriously nor attempt to fulfill them literally. The commands of Christianity are so extreme that if they were put into practice chaos would follow.

Take one of the gospel teachings by way of example. How many coats do you have~ More than one'/ Have you given away all but one 1 Do you give to everyone that asks something from you and do you never refuse a loan to one who would borrow 1 What would become of society if your gospel laws were followed literally Y Jesus taught men to return good for evil. It sounds all right in theory hut the business of everyday life proves that it does not work. Neither Christian individuals nor states observe this rule. Justice and the social order cannot be maintained in that way. If you examine every distinctive point in the .Gospel, in the last analysis you will find that it is not practical.

A second reason why I do not accept Christianity is that the Gos- 775

pel is full of inconsistencies. Of course we Moslems do not believe that Jesus Himself ever taught the distinctive doctrines of modern Christianity. They are hopelessly at variance with one another. For example, Jesus is called the "Son of God" and also the "Son of Man." He says that a man becomes great by becoming small; that he finds life by losing or laying down his life; that he becomes strong by being weak. All of this is incomprehensible and unreasonable. Moreover Christians call Jesus God and they pray to Him while many times in the Gospel He is represented as Himself praying to God.

Jesus' first miracle was the converting of water into wine for a wedding feast. I have been told that Christians should not drink wine and that the Bible teaches that drinking intoxicants is a sin. In the Koran you will find that Mohammed did not drink wine and that he forbade his followers to use it. Moslems everywhere and. always are total abstainers. Spirituous liquors are strictly forbidden and have been introduced into Mohammedan lands through the greed of' Christian merchants.

A third reason why I adhere to Islam is because of its wonderful provision for social life, very little of which I find in the Christian Gospel. The Koran is called a " Guidance" for men and makes practical provision for every detail of life. Why should I leave this system for one that deals only in generalities? Christians have much to say about the "Sermon on the Mount" but its idealism is impractical and fails to grip our social problems.

You speak of polygamy as an evil and I agree that unlimited marriage is an evil. But Mohammed made no such blunder. He found unlimited marriage prevailing in pagan Arabia so he corrected it by placing limits upon those who accepted Islam. Under .Tudaism polygamy was sanctioned and practiced by the prophetf;, but because it was not regulated it was abused as in the case of Solomon. Islam takes into account the fact that there are more women in the world than men and that through war the proportion of men is often greatly reduced. It meets this problem with the practical provision for plural marriage with certain definite limitations. The much-vaunted monogamy of the Ohristian system is not rigidly enforced and sooner or later will yield to stern necessity. In my opinion it will be a change for the better.

A fourth reason for my belief in Islam is its intellectual superiority over the Christian system. I admit that, for the present, European civilization has forged ahead of Islamic countries but the reason for our present eclipse is economic and not intellectual, a condition which is due to the temporary military superiority of the West. How did Europe obtain this advantage ~ Most of her modern civilization was borrowed from Islam. Every branch of science was assiduously studied and developed in the centers of Islamic power.

1926J SOME MOSLEM vmws OF CHRISTIANITY

Stanley Lane Poole, in "The Moors in Spain," uses the following words in praise of Islamic learning: "Beautiful as were the palaces and gardens of Cordova, her claims to admiration in higher matters were no less strong. The mind was as lovely as the body. Her professors and teachers made her the center of European culture; students would come from all parts of the world to study under her famous doctors…. As for the graces of literature, there never was a time when poetry became the speech of everybody, so much so that no speech or address was complete without some scraps of verse.'''' Whether the suhject he astronomy or chemistry or geography or natural history the foundations are found in the Holy Koran. If the principle patrons of learning in that great epoch of educational progress were Moslems and if, as I believe, we are on the verge of a great revival in our religion, I see no good reason why I should forsake my faith. If the European nations are under happier circumstances today than are the countries of Islam and if their scientific progress is for the time in advance of that found in Mohammedan countries; it is not because of the teachings of Christianity but beeause Europe has taken the learning and the principles of Islam and has built upon them.

T could give many more reasons for my rejection of Christianity but these are my leading ones: it is morany impracticable; it is intellectually inconsistent; it is socially insufficient; it is scientically inferior. In all these respects I find Islam sufficent and satisfactory.

By AN ADVANCED STUDENT IN A SECONDARY SCHOOL IN EGYPT First of all let me say that I am not much of a Moslem. I am rather a free thinker or perhaps you would call me an agnostic. Our family is one of the best in Cairo and we always have had plenty of hooks and time for reading but in our home we never did discuss religion very much. At first I was very ignorant of my religion. Then an over-zealous Christian began trying to teach me the way of Christianity. It was not acceptable to me but this friend persisted and I was wholly unable to answer the arguments that were presented. Then I began the study of my own religion in earnest and soon found what seemed to me sufficient answers for all the Christian arguments. Indeed I became very proficient in debate on all religious questions and was a convinced and fanatical Moslem. Later I t00k up the study of European philosophy and found that the great thinkers of the world have never been religious men. I also found that neither Islam nor Christianity agrees with the best philosophy. 'l'he result has been that I have lost my zeal for Mohammedanism and I am now willing to take the good out of all religions and to profess none. ,,I[ho is Mohammed and who is Christ but men who • The quotation here used is found in The Islamic World, Jan.) 1926) p. 311 in an article by Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah on "Islam and Learning."

tried to help their people to live a better life and to relieve the social conditions they found in the world 1 As to my belief in God, of course anyone who has studied philosophy and science is compelled to believe that there is some great power back of all the phenomena that we see round about us. It may be a conscious power or it may only be an impersonal force. I do not see how anyone can be sure. I sometimes wish I could believe in a personal God as you do for it must be very comforting, but somehow I cannot believe.

I do not understand what is commonly called sin nor the Ohristian remedy through the blood of Ohrist. I am not perfect but neither am I conscious of any very serious sin nor do I feel the need of any other person to save me from sin. My religion has always been one of good works. I try to live right and never to harm anyone and what more do Ohristians want? After all my studies in philosophy I have come to think that if God is a conscious being He does not care very much about the individual but has more concern about nations, and if He does care about individuals what more does He want beyond the life I am now living¥ By AN ENGLISHMAN '¥HO HAS BECOME A MOSLEM My father desired me to enter the service of the Ohristian Ohurch, and to this purpose I studied. Early I had doubts, and could not reconcile myself to believe in the Trinity, Vicarious Atonement, and Original Sin. I read books on all phases of Ohristianity, and came to the conclusion that I believed none. About this time I came into contact with W. Stewart Ross, the agnostic leader, and editor of The Agnostic Journal. In this way I was introduced to the writings of Ingersoll, Hreckel and others. Ross quarreled with the Biblical conception of Deity, and I agreed with him, but never lost faith in a Supreme Being. I began the study of comparative religion (neglecting Islam which I had been told was merely an altered version of Ohristianity). Hearing Ross speak of the sublime conception of Deity pictured by the deism of Islam, I resolved to study this faith and to my surprise began to find myself at home. '1'he central truth of the oneness of the Deity and the idea of a deit.y who sent teachers not only to the Jews but other races was my own idea of an impartial Being. The life of Mohammed, the complete success attending his mission even in his own lifetime, the brotherhood of all believers which he accomplished, and the wholesome reforms he brought, wrung from me the acceptance of his prophethood. The Koran I found made a stronger appeal to me than the Biblical narratives had ever done, and when I came to dissect the Suras and Ayats, I found myself living in a new world, reading the inner meanings, and becoming for the first time in a state of At-one-ment with God.

1926J 80MB MOSLEM VIEWS OE' UHRI8TIANl'l'Y

In 1903 I confessed to my father that I was a Moslem, and later on met a Moslem for the first time. He was the Hon. Dr. Abdullah al Mamun Suhrawardy, M.A., LL.D. (now the Chairman of the Bengal Legislative Council). In his presence I repeated the Kalima.'" I became Honorary Assistant Secretary of the Pan-Islamic Society and afterwards Honorary Vice-President. In 1912 Khwaja Kamalud-Din came to England, and I associated myself with him in the Woking Moslem Missiop., and the Islamic Review. Prior to this I had been nominated "Sheikh of the British Moslems." Today I contribute to almost all the leading Moslem journals in India, Persia, Turkey, etc., and represent several of those in London. I represent also La Fraternite Musulmane de Paris, and by the invitation of the French Government was present at the Foundation Ceremony of the Paris Mosque. Recently I started the Minaret, a small Islamic journal destined for the Western reader, and a large percentage of my letters from enquirers came from the United States of America.

(Signed) KHALID SHELDRAKE.

*' The kaZima means the Moslem creed, "There is no God but God and Mohammed 1s the prophet of God."

A TURK'S VIEW OF THE CHRISTIAN MENACE W RITING to the Djumhouriet, a Turkish daily newspaper pub- lished in Constantinople, an anonymous correspondent describes the spread of Christian propaganda and institutions in Turkey and seems to be particularly incensed over the success of the Y. M. C. A. After outlining this growth, he proceeds to give this description of the manner in which the Christians project their influence: "First they get people to love them, and then they make them novices in their order. Their schools are each a danger. There the great deeds of Jesus are sung. The persuasive abilities of the members of this Association, both men and women, are so great that, like ants caught in a spider's web, people cannot again be rescued from their hands. The greatest secret of their success is love ….

"The Protestant young Christians begin with example and lead up to rule; they go from the concrete to the abstract. This sort of propaganda is fatal. They do not proclaim the principles of Protestantism. Nay, they do not even talk about religion, but by their attitude, their actions, their manners, by the compassion they show to animals, by the help they give to the poor, by loving what is good, by mercy to the unfortunate, they try to show the loftiness of their religion.

"The number of innocent Turkish children captured by these charms is constantly increasing, and these children are weaned from their individuality and are becoming each an American Protestant, nay more, not only a Protestant but a missionary."

A VISIT TO EL-AZHAR UNIVERSITY BY REV. J. E. SHEPHWD in the Bapti..t Missionary Hem~d E VEN within the memory of men now living, Christians could not enter El-Azhar, the great Moslem university in Cairo, but that is changed and even Christian missionaries pass in freely, as wel- come visitors.

One morning we found ourselves at "The Gate of the Barbers," the entrance to EI-Azhar. The porter brought some slippers and after placing these upon our feet, our dragoman kicked off his own shoes, and led the way. Then we entered one of the largest universities in the world, one of the most ancient, going back nearly a thousand years, to 980 A. D. El-Azhar is the intellectual focal point of Islam. Here we saw the intelli- gent youth of many lands-India, Syria, Morocco, Tripoli, Tunis, Algeria, Turkey, Afghanistan, and other parts of the world- all being trained for the priest- hood. 'rhey are here to be trained in the Koran. They are practi- ~ally men of one book. "In the shaded porticos of the great court they sit in circles, great or small, 'at the feet of' their sheikhs, the 'rahhis' of Islam, who themselves squat on low dais seats and dis- cuss the grammar, language, in- terpretation and legal teaching of the Koran."

We went freely from one group to 'mother and watched the process of teaching, all so different from our idea of what teaching should be. It was a study of the Oriental mind, with its great power of detachment and its equally great power of concentration. -"Ve could not help wondering what fruit these studies would bear in after days in other lands, what influence these young men would wield. EI-Azhar is a mosque, and there are six gates. The Liwan is huge, and its ceiling is supported upon three hundred and eighty pillars. The minarets are of different periods, the structure having often been altered, and various sultans from the twelfth century to the nineteenth having left their' mark upon it. The library is a spacious hall, with tier upon tier of shelves from fioor to ceiling, filled with books bound in crimson leather. There were many writing tables, and, in the center, was a glass case containing a treasure, the royal copy of the Koran. Every letter is printed in gold. Outside the mosque, we saw a large number of blind, who, through their infirmity, do not enter the place of prayer, but are heing taught just without the gates. There were between fifteen thousand and sixteen thousand students in the University-and provision f(lr twenty thousand. Some of these young students haye been won for Christ.

J,ISTENlNG TO A LECTURE ON THE KORAN I N ALGIF:RS

Hindrances to Christian Work for Moslems BY RE;V. C. G. NAISH, B.A., BEiRUT, SYRIA Member of the Council of C1u'istian Missions in Western Asia and Northern Africa M ISUNDERSTANDING: Not long ago in Egypt a simple man, a woodworker, came to one of the missionary centers and asked for baptism. He said: "I have heard the preaching at M— and it is excellent." "You don't need to be baptized," replied the missionary, "you can hear the preaching freely in any case. "

"But I want to belong to that society." "Do you want to be saved from your guilH" "Guilt7 What is guilt7" "Your sins." "My sins1" answered ·the man smiling. "Why, I've never sinned in my life." This story indicates clearly the real difficulty which stands like a blank wall between the Christian teacher and the Moslem. The Moslem does not know what the Christian is talking about. He probably does understand the Arabic words used, for many missionaries speak Arabic and other Moslem languages well. But the ideas he misunderstands. The connotation of the Christian vocabulary is quite different to his mind. A word which the Christian uses for the moral guilt and shame of sin means to the Moslem hearer simply transgression of ceremonial law. This carpenter, supposed that he was being asked about hi& observance of times of prayer and other duties prescribed by .the Koran. lIe had no conception of what we understand by sin against God. 'l'he first obstacle encountered is, therefore, that of making a Moslem understand. It is insuperable to any power but the Spirit of God. The fact is that ideas which the missionary wishes to present do not exist in the minds of ninety-nine of every hundred Mos- 781

1ems. We have to face the task of trying to convey these strange ideas by the medium of words which have quite a different meaning to the hearer.

It has often been said that Islam and Christianity have much in ('ammon. Moslems are not heathen or idolaters. They worship one God. Some would say that they are half Christians already; at leaRt they are monotheists. Nothing ('auld be more misleading. They do believe in one God, whose name is Allah, but their conception of him is utterly different from the God revealed by Jesus Christ. He is capricious, unspiritual, transcendent without being immanent, and He is loveless.

One day in Syria, some veiled Moslem women attempted to enter the train in which we were riding. "No room!" the conductor called out; "the hareem is fulL" The women flung up their hands in a gesture of despair. "Vhat shall we do'" they wailed. The conductor blew his whistle. "Allah will arrange something for you," he calmly said as the tram moved off.

That-is what Allah is like to the mind of the conductor and his Moslem brethren. He may arrange for you to get in the tram, or he may not, but to complain is of no use. Noone can tell what Allah will do. He may say one thing today and the contrary tomorrow. 'Both will be true because he has said both.

Take the word "heaven." While Christians use imagery of streets of gold, temples and harps, we understand that these metaphorically refer to a spiritual state which eludes the resources of human language. But to the Moslem paradise is very definitely literal and material.

In Dama~us a friend of mine was called upon by strangers to enter a shop and witness a document which ran like this: "I, Abdullah, remit to Ahmad the debt of ten pounds which he owes me, on consideration of his handing over to me one of his wives in Paradise. He, Ahmad, is to have thirty nine, and I. Abdullah, am to have forty one."

The Koran promises beautiful maidens (houries) to every true believer. Nevertheless it is a shock to find that a Moslem of this century takes the promise so literally, and that his idea of heaven is so unspiritual. How can one use the word heaven or Paradise to eonvey to him the Christian belief 1 And yet how. can we explain our religion without using its key words ~ , PRE;ruDIcE. Not only does the Moslem fail to understand the Christian vocabulary, but positively he has been taught to misunderstand it. An American born in the East, and using Arabic as easily as his own tongue, testifies: "The Moslem from childhood has been taught to hate the very sound of the words 'Father' and 'Trinity' " as applied to God. The reason is chiefly historical. Mohammed and many subsequent leaders of Islam came into touch with a corrupt form of Christianity. Even in some places today there is an igno-

J92G] HINDRANCES TO CHRISTIAN WORK FOR, lfQSLElIfS

rant type of Christianity that practically teaches polytheism. And it recognizes three gods, one called the Father, a stern judge whose chief aim is to detect men in sin and punish them with satisfaction, a goddess (for she is nothing less) called Mary, the mother of God, interceding with this stern deity, and a Son, who was once incarnate, a rather weaker and more distant copy of the goddess.

Is it any wonder that Moslems who met such a form of belief turned from it in disgust, accusing such so-called Christians of polytheism ~ The trouble is that Moslems of today assume that all who bear the name Christian regard the Trinity in this way, as composed of father, mother and son; and that God had a literal wife and literal offspring. Would anything make us listen to such teaching?

Small wonder then if a single Moslem can prejudice a whole audience against a preacher by reference to any of these terms, AN ADVERTISEMENT IN CAIRO- BOYS SELLING LOTTERY TICKETS IN ONE OF THE HINDRANCES CAIRO-ANOTHER EVIL though these same words may convey to the preacher precious and fundamental beliefs.

Moreover, it has been ingrained in the very nature of the Moslem that his own holy book, the Koran, is literally inspired in every jot and tittle. When it teaches something absolutely contrary to history, such as that Mary the mother of Jesus was the same person as Miriam the sister of Moses and that Moses was the uncle of Jesus, he feels bound to believe it.

The Christian Bible is rejected as an unauthentic book, a forgery, which has been substituted for the true Law of Moses, Psalter of David, and Gospel of J esns which were written down word for word in the same way that Mohammed wrote the Koran. Is it surprising that their prejudice is hard to disarm ~ NOMINAL CHRISTIANITY. The obstacles already mentioned are subjective. The greatest objective hindrance is the travesty of Christianity, professing to be the religion of J eSllS, which the Moslem often has before his eyes.

Lady Buckmaster wrote recently of a trip to the East: "As we approached Port Said I strained my eyes for a first glimpse of

the land of the Pharaohs. This is what I saw. 'Dewar's Whiskey' 'Black and White Whiskey' 'Dawson's Whiskey'; and I felt ashamed.

Intoxicating drinks are prohibited by the Koran. But the influence of the West has been too strong for the East. Of course, it is not fair to judge followers of Ohrist by the behavior of merchants whose god is mammon, or of tourists who worship pleasure. But, Rad to say, the Moslem does so. "So this is your vaunted superior religion," he sneers. What is a Moslem to think when British soldiers are the only drunken pe,ople he has ever seen ~ Or when lottery tickets are sold everywhere in his streets, and whole shops are exclusively devoted to their sale, though all gambling and betting are forbidden to him 7 It is the "Ohristian" who has brought them to his country. How does he view the construction by a foreign syndicate of a grand race-course in the most beautiful and quietest suburb of Oairo ~ How can he be other than shocked to see, flaunting themselves in his streets, fashions which even the best Westerners regard as too free or too fast 1 The grand Mufti of Beirut, although very friendly to the American community, recently refused to attend one of its functions. He pleaded, "I cannot bring myself to sit there among your 'maksiyat aariyat-your "clothed-unclothed dames!"

It is not only the Westerner who has misrepresented Christ's religion. Among Eastern Ohurches, also, there is often a performance very unworthy of their profession. A college principal in Egypt once asked some Moslem students the reason why Moslem nations are so backward in relation to other nations. The students replied: "It is not a result of religion; that is clear. We admit that yon are more truthful and honest. But the reason lies in race. If it were religion, the Ooptic Ohristians would be more honest than we are. But they cheat at examinations more than we do, and they are more immoral." Of course the Moslem believes his eyes rather than the protestations of a few earnest souls who try to explain the matter away.

NATIONALISM. In more than one country, where education is breaking down barriers of ignorance and prejudice, narrow nationalism is building a fresh and formidable barricade. Turkey, Egypt, Palestine and Moslem India are aflame with that sad parody of patriotism which makes antagonism and not service its aim. There is a certain type of Egyptian student who thinks he has done a fine thing for his country and supported her dignity if he has been rude to a foreigner. As an obstacle to Christianity, this race consciousness is formidable. Ohristianity is a foreign religion, therefore, they argue, it is unpatriotic. The saddest part of this is that Western nations have taught it to the East. It is a historical fact that the nationalism of antagonism arose in Western Europe, and has been carried eastward first by the imperialism and snobbery of merchants, tourists and officials, and secondly by the frightful example of jealousy and hatred which culminated in the war of 1914.

HINDRANCES TO CHRISTIAN WORK FOR MOSLEMS

Those who live in the West are responsible. Many Moslem stu- dents and others travel to Europe and America and see for them- selves the condition of civilization there. Some are shocked; some are cynically amused. Practically all return to the East with their prejudice strengthened. We can hardly expect them to admit that the vices of the West are in spite of the Gospel, not due to it. The Western nations are not Christian, and it is a wrong to our Master to call them so. But the visiting Moslem too rarely sees the spirit of Christ displayed in practice. If he does so, he is reverent. But Christianity more often means to his mind bootlegging, gambling and prostitution.

This obstacle is one that must be overcome in the West as well as in the East. Those who love their Lord in England and America may serve their Moslem brethren effectively by welcoming contacts with Mohammedan visitors and by putting a living Gospel before them. They share the blame if they fail to do so.

FAILURES OF CHRISTIANS. A stumblingblock is cast before Mos- lems not only by nominal Christians but by the failures of genuine . disciples. There is our imperialism, our quiet but arrogant assump- tion of superiority. A few missionaries talk about "niggers" with contempt or studied neglect. Not all are free from the charge of car- rying themselves with a superior attitude. Christians have gone to serve Moslems as a sacrificial duty but how few have loved the peo- ple themselves! "Zeal for men's souls while we care not at all for them personally and prefer to keep away from all intimate acquaint- ance with them is. a very hideous form of hypocrisy." Our behavior may be courteous and yet unsocial, judged with an unprejudiced mind. The missionary sitting in a public vehicle will often take out his book lest he should waste precious minutes. His honest opinion is that it is a praiseworthy thing to resist indolence of mind. But what if the courtesy he owes as a guest of the East demands rather that he adopt its social custom and talk with his felIow-passengers7 Even about indifferent matters for the mere sake of talking1 It is not because he hopes for opportunities of directly religious conver- sation. That is not a sufficiently disinterested aim. "Christ loved men, loved to be with them, loved them for their own sake and found joy in association with them, even if there was not an opportunity to preach to them. He was like a jeweler who loves to handle and study and admire pearls even though he makes no profit in the proc- ess; like an artist who loves to sit before fine paintings with no thought at all of possessing them. The way to bring Christ's mes- sage to the Moslem is to imitate His attitude."

In the last analysis it is Christ's followers, who are the obstacle. In West and East we misrepresent Him and the word of God is bound because we bind it. Alas, that it should ever be true that the Mos- lem seeing our lives should say, "If that is Christianity I do not want it."

4

Christian Approach to

BY REV. W. WILSON CASH, D.S.O., LONDON, ENGLAND General Secretary of the Church Missionary Society n .AMONG Christians, when a man is referred to as a Jew, immedi- ately people usually react unfavorably because of all they understand by the mere word. A man is judged not for what he is, but by what his name has come to mean in the minds of many. In the same way, the Moslem is prejudiced against anyone called "Christian," because of the background of history extending from the days of Mohammed to the present.

I. The difficulty of the Christian approach to Islam is seen, first of all, in the Moslem idea of Christianity. Nisarani, or Christian, is a strong term of reproach in Moslem lands, amounting almost to a curse. When two Moslems are having an angry dispute, one will call the other Nisarani to express his complete contempt and scorn of his opponent. This attitude of Moslems to Christians was in the mind of a member of the Moslem Conference in Jerusalem in 1924 when he thus described the missionary's task: To persuade the pr·oudest man on earth to accept a message he detests from a people he despises.

The Koran abounds in references to Christianity, and Mohammed came frequently into direct contact with the Eastern churches. To him it was the husks of a once-living faith. He saw it as a dying religion, suffocated under an immense pile of superstitions, inventions and fables, and sunken in idolatry, and weakened by corruptions. The divisions, bitter controversies, religious and credal rivalries made it almost impossible for an Arab to see JESUS CHRIST in the tangle of theological controversies. The worship of the Virgin stamped Christians as idolaters, and the priesthood of the day gave undoubtedly the impression that the Christian faith did not stand for the direct access of the soul to GOD•. It is little wonder, therefore, that Mohammed should have turned away from Christianity to found a faith on simpler lines, a faith that made GOD accessible to all, without any place in its system for monasticism or priestcraft.

In spite of all this, something of the sweet reasonableness of the Christian spirit appears to have touched Mohammed for, in all his references to Christianity, he is less severe than when speaking of the Jews. This is no doubt largely due to the fact that it was in the formative and creative period of the Mecca days that Mohammed met Christians. It is one of the tragedies of Christian history that this seeker after GOD could not find the goal of his search in Christ because of the failure of the Church adequately to represent the spirit and teaching of its Master.

786 What were the things that .Mohammed attacked in Christianity'/ I draw the following list from the references to Christianity in the Koran: 1. He complains of the bitter hatred of everything non-Christian, and the lack of appreciation of good in other faiths. This he attributes largely to the monks and priests. (See Sura 5.85.) 2. They consign, he says, all non-Christians (including Moslems) to Hell. (See Sura 2.105.) 3. He criticizes their narrow sectarianism and reminds them that "On thc resurrection day GOD shall judge between them as to that in which they differ." (See Sura 2.107-110.) 4. He criticizes Christianity because it teaches the Crucifixion of Christ, who, he says, was not crucified.

5. He attacks the doctrine of the Trinity, and the doctrine of the Sonship of Christ.

6. His main line of attack, however, is the whole Christian conception of GOD, as he knew it. It does not appeal to the Arab mind. It seems to lack any strong faith in thc' absolute sovereignty of GOD: Love, sympathy, service and sacrifice do not form any essential part of Mohammed's conception of GOD: He is more attracted by the Old Testament picture of a God, mighty in battle, oinnipotent and supreme, ruling as He wills the nations of the carth.

To this must be added the fact that Mohammed claimed to be in direct prophetic succession with all previous prophets. He did not set out to establish a new faith, but to build upon what he thought was the one world religion from the time of Adam.

When we remember that Mohammed's idea of Christianity represents the ideas of the whole Moslem world today; that where he misunderstood our faith, Moslems still misunderE#;and it; and where he attacked it, his followers still do the same, we will at once see that to study the right approach of Christians to Islam, we must take very serious account of past mistakes; and that, in our presentation of our message, we must take care that it is the unadulterated message of Christ we offer, and not a watered down, diluted form of Western Christianity.

MOSLEM CONCEPTIONS oJ<' CHRISTIANITY II. A second great factor must be remembered in approaching Moslems. Their conceptions of Christianity as seen in the Koran, traditions and history, are further strengthened by Moslem contacts with Christianity today. The Eastern churches have really changed very little since Mohammed's day. The ignorance of the priests, the lack of a strong spiritual life, and the absence of a presentation of Christianity in terms of social service and love, often confirm Moslems in the vi/ilw that their estimate of Christianity is accurate.

There are also the impressions gained of our faith by contacts with Western powers. Rightly or wrongly the Moslem attributes as a rule what is done by Western powers to Christianity. In his mind the Moslem does not say simply England or France or Italy did so

and so, but the Christians did it. He cannot distinguish between so-called Christian nations and Christianity. To the Moslem they are the same.

Let me illustrate this by what has happened recently in Syria. '1'he French Government completely misunderstood the Druse and the Arab. They mishandled the situation, and thus drove the people into rebellion, and to quell it they bombarded the open and defence- Ipss town of Damascus, with little thought of the consequences to women and children. The people of Damascus link all this in their minds with Christianity; hence the fears that have been expressed of a massacre of Christians. We know that this sort of thing does not in the remotest degree represent Christianity, but the Moslem is convinced that it does.

The wealth of Western nations gives the Moslem a picture of Christianity as something material, a faith that makes people rich, strong, powerful, and naturally they view us all as materialistic people with little or no idea of anything beyond this world. In preaching to Moslems, I have frequently been asked, "Do the Christians say any prayers ~" 'Ve often appear to them as rich and powerful, but pagan in thought and outlook.

A further problem arises through the confusion between civilization and Christianity. The two are not the same, but the Moslem cannot see it. The missionary task is to show Christianity as something infinitely greater than, and widely different from present-day civilization. The missionary must go further than this. He must show that organized Christianity today is not a complete representation of the faith of Jesus Christ. If it is necessary to show Christianity as greater than civilization, it is more necessary to make clear that Christ is infinitely greater than our picture of Him. The divided state of Christendom and the warring of sects, the clash of creeds and sectarian differences must be dissociated in our approach to the Moslem from the message that Christ brought into the world. The Moslem cannot understand the subtleties of our creeds, and the differences of our sects, but he can readily grasp the simple teaching of Jesus Christ, and no missionary work will be effective among Mos· lems that does not make Christ central and universal. It may rea· sonably be argued that this is done today; hut have we, as missionaries, really come face to face with Jesus Christ in His desire to express Himself through us to the Moslem mind ~ Very often it is an expression of Christ discolored by the mixture of Westernisms, denominationalism, and racial prejudices; and all the time the Moslem world is crying out for us to show it the full glory, beauty and character of Jesus Christ.

III. This leads me to the heart of the subject-the missionary task today. Protestant missions have occupied almost all the strategic centers of the Moslem world. They have built up, in the past

THE CHRJS'l'1AN APPROACH TO MOSLJ<:,MS

fifty years, great educational institutions, which have in turn given to the Moslem world a new reading public. They have carried out far-reaching social reforms through medical missions, and the hospitals, more than any other agency perhaps, have shown Islam what Christianity really is. Missionary doctors have proved to be a great asset in many Moslem lands. These two arms of missionary service, education and medicine, have together created a new situation that is bright with hope and promise. A widespread evangelism, the sale of the Scriptures, and the dissemination of Christian literature have laid foundations for a great advance, and, in many ways, the missions have been but a preparation for the day now dawning. This makes it all the more imperative that we should study the situation, and, above all, study ourselves and our work. If the Moslem is now awake, in touch with Western thought, and if he is thinking in new terms of modern life, and if he is no longer expressing himself in the language of a dead orthodoxy, but in living accents of a fuller life, and a wider liberty and freedom, then it behooves every missionary to ask himself whether he has a message to meet this need.

Most will agree that the old method of controversy is Iiot only out of date, but that it is a wrong approach to the Moslem. He is not an enemy to be defeated in argument, nor is he simply a sinner to be saved. He is a human being, throbbing with new ambitions, and demanding something that will help the whole life-body, soul and spirit. He is a brother beloved in search of God, and we must approach him as such if we would be any help at all. We start then by placing ourselves alongside our Moslem brother, on an equal footing with him, and in no sense as superior to him. We start by a brotherly contact which says: We both need God, we are both seeking God, let us seek for Him together. The missionary will thus begin as learner and teacher at the same time.

The Moslem to whom we speak has a long background of mif'lunderstandings. He at first will think, because we are Christians, that we are, therefore, narrow-minded, bigoted, fanatical and bitter enemies of Islam. His mental picture of us is Mohammed's, and he will naturally be suspicious and on his guard. He will be on the defensive, and will be ready to jump to the attack at any moment. As long as that complex remains, he is impervious to the missionary approach, and a pathway must be prepared that will enable discussion to be carried on in a spirit of friendship and mutual trust.

When friendship has been established the question arises as to what we are to teach. The Moslem will want to discuss the Trinity, and will plunge into the most intricate problem of theology because he revels in such discussions. He is used to them in Islam, and his zeal in this direction is only equalled by the love of political discussio;ns in the West. The missionary has really only one task-rightly to present Jesus Christ and so to represent Him that the Moslem

will be attracted to the Person of Ohrist, and not side-tracked by the theologies of Christianity.

I remember sitting with a group of sheikhs who tried hard to get me to discuss theology. Each time I said, ".My task is to show you Ohrist; I am His witness." I drew out my New Testament, and began reading- the Sermon on the Mount. I came to the verse "He that is angry with his brother" and at this point a Moslem sheikh broke in angrily, and said, "That is a lie." I was astonished, and appealed to the others sitting near. They all agreed with me that the teaching in the verse was true. The man brought other sheikhs, and made me read the verse again. I did so, and they agreed with lI!-e. Each time the angry sheikh said, "Is not that a lieF' "No," they all said, "it is perfectly true." A donkey boy standing near was evidently enjoying the scene, and taking a lively interest in the discussion. At last he broke in and said, "Do you want to know why the sheikh dislikes those words' Last night he tried to murder his brother in a fit of temper." The sheikh crimsoned with shame, and walked away, while the rest of the audience rocked with laughter. This sheikh had, for the first time, been brought face to face with Jesus Ohrist, and he felt himself judged; his conscience smote him when he was brought up to a great moral issue.

It is along this line I believe that our right approach lies. Moslems must be brought to face the great moral and spiritual issues of life, and to face them in the light of Ohrist and His Life. I have always found that along this line the Moslem is ready to respond, and that, having aroused in him an interest in the Person of Ohrist, he always goes on to ask, "If you so love Ohrist, why then do you say He was crucified?" The story of the Crucifixion as the unveiling of Divine Love is a new and complete revelation to him; and here again he comes face to face with Ohrist, and the claims He is making on that Moslem's life. The Cross interpreted in this way does not call out an angry retort, but a reverent respect and wonder. The appeal is irresistible. The Moslem, with his brother Christian, feels that he is on holy ground. He comes to criticize and argue, and stays to worship the Son of God Who loved him and gave Himself for Moslems. Thus the full truth of the Ohristian faith unfolds itself perfectly naturally and at each stage he is in touch with the reality of the living Christ. His Personality dominates the situation, and, as the Moslem responds, so he sees that this Man is the man-the one perfect Man the world has seen. Once this is grasped, the missiona.ry should be careful to stand aside, so that Ohrist may complete His work. It is after all an easy stage to the sincere seeker to pass from contact with Christ, the Man to the full vision of the Son of God visiting humanity with redeeming Love. The main and essential condition is that the contact from the outset must be between the Moslem and Ohrist Himself, and not simply between the Moslem and the

SLAM'S GREATEST FAILURE

missionary. Christ often cannot be seen because we stand in the way.

Our great need in the study of a new situation in the Moslem world is for us missionaries to come face to face with Jesus Christ, and to learn from Him how we may adequately represent our Mastel'. This may involve the shedding of many cherished prejudices, and the scrapping of much we have done; but, whatever else it means, it must lead to a new unity, fellowship and cooperation on the part of all missions in tl~e face of a common task. The Kingdom of God is greater than any of our missions, and our loyalty to Christ is supreme over any sectional loyalty to our particular Church or society. In this day of opportunity, can we not enthrone Christ as the one Head of all our work ~ Can we not think in terms of the Kingdom of God, and determine that we will be governed in our thinking by no less terms than the Saviour Himself and His Kingdom 1 Islam's Greatest Failure* BY REV. STEPHEN VAN R. TROWBRIDGE, MAADI, E/J-YPT World's Sunday School Association O NE OF the most delicate and perfect tests of the value of a religion is its treatment of children. To what extent does it reveal God to their inexperienced and eager minds 7 How far does it transform and beautify and safeguard their characters by the mysterious interaction of God's Spirit and their wills 1 Does the religion produce in them a faith which drives out base thoughts and conquers the insidious temptations which throng aud threaten childhood?

If you leave the modern quarter of Cairo and walk down through the narrow, crooked streets, you soon find yourself absorbed in watching groups of ragged, tanned urchins playing, begging, idling, gathering into tin GRns quantities of filthy cigarette stubs, and attempting to get a glimpse of the Sunday-school picture cards, if you happen to be carrying a few in your hand. If you know Arabic, you listen to what they are saying. Often you wish you had not heard. Sometimes you see one of the more daring youngsters attempting to pick pockets on the street cars. Your heart heats faster and you feel an unutterable sense of yearning and pathos, as step by step, you come to realize that their only knowledge of God is through the sin-stained life of Mohammed. Their only glimpse of paradise is from the fleshly passages of the Koran. Their .only thought of truth has its ultimate source in Mohammed's own complex self-consciousness-a marvelous blend of prophetic illumination, political .. Brief extracts from a pamphlet published by Mr. Trowbridge from whom copies may be had.

subtlety, and bold, selfish falsehood. All these children have is Mohammed!

Face to face with the problems of temptation and sin, the prophet of Mecca is a warning rather than an inspiration. His life is the tragedy of a splendid spiritual beginning and a lustful, selfish eilding. The Koran is certainly not a book to sanctify and beautify and fill with joy the lives of the children. Far f.om it.

Mohammed never revealed the Fatherhood of God, but with tremendous energy and persistence, year after year, did everything in his power to repudiate and root out this thought from the minds of men.

Mohammed could not summon the children to see in him the life of the Father, because his heart and hand had cOlmtless times boldly sinned against the laws of God.

"The mystery of the Holy Incarnation, and the story of the precious death of the Son of God, are put before them only as heresies to be adjured and trampled on."

"The children of Moslem lands are the same as those of Christendom, as troublesome, as erratic, as affectionate, as delightful to do with as the most ardent boy-lover at home ever found them; bubbling with energy and mischief, keen to see and learn anything you have time to show them; only tainted already with evil in its deadliest forms, that will have them in its grip long before they are men.

"What is to be done for them, these, our little brothers, for whom Christ died?" Are we doing our best for the Kingdom of Christ when we are letting boy-lives drift past us, with their precious chances, into tough Moslem manhood, unchallenged for Him 1 Dr. S. M. Zwemer has been gathering evidence from every corner and metropolis of Moslem lands. He says: "Because of general immoral conditions, which beggar description, many of our correspondents speak of the terrible physical inheritance of Moslem childhood."

As you survey these countries and catch a glimpse of the vast multitudes of Christless children, what are ,your thoughts 1 A PICTURE OF MOSLEM WOMANHOOD WITHOUT CHRIST

Converts to

BY THE RIGHT REV. J. H. LINTON, ISFAHAN, PERSIA Bishop of Persia, Church Jfissionary Society SUPERSTITIONS die hard. An American lady, staying with us at present, is travelling through Persia making a "study" of the country, its conditions and aspirations. She is firmly per- suaded that all Persians who possess initiative and resource are Ba- hais. Some days ago she was introduced to a young Persian Chris- tian who has suffered a good deal of persecution for his faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. He is one of those aggressive workers that count so much in the spread of the Gospel. He boldly confesses Ohrist among Moslems, and rejoices to do so. Among the outstanding characteristics of the man are his initiative and zeal. I asked the lady what $11l' thought of this young fellow. uOh," she replied, "he is undoubt- edly a Bahai. " I asked on what she based her conviction. She said, "He has such splendid initiative!" Some day this lady will prob- ably write a book, and will refer to this young fellow as a splendid example of the go-ahead methods so characteristic of the Bahais! She has pre-judged the case.

I had almost begun to believe that the other superstition was dead-that" there are practically no Moslem converts to Christian- ity." The mischief of it is that one cannot help being influenced by one's own experience, and so one forgets the numbers of people who "have been in Moslem lands and know that there are no converts." It is the same old trouble of wrong premises. Let me therefore , plunge straight into the matter and present facts.

A "Chance" Meeting.-One day last week, by one of those strange coincidences that we sometimes call" chance," four Persian men met in my study. One had been a government official, employed in various Persian government offices, latterly in the Finance De- partment. The second was a son of a well-known Mujtahid (a doc- tor of the Sacred Uaw of Islam, who has authority to give a judg- ment). The third was a Sa,'llyid (a descendant of the prophet Mo- hammed). His father was the leader of the prayers in the mosque in one of the sacred cities. The fourth was an educated servant. They had one thing in common: they were all converts to Christian- ity.

As they spoke with one another, tellinl2: of their experiences, my heart burned within me, and I praised God for the Love and Power that had brought these men to the feet of the Saviour. I suggested that it would be l2:ood to give one another a testimony as to how we were brought to Ohrist. I began by t~lling the story of my own conversion as a boy, and how God had let me out to the mission field.

Then the ex-government official told how, for many years, he 793

THE lIIlSSlONAHY HEVIBW OF 'fnE WORLD

had been seeking spiritual satisfaction. He knew he was a sinner, but saw no way of escape. (Once a Moslem gets to the realization of the fact of sin, the call of Christ makes an irresistible appeal to him.) Then a serious illness brought him as an in-patient to the C. M. S. Hospital in Isfahan. He there heard the message of the Gospel, had talks with missionaries and others, and, at length, accepted Christ as his Saviour. He had a difficult time at home. His wife, a very strong-minded woman, would have nothing to do with him and he had to live in a room by himself in his own home! His wife's story, which I heard on another occasion was an interesting sidelight on it all. At one time she had seriously planned to poison him, hut at length his patience under her lashings, and the steadfastness of his faith, together with his undoubted change of life co~vinced her, and she too was led to faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. The whole family at length became Christians, and the "atmosphere "of that home was too much even for the lady traveler to whom I have referred. The man is now the pastor in charge of the Persian Christian Church in this town. The distinguished mark of his life is his " other worldliness."

The second man told of how he lived in a town some distance from Isfahan and was a teacher in a government school. His father, now dead, was a well-known Moslem priest and Mujtahid as was his brother. A Persian friend introduced him to the New Tes- tament, which he read for some time and, after some· conversations with his friend, he was led out into the light and liberty of the Gospel. He spent much time in reading the Scriptures and in prayer and preached on two occasions in the mission church. On the third occasion, he invited a number of his Moslem friends to be present as he wished to give his testimony. He spoke to them freely of his new found faith and of the contrast he had found between Christ and Mohammed, between the teaching of the Gospel and that of the Koran. There was naturally some disturbance, for in this Moslem land there is as yet no religious liberty. Some one ran and told his brother, the Mulla., who straightaway fainted and on recovering Call sciousness, condemned his brother, the "apostate," to death, ac cording to the Law of Apostasy in Islam. The young Christian was haled before the Governor in whose presence and in the face of the strictest cross-examination by the MuUas, he again witnessed to his faith in Christ Jesus. The people demanded thllt the Law of Apostasy be applied, but at length he was handed over to the police, escorted to the frontier, and exiled from his country. A few days ago he arrived in Isfahan. I cannot disclose the details, but it was a heartening experience for a missionary among Moslems to hear that man tell what God had been to him in Christ .Tesus. His fearlessness and his c11eeriness are a joy to behold. He preached at our service for Persian Christians on Sunday and told his story. Then the

MOSLEM CO);VEH'l'S" '1'0 CHlUSTJ ANITY

whole congregation stood and commended him in prayer. He goes forth not knowing what awaits him, but with a fair certainty that it will mean" bonds and imprisonment."

The third convert, the Sayyid, came to see me a good while ago, when he was a "Divinity student" in one of the Moslem colleges here. He came to Isfahan to study Islam under a well-known Moslem teacher, but the result is that he lost his faith in Islam altogether. He came to talk with me about the teaching of Jesus, but drew back at the exclusiveness of His claims. It was hard for a man, brought up as he had been in the strictest teaching of the Shari'at, to acknowledge that there was "no other Name under heaven, given among men whereby he must be saved" but the Name of Jesus. No wonder that he was unwilling to accept the word, ' , No man cometh unto the :F'ather but by Me." I lost sight of him for a long time, but he was surrounded by prayer though he knew it not. A few months ago I was accosted on the street by a Sayyid, and though I had only seen him once before I was sure that he was the same man for whom we had been p"raying. I made an appointment and when he came to see me he at once raised the usual objections as to the Deity of our Lord. Finally he promised to read a portion of St. John's Gospel every day, with a prayer for light, with a vow to God to follow what light he saw, and to confess before men if he saw Jesus as his Saviour and his God. In a week he was back, convinced and professing conversion. He has confessed Christ before Christians but not, so far as I know, before Moslems. The testimony of the previous speaker clearly impressed and strengthened him, and it is possible that before these lines appear in print he will have taken all the risks and will have made a public confession in baptism. Out here, "public baptism" will mean that within one hour the news will be pr6claimed among all the leaders of Islam in this city; his friends will mock him and count him unclean; they will refuse to drink out of the same vessel that he has used; he will be refused permission to enter the public baths or to drink from the public fountains j he wiII be called" Apostate" by those who have been proud to be called his friend. Public baptism means counting the cost, but it has been done over and over again out here. If our old Baptism Register could speak it could tell many a talc of what following Christ means to the Moslem whose name has now been written in that register, and in the "Lamb's Book of Life."

The fourth man, the servant, told very simply how he had been given up as incurable. The doctors had" given him his answer" as he expressed it. He came to the mission hospital, and was persuaded that prayer was the chief factor in his healing. Another member of his family was also healed in a remarkable way. He was convinced that in this way God was calling him to faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. He responded with his whole being. His wife and son have

also been converted and will shortly be baptized. Some weeks ago we were leaving the evangelistic service in church, where a large number of Moslems had been present. Among them was a m?tlla who is a very strong opponent of our work. He acts as a spy to find out who are interested, and then he sets to work to try to prevent their conversion. This servant, of whom I have been telling, went over to the mulla and said, "Friend, you heard a message of grace this morning. Will you respond 1" It takes some courage to speak to a m'ulla in that fashion. Something has" cast out fear"!

The above testimonies show four types of Moslems whom Christ Himself has touched and drawn to faith in Him. And what shall I say more, for time would fail me to tell of the four hundred and ,"'"——————"",, J-t – – – – – !920'_ _ _ _- – – – " ' – MISS10NARlE5 RETUItN 1$111·,8 FAMINE. CHOLERA, INFt.UENtA I!;JJ5 • WOr:!lD WAR, MISSIONARIES WITHDRAWN 3> 1910 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _""'·5 ,, "05—–___________.!." ::.~ 101 —- / GROWTH OF MOSLEM CONVERTS IN PERSIA 1895 _ _B/ : IN THE 1lNGLISH CHURCH MISSION, I Chart by Bishop J. H, Linton, f – – Moslem AduJt Baptisms in Isfahan, each 5 years. I …….. Total Baptisms. Adult and Children, each 5 years. lMO–/3 I 1096.5 , lea-._r FIRST BP.PlIS"'l twelve converts from Islam and their children who have been baptised in Isfahan in the last forty years, and the smaller numbers in some other towns in South Persia, such as Yezd, Kerman, and Shirazo. Our brethren in the American Presbyterian Mission could add their testimony as to those in the north of Persia who, with like faith and courage, have witnessed a good confession to Jesus Christ.

Wherein lies the supposed impossibility of Moslems coming to a saving faith in the Lord Jesus Christ~ Is it some imagined weakness inherent in the power of the Lord Jesus HimselH Is He able to save the American, the Englishman, the Hindu or the Animist, but does His power fail when it meets the Moslem 7 Is the Moslem not to be reckoned among those "for whom also Jesus Christ died 1"

Is there some failure in the Gospel itselH We can speak only from our own experience of it. I have been a missionary for twenty-

MOSLE,M CONVERTS TO OHRISTIANITY

two years in Nigeria, and on the north-west Frontier of India, and in Persia, and in all these places I have seen Moslems who have come under the spell of the Love of God in Christ Jesus, and have been won to Christ. I look back on a day, three years ago, when on one occasion I baptised fifteen Persian men, mostly converts from Islam j a few were from Bahaism and one was a Zoroastrian. On one day last year even this record was broken, and this year we h~1Ve mor~ candidates for baptism than ever in the history of the work out here.

What is the scereU There is no secret. We are simply trying to fulfil the terms of our commission: "Preach the Gospel to every creature." We avoid barren controversial methods. We were not sent to criticise Islam or any other faith, but to "preach the GospeL" So we go forth with the Word of God in our hands and we preach the Gospel as we find it therein. We are proving that it is "the power of God unto salvation, unto everyone that believeth"-unto the Moslem as well as unto men of other faiths. We have no new Gospel for the Moslem. We preach to him Christ Jesus, God's only begotten Son, crucified, risen, ascended, reigning, returning. We dilute nothing. We keep back nothing. Our chief literature is the Word of God. We try, and fail badly, as we ourselves will most readily confess, to practice fully what we preach but our aim is to let the Moslem "see Jesus." Our hospitals and schools are meant to be an expression of the Gospel. These, and all our other missionary work, are primarily "evangelistic" in their aim. In every department of our work we are out to "do the work of an evangelist. " We preach in faith, expecting that God will win souls, believing that He is able to save to the uttermost all that come to Him through Jesus Christ. And we append our testimony that God is true to His word and to His promise.

In all this we rejoice to recognize the splendid service of the Persian Christia~s, for humanly speaking, without their fellowship and testimony this work could never have been done. We are an one in Christ Jesus.

MOHAMMEDANISM AND OHlUSTIANITY W HY IS not the Koran as good as the Bible 1 Why is not the be- lief in one God according to Mohammed, just as helpful to hu- manity as the Gospel of Christ? Mohammedanism denies Christianity as revealed by Christ: It is monotheism without the Christ of God, and, therefore, without the God of Christ. Jesus of the Koran is a character obscured by more dominant personalities. Mohammed denies His Deity and atonement on the cross and His resurrection and ascension.

The Islamizing of a people is a misfortune. The only thing that can overcome the power of Islam is the power of Christ.

Atiyeh-A Product in

BY REV. W. G. GREENSLADE, BEIRUT, SYRIA M;ss;onary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

O N A STORMY night in February, 1865, a young Syrian took refuge in the home of Dr. Henry H. Jessup in Beirut. He came from a village in the Northern Lebanon, near rrripoli. His father and mother were Maronites and had turned him out of doors because of his leaning towards the teaching of Protestant missionaries. When he made his way to Beirut, where his brother lived, the brother, too, drove him away because he persisted in reading his New Testament. Then Yusuf Atiyeh walked the streets until, at midnight, he found the home of Dr. Jessup, the young Christian missionary from America.

At almost the same time, a Mohammedan from Damascus was in prison in Beirut on the charge of having become a Christian; and it was reported that two others had been put to death in Damascus for the same "crime." This coincidence had a remarkable effect upon the homeless young Lebanese, and was the beginning of an experience which led him, years later, to be the means of presenting Christian truth to multitudes of Moslems.

On May 25th of this year (1926) Yusuf Deeb Atiyeh died in Tripoli, Syria, at the age of ninety-four years. He was known to only a small circle of friends; but his book "Sweet First Fruits" (the first of several anonymously published books) is known whereever there are missions to Moslems. He was a modest, humble man who hid himself completely that Christ might live through him.

The first Arabic edition of B akura or "Sweet First }~ruits" was published in Leipsic, and was considered so valuable that it was translated into English by Sir William Muir, for use in Mohammedan countries where Arabic is not well understood.

It was placed on sale in Egypt and some copies reached Syria. The first Arabic edition being soon exhausted, it was reprinted by the missionaries in Egypt in an inexpensive form and has since been translated into Persian and some of the languages of India. A young Moslem effendi told Dr. Jessup that he was led to accept Christ as his Saviour by reading a copy in the Azhar University in Cairo.

Sir William Muir said, in his preface to the English translation: "It is a work, in many respects, the most remarkable of its kind which has appeared in the present day. It may take the highest rank in apologetic literature, being beyond question one of the most powerful treatises on the claims of Christianity that has ever been addressed to the Mohammedan world."

798 Atiyeh's second book, "Minar ul Hoc," was pronounced superior to the first and other good volumes followed, but none are so widely and so favorably known as "Sweet First Fruits."

But whatever may be said of the persuasiveness of the pen of Yusup Atiyeh may be said with double force of the persuasiveness of his life. He began his study of Arabic under the direction of an uncle, who was secretary of the Emir Beshir Shehab, a powerful feudal lord of the Lebanon. He continued a student throughout his life and attained an unusual knowledge of both the Bible and the Koran, and could repeat most of ,…—~—-' —–~….,., the latter from memory. After becoming a Protestant Christian, he was given a theological training and, for many years, was pastor of village churches in the Lebanon and other parts of Syria. While engaged in this work in obscure places, he began the literary work which carded his influence into many lands and to peoples of many tongues.

But his activities were not all of the study. After serving the church in Horns for two years, he went to Safita where he built a church and a manse; then he moved to Beirut, where he also built a church and a manse; then he was called to several other YUSEF ATIYEH. SYRIAN PREACHER AND AUTHOR places in succession. Though not ordained, he became known as a persuasive preacher and a winsome pastor. Later he was placed in charge of the mission bookstore in Tripoli and found more opportunity for study, and became a close student of the Hadith, or :Mohammedan tradition. Finally he was released from all other duties to g'ive his full time to literary work.

When the W orId 'Val' broke out, Atiyeh was an old man, over eighty years of age, but he was still busily engaged in writing Christian literature for Moslems. The Turkish authorities searched his house and when they found the manuscript of his latest book, a criticism of the Hadith, they took him to prison in Beirut. where they kept him several days, and then haled him before the military court. Some of his friends pleaded for the clemency of the court on the ground that the old man was a harmless dotard, but Yusuf Atiyeh was unwilling to be released on such a plea. He proclaimed to the court that he, Yusuf Deeb Atiyeh, was the author of the book in question, that he was no dotard, and that he had written it. out of love for his brother Moslems. The court sentenced him to two

years' imprisonment. "Later he was again brought before the court and was told that for some reason he had been released. Imagine the astonishment of the court when he immediately knelt down before the officials and offered a prayer of thanksgiving and a petition to God on behalf of the court which had tried'him.

As Atiyeh arose from his knees the president of the court recovered from his amazement sufficiently to say: "Are you not going to pray for the Sultan, and for the superior court in Damascus? And are you not going to thank us for our clemency in releasing you?"

Atiyeh's anSWer was: "I give thanks to none but my Heavenly Father who has heard my prayers and the petitions of my mauy brethren who have been praying for my release. God has heard and has broken my bounds. "

During his long life of distinguished service, Mr. Atiyeh was known to all as "Muallim Yusuf," the same title that is given to the simplest village teacher, or to a carpenter or mason. It never troubled him that he was denied honors and emoluments, or that his name did not appear on the title page of any of his books. It was enough for him that he was doing a needed work for his Lord.

During most of his life it was not even possible to print his books in Syria, and they could be circulated only wi"th great caution. At the outbreak of the war, the American Press in Beirut had actually printed the first part of his latest book, but conditions were so uncertain that it was deemed wisest to ship the printed sheets to England, where they still are. The publication of this book has never been completed.

The last few years were years of peaceful waiting. The pastor of the church in Tripoli says: "For the past ten years every time I have asked him 'How are you~' his answers have been confident. Sometimes he would say, 'I am ready'; sometimes' Mttka'ab' (shod as for a journey); sometimes' Mushayil' (i. e. with the kit slung over the shoulder, ready to set out); sometimes, 'Longing to be with my Lord.' " Nothing better could be said about the passing of Yusuf Atiyeh than to use words which he put in the mouths of two of the characters in "Sweet First Fruits." Ahmad Effendy al Cotely had just made the public confession of his faith in Christ, and was speaking of Yohanna Gheiyur, whose tract had first led him to study Chris- tian truth: "What do we not owe the writer of that beautiful epistle that guided us to the truth! Would that he had lived, and had seen the fruits of his work."

"Yes," answered Ahmed; "but he will see them in a more glorious way. in the presence of his Lord. The righteous pass away, but their fruits die not. They shall reap the harvest they have sown in that day when not a single grain shall fall to the ground."

~ ~,,-"B,B-S"T'""M~"E"'T"H-'O''D'S''' @

EDITED BY MRs. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBERG BLDG., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Methods and Materials for Studying the boys and girls to make a trip the Moslem World through Moslem lands. Fascinating "A Moslem World, undergoing "Tourist Tickets" are printed with 'such varied, such extensive, such pro- coupons covering Arabia, India, found and such momentous changes, Persia, North Africa, Egypt and is of supreme interest and concern to all Christendom. The attention of Jerusalem, priced at the low rate of Christians is to-day riveted on Islam 10 cents per dozen, so that leaders as at no time since Moslem invasion may have them for all the boys and girls. There are also "Modes of ·of Europe. Seven out of eight Travel Cut-outs" to be furnished to Moslems Jive under flags of Christian each young tourist. A camel for the nations. The threatened and impend- .iourney across Arabia, an elephant ing disintegration of Islam calls for for India, a prancing horse for Persia, an adequate substitute. Only Christ a Nile boat for Africa, and a donkey .and His program can meet the on which to enter Jerusalem. Pat- terns for the six cut-outs are printed need."* on one sheet. Never before have our churches had Poster Patterns on MO'slem Lands," such an opportunity for mission by Maude Evelyn Bradley, are de- signed especially for "Two Young study. Never in all the yesterdays of Arabs" but may be used in connection with any book on Islam. They are to the world has there been any situation be made in the popular cut paper comparable to "The Moslem World work, and furnish valuable educa- ·To-day. " tional occupation for the makers as well as a colorful addition to the wall It is true, also, that never has there program. 'been available as adequate literature for mission study as is offered this year for the study of the Moslem World. To begin with, we have" Musa",' "Friends of the Caravan Trails",'

published by the Missionary Educa- by Elizabeth Harris, is a book for tion Movement, which furnishes an teachers of Juniors. It records, with adequate course for primary children, the subject matter, the actual teach- prepared by Mary Entwistle and ing experiences of the author with a .Jeanette Perkins. group of Junior boys and girls.

For Juniors, the materials are un- A valuable addition to the usually good. The Junior book, materials on the year's theme is to published by_ the Central Committee be found in Set. No.1 of the World for the United Study of Foreign Mis- Friendship Pictures. This set in- 'sions, is "Two Young Arabs"', by cludes four beautiful colored pic- A. E. and S. M. Zwemer. The booklet, tures, eleven by fourteen inches, '''How to Use Two Young Arabs," drawn by Fannie Warren, the artist ·contains suggestions for the course, who designed" The Children of Many together with seven patterns for Lands" posters. Included in the set 'handwork drawn by Maude Evelyn are pictures of Moslem children in Bradley. The course is arranged for India, Egypt, Persia and Arabia.

• (Statement from tlt-e Jerusalem (Jonference These pictures may be used in con- .;;1924.) aprice, 50. cents a set. lPrice. paper 50 cents, cloth 75 cents. 4Price, paper 50. cents, cloth 75 cents. 2Prlce, paper 50 cents. cloth 75 cents.

5 8()1

nection with the primary or junior Arabia books, or for independent missionary One thousand miles of railway built for and world friendship p,rograms in pilgrims, not dividends. Feb., 1909. o. p. week-day and Sunday-schools. Arabia, the desert of the sea. Dec., 1909.

Unusually good pictures are avail- 75 cents.

Notes on Oman. Jan., 1911. o. p.

able in picture sheets. The Missionary The Mystic N edjef, the Shia Mecca. Dec., Education Movement has four twelve 1914. 50, cents. page picture sheet· folders containing pictures of Moslem lands, each Mecca, the mystic. April, 1917. .50 cents. The flower of Paradise. Aug., 1917. 50 cents.

with a short description. They may The rise of a new Arab nation. Nov., be used for making posters, scrap 1919. 50 cents. May, books, albums, wall friezes or in various other ways. A visit to three Arab kingdoms. 1923. 50 cents.

Among the other pictures that are Palestine helpful in the course is the set en- The sacred ibis and cemetery· and jackal titled "The J1oslem World in Picture catacombs in Abydes. Sept., 1913, o. p.

and Story"," including a set of six Village life~ in the Holy Land. March, pictdres, eleven by fourteen inches, 1914. 50 cents.

Impressions of Palestine. 1farch, 1915.

in sepia, showing scenes from Persia 0, p. Jerusalem locust plague. Dec., 1915. 50 and Syril,t. rents.

The National Geographic Maga- A n old jewel in the proper setting. Oct., zine" is rich in picture materials ]918. o. P. which may be used in connection with the study of the :lfoslem world. The The last Israelitish blood sacrifice. Jan. 1920. 50 cents, following pictures will be found in For intermediates, there is a hand- book entitled "Lands of the Minathe files as indicated. The following list is quoted from ret",S by Nina Rowland Gano, "Friends of the Caravan Trails" by permis- containing a series of programs on sion of the Friendship Press. various phases of Moslem life and Egypt missionary work in Moslem lands~ with suggestions for projects of serv- The route over which Moses led the Children of Israel out of Egypt. Dec. 1909. ice, worship, and dramatization in 75 cents. addition to background material on the Mcslem world. Mrs. Gano tried The barrage of the Nile. Feb., 1910. 75 out her programs with a group of cents.

Sunrise and sunset from Mt. Sinai. Dec., intermediates in her own church. 1912. o. p. Reconstruction of Egypt's history. Sept., "Tales from Moslem La.nds"" is a 1!H3. o. p. pamphlet of hero stories for leaders Aloug the Nile through Egypt and the to tell in connection with the course Sudan. Oct. 1922. o. p. on "Lands of the Minaret" or other- At the tomb of Tutankhamen. May, 1923. courses for intermediates.

o. p. Maude Bradley has enriched the· Egypt, past and present. May, 1923. 50 supply of art designs with a "Cut-out Sheet of Moslem Types, "'0 giving eents. Crossing the untraversed Libyan Desert.

Sept., 1924. 50 cents. sketches illustrating the racial variety Cairo to Capetown overland. Feb., 1925. within Islam to be colored, cut out and pasted on any large map of 50 cents. Moslem lands. The land of Egypt. March, 1926. 50 For young people and adults there cents.

liPrice. 25 cents each. are three new books. "Ymtnq Islam 'Publip,bed by the Presbyterian Board of on Trek"," by Basil Mathews, Foreign Missions, 60 cents a set.

, '7The issues may be borrowed from, p-ubIfc Hbraries or may be ordered from the NaUona) !!Price, paper, 50 cents. Geographic Ma~azine. Washington, D. C., ex;" 9Price, paper, 50 cents. cept of course t4os_e ~hat are marked "0. p.", out lOPrice. 10 cents.

of print; l1Price, cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents.

926 1 BEST METHODS

sketches the rise and spread of Islam children and including every member of the congregation. and shows how the life of Moham- medan countries is being thrown into A QUOTATION MEETING turmoil by the impact of modern To acquaint a larger number of Western civilization and by the re- people with worth while words that lease of new spiritual forces. are being spoken and written is an The adult study book, published by opportunity and a challenge to mis- the Central Committee for the United sionary leadership. Stu d y of Foreign Missions, is . Quotations from books and maga- "Jioslem Women",'2 by A. E. and zInes. may make an interesting S . .:[ Zwemer. It would be impos- meetmg or a feature of a meeting. sible to find two authors of larger experience and more understanding The q.uotations may be selected by a insight into Moslem conditions than commIttee or by individuals and Dr. and Mrs. Zwemer. typed on separate sheets to be read In the book "The Moslem Faces the by different members. The wide Futw'e"/" by T. H. P. Sailer, As- sea~ch. through books, reports, and sociate in Religious Education of perIodIcals will be valuable. .An Teachers' College, Columbia Uni- entire meeting may be devoted profit- versity, we have a book for study ably to the reading and discussion of and discussion groups based largely quotations, or ten minutes of a Sunon fresh mat~rials concerning .the ~dea~yt-isncgh)coml aoyr class session or other dommant msoovcermal,entes d utchartoiuognhaol~t and be thus empl'oyed. Inreligious the dlVld:uals may be appointed to read Mo~lem W ~rld, f~rnished by ex- certam books or magazines and perIenced mISSIOnanes in the several present striking quotations from countries. the.m, or the quotations may be type- There are three maps available for WrItten and passed around, or printed the year's study in addition to the on posters.

missionary map of the world: '.' Islam is the only one of the great in AtwWo aclollo]Wrsa,paobtouthte3M3 oxsl4e8minW. osrhlod~"­ relIgIOns to come after Christianity; the only one that definitely claims to ing important places and distribution correc.t, complete and supersede c.f lIoslem population. Christi~nity; the only one that A large Ou,tline ,tlap of the Moslem categOrIcally denies the truth of ~VorlclF' for wall use, about 28 x 32 ~hristianity; .the only one that has, Inches. I~ t?e past, SIgnally defeated Chris- Small Outline Maps!6 are available tr.amty; the only one that seriously for individual use. Size 11 😡 14 dIsputes the world with sCevherirsatliapnairtty~· the only one that, in inches. With such an array of helps our of the ~o!ld, is to-day forestalling churches should have an unusually and gammg on Christianity."- succes,~flll year of mission study, and QUOTED BY CANON GAIRDNER, IN "The schools of missions should flourish Rebuke of Islam."

el!-r.olling members of all ages. Ad: "The Koran is a declaration of war against all mankind. Its last dItIOnal books for reading are listed chapter is a legacy of implacable aniin the Bibliography of the various mosity against the human race-outstudy b~oks. A reading program for side Islam. "-DEAN WILMAN.

an entrre congregation may be "Islam saw God but not m athn~'· planned beginning with the stories s::w the claims of deity but not which mothers read aloud to their rIghts. of humanity; saw authority ~Pr~ce, cloth. 75 cents; paper, 50 cents. but faIled to sdeeesfproeteisdmo,ms-ttifhfeerneefdorine~ hardened into Pr!ce, cloth, $1.00; paper. 60 cents. 14PrIce, 60 cents. to formalism, and sank into death. nprice, 25 cents. 16Price, 25 cents.

Mohammed teaches a God above us; to be. In the old days they came to Moses teaches a God above us and yet argue and controvert and insisted on with us; Jesus Christ teaches God doing so. 'L'o-day …. one is able to above us, God with us and God in preach the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ freely and plainly …. without US."-JAMES FREEMAN CLARKE. fear of interruption. "-w. T. FAIR- "Islam presents, even after the MAN. World War, the abolition of the Caliphate, and the present struggle "It is said that at the Lucknow for the possession of Mecca, a solidar- Conference several years ago there ity of organization unparalleled by were present five Christian clergyany other non-Christian religion." men who formerly had been Moslems. -A. E. AND S. M. ZWEMER in "Moslem At one time or another during the ..Vomen." Conference each of them bore his in- dividual testimony that the first thing "One seventh of all the children in which had drawn him toward Christ the world live under the shadow of was kindness shown him by some the crescent in the lands of Islam .. Christian." -A MISSIONARY. . . . . A conservative estimate based on the total Moslem world population "There can be no doubt that the gives the number of children under unity of Islam is rapidly dissolving. fourteen yea.rs of age at over 80,000,- The whole outlook upon life is chang- 000 . . . . . . The long unbroken line of ing. Strong nationalism, developing Moslem children, if, they stood to- in .each separate Moslem country, is gether holding hands, would stretch bringing about disruption and diviexactly twice around the globe's sion …. The dream of world conquest circumference. "-A. E. AND S. M. by the sword, furthermore, is at an ZWEMER in "Moslem Women." end. The penetration from without i~ going on steadily, but the great ,'Moslem minds are opening to new br('ak in Islam is from within. The ideas and impressions. Moslems are caliphate has ceased to be the rallyreading more widely and are study- ing centre."-A. E. AND S. M. ZWEMER ing the science of the West. Many in "lIoslem Women." are no longer content with the old Koranic laws in regard to women, "Islam has struck its tents and is and insist on education for both boys again on the march. The evidence is and girls. Out of this ferment, change too clear to be discussed with a light and revolution, nations are literally heart. Western civilization and Islam leaping into new life.' '-w. WILSON are entering one of those great periods of readjustment the like of which has CASH. not been seen for three centuries and Western civilization is prostrate and "Probably the greatest work divided."-New Y'ork World. Christian Missions have done in Mohammedan lands is to present in life "The sword of Mohammed and the and deed the fruits of Christianity. Koran are the most stubborn op- Hospitals, schools, relief of poverty, ponents of civilization, liberty and and integrity and honor in daily life truth the world has ever known."- have presented a new idea of service, religion, and manhood.' '-w. A. SIR WILLIAM MUIR.

SHEDD. LOCATING THE MOSLEM: POPULA.

"We must either give up missions TION to Moslems or go to them with the old Bible, the whole Bible, the Ten minutes with a map and a few martyr's faith. Anything else will charts will enable a leader to help a only confirm them in opposition to class or an audience to locate the Mo- Christianity. "-ST. CLAIR TISDALL. hammedans of the world. Follow the display of the map with the entrance " The spirit of these Moslems is of six boys and girls. The first should ~ntirely different from what it used

1926J BEST METHODS

carry a chart on which is printed in Other dates which may be similarly large, clear figures: presented are: Total Moslem Population of the 632-Death of Mohammed World, 234,814,989 636-Jerusalem taken 640-Conquest of Egypt This may be printed or pasted on 642-Moslem Conquest of Persia an outline map of the world. After 1453-Capture of Constantinople the audience has had time to read the chart, the leader may take a Other dates may be added as demoment for fuller statements. Five sired. "The Moslem Faces the other boys or girls may follow in Future", by T. H. P. Sailer, contains order, representing the continents. a very good historical chart, showing Each should carry a chart giving the contemporaneous happenings in the name of the continent represented various main areas of the Moslem and the Moslem population. These world, from the birth of Mohammed may be printed on plain cardboard or to the present.

superimposed on outline maps of the If an elaborate presentation of continents: dates is desired, twelve -persons may North America represent the twelve Moslem lands, 11,000 and present the dates in the chrono- South America logical order showing contempo- 193,429 raneons happenings as given in this chart. Australia and Polynesia 40,000 Europe TAKING TESTS 17,789,937 Africa This is an age of tests. Make the 59,444,397 most of them in mission study. If you do not think it advisable to Asia and Islands plnnge the average adult class into 157,336,206 abject humiliation and despair by giving them the tests prepared for The boys or girls who carry the adults, begin with Dne prepared for charts may give interesting facts concerning them.

IMPORTANT DATES juniors. The average adult of the average church may retain self-re- In a similar manner, the important spect but will have no cause for undates of Islam may be presented. seemly pride after taking one of these tests suggested for juniors. One person may carry a chart with the date, Two good True and False Tests are given on pages 33-38, "Friends of 570-Birth of Mohammed, and may say, as it is displayed, "You the Caravan Trails."

must remember me if you want to Dr. T. H. P. Sailer has prepared pass an intelligence test on lIoslem under the title "Tests on the Moslem affairs. I am the year of l'[ohammed 's World," some exceptionally good birth-570. ,,+ tests fOT special use with his book, On the second chart should be "The Moslem Faces the Future."

printed There is also a set of very interesting general tests called "What Do You 622-The Hegira The bearer Df this chart announces Know About the Moslem World 1"'" "Our year 622 is the beginning of which will be effective for groups studying any of the books on the years for Moslems. Their calendar theme. Two sections from the latter reads A. H. for Anno Hegirae instead set of tests are here suggested. of A. D., marking the Hegira, Moham- med's flight from Mecca to Medina." • Leaders may secure printed copies of both ·The figures "670" in the book "Moslem sets of tests and an answer key for the latter Women" are aD error in prInting, by application to denominationa1 literature headQ uarters.

A SINGLE-CHOICE TEST an oasis in the heart of Arabia which symbolizes paradise (2) Instructions: In each of the follow- another name for Heaven ing groups of statements put a cross among Mohammedans (3) after the number of the statement that you consider to be the correct pilgrimage center of the one. Moslem world (4) IX. The majority of the people in I. A sheik is; Jerusalem are: a well·dressed young lover (1) Mohammedans (1) a Turkish government official (2) Christians (2) a man of influence because of Jews (3) age, experience, or religious X. The majority of the people in the training (3) Holy Land are: a pilgrim of the Holy Places (4) Mohammedans (1) II. Fatima is: Christians (2) Jews (3) a common Oriental disease (1) a fine tobacco originating in XI. Mohammedans date their calendar Turkey (2) from: the Qneen of Sheba (3) Mohammed's first great mili· a favorite daughter of Mo· tary victory (1) hammed (4) the birth of Mohammed (2) the death of Mohammed (3) III. The Taj Mahal is: Mohammed's flight fro m a famous mosque ill Constan· Mecca (4) tiilOple (1) the birth of Christ (5) the Egyptian national antbem (2) XII. J eSlls' earthly life was cut short the title of the Emperor of at the age of thirty·three, but India (3) Mohammed's life was longer by a celebrated marble tomb (4) about: IV. A harem is: 5·l(} years (1) a kind of bloomers worn by 15·2,5 years (2) Oriental ladies (1) 25·35 years (3) the wife (or wives) of a 35·45 years (4) Moslem household, or the 45·50 years (5) section where she and the XIII. When Moslems pray, whether in other womenfolk Jive (2) India ~r Morocco, in Russia or the half dozen wives of a Mo· in South Africa, they always hammedan (3) face: a peculiar dance restricted to toward exact east (1) women (4) toward a certain small locality V. A millaret is: in Arabia . (2) a sacred place where people toward Constantinople (3) pray (1) toward the place on the an Oriental house·top (2) horizon (shiftillg according a tower used in caIling prayer (3) to the season) where the sun a dome with a spire . (4) actually rises ( 4) VI. A shah is: XIV. Irllq is an alternate name for: an Arabic exclamation of reo Syria (1) gret (1) Palestine (2) the supreme rnler in Persia (2) Mesopotamia (3) a rich young gallant (3) Arabia (4) the supreme ruler in Turkey ( 4) XV. The Koran is about the size of: VII. A caliph is: the New Testament (1) a Mohammedan high priest (1) the Old Testament (2) a supreme judge ill theological the whole Bible (3) disputes (2) much longer than the Bible (4) tne Mohammedan ruler recog· XVI. Mohammed lived about the year: (Underline correct date) nized as paramount (3) 500 B. C., 100 B. G., 1 A. D., the Mohammedan pope ( 4) 20() A. D., 500 A. D., 600 A. D., .700 A. D., 800 A. D., VIII. Mecea is: 1000 A. D.

a world·famous tobacco town in Arabia (1)

A CORRECT MATCHING TEST (1) Mustapha Egypt Kemal 1. The great cities listed in the first Persia column below are famous (2) Emir Feisal Arabia throughout the Mohammedan (3) Abd el Krim Mesopotamia world. Place the number of (4) Zaghlul Pasha India each before the name of the (5) Riza Khan Turkey country in the second column (6) Ibn Saud Morocco to which it belongs. Draw a (7) Shaukat Ali circle around the numbers of 'which you are sure. SILENT MESSAGES ( 1) Constantinople India Frequently the messages which are Soviet R u s s i a given in silence are most impressive. ( 2) Baghdad At one of the summer conferences, two young women, dressed in Moslem (Turkestan) costume, entered, each carrying a sheet of cardboard. On one was ( 3) Damascus Persia printed ISLAM IS and on the other ISLAM TEACHES. Following them, ( 4) Delhi French Sudan (West eight other girls entered, one at a time, carrying charts which completed Africa) the two sentences: ( 5) Cairo Syria ISLAM IS ( 6) Tehran Egypt The youngest of the wor}d's great re- ligions. ( 7) Angora Anglo·Egyptian Sudan Six hundred years younger than Chris· ( 8) Timbuktu Mesopotamia tianity.

( 9) Khartum Afghanistan A religion of intolerance.

(10) Mosul Turkey The religion of one seventh of the human race. (11) Bukhara Morocco ISLAM TEACHES (12) Singapore British Malaysia " There is no God but God and Mohammed (13) Fez is the Prophet of God."

(14) Kabul That God "created half of humanity for hell and cares not." II. Many of the greatest ruined cities of ancient history now That "God misleads whom He will and being excavated are in Moslem whom He will He guides." lands. Place the number of the city before the name of That polygamy has divine approval. the country to which it be- longs. Draw a circle around The two girls who entered first those numbers of which you stood on opposite sides on elevations are sure. sufficiently high that the eight girls who entered in order following them ( 1) Jerusalem Mesopotamia placed their· charts, one at a time, Turkey underneath to complete the sentence. ( 2) Carthage Palestine As each sentence was completed, the ( 3) Ephesus Tunis girls stepped to the side, four on one ( 4) Babylon Egypt side and four on the other side, until ( 5) Memphis Persia the audience had time to read all of ( 6) Samaria Syria the sentences and understand their ( 7) Persepolis significance. There was perfect silence ( 8) Palmyra followed by a special prayer for the ( 9) Thebes Moslem world and for missions to (10) Antioch Moslems.

[II. The follOWing great living Moslem leaders and statesmen are famous throughout the en- tire Moslem world and are mentioned repeatedly in our American newspapers. Num- ber as previously.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY THE SOUL'S SINCERE DESIRE senting different parts of China met ATTAINED at Kuling was the real work begun.

CORA E. SIMPSON, R. N. At that time plans for the grading and registering of Schools of Nursing', Yes, it is a wonderful story, but with a uniform curriculum and systhe thrilling thing about it all is that tem of examinations with one nursing it is all beautifully true and it proves diploma for China were mapped out without a doubt that there is abso- and adopted. Miss Gage was elected lutely no limit to what God can and President and under her leadership will do for the individual willing to the first schools of nursing werfl trust and follow all the way He leads. registered and the first National Con- lt has been said that the record of ference was held in Shanghai in 1914.

the Nurses Association of China for At this conference the Chinese word the past dozen years is unsurpassed by for" nurse" was adopted and has any nursing organization in any land since passed into the language of the at any time in the world's history of people. The first examinations were nursing. Nursing in China was or- held in 1915 and the diploma secured ganized, developed, and brought to by two men and one woman. its present state of high professional efficiency by missionary nurses and The difficulties of the early days when the Chinese graduate nurses seemed almost unsurmountable. The take over the work of the entire or- nurses were far separated and travel ganization, as we fully expect them was difficult, dangerous and expensive.

to do within this generation, the work There were many dialects and the will continue to be in the hands of work was looked upon as "work fit strong, skillful, Christian nurses, only for coolies." There were no who will carry out the high ideals of books written or translated into the Florence Nightingale, the Queen of language, so is it any wonder the de- all nurses, and adapt them to meet velopment was slow during the first the needs of their own people. few years 1 China with her four hundred and A few schools had been registered, a fifty million, where live one fourth of few more nurses graduated, a few the world's population and where one books translated and a few more mem- third of the world's babies are born, bers added but when we met in con- and where the need for nurses is so . ference at Hankow in 1922 we had a desperate, presents one of the most membership o£ only one hundred and inviting fields of service found in any thirty-two. In the beginning the land today. I am sure any member membership had to be composed of of the Nurses Association of China foreign members but the time seemed would join me in saying: ''It is ripe for the "advance work among great to· be out where the fight is so our Chinese people." At that meet- strong, To be where the heaviest ing the constitution was remodeled to troops belong, In this fight for God meet the needs of the growing organ- and man" where the work is so ization, a Committee on Nursing Edudifficult but so soul-satisfying and cation was established with Miss Gage the love of a great people the reward. as Chairman and a General Secretary The Nurses Association of China was elected who should give her full was organized in 1909 but not until time to the work of the Association. 1912 when a special committee reprec As soon as the request· of the Nurses 808· Association of China was granted by nese was the language of the Confer- her Board and she was released from ence. We had reached a membership her position as Superintendent of of 518, had been admitted to member- Nurses at the Magaw Hospital, Foo- ship in the International Council of chow, the General Secretary entered Nurses and all departments of the on her duties. work were growing so rapidly that it At the time- the Association prop- was decided we must plan for a Head- erty consisted of a small case, a few quarters Building to meet the Asso- papers, a small typewriter table, a ciation needs. It was decided also that decrepit, useless, old typewriter, no delegates should be sent to the next office staff, an almost empty treasury, International Council of Nurses Con- the only income the annual fees paid gress to be held in Finland in July by the members, a loyal Executive 1925.

Committee who with the membership In the early days we had some help believed that "with God nothing is from the China Medical Board for the impossible" and that He had a place translation work but that was stopped for our Nurses Association of China. just in the midst of this advance work.

The first two years the office and Again God has cared for us. Books property were kept in the Secretary's have been translated by our members bedroom. The Secretary was sent by and friends. We have published over the Executive Committee to visit all thirty new books and revised and re- the nurses' and schools of nursing in published all the old ones, :put over China. Through this nation-wide thirteen million pages of nursing text- campaign and visitation the nurses be- books through the press, sold over came vitally interested in the work of fourteen thousand dollars' worth of the Association and a strong, loyal our books in 1925 and closed the year membership was built up through with a small balance in hand. Our which future important programs Nurses Journal-published in both for the Association were successfullv English and Chinese-the only one in carried out. This travel took the Se~­ China-has been self-supporting from retary into all kinds of out-of-the-way the first issue.' Not one cent of mis- places. Hundreds of hospitals have sion money has ever gone into our been visited and addresses delivered. publications or books.

Over one thousand beds have been 'Ve have one hundred and fifteen slept in and over sixty thousand miles registered Schools of Nursing with a travelled. The ever-increasing corre- student body of nearly two thousand spondence has been carried on by the (both men and women are trained as Secretary, late and early, on trains or nurses). We have issued our diploma boats, or in Chinese inns wherever and to over one thousand graduates. Our whenever she could get time. About membership is over twelve hundred twenty-five thousand letters have been and about two thirds are Chinese cared for. We do not have a budget nurses.

today but God has cared for us and Up until the last day it seemed im- we have lacked nothing. We have possible to surmount the difficulties never been in debt and have always and send the Chinese delegate to the had a few dollars balance. Whenever International Council of Nurses Con- we need anything we send out a call gress. Nurses everywhere were pray- for prayer and God has always" dealt ing about it. At the last minute the bountifully with us. " funds were secured, the vises for the The first fruits of this labor were passports to cross Siberia were secured shown in the Canton Conference in through the Chinese Government.

1924 when for the first time in our Miss L. Wu and the General Secre- history our Chinese nurses were with tary crossed Siberia to attend the Con- us in large numbers-half of the dele- gress. One thousand and fifty dele- gates being Chinese nurses-and Chi- gates representing thirty-three coun-

tries attended the Congress. God had for research work, a large room for great things in store for our Nurses meetings. There will also be the home Association of China there. That for the secretaries and other workers great Congress decided to hold the and a Hostel for nurses passing next meeting in Peking in 1929 and through the great center of Hankow.

Miss Nina D. Gage of Changsha, At present there is no place for them China-a missionary nurse-was to stay. This building is greatly elected President of the International needed and at once. In the light of Council of Nurses. So when the great what we have told you do you think Congress meets in Peking in 1929 it this is impossible ~ If you could have will be presided over by a missionary been with us at our last conference nurse and be entertained by mission- in Nanking on Sunday and have seen ary nurses and the splendid Chinese our three hundred delegates taking nurses of today. communion, have looked into their The funds for the Headquarters faces and seen the determination and Building grew slowly. By vote of faith written there, and then rememthe Association we moved our office ber they represented the membership from Shanghai to Hankow so it would of over twelve hundred and the stube more in the center of our field. In dent body of almost two thousand and a marvelous way, unsought, a piece of your answer would be as theirs is land was offe.red to us in the spring "with God nothing is impossible." and again in the autumn. While we Because of this faith it has been pos- were praying for guidance (for we sible for God to give the things re- corded above and because of this faith felt we must be very sure of God'8 and the need this building will rise plan for the future location of our as a testimony of what God can and Headquarters Building) in reply to a will do because of the faith and the letter sent, a check for $1,000 was need of His Chinese nurses who are received from one of our loyal doctor so busy ministering to His ' , little friends. We took this as a guide and went forward with negotiations for ones" that they do not have time to the land. We asked the owner to al- tell you of their doings or needs.

low us to pay half down and half at These Chinese nurses are "our faith the end of six months. At first he and our pride, our joy and our agreed and then said that he must crown."

have all paid down at once. We could If you would like to put ~ome bricks in not do this so at five p. m. the deal was the wall send word to the General Secre- off. Our Committee prayed on. tary, Miss Cora E. Simpson, 740 Rush Before ten o'clock that night a Chinese Street, Chieago, Illinois.

gentleman came forward and offered Cora E. Simpson, R. N., a missionary of to loan us four thousand dollars with- the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of out interest for the rest of the year the Methodist Episcopal Church since 1907, if we would only buy the land for he established the Florence Nightingale Sehool of Nursing at the Magaw Memorial Hospi.

wanted "the nurses as neighbors." tal, Foochow. This was the first School of Two other friends made loans. We Nursing to receive a Registration Certipurchased the land. The loans were ficate in China and heads the list of paid off at the appointed dates and Registered Schools of the Association. the land is ours at a cost of ten thou- Since 1922 Miss Simpson has been the General Secretary of the Nurses Association sand dollars. of China. She is in the United States for The Headquarters Building we are a few months' rest and study after which she expects to resume her work in China working for will cost twenty-five thou- as secretary of the Nurses Association. sand dollars and will be the place Miss Simpson has written a book eonee.-ning where all the nursing activities of the marvelous growth of this work, "A Joy China will be handled. There will be Ride Through China for the Nurses Assooffices for the secretaries and trans- ciation of China." Price $2.00, the prolators and for editorial work, libraries ceeds to be used for the Headquarters Building Fund.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK MIGRANT GROUPS made. The workers are less suspi.

From the report of the Committee of the cious of the churches, and the com- panies ate depending most upon them ~~mJo;;:!s~~~:!~~~~Wilp~ng. 'i°d'an~~l. 'lJ,.:"':::'a';,,~ to supply the social and spiritual needs of these men. The Loyal Le- The different types of migrant workers may be listed as follows: gion of Loggers and Lumbermen, a loggers and lumber jacks, grain har- cooperative organization, is attempt- vest hands, cannery employees, fruit ing to serve the men socially and in- and truck harvesters, construction tellectually in limited areas.

gangs, sugar. beet workers, fisher- The need of social and religious men, boatmen, soldiers and sailors. services is very great in Minnesota, The needs of these groups are far Wisconsin, Michigan, New Hampshire from being adequately cared for and and Maine, but the church boards are most denominations, because of the doing little or nothing for the loggers press of other work, have been forced in these areas, and local churches are to neglect this very': important field. not doing much more. In Maine, the 1. Loggers and Lumberjacks. The Great Northern Paper Company 1920 census gives as the states in maintains a welfare department and which the lumber industry is of great- employs a full-time social worker in e:st importance: Washington, Oregon, certain camps. This is the only com- Idaho, ::iaine, New Hampshire, Min- pany in the state that is thus serv- nesota, Michigan and Wisconsin, re- ing its workers, and they report a porting workers in lumber industry great need in their own camps for ad- ranging from 4,701 in New Hamp- ditional spiritual service from the shire to 24,371 in Washington. This churches. The Crossett Lumber Com- group comprised 5% of the gainfully pany in Arkansas supports a Y. M.

employed males in Washington; 4.8'10 C. A. to the extent of $7,000 in its in Maine; 3.8% each in Oregon and main logging camp, and maintains a Idaho; 3.3.% in New Hampshire; welfare department in the mill town 1.9% in Minnesota; 1.8.% in Florida; at a cost of $40,000 annually. In 1.7.% in Wisconsin; 1.5% in Louisi- 1923, California reported from 10,.

ana; and 1.3% in Michigan. These 000 to 15,000 workers employed in the figures have greater significance when lumber industry.

contrasted with the record of .6% for From reports of missionaries and the entire United States. Nineteen others in close touch with men in the states in all employ more than 4,000 logging fields, it appears that all ef- workers in this industry and present fective religious work must be of the a challenge to the churches. sky-pilot or missionary type; that the In the Washington-Oregon-Idaho population of these camps is too un- region, the Presbyterian Church in stable and changing, to pltj,ce per- the U. S. A. is supporting eleven manent churches successfullv. The workers among the lumberjacks, the field remains largely unser,";ed and Christian Church one, and the Meth- the few missionaries now engaged odist Episcopal Church about half a among the lumberjacks are forced to dozen. In this region, because of the cover too large areas to do most ef- 1. W. W. and other radical agencies, fective work. Thousands of camps it has not been possible for the lum- remain untouched by any messenger ber companies to serve successfully of Christ, but agencies of moral de· the social needs of their workers, al. struction are everywhere surround· though some few attempts have been ing them. Dr. White, Presbyterian 811

sky-pilot, reports the need of inter- time, and 57 % had served in this denominational missions in the cities of Seattle, Everett, and Bellingham, capacity for five years or less; 43% Washington, to provide clean and de- had followed the harvest for more cent quarters for lumberjacks when they come to town; to furnish them than five seasons, 19 % more than ten with reading and writing materials, recreation and rest; to counteract the seasons. influences of agencies constantly rob- Workers are cared for in bunk bing the men of their money and any moral restraints they may have. houses, barns and homes; work hard and late hours; want little but work, 2. Grain Harvesters. The wheat meals, rest, and wages; are not much belt is Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Ne- interested in social life and religion. braska, South Dakota and Canada. Opinion has it that the remedy is so Thousands of harvest hands follow to stabilize and diversify agriculture the harvest from South to North. that this large migrant group will not Oklahoma, during a normal year, em- be neeessary. Agricultural Extenploys from 12,000 to 15,000 of these sion Departments in the wheat belt transient hands for three weeks; are giving instruction in this matter. Kansas from 20,000 to 30,000; Ne- Local churches and agencies should braska somewhat less than Kansas; in serve these groups. General welfare North and South Dakota the demand ageneies which tried to follow haragain increases. In North and South vesters have not proved generally Dakota, the Department of Agricul- successful. tural Extension is trying to introduce diversified farming with permanent 3. Oannery Hands, Fruit and employment, as a remedy for migrant Truck Harvesters. These workers are problems. Some migrant wheat har- here grouped together beeause they vesters are reported in Missouri also. are often the same workers, first har- Iowa's chief interest in this group of vesting fruit and truck, then working in canning factories. According to society lies in the fact that Sioux City is the second great gateway the census report of 1920, in Septemthrough which these workers pass to ber, 1919, there were employed in enter harvest fields of the north. canning establishments of this coun- Kansas City, Missouri, is the first and try, 198,147 workers, more than half most important gateway. Govern- of whom were female workers. In ment and private agencies are at March of the same year, only 35,692 work to place theRe men where needed hands were eng<tged by these estaband to avoid congestion and delay in lishments, at , Ilich time males far cities. outnumbered females. The differen- tial of 162,000 workers represents Migrant worker~ come from all pretty well the part-time workers enwalks of life. are I r all nationalities gaged in this industry, most of whom and conditions of s'lciety, and come are brought from eities and states from everv state in the Union. An not in the immediate locality of the analysis of 3,509 worl,ers who passed industry, and are therefore migrant through the Sioux City offine in the workers during the active season. summer of 1922 Ilhowed that there This does not take into aecount the were men from (!very state except many more tnousands of workers who harvest these and other fruit and Delaware; 43.9 % farmers or fa rm vegetable crops; unfortunately Cen- sus figures do not assist in determinhands; 12.4% common laborers; ing their number, but reports show 6.5% college stud(mts; the remaining that they are several times greater in numbers than cannery hands. 27.2% from 133 different occupations; 55% under 30 years of age, the This type of migrant differs greatly from previously noted groups belargest age group at 24 years; 11'1" cause it includes whole families in their migrations. Women and chilserving as harvest hands for firflt

926] WOMAN '8 HOME MISSION BULLETIN

dren assist in this important work "Would it not be easiest to arouse and therein lies much of the danger. public interest of the locality in work Families are quartered in small, one- for the children, and also easiest to room shacks with inadequate light establish contact with migrants by and few sanitary precautions. Pri- showing an interest in their little vacy is impossible and often comfort one;; ~ Children ought to prove exis not easily secured. These families cellent first sources of contact. Often are social outcasts from most forms the children of the camp are left to of recreation and entertainment in themselves while those older are the community where they labor; working. Organized play and kinderchurches and other local service agen- garten might be good methods for cies largely neglect this group. Chil- starting; possibly elementary school dren are taken from school early in work could be accomplished." the spring and return late in the fall. :Most children in migrant fami- The work of the Council of Women lies are retarded in education. Child Labor laws are often violated in em- for Home Missions has proved this ploying these children in harvesting approach to be very successful and fruit and truck crops. Dr. Keller, of popular. the New Jersey Agricultural Exneriment Station, says: "I have found 4. Su(%r Beet Workers. The folvery often the communities are a so- lowing states reported increased imcial menace to the casual labor rather portance of the sugar beet industry than the other way 'round. I mean in which many migrant families, the community treats these people as mostly Mexican, are employed durthey treat disease, thtly isolate them. ing the summer and autumn months: If the labor class becomes a social Idaho, Michigan, Ohio, South Damenace it is often a result of poor kota, Iowa, Colorado, North Dakota, treatment rather than a cause of their Wyoming, Kansas, Wisconsin. being casual." Dr. Folsom, of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, 5. Soldiers and Sailors. Several who has made wide studies of this denominations are supplying chaptype of migrant throughout the United States, makes the following lains for Army and Navy, and camp comments: pastors. The Protestant Episcopal "The social and religious needs of Church in 1844 organized the Seathese people are bound up with their men's Church Institute which is opereconomic needs. All should be taken ating in sixteen cities in the United into consideration in work planned. States and the Philippine Islands. Much more ought to be done. "Difficulties in establishing contacts: 6. Miscellaneous. Fragmentary re- (a) Short stay in the community. ports came in concerning cotton har- (b) Local lack of interest in them vesters, fishers, boatmen, oil field except as laborers. workers, . irrigation gangs, railroad (c) Their nationality. constructIOn gangs, corn harvesters, (d) Difference in religious and so- tobacco harvesters, etc., but time did not permit a closer study of these re- cial training and standards. ports. (e) Isolation in small groups on Come unto Me, ye weary, small farms. (f) Habit of working all members And I will give you rest.

of the family early and late. oh blessed voice of Jesus, (g) Local situations. Which comes to hearts oppressed It tells of benediction, '

Of pardon, grace and peace Of joy that hath no ending'

Of love which cannot cease.

-Selected.

NEAR EAST key, or at any rate children of refu-

Bibles Sold in Da.mascus gees, one is impressed with the tre- BIBLE Colportage, though at- mendous opportunity in work for tempted, was almost imp.ossible them. These young lives, growing in and around Damascus under the up in the greater freedom of Aleppo, Turkish regime. The Scriptures must be held and trained for Christ, were, however, regularly supplied to Most of them have lost the look of suf- the Irish Presbyterian Mission, the fering and terror which was so evi- British Syrian Mission and the Edin- dent on all faces only a short time ago.

burgh Medical Mission by the British They are looking 'forward and not and Foreign Bible Society. Since the back.' "

Turkish rule ended a distinct ad- vance has been made and Colportage Christian Books in TurKey has been conducted in all quarters of AMERICAN Board missionaries in the city. Colporteur Moses Burun- Constantinople repc.rt that at suzian has sold regularly over three present in Turkey, when ideas are hundred copies of the Scriptures a changing and reforms have been month in the city itself, and to all classes of people. There has been made, the opportunity for distributquite a demand for the Hebrew ing Christian literature is unprece- Scriptures among the Jews; and in dented. The mediums of circulation many instances complete Arabic Bi- have been book-stores in the larger bles have been sold to MOfllems. Over eities, sehools" and personal Turkish fifteen thousand copies of the Scrip- friends in the smaller towns. There tures have been sold in and around are encouraging results. In one Damascus since 1920. town, a group of dervishes are read- ing the Gospels and "Pilgrim's Prog- Christian Endeavor in Aleppo ress. " In the same interior town, a Turkish school put in a request MRS. ISABELE TROWBRIDGE for "Joseph," an Old Testament MERRILL, daughter and wife of play, for their graduating performdistinguished Congregational mis- ance. A number of college students sicnaries to Turkey, sends this story are stUdying the :0Jew Testament.

of future leaders in the Near East: The manuscript for the first "Life "A young people's rally was held in of Christ," translated into Turkish, the new Evangelical Church in is now ready for publication. It is Aleppo, Syria, recently. The four by Miss Constance E. Padwick, of Christian Endeavor societies of the Cairo, and is translated by a young city were present, the boys' and girls' Moslem woman who has been much soeieties from the camp church hav- interested in the work. It is to be ing been invited to join with the boys' published with funds provided by the and girls' societies of the city church. American Christian Literature So- The boys' society of the refugee camp ciety for Moslems.

has lately been organized with eightyfive members, and now has over a hun- "The MU880lini of Persia"

dred. When one looks at the earnest THIS is the title sometimes given and eager faces of these young people to Riza Khan, the new Shah of and realizes that almost without Persia, about whom the following exception they are refugees from Tur-. facts are given in the Kurdistan Mis- 814

1.926] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

sionary: "A man with an iron will, in prayer, then to comment on the practical and diplomatic, he made Bible passage for the day, and finally and unmade prime ministers, de- t() lead the meeting." posed shahs and established a new republic. The Persian press, mer- Intercessors in Isla,han chants and the common people are A MISSIONARY in Persia, quoted almost unanimously in his favor. in Evangelical Christendorn, The only class which opposed him in writes: "We have had a very help- ] 924 were the neglected mullahs. ful week of prayer here in Isfahan, Since his recall he has put forth the meetings being well attended painstaking efforts to make the right up to the end. The week of mullahs his friends. Arthur Chester prayer makes a very great appeal to Millspaugh, head of the financial our Persian Church, and we look upmission sent to Persia from the on it as a regular part of our church United States in 1923, is extremely organization. The meetings were this popular with Riza Khan, because the year taken chiefly by Persian Chris- Persians know that the Amerieans tians, though we had an Armenian desire no unfair advantages. It is reported that Riza Khan treats the to conduct one meeting and a Hebrew Bahais, a progressive all-Persian Christian on Saturday. It is difficommunity, the Jews and the Zoro- cult to arrange time to get all our astrians very favorably. Though people together for a week, as the men are at work and cannot easily himself uneducated in the ordinary come in the afternoons, and the wosense of the word, he is encouraging men could not come out at all in the the Persians and the foreigners to evenings; but in spite of difficulties cooperate in improving the educa- we had from thirty-five to forty Pertional system of his country." sian Christians daily, besides mission- Women in the Persian Church aries, and they took up the inter- cession topics very heartily."

MRS. J. DAVIDSON FRA"!1E, of the American Presbyterian Mis- Bible Teaching in ~nscat A sion in Resht, Persia, writes: "MoreT MUSCAT on the Persian Gulf, the Reformed Church in Ameriand more we who have had all sorts of Bible helps and commentaries and ca has a well-established mission, instruction in the home marvel at where the seed of the Word is being these unlearned women whose one sown. Without funds for the rent book is the Bible. Their search of of a school building Rev. G. D. Van the Scriptures is untiring. One re- Peursem went ahead with school cent convert is already teaching work at his home and reports a daily others how to read the Bible and in- attendance of fifteen boys whom he structing them in its doctrineg as she is teaching the rudiments of educa- knows them. You know the place a tion and giving the Gospel at the woman has in Moslem countries. It same time. Among them are some is good to watch the place a woman of the brightest boys of the Koran has among our Persian Christians. school and one lad whose father, now At first she is diffiuent about express- deceased, was formerly one of the ing her thoughts in a public prayer strongest opponents of the mission in meeting, but gradually as she realizes Muscat. His daily program cloRes the freedom that she has in Christ with the reading of a chapter of the she becomes more and more to see Bible, and the singing of two hymns.

that she is -only one of a large and Each boy takes his turn in reading sympathetic family and allows her- a verse of Scripture. Miss Lutton self to assume the privileges of the reports a Sunday-school service num- membership in that family, until she bering in attendance between fifteen is free to talk to the common Father , and sixty-five, the majority of them

BaJuchis, but among them in increas- inces to whom we art' not supposed ing numbers Arabs. to tell the good news …. There are in addition about 700,000 pagans in Up" and Down" in Kuwait this territory."

T HE evangelistic work carried on in .Kuwait, Arabia, has met with Si", Que.tiolUl at Once I encouragements as well as discour- N a recent letter, written from 'the agements. Bible shop work is as ex- Egypt General Mission Hospital, tensive as ever. Sunday afternoon Shebin-el-Kanater, Egypt, Mr, H.

services attract a remarkably large Frank Roe tells of experiences when audience of lV[oslems, both men and itinerating in Egyptian villages, He women, A young man baptized sev- writes: "At least twice a week dur- eral years ago continues to testify for ing the summer months I go out with his Master, Another young man de- one of our Egyptian fellow-helpers.

clares he has become a Ch:-istian and There are about thirty villages with- has at times confessed the same be- in a four-mile radius of Shebin, and fore Moslems, On the other hand, we systematically Visit these every Rev. E. E. Calverley reports a new few weeks, Usually we get a respect- form of opposition in the form of an ful and attentive hearing, until, as Arabic book in refutation of Chris- we proceed, the gospel light throws tianity written and published by the into glaring relief some error of Mos- ·chief religious leader of the Persians lem faith. Then the devil asserts his ·of Kuwait. The book consists of two presence, and we are besieged with parts, the first a refutation of five a dozen questions, When six men doctrines ·of Christianity, and the shout at us six different questions at second a reply to Goldsack's book one and the same time, and the whole "Christ in Islam," It is interesting company of men starts yelling, you to note that the school teacher who can imagine what pandemonium is helping Dr. Calverley has under- Teigns ! Under these circumstances -taken to prepare a reply. our only resource is prayer, and we therefore pause for a few minutes AFRICA until quiet returns, We set out each Preaching to Moslem. Forbidden day aiming for a specific village, but REV. JOHN HAY, of the Sudan occasionally we pause to talk with a Interior Mission, writes in the roadside @'oup sheltering under a London Christwn, "It seems in· tree from the scorching sun."

credible that under the British flag today there are countries in which S. S. Grading in the Sudan T the missionary of the Gospel has no HE growth of Sunday-school work among the Shilluk tribe in liberty to preach. Such is the case in Northern Nigeria, Because of a the Southern Sudan was described statement made by a British repre- in tl:'l June Review, A later report sentative who made a treaty with the states: "The Shilluks entrusted with Moslem chiefs-a statement to the ef- grading the Sunday-school have their fect that Government does not inter- own picturesque way of describing fere with religion-it is held that the the classes: Men Who Are Con- Christian missionary must not be al- sidered Honorable (i.e. grey-haired lowed to preach to the Moslems in men), Those Who Are Younger, four great provinces. The doors are Those Just Married, The Boys Who ,closed, 'as it is against government Dance, The Boys Who Have Just Be- policy to permit Christian propagan- gun to Dance, The Boys Who Herd da within the areas which are pre- the Cattle, The Little Boys Who ·dominantly Moslem.' The last cen- Herd the Sheep. The training class sus, taken in 1921, shows 6,699,427 is organized, with a chief, a chief- Mohammedans in the Northern Proy- on-whom-he-has-his-feet, and a chief-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of·writing. The main school at Do- ing a summons to heathen sacrifice.

leib Hill is overflowing the church In another part of the district some building. Five classes are held out- converts were fined for planting of-doors. A year ago there were 26 yams, etc., on their farms before the baptized Shilluks. Today there are day arranged for holding the festival 87. The tribe numbers about 60,000. of the Orisa-oko, a pagan rite. Quite Mrs. Oyler, of the United Presby- recently in a town near Owo a young terian Mission, writes: 'The Chris- woman, a convert of only a few years'

ti;:!ns are very much interested :in standing, has borne severe bodily suf- this village S. S. work, but the time fering for the sake of her faith.

will come when the novelty will wear off. Weare praying for that time. "The Preacher, the Big Stick"

O A regular routine, day after day, re- NE of the distinctive qualities of African Christian leaders seems quires more strength.' "

Ex-Medicine Man an Evangelist to be their apt use of figurative lan- guage. A recent illustration of this A RCHDEACON E. W. DOur,- comes from the Christian Alliance TON, of Tanganyika Territory, Mission in the Congo. The teachers East Africa, tells the story of the of the district had met for prayer conversion of a medicine man, Ka- and council. They were discussing hodanga, who when he was baptized the lack of interest and zeal in the at about thirty years of age, took schools. The native pastor used this the name Yohana (John). He con- 'wise illus"tration : "We llile large tinues: "It is estimated that Yo- sticks of wood to keep the fire burn- hana, this ex-medicine man, has been ing at night or when we are away the instrument in God's hands in the from home. Some wood holds the conversion of fully one hundred Wa- fire well, some burns out quickly. If gogo, and his village, where there is the fire in the large piece of wood now a considerable Christian com- goes out, we cannot use it to kindle munity, is a light in the great dark- the other sticks of wood. We preach- ness around. It is in many respects ers are the large sticks of wood. If a model village, in which heathen our people are not on fire it would dances and the brewing or use of be well for us to examine the large pombe (native beer) are forbidden. sticks first and see why the fire is Yohana is a teetotaller and non- not burning there. If you are on smoker. Three of his sons are now fire so will your people be also."

Christian teachers, two of them being in charge of out-stations from which Malagasy Tribute to Bible D converts to Christ are being gathered.URING his visit to Madagascar, W. J. W. Roome, of the British Yohana is now quasi-pastor, and superintends the work of four out-sta- and Foreign Bible Society, was weltions in the Buigiri district." comed at a great meeting of Malagasy Yorll.ba Christians Persecuted Christians at Imerina. The follow- ing is an extract from an address of REPRESENTATIVES of the welcome which was delivered by Church Missionary Society find Randzavola, a pastor: "The misthat the persecution of Christians is sionaries and the Bible are like the by no means a thing of the past in right and left hand, working together !the Yoruba country, Wesit Africa, in the garden of the Lord here in and men and women are Rtill called this our island. Far be it from me upon to suffer in various ways for to belittle the work of missionaries; their faith. For insta'nce, twelve but they themselves are witnesses men living at a C.M.S. out-station that the Bible has accomplished much in the Benin district were fined £5 more than they alone could have pos- each in the native court for disobey- sibly done. There was a time, twen- 6

ty-five years ago, when the mission- be in close association with the misaries were not allowed to stay in our sionaries at the Forman Christian country; but because the Bible re- College. Rev. E. T. Jenkinson, who mained the work they had begun during the past year has been taking was by no means destroyed …. And a special course at Manchester Uniup to the present the Bible has found versity to fit him for work among entrance into many Malagasy homes. Moslems, was appointed, and was to into some of which the missionary sail from England for India on Sephas difficulty in gaining admission." tember 14th.

INDIA AND SIAM Non-Christian Students Responsive India's Attitude toward Christ EV. CANON A. W. DAVIES, R NOTE of warning is sounded in A an editorial in the NatixJnal John's College, in Agra, North India, principal of the C.M.S. St.

Christian Council Review, which recently invited the students of the says: "It is not often realized that college, including Moslems and Hin- the genuine admiration for Jesus' dus, to the occasional services which Christ and the remarkable spirit of are held on Sunday a:l'ternoons for receptiveness towards His teaching the Christian staff and students.

so common in India at the present Quite definitely he explained that it day exist side by side with an abso- would be Christian worship, and that lute refusal to ascribe to Him any it would give an opportunity for position of uniqueness …. Christian- openly acknowledging the drawing ity may cease to be allied with an of Christ and the desire to serve and alien culture and strengthen all the follow Him, and to enter more. and good and noble elements in the social more into His Spirit. It could not, and religious life of India; Chris- therefore, have been very easy for tianity may become indigenous in the non-Christian students to attend, India, adopting modes of life and yet .some thirty or forty of these worship and thought which are came, and a little later, when the in- suited to the people of this land; and vitation was repeated especially to yet the incompatibility between the the senior students, there was a most il'und,lamen;tal position of Hinduism encouraging response. Canon Davies and Christianity about the unique- remarks: ""Ve are only feeling our ness of Jesus Christ as the revelation way; but experiences of this sort, and of God will remain and will have to the knowledge of not a few in the be met." college who are very near the King- dom, together with the unique ex·· Union Work for Indian Moslems perience of the baptism of one who I N OCTOBER, 1925, representa- left the college twelve years ago, a tives of the (English) Wesleyan Hindu Brahmin, have filled us with Methodist Missionary Society gave new courage and hope."

expression to their conviction that work among Moslems in India should Gandhi on "the Language of Love"

A be undertaken by the various T a tea given by the American Board missionaries at :M"ahachurches and societies in cooperation, and an offer was made of a man to bleshwar, India, Mahatma Gandhi such a cooperative mission. This ac- made a brief address, speaking par- tion resulted in the Conference of ticularly to the missionary members the British Missionary Societies ap- of the language school. He expressed pointing a group representative of his hearty approval of the desire of the principal societies to consider the young missionaries to learn the this proposaL It was decided to ac- language of the country, and paid cept the offer and to send the man tribute to the linguistic achievements for training to Lahore, where he will of the missionary group. He stated

NEWS FlCOM MANY LANDS

his regret, however, at the failure of in the city or are off on tour to the many missionaries-in faet most of far part of the district. In addition the missionaries-to learn the lan- to this bazaar work, for many years guage of the Indian heart-the lan- members have voluntarily carried on guage of love. This failure is the personal work among a community more disappointing because the mis- of outeastes. Less than a year ago, sionaries come to India in the name on their own initiative, Indian mem- of love, and the Indian expects, and bers of the congregation planned a has the right to expect, the manifes- campaign with the objective of win- tations of this spirit. The missionary ning this community for Christ_ preaches love, but how often his ac- They organized the work themselves: tions belie his words. and conducted it, and within the last month or two have baptized Nepal Slaves Set Free about sixty. That these converts: THE plan for the abolition of may continue to grow in their new slavery in Nepal was last re- life and in the grace of the Lord one ferred to in the Review in March. A of our Indian Christians is providing speeial cablegram to the New York the salary for a full-time teacher."

Times August 29th announced the completion of the plan at a cost of Revising the Siamese Bible D $1,366,250, an average of $25 a slave, URING the past two years, re- ports Rev. Paul A. Eakin, of the total number liberated with compensation by the Government being Bangkok, Siam, "a little group com- 51,782. The rates paid in compensa- posed of three Siamese pastors and tion ranged from $7 for a female two young evangelistic helpers-all and $5 for a male under three years graduates of the Bangkok Christian old to $35 for a female and $26 for College–and a missionary have been a male between the ages of thirteen trying to put the Scriptures of the and forty. After forty the price New Testament into more idiomatic dropped fifty per cent. Tracts of and attractive :Siamese, as well as cultivable land have been thrown produce a more accurate translation open to the emancipated slaves in the of the Greek manuscripts …. The hills, and reclamation and clearance work has given them a deeper appre- works have been started in Tarai, ciation of the true nature of the suitable advances of cash being made Scriptures. Over and over again the to the freedmen by the reclamation pastors would jot down in their per- and agricultural offices. The Tmne.~ sonal notebooks obscure texts which despatch gave the credit both for con- had flamed out anew as the real ceivinll' and carryinl? out the plan to meaning was brought ont clearly in the Prime Minister of Nepal, but their own tongue, and the light in earlier accounts have made the Ma- their faces at such times is something harajah the chief figure. one will not soon forget. "

Indians Evangelize Outoastes CHINA THE United Presbyterian Church Mission for Ricksha Coolies be!1-'an its work at .Jhelum, in the Punjab, fifty years ago. One of its T OUCHED by the hardships of the missionariei' there writes: "Most en- ricksha men in Shanghai, Mr. couraging of all is the voluntary, George Ma:theson founded in 1913 evangelistic zeal displayed by Indian a mission; especially for this latrge members of our little church. Al- group. The latest report states: though they are not paid for this ser- "During this troubled year there has vice, they continue the regular evan- been no decrease in the numbers passgelistic preaching in the bazaar, ing through the mission premises and whether the missionaries are present attending the daily and nightly gatherings in the open air, and in

the halls. Even during the disturb- Car·toons." They are issued four on ances, the usual large crowds (jn a sheet in wall-scroll form and in.- which representatives from most of tended to be shown one by one as the provinces might be found) were the Bible story is told. The sketches always present, and orderly and have heavy lines with little detail, so friendly in attitude. The usual rou- that they may be easily seen across tine was carried on uninterruptedly. the schoolroom and comprehended by Sick and injured men were sent to scholars with little Bible knowledge; hospital and the destitute were re- moreover, being in Chinese style, the lieved as usual. In visiting and open- attention of the children is not diair work large numbers of men, wo- verted by too many foreign features men, and children are reached who in the picture. would otherwise remain unknown, and in the course of this itinerant Rewards of Out-Station Work work large quantities of suitable literature are distributed, includin[! REV. R. G. COONRADT, Ameri- Scripture portions and leaflets." can Presbyterian missionary in Tsingtao, Shantung Province, since A General's Zeal for His Men 1912, writes of llis country field: "Imagine our preaching and teach- REV. FRANK A. KELLER, of ing the gospel message, day after the Hunan Bible Institute, after day, to people who never would hear describing the Christian earnestness it if we did not tell them. There is of General Chang, who was men- always just another village or town tioned in the June, 1925, REVIEW, beyond asking you to come to them, says: "Through the enthusiastic as- It means another day, but who can sistance of Chief-of-Staff Chang, the resist the call? How many hundreds way was opened for the preaching of of Christian friends at home would the Gospel to every unit of the third give so much just for this one chance, division of the Hunan armv that was and with this thought and knowing. at Changsha. One week ;e had the that Christ is calling them I have soldiers here night after night to hear extended my trip and pushed on the Gospel, and see it, too, as illus- many times. One new convert said, trated by stereopticon slides. One 'I know the foreign pastor is too busy Dr two nights we had as many as to come to my home, but I do wish fourteen hundred here. Half of he could make just one visit and help them listened to the preaching of the me explain 'the Gospel to myoId Gospel in groups of about one hun- father.' This illiterate man had been dred each while the other half saw converted while in Manchuria. He the pictures in the auditorium; then came home to take care of his aged they changed places, so that all had father, and began at once to study the privile-ge of seeing the slides. the Bible and attend church at the Sunday afternoon services were held nearest meeting place. We went to in a number of the different camps." his home and his father was baptized later, and now the man has his uncle THE Bible Picture Cartoons and many others of his town study- China Sunday School Union ing, " has issued. chiefly for use in primary and daily vacation Bible Chinese Girls in Factories schools, a spries of line sketches illustrating. in Chinese style bat not CHEFOO, in Shantung Province, Chinese figures, the life of Christ. is described in a recent report as Cooperating with a Chinese artist, "a town where hundreds of women Rev. J. P. Esney, of the Presbyterian have bound feet, but still a town of Mission in Shanghai, produced this factories where these same women series, which they call" Bible Picture trudge bravely home at clusk on their tiny feet." 'l'his past year about 150

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

girls, most of whom work from six for souls far more precious than gold in the morning until six at night, en- are being won for Christ in this rolled in the popular education night place. Six men were baptized and classes. "A Y.W.C.A. secretary on five men and three 'women were reher first visit found twenty-eight lit- ceived as candidates for baptism. tle peanut sorters, hair-net menders, One of the first group is a man of silk spinners and embroiderers, try- considerable ability but has been ing to read under one dim lamp, and rather a bad fellow, much given to some were carefully drawing charac- litigation. Thank God, there is ,a ters on their slates which said, 'The great change in him and he shows liberty of an individual is sacred and those evidences of the new birth cannot be encroached upon.' How which always rejoice the missionary's will they explain the world when they heart. Recently he greatly befriendbecome conscious of individual worth ed one of his old enemies t() such an on one hand and a twelvp-hour day extent that his heathen neighbors for women and children on the were amazed at such an exhibition of loving forbearance." other? " Texts and Pictures in Tibet Labor ProbleD1s and the Y.W.C.A. BISHOP WARD, of the Moravian THE annual report of the Y.W. Church, writes of the work of C.A. of China contains the fol- Rev. H. F. Burroughs, of Khalatse, in lowing signfficant statement: "In- the Western Himalayas: "A supply of Tibetan text-posters has been obdustrial problems have loomed large tained from Shanghai. One of these is displayed in a large frame hung in China in the last year. The agi- on the verandah, and is read by all who come to the house, often opening tation that led to the May 30th affair up the way for a talk· about the Gos- pel. The text 1 John 5: 12 is exarose from labor troubles. The ap- cellent in dealing with Buddhists, as it admits of no ambiguity. One day palling number of strikes within the some lamas from a distant lamasery arrived, and cons,iderable time was last year show an increasing unrest spent in talking about this text, and also in showing them pictures in the and dissatisfaction on the part of la- church. One of them bought a gos- pel, and Mr. Burroughs was able to mboar~ and while some of these strikes give them a good supply of tracts and have been animated by political other literature to take back to their isolated abode. Some time ago, when motives, undoubtedly many of them preaching in Khalatse, he showed Copping's picture, 'The Hope of the have had their origin entirelY in la- World'-depicting our Lord with children representative of the five bor problems. The most striking fact continents. This so took the fancy of an old man that he gave Mr. Burin the industrial world is the unpre- roughs no peace until he got him one like it. This the old man has nailed cedented growth of labor unions, pre- up in his house."

senting a factor tremendous in its JAPAN-KOREA possibilities both for good and for Press, FilD1S and Ra.dio evil. The intensity of feeling that is DESCRIBING the present mission- ary opportunity in Japan, Mrs. developing puts a burden of respon- R. P. Gorbold writes: "The atten- sibility upon Christian forces, great- er than we have ever faced before.

The Y.W.C.A., nationally and local- ly, has been aware o~ this need and has played its part m the effort to meet it."

The ViIIage of YeIIow Gold T HE origin of the name, which is thus translated, of the market town in Szechwan Province is obscure but, writes Rev. C. B. Hannah, of th~ China Inland Mission, "from a spiritual point of view· the name has now a very blessed significance,

tion of the public is being arrested the Sunday-school, with Buddhist and a desire to know more about motives, which is being attempted in Christianity aroused by at least three Japan to-day. This mixture she calls far-reaching agencies: the news- "synthetic bread." She says: "If papers, the movies and the radio. For it fails to satisfy the people, how do instance, the two English dailies the priests thrive on it? The contact edited and pUblished by Japanese, one with Western materialism has shat- in Tokyo and one in Osaka, devoted tered the faith of many priests, pages before and after Christmas Day notably the chief abbot of the largest to the Christmas message….. As to sect of Japan, Count Otani, who has the movies, no doubt the films that resigned his office, and is a business are detrimental are overwhelmingly man to-day. He argues that prayer is in the majority, but there are others logically impossible. To the world he that portray the beauty of upright is famous for his luxurious living living in striking contrast with the and his debts. Some young priests do ugliness of sin. Besides these so-called not realize that the adapted hymns moral films a number of distinctively and manuals which they use are really Bible films have been very popular. Christian hymns disguised. When And through the radio the seed is be- they awake to discover the source ing literally broadcast." (which honest study must disclose), their position becomes patlietic. They Cured Lepers Evangelists are like chemists watering down a T HE leper colony at Kwangju, first-class prescription and selling it Korea, is widely known. Dr. R. as their own patent medicine. There- M. Wilson, the physician in charge, fore, with every prayer for Japan writes: "We feel that the results of pray for the priests."

the leper work from an evangelistic point of view are as encouraging as Town Crier Calls to Church the cures from the drug treatment, R EV. Henry M. Bruen, Presbyand of course they are even more terian missionary in Taiku, permanent….. We have sent out over Korea, since 1899, writes of a unique 150 cases from the Leper Colony experience which he and a Korean whom we consider probably cures, elder had in a certain village: "We and among these Some who were dis- had agreed to visit the sarangs tinctly evangelistic in spirit have gone (guest-rooms) after supper and inout and done splendid work in start- vite all whom we fOUIid to attend the ing churches. Seven of our cured evening service. However, while we lepers have gone back to their villages were eating supper the town crier's and have started thriving churches. voice was heard calling the villagers Five cured ones are now employed as to a town gathering. Our hearts country evangelists in remote dis- sank, as it seemed this doomed to tricts, and ten are doing good work failure any attempt to get the nonfor the churches in their own villages Christians at the church. So we gave without pay. The lepers are in- up the idea of visiting the sarangs structed to watch for any active sign and had just opened our service for or return of the diseases, and to COme the Christian constituency, when the back for examination. Occasionally church door opened and the koo-chang one returns." (headman) led in a number of the Plight of Japanese Priest. villagers and requested us not to pro- ceed too fast as he was going out for MISS A. M. HENTY points out in some more. The village crier had been an interesting article in the sent out by that non-Christian head- Church Missionary meaner the spirit- man to call the people together to ual inadequacy of the combination of hear the gospel message. Shortly he Christian methods, such as those of returned with another group and we

1926J NEWS FHOM MANY LANDS

preached to a full house. After the The period between Christmas and meeting closed he sat for an hour or Easter has been settled on for the more and talked with US." campaign, which is to extend not only over the United States but in Canada Bibles in Pockets and Heads and in several European countries. Dr. Stelzle said of it: CHRISTIANITY is responsible for one change in Korean dress- This campaign will not be merely a "Gothe use of pockets, according to Mrs. to-Church" movement. Our primary object Roy K. Smith of Chairyung, Korea, is to show the country of what religion conwho says: "There were no pockets sists. The messages to be prepared by the in the old Korean coat, but the Chris- commission of 100 clel'gymen will contain tian needed a place for his Bible, for the fundamental teachings of Christianity 'coming to church without a Bible is not only with regard to personal religion practically unknown in Korea. Fol- but with reference to tbe attitude of the lowing American example he made a Church toward present-day problems. large pocket in his jacket, and later 'several on ,a sleeveless coat or vest for Forerunner of Student Movement his Bible and other prize treasures. But it is not enough to carry the Bible REV. George A_ Wilder, for many in one's hand or pocket. We have years a missionary of the Amerimany who carry great sections, even can Board in South Africa and a whole books', in their heads and can brother o,f Rev. Royal G. Wilder, Tecite without a mistake long pas- founder of the Review, writes that sages. One man walked a hundred the organization of the Student miles to recite the Sermon on the Volunteer Movement for Foreign Mount to his pastor. When he Missions at Mount Hermon in 1886 finished, he was told that was all very was preceded by a similar student well, but he must not be content with movement twelve years earlier. He having it in his head, he must have says: it in his heart and put it into -practice. His reply was: 'But that " In the year 1878, Dr. W. H. Saunders is the way I learned it. At first I and I were in Hartford Seminary. It was tried to memorize it, and it would not tben that we conceived of the idea of getting 'stick, so I tried this plan. I would into touch with others in different seminaries learn a verse, and then go out and who, like ourselves, had determined to be practice it on a heathen neighbor un- foreign missionaries. As a result, cortil it would stick.' " respondence was started and we learned, much to our joy, that students in Princeton NORTH AMERIOA were working alon'g' the same lines. In th3 year following, in June, 1879, there met in 'Plan for Advertising the Ohurch New York City a small company of students who hail pledged themselves to be foreign A CHURCH advertising campaign missionaries. This was the first gener~l gathering of student volunteers, – will be conducted by the International Advertising Association, The organized movement was founded as a formerly the Associated Advertising result of the Student Conference at Maunt Clubs of the World. A commission Hermon at the invitation of D. L. Moody 'of one hundred clergymen of various in 1886 a.nd John N. Forman (Princeton denominations will prepare the mes- Colle!!e. '84) and Robert P. Wilder (Prine,,- 'sages to be promoted. This announce- ton '86) were the first traveling secretaries. went was made by Rev. Charles 'Stelzle, D.D., President of the Church Ministry to New York Lepers Advertising department of the as- 'sociation. Dr. Stelzle is remembered R EV. ANNESLEY T. YOUNG, -as the founder both of Labor Sun- D.D., of the Episcopal City Mis- -day, nearly twenty years ago, and of sion in New York City, has interested -the Labor Temple in New York City. himself particularly in the lepers who are cared foi- by the Government on North Brother Island in the East River, opposite 140th st. The settle- ment is not permanent in the sense that the lepers are transferred as soon as possible to the government colonies

in the Gulf of Mexico. However, there Women's Christian Association, under is occasion for frequent ministrations whose auspices it has been carried on among them while they are in New for six summers was that college wom- York. The Government takes excel- en might share the experiences of lent care of these people, so that there women workers on whom they depend is not much that can be done for them for many necessities. "College wom- in a material sense; however, the en who have missed much of life's sympathy and fellowship of a repre- drudgery are eager to know in their sentative of Christ is of immense own bodies and minds what it means value. Chaplain Young has provided to be part of the present industrial a phonograph and records, a radio to system, " says the announcement.

bring in the outside world, magazines, "They will acquire concrete facts on but, especially, himself in the, mani- which to base their study of industrial festation of his concern and sym- problems. They will increase the pathy, to emphasize the spiritual side number of college people who know of life with its strength and hope. and can cooperate with industrial workers. " After working hours' the Women DiscDss Raee Question group met for informal discussions THE women members of the with labor leaders, social workers and Federal Council's Commission on employers. At all other times they the Church and Race Relations, in lived, ate and spent their leisure with cooperatiori with the Council of their fellow·workers at typical recrea- Women for Home Missions and the tion, as well as at the work bench.

National Board of the Y. W. C. A., Y. W. C. A. Membership Plan held an Interracial Conference of Church Women, September 23rd-24th I N THE news item in the June REat Eagles Mere, Pa. The objects of the VIEW on the annual Y. W. C. A. conference were: (1) To enlarge the Convention, it was stated that an scope of interracial thinking and to optional membership plan had been_ enlist the women of the churches adopted, "which permits others than more actively in improving relations members of Evangelical Christian between white and colored groups in churches to become full voting mem- America; (2) -To discuss methods of bers of the Association." The Bul- letin issued by the Federal Council of bet t e r interracial organization Churches gives the following explanathrough churches and their auxiliaries tion of this plan: so that women may more effectively act on local interracial conditions; Henceforth any city, town or rural As· (3) To exchange concrete experience sociation may choose either, to use the from groups ()of women that have al- present church membership basis which con· ready attempted to carry out inter- fines its voting and office-holding members racial programs; (4) To study the to those who are members of churches eligible to membership in the Federal past experience of organizations that Council of Churches, or the alternative per· have done such work, to learn both sonal basis which confines its voting and from successes and failures, how best o.ffice-holding members to those who have to proceed in the future. made a declaration of loyalty to the purpose of the Association, promising to endeavor to uphOld it in their Own lives and in their College Girls in Factories work in the Association. The" purpose" contains four statements embodying loyalty DURING the past summer twelve to Jesus Christ, growth in Christian character, leading young women into the college girls spent six weeks of Christian Church and becoming a social force their vacation in Chicago factories, for the extension of the Kingdom of God. having pledged themselves to live on Three fourths of the memhers of the boards, their wages. The purpose of the ex- of the officers and of voting delegates to conventions must be members of churches periment, as stated by the National eligible to membership in the Federal Student Council of the Young Council.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

J apan.ese-American Citizens future of the mission work in Mexico.

ACCORDING to a writer in World More than half a century of faithful Call, "the Oriental problem in seed-sowing is behind us. We believe America" is a problem of the that in the next decade rapid prog- American-born. B!1ng citizens by ress will be made in the establishment right of birth they long to be treated of a self.supporting and self·governas such, yet they are not treated as ing Evangelical Church that under Americans. Their capacity for divine guidance will leaven the whole citizenship is illustrated by a pupil land. "-Christian Observer.

in the Sunday school of the Japanese Christian Church at Berkeley, Cali- Training Porto Rican P …..tor.

T fornia. The American Legion pro- HE fine spirit of cooperation which prevails among the missionmoted an essay contest with the American flag as the subject. This aries of the various denominations at thirteen-year-old girl, whose parents work in Porto Rico was referred to are Japanese, wrote the following es- in the June Review, and the union say which was adjudged one of the theological seminary was mentioned three best in California: as one of the striking. expressions of I pledge allegiance to you, flag of my that spirit. This institution is con- United States, in word and in deed. I be· trolled by a board of trustees, com- lieve you will help me to be a loyal citizen posed of one member appointed by both in peace' and in war. I believe that each of the seven cooperating deyou will lead the world, not only in strength nominations. The curriculum probut in righteousness; I believe that your vides for a three years' course for stars are the shining symbol of the eternal brotherhood of men in the world. "Old which a high school diploma and Glory," as I stand and salute your heroic about one half of a college course are eolors of Red, White, and Blue, I promise for the present required. Additional to follow y~ur ideals of "Liberty, .Justice, work and the full college course are and Peace, ' not only for America but for the world. required of candidates for the degree LATIN AMERICA of Bachelor of Theology. "The seminary," reports its president, Rev.

Reasons for Hope in Mexico James A. McAllister, "has given Porto REV. H. L. RO~S! Southern Rico a native ministry. A dozen Presbyterian mIssIOnary in years ago, as many as ten and twelve Mexico, gives the following reasons American missionaries were caring for his confidence in the future of for the Presbyterian churches. Now, Christ's klingdom in that country: all the thirty-three churches have "As we observe how nobly the Porto Rican pastors. Practically the national evangelistic workers are same is true of the other denominabracing themselves to meet the larger tions. Over a hundred men have redemands on them and their churches, ceived preparation and there are now as we become more confirmed in the about seventy-five ordained Porto conviction we have always had that Rican ministers in the seven denomithe Mexican Government is friendly nations and a considerable number toward the Protestant work, as we of preachers not yet ordained."

enjoy such cordial expressions of love and confidence on the part of our Negro Missionary in Pa.na.Dla I national fellow-workers and the mem- N THE fall of 1923, a young Pana- bers of the churches along with man Negro came to the Bible expressions of confidence and ap- House of the American Bible Society preciation by a large number of the at Cristobal, Canal Zone, with a little influential citizens of our town, and, notebook. It contained a translation above all, as we read the Great Com- of the Gospel of Matthew into the mission and tbe promise attached dialect of the Valiente Indians of thereto, we are confident as to the Panama which he wished the Bible

Society to publish. S"ecTrheti~sr"y writes ready, the rubber traders are seeking Rev. R R Gregory, of the their prey and the Indian is on the alert. In all the province of Velasco Caribbean Agency of the Society, there is a dread of the foreigner. No Indian whom we saw by the roadside "was the beginning of our acquaint- would await our approach-he im- mediately disappeared into the forest. ance with Mr. E. S. Alphonse, an un- Every house at which we called suspected us. The master of the house usu~lly gifted young man." He was invariably jumped for his rifle as we appeared and held it handy until he converted about ten years ago, and at once became especially interested in taking the Gospel to the Valiente Indians of Panama. Although some of the Indians had learned to speak Spanish, in order to reach the tribe had ascertained our business. In these as a whole Mr. Alphonse lived several two provinces of Chiquito and Velasco years among them to learn their ways. there must be at least fourteen to He not only learned to speak their fifteen thousand Indians without a language but also reduced it to writ- witness for Christ among them." ing for the first time.

EUROPE Witch Doctor's Testimony Mosques in Paris and London AN INDIAN, fifty-six years of age, MOSLEM propaganda in Europe appeat;ed before the Session of continues unabated. An Asthe church in San Felipe, Guatemala, sociated Press report described the to be admitted as a catechumen. The dedication in Paris on .July 15th of following report is given of a part the first mosque in France. Those of his examination: "I am a new who were present at the ceremony inman. I no longer have a thirst for cluded President Doumergue, Mulai drink. I feel a great shame when I Youssef, Sultan of Morocco; Lord think of deceiving my fellows with Crewe, the British ambassador; the witch doctor rites. Here is my Minister of War Guillaumat, Gen. bag of red beans. I want them to be Gouraud and many other well-known yours as a token of a sinner saved. persons. President Doumergue and Above all God has come into my life. the Sultan were escorted by a special native guard of honor. Thousands of I believe in Him. I want to serve and to honor Him. " " And do you Mohammedans from Tunis, Morocco promise with the help of God to ab- and Algeria crowded the streets leadstain from all these superstitious rites ing to the mosque. According to the in the future f" "Of course. When report, "the presence of the British you have come into the light, you ambassador was remarked as a tribute don't want to go back into the dark to its Moslem subjects by the British again, do you?" Government. "

Rubber Trade in Bolivia Students of Islam are familiar with the activities of the Moslem group at A TRIP into the interior of Bolivia W oking, London. It is now reported a few months ago is described by John M. Mackinnon in Inland South that a third mosque is soon to be America. He speaks of the deserted erected in Dulwich, another section of towns which lay in the track of the London. The Islamic World comold rubber trail from the pestilential ments: " Among' the spires and regions of Acre and the River Beni, crosses of its Christian churches may soon rise the crescent of Islam."

where the Indians had been seduced Progress in Belgian Mission and enslaved by the unscrupulous rubber traders during the days of the ENCOURAGING reports come from rubber boom. "To-day," he says, Mr. and Mrs. Ralph C. Norton, "rubber is booming again, and terror whose work in the Belgian Gospel Mis- sion has long been familiar to readers is broadcast in these regions. AI-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of the Review. One such has to do or lecturers may be appointed if with the opening of a new evangelistic necessary. By Spanish law the head hall in the town of Marche in Luxem- of the college must be a Spaniard. bourg, a section of the country for The lack of religious liberty in Spain which the members of the mission had was commented on in the June been praying especially. One of them Review. writes: "After God had given us an opening in Luxembourg, He gave us New Slavic Evangelica.ls a house, then a worker, then simultaneously raised up a friend in T HE revival movement in Ukrainia, America who had never before given which was referred to in the July in a large way to the work in Belgium, Review is reported to be gaining to pay the purchase price of the new strength. The Record of the United house in ~larche." Another develop- Free Church of Scotland announces ment is the use this past summer of that in Russia besides the Baptist two motor cars, which were given by Church and the German-speaking friends of the Mission as a result of Lutheran Church, a new body, called the great blessing attending the open- "The Evangelical Christians," is in ail' work of last year, in which the process of formation. Its numbers are cal' of the Open-Air Mission of put by some at four millions, but London was so employed. In this others already give them double that itinerating campaign of evangelism, figure. This great movement is said in addition to preaching in untouched to have been caused in large measure sections of the country, a wonderful by returned prisoners of war, who in opportunity is given to distribute the tens of thousands came under deep printed Word. religious influences in certain of the camps in Germany and Hungary. Protestant Union Work in Spa.in When they went home, they took with them a new religious faith, and are WHAT is described by those who now spreading the Gospel in almost took part in it as "a great step every corner of Russia. Among these forward in the evangelization of awakening Russian Evangelicals there Spain" is the decision to establish this is a great hunger for the Bible. October a union theological school. This decision was made in April by "A Robert College for Greece" the third annual conference of the International Committee for Spanish T HAT Bulgaria was to have an Evangelization. Nine countries were institution which could be so derepresented-England, Scotland, Ire- scribed, was announced in the May land, Holland, Sweden, Germany, Review. A news item in the New York America, France and Spain. The Times on August 30th stated that Anglican, Presbyterian, Congrega~ Professor Edward Capps of the Greek tionaI, Wesleyan, Lutheran, and Department at Princeton University, French Reformed Church had each at who was United States Minister to least one representative. Twenty-five Greece during the Wilson Adminispastors and lay workers attended. tration, is now at the request of a No such representative Protestant group of Athenians organizing a gathering had ever been seen in Spain board of trustees for a nonsectarian, befo·re. The vote for this training non-political American college to be college was unanimous. There are to established. in Greece, modeled after be four professors appointed by the Robert College in Constantinople, to churches or societies concerned-the be known as Athens College. A com- Irish Presbyterian, the German mittee of prominent Athenians is en- United Committee, the Spanish and deavoring to raise $500,000 for the the Portuguese Church Aid Society, college buildings. A tract of twentythe American Board. Other teachers three acres near Athens on the road to Kyfissia has been donated as the

site of the college, and $100,000 has ment there. Miss Helen A. Davis, been raised for the buildings. Pro- who headed the party but plans to fessor Capps has requested the follow- return in December, says: ing men to serve on the board of trustees: Elihu Root, Dwight S. Mor- It has been a number of years since the row, Henry S. Pritchett, John H. first request from the Philippines came to Finley, Stephen S. Duggan, Ery the National Board for help. For financial Kehaya and Charles P. Howland. reasons it has been impossible to go be· fore. A recent cable welcomes us and asks ISLANDS OF THE SEA how they may help in the interval before onr arrival. Under the leadersh:p of the Igorot Boys Ask for Schooling Committee a club for young women has been started in Manila and has been doing ef- T HE new principal of the school fective work. This small club will be the conducted by the Protestant nucleus of our future Y. W. C. A. Episcopal Church at Baguio, on the island of Luzon, in the Philippines, GENERAL writes: "That Igorots are keen for Christianity and education is evident International Missionary Councll every day, hut it was especially so during the week when crowds of chil- T HE Committee of the Interdren came to enroll for this school national Missionary Council held year. Many of the boys wore only its session for 1926 near Rattvik, g-strings, yet everyone came prepared Sweden. to pay his matriculation fee which amounts to six pesos for the highest The meeting, which lasted from grades. We accepted nearly a hun- July 17th to 25th, was the second dred children but had to turn away held by the Committee since the last about fifty more because we 'had no meeting of the Council, which was more room j it did not seem right to convened in Oxford, England, in have more tban three boys sleeping 1923. The last previous meeting of in one bed. But some of the children the Committee was at Atlantic City, who were told to go home refused to N. J., in 1925. This one was attended go. One big boy named Tomas sat on by practically all of the regular memmy office steps for two days, in order bers, as well as by the officers and a to say, on all possible occasions, 'I few consultative members, representwill go to this school, mum.' " ing Europe, the two Americas, Asia and Africa. Dr. John R. Mott, Chair- Y. W. C. A. for the Philippines man of the Council presided. The themes which, in the main, claimed T HE Filipino young woman, Miss the time and challenged the thinking Soledad Garduno, who was de- of this group were the following: Spiritual Vitality; Presentation of scribed in the April Review as "a Y. the Christian Message in Relation to Non-Christian Faiths j Enlisting the W. C. A. pioneer," has been studying New Generation; Enlisting the Inin the training school conducted by terest and Service of Laymen; Christhe National Board in New York tian Education j Christian Literature j City. She was to accompany in Sep- Devolution Problems of Indigenous tember the first American unit of Y. Churches; Racial Questions j Human W. C. A. workers to go to the Philip- Relations in Industry, and 'Forced pines. Upon the urgent invitation of Labor; Religious Education i and the a Provisional Committee of the Philip- Next Meeting of the Council. On this pines, of which both American and last point it was decided to hold the Filipino women are members, they meeting in the spring of 1928 in will develop the Association move- Jerusalem.

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-

THE REVIEW.

BEST BOOKS FOR THE STUDY Missionary Education, London, pp. 2]6, 2/3. OF ISLAM For a most scholarly presentation By REV. EIW'{EST W·. RWGS, BOSTON of the subject, we turn to Associate Secretary of the American Board Aspects of Islam. D. B. Macdonald. Mac· millan Co., New York. $1.75. Every alert student of missions realizes that the ancient solidity of The throbbing heart of the Moslem Islam has been softened by strange world is forbidden to the non·Moslem new fires. Moslem governments and but Burton adventurously visited the peoples are in a plastic state. To holy cities and told the story in ascertain whence are these new fires and what the influences shaping the A Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to plastic mass is not an easy task. As Al-Madinah and Meccah. R. F. Burton. a guide to one really interested, a G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. 1856. small list of books is recommended. We include a most excellent bio- We have not included books writ- graphical study of a noble Moslem ten as "exposing Islam," but sug- saint: gest such volumes as will provide a sufficiently broad basis for a fair A Moslem Seeker after God. S. M. Zwemer. study of Islam and the present Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. $2.25. Christian approach to the Moslem. Such a general study of Islam does Although this great religion and not, however, satisfy our interest. its influences cannot be gauged ac- The present is a time of such unusual curately by studying its sacred book significance that we name three volalone, yet a good translation of the umes dealing with the changes now Koran is certainly of first importance. going on in the Moslem world: The Koran. Tr. by J. M. Rodwell. Every· Modern Movements among Moslems. S. G. man edition. E. P. Dutton & Co., New Wilson. Fleming H. Reyell Co., New York. 80 cents. York.

Accompanying the Koran, there The Moslem World in Revolution. W. Wil· shoulo be a 2'lioslem's interpretation son Cash. Edinburgh House Press, Lon· of his religion. This will best be don. 2 shillings net. found in Young Islam on Trek. Basil Mathews. The Spirit of Islam. Amir Ali. 515 pages. Missionary Education Movement, New Christophers. London. York. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60 cents.

A fair study of Islam by one whose Studies in each separate field of viewpoint is Christian is also essen- Islam might well supplement these tiaL Several excellent books are general volumes. Because Turkey available. The briefest is in some has been the active volcano in the ways the best: molten mass, we include the follow- ing: Outline of the Religion of Islam. H. U. Weitbreeht Stanton. Missionarv Equip· Modern Turkey. Eliot G. Mears. Macmil· ment and Literature Supply, Ltd., Church Jan Co., New York. $6.00. House, 'Westminster, Loudon. 1 shilling. Turkey. Arnold· Toynbee & Kenneth Kirk· wood. Ernest Benn, Ltd. London. 15 shillings.

Somewhat longer is "The Story of The contact of Christianity with Islam "-Lunt, United Council for Islam must first be viewed historically 829

and for this purpose, there is one Shepard of Aintab. Alice S. Riggs. Misbook of outstanding importance: . sionary E.ducation Movement, New York.

The Rebuke of Islam. W. H. T. Gairdner. Clotb, $1.00; paper, 75 cents. United Council for Missionary Education, London. 60 cents. My Life and Times. Cyrus Hamlin. Pil- grim Press, Boston. 1893. 50 cents. Another volume of special value is In closing, we refer to two recent Vital ]lorces of Christianity and Islam. report volumes of permanent signifi- Oxford University Press, New York. cance: $1.20. Conference of Christian Workers among When we come to consider the Mloslems. 1924. International :Missionnewer contacts of Christian missions ary Council, 347 Madison Ave., New with the changing conditions of the York. $1.50. Moslem world, three volumes of permanent value come to mind: Christian Literature in Moslem Lands. George H. Doran Co., New York. 1923_ A Christian Approach to '[slam. Jas. L. $2.50. Barton. Pilgrim Press, Boston. 50 cents. The Editor adds the following list The Moslem World of Today. John R. of books of special interest and value Mott and others. George H. Doran Co., on various phases of the subject. The New York. $2.50. 1926. mission study books on the subject have already been mentioned. The Moslem. :Facel! the :Future. T. R. P. Sailer. Missionary Education Movement, The Arab at Home. Paul W. Harrison. 8 New York. 254 pages. $1. (A study vo. $3.50. Thomas Y. Crowell. New book). York. 1924.

The dramatic possibilities of the Islam-A Challenge to Faith. Samuel M. present situation are presented in a Zwemer. 8 vo. Student Volunteer Moveplay: ment. New York. 1907.

Osman Pasha. Rapp. The Century Co., History of Protestant Missions in the Near New York. 145 pages. $1.25. East. Julius Richter. 8 vo. $2.50. Flem- ing H. Revell 00. 1910. Another play, easily staged by a church or Sunday school, has been A History of the Arabian Mission. A. Dewritten by Miss Wilcox: Witt Mason and F. J. Barny. 8 vo. $1.25. Reformed Church in America. New York. Kasim. Helen Wilcox. Missionary Educa· 1926. tion Movement, New York. 50 cents. An American Physician In Turkey. Clar- For a study of old conditions, ence D. Ussher. 8 va. Houghton, Miffiin which still prevail in most of the .CO. Boston. 1917. Moslem world, we mention Among the Wild Tribes of the Afghan Our Moslem Sisters. Annie Van Sommer Frontier. T. L. Pennell. 8 vo. Lippin- and S. M. Zwemer. Fleming H. Revell, cott. Philadelphia. 1909. New York. $1.25. A History of the Arabian Mission. Rev. The hope of progress is happily Alfred DeWitt Mason, D.D., and Rev. brought out in Frederick J. Barny. mus. 8 vo. 256 pp. $1.25. Board of Foreign Missions, Re- Memoirs of Halide Edib Hanum. Century formed Church in America. New York. Co., New York. 372 pages. $4. ]926.

A few missionary biographies will Arabia, the land of romance and of be found especially helpful in this legend, is also a land of reality. It is study: known as the birthplace of Moham- med and the Koran, the land of great Raymund Lull: First Missionary to the deserts, the home of wandering tribes, Moslems. S. M. Zwemer. Funk and Wagnalls Co., New York. 75 cents. Of camels and horses and dates; but Henry Martyn: Confessor of the Faith. few know Arabia as the scene of Constance Padwick. George H. Doran heroic missionary adventure for God Co., New York. $1.50. and humanity. This latter story is told here. After a preliminary de- scription of the land, the people, their history, civilization, education and re- ligion, the authors-one of whom is a missionary to Arabia-tells the inspir- and Mexico brought back effective ap- ing story of how the Arabian mission peals.

was founded in faith thirty-seven H is worth while now and then to years ago; how the stronghold .of read a book like this, which tells of Islam was entered; how the work has opportunities seized which are missed been extended and strengthened until by most of us, which tells of work now there are five stations, manned well done in the common world in by forty American missionaries, as- which most of us live, which tells of sisted by twenty-two native Christian faith staggered by sorrow, but helpers. It is a story of prejudice strengthened by friendship_ The overcome, women and children en- author well closes her book with the lightened and friends won to Christ. poem by Alfred Noyes, entitled: It is. an intimate record of faith, of THE GIFT THE DEAD DESIRE courage, of sacrifice, of achievementone that is worthy of a place in the There's but one gift that all our dead desire, annals of missions and that enlarges One gift that men can give, and that's a the list of the" Heroes of Faith." dream, Unless we, too, can burn with that same tire Of sacrifice: Die to the things that seem.

Morgenrote in Japan. Dr. Emil Schiller, Die to the little hatreds; die to greed; Superintendent in Kyoto. pp. 51. and Die to the old ignoble selves we knew; Map and Halftone Illustrations, pp. Die to the base contempt of sect and creed, VIII. Priee 6() Pfennigs. Allegemeine- And rise again like these, with souls as true. Evangelisch-Protestantischer Missions- verein. Berlin. 1926. W. J.H.

This attractive booklet tells of the The Task of the Christian Church. A World Survey. Foreword by Dr. Thomas work of the Allgemeine-Evangelisch- Cochrane. 8vo. 141 pp. World Domin- ion Press. London. 1926. Protestantischer lYIissionsverein which Using the World Missionary Atlas, has carried on mission work in Japan the Statesman's Year Book and the Mission Year Books as sources ior for the last 40 years. '1'he book gives statistics, the compilers of this re- ligious world survey have gathered a comprehensive view of the work 01 a valuable collection of facts about all the countries of the world. Each the society and its methods, in ten country is listed, with information about the area, population and chapters, of which the two most in- teresting discuss the question whether J·apan needs Christianity and whether the old religions can satisfy the mod- ern Japanese mind. T. B.

The Life Story of Alice Culler Cobb. Mary Protestant mjssions, and the task of Culler White. Illustrated. 240 pp. the Church in that country is briefly $1.50. New York. 1925. set forth. .Much of the information This charming life story lays no is not new and some countries are claim to greatness but is told pri- dealt with very meagerly, but as a marily for the sake of those who love handbook of world-wide missions it will be especially useful to those who or ought to love Wesleyan College, wish general iniormation. Georgia.

Mrs. Cobb was born in the Old American Relations with China. 8 va. South and her school days closed 225. $1.50. Johns Hopkins Press. Balshortly before the Civil War. For timore. 1926. more than forty years her life was knit with that of Wesleyan College The conference of Missionary and the care of a large household with Board representatives, Chinese and growing children, seemed not to rob diplomats held at Baltimore last her teaching of success. In the later September is already well known. years, she became a Secretary for This volume reports the addresses and discussions on treaties, extrater- Women's Work in the Foreign De- ratoriality, customs control, indus- partment of her Board of Missions trial conditions, missions, etc. There and from her travels in the Orient is also an excellent bibliography, Do You Know?

Who built the Ark? was the Drst Chri.tian martyr?

were the Samaritans?

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11==:~:~:=:==:=~;~=~~J A Correction, ieal regions mentioned in the Old and New Testaments. REV. E. D. LUCAS, D.D. succeeded Dr. .T. C. R. Ewing as president of Forman DR. ADOLF KELLER, European Secretary of Christian College, Lahore, India, in 191!"l. the Federal Council of Churches, is to de- Jlev. H. D. Griswold, Ph.D., 'has not been liver a course of lectures this autumn at president of the College, as stated in the the University of Znrich on the problems of Personals in our Angust nnmber, but American Protestantism. has been president of the Board of Direc· tors, from which position he has recently RJOHARD C. MORSE, LL.D., former general resigned, his place being taken by Dr. H. secretary of the International Committee C. Velte. of the Y.M.C.A., and now eighty-five years of age, has attended every world's confer- *" ence bnt one since 1872, and was the oldest delegate at the recent Y.M.C.A. conference PERSONALS in Helsingfors, Finland.

MRS. LEWIS L. ANllWALT, of Allentown, *** Pa., has been elected President of the Woo man's Missionary Society of the Reformed BISHOP LOGAN H. RolYI'S, chajrman of the Church in the United States. Honse of Bishops of the Chinese Church, was appointed by its General Synod to * spend the summer Visiting the Chinese Christians in the Philippines, Singapore, MISS Luoy H. DAWSON has resigned as and Borneo, in response to a reqnest from Secretary for Promotion in the Board of the bishops of those territories. National Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. *** WIMJAM T. ELLIS, LL.D., has recently re- MR. AND MRS. .ToHN J. BREMAN are the tnrned from a ten months' tour of Bible first missionary candidates to be accepted lands, wherein he covered all the geograph.

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AT THE HARDWAR MEI.A, INDIA •••••• · •..••.•••..••..•••. EMMA MORlIla 253 EzveriencBs of a woman miBsionary and her helpers at one of the great re· }~'::i~t:ti~~~8 ~e~~i~,,:h~t.tictm8eJ ties totalling $5,500,000. CLOSING LICENSED OPIUM SHOPS IN The larger the business CEYLON …………•………• the greater your security. · . MARY AND MARGARET W. LEITCH 256 Write for full information to A WOMAN'S ADVENTURES ON THE M. W. Ehnea, Treasurer, Board 01 Foreign WILD AFGHAN FRONTIER … ',' . · ……… EMMA )3EI.LE D. PIERSON 256 Mi..ions 01 the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Filth Avenue, New York., N. Y., or The story of the rescue Of Miss Ellis by Mr8. Starr in a wild ride among W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Board 01 Home Mi•• hostile tribes across the northwest sion. and Church Extension 01 the Methodist Episco- border of India. pal Church, 170 I Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. RETURNS ON A MISSIONARY'S INVEST- "The Friend MENT •••… ELIZABE·Xll McCAULEY 268 THE INFLUENCE OF THE BIBLE ON MOSLEMS …. SA}<[UEL M. ZWEMER 270 A powerful add,.eS8 on what the pri.nt- ing and distribution 01 the Bible mean to the mi.'f8io'(w'ry in Moslem landB.

MiSSIONARY EDUCATION. AND THE HOME BASE •• JAMES CANNON, 3RD 274 THE CHALLENGE OF SOUTH AMERICA • " •••.•….•••• MRS. S. G. INMAN 279 SALVAGING HUMAN DRIFTNOOD ••••• • .•••• ',' .•••••• JAMES H. FERRISS 282 AFRICAN HABITATIONS OF CRUELTY · . . . • • • • . . . . . . . . WILLIAM C. BELL 284 of Missions" SPIRITUAL AWAKENING IN HUNGARY • •••••••.••••• ALE:!UNDER HAIlBANYI 281 BEST METHODS IN EDUCATION AND . PUBLICITY …..•••….••••• " . • ••••. EDITED BY MRS. Jll. C. CRONK 289 A Sound Gospel and Mis- WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN '" • EDITED RY ELLA D. MAcLAURIN 295 sionary Monthly. Tells of WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN .. the Triumphs of the Gos- • •• EDITED BY FLOUNCE E. QUINLAN 298 pel in Russia and Eastern NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ………•.• 301 Europe THEl MISSIONARY LIBRARY .•.•..•••• 318 WILLIAM FETLER, Editor TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubB ot g5e·~eJ~rel&;U£?I~h"!.i" ~o~~l:: ,Si!o~~rf:~f:d: 19215, by MISSIONAllY RlIVIEW PURLIBIDNO COM- PANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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The Unfinished Task of Foreign Missions By Robert E. Speer No man living is better fitted for the task than Dr. Speer-few, if any men, quite so well. He addresses himself to his subject in a spirit of hopefulness. which ten years of world-travail and the resultant adverse vicissitudes to which the missionary cause has been subject, has failed to quench.

Dr. Speer surveys the field, analyses the difficulties, indicates the lines of approach and seeks to confirm the hope of the final triumph. In aspects not a few, this is the most important missionary document which has appeared in years.

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EVIEW'

VOL. APRIL, 1926 NUMBER XLIX ~OUR 'l'HE SECULAR CRUSADE IN MEXICO MUCH publicity has recently been given in the press dispatches to the alleged expulsion of all foreign Protestant and Roman Catholic teachers and preachers from Mexico, the confiscation of church property and the entire secularization of all religious sehools. Many of these dispatches have been inaccurate and others have misinterpreted the situation. The Government of Mexico is not conducting an anti-religious crusade, but is endeavoring to secularize her schools and to nationalize her churches so as to free her people from the abuses that have grown up under the domination of the Roman Catholic Church.

The Mexican Constitution of 1917 decrees that "religious institutions known as churches, irrespective of creed, shall in no case hold or administer real property or loans made on such real property. . . . All such real property or loans shall rest in the nation." Anyone familiar with the history of Mexico and the conflict between the State and the Roman Catholic Church will have some sympathy with the efforts of the Government to control church property so that the Roman Catholic Church may not longer abuse its wealth and power.

This article in the Constitution was designed to correct the evils that had grown up through the accumulated riches of the Roman Catholic Church and was not aimed at Protestant churches or missions which, for the most part, are poor and not ambitious for wealth. At the same time, Americans recogni'ze the principle that no distinction should be made between churches on account of creed. The mission boards consider that their church property (Temp los) belongs to the Mexican nation. In most cases, the titles to Protestant school property are vested in the Boards at home, or in corporations on the field.

The Mexican Constitution also provides that no religious teaching shall be permitted in primary private schools during school 245

hours and that no religious services shall be held in any school buildings during school hours. These regulations were inserted to prevent the Roman Catholic Church from using their schools for religious and political propaganda. The State is not unfriendly to Protestant mission schools or churches and recognizes the great value of their work. It is interesting to note that Senor Moises Saenz, formerly the Director of the National Preparatory Schools, and now First Assistant in the Department of Education, is a graduate of the Coyoacan Preparatory School in Mexico (a Presbyterian institution), and of Lafayette College in the United States. The present Minister of Foreign Affairs in Mexico is also a graduate of a Protestant school and President Calles has sent two wards of his to an American Protestant mission school in Mexico.

While the Archbishop of Mexico, the Knights of Columbus and other Roman Catholic organizations have protested against the provisions of the Mexican Constitution and against their enforcement, the Protestant missionaries and their representatives at home have made no protest but stand ready to cooperate with the Government and to obey the laws. A cablegram from Mexico announces that "no evangelical missionaries have been expelled and no Protestant mission schools have been closed." One missionary in Piedras Negros was asked to leave, evidently on account of special local conditions, but was later invited to return by the Federal Government.

Protestant Mission Boards have always opposed American intervention in Mexico and would resent the endeavor of any forces favoring such intervention to identify these Boards with such a demand. At a recent meeting of representatives of these Boards to consider this guestion, the following resolutions were adopted: This Conference recommends to the various boards of Missions having work in Mexico that they make no representation at this time as to the status of the foreign missionaries in Mexico to the governments of Mexico and the United States.

We feel it to be highly important that all foreign missionaries in Mexico observe the spirit of the organic law regarding the exercise of ministerial functions, and that in all concrete situations they should exercise much prudence. We express the hope that these missionaries may discover ways and means by which, within the constitutional provisions, they may be able to continue forwarding the interests of the Evangelical Movement in Mexico.

The features of the Mexican Constitution which provide for the larger direction of religious movements by Mexicans themselves have been well known for some time and Protestant missionary organizations in the United States have been urging their missionaries and their members to live within the Mexican Constitution.

President Calles himself has explained the status of foreign missionaries in Mexico in a special dispatch published in The New Yark Warld, February 25, 1926. This, in part, reads as follows:

1926J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

Paragraph 8 of Article 130 of the Mexican Constitution states: "To exercise in the United States of Mexico the ministry of any cult it is necessary to be a Mexican by birth." The foreign priests whose presence in Mexico is no longer being tolerated had been flouting this constitutional provision with full consciousness of their misdoing. "On various occasions they had received warnings from the Department of the Interior to cease exercising their ministry and dedicate themselves to some other activity if they were desirous of remaining in this country. Without paying any attention to these notifications the priests to whom I refer continued exercising their ministry in violation of artiele 130 of the Constitution. In addition almost all of them were violating article 3, which provides in paragraph 2 that 'no religious corporation or minister of any cult will be permitted to establish or super- intend primary schools …… "

For this reason-and without such measure signifying religious persecu- tion for any church and even less indicating a sentiment of animosity toward any foreigner-a Government which is desirous of complying with its constitu- tional obligations would have no other course than to oblige the constant violators of its fundamental law to leave the country. In contrast with the attitude of the expelled priests there have been numerous ministers of other cults who have obeyed the constitutional provisions. They have dedicated themselves to other legal activities, such as teaching secondary schools or to orienting or superintending suitable activities of their church, but without exercising their offices in ritualistic acts and leaving to Mexican ministers the performance of the strictly confessional work of their religion. These min- isters have not and will not be molested ….. .

Another instance of distortion of the facts during these days has been the declaration that numerous private schools in Mexico have been eIosed. What has in reality occurred is that upon the discovery of convents whose existence is not authorized by the laws in force there have been found annexed primary schools, contrary to the provisions of Article III of the Constitution. These schools have not been closed but obliged to adjust their status to the aforesaid provisions.

Even if the recent public display of disobedience and opposition to the fundamental laws of the country by the head of the Mexican Catholic Church had not been made this Government, in complying with its duty to observe and cause to be observed the Constitution of the country, would have pro- ceeded in the manner that it has if these concrete cases had come to its attention….. .

With regard to the future the attitude of the Government of Mexico toward the Catholic priests or the ministers of any other cult cannot be different for American citizens from that adopted for those of other na- tionalities. But it is neeessary to say that the violations of the law by American citizens in this il'espect are not so numerous as those of the nationals of other countries. Almost without exception the American ministers of con· fessional churches which are not Catholic adjust themselves while residing in Mexico to what the law demands. For this reason they are not molested, thus bringing about the development and prosperity of their churches through the work of Mexican ministers and living tranquilly and respected among us by merely performing acts of religion.

It may readily be seen that the banishment of foreign evangelical _teachers and preachers from Mexico would be a calamity from which the country might not recover. At last reports, there were nineteen American and one British Protestant missionary societies working in Mexico, supporting two hundred and eighty missionaries in sixty-

seven resident stations. They have organized two hundred and seventy-two churches and are carrying on work at two hundred and seventy-eight other regular preaching stations. These missions conduct one hundred and eighty-four schools-mostly of the elementary grade, but including seventeen high and middle schools, six for teacher training and industrial work and five theological and Bible training schools. These mission schools have over twelve thousand seven hundred pupils under instruction.

It should be borne in mind that less than six per cent of the popu·· lation of Mexico are under instruction and that a few years ago, illiteracy was eighty per cent. Conditions have improved, but still more than fifty per cent of the population over twelve years of age are illiterate. Evidently Mexico cannot afford to banish any trained Christian teachers, to close any effective schools or to deprive her people of opportunities for the best type of secular and religious education. There is reason, however, to be patient with Mexico, while we disparage all attempts of selfish capitalists or other to awaken distrust and incite to unfriendly action. Evangelical missionaries and others interested in the Mexicans may do much to cultivate the friendship of Mexicans in the United States and to cooperate with Mexican authorities in enforcing the laws of the land and in teaching the people to understand and obey the laws of God.

FEAR AND OPPORTUNITY IN THE PHILIPPINES O NE may leave a false impression by telling isolated truths. There may not be a single error of fact in the text of Miss Catherine Mayo's recent volume on the Philippine Islands ("Isles of Fear"), yet the hook misrepresents the Philippines as a whole. The same method might be used by a Filipino, if he selected his facts, to prove that the United States is unfit to govern the Philippines. One could think of the forty chapters for such a work in ten minutes-Lynching, Teapot Dome, Ludlow Massacre, Divorce, Ku Klux Klan, Ja'zz, Mormonism, Rum Runners, Drug-traffic-finish your ovm list. Miss Mayo has become the Upton Sinclair of the Philippines. After ten years of intimate contact with Filipinos from one end of the Islands to the other I find less economic fear in these Islands than in the United States. It is here; in some regions it is serious; but to give the impression that it is worse than economic fear in the United States is to misrepresent the facts.

Her attack on mestizos is unfair. The mixture of Filipino blood with Spaniards, Chinese, and Americans has been and will continue to be a blessing to this race. Miss Mayo caught some unfavorable aspects of a cross-section of the mestizo but she was oblivious to the vast improvement which is going on in their business methods. The business competition of foreigners, Chinese, American, and British, is exceedingly difficult for them to meet, with their inadequate knowl- .

1926J EDITORIAL COlYnIEN'l'S 24~

edge of the modern methods. Yet they are the only Filipinos who have any chance of achieving economic independence for the Islands.

The agitation for independence was very strong two years ago but it has almost died out for the present. Filipinos are equally confident that America intends to give them independence and that it will not give them independence during this administration. A good many students and workmen express the opinion that it is better not to have independence just yet; some think economic independence should precede political independence. There is better feeling now than for at least five years. At the same time it would be se1£- delusion to suppose that the United States can permanently maintaill her present status.

What of the future of Protestantism in the Philippines ~ In the early days it held an amazingly strategic position because of the anger that Filipinos felt toward the friars. This antipathy has largely disappeared for the reason that the Spanish friars have either died out or have left the country and have been replaced with better men. Protestantism has been of inestimable service in forcing the Roman Catholic Church to clean house, but this house-cleaning makes the task of capturing the Islands for evangelical Christianity much more difficult than it was twenty years ago. 'rhe Protestant Ohurch did not then realize its opportunity.

The Roman Catholic Church has now set out to capture the educational system, to control the teachers in the public schools. Through a Roman Oatholic matron they have practically exclusive entree in the girls' dormitory of the Government Normal School. They are agitating for compulsory religious education in the public schools and are spending millions in buildings for private schools and colleges. The Jesuit Ateneo has forty highly educated American professors and is regarded by many people as having the best faculty in the Philippines. There are numerous other smaller Roman Oatholic educational institutions.

Meanwhile the Presbyterians have Silliman Institute, with some eight hundred students; the Baptists have Oentral Philippine College with about three hundred students, and five missions together conduct Union Theological Seminary with about three hundred high school, college and seminary students. All of these institutions and several smaller ones are in desperate need of money. The Union Theological Seminary is insistent upon receiving permission to conduct a fouryear college course, but the Mission Boards in America have not granted this permission because of the fear they have of future costs. Hence Manila, the great educational center of the Philippines, has no representative evangelical college.

American Protestant Missions must find the resources for meeting an ever-enlarging opportunity. The announced policy of the Government is to withdraw insular funds from secondary education,

concentrating upon primary and industrial education. The secondary schools are to be left more and more to private enterprise. If Prot- estant Christians fail to provide this they must not expect to win the Philippines.

The Protestant churches are growing at a healthy rate. The second generation of young people who were born and bred in evangelical families are wonderful revelations of what the Protestant Filipino is going to be. They have character, independence of thought, and passion to serve their country and the world. If all could become as they are, the future would be glorious.

The Filipinos have a growing sense of responsibility for their backward kinsmen on the mountains of Luzon and Mindanao. Nearly.

every communion has organized a domestic missionary society to support Filipino missionaries. Plans are now under way for an island-wide United Missionary Society. F. c. L • . A NEW PROGRAM FOR LATIN AMERICA A T THE Congress on Christian Work in South America, held in Montevideo last April, some of the leading South Americans said to the North American leaders: "You North Americans make great efforts to build up commercial relations with us. Give us, also, of your rich experience in education, social betterment, ethics and soul culture. ' , This challenge should be brought home to the Christian people of the United States. After careful study and further consultation with representative South American interests, it was decided to adopt a program where North America might make a contribution in educational work for community betterment, public hygiene and Christian literature. The Montevideo Congress asked that the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America locate an expert in public health in South America, who could help the churches, schools, health centers and hospitals of the evangelical forces, and advise with community agencies, semi-public institutions and government officials about the practical ways of improving health, which has come to be one of the subjects of largest interest in South America.

Similarly, the Congress asked that a secretary for social service be provided to lead the evangelical forces in the more rapid development of community programs that will seek to make Christianity more effective in every department of the people's life. The missionaries are being called upon to help the various new social movements so rapidly developing in South America, such as the temperance movement, the new student organizations, the women's societies, charity organizations, child welfare movements, all of which are in need of friendly assistance. Earnest men and women in South Amer-

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

ica ask for the help of some competent Christian leader from North .America who understands these questions.

The Indians of South America offer one of the largest challenges to Christianity and its educational program found anywhere in the world. There are some ten million Indians in South America, who are still living largely in their primitive conditions, without the advantages of Christian civilization. The Congress registered its strong conviction of the necessity of a much enlarged program among the Indians who, so far, have hardly been touched by missionary agencies. An Indian Commission, representing all of the mission boards concerned, proposes to encourage individual boards to do special work among the Indians and to organize a union program for the Indians.

NEW DAYS IN PERSIA FOR hm days receBtly, the city of Urumia was decorated and rugs hung from brick-arched gateways of the two-story mud walls that are the avenues of the city. In rows of chairs were seated men invited to hear speeches and poems and military music and to see drilling and fire works. The new ruler has not yet been crowned as he wishes this to take place in the presence of special envoys from other nations to acclaim him and bring gifts.

In this new day, the Christian work for Moslems has been hav- ing a great impulse. In Tabriz, this winter, a sayyid, (descendent of Mohammed) has been confessing openly in the streets and markets his belief in Christ as the only Saviour of the world. He expects death at the hands of the Moslems sooner or later, but is losing no time in proclaiming Jesus. According to Moslem law, a sayyid is immune from death sentence, but a mob might not stop at legal technicalities. Many are ready to follow this Christian sayyid's leadership, saying that they have been Christians secretly before and are now willing to avow it. Recently I attended a service in Turkish when a strong sermon was preached to the Moslems on "Jesus, the Way, the Truth and the Life." The new ruler has pro- claimed equal rights for all Persian citizens and if he would proclaim religious liberty, it would make a new Persia indeed!

When Rev. Benjamin W. Labaree was killed, the fines showed that a Christian's life was worth only thirty dollars for a man and only fifteen dollars for a woman. A Moslem man's life, on the contrary, was valued at one thousand dollars. When the United States demanded $60,000 indemnity for the life of Mr. Labaree, the Persians opened their eyes-and paid the money. Last winter when a. Christian woman was shot by a robber, the man was hanged by the army officials though he was a Moslem. We can see that law and order are being established. MRS. J. P. COOHRA:N".

DIs'rRESS IN SYRIA CONSTANT fighting goes on about Damascus and now that Armenian roughs have been looting and robbing' in the Moslem quarter, there arc ugly threats of a Moslem rising against Christians in retaliation. The devoted missionaries remain at their posts, though bullets frequently enter the hospital of the ]<Jdillburgh Medical :Iissioll, aud a shot came through the 'wall in H British Syria 1fission school room, passing through the hair of 011e girl aud between the heads of two others.

'}'11e great numbers of l'efngees in Beirut, Zahleh, Sidell, :Mabati'zeh and elsewhere present a most difficult problem.

'L'11ousands of the people died of starvation and many 'who survived were left destitute by the great war. 'l'housallds of Armenialls found their way to Syria where they have been liviug in a pitiable condition in large camps under canvas or ill wooden shelters. Large numbers of children, both Syrian and Armenian, are being cared for in orphanages. The new troubles of 1925 rendered many others homeless and have added to the problem.

In Damascus and in many villages in different parts of Syria there has been great destruction of property, and people have fled for safety to areas which are so far untouched by the war. This has affected rich and poor alike, and many who had been in a comfortable position are now reduced to a state of homeless poverty; their houses are wrecked and their belongings gone. If the refugees could find work they 'would soon recover but the present crisis has accentuated the unemployment problem.

To help in this distress the Beirut Relief Committee was formed in November, 1925, by American, British and Danish missionaries and relief workers and has eollected from its own community and from others the sum of 4,000 dollars which is being used to give food, medical relief, clothing and shelter to women and children who were absolutely homeless. OUler societies and priVate gifts have helped greatly to alleviate the distress; about 75,000 dollars has been sent from Syrians and Armenians now living outside the Ncar }jast; but all that has been dOlle is quite inadequate even to clothe and feed in the simplest manner those who have suffered. In Beirut alone some 700-1000 men require work to support themselves and their families, not to mention hundreds of widows and fatherless children. In Damascus, Sidon and Zahleh districts there are thousands of refugees and destitute people. Seed wheat has been given by the government but in some districts the usual winter sowing has not been done owing to the disturbed conditions so that 1926 will have no harvest for many who depend on agrienltnral work.

It is hoped that friends in other lands will help the people of Syria in this time of trouble. The Beirut Relief Committee will use all gifts as speedily, eeonomically and wisely as possible.

AT A BATHING GHA1' DUR1NG 'l'HE MELA IN

At the Hardwar Mela, In India BY EMMA MORRIS, LUDHIAXA, PANJAB JIissionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. 1892 My Bible women and I went to sell gospels at the twelfth year Mela where pilgrims were expected from all over North India. Preparations on a big scale had been made by the railway company for the transportation of large crowds, by the sanitary commissioner for the health of the city and for supplies of pure water, and by the Police Department for the handling of the crowds. Rival sects of "holy men" had determined to have a fight to recover an ensign lost in a previous Mela, while the police were even more determined that there should be no fight. Temporary bridges had been thrown across the Ganges so that the crowds of bathers might bathe, pass across in procession, down the river, back by another bridge, and then back to their homes.

Our party of fom' arrived two weeks before the big day. For weeks before this every train had brought hundreds of pilgrims. 'rry to imagine a far background of hills, a near background of stately buildings, some coming down to the water's edge and others for a half mile or so facing on a wide stone pavement. You see groups of bathers at the water's edge, venders of sweets, cigarettes, charms, tin cans in which to carry away Ganges water, gay cloth, beads, all the various gew-gaws of a fair. You see also the fakir on his bed of spikes; the man with his foot over his shoulder; a cripple with two tiny shriveled arms; a dwarf cow; a cow with various ad· ditional members; to each, occasional passersby throw offerings.

253

But the main interest of the scene is in the life and color and variety of the crowd. Fine Punjabis with their pretty women-folk; Bengali women to whom we could have sold, if we had provided our- selves with Bengali gospels; many Gujratis, few of whom could read; Sindhis, Kashmiris, Nepalis, Tibetans-all mingling, passing, in the ceaseless procession. Had it been only a fair, it would have been an almost unmitigated delight to watch the crowds. But the tragedy of the thought that these crowds were depending on this for salvation, gave au indescribable pathos to the whole scene.

At the end of the long walk was the Har-ki-pa1'ri, a sacred staircase where bathing is consid- ered the most efficacious. In the pool among the bathers are men constantly on the lookout for the offerings thrown into the water.

The passageways to this staircase are very narrow, and here a wom- an slipped and fell and before the onrush from behind could be stopped twenty-two had bee n crushed to death.

:F'rom the Har-ki-pauri for miles out through the hills runs a road bordering the river. This, too, was alive with pilgrims to various shrines. Along this were shops, fakirs, holy men sitting un- BIBLE WOMEN SEEKING 'nIEIR INDIAN der the blazing sun with four huge fires burning around, or lyiug SISTERS on a bed of heated bricks. Everywhere there were holy men, naked, ash-covered, with long matted snaky locks and hideous faces. The theory is that perfect holiness consists in absolute disregard of the body. Cleanliness, clothing and such things minister to the body; and therefore must be avoided. How different from the Christian idea that the body is a temple of God's Spirit!

There were other pilgrims whose garb showed as much variety as that of a peacock. Huge head-dresses wonderfully adorned, garments of chiffon, of skins, of silk patchwork, fur-lined, fur trimmed; peacock feathers, necklaces of beads, of bones, of seeds; wooden sandals, high-heeled silk or satin shoes; an infinite variety.

Probably the saffron colored robe was most continuously seen, as it indicates the mendicant devotee.

In and out through this crowd we moved distributing literature.

Most knew we were Christians. The Arya Samaj and the Dev Samaj, (reformed religious sects) were also giving away their literature free

AT THE HARDWAR MELA, IN INDIA

and the former opposed us openly. In one or two cases of insult our Christians showed well how Christ can gi'fe patience. A fakir who was ill and had listened very earnestly refused medicine, but said, "Only pray for me to your Lord Jesus Christ." There was no public preaching, but to many a small group the Gospel of Jesus Christ was proclaimed in this one of the most sacred of Hindu pilgrimage places at one of their greatest Melas.

THREE DAYS IN A CHOLERA CAMP Then one of my Bible women came down with cholera. There were fifty of us encamped in one small enclosure. It did not seem right to expose the others for one minute longer than necessary, so HINDU FAKIRS (RELIGIOUS MENDICANTS) AT A FESTIVAL SEASON IN INDIA our patient was removed to the cholera camp and the government disinfectors were called. The compound was well disinfected, and every precaution taken to protect the others of the party so that tliere were no further cases.

The young Hindu doctor was very kind and gave the saline injection which is counted as the surest remedy. The second day and night passed and our patient was gaining. We were at one end of a long thatched shed and another similar one faced us one hundred yards or more away, filled with patients, mostly ill with cholera. Volunteer nurses from the Society of Servants of India helped in the care of the patients.

The third day brought a great influx of patients, so great tlJat there was not room for them under the sheds. Many died almost as soon as they came in, and the living, the dying and the dead lay together. Helpers had hardly time to eat or drink, and yet the

ghastly processiol1 poured in and out, the living from one side, the dead from the other. There were no beds, not even straw mats, SO they lay in the dirt. Those conscious enough cried out for water, or moaned in their agony.

As my mind became relieved from the burden of my own Bible woman, I became more conscious of the woes of others, and went into the sheds to give a word of cheer and what other help I could. At first I hesitated to offer them water, lest they should be angry that I had made them lose their caste, but only one or two refused to take from me milk or medicine or barley water.

All the time the Mela was going on in undiminished splendor. One procession passed in sight of the cholera camp. Twelve elephants with gorgeous trappings, silver howdahs, accompanied by gay horsemen, and bands of music and banners, escorted by government mounted police, passed to the bathing place. Many praises were heard from the lips of the common crowd for Government's arrange-· ments for their comfort and safety. But many would have preferred the old freedom and discomforts and perils, in order that they might carry out their purposes of hatred and revenge.

The experience was one never to be forgotten. All honor to the men and women who take such duties in cholera camps as part of their regular life, performing loathsome services quietly and faith- fully without blare of trumpets.

Closing Licensed Opium Shops in Ceylon BY MARY AND MARGARET W. LE'ITCH, CLAREMONT, CAI-,IFOR:,IA ["ormerly Missionaries in Ceylon; Joint AuthoTs with Dr. and Mrs. Wilbur F. Crafts of "Illtoxieallts and Drugs in All Lands"

W HE'N we were missionaries in Ceylon in the year 1894 we . became deeply impressed with the evils of the opium traffic there. We therefore inaugurated a movement for the closing of the opium shops in Ceylon. We first visited the five great opiuIDshops in Colombo where we saw men, women and children of all classes and races buying opium. Large balls were senCinto the interior of the island to be sold at retail or given to persons Who would acquire the opium habit. Some of the opium smokers were reduced to skeletons. The shop keeper asked what we were doing there and we told him that we wished to close every opium shop on the island. As we left a number of the wretched victims followed us and in agonizing cries said: "Close the opium shops, if we could not get opium we would not want it."

In our effort to close the opium shops we enlisted the help of Mr. John Ferguson, Editor of the Ceylon Observer, and of the Protestant missionaries working on the island. We also visited the leading natives of the different races and religions and enlisted their

CLOSING LIOENSED OPIUM SHOPS IN CEYLON

help. The largest public hall in Colombo was rented for an indignation meeting of which Mr. Ferguson was tIle Chairman. Missionaries and natives-Buddhists, Mohammedans, Hindus and Parseesuttered their indignant protests against this traffic which had been thrust on them by the Government for the sake of a revenue. At the close of the meeting an Anti-Opium Committee was formed, and a resolution, protesting against the opium traffic on the island and asking for the suppression of that traffic, was adopted. It was printed in three languages and sent to the leaders of the different races and religions all around the island. As a result the subject of the licensed opium shops was discussed by the leading papers, at public gatherings and in the homes of the people. Twenty-seven thousand signatures were secured to the petition.

The petition was presented to the Legislative Council of Ceylon and later to the British Parliament. The agitation was continued by that committee until every licensed opium shop on the island was closed, and opium was sold only in government dispensaries to registered habitual consumers. As a result tens of thousands of persons have been saved from the great temptation of the opium shops in Ceylon.

If the same methods were carried out in India today, in the different provinces, we believe that every licensed opium shop in the eight provinces in India might be closed.

How THE MISSIONARIES COULD HELP According to the statistics of 1921, there were in India 4,899 'missionaries including married women, and 743,010 Protestant Christian communicants in the native churches. If these missionaries, and this large body of native Christians, who form the greatest moral force in India, would give their fullest help to the leaders of the various races in India who so earnestly desire the abolition of the opium traffic, they could roll up a monster petition in each province which would compel the attention of the British.

Such a petition, widely signed by taxpayers, and by the educated classes would convince the Provincial Legislature of each province as to the wishes of the people on this matter.

The opium traffic is an obstacle in the way of Christian progress in India, and is a blot on the Christian character of the British in the minds of the leaders of all races and religions. The opium evil has become a world menace and if it is to be controlled, the over production of opium in India must come to an end.

2

A Woman's Adventures on the

Afghan Frontier- BY EMMA BELLE D. PIERS/ON, MONTCLAI:R, N. d.

.1 "~E this rupee toward a revolver for the intrepid mis- ~~~~ary's outfit" said an English army officer back in the '60 's when asked to contribute something to send a Chris- tian missionary to India's wild, northwestern Afghan frontier. That missionary was Thomas Russel Wade, the father of the heroine of this adventure. The wild, fanatical tribes of Afridis, unnamed in geographies and almost unknown to the world, were the people to whom he and the doctors and nurses in the little hospital at the foot of the Khyber Pass began to minister lovingly over half a century ago.

To this same hospital at Peshawar Miss Lillian Wade came in 1913, thoroughly equipped with medical and Biblical training to work as a missionary nursing sister. Not long after her arrival on the field she married the young surgeon in charge of the hospital-Dr. Vernon Harold Starr. Then followed two years of happy active service with skilled hands and warm hearts. They were two years of close contact with natives of Chinese and Russian Turkestan, Bokhara, Kabul and Afghanistan and with the Pathans of the forbidden land of Tirah, among whom the young missionaries had cast their lot.

Tirah, where live the interwarring tribes of the Afridis, is isolated both by nature and by the will of the people who have no desire for things modern. They are without navigable rivers, without railways or even roads except where the English have penetrated a few miles. They have no schools except those of the Mohammedan mullahs for teaching the Koran. There are no hospitals in Tirah. Indeed, so fundamentally is might right among the Pathans that mercy is a despised trait and theft is a profession practiced by great and small. All go armed-and the poorly escorted traveler is Allah's gift to the fortunate highway man. . To possess cattle and camels, and to be an accurate shot are the two ambitions of the Pathan youth, and to exact the "BadIa" or blood revenge for an injury is considered his most serious obligation. The people have no desire for education, no desire for a unified national life, no desire for intercourse with the neighboring powers. Although the British claim a form of over-lordship, there are no British police beyond the frontier. All political contacts must come through the tribal" jirgas" or Council of Elders who may be bought or flattered or coaxed into line but • The photographs and facts In this story are taken from Mrs. Starr's boos, "Tales of Tlrah and Lesser Tibet" (Ge<>rge H. D<>ran Co,).

258 will never submit to a command by an outsider. In each community the mullah is the most influential man. His curse is feared; his favor is sought. His person and his house, in a way, are sacred and a mullah, loyal to the British Government, constitutes the most substantial hold Britain has over these fierce peoples.

Dr. and Mrs. Starr gave themselves to the services of these people, learning Pushtu, their difficult language, healing their bodies and enlightening their minds. They reached out from the vantage ground of the British Church Missionary Society and hospital at Peshawar to the neighboring people. Then suddenly occured a horrible tragedy, directly traceable to the Badla doctrine so deeply entrenched in the Pathan life. A Pathan lad having heard the Gospel while a patient in the Peshawar hospital, became an earnest inquirer.

R H STATlI7E MILES o 5 /,0 ,,.< ~ , I, , !, , MAP OF THE RESCUE _-DVENTURE.

His fanatical Moslem father killed the boy, and then to "take the exchange" for his son's life, came at night to the doctor's window as though seeking help. The missionary, supposing it to be an urgent call, went out quickly and received a cruel stab from which he died two hours later. The young widow left India and for three years plunged into war work in the Indian military hospital near Cairo. After the armistice, with the spirit of the martyr Stephen and Stephen's Master, she applied to be sent back to the dark and desperate people, her husband's murderers. There she hoped to show to them the way of Christian revenge-Christ's more excellent way of the" BadIa." In the fall of 1920 she returned to Peshawar, and began with new zeal to make contacts with the needy people beyond the iron hills beyond which no Englishman may ever pass. In her diary Mrs. Starr describes the Pathans as tall and lithe with long aquiline features and a hawk-like expression of the eyes-which are

keen, hard and vigilant. Three years of sympathetic contact with these masterless, lawless people, were a preparation for an adventure which stands unique even in the annals of frontier missions.

One April morning in 1923, while going her rounds in the mission hospital, Mrs. Starr received a summons from the Chief Commissioner, Sir John Maffey, to come at once. to the Government House. There she found the British official greatly perplexed and disturbed over the murder of an English officer's wife, and the kidnapping of their young daughter. The tragedy had occurred four days before at Kohat, a frontier town forty miles distant, and the criminals had escaped with the young woman across the border into the wilds of Tirah. Her abductor, a man named Ajab, was already under indictment for a previous murder. Any show of force might mean the girl's instant death and an effort to follow and rescue her would lead to her being spirited away into the more inaccessible parts of their mountain fastnesses.

Addressing Mrs. Starr, Sir John Maffey said: "Would you be willing to go over the border alone to find Miss Ellis if possible and to stay with her until a rescue party could reach her?" It was a hazardous undertaking and without any assurance of success, but the danger of the task was no deterrent to Mrs. Starr. She unhesitatingly consented and within an hour had learned all she could of the routes. By night-fall her preparations had been made and early in the morning Sir John motored with her to Kohat, the scene of the tragedy. From there they looked down upon the village where Ajab and his men had been humiliated a few weeks before after a murder and the theft of three hundred rifles from the British arsenal. When caught by the British police, they had dressed as women and had tried to hide the stolen rifles in their full skirts but had been discovered. To carry through a crime cleverly means honor, but to be humiliated by a failure is a disgrace that no Afridi can bear. The taunts of the women led Ajab and his brother Shahzada to plan and to carry out this further outrage, that their "faces might be saved" in the councils of their tribe.

On two frontier heights stood British forts from which lookouts would continually scour the country, watching for signals from the searching party.. Mrs. Starr's personal escorts were three Mohammedans-one an Afridi with six names, the Indian personal assistant to the Chief Commissioner. The Rissaldar, as he was called, was· an ex-officer of the Guides, a man well used to hill climbing, an expert horseman, and loyal to Sir John Maffey. The second escort was the son of Garborgha, the most loyal and influential old mullah in the country. He had publicly "three times cursed" the men who had done the dastardly deed. The third member of the party was a young Pathan-a hospital dresser-who would act as personal servant to Mrs. Starr. At the border, the British escort left the searching party

A WOMAN'S ADVENTURES ON THE WILD AFGHAN FRONTIER

as they passed over, beyond the Samana range, into the heart of Tirah.

It was a strange sight to see on horseback the one lone English woman in Afridi dress, accompanied by an important mullah re· served and digniiied, a Mohammedan official guide, an<;l a medical neophyte, attended by forty fully armed, rough-bearded men on foot.

These were the friendly "jirga" or council of the tribe through whose possessions the searchers were travelling. Five times a day the company stopped for ablutions and prayers but not onee for wa- ter or food between sunrise and sunset, for it was the month of Ramadan. Five times the entire personnel of the "jirga" was changed as they reached the border of a new district. Onlv the consciousness of a great God and a great task upheld Mrs. Starr. Her prayer was that no indisC're- tions on her part might offend, and no false rumors might discourage her Mohammedan escorts for, from a human standpoint, success depended upon the continuance of their friendliness and zeal.

The enforced fasts during the day made the journey hard for the men, and the feasting far into the night cut short their rest. Where- ever they halted at sun down, the LILLIAN WADE STARR villagers pulled out rope bedsteads into the roadways for them to rest upon and showed Mrs. Starr signs of friendliness in their own queer ways. The men tied lambs to her bedstead and then silently slaughtered them as a sign that they were gifts to the travelers. The women, kindly curious, watched every motion made by the English woman and then took her into their 3ourtyard and, as a sign of approval, massaged her limbs and brought her a bowl of goat's milk and native goulash and bread. Late into the night they sat around the fire talking Pushtu in an in- timate way that was making friends for the English King and for the great King of kings as well. Although only a few miles from the border, not one of the women had ever seen an English face. They were full of questions.

"This Miss Ellis-she is your sister? No f Your relative ? No 1 You have never seen her! Then why go to so much trouble to find her' Did you come willingly or did the great English Government send you T" The answers may have permitted a little shaft of light to penetrate their minds, a little consciousness of a selflessness so

utterly strange to them. As a sign of extreme friendliness and sym- pathy, the women spat vigorously into the fire and invited Mrs. Starr to do the same. Then they left her for the night while they busied themselves preparing the second meal before the sun should rise. The voices of the men kept up all night as the discussion of the "jirga" in endless palaver waxed hot or earnest. Meanwhile Mrs. Starr lay and thought out what she would say if called upon to ad- dress the excited" jirga. "

The next chapters in the adventure reveal wonderful coin- cidences like those in the story of Peter and Cornelius. In a marvelous way the three factors operating in the expedition dovetailed in time and program.

With only the slenderest conjecture to go upon, Mrs. Starr and her party decided to head for a town in Tirah known as Khanki Bazar, for in it dwelt two well-known brigands, friends of Ajab and his brother Shahzada. Their home would be a natural hiding place far the English woman. The rescuing party knew nothing of any efforts being put forth other than their own. They did not know that after their departure Sir John Maffey had dispatched a leading tribesman to raise an Afridi army of those that resented the actions of Ajab. This army was to circle around the Khanki valley and fight the brigands if they attempted to flee into Afghanistan with their captive. They did not know that, at his suggestion, Kuli Khan, the loyal assistant political agent of the Kurram Valley had undertaken a pilgdmage to Khanki Bazar as a pious Mohammedan visiting the sacred shrine. It was a perilous thing, for he was known to be in the employ of the British, but he took with him a headman and a minor mullah, distantly related to a powerful mullah.

Although this party had started from Kohat two days later than Mrs. Starr, by climbing difficult hills and crossing difficult valleys they reached Khanki Bazar a day ahead of the English lady and her party. Mingling with the pilgrims at the shrine, quietly listening in the mosque, Kuli Khan learned that Miss Ellis was in the home of the brigand outside of Khanki Bazar and was held there with the full knowledge and consent of the local mullah. He sought a private interview with this mullah and a rather unsatisfactory talk lasting from 11 P. M. to 2 A. M. netted him only the mullah's consent to send for the kidnappers the next morning for questioning. At nine 0 'clock they came, impersonating injured innocence, and another palaver took place in which at last Kuli Khan, appealing to the cupidity and the pride of the kidnappers, drew forth the truth. In a boastful speech, they admitted that Miss Ellis was in the tower of Mir their friend the Jawaki raider. "But," they added, "the news has filtered through that the English will punish those who hide as well as those who abducted their country

A WOMAN'S ADVENTURES ON THE WILD AFGHAN FRONTIER

woman. Therefore the men of Tirah have threatened to burn our homes and sow our land with salt if we bring any trouble upon the sacred shrine of Khanki Bazar." So KuIi Khan learned that they were planning to move Miss Ellis into Afghanistan, beyond the reach of political pressure. There they expected to secrete her for months until the British would accept almost any terms for her release. This was the move most feared by Kuli Khan, but be hid his emotions and laughed at them as idiots. "Did they expect that an English wom- an could live a month under those conditions, and what profit would there be in a dead 'Ferenghi' 1,,* "No," said Kuli Khan, "you are trifling· with me, for surely you have no such course in mind; it is beneath your intelligence.

Now tell me the true terms on which you will release the girl."

In reply they asked for pay- ment of an exorbitant ransom, the release of criminal friends, the cancelling of pre v i 0 u s indict- ments, and full pardon for this of- fense. In true Eastern fashion, they began a process of bargain- ing which lasted far into the after- noon. Nothing came of it, and KuIi Khan, dispatching a word of cheer and some comforts to Miss Ellis by Mullah Mahmud's serv- ant, went once more to the shrine to think, to listen, and to plan.

The brigands were so inflated with their success, that they had MRS. STARR IN AFRlDI COSTUME several times remarked, "We are determined to do a thing that will startle the world, and revenge ourselves upon the Ferenghi, who humiliated us before our women folk."

Kuli Khan decided that he must work on the mullah at once and persuade him to bring Miss Ellis to his home and keep her there under his protection. This he was doing with a fair amouut of success when, suddenly, breathless messengers arrived with the • A term ()f C()ntemllt for the English.

astounding news that" a large party of government officials accompanied by the son of the great Mullah Karborgha, and an IDnglish lady doctor were approaching from the south!" The news lost nothing in the telling and in great dismay Mullah Mahmud sent word to his servants to turn them back at all hazards. He wrote a threatening letter which was handed to the Rissaldar just as the party was entering the town. Only Kuli Khan's presence and arguments kept the mullah from ordering his young men to fire on the party at sight. He showed him the blot it would be upon his holy shrine, and he pressed the advantage he had gained, saying: "Why fuss over one more English woman in your domain, since one is already here and the sanctity of your shrine is desecrated as much by her presence as it will be by another? Do you think the son of the great mullah would be accompanying them if the rest of the party were not good Mohammedans 1 You have nothing to gain by siding with murderers against the English."

So Mrs. Starr and her party reached Khanki Bazar, and by the unfriendly tenor of the note from the mullah knew for a certainty that Miss Ellis was captive there. The hand of God had been "ith them. They had not followed one false rumor nor turned one mile aside from their path. The reception in the town was unfriendly when it became known that the mullah was not receiving them, but God raised up a friend in a retired major of the 46th Punjabi Regiment who had built himself a home on a high cliff above the Mullah Mahmud's house. This major received the weary tra-velers and sent a note to the mullah reminding him that his house was the higher, and also that the prophet forbade firing upon a woman. At the same time he sent all his women folk to a place of safety and prepared for an attack if the mullah resented his receiving the English woman. Mrs. Starr was put in the strong tower-of solid masonry without windows-a veritable prison, where all through the night she could hear above her the regular stealthy footsteps of barefooted guards, keeping a constant lookout.

The jirga that met at Mullah Mahmud's house that evening was composed of the tribal khans or elders who had marched beside Mrs. Starr's horse, the murderers and their accomplices, the mullah, and Kuli Khan the mullah's guest. The discussions were hot and the senior khans of the jirga had much to tell of the strange uFerenghi" woman who talked their language and ate as one of them. "Now we know," said they, "why the English rule Hindustan. It is because their women are as men. Even the great mullah who walked so silent at the head of the party and to whom so much reverence was given acknowledges this."

Mullah Mahmud, thoroughly discomfited by all that had happened, and blaming the abductors of Miss Ellis for bringing this trouble upon him, was finally persuaded by Kuli Khan that much

A WOMAN'S ADVENTURES ON THE WILD AFGHAN FRONTIER

honor might accrue to him if he would secure the release of Miss Ellis from further danger. Finally at midnight Mullah Mahmud sent Ajab and his brother and three powerful sheiks with peremp- tory orders to bring their captive immediately to his house that she might be under the protection of the shrine. They were obliged to obey. By the messengers Kuli Khan sent an encouraging note to Miss Ellis to say that the move was toward release, and that an English "memsahib" had come safely through to join her. Mrs. Starr longed to fly to the captive girl but the Mullah Mahmud was surly and it was necessary to use the utmost diplomacy.

On the following day, at the time of the second prayer hour, Mrs. Starr was led to the mullah's house and into a windowless tower where, in the shadow, she saw Miss Ellis lying on a bed. She was weary but uninjured, brave and hopeful, with eight days of horrible nightmare behind her.

The three bandits, her abductors, sat guarding her and the three rescuers-the Rissaldar, Kuli Khan and the hospital helpersat opposite, watching their every move.

The rescuers were too many miles from the border to use the signals agreed upon, but Mrs. Starr wrote every important detail and sent it by swift messenger to the waiting English Commissioner at Kohat. From there the news was flashed around the world.

The two murderers sat at her side in silence, watching intently. Another jirga was called, to conclude a definite bargain for the release. When the men left the room for their council, the two women were at last left alone with an opportunity for intimate fellowship in prayer and thanksgiving. It was the Sabbath day-a prayer day throughout the Christian Church, and the consciousness of the ascending prayers of friends all over the world encouraged these two women in their windowless prison. The courtyard was deserted and sleepy, the household noises were stilled, the air of the mid-afternoon was lying heavy and hot. Suddenly, without warning, the four members of the gang, fully armed and excited, burst into the room!

"You must write a letter at once," said the leader to Mrs. Starr. "An Afridi army has come up from the Khyber direction and will fire our houses! Write now and stop it!"

The third rescuing party had arrived at the opportune moment. Mrs. Starr, who had risen with great dignity when the men came in, said, "I will neither write nor speak with you inside our room which you have entered unannounced. Step outside with me into the courtyard." Wondering as she went out whether this was all a ruse and what it could mean for their safety, she said, "What does a woman know about armies ¥ I came here only to look after the girl." "She does not need you. She is not ill, " growled the leader. "That is for me to say," returned Mrs. Starr calmly_

"You! Who are you! You can do nothing! What authority have you T The authority is mine!" he shouted.

The tone was angry. There was some reason for this that Mrs. Starr could not penetrate. She replied with a quiet command that he was not to speak to her in that way, and beckoned a messenger to go and bring the Rissaldar as quickly as possible. The men, excitedly talking all at once, refused to come out of the room, and Mrs. Starr refused to go inside. At last three came out, leaving the least important one with Miss Ellis. Shahzada closed and barred the door. Mrs. Starr quickly opened it and, standing in the door- way, talked with the excited men in Pushtu, every once in a while throwing a reassuring sentence in English over her shoulder to Miss Ellis.

"You are the cause of all this trouble. Why are you hereT You shall not go back to her. We will separate you," said the angry men.

Just lit this point a man rushed into the courtyard calling, "It is too late! Fighting has begun!" Shahzada, shaking with wrath yelled, "Our houses are burned-our women are killed! Y au are the cause!" The khans, released from the jirga, heard the commotion and came running to the court yard and to the room of the women. The four kidnappers angrily accused the men of Khanki Bazar of treachery, in bringing the girl to Mullah Mahmud's house so that the Afridi army might burn their homes and maltreat their families.

The three plans of rescue were coinciding in their climax just at the right moment. The khans took the excited men into another room to face the Mullah Mahmud, while the Rissaldar told of the outrage to the mullah's hospitality committed when the men forced entrance into the women's room-women guests of the mullah!

Foiled, entrapped and humiliated, the leader of the four lost all self-control and angrily called down curses upon the head of the holy mullah-the keeper of the sacred shrine I The khans stood around terrified, expecting him to be struck down by a bolt from heaven. Mullah Mahmud, infuriated, returned a torrent of abuse, laying upon Ajab, Shahzada, Gul Akbar and Mir a passionate and blasting curse with all the secret accompaniments known only to a learned mullah. The stricken men cringed before him and, removing their turbans, laid them at his feet begging forgiveness and the revocation of the awful curse.

In this humbled condition, the Rissaldar offered the minimum terms of release that the British Government had decided upon. Without more ado the abductors accepted them, and the Rissaldar sent word to the Afridi army to stop all hostilities, but to keep together as a force to be called upon if needed as an escort.

Miss Ellis could not leave the town till the exchange prisoners

A WOMAN'S ADVENTURES ON THE WILD AFGHAN FRONTIER

arrived, so that Mrs. Starr made those days of freedom among the people count for God. Sick folk thronged her, and she ministered to them. Case!! needing surgical treatment slie urged to come to Peshawar hospital, and told of the wonderful cures she had seen there. Even the rheumatic ankles of the mullah came under her care, and she helped six women and several children of his house·· hold. A ten rupee note passed from the mullah to Mrs. Starr to buy medicines for her hospital, and a cordial invitation was given to her to come again with a full supply of medicines for a longer MRS. STARR (STANDING) AND MISS ELLIS (SEATED) IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE RESCUE stay in the country. She told him that many would gladly come into their land and bring them all sorts of blessings, if their treachery and war-like ways did not keep their country closed. He replied: "Every other Englishman has entered the country either as a prisoner or a soldier. You only have entered it as a friend-a guest."

At last the women and their escort were free to start homeward. As the little company was leaving, a beautiful Pathan necklace of Turkish gold coin was handed to Miss Ellis-a gift from the mullah. Out of respect to the shrine which they had to pass, they went on foot out of the village, while the people gathered on the roofs of the houses or stood in the doors of their little huts and shouted, "Come again some time I"

As they neared home and turned the last corner on the lower

slopes of the hills, Sir John Maffey, the Chief Commissioner, met them, and all traveled on foot the last mile into Shinawari Fort where Major Ellis was waiting to receive his daughter.

Mrs. Starr returned to her hospital at Peshawar to take up the routine as if nothing out of the ordinary had happened. Soon more patients from the interior began to come asking, "Is this the place of the woman who went to Tirah T" Big, strong klansmen visited the hospital to see their friends and relatives and to see the nurse who had ventured into the forbidden land. "We would have protected you if we had known you were going in," they said. One Afridi woman patient pressed upon Mrs. Starr her wedding garments and jewels, that she might be photographed in the garb of an Afridi woman-whose sister they felt she now was.

Many beneficial political changes have been successfully launched since the release of Miss Ellis. A jirga of mammoth size, addressed by the High Commissioner, has signed agreements such as had never before been broached. But the farthest effects of the episode are not political but are in the personal, the intimate, the heart-life of the people. An old Afridi woman said to Mrs. Starr on her return ~o Peshawar: "Whell:l have you been these absent days, 0 Mem SahiM" "In Tirah, 0 Mother," Mrs. Starr replied. "Is it true1" she questioned. "I had heard so. Now you are truly one of us-for none but Afridis walk abroad in Tirah."

Returns on a Missionary's Investment "IBY ELIZABETH McCAULEY, LUTHERAN :MISSION, GUNTUR, INDIA T SEEMS to me YOu missionaries have the most hopeless work in the world," said an English lady to me not long ago. "Yet you never seem depressed. What is it that makes you so happy!"

The answer was short and simple: "The work is not ours but God's."

In addition to the chief joy of working with a divine Partner in giving the Good News to people and showing them the very best way to live, there are countless human joys every day that help to make up the great "hundred-fold" promised by our Master. Imagine yourself experiencing some of these.

Letters from two of last year's training students express loving appreciation for the blessings of the school and hostel. In far away villages they are seeking to tell the Good Tidings and to live out what they learned while in training.

A small brown figure comes to your door before daylight one morning with a little home-made birthday card on which little

1926J RETURNS ON A MISSIONARIY'S INVESTM'ENT

Yosepu has laboriously printed in red and black ink: "Happy Birthday." Money wouldn't buy that card!

A police constable, who has just lost his wife, comes to talk with you of the virtues of the dear departed one. He knows that you, too, loved her and wants to hear you say over and over what a good woman she was.

A bright letter from a bright young girl, now attending the Woman's Christian College, Madras, tells you all about her studies, friends and teachers in the College. She is confident of your interest and sympathy.

Two Bible women come from a distant village to tell of God's dealings in the lives of the women in the homes where they teach and of twenty-one high-caste people baptized recently as a result of the Gospel message in their village.

When you go to Madras on business, one of the former orphan boys, now a member of the Madras Police Force, meets you at the station and insists on doing everything he can for you throughout the day. In the evening before your train leaves he brings his little wife, of whom he is very proud, and you three sit at one of the station cafe tables while he treats you to tinned biscuits and" sorda. "

A young Christian teacher tells you that he has received his first salary of $10 a month and has set aside one tenth of it for the Lord'.s work. He asks to help support one of the orphan boys and goes away with face beaming as he contemplates the pleasure of caring for one of Jesus' little ones.

One morning you find on your desk a little wooden easel on which is a fearful picture of the Resurrection. One of the carpenter boys tells you: "I did it myself, Amma. See how nicely I colored the picture with colored crayons." The pleasure of his face and voice is worth traveling far to see and hear.

On Sabbath night, after church, one of the teachers comes as usual for prayer for the boys. You kneel together before the Throne and you hear him pour out his heart for one of the boys who is wayward, for another who is lying at death's door with fever; for r~azar who has gone to school in another village. He praises God for rain for the garden, for little Gideon's recovery from illness, for the helpfulness of Arthur and Ratnam, for the simple faith of the "Little Lights, " for the turning from sin of some of the big boys. You thank God that the boys are in the care of a big brother who thinks of their every need and loves them.

"Why are we missionaries happy¥" There are a thousand reasons. In the face of such countless opportunities for helpfulness, with such boundless scope for helpfulness and pleasure-giving, the Christian who would not be happy must be an incurable pessimist! The sunshine of God's presence fills our lives and we see His smile in the happy eyes of His children who come to our door.

Influence of the Bible on Moslems·

BY THE RiEV. S. M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT Editor of The Moslem Worla T HE general advance which has been possible in the great Mo- hammedan world within the last three decades has been pre- pared for by the work of the Bible Society. In fact, most of the revolutionary changes, economic, social, moral and spiritual, which we are now witnessing in the world of Islam are due directly or indirectly to the influence of this great Book. The translators, the publishers and the colporteurs of the Bible have been the pioneers for all missionary work among the Mohammedans. Where missionaries have never been, the agents of the Bible Society have already prepared many a heart among Mohammedans to receive with sympathy the message of Jesus Christ.

In 1914, Mr. Hooper, the agent of the British and Foreign Society, and I sailed down the Red Sea. We tried to land at Yembo but the people said: "This is holy ground, and no Christian is allowed to land at Yembo." One man stepped out from the crowd and said: "Yes, they shall land, because I am their friend." "Who are youf" I asked. "My name is Mohammed," he replied. We followed him to his house, and, after he had showed us hospitality in true Arabian fashion, he said, "Do not call me Mohammed, but by my new name, Gurgis (George)." "How can your name be George.' You were born here in Yembo, " we said. "Yes, and my father's name was Mohammed." Then he took down from a shelf a copy of the New Testament and turned to the last chapter of St. Matthew's Gospel and read: "Baptize them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit. " He said, "I baptized myself Gurgis." Thus a Mohammedan inquirer proved his faith by his works and announced his own baptismal name in that lonely port on the West Arabian coast. The circulation of the Scriptures has done three things in the great Mohammedan world. In the first place, it has created a new mental attitude in an Arabic-steeped Mohammedan world. All their prayers, all their sacred ritual have been in the Arabic tongue, but the circulation of the Bible has produced a new mental attitude and the Mohammedans are now translating their Koran. That world is no longer speaking the one language and reading one book, but is polyglot, and in every great Mohammedan language you .can now • From an address at the British and Foreign Bible SOciety'. annual meeting, London, May, 1925.

270 purchase the Bible, the whole Word of God, in the language understood by the people.

An Arab who came to see us in Baghdad was discussing the difference between the Koran and the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Finally I said: "Will you express the difference that you have found between the two books f "

Hesitating for a moment, he replied: "The Koran resembles one of those costly vessels that come to us from Persia filled with rose-water and carefully sealed, for which you pay a high price in MOSLEM SEEKERS AFTER GOD – AWAITING THE LIGHT the market. The Bible resembles the Euphrates and the Tigris coming down from Aleppo and pouring out life for the whole of Mesopotamia."

A NEW MORAL SENSE Not only has the Bible created a new mental attitude, but it has created a new moral sense among M.ohammedans. The old ideas no longer satisfy when you circulate the Scriptures. This book produces moral bankruptcy in the heart of every man who reads it and .sees himself in its light. When Moslems see themselves in the mirror of the Bible they can no longer accept the ideals of the Koran. Ellraq, a Mohammedan paper published in Baghdad, two years ago at Christmas contained this editorial: "On the morning of December 25th, nineteen hundred and twenty-three years ago, the ray that leads to the right path appeared in Bethlehem as a

bright star, and His light spread over the East and the West. On this day was born the Image of Love and the Great ChUd. He spent the days calling people to the Truth and guiding them in the right path. He sheltered the sheep against the wolves. He was pure of heart and His hidden thoughts were clear. He was humble like a blessed ear full of wheat grains, and that in an age when error had a universal rule and when the wolves longed to enslave others. All His life Jesus was loved by the pure and good. He was only shunned by the arrogant and the proud. Neither the greatness of the Cresars nor the sophistry of the priests could turn Him away from His holy purpose, for how can perishable greatness and apostate priesthood wrestle with immortal glory f ' , On my recent visit to India I found that the Mohammedan press was freely quoting from the Scriptures. In their own propagandist literature the arena once was the Koran and tradition. They have now chosen as their arena of conflict against Christianity the New Testament itself. We are glad to accept this ground because the Word of God is sharper than any Damascene blade and defends itself.

HerE) are some questions asked me by young Mohammedans in crowded meetings in Madras, Hyderabad, Bombay and Lahore.

"One of the principal claims which Christians advance as to the personality of Jesus is that He was the Son of God. Can these claims be sustained from Mark 10:18; Luke 18:6; Matthew 19:17; John 14:12, and John 20: 177"

"Did Jesus ever dream of making Himself pass for an incarnation of God? Please give me evidence from the three Synoptic Gospels."

"What inference would you draw from verses expressing that Jesus was God and His dying ejaculation' See Matthew 27: 46; Mark 15: 34."

"Do Mark and John together give a record of the birth and early life of Jesus' If not, why noU"

"How is it that Matthew's Gospel does not record anything regarding the activities of Jesus after His return from Egypt f"

This whole series of questions proves that they were not only familiar with the Scriptures, but that they were studying the Bible for the evidence that the Bible affords of the mission and the work of Jesus Christ.

In the third place, throughout the whole Mohammedan world the circulation of the Scriptures is producing a new spiritual hunger for the living Christ. Everywhere doors once sealed and barred have been laid open. Everywhere missionaries speak of a new day of opportunity.

Some years ago I visited the old mosque of Santa Sophia in Constantinople. Its magnificent dome has as an adornment one of the great texts of the Koran written in beautiful Arabesque. The words, high above the heads of all the worshippers, are these: "God is the light of the Heavens and of the Earth. His light is as of a lamp in a 'fIIiche, kindled from the blessed olive tree, neither of the East nor of the West. Light upon light, glory upon glory: God is light."

THE INFLUENCE OF THE BIBLE ON

When I entered Santa Sophia I saw the inscription and, with my pockets full of literature, mostly the gospels, in Arabic, I paused to read it. As I expected, one of the Mohamm.edan worshippers said: "Can you read Arabic¥" "Yes," I said: "to read that is comparatively easy, but to understand it is not so easy."

"Can you explain it 7" he asked. "I should like to try," I answered. "Let us be seated." We sat down in the mosque of Santa Sophia and a small company gathered round. Then I opened my pocket Testament, gave away copies of the Gospels and read from the eighth chapter of John: "Jesus said: I am the light of the world j he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life." In that mosque those Moslems gladly accepted the gospels and listened to the interpretation of God as the Light, and the Light Incarnate and the Light through His Holy Spirit, and there was nothing to hinder or make afraid. I visited an old sheikh in charge of the mosque of Omar in J erusalem. Mter we had seen the tomb of Othman we sat in his study, and I asked him: "Have you a Bible1" From a niche he brought forth a Bible with the imprint of the British and Foreign Bible Society on it, and there we sat and studied that book. He, the man who guards the mosque of Omar, is seeking the light that never shone on sea or land, but that floods the face of Jesus Christ. It was my great privilege for a number of years to venture to carry the Gospel of Jesus into the Azhar University at Cairo. In past years I went very often with great difficulty, but during recent years it has been my privilege personally to give to more than 150 students at EI Azhar University a copy of St. Matthew's Gospel, inscribing it as a gift, and to be taken home by them to their homes. We have had prayer with some of the professors in their library, and on the occasion of my last visit they requested that the agent of the American Bible Society, who accompanied me, should send twelve copies of the whole Bible in Arabic to be used by them personally.. Even the boys of the streets are beginning to r~ad the Bible in Cairo I It was a cold day in November. I left my boarding-house to go to the American Mission, and early iIi- the morning at half-past seven, there sat three street urchins, huddled together with a robe over them as protection against the rain. I thought they were gambling or smoking, so I stopped to speak with them. When I lifted their garment the middle boy was just reading: "And God said to Abraham: Get thee out of thy country. " "What are you doing here7" I asked.

"Hassan reads to us from the book he bought at the depot of the British and Foreign Bible Society."

The Bible Societies in a real sense are like John the Baptist, preparing the way of God.

I

Education and the Home

BY JAMES CANNON 3RD, DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA. Professor of Missions in Duke University O NE of the chief features in the history of Ohristian missions during the past one hundred and twenty-five years has been the constant broadening of the home base. Possibly missions might have fared better on the whole had their conduct not been set apart as a special Ohristian activity but had been made a part of the regular church program rather than a distinct department. The fact is that during the greatest period of Ohristian missionary expansion special boards, societies, and movements have been relied upon to launch and maintain Christian missions in non-Christian lands. In the beginning of foreign mission work by American churches, an appearance of unity was given when Congregational, Presbyterian, and Reformed churches united in the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, chartered in 1812. This apparent unity seems to have been due largely to the weakness of the participants, for as the work and resources increased each denomination established its own agency. In 1840 there were thirteen separate mission boards in the United States and Canada.

The following table shows the growth in the number of missionary agencies in North America: New Board$ FDNner! 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 to to to to to to to to tD to to Denominational ……. . Non-denominational … . 1819 1829 1839 1849 1859 1869 1879 1889 1899 1909 1918 4 1 G 6 6 9 28 27 35 12 8 1 1 0 0 1 4 1 5 5 14 17 In America the support of missions has moved chiefly along denominationallines, though there are many activities in which interboard cooperation is manifested. Among these may be noticed: 1. Special and Annual Conferences by bodies working in particular fields. For instance, in 1914 a number of boards having work in Mexico united in a division of territory in that country. There have also been special conferences in Africa, China, Japan and other fields.

2. Research. A notable example in this field is the Missionary Research Library in New York City. Various home boards have cooperated in surveys of home problems and foreign boards in surveys of foreign fields. The Institute for Social and Religious Research is doing excellent work. The surveys of Latin America in preparation lor the Panama Conference of 1916 and the recent Montevideo Congress were conducted under the auspices of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America.

3. Missionary Literature. The Missionary Education Move- 274 ment is a joint enterprise engaged in producing good missionary literature. The Laymen's Missionary Movement printed literature and the Oommittee of Reference and Oounsel of the Foreign Missions Oonference has sponsored several publications. 1'he United Mission Study Oommittee of the Women's Societies has, for the pa!3t twentyfive years, been publishing valuable texts.

4. Education and Home Cultivation. The most notable example is the Missionary Education Movement which conducts conferences for training leaders.

5. United Giving. There have been some simultaneous financial eampaigns, but the most extensive enterprise of this kind undertaken by the Inter-Ohurch WorId Movement did not reach its objective.

6. Recruiting. Through the Student Volunteer Movement and the Board of Missionary Preparation this feature has been successfully handled.

7. Councils and Conferences. Chief of these is the Foreign Missions Oonference of North America, organized in 1893. This body promoted the Ecumenical Missionary Conference in New York in 1900, the Edinburgh Conference of 1910, and the Washington Oonference, 1925. The Home Missions Council, organized in 1908, unifies Home Mission Boards in a similar way, and the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America brings concerted action differently.

Even this array of joint enterprises leaves the great tasks of missions in the hands of the respective denominational agencies. For mission boards, the task of missions, viewed from the angle of the home-base, involves three chief activities-education, recruiting, and finance. In fact, the whole duty of a home-base staff might be said to revolve around the question of Education, for a true educational policy will of itself produce both recruits and financial support.

The recruiting problem is well set forth by C. H. Patton in his book, "The Business of Missions," in which he points out that the effective force of missionaries of American boards in the foreign fields totals approximately 17,000. To maintain this force requires 1,500 new recruits a year, making no allowance for advance. In 1920, 1,732 new workers were sent out, a surplus of 232 over replacements. In 1921, 1,620 were sent out, so a surplus of 120 was recruited. The response to the recruiting appeal in recent years has in the main been greater than to the financial appeals, so that many boards find themselves unable to send out all the new workers available. The Survey of the Year made in 1922 by the editors of the International Review of Missions leads them to state that" All reports agree that the choice young men and women in the churches and colleges are volunteering for foreign service." The same magazine pointed out that American recruits were sufficient to maintain the forces at pre-war levels in all nelds, despite withdrawal of the European workers. There was a falling off in 1917-18, during American participation in the war, but

the level was quickly restored under the post-war forward movements of all denominations. There is, however, always a shortage of adequately trained workers, and the number required adequately to extend Christian work in the world is practically without limit. When the totally unoccupied fields, those only partially occupied, and those lacking properly qualified workers for technical phases of work are added up, it will be seen that the total of recruits needed to evangelize the world is tremendous. At the Edinburgh Conference in 1910, it was said that there are over 120 million souls for whom no plans had been made or even contemplated by any Christian agency.

The amount of money needed is no doubt greater than will ever be supplied, but the churches planted in various mission lands may: rightly be expected to undertake not only their own support, but also a large share in the evangelization of their countrymen.

Some progress has been made in financial support also. 1. During pre-war years Dr. C. H. Patton wrote in the Inter- -national Review of Missions on "Broadening the Home Base: "At the celebration of the centenary in 1912 of the consecration of the first five American missionaries there were 47 denominations doing work abroad with an income of $10,707,711 and $1,898,915 given by native Christians in 1911." In the same magazine it was stated in 1916 that" Gifts to Foreign Missions in the United States and Canada in 1914 were $17,168,611 and rose in 1915 to $18,793,990.83 out of 192 organizations reporting an increase. " 2. During the war period the contributions to missions in England at first fell off, but later greatly increased so that in 1918 the International Review of Missions reported: "The maintenance of missions is to a large extent ensured. • • • On April 17, 1918, out of 15 missionary societies (British) 13 reported an increase larger than that of the previous year and 10 the highest increase on record. " The same situation prevailed in American societies, which made a great effort necessary to replace workers taken by war calls.

3. After the war, in 1920, the income of the societies in the United States and Canada was reported as $40,276,200. Practically every American Protestant denomination was working through some form of "Forward Movement" or "Centenary" program. These campaigns marked a period of educational propaganda followed by a financial drive in which pledges were made for a period of years. In most cases the "askings" were actually pledged in denominational drives, though the Interchurch World Movement appeal for one hundred and fifty-five million dollars in one year, or three hundred and fifty million dollars in five years, failed completely.

4. The post-centenary period has been one when most boards faced difficult situations. In many cases the pledges made under pressure were not paid in full. Boards which anticipated full pay-

1926J MISSIONARY EDUCATION AND THE HOME BASE

ments in their advance appropriations suffered heavily. In other instances the regular income fell off while the special effort was in progress and has never reached its former level. New work was projected on new money and funds for regular support have not been forthcoming. The result has been that while total benevolent gifts in America have greatly increased, most of these increases have not been in the regular missionary incomes. .

A wholesome lesson seems to have been learned. The Forward Movement campaigns, in the main, were based on a financial drive with educational and recruiting adjuncts. The drive was short, intensive, and effective in raising pledges, but its results were not permanent. Oultivation of the home base must emphasize a thorough, well-rounded program of education in the local congregation under trained leadership. Out of this may be expected increased financial offerings and a large number of recruits. The roots must be planted deep so that these twin fruits may appear. Two phases of the problem at once emerge. First, the production of trained leaders to carry out the program, and second, the working out of a detailed plan of aotivity to be put into operation by this trained leadership.

Leadership in missionary education should be looked for from two sources, first, the pastorate, and second, the lay membership of the church. The chief agencies through which these two groups are to be trained are unquestionably the seminary, the college, and in the local church (including here special institutes and schools of missions). In the seminary the future minister is trained, and the best seminaries today provide instruction in missions. This is, or should be, designed to meet the needs of outgoing missionaries and also of home pastors. The need of home pastors for adequate seminary instruction in missions is at least equal to that of the future missionary. The Edinburgh Oonference expressed the view that not over ten per oent of Protestant pastors are really interested in missions and give neoessary emphasis to this phase of their work. The best means of reaching pastors before they begin work is through training prior to entry upon their active ministry. When this has not been done denominational bodies find a great need for the speoial training of pastors through specially prepared literature and in institutes designed to arouse missionary zeal.

Every pastor also needs intelligent lay workers in his congregation. If these are not already available they must be trained within the congregation by processes which will vary according to local conditions. However, denominations have a right tOllook to the colleges which they support and control to do something by way of interesting students in missions. There seems no good reason why missions should not :find a place in the curriculum of· every denominational institution. A survey of the teaching of missions in denominational colleges of the North Central Association shows that about two thirds

of such colleges are now offering the equivalent of one·full year course in "Missions" or "Religions. " In the first two college years, where foundation courses for general culture predominate, courses in missions may not have a place, but in the last two years where courses for life work culture appear, there should be included missions courses that give a world outlook and an appreciation of world problems. Oourses in the History of Religion and in Oomparative Re- ligions furnish a knowledge of religious values desirable as grounds for the appreciation of civilizations other than the Anglo-Saxon and European. These courses should be planned to interest and instruct future lay workers and to give a certain degree of vocational guidance to all students. An overcrowded curriculum, and the difficulty of giving such courses properly, afford obstacles, but these may be overcome. The impressive problem of home cultivation, however, is the planting of missionary training in the life and thought of the typical American congregation. This should be the final goal of all missionary training. Out of the local church come the future college students, the future pastors, the future missionaries. In it remains the rank and file of the church membership whose prayers and consecration and offerings are the support of all missionary activities. Only as the local church becomes missionary will the general denominational body be truly so, and only when all denominations become thoroughly missionary will the entire Church of Christ move forward to win the world for its Lord. If such a program under· an adequately trained college and seminary leadership can be inaugurated in each local congregation and permanently maintained there, the longest step towards adequate cultivation of the home base of missions will have been taken. Out of such a program only can there be expected to grow a stable financial support for an adequate supply of recruits in the cause of missions.

SOME SIAMESE PROVERBS'

1. When a dog bites yon don't bite back. 2. When you enter a city whose inhabitants are cross-eyed, you must become cross- eyed too. 3. Some think they can break a log over their knee. 4. 'Toothless old tigers can often memorize the commandments. 5. Some folks are near salt yet they eat ashes. 6. He fled from the tiger and ran into a crocodile. 7. It is easy to find friends when you are feasting; but difficult when you are dying_ 8. Some people cut a bamboo-joint to make a drinking cup before any water is discovered.

9. When in love even boiled vegetables are sweet; when you hate one even sugar is bitter. 10. He who would eat the cocoanut must crack it first-but not with his teeth_ • From The Siam Outlook_ -Paul A. Ea1cin.

Challenge of South

BY MRS. S. G. INMAN, LEONIA, NEW JERSEY T HE study of Latin America will prove especially interesting and profitable if we keep in mind the romance of the past, the rapidly changing present, and the promising future of our southern neighbors.

The little island of Santo Domingo is the cradle of American history. Here Columbus built the new world's first city, with its beautiful cathedral which is still standing and in which his bones rest today. Here the first American university was established and from here Cortez went to Cuba and organized the expedition that resulted in the conquest of Mexico. From here Pizarro, with a few followers and no equipment worthy of the name, started out to find the fabled "riches of Peru.

Pizarro succeeded in finding gold but in doing so he destroyed one of the world's oldest civilizations. The center of this civilization was Cuzco, where lived the Inca or Emperor who had extended his realm until it included nearly all the west coast of South America. and the Andes highlands. The people were marvelous builders. One looks on the ruins of their great temples and fortresses with amazement and admiration. Where did they get these immense stones Y How did they cut them to fit so closely that one cannot insert a knife blade between the crevices 2 The government of the Incas was paternalistic. Everything centered on the Inca-so that when he was captured by the Spaniards the whole structure fell. The Indians were enslaved and their beautiful forts and temples were destroyed.

The Spaniards also imposed their religion upon the Indiansin form if not in reality. In ancient times these Indians saluted each other with, "Thou shalt work and thou shalt not steal"; now their greeting is "Holy Mary, without sin conceived." The priests from Europe built their churches on top of the destroyed Indian temples, so that the Indians would come there naturally to worship. The Indian gods were rechristened with Bible names. And today the Indians dance the old pagan dances in front of the country churches. In the highlands of Peru I saw Indians, dressed in leopard skins and masks, engage in these ancient dances.

Today Peru is governed by a despot. For example: a prominent young woman, who conducted an industrial school for girls, operated a little printing press on which she printed, for some of the university students, a protest against some government abuses. As a result she was thrown into prison where she endured great hardships for ninety days. Since further work in Peru was impossible, one of the 2m

ladies of our party gave her funds to go to Argentina to open another school. A young manager of a ranch, a friend of a former official whom the President did not like, was falsely accused and imprisoned. The upholstery in his home was ripped up and the plaster torn from the walls, in hope of finding revolutionary literature and, although none was found, he was ordered deported. He had no means of communicating with his family, but an official of the steamship line sent them word and the beautiful young wife had but thirty minutes to pack their clothes and join her husband on the vessel on which we were traveling. She left behind five little children and started out, she knew not whither, for they had no passports.

The only center of liberal thought in Peru is in the university of San Marcos, the oldest university in the new world. Twenty-eight of her professors have been deported. The chair of philosophy is occupied by one of South America's most influential Protestant missionaries. Dr. John Mackay of the Scotch Presbyterian Mission has become the friend of the students and is also director of a large boys' school in Lima. The Methodists have near here a fine girls' school and the only Protestant missionary hospItal in South America.

Chile is often called the Britain of South America. The President is a man of the people, and is fighting for them against the power of the land owners and the Roman Oatholic Ohurch. The people of Chile are alert and the women seem to have more freedom and more chance for seH-expression than in other Latin American countries. The woman's movement is expressed in four powerful women's clubs, representing respectively the aristocracy, the professional woman, the middle-class woman and the working woman. The first is the only one working for votes for women. As it is under the control of the archbishop, the other clubs are afraid of the franchise for women on account of the danger of more active priestly control. The women's clubs in Chile, Argentina and Uruguay are more interested in social betterment, community service, the education of the poor, and child conservation than they are in politics.

The Chilean poetess, Gabriela Mistral, a lovable and spirituaUyminded woman, is a Oatholic, fighting the sins of the Ohurch from within.

The Young Women's Christian Association at Santiago is a university for university women. With the guidance of the secretary the girls conduct the affairs of the Association and raise a large part of the funds. Though mostly Catholic, they have their Bible study classes and last year they selected Fosdick's "Meaning of Prayer" as their study book. When the Association faced financial difficulties, one Roman Catholic girl said: "There seems nothing we can do about it. We must pray for guidance. And let us all knee;} as we pray. It seems so disrespectful to stand."

Another great movement in these· countries is the temperance

THE CHALLENGE OF SOUTH AMERICA 2St

campaign. Like all the forward-looking movements in South America, it has developed within the last ten years. In Chile it has been fostered by the laboring men and in 1923 the Pan-American Conference in Santiago passed a resolution favoring "progressive diminution of the consumption of alcohol." Chile, a great wine-producing country, drawing a rich revenue from the traffic, championed the resolution and, with Argentina, Uruguay, Colombia and other countries, has presented to its congress a project for partial prohibition. A program of compulsory temperance instruction has been adopted in the public schools of practically all the countries represented.

Most interesting of all the great movements of South America is the students' movement. Thousands of students in the universities of Argentina, Chile and Peru and other republics have joined in an "idealistic fraternity" which has been fired by what one of their leaders calls a noble dream of transformation. The movement has decried "parchment scholarship" demanding reorganization of the whole syste,m of higher education-called militaristic, materialistic, aristocratic and ultra-nationalistic. It declares itself in revolt against "the nationalistic sophism that the interests of the nation, right or wrong, are superior to all morality." Awake to the danger of a purely utilitarian education that may Hextinguish the sacred fire of souls," it calls for the cultivation of the spirit. Its further watchwords are peace, brotherhood, humanity, international solidarity and service. The university men of Chile have issued a manifesto declaring they would never take up arms against their Peruvian fellowstudents. In Argentina, Bolivia, Peru and Chile the movement has associated itself altruistically with the depressed and laboring classes, bands of students voluntarily conducting night schools for workmen, children, Indians and other neglected illiterates.

There is a great eagerness for education which the Evangelical mission schools are doing much to meet. There is a fine Methodist girls' school in Santiago, also a Union Bible seminary supported by Presbyterians and Methodists. There is a Presbyterian boys' school whose graduates occupy positions of honor and leadership throughout the republic. In Buenos Aires the Methodists and Disciples unite in the" Colegio Americano," whose graduates are received without examination in the National University. Buenos Aires is such a tremendous city that to work there effectively there is need of the same resources and equipment as in New York City.

The Young Women's Christian Associations, bridging as they do the gap between the past and present social conditions, fill a great need and are crowded to the bursting point. The Associations in Rio and Buenos Aires each have over a thousand members and the fouryear-old organization in Montevideo has four hundred members. There has also been steady but slower growth in the churches; the gain of the last ten years being greater than during the fifty years

preceding. One reason for the slow growth of Evangelical Churches ·was given by a great Argentine educationalist who said at the Monte- video Congress: "Our people have seen so much immorality connected with the estab- lished Church, in the life of the clergy, and so much insincerity in prayer, in the Church's attitude toward education, in charity, in the lives of so-called religious people, that I cannot but feel that missionaries are marching under a much discredited banner. Yon come from a land where religious faith may be taken as the mark of Ohristian character. With ns the very opposite is often true. To save itself, morality has had to sever its religious connection and to look for the support of science."

A. lawyer said to one missionary: " Yon are a Protestant' I respect Protestantism but hate Christianity. 1'he former stands for all progressive, educational and social ideas, but Ohristianity [as we know it] is the base, fountain and source of all our ills. "

This is what makes missionary work in Latin America harder than in many other mission fields. The people already know the name of Jesus but He means to them a sorrowful, broken, powerless man, hanging on a cross. We must, show them that Christ is alive and has power to transform their lives and that He is the answer to the spiritual longing in the hearts of the people today.

In Brazil, Protestantism has made greater advances than in other South American countries. In Rio alone there are one hundred Evangelical preach- ing places and a pastors' association has sixty members. The first Presbyterian church has nearly two thousand members and supports eighteen branch Sunday-schools and a number of missionaries. Rio is perhaps the foremost Evangelical center in the Latin world.

The possible future of these Latin American countries staggers the imagination. We receive great quantities of tin from Bolivia, chocolate from Ecuador, rubber and coffee from Brazil, quinine from Peru, nitrate, winter fruits and the world's richest copper from Chile, and the A,rgentine is already one of the world's greatest producers of wheat and beef. South America has untouched mineral resources and great uncultivated plains with room for the surplus populations of the old world. Immigrants are coming over at the rate of a million a year-a tide that must profoundly affect the future.

Within the fringe of culture and progress that marks the coast of South America lies another continent. We could draw a line from north to south four thousand miles long and not touch a single Evangelical mission station. This continent within a continent covers 6,000,000 square miles or four-fifths of the entire area. It constitutes for Evangelical Christianity the largest expanse of unoccupied territory in the world. It contains ten million Indians ranging from the more civilized highland Indians to the head hunters of Ecuador and the wild savages of the Amazon.

Within this great neglected area there are a few bright centers. In Asuncion the Disciples of Christ have a large school to meet one of the greatest opportunities in all South America. In the Ohaco, among the savage Indians, the Church of England, led by Barbrooke Grubb, has one of the most remarkable mission stations in the world-described in Mr. Grubb's thrilling book, "An Unknown People in an Unknown Land." This effectively answers the question, "Are missions worth while?" Neither Catholic nor Protestant has more than touched this almost unknown "continent within a continent." Today we face this great Indian problem without funds and seemingly without hope of starting any large work among them for years to come. What a challenge!

Human

Peter McCarthy and the Morning Star lI1ission BY .TAMES TI. FERRISS, .TOLIET, ILLINOIS PETER McCARTHY inherited some money, a home and other land. Today he has none of these, but is far happier than when . he had them. Perhaps no man is more loved than he for in one year Peter rescued 559 of the jobless; sheltered them 2,479 nights; gave them 5,121 meals, and clothed 1,079 of them. He visited police courts and jails 315 times, and returned to their homes 40 boys and girls who had been received from the friendly police and sheriffs.

Peter prayed with them, paid their railway fares, provided lunches and traveling equipment.

There' is much of this sort of work in Joliet. Many of the churches and other helpful groups are now building or re-building noble struc- tures for future work-educational, social, commercial and religious. The joy of mission rescuers is that felt by men who stand on the brink of a flood giving encouragement and help to the struggling victims.

The Morning Star Mission of Joliet celebrated last year its fifteenth anniversary. Peter McCarthy the superintendent is perhaps the hap- piest person among the 70,000 people of tIle city.

One cold morning recently a man PETER McCARTHY who had no money for a hotel sought shelter at the police station. As Peter came into the station upon his early round, the desk sergeant pointed out the stranger and said, "Maybe this gentleman would like to see you."

"I will be back in a minute or two," said Peter, "and we will go out for breakfast."

"Thank you," said the stranger, "but I am not hungry. I merely came here to get warm. They would not let me stay at the depot."

"Oh, you can't fool me," said Peter. "I have seen hungry men before."

At the restaurant the stranger told of domestic trouble, the de- sertion of his home, and of his wandering. Later at the mission he 28a

knelt for prayer. Under date of Dec. 15, Mr. McCarthy received the following letter from this man, written from Denver: "Dear Mr. McCarthy: To let you know that through constant prayer after leaving you God showed me the way here. I arrived last night. Your few moments' talk with me, and your handling of my case has meant more than I can express. Please pray for me. I will return the money at the first opportunity.

"Sincerely and appreciatively yours, through God I am a Chris- tian. "W. P. HALL."

J. B. Bennitt, though talented and capable, dropped rather low in the list of human occupations. In fact he was a "panhandler," a professional beggar. One night in the noted Jerry McAuley Mission in New York City a man stood and testified to the help he had received from Jesus.

"Be gorra," thought Bennitt, "what does he get for thaU"

Anot:Q.er man aroSe to testify. "Holy smokes I Heis on the pay roll too."

"Still another, and the best of the lot."

When Henry Kratzy, ex-prize fighter, set out to tell the story of his reform, Bennitt received something of a jolt, say'ing to himself, "Me old friend Krutzy I And is he too on the pay roll 1"

Before the service closed, Bennitt himself was upon his knees and gave himself to Christ. A change came over him and now none can doubt his Christian life. He is superintendent of the Union Rescue Mission, 622 Louisiana Avenue, Washington, one of the most famous missions in the land. Bennitt is happily situated in a new building, mission owned.

The Morning Star Mission is unique. Here beds are all freefree as the Gospel! Children come here to receive food and clothing; young travellers are returned home and before leaving receive hand bags and toilet articles, lunch bags, and lunches. A little kindness, a little token, often tames the wild heart more quickly than a sermon or an argument. The surprises at the mission, the joys that bring tears, will never fade from their memory.

"One evening I noticed a stranger near the door," says Peter. "When some one was called for to play the piano, he arose and went to the instrument. K. L. Purdy, the favorite choir leader, picked up his ears for there was a master at the keys playing 'My Mother.' Later the stranger arose and said: 'I thank God for this place and wish there was one in every town. I had a good education. Two of my brothers were educated in Rome. My family disowned me. I don't blame them but thank God that now I am going to die sober.' "

Here is a letter that rings true from one who needs help apparently more than the usual run of mankind:

AFRIOAN HARI'I'ATIONS OF CRUELTY

"FORT PORTER, N. Y., Nov. 1,1924.

"Dear Friends: Just a line this evening in commemoration of the Morning Star Mission. It stands out as a shining star shedding the light of Jesus on the hearts of the poor and destitute. I am serving the nation and its army and I have a large field of labor for the Kingdom of God; for, Brother Pete, men here do not know God. Back in 1914, I first met Mr. McCarthv and my love and frien"dship for him has increased each year. While I was serving a' sentence in the jail in your city he came and asked me to give my heart to God.

r knelt down in the basement back of the boiler, and made the surrender. Give the mission your loyal sup- port and may Grace, Peace and Hope abide wit h you foreyer.

Amen. MORNING STAR MISSION Sincerely in the Lord's wor.k, "HoWARD S. TOMLINSON, Company B. 28, U. S. Infantry."

African Habitations of Cruelty BY W. O. BELL T HE brutality of the raw A.fricannative is something we read about now and then where tlw carnal nature has run wild. One of these cases was brought to my attention a few weeks ago. . .

A woman came with a baby in her arms as she had no doth with which to carry it on her back as is the custom here. About her loins Was a piece of rag about two feet long and eight inches wide. r at once handed her a piece of white cotton. 'l'hen I heard her story.

The woman's name was Chilombo. She had been torn from her husband at a time of war some eight years ago. Two children were captured with her-the youngest a sturdy baby girl whom the mother carried on her back while her little boy ran by her side. The baby was growing and getting heavier so that her captor took his turn in carrying it.

When they arrived in the Bailundo district, the man who had brought the woman and her children from the war as captives delivered the woman to his elder brother, he himself holding claim to the baby on the score of having helped her en route. The boy went with his mother. The woman has had a troublesome existence. Once her new master tried to sell her for three bottles of rum and two more for her baby. For some reason the deal had to be taken back. Her master profited from the sale of foodstuffs from her fields or would send his other wives to help themselves. When her boy, a lad of ten, was quite sick, they bound his legs and buried him before he expired. She says that she heard the screams when he was being put into the hole and she made such a fuss over the matter that her master feared that she would take the case to the Government. He confined her in a. house where she was pinned down to the floor on her back by a plank over six feet long and eight inches wide having a notch fitting over the neck. The ends were securely fastened to uprights so that she could not release herself. Her ankles were in heavy stocks as well. Here she was kept for three weeks, being loosened but once or twice a day to receive a small morsel of food. One can imagine her torture and the filth in which she was forced to lie. "Vhen she promised to not take the matter to the officials she was released.

I flatly refused to credit her story, though by close questioning it seemed true. I sent a trusted elder with her and he came back with the report that her statements were true, while she herself brought the weather beaten plank which had held her so cruelly. She had dragged the plank away where she could hide it, thinking that she might need it for future evidence!

The reason of her having come to me was that she wanted to get the custody of her little girl again. The man who had her said he would release all claims if tho woman would bring him seven and a half bushels of corn. I handed her the equivalent of $6.00 and sent an escort with her. The man who was her captor refused to give up the child as greed caused him to increase his stipulations. The woman returned empty handed feeling much depressed. She has now made a plea direct to the fort and been given a hearing. Her captor has been sent for and before long the mother and daughter may be reunited. In the investigation it came out that this old cruel chief has several sons who are becoming interested in the Word, owing to visits they have made to one of our outstations.

Awakening in

BY REV. ALEX, HARSANYI* OF ASHTABULA, OHIO A Home Missionary for Thirty Years among the Hungarians in the U. S.

T HE Reformed Church of Hungary is one of the largest single Protestant bodies in the whole world. Though the country has been dismembered so that over a million church members, in a thousand congregations, have been attached to Czecho-Slovakia, Roumania or Juglo-Slavia, yet the Reformed Church in Hungary has today almost two million members. It is a mighty church, located in a strategical position. In the Protestant world very little was known of the activities and spiritual life of this great body of Christians. Struggling al· ways for mere existence in a country, where intolerant and aggressive opponents pos- sessed all political power, court influence, and immense wealth, the Reformed Church had little chance for expansion or for tak-· ing part in international church move- ments.

Another obstacle for keeping up con- tact with the Protestant brethren in England, America and other countries comes BISHOP DT~~~~IUS BAL- from the fact that the Hungarian speaks an President of the General Synod Probably of l:be HefoT'med Church of Hunisolated and peculiar language. gary, now in the United States seeking funds for edUcational inthere are no more than a half of a hundred stitutions ot the Church which learned men outside of Hungary, who have lost their funds in the war.

felt the inspiration to study the Hungarian language so as to be able to read the Hungarian church papers and books.

Since Hungary is the border country between Balkan and Oc- cidental civilization, the Reformed Church had a God-given oppor- tunity to evangelize and enlighten the multitudes-who live in spir- itual darkness, oppression and ignorance in southeastern European States. Men with vision and faith started this work some fifty years ago, but in the past the Church never officially interested herself in missionary work in foreign lands. It is different now. Though the war greatly demoralized the administrative and bureaucratic life of the Church, yet she emerged from the great cataclysm with a new sign of life.

Symptoms of a wonderful spiritual awakening manifest them- • Dr. Alex. Harsanyl, senior of Hungarian Protestant ministers in this country. has recently celebrated in his congregation at .Ashtabula, Ohio, the thirtieth anniversary of his ministry in America under tbe Board of Home Missions of tbe Reformed Church in the U. S. He has been for many years the editor of the Hungarian P resbyterian and Reformed Church paper, and also the Director of rel1g1ous literature for the Hungarian Protestants i~ America. He is the author of a dozen or :more religious and temperance books which have gained large circulation among the Magyars.-EDITOR.

287

selves in every phase of the church life in Hungary. Formerly very little attention was paid to the religious and spiritual life of the in- dividual church members, because the ministers were considered as bureaucrats rather than as shepherds of souls. Now pastors of large congregations cheerfully assist members of their own congregations in the organization of sister congregations in the same town. Col- lege and seminary professors are invited on special occasions to, preach in cities where souls are hungry for the Gospel. Great spir- itual conferences both for the ministry and for the laity are held in many of the principal towns. A Student Volunteer Movement, Chris- tian Endeavor Societies, and missionary organizations are active in strengthening the denomination within the land. The Church is not so dependent on the State as formerly. WeaIthy church members are .–.~— realizing more and more their ob- ligations and responsibilities to assist the Church £nancially in fulfilling her mission. Charitable undertakings are started and con- ducted by the Church in the spirit of Christ. A number of new or- phan homes were opened since the close of the great war, and better care is taken of the poor than ever COLLEGE AND SEMINARY AT DEBRECEN before. A deeper Christian fel- One of the oldest institutions of the Re- lowship is binding together memformed Church of Hungary. Originally a btheers coofmtmheurnc.otl.negs.regaItnI. Oconms paan, rdabolyf Roman Cathollc scho()l but became Protestant in the time ()f the Reformati()D, more emphasis is laid on prayer, consecration and inner spiritual life of the individual members of the Church, than there was in for- mer years, when religion was only formalism and traditional custom with many members of the Church, even with those who held the highest positions in the Boards of the denomination. Leaders of the Ohurch have clearer conception of their resp()nsibilities in showing g.ood example to the multitudes, attending faithfully church' services and taking part in the Lord's Supper regularly. A new history of reformation in Hungary is being enacted with wonderful results.

The developing new generation will form a body of more intelligent and more loyal members than were those connected with the Church in the pre·war conditions.

The Reformed Church of Hungary is visibly on the threshold of a regeneration. From a dead church she has become a living body of Christ. It is not the work of men, but of the Holy Spirit. She has gained infinitely more than what she has lost-because she has the gift of the Holy Spirit which will transform the whole Church to a power of God for the salvation of many.

®,,_. .- ® BEST

''ii'iAi'.~ UW" " ow.. "ikrii EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBURG BLDG., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

MISSIONARY MOTHERS' DAY "Mother, dear mother, your many May brings Mother's Day. Why prayers have been heard. Wherever I am, I never forget how much lowe not be ready with a special program to your prayers. The first· dawn of reflection respecting my soul comon missionary mothers on Sunday, or menced with hearing you pray."

some other day, of the first week in Robert Morrison bore testimony: "In my father's house and by my May' Such a program should be of parents' example, I was taught at morning, noon and night to cast my interest to the whole church. The care on God."

Bible lesson on Mary, the mother of From any good life of David Liv- ingstone, get word pictures of the our Lord, or Hannah, who loaned her home at Blantyre with the boy run- ning in from the mill to lay his first ch~ld to the Lord., would be appro- money in his mother's lap. Tell of the family prayer on that last mornpriate. The .story of Monica a mis- ing when David read the 121st Psalm and of the abiding influence of his sionary mother of the early Church, mother in the life of the great mis- sionary explorer. may be adapted from" Brave Adven- Other stories of missionary mothers turers,"* pages 103-104, and given as of early or modern times may be told.

a monologue. The story of the mother If there are any mothers of mission- aries in the community they should be of Bartholomew Ziegenbalg is the special guests.

very beginning of Protestant mis· Various other features will suggest themselves to resourceful leaders. sions. As she was dying, she called ESSENTIAL LINES IN MISSIONARY her children to her bedside. "1 leave EDUCATION you a great treasure, " she said. By MR.s. J. M. STEARNS "You will find it in this book"-as Secretary of Rel'igious and Missionary Edushe handed them her Bible. Largely cation of the United Christian Mission- ary Bor:iety through his mother's influence Bar- Whatever may be the organizatholomew Ziegenbalg became the first tional plans and educational methods used, three general phases in mis- Protestant missionary to India carry- sionary education will predominate.

ing with him his mother's Bible. 1. Informing the church as to hu- man life and its needs, and the William Carey, the scholar and sci- Church and its work everywhere.

entist, looked back to the time bwyhehin~ 2. Teaching the membership about as a little boy, he was allowed the peoples of the world that a spirit mother to fill his room with all the interesting specimens of plant and animal life which he brought in from woods and stream, and counted his mother's sympathetic interest one of his sources of inspiration.

. Durin~ the long winter evenings, In a qUIet Scottish home, a mother talked with her boy about the people who had never heard of God. Years afterward the mother sat alone in that home reading a letter from her son, Robert Moffat, the pioneer mission- ary to Africa: .

_ ~ Published by Central CommIttee tor the of sympathetic brotherhood may de- Umted Study of Foreign MIssions, Weat Medford, Mass. Cloth, 70 cents; paper, 50 cents. velop which will undergird the mis- 289 4

sionary enterprise with prayer, money 8. Stereopticon lectUl'es should be used and life. occasionally; also selected slides for intro- ducing certain missionary themes. 3. Applying the energies of the church in definite Christian service. 9. Pieces of telling missionary literature handed or mailed to non-cooperating mem- Information artl'ests attention and bers often will bring results. awakens interest. Instruction directs the interest toward wise and effective 10. Responsive readings on missionary lines of missionary activity, and fits passages from the Bible, also from compilafor service. tions of missionary items from the fields, can be used to advantage in many meetings Applying the energies of the and assemblies. church in definite Christian service constitutes the expressional side of ll. Short missionary stories, debates, im. the education program, without which personations and dramatic presentations education fails of its purpose. before various classes, assemblies and serv- ices are effective.

12. Occasional dramatic programs before the entire congregation or school can be presented with good results.

Disseminating Mi.l8ionary Informa- Missionary Study and In8truction tion Real knowledge of mission fields and of the missionary enterprise is The bringing of vital, up-to-date, essential to intelligent cooperation in accurate information to the attention the work of the Church at home and of the men of the church, to its young abroad. Missionary instruction for people, and its entire adult member- children and missionary study for ship is an essential phase in mission- mOtl'e mature groups should be careary education. This informational fully planned and thoroughly concampaign should be made immediate, ducted. Such work may be carried intensive, continuous and challenging. forward through the following agen- cies and methods: The following plans for disseminating information are suggested: 1. Mission study classes. 2. Church school of missions. 1. Interesting news items gleaned from 3. Church training night. the daily press, denominational magazines 4. Elective mission study courses for reg· and the MrSSrONAB.Y REVIEW OF i'HE WOR.LD, ular lesson period in Bible-school classes. cUITent magazines, and missionary books should appear in local church papers and 5. Short missionary studies, talks and ilbulletins. lustrated lectures on specific courses as part of the mid-week prayer meeting program. 2. Bulletin boards should carry terse, telling statements. 6. Missio'nary education through pa- geantry and projects in Bible school or 3. Items should be provided for the col- church for regular or special meetings. umns of local newspapers. Usually these, if well chosen, will be welcomed and printed 7. Book reading contests and reading free of cost. courses regularly planned and conducted.

4. Small printed pages of "Missionary 8. Systematic use of missionary publica- Radios," or "News from the Front" may tions. be placed, monthly or quarterly, in church pews. They would be read during the quiet, 9. Hearty -promotion of missionary prowaiting moments as the congregation gath- grams and studies as planned for missioners for worship. ary auxiliaries, young people's societies and other church groups and organizations. 5. Posters, featuring striking bits of in· formation from the nelds, new each week, 10. Study assignments accompanying should appear in the vestibule of the service activities. church. Service Activities 6. Frequent sermons on the mission of the Church, international conditions, needs of Missionary projects and expresvarious nations and races and the progress sional activities should be planned as of Christianity should be presented. the natural, effective and adequate ex- pression of the entire educational pro- 7. Addresses by home and foreign mis· gram. sionaries as often as possible; also by representatives and field workers of the United Christian Missionary Society, shonld be arranged.

BEST METHODS

THE CIRCUIT PLAN FOR STUDY to Galesburg, with an average attend- ance of 93 for the six weeks. Elgin By GEORGE A. HUNTLEY, M.D. came next with an average of 84; Rockford, 68; Ottawa, 54, and Pe- The thought flashed across my mind oria, 48. The interest was well susas an inspiration-why not a group tained and cumulative-a source of of mission study classes conducted on constant encouragement and inspirathe circmit plan, within a geographi- tion to the teacher. cal area and with a peripatetic ONE SUPERINTENDENT'S PLAN teacher! Several state workers with whom I One of the many difficulties which beset the way of missiona;ry education conferred were interested and some in the Sunday-school is the teacher were enthusiastic. Dr. LeGrand, of who has had little missionary educa- Wisconsin, wanted to try the experi- tion and consequently has little interment at once and wrote to headquart- est in missions. Some Sunday-schools ers requesting my services in that have a special week-day mission study state for six weeks for this purpose. class for their teachers each year in Mrs. W. A. Chalmers, of Philadel- which the themes for the year are disphia, took the matter up officially cussed and missionary plans and poliwith the women of Pennsylvania who cies are made for the school as a voted their app;roval unanimously, whole, to be carried out through difbut it fell to the lot of Dr. A. E. ferent departments. Peterson in Illinois to tryout the experiment first. The ideal is a Sunday-school that is missionary through and through-in The textbook chosen was "Prayer all of its rooms, on all of its walls, in and Missions," using "God's Dyna- all of its teachings and all of its mite" as illustrative material. A practices. There are many ways of group of five cities was selected and working toward this ideal. One plan Rev. Charles Carmen, of Galesburg, that has been successful in aNew arranged the local details as follows: Jersey town is reported by Mary E. Ewing in Women amd Missions: Monday was Ottawa night; Tuesday, Peoria ; Wednesday, Galesburg; , 'Three years ago this fall, regular Thursday, Elgin, and Friday, Rock- missionary instruction was started in ford-all in Illinois. Thus I con- our Sunday-school. For two years, ducted the Ottawa class every Mon- the work was carried on in various day night for six weeks, Peoria every ways, none of which was very success- Tuesday night and so on through the ful. Last winter we adopted a new list. plan that seems to have worked.

The pastor or pastors in each city "First of all, the old Sunday-school agreed to sponsor the cause and it is lim-ary room was definitely set aside to the enthusiastic suppOi!:t of these as a missionary room. Slowly but devoted men that the success of these surely we are covering the old shelves classes was largely due. Where more with maps and pictures as we enthan one church existed they com- deavor to create a missionary atmosbined, as, for instance, in Rockford, phere. To this room the classes come where one half of the meetings were for their missionary instructi(}n. held at the First Church and the other Each class in the junior and interhalf at the State Street Church, the mediate departments of the Sundayother side of the city. school comes to the missionary room for three successive Sundays some Some of the churches shifted their time during the year. The regular week night service to the night al- teacher of the class is supposed to atlotted, while others put in the mission tend the missionary class which is in study class as an extra meeting. charge of the special teacher.

There was some rivalry in the groups as to which would have the largest attendance. The honor went

"During the three missionary Sun- them to seats. The master of ceredays, the class simply omits the les- monies, aged nine, announced the prosons in the regular COUJl"Se and re- gram. It consisted of a Chinese play, ceives instruction of another nature. twelve short accounts of Chinese life Last year our plan of teaching was and Chinese music-ruI given by the this: On the :first Sunday, we tried children. After the program the to create an interest in China and the guests were invited to inspect the ex- Chinese people; on the second Sun- hibits. On one table Chinese curios day, we studied the daily life of the were displayed; the children collected people of that country; on the third some of them from the neighbors and Sunday, we considered the needs of the rest were borrowed from the Forthe Chinese people and talked about eign Missions Library in New York. how we could satisfy those needs. The The handwork of the children was assubject matter was adapted to the age sembled on another table in the form of each class. During the class period of a real Chinese village, with a Chriswe did some handwork on 'The Chi- tian school and hospital and a native nese Village Project.' hOWle with three courts as the chief features. On the other table, the chil- "The fifty children who received dren exhibited the scrapbooks, marble the special missionary instruction bags, dressed-dolls and other things have been responsible for many ac- they had made in week-day gathertivities. In September, they carried ings for a Daily Vacation Bible on a missionary poster contest. In School in China. 'The Chinese Eve- October, one of the classes presented ning' helped greatly in the missionary a Chinese play as part of the Rally education of the parents as well -as Day program. In November, some of the children. the children took part in the Thanksgiving program, and made the largest ,'In all this work the aim has been contributions of food and toys in thc two-fold: first, to have the boys and history of the Sunday-school to an girls realize the need of the world for orphanage for the blind. At Christ- Christianity; second, to show them mas time, the splendid program of how to satisfy this need. Because the Board of Foreign Missions was last year's plan seemed to accomplish given by the children who had been this aim more nearly than any other members of the missionary class. In method we have Wled, we hope to foladdition, the Sunday-school gave the low it again." largest offering of the year for missionary work in China. During the WINTER SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS winter months the work continued. Each month some phase of missionary IN FLORIDA work was presented to the entire Sunday-school by the pupils. At For many years summer schools of Easter time, the program provided missions at summer resorts have had by the Board of Foreign Missions was place in the program of missionary presented by the missionary depart- education. Winter schools of mis· ment. sions at winter resorts are of later onglll. They offer opportunity un- "The big missionary event of the paralleled. year was 'The Chinese Evening' given in May. The children made the in- Three outstanding schools were vitations for this affair and distrib- neld in Florida during January, 1926 uted them at the church doors the -at St. Petersburg, DeLand, and Sunday before the great event. The Daytona Beach. The registration at Sunday-school room was decorated St. Petersburg passed the one thouin as Chinese-y a way as possible. sand mark. At the other two schools, Small boys and girls in Chinese cos- the actual J:egistration was not so tumes received the guests and ushered large, but the reach of the influence on the student life of the two cities was beyond estimate, including two

1926J BEST METHODS

meetings at Stetson University, and a rive" and "depart" of railroad series of missionary talks in grammar sohedules are not the last word in and high schools. The high school possibility. Abby G. Willard sug- students enjoyed a map journey gests a possibility independent of through South America, conducted by rails.

a member of the faculty who at- Our churches in Eastern Connecti- tended the Montevideo Conference. cut are scattered, and we have only They revelled in stories of immigrants a few of the larger churches.

and immigration, and entered a con- The only time of year that it is test in an English assignment for the feasible to go "off into the country"

best retelling of a story from the book is in the fall, although better roads "Brave Adventurers" told to them are changing even that condition. We at Chapel. Copies of the book were usually have wonderful weather presented by the schools of missions when, in late September, or early for highest excellence in the various October, we meet on some hilltop. We grades. On Lincoln's birthday, sev- always carry a basket luncheon and eral members of the faculty were the entertaining church provides guests of the Daytona Normal and In- coffee. Our idea is to make as little dustrial Institute and had the oppm'- trouble as possible, and give the tunity of addressing more than four women no excuse for not coming to hundred Negro students who are the meeting.

working hard for an education. The Our last meeting was at Hampton melody of "Swing Low Sweet Char- where there is a cheerful parish house.

iot" and "Standing in the Need of We sat around small tables. This Prayer" will always remain with the "getting together" we consider al- guests of that day, together with the most as important as the program. It strengthening of their own faith by certainly cultivates the cooperative the faith of a woman who began that spirit. Five or six ministers were college with a cash balance of $1.50. there, so there was a fine opportunity At Daytona Beach, members of the to tell the people about the Every- Iaculty spoke in the various Sunday- Member-Canvass plans already being schools, young people's societies and carried out in the state. This year churches of the city. There were teams are going into the states to three supper meetings for the young give information and inspiration.

people and one supper meeting for The chairman of the association of church officers for a discussion of churches had a few minutes to tell of plans for missionary education of the the plans for the week in the associa- entire church. tion.

At two of the schools, the Green At least fourteen churches of our Room Players of Stetson University, Branch were represented at the under the direction of Professor Hampton meeting.

Stover, presented the great religious No one could come by train, as so drama, "Peter the Rock." More few trains stop at Hampton, and than three thousand people attended nearly everyone had to "arrive" and the two presentations which made "depart" by automobile. Two peo- such a profound impression that there ple came a distance of about thirty- was a demand for a dramatic presen- five or forty miles. My own way of tation of equally high grade for next reaching there was by bus to Nor- year. wich, sixteen miles, where a friend WHEN CHURCHES ARE took me on in her car with two SCATTERED others. Five, or six miles up the line, the minister of the Lebanon Church Distanoes are not taken into ac- met us along the "highway" with.an- count in these d..ays as was neoessary other passenger.

in pre-automobil.e d..ays. The "ar- Nineteen went from one church.

So, in many ways, in many places, purposes have a deeper meaning from the work goes on, the workers trying your having given expression to them to adapt methods to changing condi- and they have become a more vital tions. It might be possible for many part of your life.

other rural or suburban communities Publicity should be conducted along to have similar meetings. all possible legitimate avenues. Use If One Meeting is IDlpossible Have the church bulletin for more thought- compelling announcement than the T …. o mere date and place of meeting. Tell " Our children are scattered all who is going to have a special part in over the city, and out through the the program and give some interestsuburbs," moaned a leader. "It is provoking description of the program impossible to get a central meeting." itself. Possibly the" person" or the Sometimes, when one meeting seems "thing" may interest some one whom impossible, two or three or half a you have long wanted to reach. Omit dozen meetings are practicable. A some details to arouse a bit of legitichurch in Georgia has two meetings mate curiosity. of its children's missionary society at the same hour in different sections of Do not hesitate to use daily papers the city.. but be careful not to submit articles of too great length, always keeping It is possible to preserve the in mind the " news element. " A strength of a central organization and write-up of a public meeting must be have it meet in sections. This plan on the editor's desk as soon as the may be used in either city or crural meeting is over. By next week it has churches. One leader or superintend- lost its value as far as the press is ent may have general charge and ar- concerned. range for group meetings wherever a number of children can be gathered Church papers are glad to publish together and group leaders found. outstanding features of missionary Occasional meetings of all the groups activities, for they are recognized as together will add the enthusiasm valuable branches of church work, but which comes through numbers. Many do not feel hurt if everything you leaders, who would be unwilling tc submit is not published, when you take the full responsibility for the think it should be. The editor may entire organization, will do good work have an unusual amount of material on hand and perhaps yours may be all as group leaders. right for some purposes but not just MISSIONARY PUBLICITY what this editor wants. You can easily discover what is good copy by By MRs. OSCAR E. MILES tcrying the method of subtraction. From what you submit, subtract the Publicity Chairman of the Cilncinnati printed article. Do your own cut- Branoh, Womtm'S Missionary Society of M. E. (JIiurch Publicity is one of the greatest as- ting after this and spare the editor! sets of any organization, missionary societies not excepted. If you have Clever :invitations and posters for devised a program for some special special occasions acre a most successful offering or celebration and it has method of publicity and are often a proved successful, let others have the means of enlisting the talent of some benefit of your inspiration. By shar- one hitherto uninterested. One never ing your gifts of brain and heart, knows when the spark of interest mav your own supply is increased immeasurably. By sharing your in- be kindled. The field of publicity is terest and enthusiasm in the cause of missions, your own supply becomes boundless. Many methods may be more firmly fixed. Your aims and tried. Some will prove more effective than others; but if you try some of them you may be surprised at the re- sults.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY THE FEDERATION OF WOMEN'S in Relation to World Peace," in BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS which Mrs. E. C. Cronk, Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt and Mrs. Thomas OF NORTH AMERICA Nicholson were the speakers, brought home to the Conference the fact that THE ANNUAL MEETING-1926 the responsibility of Christians is not The forty four Boards and Societies alone to take the message of salvation of the United States and Canada to individuals, but to Christianize all which compose the Federation, sent human relationships. The Con- delegates to its annual meeting Janu· ference was reminded that the women ary 9th to 12th at Atlantic City just of 2'9 nations have now been given the preceding the Foreign Missions Con· franchise, and that vO'ting women are ference. The delegations included representatives of the Boards from ruling the world whether they knO'W headquarters and local groups from it or not. Peace is an adventure of church societies and city missionary faith. We may have peace if we want federations throughout the country. it. We must demobilize the mind of the WO'rld for war and mobilize for An Enlightened Conscience and a peace. Thus a terrible challenge has New Resolve been given to the Christian Church. A generation of education lies be- The most striking feature of this year's annual meeting was the way in tween declaration of purpose and its which the 300 delegates, not discount- accomplishment. Our method should ing the importance of the work assigned to the fifteen committees but be not revolutionary but evolutionary. without giving long sessions to the cO'nsideration of such details, swiftly We should protest against the miligathered together their collective tarization of youth in our Church and forces to' study certain outstanding other schools, and by every means world questions, and to' determine assist in rearing a generation around what the missionary wO'men O'f NO'rth the world which will "learn war no America could dO' to' answer them. more, " but will learn reliance on Receptivity and response were as- justice, love and mutual respect as a sured at the O'utset, because a quiet basis for a new world order. " Retreat" on the opening Sunday morning prepared those in attendance The following reeommendations through worship, self-examination were adopted: and cO'nsciousness of dependence on God to listen to' the message of the 1. That we promote the study of books conference with unusual acuteness of on peace and international relationspiritual hearing. ships.

Four great international subjects 2. That we seek to create public opinion were presented and each will be re- and to develop a will to peace. membered by the heart-searching on the part of the auditors as well as 3. That we practice international the first-hand knowledge and earnest- friendship. ness of those who spake. 4. That we urge ,christian women to train the boys and girls to a program of peace and world friendship.

5. That we protest against military drill in schools and colleges.

6. That Christian women use the right of suffrage intelligently and faith- fully.

Missions and World Peace The conference voted to add a new The first topic presented for dis- committee to carry out these findings cussion, "The Missionary Enterprise and other projects of an international 295

nature, to be known as the Committee in the face of everyone into whose on International Friendship. eyes I look, there would be no race Present Situation in China, prejudice. "

The present situation in China was The following recommendations analysed by Mrs. Charles Roys, Miss were adopted; Mary Dingman and Dr. A. L. Wam.- shuis. The discussion brought out 1. That Christian women use their in· jjuence to secure: (a) The revision of the Exclusion the following salient elements of the Clauses in the present immigra· situation: The unequal treaties that tion laws ot the United States grant extra-territoriality and tariff and CalUl.da, (b) The passing of naturalization supervision; special privileges to mis- laws based on character and sionaries, ("toleration clauses") ; ability, rather than on race and territorial and commercial exploita- color. tion ; the student movement; the 2. That all missionary literature which tends to foster race prejudice and an development o:f a new national con- attitude of superiority be discarded.

sciousness ; the industrial situation. The MissiO'Yw,ry Enterprise and In- The following recommendations dustrialism as it Affects the W01'k were adopted: for Women and Children 1. 'That Ohristians lead m aSBUmmg a The development o:f industrialism new and sympathetic attitude to- in the Orient was discussed by Miss ward Ohma.

2. That we study new books on this Mary A. Dingman of London, and new situation. Mrs. Edmund J. Lee of China. Miss Dingman outlined the program of 3. That we seek to promote a proper the National Christian Council in its public opinion in regard to revising the unequal treaties.

4. That we recognize and respect the effort to create public opinion to pro- awakening national conscioWiness. duce favorable legislation. The sub- ject of industrial relations was The Missionary Enterprise and Inter- recognized as one of major importance Racia}, Relations In the presentation and discussion to all Mission Boards in this new day of inter"1l'acial relations emphasis of changing emphasis. Has the rested upon the thought that race Church in China clearer vision and prejudice is subtle and sincere heart- more courage than the Church at searching reveals some trace of it in home f We were challenged as we each of us. The prejudiced have been heard of the splendid position taken fed by ideas from unfriendly sources. by the National Christian Council in Christians bear the responsibility of China (May 1922) when it faced and interpreting the various races to our accepted its responsibility to conserve human values in the rapid growth of churches. Responsibility for prejudiced dis- industrialism there. The story of the struggle to translate into action the crimination .against the Orient does determination to protect the little not rest solely upon any state nor upon children under twelve from the dead- ening effects of work carried on the Senate. Everyone here bears some during long hours, and night shifts, blame. Mrs. Eddy brought to her with no regular rest days and conhearers the immigration situation in stant danger from insufficiently connection with Japan, and Mrs. guarded machinery, deeply moved the Conference. Fleming stressed the work of the students in overcoming racial har- riers. From the consideration of these racial questions the problem The Conference was impressed with was pressed home until each delegate facts presented by missionaries en- was testing her own sincerity. Each gaged in mission industries. They was echoing Mrs. Eddy's statement, showed that these industries offer "If I saw the image of Jesus Christ large oPPQrtunities for service for

1.0261 W01M.N'8 FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

Christ in making easier the approach ference. Students through daily to the people with the Gospel; in im- contacts on the campus are doing proving their economic conditions; in more easily and naturally what the developing the desire for better home older generation has a mental struggle conditions; in expressing the love of to accomplish. If both young and Christ toward those bearing the old can see the face of Jesus Christ burden of poverty. in the face of every living being_they The following recommendations will never be conscious of black, brown or white skin. were adopted: 1. That there be a program of educa- The following recommendations tion to enlighten the Chrietian were adopted: public, especially the church mem- bership at the Home Base as to: 1. That the Federation of Woman '. (a) The far-reaching social changes Boards of Foreign Missions of North due to the impact of modern America commend to the constit· industrialism in the Orient, uencies of the Foreign Mission especially as it ail'ects home life Boards for their ('.areful considera· and the group consciousness of tion the report of the commission on the workers. Foreign Miesions of the Inter· (b) The deplorable conditions, wages denominational Student Conference and hours under which women held at Evanston, Ill., December 29th and children are working. to January 1st, 1926. (c) The need of studying and trans- lating into action -the pronounce- 2. That in view of the interest the ments of our church bodies in youth of our country is taking in relation to these great industrial world problems, the enthusiasm problems. brought to the solution of these problems and the courage with which 2. That we study the way in which the plans are carried out, more young tChristian Church in China has ap' people be placed on Boards and proached the relationship of Chrieti- other agencies of the Church, and be anity and industry. given more definite responsibilities in the local church. 2. That we study the eil'ects of industrial conditions on international Accompanying this forward-look- relationships. ing program was the ever-present business session, for these delegates 4. That mission industries always be were intensely practical. Reports of carried on not for pront, but to serve human needs, to improve living conditions and to develop Chrietian committees included such important life. matters as bringing the Federation up Another new committee was con- to date, the publication of Christian stituted to work on the matter of literature in mission fields, the new mission-operated industries, to be mission study text books, the Womknown as "The Industrial Mission en's Union Colleges in the Orient, Products Committee." conferences and schools of missioM, and the numerous activities of the SARAH S. LYON, Federation.

Exeautive SecretarJI, Foreign D-ivision A unanimous and grateful vote re- of National Board Y. W. C. A.

elected the efficient president and Jnterdenomiaa.tional Student Con- executive secretary, Mrs. E. H. Silver- ferenoe thorn and Miss Ella D. MacLaurin.

A great message of hope came to Next year's conference will have to the Federation from the fair, logical strike a high note indeed, if it is to Christian attitude of our youth as il- equal or exceed that of the meeting lustrated in the Evanston, Ill., Con- just closed.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK HEBREWS ticular, attention should be given to By .TOHN S'rL'ART CoNNING the cultivation of good will toward the From the report at the Committee of the Jewish people. Anti-Semitism should Home Missions Council and Council of Women be rebuked as alien to the spirit of Christ and as unworthy of organizafor Home Missions, Dr. Conning, Ohairman.

During recent years the Jewish tions which stand as exponents of dipress of America has reflected a vine love toward all mankind. It is a troubled state of mind on the part of denial of the Gospel and a well-nigh Jewish leaders in regard to two vital insurmountable obstacle to its tri- matters affecting the life of their peo- umph. pIe. They are disturbed over the The religious condition of the Jews Anti-Semitism which has made its ap- also emphasizes the need and urgency pearance in practically every civilized of providing for them a really conland. They are especially concerned structive and effective Christian minthat this spirit should have manifested istry. Hitherto the Protestant deitself in America which has been for nominations, while recogmzmg a a whole generation a veritable land of special obligation to give the Gospel promise for the oppressed Jews of to the Jews, have not had any well- Eastern Europe. The existence of a defined policy or program which they very active anti-Jewish propaganda has particularly annoyed them. The could follow with assurance. The recent laws restricting immigration work undertaken has been entered and the change of basis for the de. upon hesitatingly and prosecuted nttermination of quotas from the census fully with the result that it has lacked of 1910 to that of 1890 has been in· both permanency and rewarding reo terpreted by them as directed par- suIts. There is one fact of Jewish life in ticularly against Jews. America which necessitates our think- Another matter which has been agi- ing of Christian work for the Jews in terms ot.her than that of a mission tating the Jewish leaders is the rapid in a Ghetto. That fact is this: the spread of irreligion among their peopIe. There are today few observant Ghetto is not characteristic of Jewish Jews. The vast majority are reli. life in the United States. The Jews giously adrift. This abandonment of are everywhere. They are found in the synagogue has been attended with every state and territory. Even in serious moral and spiritual loss. While feverish efforts are being made large cities the vast majority do not to stay the drift, especially along the live in distinctively Jewish communilines of religious education and social ties but in American residential neighfacilities for young people, their suc- borhoods and in proximity to Chriscess is not yet by any means assured. tian churches. This movement of The appeal is racial rather than reo .Tews into the neighborhood of our ligious, and the free atmosphere of churches constitutes a distinct chal. our American life is not conducive to lenge to American Christianity. It is the maintenance of racial distinctions. in itself a test of the most searching This is a time when the Christian kind as to whether the churches of this land are thinking as churches churches of this land should consider should and as to whether they are the Jewish situation seriously and seek ready to respond to an unparalleled to accept the responsibilities and op- opportunity. There is a distinct call portunities which it presents. In par· of God to every church having Jewish 298 neighbors to include them in its min- this it is urged that every church hav- istry. ing Jews in its community include The extent of the opportunity may them in its ministry.

be suggested from the results of a re- cent survey of the Jewish situation in ASIATIO EXOLUSION Philadelphia and in New Jersey by the Board of National Missions of the Declaration by the Executive CommIttee of Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. the Federal Council of the Churches regarding ~ro~ 'i!i:.ti~f ~~~~Sion section of the lmmigra- In Philadelphia there is a Jewish The Asiatic Exclusion section of population of 240,000. There are 88 the Immigration Law of 1924 has Presbyterian churches. Only 13 of created an International situation that causes us grave concern. The .r them were able to say that they had manner of its enactment, the abrupt abrogation of the Gentlemen's Agreepractically no ews near their ment without the conference rechurches. Not one asserted that they quested by Japan, the insistence on a had none. In the case of 15 churches discriminatory law which Asiatics rethe Jewish population varied from 25 sent as humiliating, unjust and unto 80 per cent of the whole. Christian, and the affront to Japan's pre~tige as one of the great and equal In New Jersey the Jewish popula- natIOns of the world, have combined tion in 1918 was estimated, according to wound and grieve a friendly nato the Jewish Year Book at 149,476. tion. At the present time it may be conservatively estimated at 200,000. Not Many expressions of resentment counting foreign language or Negro and of disappointment in the idealcongregations, there are 355 Presby- ism, brotherhood and good will of terian churches in the state. Of these, America have come from India and 187 reported that they had Jews in China, as well as from Japan. While their community. In addition, there Asiatics know and say that nothing were found six communities with a they can do can change the situation population of 500 to 2,000 eighty to or the law, they repeatedly declare ninety per cent Jewish, in which there is no Christian church of any denomi- the.ir trust in the sense of justice nation. which many of them still believe in- heres in the American people and These facts, with variations, repre- their confidence that the American sent the Jewish situation in all the people will ultimately set this matter large cities and in many states. They right. indicate that thousands of churches connected with the various denominations have the opportunity of engag- ing directly in 'work for their Jewish The careful consideration of this neighbors. important and far-reaching problem In an investigation as to the feasi- lea~s us to make the following obserbility and value of this type of ap- vatIons: proach to the Jews, it was learned 1. ~o. Asiatic ~ati?n was or is asking for that there are scores of churches con- the prtVllege of ImmIgration. nected with different denominations which have anywhere from one to 2. It was, and still is possible to assure fifty Jews in their membership. A full protection from all dangers of Asiatic number of churches which have re- labor immigration and at the same time to cently undertaken this work are able give Asiatics complete equality of race to report encouraging results. Ob- treatment. viously we have here at our hand the 3. A fundamental factor in the situation is the recent interpretation of OUr law of naturalization whereby eligibility to citizen· ship has been limited to persons of the possibility of a Christian ministry to whIte race and to persons of African birth the Jews far exceeding in its scope or descent. This law was enacted when and effectiveness anything that has these modern problems were not before the hitherto been attempted. In view of nation. This law debars as unfit for citi- zenship, on the basis of color alone, persons

of aU other races whatever their individual portance of giving these matters character or qualifications. earnest study, to the end that in due time appropriate steps may be taken 4. The immigration law of 1924 provides to reestablish right relations between that on July 1, 1927, a new quota. principle the United States and the peoples of for the regulation of immigration shall come the Orient. into force. If tha.t quota principle were applied to Japanese, Chinese and East In- CHlJRCH BlJILDING dians,. the number of immigrants annually admissible from those countries to the From the report of the Committee of the United States would be I5(}, 100, and 100 H()me Missions Council and Council of Women respectively. for Home Missions, Joseph S. Wise, Chairman.

5. President Coolidge has declared in his During the year 1925 the enormous last message to Congress that "we ought sum of six billions of dollars was exto have no prejudice against an alien be- pended in the United States for the cause he is an alien"; that" the standard erection of new buildings. It was the which we apply to our inhabitants is that greatest building year in our history. of manhood "'; and that" it is fundamental The year 1926 promises to equal, if to our institutions that they seek to guar- not to exceed this record. In view antee to all our inhabitants the right to live of this, it is well to devote some time their own lives under the protection of to the consideration of church buildpublie law," which means "the full right ing. to liberty and equality before the law without distinction of race and creed." Brieks, stone and cement are so in- animate to the many, while to the few, In view of the foregoing facts and only, are these material things enobservations >ye are impelled to record dowed and pUlsating with life in its most animated form. To them, every our convietions: brick and every stone speaks loudly and deeply of the things of God. The 1. That the dictates of humanity and the church building inspires, instructs welfare of the world demand the recogni- and improves mankind. It is not tion by all governments of the brotherhood transitory. It stands for ages, forof man and the inherent right of all nations ever expressing our ideas of God and and races to treatment free from humilia- inspiring multitudes to worshipful tion. reverence. How important it is then that every architectural line or ap- 2. That the United States cannot afford pointment should lend itself in every to over-ride the principle of essential human way to the full development of our equality embedded in the Declaration of spiritual, intellectual, social and physical well being. Independence. 3. That no nation can afford needlessly During the year, as. in the preced- ing ones, many books and pamphlets to flout and wound the feelings of other were published by the Church Buildnations and peoples. ing Boards. In fact, so much litera- ture has been made available within 4. That the maintenance of justice, hu- recent years, as well as offers of servmanity, courtesy and goodwill between the ice and advice by the Boards through peoples of the Far West and the Far East their Architectural Departments and is essential to the permanent peace of the Bureaus, that there should be no ex- Pacific and of the world. cuse for the further ereetion of inade- quate or inelegant buildings. These 5. That we recognize the need of restric- Departments are gradually but surely tion of immigration in order to conserve evolving types of buildings that will American standards of labor and living. ultimately depart from the medieval conception to that of the modern 6. That Asiatics in the United States twentieth century expression of relishould be accorded their rights as human gion in its church architecture. beings, and also their rights to which they are entitled by the letter and the spirit of the treaties under which they came to· the United States.

7. That in the words of former Ambassador Woods, this action of Congress referred to above was an international catastrophe.

S. That we see at present no better solution of the problem than the application to Japan, China and India of the quota law as it comes into force in 1927, which would result in the annual admission of 350 immigrants from these three sBctions of the Orient.

We therefore recommend to all right-thinking and peace-loving citi- zens of the United States the im-

fROM MANY

INDIA, SIAM AND MALAYSIA date went to a C. M. S. lady mission- Progress among Indian Women ary in Calcutta to borrow a Bengali REV. SIMEON CORNELIUS, of Testament. On retUd"Iling the book the Arcot Mission of the Re- the student declared that he had read formed Church in America, who has the whole of it, and had come to the been visiting America, says: "It is conclusion that Jesus was more than encouraging to note the progress our a mere man. He asked for more in- Christian women have made. Ten struction. "

per cent of them, as against one per cent of the Hindu women, are literate, Mus Movement Ne….. Delhi T according to the last census. The per- HE Chamars, a vast group of leather-makers by caste but in fact centage m:ust now be highert We must remember that the Christians chiefly engaged as small land culti- are very poor, and over three fourths vators, are moving en masse from un- of them are of outcaste origin. We der Hinduism and into the Christian have today doctors, college professors, fold throughout the Delhi region of teachers of all grades, preachers and India, according to Bishop John W.

public speakers among women, a Robinson, of the Methodist Episcopal great majority of them being Chris- Church. He reports over 16,000 in- tians. Our municipalities, district quirers, but says: "If some Ameri- and taluq boards, have begun to take can pastor asks why we do not in- in women members, and from our own struct and baptize these inquirers at churches there are four women who once, the answer is that they live in have become members of such perhaps seventy-five dtiIerent vi~ boards. " lages, most of which are miles from the homes of our workers, who have India.n Students and the Bible to cover all these distances by foot; ~~THROUGH the generosity of the and that to instruct men and women British and Foreign Bible So- whose minds have been darkened and dulled by centuries of ignorance and ciety every Freshman in the Ame,rican dense superstition is not, under even most favorable circumstances, the College in Madura, South India, is en- work of a day or a week or a month. titled," says Professor Saunders, "to So it is we shall have to wait a long receive as a gift a beautifully printed time for these groups of inquirers to and bound copy of the New Testa- be received formally mto the Kingment and Psalms. Practically every dom and given in effective measure member of the class wants that book; the enlightment they crave and deand the encouraging thing every year serve from our hands. But the really is, that the non-Christians-Hindu great thing is that we are securing the and Mohammedan alike—are just as entrance we crave among a multieager to get their New Testaments as tudinous class." the Christians. . . .. The English Bible is becoming rather popular among students in India in these days; it is now a compulsory subject Hindu Tribute to Christia.na for all candidates in the preliminary pRESIDING over the All-Hindu and final B.A. examinations of the Mahasabha (Parliament), N. C.

University of Calcutta. One candi- Kalkan, whose epigram about "the 301

British trinity of the Bible, the "Bot- present decision is in consonance with tle and the Bayonet" has been much the policy now laid down by the Durquoted, had this to say of the Indian bar that, in the eye of the law, no in- Christian community: "It must be vidious distinctions are to be perpetusaid to their credit that they are ated between the various sections of showing the least sectarian or propa- Hindus, east or non-caste. gandist spirit, though placed in a peculiar position. For on the one AChrist in a Brahman HODle hand, they are obviously estranged TOUR in South India brought to from the Hindus and the Mohammed- Rev. J. C. Winslow, a S. P. G. ans as Christians, and on the other missionary in Bombay, some remarkhand, they do not share either the able experiences, of one of which he power, the prestige or the political writes: "I stayed with a delightful privileges of the Europeans in the Brahman family in Bellary. I had country. To be stronger in a numeri- not known them before; but a Hindu cal sense would be their natural aspi- swami, with whom I had struck up a ration and yet, I think, they offend very friendly acquaintance a month the least against the other communi- previously, was staying in their house ties by seeking to make converts there- and on his introduction they invited from. Also they might have asked for me t~re. After a meal together we special representation or communal repaired to the part of the house electorates, taking benefit of the pre- where they have prayers, and I found vailing communal mad.ness. But they that they had no idol there, but only a have not done this, and their spokes- number of pictures of Indian saints men always give the first place in with a picture of Christ Himself their hearts to a purely national sen- above them all. We had some Indian timent, trusting absolutely to their hymns, and then they asked me to own sterling work, if any, to secure speak to them all; and in the evening to them the coveted place in the again I spoke to them, and told them Sun." of the Cross; and we conversed into the night, they speaking freely about Caste Reform in Travancore Christ as 'the Lord. ' Only those who know India can realize how impos- THE native state of Travancore, sible it would have been ten years South India, has taken action to ago. " abolish the social restrictions imposed on the depressed classes of Hindu- Indians Read the Gospels ism, and has made a beginning by asserting their right to enter temples, THAT the gospels "are the mostand to use public highways and read books in India today" is the waterways formerly forbidden to opinion of a missionary of the Society them by the laws of caste. Two prom- for the Propagation of the Gospel, inent non-caste Hindus, whose ap- who, in order to support his stateproach to temples is forbidden by ment, tells the following incidents: custom, were charged by the Govern- " A few months ago there came to my ment with having trespassed into the house in a dusty village in North Intemple premises and thereby polluted dia, a Hindu holy man, who produced the deity. Both the accused were, a thumb-marked New Testament in after a protracted inquiry, during Hindi and with sparkling eyes spoke which a number of priests and temple of Jesus, the man who wandered authorities cited chapter and verse in about as he did. 'But,' he said, 'He support of distance pollution, com- went about as a friend, doing good, mitted to the sessions to take their and not as I, who go from shrine to trial, where the judge acquitted them. shrine trying to find God for myself The Travancore Durbar launched this alone. ' On another occasion I was prosecution as a test suit, and the waiting at midnight on the platform

1926J NEWS FROM: MANY LANDS

of a wayside station when a burly preaching on his own part and read- farmer came up and saluted in mili- iness to give from his income for tary style. He said that when in the Christian work make him a pillar in army in Mesopotamia somebody had our work."

given him a copy of the Gospel of St.

Matthew. He produced it, and the CHINA state of the book showed that it had American Missionaries Besieged been read and not been merely carried in the pocket. Said he, 'The hero AGROUP of missionaries in Sinwas a great and good man, such a one yang, Hunan Province, repreas I have never read of before, and senting the Norwegian Lutheran Mis- He has made your nation great. We sion of America, were in great peril, need Him too.' On the hot evenings according to a cablegram received on just before dark, if one goes across February 18th by Secretary of State any of the large pa.rks in the out- Kellogg from the Americ~n Minister skirts of Delhi, one is iikely to meet in Peking. It stated that they were with men reclining on the grass, read- under fire and that Rev. Nils D. Nel- ing the New Testament." son had been killed by a stray bullet.

Mr. and Mrs. Nelson went out to University Religious Lect1U'eship China in 1890 and the latter was THE Senate of the University of among the thirty-one Americans thus Calcutta will proceed in the month besieged. This number included, beof July, 1926, to appoint the Sta- side three Roman Catholics, the folphanos Ghosh Lecturer to deliver a lowing members of the Norwegian course of lectures on Comparative Re- Lutheran Mission: Rev. and Mrs. ligion at the University. The lecture- John Ely, Rev. C. C. Skinsnes, M.D., ship was founded with the object that and wife, Rev. and Mrs. Edward the lecturer should endeavor to show Sovik, Rev. Olaf Asper, Rev. O. Helthat the highest ideal for man lies in lestad, and Misses O. T. Christensen, love and service to his fellow men ac- Mina Hjeldness and Hilda Petterson. cording to the essence of the teaching The cablegram stated: "The siege and life of Christ and that that life will probably continue until the lived under the guidance of this ideal troops within the walls have been constitutes the highest advancement starved out."

of human personality, the acceptance of a particular creed or dogma being Prohibits Anti-Christian Campaign of subordinate importance. The course AN ASSOCIATED Press dispatch of lectures is required to be delivered .tl from Peking (Feb. 28) states that in English and is expected to consist of eight lectures which should be de- one of the recent acts of the Chinese livered not more than twice a week. Cabinet has been the drafting of a mandate dealing with anti-Christian A Burmese Mill Owner activity on the part of certain ele- ments of the population, and ordering THE first convert in the Baptist the civil and military authorities to mission station at Pyirimana, suppress it. The mandate says in Burma, was also the first teacher of part: the station schools. He now owns two saw mills and is one of the most pros- The lWman Catholic and other Chris· perous business men of the town. He tian religions have been allowed in this is also a very enthusiastic evangelistic country in accordance with treaties be· tween China and foreign countries, under worker. Rev. B. C. Case says: "He which they must be duIy protected. After is taking the Lord into partnership in the establishment of the republic freedom his business, to win Christian con- in religious beliefs was specially given. verts through it. Annual evangelistic campaigns at his mills, personal There are reports, however, of anti· Christian propaganda by associations or- ganized for that purpose in various parts

't'ltE M1SS10NARY ltEYIE'W OF THE WORLD

of the country. These are detrimental to living and sharing with his soldiers. the spirit of toleration hitherto existing in China and they must be suppressed. So do the younger officials, squander- ing the nation's resources for per- OAinese General BU7S Biblett sonal gain, whom his intense patriot- ism rebukes." ONE of the largest orders for Chi- nese Bibles and Testaments ever For Manchurian Independence received by the China agency of the American Bible Society was placed … CCORDING to news received in in Shanghai when General Chang f t Moscow and reported in the New Tze-kiang, one of General Feng's York Tinnes, a conference of delegates leading officers, recently purchased from the three Manchurian provinces from the Society's China a~ency assembled in Mukden. on Feb. 16th, eight thousand copies of the ChrIstian on the initiative of Chang Tso-lin, to Scriptures for distribution among the work out a new Manchurian Constiofficers in his army. These Bibles and tution.

Testaments are to be furnished in full The conference considered it unleather and half leather gilt binding, necessary formally to secede from and are to contain at the request of the other portions of the Chinese Re- General Chang a personally inscribed public, but agreed that Manchuria presentati()n statement written by the must continue to be quite autonomous General himself. The cost of the or- until Peking has a strong govern- ment and a properly elected Presider will be about $3,000 gold. dent. The three Manchurian prov- Oritic. of Ma.rshal Feng inces should be united under one REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT, D.D., Manchurian government on a federa- Presbyterian missionary in Tsin- tive basis, with extensive provincial anfu, Shantung Province, and con- self-government, they decided, declart,ributor to the REVIEW, is quoted in ing that Chang Tso-lin should remain the Alliance Weekly as saying: ' ,In at the head of the Manchurian Govthese days in China it is popular to ernment.

'cuss out' General Feng. Unregenerate editors, foreign as well as Chi- Medical Oollege for Women T nese, love to do it. So do envious HE Margaret Williamson Hospital in Shanghai for women and chilgenerals, his rivals. His achievements with his troops, and their personal af- dren, established forty-two years ago fection for and personal loyalty to by the Woman's Union Missionary him-all beyond the realm of their Society, is being conducted now by a self-seeking, sinister attainment- board made up of representatives of make them impotently gnash their the women's boards of the Reformed teeth. So do all who are playing to Church in America, the Southern the anti-foreign spirit, in its 'anti- Methodists and the Northern Bap- American religion' form. So do the tists, in addition to the original so- Manchu princes, who for three cen- ciety. About one thousand babies are turies have been an incubus pressing born in this hospital every year. A the Chinese people, living in luxury medical school for Chinese women has and vicious idleness off their toil and been established, which has already poverty, and whose revenues Feng become an A grade medical college.

has recently cut down. So do the Au .Already the new administration Fu Party, the clique which now is building, with its laboratories and 'the Peking Government,' and which class rooms and a home for seventy is absolutely pro-Japan and its crea- Chinese nurses have been built, land ture. So do the old Mandarin class and a residence for the American who fatten on the disasters of the nurses have been furnished. In the country and who dislike his 'plain nurses' school a Chinese girl may

NEW'S FROM MANY LANDS

enter after passing the required ex- JAPAN-KOREA amination and receive a three years' training as a nurse. When she com- Buddhist Missionary Plans pletes her work in the training school, she is qualified to belong to the BUDDHIST imitation of Christian Nurses' Association of China and in methods along various lines has turn to the International Nurses' As- frequently been referred to in the sociation. The Board has part of the REVIEW. "The Eastern Asia Bud- funds for the children's hospital and dhist Convention," however, held in student dormitory but still lacks Tokyo, Japan, in November, passed money for the maternity hospital, resolutions which carry this imitation surgical and medical wards, equip- farther than it has gone before. One, ment and maintenance. Two hun- for instance, recommended the obdred thousand dollars will be needed servance of the birthday of Buddha for these buildings and equipment "as Christians observe Christmas." with heating and lighting plants. Another urged closer cooperation of all Buddhists throughout the world A WODlen'" Evangelistic Band in order to propagate the true spirit of Gautama Buddha, by which, it was FROM Yungkang, Chekian~ Proy- claimed, the whole world may enjoy ince, A. .H. Barnum wrItes In a serene and solemn state of mind as in Nirvana. F'or .the purpose of at- China's Millions: "Some of our out- taining such an aim, the publication station women came forward with of Buddhist books, magazines and proposals for more definite evangel- pamphlets in several Occidental lanistic work, which we were glad to fur- guages was advocated. The despatchther to the utmost of our power. ing of missionary workers to all parts Their greatest effort was made last of the world was another item of the autumn. First, these earnest women resolution. One measure urged in came to Yungkang and spent two or the discussion of Buddhist educational three days visiting homes in the city, propaganda was the establishment of speaking, preaching, and singing the Buddhist primary schools in Great Gospel, and disposing of gospel por- Britain. tions and tracts. They then had 'I week among the adjacent villages, Factory W Olnen in Japan visiting four or five during the course of a day, sometimes meeting with JAPAN is the only country in the much encouragement, and at other world which has more women than places with hard words. Going out men in textile mills. This state of afearly in the morning, it was generally fairs, like the child labor conditions near sunset when they returned, described in the August REVIEW, retired, but full of joy. Later they had sults from the sudden attempt by Jatheir supper, and afterward we met pan to adopt Western industrialism. for a short time around the Word and Mrs. Margaret Wells Wood, a Y. W. for prayer, and so closed the day. C. A. industrial secretairY, who has Leaving Yungkang they spent a spent two years investigating the somewhat similar ten days around problems of women workers, says that Tangsi and Shansi. This work is one of the worst features of the facpurely voluntary except that they tory life is the dormitory system, by keep the cash for gospel sales, which which the day and night shifts occupy is very small, and I supply the simple the same quarters under sanitary contracts for free distribution. I wish ditions almost unspeakable. The that our men could see their way to average day is between eleven and form a somewhat similar voluntary twelve hours. If the factory is un- €vangfllistic band." usually busy, the hours may be in, creased to fourteen and sixteen, and S that for twenty-nine days a month. Two rest days a month are allowed;

but these may be taken away during the foot of Mt. Fuji last October, the rush season. The average daily about one hundred girls and women wage of women workers in factories met to discuss the policies and plans is forty-nine sen (twenty-four cents) of the Association. The purpose was while that of the men is just double. declared to be (1) to reproduce the Another difficulty in the industrial life and ideals of Jesus Christ in work of Japanese women is their sub· Japan in individuals and in groups; missive natures. They have never ob- (2) to help make friendly and right jected to conditions in their lives all international relations. whether at home, in school or abroad, and so accept them in the industrial The high type of cultured Chrisworld. tian womanhood seen at the conven- tion was a clear evidence of the ef- The W. C. T. U. in Japan fectiveness of Christian missions in Japan. The delegates were strong AT THE thirty-fourth annual meet- women with intelligence, character, purpose and power. Among the 1"1. ing of the "Kyofukai," as the speakers were Miss Michi Kawai, a descendant of forty generations of W. C. T. U. is called in Japan, a re- Shinto priests, a graduate of Bryn port was presented on the campaign Mawr and now leader of the Japanese to send temperance literature to all Y. W. C. A.; Mrs. Hana Ibuka, a of the 25,000 primary schools in J a- graduate of Mt. Holyoke and chairpan, supplies already having been man of the National Committee of the sent to nearly half the number. The Y. W. C. A.; Mrs. Matsu Tsugi, a discussion brought out the fact that graduate of Wellesley and, for some because of drinking habits them· years, principal of Miss Tsuda '8 selves or ignorance of the scientific School in Tokyo; Mrs. Mei, delegate facts about alcohol, or both, many of from the Chinese Association and a the teachers in the primary schools graduate of Columbia University; were incapable of giving scientific and Miss Kim, a delegate from the temperance instruction. This condi- Korean Association. tion, combined with indifference on the part of many officials, resulted in Union Campaign in Seoul lax enforcement of the juvenile Prohibition Law. Resolutions were THIRTY-FOUR churches of all depassed (1) urging members of the nominations combined in a recent Kyofukai to visit the schools in their evangelistic campaign in the city of districts and instruct the teachers, Seoul. Its :first chapter was a week (2) petitioning the Government to of meetings for Christians, conducted limit the amount of soJce produced, by a deeply spiritual Korean pastor. (3) petitioning the Minister of Home This was followed by two weeks of Affairs to enforce the Juvenile Law, evangelistic preaching in the different (4) asking the national headquarters churches and house-to-house personal to send lecturers to the schools, and work throughout the city. Some forty (5) petitioning the Educational De- prominent laymen and pastors were partment to put scientific teaching on selected to bring present-day mesalcohol and tobacco into the readers sages of the power of Jesus Christ to in the primary school. change the lives of all those who will trust Him. These men spoke each :.rapaneae Women'a Conference night during the first week in fifteen churches throughout the city. Each THE progress made in Japan to- speaker had the same subject in all ward Christian ideals, education the churches. For the second week, and freedom of expression has, per· this plan was duplicated in nineteen haps, been exhibited nowhere more others. Members from the thirty-four forcibly than in the First National churches spent each morning in visit- Convention of the Japanese Young Women's Christian Association. At

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ing the homes in their respective neighbors. In order to reach them neighborhoods, telling the story of with the Book of books, the Society Christ to those who knew Him not, employs its own colporteurs, and supand 559 new members have been se- plies the Scriptures to other Chriscured. The Christian workers in tian organizations who send out col- Seoul have formed a permanent or- porteurs equipped with caravans, ganization which will keep alive the horse-drawn and motor-driven, acideals that prompted this series of cording to the class of the country evangelistic appeals. which they must traverse. These col- porteurs are ardent Christian work- Fruits of Korean EvangeUs:m ers. The navvies' camp, the mining field, the shearing shed, the solitary THE evangelistic fervor of Korean boundary rider, road-mender or Christians is demonstrated in the swagman-the colporteurs visit them following repo.rt from Rev. Floyd E. alL Whether they must work alone, Hamilton, of Pyengyang in the Pres- Or can associate with an occasional byterian Magazine: "The mission- kindred spirit, their ministry with aries are not the only ones who preach the spoken or written Word counts the Gospel; their efforts in evangel- for a great deal." ism are very small indeed when compared to the well-organized cam- Indentured Labor in Fiji paigns of the Koreans themselves; but because the Gospel has been A FIJIAN vernacular paper, Na preached, first by the missionaries and Viti, publishes a Christian nathen by the converts, within the past tive's statement that many Fijians twenty-five years in the city of Pyeng- are now being "signed on" for work yang •alone, fifteen Presbyterian on sugar plantations and in sugar churches have been organized; most mills. The writer says: of them entirely self-supporting, many of them with well-paid pastors, Last year, 1924, we had been protected by and with congregations numbering Our benevolent Empire of Great Britain for far above 500. Go out of the city fifty years. It is about ninety years or within a radius of twenty-five miles more since the Christian religion came to and you will find another group of Fij i. By these two things, the Christian Presbyterian churches numbering 120 religion and the Government, we, the na· in which the Gospel is faithfully tives, have been taught and led upwards, so preached every Sunday and at the that we may attain to an enlightened order midweek meeting. Go farther out of things such as some other lands have still in other territory under the over- reached. It appears that in these days we sight of this station, and scattered are still progressing, and we are about to Over the fertile plain, or hidden in attain to an enlightened order of things. the deep recesses of the rugged moun- We are surprised then, that some of the natains, you will find over 600 churches tives go in large numbers, and submissively, and groups." as indentured labour to various places of employment in Fiji for the smal sum of £20 or £24 a year. When I saw this, I was in· wardly pained, and said to myself, "Alas I It appears that the natives of Fiji are going back to where they used to be before."

ISLANDS OF THE SEA Filipino Y. W. C. A. Pioneer The Bible in the Bush MISS SOLITA GARDUNO jour- neyed from Cavite, Philippine MAJOR c. M. RIXON, of the Sal- Islands to New York City that she vation Army, pays high tribute might take the training to fit her for to the work of the British and For- a secretaryship of the Young Womeign Bible Society among the widely en's Christian Association in Manila. scattered settlers in Australia. He There is no Association in the Philsays in part: "They are not only re- ippines, but Miss Garduno is so conmote from cities and towns, but are vinced of the need of one that she also far removed from their nearest

underwent the hardships and the to 1,118 city, town, rural and student perils of a long journey all alone (an Associations, of which 996 are affiliundertaking for a girl who was never ated. There are 922 branches and out of her own dooryard alone after centers in addition, and 800 regisdark) to carry this message of need tered Girl Reserve clubs. But the to all who may be interested, and to missionary aspect of the work which prepare herself for the work when it is stressed in the call for the Convenis begun. In speaking of the Fili- tion is the fact that the Association pino woman Miss Garduno says; is seeking to help the women and girls of forty-eight foreign countries in- She must have au all-round development; terested in the same pursuits of study she is thinking of a career and wants to and recreation, the same search for stand on her own feet. I know that she will ways of serving others, and the same find her problems solved, and her path made ideals for everyday living. clear, through the friendship and understanding the big sister, the Y. W. C. A., Ohio Wesleyan Missionaries gives to her. That is why I came to the United States-because I know the need of OHIO Wesleyan University, in Delthe girls of my country, and want to help aware, Ohio, has the distinction them. of having given 337 missionaries to the foreign field, of whom 133 have Abuses in New Hebrides been men and 204 women. China has claimed 103 of them; India and CONDITIONS in the New Hebrides Burma have been served by 79; South under the so-called "Condomin- America was serv~d by 34; Africa ium Government," which was de- by 18; Egypt by 1; Europe by 6; scribed in the March, 1925, REVIEW, Java, Malaysia and the Phil.lppines continue to be very serious. The min- by 21; Japan by 30; Korea by 25; utes of the Presbyterian Mission the Near East by 4; Cuba, Mexico Synod call attention to some of these and the Canal Zone by 16. Since as follows: "There is still no IJand Rev. Nathan Sites, of the class of Court, and at present no Joint Court; 1859, arrived in Floochow, China, Septhere have been many cases of grog tember 19, 1861, the college has been sellm,g, notably in Malekula, Ambrim, continuously represented on the mis- Pliaroa.; Epi and Emae, and even in sion field. Vila itself; there have been instances of the irregular recruitment of wom- Atheist Gronp Incorpora.ted en, of high-handed ill-treatment of natives, even to the grabbing of their THE American Association for the cotton, their coconuts, their land, and Advancement of Atheism, after to the burning of a village. The na- failing once, has at length succeeded tives are forbearing and long-suffer- in obtaining a certificate of incorporaing, and do not retaliate, but the fail- tion in New York. The papers reure of the Government to redress ceived the approval of Supreme Court their wrongs is having a disturbing Justice John Ford. Some time beand disheartening effect upon the peo- fore, Justice William H. Mitchell reple. . . . The Synod respectfully fused to incorporate the organization urges the authorities to continue to and ordered the papers impounded press for the redress of these evils." by the County Clerk and not re- turned. After declaring the purpose NORTH AMERICA of the incorporation was to destroy belief in God and attack the Church, Y. W. C. A. Convention the original application for a charter stated that "in prosecuting its work, THE biennal National Convention which shall be purely destructive, the of the Young Women's Christian society shall hold public meetings and Associations of the United States of erect radio stations for the delivery America Will be held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, April 21st-27th. There are' 556,000 members of the Association in the United States,' who belong

1926J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

and broadcasting of lectures, debates time to time in the REVIEW. Now a and discussions on the subjects of similar instance is reported from science and religion, publish and dis- Pennsylvania. After an extensive tribute scientific and anti-religious survey of race relations and condiliterature, and conduct a general tions in about ninety communities propaganda against the Church and made for the Department of Public clergy. " The purpose of the associa- Welfare, the Department has taken tion, as now set forth in the certifi- a competent colored woman on its cate, is to "advance atheism." The staff and interracial programs are be- Literary Digest, which gives these ing developed by means of correfacts, quotes a Pittsburgh paper as spondence, public meetings, organizasaying: "The wonder is, that any tion of local interracial committees, group of men could be so fatuous as questionnaires and co nf ere n c e s. to try to take away one of the main Thirty-two interracial meetings covblessings and consolations of virtually ering several sections of the state have an entire nation without offering been arranged and conducted. Interanything as a substitute." racial committees have been set up in Wilkes-Barre, Lancaster, West Ches- Rewards for Negro Achievement ter and elsewhere, which report defi- nite results achieved. The question- THE Har.mon Foundation, whose naires have covered information on interest in the production of re- vital statistics, industry, leisure-time ligious moving pictures was referred activities, education, religious life, to in the December REVIEW, has pro- health, agriculture, race relationships, vided for seven annual awards of etc. The conferences have brought $400 each to Negroes who have won together white and Neg,ro leaders of distinction in literature, music, fine civic, social and religious organizaarts, industry including busine,ss, tio,ns and encouraging results along science including invention, educa- many lines have been secured. tion and religion, and an eighth to the person, white or colored, "who How Monnonism Gains Convert.. has made the greatest contribution toward improving the relations be- THE Utah Gospel Mission makes tween white and Negro peoples in the s e challenging statements: America. " There is also a gold metal "Nineteen hundred ,Vestern Mormon for the first award in each of the emissaries are out spreading this sysseven divisions, and a second award tem; 1,100 working in United States, of one hundred dollars and a bronze and more called fo,r, to 'proselyte' medal; the eighth award will carry from our churches to the evil system. with it five hundred dollars in money Every man expects to go, and many and a gold medal. This announce- girls, finding their own expenses; so ment comes from Dr. George E. the system grows, and from us. Haynes, secretary of tlie Commission About 300 J osephite missio,naries are on Race Relations of the Federal at work, also,·. Thus and by births Council of Churches, to which has Mo,rmonism doubles every twenty-five been committed the executive direc- years. Both kinds (Utah and Josephtion of the awards. There will be ite) make about ten thousand confive judges for each award, three of verts a year, nearly all from former whom will be recognized as outstand- members of Christian churches-just ing in their particular fields. At because we have not kept our memleast one will be a Negro. bers informed."

Interraeial Work in the North The Continent calls for zeal on the part of Presbyterians to, match that THE achievements of the interracial desc.ribed in the following announce- ment: . committees in various states in the South have been referred to from

During the October semi-annual confer· of study, facilities for research work, ence of the Mormon Church held in Salt expense, living conditions, etc., to Lake City a call was sounded by President students in America or coming from Heber .T. Grant for 1,000 volunteers to go Japan by carefully conducted correon a mission for the Mormon Church for spondence or through personal intersix months, entirely at their own expense. views. It aids graduates of colleges Almost as soon as the call was given men and universities in Japan by correlatand women throughout the Mormon area ing Japanese and American institubegan to volunteer. At the lowest possible tions and negotiating for entrance. estimate the mission will cost each of the The Association further helps them, missionaries $1,000 in cola hard cash be- through its nation-wide connections, side the six months' absence on the mission by introducing them to the local J apfield. anese group and American friends. Monthly throughout the academic Our Spanish-Speaking People year it publishes The J a.pa.neS'e Stu- dent BUlletin, and annually the « Di- ACONGRESS on Mexican and rectory of Japanese Students in Spanish-speaking interests in the America." A series of interesting United States is to be held in El pamphlets has been announced for Paso, Texas, in December. 'It grows this year. out of the agitation of many workers who are in close contact with the Canadian Presbyterians Stlll Spanish-speaking people in this country and has also been urged by the T HAT section of the Presbyterian Committee on Cooperation in Latin Church in Canada which last year America. Charles E. Vermilya, sec- refused to enter the union of Presbyretary of the Home Missions Coun- terians, Methodists and Congregacil, is to set up the Congress. Vari- tionalists of the Dominion now has an ous home mission boards are cooperat- estimated membership of 150,000. ing. The aim is to go into the whole This estimate is contained in a statequestion of conditions, opportunities ment made to the religious press by and privileges of these people in Thomas McMillin, chairman of the America, in order that the 'various re- board of administration of "The ligious bodies may provide more in- Presbyterian Church in Canada. " telligently for the service they seek Today this organization, according to to render and also that a better un- Mr. McMillin, comprises eight synods derstanding of the public's responsi- and forty-two presbyteries, represenbility may be had. To this end many tative of every province in the domincivic and industrial organizations ion, and has nearly 1,000 congregaand workers are to be included in the tions. The 980 congregations include Congress. Five commissions are to 793 which voted, prior to June 10, make the preliminary stuay under the 1925, not to enter the United Church heads of Education, Religious, So- of Canada and 183 which have been cial and Economic Conditions, Inter- organized from minority groups in national and Interracial Aspects, and congregations voting for union. The Literature. woman's missionary society of the denomination has six provincial so- Japanese Christian Students cieties, thirty-five presbyterial organ- izations and 1,100 branches. Train- THE Japanese Student Christian ing of the ministry continues at Knox Association, which was an out- College, Toronto, which under the growth of the Student" Volunteer terms of the union continues in pos- Convention in Indianapolis, and some session and under control of the of whose activities were described in Presbyterian Church in Canada (nonthe REVIEW in January and June, concurring) .-The Continent. 1925, is rendering practical service along many lines. It gives information and counsel concerning institutions, entrance requirements, courses

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

"Radiant Light Home" Colon, but says of St. Paul's, a con- THE dedication of Ming Quong gregation of English-speaking Ne- Home for Chinese girls at Oakland groes in Panama City: brough together many Chinese and St. Paul '8 in Panama is away ahead of Americans. Ming Quong Home (ra- them all. Just before Christmas I condiant light), with its new building, is firmed their third class in a year, making a new incarnation of an old work, a hnndred and six candidates, the largest number on record in the district. There Tooker Home, opened by the Presby- are over six hundred in the church schoo! terian Board of Foreign Missions but and about two hundred in the grammar turned over within the last few years school.

to the Board of National Missions. Last year seventy-six Chinese girls phildren'. Week in Merleo T ranging from babyhood to their teens HE Aztecas Social Settlement, carried on by Methodist Episcofound in it a home. At the dedication exercises Miss Julia Morgan, the pal missionaries, ministers to the most architect, presented the building. thickly populated section of Mexico Miss Edna Voss, secretary of the di- City. Ninety thousand are crowded vision of schools and hospitals, ac- into these notorious slums. Its direc- cepted it in behalf of the Board of tor established the first Children's National Missions. A historical Week in Mexico. It is now a great sketch of the work was given by Miss annual event in the churches. Even Donaldina Cameron, known up and the Government has taken kindly to down the Pacific Coast for her work the movement, ordering official post- in rescuing Chinese girls. The dedi- ers picturing a beautiful babe crawl- catory address was made by Rev. Ng ing toward a coffin, with the following Poon Chew, Chinese lecturer and edi- words in flaming crimson: "The tor of national reputation. Mr. Chew death rate of our children is five was himself educated in a Presbyter- times that of New York. The reason ian mission school and married a for- is that Mexican parents do not know mer interpreter at the Tooker Home. how to feed their babes. The De- partment of Public Health is at your LATIN AMERICA service. " The Aztecas Social Settle- Churches in the Canal Zone ment provides lectures by doctors and nurses, clothing demonstrations, "bet- ON SUNDAY, January 24th, the ter babies" contests, and literature. new Union Church at Balboa was dedicated. The church was erected by gifts from many denominations Specialists for South America T under the auspices of the Federal HREE special church leaders of wide experience in various fields Council's Committee on Religious Work on the Canal Zone, but $15,000 of religious and social activity in the is still needed to complete payment United States are to be sent this year on the edifice. A union church at to South America under the auspices.

Cristobal has already been built and of the Committee on Cooperation in paid for. At the dedication service Latin America, to assist South Amer- Rev. David G. Wylie, L.L.D., said: ican evangelical churches in further- "With eighteen Christian commun- ing movements now taking place in ions representea in its membership, the twelve republics of that continent.

and all working in complete har- One will be a specialist in public mony, the Union Church on the Canal health, sanitation and in social serv- Zone is a fine example of Christian ice; the second will be especially unity and union." trained to advise churches and schools The Protestant Episcopal Bishop, in planning their curriculum of relig- Right Rev. J. C. Morris, D.D., writes ious education; the third will be an of the vitality of Christ Church in especially qualified evangelist. to as-

sist the national churches in directing Especial emphasis was placed on a continent-wide evangelistic cam- leadership training, and an outline of paign. The request from South a three years' course was recom- American Protestants for this help-is mended for use in all churches.

one of the significant results of the Great interest was aroused by a splen- Montevideo Conference. The Com- did presentation of the Daily Vaca- mittee is asking the Methodist tion Bible School Movement and in Churches North and South and the view of the enlarging sphere of ac- Presbyterian Church North each to tivity of the Sunday-school Union, furnish one of these workers.-The the by-laws of the organization were Continent. amended so that now one of the aims of the Union is to "promote the in- An Experience in Chile terests of religious education in gen· ~~IN CHILE there are many schools .eral" and a new section was added where the Lord's Prayer is no officially constituting a "Council of longer heard. One night I found my- Religious Education."

self without lodging in a southern 'city and a North American teacher EUROPE took me to her home, a North Ameri- A New "C&.n1bridge Seven"

can schooL The following day, after BISHOP CASSELS is of the first breakfast, which was blessed with one of the "Cambridge Seven," beautiful words revealing inward who went out to China forty years faith, I was invited to common prayer ago, to pass away. He died in Engwith the pupils. The Bible was given land in November. At Cambridge me to select the reading for the day. University the "Seven" idea has re- I chose a psalm of David, the common cently taken on a new lease of life. expression of our faith. I read it, A group of six men and a woman followed by the students, with an student, fiancee of one of fhe men, emotion I have seldom experienced. ·There was the joy of being in a have pledged themselves for work in school wl1ere it is possible to study Nigeria and another group is planevery day the Holy Book, where athe- ning a united work at an Indian setistic effrontery was not able to cast tlement. The missionary spirit in out the Author of Grace, who is su- Cambridge is so alive that the nine perior to all knowledge. ' '-GABRILLA university associations interested in MISTRAL, a Roman Catholic mystic- missions, High Church, Evangelical a crusader for human rights. and Free Church alike, have cooper- ated in a united campaign to stimu- ABradUan S. S. Convention late interest in work overseas. The campaign opened with a wide distri- T THE sixth ntLtional convention bution of a leaflet entitled "On Prej- of the Brazil Sunday·school udice," in which it is stated that "the Union held in Sao Paulo, six states trouble is that an average missionary 'and eight denominations were repre- sermon starts off most people with a sented by 157 delegates. This was a prejudice (but), we feel that a little large number, considering that there more deliberate thought might well ,are only 80,000 Sunday-school.,pupils be used by those who are at Cam- in a population of 32,000,000. All bridge with regard to the motives of the important phases of administra- that body of men and women who tive, promotional and departmental have gone and got eaten by savages .activities came up for discussion, re- or acquired chronic malaria in an at- sulting in a long list of recommenda- tempt to do things which to many .tions which the. Convention adopted .people seem futile." Public meetings 'and passed on to the church and Sun- were held in Guildhall, at which the day-school' workers .of the country. Bishop of Salisbury and. Dr. Harold

NEW'S FROM MANY LANDS

Balme, President of Shantung Chris- Unions; or the medical visits paid by tian University, were speakers. our visiting nurses; and this thing Round table talks were also held with which is so encouraging is that very missionaries now at home on fur- often one can note facts which prove 10ugh. Already there are some two that the spirit of helpfulness and hundred future missionaries in the brotherhood and thus the Christian various Cambridge colleges. The re- spirit is seen developing among the cent campaign is likely materially to adults and children. These signs are increase that total. manifest in the visits made by our young girls to the forlorn in hospitals; Gambling Evil in Scotland a Christmas tree prepared for the ASTATEMENT in a London paper poorest children in a neighborhood by that Glasgow alone spends £10,- a troop of girl guides at their own ex- (lOO,OOO in betting is quoted by the pense; or the children of a Sunday- Record of the United Free Church of school who deny themselves dainties Scotland. The editor says: "It follows that if the people of Glasgow- to send money to foreign missions or and other great cities–could be in- a young people's union that adopts a duced to spend on better housing, re- pupil in Madagascar. I pass over lief of the "necessitous, care of the sick poor, and so forth what they much to conclude that with the dethrowaway on gambling, the squalor, velopment of the spirit of prayer and misery, and general social distress of that of sacrifice appears the surest inwhich we hear so much could be trans- dication that God is at work and that La Mission Populaire continues to be a means of grace in His hands."

formed into a splendid balance on fhe other side. Gambling, even more than Proteotantisln in Italy T drink, is playing moral havoc with HOSE who think of Italians as all being Romanists are reminded by the people of this country. For one home that is pinched and starving L'Era Nuova of the various denomi- through the drinking habits of its nations to be found in Italy, Ameri- head, there must be at least ten thus can and English Methodists, Baptists, affected by his or her gambling. And women and children are infected and Episcopalians, Salvation Army, Peninfatuated by the vice to a far greater tecostals, Seventh Day Adventists, extent than they are by drink. It is and the native Waldensian church, a curse which honeycombs and de- "Chiesa Valdese." This denominamoralizes society from top to bot- tion towers above all the others, and tom." commands the respect of all people in Italy because of its historical back- "Results of MeAll Mission g,round of fearlessness and loyalty, spiritual aristocracy and social de- PRESIDING at the annual meet- mocracy, with which through the ing of the McAll Mission held in centuries, in adversity and presper- Paris, Director Guex said: " One ity, it has held the light of the thing has struck me in reading the re- Gospel. What most impresses the ports, a thing which to some might ap- visitor in Italy is the oneness in pur- pear less important than the fifty-one pose of all the denominations as they converts added in three years to the work together. They know one thing: '8t. Quentin church, and the election the preaching of the Gospel in its as presbyterial counsellor in that purity. All denominations work for {lhurch of a man who, four years ago, one and the same end, the evangeliza- was entirely ignorant of the Gospel; tion of the Italian people. They or even the development of organi- have adopted one hymnal, and have zations of scouts, guides, etc., which one school of theology with professors :are the nurseries for our Christian from all the denominations.

Russia'. Wild Waif. and India,' and told them of Turkey's ACOMMITTEE of inquiry has es- wholesale acceptance of outward timated that the number of home- Western civilization and her indifferless children in Soviet Russja ap- ence to its inward message; while proaches the appalling figure of 300,- India bitterly rejected the outward DOD, exclusive of those in Ukraine, civilization but was accepting the in- White Russia, and the Caucasus. A. ward message of the west-Christ." report issued by the Health Commissar groups the waifs in three cate- On the fourth and last night his message was The Cross. He reports: gories: ' When the invitation to make Christ Lord and Savionr was given at the close, several The first comprises morally defective hundred Copts an(l Moslems responded and children, "of whom unfortunately we have stayed for the after meeting, and two hun· considerably more than is generally sup· dred signed up for the Bible classes, so what will ultimately happen will depend on posed. " These, he says, can only be looked the work done there. after in colonies. The second category con· sists of children still normal, bnt "merely lacking family life and caresses.'" These are to be placed in Soviet homes, or adopted. King Kltama'. Succeuora But the majority of the waifs belong to the WHEN Khama, the Christian king third category, which consists of children on of Bechuanaland, died in 1923, the brink of the abyss into which those of after a long and wise reign, many the first c'tegory have fallen. It is most difficult to deal with these children, and al· doubts were felt as to what direction thongh the authorities have had much ex· would thereafter be taken by his peoperience, it is, he says, mostly experience ple, the Bamangwato. The personal of failure, rather than success. influence of Khama had been incal- Walter Duranty, of the New York culable in its steadying effect, while T'j,mes, writes of these children in he had also sufficient strength of Moscow: character to maintain the integrity Some day when the canons of political of his kingdom against external ag- practicability have given way to a demand gression. His son and successor, for stark trnth there will be written the Sekgoma, a man of altogether differepic of Moscow's homeless children-high. ent mental and moral caliber, died waymen, murderers and dope fiends almost some two months ago. The future before their bones have hardened. Now one can only give scant glimpses of their curious course of events is now even more unlives and obscure deaths. certain, for a Regency has been estab- AFRICA lished, during the minority of Sek- Succeas1ul Evangelism in Cairo goma's infant son. The Regent is Tshkedi, the twenty-one-year-old son L AST autumn, Rev. E. Stanley of Khama, who had three or four Jones, D.D., on his way back to years at the Lovedale Institute, the India held a series of special meet- pioneer educational center for natives ing in Cairo, the results of which sur- of South Africa. He had a first-class prised experienced workers there. reputation there as a real Christian One recognizes the author of "The and a clever and capable man. "The Christ of the Indian Road" in his London Missionary SOciety, whose words: "When I stood before the work began in King Khama's time throngs of students and others that and has been carried on under the faced me night after night, I knew late Chief" welcomes the Regent with my message-A Living Person. My every good wish," says F. H. Haw- audiences were made up of Copts and kins, foreign secretary of the Society.

Moslems, with a sprinkling of Jews and missionaries. Some nights many In the Market Place A were turned away. The first night I SPECIAL feature of the work in North Africa consists in visiting had my audience turning hot and cold as I spoke upon 'The Contrasts the markets, which take place either Between the Revolutions of Turkey weekly or fortnightly in almost every

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

town of importance. As most of the Growth of Kikuyu Church people from the surrounding coun- T HE Foreign Mission Committee try attend, these gatherings afford a of the Church of Scotland has il"esplendid opportunity to reach them cently heard from its mission in with the Scriptures. At one of these Kenya Colony that eight men would fairs, some missionaries stood amid be ready for ordination as native the camels and donkeys, offering the ministers in March or April, 1926. Scriptures. "When the rush hours The significance of this step in the were over and the crowd had thinned, development of the Christian Church a man who had seemed interested in in East Africa is heightened by the our messages," writes a missionary, recommendations of the Mission "took a Gospel of St. Luke in his Council that the native Church should hand and asked a boy who stood near undertake three quarters of the supby to J"ead him something. The child port of the native ministers, leaving only a quarter to be provided from said he could read a little, but was European sources. When it is borne evidently too shy to do so, so I took in mind that the native Church has the book from him and read the par- not been in existence for more than able of the Prodigal Son, accompany- twenty years it will be recognized ing the story with a brief explanation. that to provide three fourths of the 'The words are beautiful, they make salaries of their ministers is to have my heart weep, wait until I bring an- reached a remarkable measure of selfother to hear,' said the man. . . . support. Illiteracy is a great obstacle to colportage work among the natives.

There are no official figures available, A Woman Veteran in Natal but about seventy-five per cent can neither read nor write. It is almost ~~HER royal deeds make her a queen," is the tribute of an asas painful to watch a man who wishes to read but cannot do so, as to watch sociate to Mrs. Mary K. Edwards, mISswnary of the Congregational a dumb man trying to speak." Church among the Zulus for more Training African Leaders than fifty-seven years. She is today in the ninety-sixth year of her age, ONE of the workers in the mission almost totally blind, moving from her carried on by American friends chair only with the aid of crutches. at Kaimosi, Kenya Colony, writes of The devotion to her of Boer and of their normal school: "We have three Britisher and especially of the Zulu months' school and one month's va- is a fitting tribute to a remarkable cation, thus having three terms dur- life given to the people of Africa. In ing a year. The boys are keen to learn that more than a half-century of serv- in most cases. Many of them make ice, which has included only one fur- real sacrifices to come, for they are lough, Mrs. Edwards has been an age to be very helpful at home teacher, principal, agriculturist, hor- and some of their parents raise objec- ticulturist, nurse, doctor, cook, treas- tions. Some of them are married and urer, secretary, educational consult- have to leave their wives at home. ant, matron, and, above all, friend to Seven newly married boys from the the Zulus of Natal. In Inanda Semi- extreme northern part of the Mission nary, which she founded in 1868, and brought their wives with them and to which granddaughters of her first have settled here for three years. pupils are now coming, there are They will be well qualified and have more than two hundred girls enrolled.

a fine opportunity for Christian serv- Thousands of native preachers, teach- ice when they go back to live among ers, and nurses have passed through their people, twenty or thirty miles the institution. More than half the from any white man." women Christian workers of Natal

and more than half the students at one of the missionaries says: "Condithe Normal Training School are Inanda graduates. tions are very bad here just now.

THE NEAR EAST Beirut and Sidon are full of refugees Fruit of Early Seed-Sowing from Damascus, Rashaya and Ju- JOHN R. VORIS, Associate Gen- deidy, the principal towns that have eral Secretary of the Near East Relief in an article in Christian been attacked by the Druses and lVork' on the need for cooperation between American Protestants and bombarded by the French. The peothe indigenous national churches ?f the Near East, speaks of the way III ple have fled, leaving their homes, which the educational work carried on by American missionarie~ of a which have been burned and plungeneration ago has borne frUIt. He says: "In the varied aspects of the dered. Some have saved a few of work of the Near East Reliel: in the different areas where it has been es- their things, others have nothing save tablished,. several thousand of native teachers and other helpers have ren- what they stand in. The French Red dered invaluable assistance during the last decade and from my in- Cross has distributed clothes and quiries last winter in Greece, Syria, and the Caucasus I am satisfied that blankets, and here in Sidon they are more than nine tenths of the whole number had at one time or another giving bread and cooked food to all been under the instruction of American educational missionaries. . . . . who go for it. The Syrians have also Further, the present friendly attitude of the native church clergy, higher come to the fore in giving. Money and lower, and the inclination of the clergy and the educated laity alike has been sent by Syrians in the United to adopt modern working methods of religious nurture and of social serv- States and Brazil, in Egypt and in ice in the local churches, is largely to be accounted for by the fact that they Palestine, and local committees have have watched with their own eyes the sincerity, diligence, and unselfishness been formed to distribute relief." In of those godly Americans who so long dwelt among them. The influence of the devastated region the villages are religious education is retlected in every modernized; and modernizing a pitiful sight, the missionary writes: tendency observable today in these Eastern churches, and that means "The houses are burned and the conthat it is to be seen everywhere." tents robbed and scattered; the peo- Victims of Franco-Druse War ple say they have nothing to go back A CABLEGRAM received in Feb- ruary from Syria by the Presby- to, and many will emigrate as soon as terian Board of Foreign Missions urged that immediate funds be sent they get the chance. The churches in to help C.are for refugees in Beirut and Sidon. A letter received from four of our centers have been dam- a"ed other mission property is de- stroyed, some of the schools are dis- o. r.g.a.n. .izWed~ and the people scattered don't know how it will end. "

A Church Needed in Baghdad REV. JAMES CANTINE, D.D., "founde,r of two missions to Moslems "-the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Church in America and the new mission in Iraq-has been ap- pealing for the remainder of the $10,000 needed to erect a church in Baghdad. He says: "There are four classes whose spiritual interests may be served by such a building. First, there is the Protestant, Arabic-speak- ing congregation, which looks to us for guidance. Then there are the scores of native Christians in govern- ment and civil employ, who have come up from the mission fields of India, and who here have no plilce of refuge from the many and strong tempta- tions assailing th!;lm in, this alien en-

1926J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

vironment. Also, one's heart goes out European, for help has been sent to to that increasing number of young South Africa, suffering £rom drought, people who are coming out from the and to Japan, suffering from earthhome lands, and who do not care for quake. From a relief agency it has the ritual of the Church of England. developed into a cooperative venture Lastly, and perhaps nearest to the of students all over the world. Hence purpose for which the Church has the new name:· International Student sent us out to Mesopotamia, is the Service, Entr' Aide Universitaire, need for a building in this great city Welt-Studentenwerk." The Relief of 200,000 people, which will be a Committee, at which people of fourvisible reminde.r, even to the casual teen nationalities were present, met in passer-by, that the Lord Jesus has a Geneva, and faced the work of the claim upon the faith and service of future. The budget passed was every Moslem." $55,000 for the service program. Ex- cellenz Michaelis, of Germany, made Brotherhood of Baghdad Boys the announcement that the German Wirts'chaftshilfe hopes to contribute REV. Calvin K. Staudt, whose work the equivalent of £2,000 to the budget in the new United Mission in in the course of this year. This shows Iraq was mentioned in the November how the countries to which relief has REVIEW, writes of the organization in been given are now doing their part the boys' school in Baghdad of a so- in meeting the needs of students in ciety which he describes as being" on other lands. the order of a college Y. M. C. A." He says: "Before we organized our Medical Missions to Jews Brotherhood we had a few meetings with the students in which the ideals T HE value of this work is emphaand principles for which our Brother- sized in a paper read by Dr. H. hood stands were fully explained. At Zeckhausen at the International Hethe meeting today twenty-four boys brew Christian Conference in London. boldly stepped out in front of the He said: "There is. not far from other students and signed the pledge, where I live, a Jewish mission dispenpromising, among other things, that sary in which over 7,000 cases were they will cultivate the spirit of treated last year. As a rule, such a brotherhood and, with God's help, place is well furnished with placards will try to live a life pleasing to of Biblical quotations, tracts and re- Christ. Those who came forward ligious papers are readily accepted were Moslems and Christians. They and invitations to religious discourses proceeded to elect officers, choosing as and preaching given, and many Jews president a Protestant, as vice-presi- and Jewesses have heard the Gospel dent a Druse, as secretary a Moslem, through such mediums; they would as treasurer an Armenian Orthodox. otherwise never have come under the I am confident that this society will sound of the Gospel. Many Jews grQW, that many others will take this have been won, and are being won, to solemn pledge and that it will be a Christian teaching because of the mighty force for good in the schooL" kindness shown them by Christian doctors, missionaries and nurses, who GENERAL do the most menial work in a willing and cheerful manner. The Hebrew World. Student Relief Work Christian medical missionary who un~ derstands the Jew speaks his lan- T HIS service carried on by the guage, sympathizes with him, knows . World's Student Christian Fede- how and when to impart the knowlration which began as European Stu- edge of the higher and spiritual life. " dent Relief has ceased to be only

&I ~THE MISSIONARY LmlRAm

'iAiU;~ "0.UVti ..,…… 0 , DUUoooo/&bd .buu The Task in Japan: A Study in Modern " attitude" in missionary work. Yet Missionary Imperatives. August Karl Dr. Reischauer is doubtless right in Reischauer, D.D. 231 pp. $1.50. New bringing missionary candidates for York. 1926. Japan face to face with these features This expanded version of lectures that will make or break their lives as workers there, as in no other misdeli-:ered at Princeton Theol{)gical sion field today. Here is a self- evident proposition which is never- Semlllary and elsewhere is not in- theless not often fully understood and acted upon in Japan: "Christianity tended as a concrete statement of must inculcate a spirit of respect for fa~ts as. to m~ssionary work in Japan. other peoples. If we fail in This then It IS WrItten III the same philooophical it will be more and more difficuit for representatives from our so-called style that makes the author's Christian nations to go as mission- "Studies in Japanese Buddhism" at aries to the proud peoples of the once so philosophically valuable and East. " Once more, we read these words: so somnolent for less thoughtful "It is quite certain that we American rea~ers.,· The author makes a pene- Christi~ns–active, progress'ive, yea, aggresslve as we are-have much to tratlllgly accurate analysis of the real learn from our more quiet, humble and refined brothers of the East." work. of missions, not only in Japan, Yet how large a percentage of our ~apanese missionaries are truly learnbut m other fields where the new mg from their Christian brothers there 1 What is said of Shinto, Bud- ~sychology and .rapidly growing na- dhism and Confucianism as at once helps and hindrances to Christianity tIOnal self-conscIOusness are nourish- t?ere, .w~ll be. va.luable for prospec- tIve mISSIOnarIes m the Far East. ing the New Youth Movement. The heartening words of the final These lectures consider the general s~tting ?f Missions in Japan; the mo- bYes, a:t?1s and the even more impor- tant attItudes of would-be missionary leaders; tthBheeudnidnahdtiiivsgmeenroeaulnisgdiSohCnios~ntfiouns~cilauthnd­eing with imported ism; the Newer Naturalism dealth with help fully at length for the mis- sionary who deals with Japanese of the student classes. The final theme is "The Status of Christianity in Japan." Dr. Reischauer makes a chapter are also well worth a carestrong plea for the type of mission- ful reading, even though they do ary work which he and other prophets contain such sobering words of truth of the new day regard as necessary as these: if Christianity is to hold the field . ' While the work of missions is still very Writers of the old order would much needed in Japan, this does not mean hardly recognize themselves as read- that the form of missionary activities tinhg P'a?l.lmltisss~iaondaeryin volume in noting "e the chapter upon should be just what it has been in the past. Japanese leaders in particular however much they realize that help 'from the MotlVes, Alms and Attitudes" – and stronger churches of the West is still the first contingent of missionar'ies in J hb h. needed, insist that this bfheoetrwlmpe,esnhaonutdhlde~bimnoivsmesiaoann.ly~l apan w 0 egan t elr work there in cases, take a different that the relationship 1859, if they were still among tuhs~ ary and the native Church be changed so would hardly understand what that the Church and its desires are more author meant by working "with Ja- and more ~entral in the whole movement.

pan," and as to the importance of today Nwohnoussciaonnnaorty hwaosrkanyonplaace pinlanJaepaonf 318 equality ana. as a "fraternal helper" with men and Mr. Davis's story of his own his Japanese colleagues. Nor has that mis- experience in the camp and of Marsionary a very large place who says, "Let shal Feng's achievements is well the Japanese Christians do their work as worth reading. they please and I will do my work as I please. "

Surely a qualified leadership, for- Native Chure.hes in Foreign Fields. By Henry Hosie Rowland. 12mo. 199 pp. eign and indigenous, is needed for the $1.50. New York. 1925.

Japanese task. H. P. B.

In pioneer days, there was little Studies in Japanese Buddhism. August question about the relation of foreign Karl Reischauer. 8vo. 361 pp. $2.50. New York. 1925. missionaries to native churches for This book is undoubtedly the best the churches were few in number, exposition of Japanese Buddhism in the English language. It was orig- widely scattered, largely composed of inally published in 1917 as a series of lectures which are a remarkably able uneducated people in humble circumand thorough study of Buddhism by a missionary to Japan. It shows stances, and with little consciousness wide acquaintance with its history, its doctrines, its .ethics, its influence, and of unity and none of power. Now, its present status. It shows that a Christian missionary can deal with a however, by the blessing of God upon non-Christian religion in an eminently sane and philosophical spirit. the faithful labors of many thousands The volume has proved so acceptable to thoughtful students of the subject of missionaries, churches on the misthat a reprint has become necessary. sion fields have become numerous and A. J. B. influential. Mission schools and col- leges are turning out increasing num- bers of intelligent, highly trained ministers and laymen so that many native churches today have capable leadership. In these circumstances, the relations of missions and churches have naturally and radically changed so that they are no longer those of China's Christian Army. George T. B. superiors and inferiors, but of equals. Davis. 12mo. 136 pp. $1.00 cloth; 50 cents paper. New York. 1925. This book is an interesting and Perhaps the most romantic, dra- thoughtful discussion of this importmatic and ,remarkable story of present-day missionary annals is the story ant modern problem by a Methodist of the Christian Chinese General Feng Yii Shiang and his Christian army. missionary of ten years' experience in It reads like a chapter from the Acts of the Apostles, with repeated pente- northern China. A. J. B. costal experiences and systematic Christian education and service. A The Edu<lation of Negro Ministers. W. A. Chinese army in China today is per- Daniel. 187 pp. $1.50. New York. haps the most difficult place in the 1925. world to practice the teachings of Jesus. General Feng is in a most diffi- Among the many startling things cult position and may yet make a set forth in this volume one fact is blunder that will cause him to lose of great moment-that there is not power and, worse than that, to lose one Negro theological school in all dethe confidence of his :fellow-Chris- nominations that is worthy of being tians and bring discredit on the cause compared to those in which white of Christ. Most of those who know ministers are educated. Even the the marshal personally have, however, schools maintained by the Protestant full confidence in his sincerity and Episcopal, Presbyterian and Metho- Christian purpose. He has had a re- dist Episcopal Churches do not commarkable influence on his officers and pare with standard theological semi- naries for white ministers.

The mass of information here p;re- sented is of great importance for the future development of the Negro min- istry and should arouse the'Church at large to correct the lack of equip- of the United States are only just be- ment and proper teaching force. ginning to send "missioners" to the The data respecting the numerical fields, it is interesting to read that alstatus of the various Negro denomina- ready the American force in China tions is not altogether correct and alone is about two hundred. Protes- tants may derive much instruction much of the material about why stu- from these pages, greatly as we differ dents enter the ministry, the diffi- in many of policies, and in the emculties and the unwillingness of phasis on martyrdom. young women to marry: 'clergymen are common to all races. One who is acquainted with the The author shows care in prepara- work of Roman Catholics is surprised to find only one sentence devoten. to tion of facts, accuracy in jUdging the "brightest page in their story," seen in the Paraguayan "reducmen and things and intelligence in tions," where a body of 564 Jesuits expressing his conclusions. w. A. B.

The VaticlIJJl Mission Exposition. A Win· labored at one time to bring into a dow on the World. John J. Considine, settled life its wandering tribes.

S.T.L. Illustrated. 177 pp. $1.40. New Though visitors "gave the palm for York. 1925. interest to the Africa halls, " less than Probably the most comprehensive a sentence is given to the largest mis- and widely gathered exhibit of arti- sion that the reviewer has ever cles illustrative of Protestant Foreign visited-at MarianhiIl, Natal-where Missions-though not the largest- he found about 300 Trappist Brothers was that collected and displayed in and nuns doing a remarkably varied connection with the Ecumenical Con- piece of work on their 12,OOO-acre ference in 1900. Yet it was a mere property. H. P. B.

bagateJle compared with that brought from all Roman Catholic mission Merry-Go-Round. Margaret T. Applegarth. With decorations by the author. 8 yo. fields as part of the celebration at 295 pp. $1.50 net. Philadelphia. 1925. Rome in 1925. Some four thousand cases were used to send the $2,000,- With her usual ingenuity and 000 worth of exhibits to Rome, and charm in suggesting ways to interest when displayed in the Vatican Gar- and instruct children, Miss Appledens, they required twenty-six halls, garth gives programs and material for built especially for the exposition. forty-five sessions-or five each month Visitors desiring to see the whole col- for junior and intermediate missionlections traversed paths and corridors ary travel meetings.

a mile and a half in length. The programs have a fascination This descriptive volume abounds in because of their originality and, at half-tones which enable the reader to the same time, are informing and visualize the main treasures, while the practical. They deal with American text interprets their source and sig- Indians, Negroes, Japan, Korea, Innificance. Protestants have usually dia, Burma, Africa and Foreigners in stressed statistics, and the late Pro- America. Each session is marked by fessor Gustav Warneck keenly criti- a different dramatic story, with sugcised Catholic Missions because of gestions for costumes for child,ren, their failure to publish such indica- hymns, memory verses and recreation tions of their distribution and success. suggestions and handwork. The While they are not tabulated here at drawings may be used for notebook all, the final fourteen pages are oc- work or for scenery.

cupied with impressive charts of Many Bible schools and junior mis- "The World's Eight Great Mission sion bands will find these programs a.

Fields," in which the leading statisti- remarkable help in interesting Amer- cal items are shown in connection ican boys and girls in other childreIk with outline maps. Though Catholics less favored.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1926

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Department No. 20 609 FIFTH AVENUE, AT 49TH STREET, NEW YORK HARTFORD Theological Seminary School of Religious Education SEMINARY FOUNDATION Kennedy School of Missions W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President A UNIVERSITY of religion. Three and cultural life of New England, half way between Boston and New York. separate schools of Christian training A series of handsome and well-apgrouped on one campus. The The- pointed buildings makes its campus one of the most beautiful in its section of ological Seminary trains for the minis- the country. The 'Case Memorial Li- brary containing 125,000 volumes is try; the School of Missions for the for the use of the three schools. This is one of the richest theological libraforeign field; the School of Religious ries in the country. The faculty is com- posed of 27 scholarly men and women Education for the lay worker and with vitalized personalities who have attained distinction in their respective teacher and for social service. Courses fields.

in any of the three schools are open to all students. Thus opportunity is offered for full-rounded religious edu- cation. .

Hartford Seminary Foundation is located in the center of the intellectual HARTFORD SEMINARY FOUNDATION, Hartford, Conn.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. E.tiltor CONTENTS FOR MARCH, 1926 Page }'RONTISPIECE ……………. M,SS,ONARY WORK BY THE WAYSIDE IN MEXICO EDI'L'ORIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1'65 THE GROWING FOREIGN PROBLEM IN CLOSF.R COOPERATION IN FOREIGN AMERICA MISSIONS HOME MISSION FORCES MEET IN ST. FACTS ABOUT THE PUILIPPINES LOUIS THE UNIT'ED STEWARDSHIP C'OUNClL THE NEW CRUSADE OF YOUTH STATISTICS THE EVANSTON STUDENT CONFERENCE ……………. MRS. E. C. CRONK 173 A graphic picture of what happened at the new "religious declaration of independence" of the Christian students in American unit'Braities.

ARE FOREIGN MISSIONS AT A STANDSTILL' ………. HARRY A. RHODES 179 A missionary to Korea calls attention to some of the present-day criticisms of foreign missions and di.'C'U8SCS the question of advance or retreat.

ANSWERED PRAYER IN BELGIUM ……………… Mlts. RALPH C. NORTON 181 CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR IN MISSION LANDS ………… FRANCIS E. CLARK 182 The honorary president and founder of the United SOoWty of Christian Endeatlor gives evidence from his 10tlII experience and world-wide travel to show the value of Christian Endeavor work in building up mi.•sian churches.

SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH AMERIOA ………….. FLORENCE E. SMITH 183 A missionary to Chile describes the great progress made in the last twenty years in combating social evils in South American countrie.•.

'l'HE CHALLENGE OF MEXICAN IMMIGRATION ……… EDWIN R. BROWN 192 A stirring appeal to the Protestant Church of America to give M'exican immi· grants the Gospel of Chr-illt at a timo when they are mo.•t susceptible to its injiuence.

BUILDING A CHURCH OF GOD IN MEXICO …. _………… N. W. TAYLOR 197 The story of how a Mexican who had heard and accepted the Gospel used his injiuence to build up a church in a community of poor Christian Indian .•.

TODAY IN MEXICO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G. B: WINTON 199 A brief word picture of the present sitWltion in 'Mexico as shown by the po- litical. fducational and religious condition•.

WHAT THE .CHINESE THINK OF CHR.ISTIANITY ……….. ARTHUR RUGH 201 Very interesting expressions by Ch~ne8e stUdents and others show'ing Iheir re- action toward Christianity, with their view of it.• failures and pos.•ibiliNes.

'l'HE ANTI-CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHlNA …………….. . 0. Y. CHENG 204 One of the Chinese secretaries of the Christian Council of China writes a very illuminating article on the extent and influence of tile movement against Christianity, fostered by Chinese students.

PROTESTANT MISSIONS AS SEEN BY A TURK…………………… _.

. …. _…………………… , ……….. QUOTED FROM A TURKISH PAPEIt 207 BEST METHODS SEEN AT EVANSTON …. _…………. MRS. E. C. OR.OOK 209 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BUL,LE,TIN …… EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 215 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLET'lN …. EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN 218 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ………………………………………… 221 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ………………………………………. 237 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published mr.nthly. Copyrighted, 19216, by MISSJONA&Y REVIEW PUBLISHING CoMPANY, INC. All rights reserved, THill MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert E. Speer, PresIdent WillIam I. Chamberl..ln, Vlce-Prelld…t Dela,..,n L. Pierson. Secretary Walter McDouga.lI, Treasurer Pllblle&t1oD om…, 3d A Reily SU., HarrIsburg, PI.. 250. a copy $2.60 a year Edltorl..1 and BUBlne•• Omce. 156 FUtll A…..U., Ne.. York City ••ter04 .. locond-cl… mILtter at tho Post Omce, HarrIsburg, PI." UDder Act of M..rch 3, 187& PERSONALS JUST PUBLISHED E. GRAHAM WILSON, since 1917 executive THE COST OF secretary of the West Side Y. M. C. A., New York City, has been appointed treasurer of A NEW WORLD · . . the Board of National Missions of the Pres- By KENNETH MACLENNAN byterian Church in the U. S. A. Secretary of the Conference of Missionary So- cieties in Great Britain and Ireland; General DR. AND MRS. J. K. GIFFEN, of the United Secretary of the United Couneil for Missionary Presbyterian Church, have completed a quar- Education, London. ter-century of service in the Sudan Mission. A SURVEY OF CURRENT WORLD • ** LIN TIEN Ho has been chosen by Dr. Car- MOVEMENTS AND THE RELEleton Lacy of the American Bible Society as his associate secretary in Shanghai. His VANCY OF JESUS CHRIST TO grandfather, a pirate, was one of the first converts of the Methodist Episcopal ll is- THEM. . sian in Foochow over fifty years ago. "One of the notable books of the season." *** -Public Opiniotl.

DR. JoH'N CoBB WORLEY, organizer of the "At once timely, instructive, and thought- World Friendship Travel Service of the Mis- compelling_" -Church Missionary Review. sionary Education Movement, sailed on December 28th from San Francisco with a "We should like to put his book into the group of travelers interested in seeing Chris- hands of every man and woman in this countian missions at work. Later Dr. Worley try who subscribes to foreign missions." will organize tours for Alaska, Latin America and Asia. -The British Weekly.

•** Price One Dollar DR. SAlI[ HiGIHNBOTTOM, the principal of Published by the Allahahad Agricultural Institute, is now in America to raise money for the Institute. MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT Ove~ $5,o,,oO'O.0(l is definitely pledged or paid, leavmg about $252,00,0.00 to be secured. 150 Fifth Avenue New York City In Cincinnati the Allahabad Higginbottom Association has been formed. Each member of the Association fixes his or her own dues at $1.0Cl, $2.00, $5.,00, $10.00 or $100.,0,0 a year.

The six Missionary Fellowships awarded Life Annuities by Union Theological Seminary, New York, for 1926-27, have been assigned to: Work the Impossible Rev. Paul G. Hayes, S.T.B., Wuhu, China, They provide comfort and evangelistic missionary of the Methodist peace for your old age Episcopal Church; R~v. M. Hunter Harri- They provide security for son, S.T.B., Professor, Jaffna College of the your dear ones American Board, Ceylon; Rev. Emory W. They are safe-sure-de- Lnccock, B.D., Institutional ,Church, Shang- pendable hai, Chilla, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.; Rev. A. W. Wasson, S.T.M., President of the AT THE SAME TIME Vnion Methodist (South) Theological College, Seoul, Korea; Rev. T. Hiraoka, pastor, ~atsuyama City, Japan; Rev. William Sage "'oolworth, Jr., B.D., American Mission, Caesarea, Turkey.

* OBITUARY REV. G. H. BoNDFIELD, D.D., who retired They are your opportunity in 1923, after forty years of missiouary life to do your part for the in China, twenty-eight of which were spent Kingdom now-TODAY! on the staff of the British and Foreign Bible Society, died on November 9th. He is For lull details addres. said to have heen the directing force of the great Union versions of the Bible in Wenli M. W. Ehne., Treasurer, Board 01 Foreign and Mandarin, as well as of many translations and revisions in colloqnial Chinese. Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Filth Avenue, New York, N. Y., or * W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Board 01 Home Mis. REV. S. J. WmTMEE, who first landed in sions and Church Extension 01 the Methodist Episco. Samoa as a representative of the London pal Church. 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Missionary Society sixty-two years ago, and who gave lessons in Samoan to Robert Louis Stevenson, has recently died in England.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW 07 'l'XII WORLD in writing to advertisers. (See article on page 197)

MARCH,1926

XLIX THREE THE GROWING FOREIGN PROBLEM IN AMERICA FORTY-TWO nationalities in a district with a population of . forty thousand were recently discovered by aNew York Oity pastor in a canvass of his parish. A study of the children in the public schools of a Rocky Mountain city disclosed thirty-two nationalities in a population of six thousand. A company of Koreans living in the mountains sent a representative to a pastor in that same community, asking for someone to preach the Gospel to them.

Not only in cities and smaller towns are the foreign-speaking peoples settling in large numbers and showing little evidence of becoming Americanized, but foreign-speaking peoples are settling also in rural communities. Easy transportation permits tradesmen and artisans to live from five to fifteen miles awav from their work so that those who lived in the open country in their native lands, after an experience of congested city life in ….merica, are turning back to the soil in great numbers. To evangelize these scattered groups filtering into rural communities, already occupied by tenant farmers, lays a burden upon our national home missionary societies which, in the next decade, will become exceedingly difficult.

In no section is this tendency more marked than in New England. With the Protestant youth leaving the farms to attend the higher institutions of learning and then going out to seek their fortunes in the cities of the land, and with the well-defined tendency of foreign-speaking groups to settle on these farms, Protestant Ohristianity, in rural New England, faces a new problem. The spiritual conquest of these peoples will tax the resourcefulness and leadership of New England home mission agencies to the utmost during the next one hundred years. Protestant Ohristianity must contend for its verv life in the face of these difficulties and tendencies.

What is true in New England is true in varying degrees in every state. Is it any wonder that a British minister, invited to a Boston pulpit, is said to have declined the call with the facetious remark, 165

that he could not think of accepting a pastorate in such a city because he could not preach the Gospel in six languages. Many firmly believe that the assembling of the nations in America, with the inevitable assimilation of these people in the years that may follow, is the .Divine attempt to create a people in America that may transmit the spiritual gifts of Heaven to the nations of the earth. c. L. W.

HOME MISSION FOROES MEET AT ST. LOUIS F OR the first time the Annual Meeting of the Home Missions Council andCouri.cil of Women for Home Missions met in an , inland city, at St. Louis, Missouri (January 21st to 25th). Most of the joint sessions were open to the public and were well attended by St. Louis church workers-a real evidence of cooperation. One of the interesting features of the conference was the presentation by Dr. H. Paul Douglass of a re-study of certain areas of St. Louis made since his original survey of St. Louis churches. He urged the churches of St. Louis to "make a stand" by "digging in" at their present locations although faced with startling changes in neighborhood conditions. A local committee composed of workers representing the Protestant religious communions in St. Louis invited Dr. Douglass to return to St. Lous four weeks later to present the results of his studies before members of the various boards of citv mission societies. Dr. William P. Shriver recommended a chur~h extension plan that should reflect an intelligent cooperative effort to meet the needs of the people rather than a slavish adherence to sectarian development.

The most important business of the Oonferellce was probably the report of a joint commission of the two Councils and the adoption of a set of principles, subject to the approval of the various constituent Ohurch boards and the Federal Council of Churches as to the future relationships of the Home Missions Council, the Council of Women for Home Missions and the Federal Council of Ohurches. These principles have in view the closer cooperation of the Councils so as to avoid overlapping, promote economy and increase efficiency. The Program Committee of the Conference for the 1927 meeting was ah:;o asked to give major emphasis to the question, "The Future Program and Policy of Home Mission Agencies."

"The Greatness of the Home Missions Task," by Dr. Charles L. 'White of New York, president of the Home Missions Oouncil, "The Need for Greater Oooperation, " by Mrs. John Ferguson of New York, president of the Council of Vomen for Home Missions and" The Essential Factors in the Building of a National Christian Conscience," by Dr. E. Y. Mullins of Louisville, Ky., were the subjects of stirring addresses at the opening session. Evangelism was named as the major imperative of the hour because it ministers to the dynamics

EDITORIAL (JOMMENTS

rather than to the mechanics of government. "The evangelistic preacher," said Dr. Mullins, "will be needed as long as there is a need of the civic and social reformer, the legislator, the judge or the statesman. He releases the slumbering moral and spiritual forces which are expressed in laws and institutions and other practical ways and means for realizing the ends of democracy. Christianity aims to deal with the sources of political action in men's hearts. It leaves men to frame any form of government they choose. Almost any form of government will succeed if men are first made right in heart and conscience. "

Dr. Clayton S. Rice pleaded for a thorough-going Christian program for Utah and the pick of America's trained workers to carry out the program. "Send your best young men to Utah for at least four years," he advised. The world-wide missionary enterprise of the Mormon Church, he said, was an object lesson of personal sacrince for the Christian Church.

Protests against sectarian Indian contract schools, anti-Semitic movements, mistreatment of Orientals and Negroes in America, and recommendations for increased comity among Protestant churches, greater missionary labors among migrant and immigrant peoples, and increased efforts to Christianize Mormonism, were among the resolutions adopted by the Councils in executive sessions.* COE HAYNE.

THE NEW CRUSADE OF YOUTH " AS the Student Interdenominational Conference at Evans- W ton a "flash in the pan," the sputtering of a fuse leading to a powder magazine, or a fire kindled in the hearts of Christian youth that will yet set the Church aflame with new zeal for a more practical and self-sacriiicing Christianity? We hope that it will prove to be the clarion call of the Christian youth of America to a New Crusade to put the program of Christ into practice in the Church and in the world.

The Evanston Convention, which is more fully considered elsewhere in this number, was intended to be a protest against the failure of the Church to unite so as to meet successfully the problems that are preventing a realization of the Kingdom of God on earth. r1'he seven hundred and fifty student delegates, including young men and young women of different races and denominations, did not represent a cross-section of the student body but rather a cross-section of the youth of the Protestant churches of America.

Though these students are still lacking in information and ex- * Officers of the Home Missions .councU for the comIng year are: Dr. Charles L. White. pres- ident; Dr. Charles E. VermUya, executive secretary; Miss Augusta N. Behrens, treasurer; Dr. John McDowell and Dr. George L. Cady. vice-presidents. and Ralph S. Adams, recording secretary.

The CounciJ of Women for Home Missions elected omeera as follows: Mrs. John Ferguson, president; Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz, recording secretary; Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, treasurer; Miss Florence E. Quinlan. executive secretary; Miss G. Evelyn MOorse. assistant treasurer; Miss Laura H. Parker. executive supervisor farm and cannery migrants; associate supervisor Miss Louise F. Shields.

perience and are impatient at restraint and failure, they are on fire with a desire to do something to correct the failures and abuses that they see in the Church and in society. "They have strong convictions on some moral questions and express themselves with unbounded self-assurance, but they manifest a sportsmanlike courage and readiness to take as well as give hard knocks. Above all, they manifest a sincere devotion to Jesus Christ and a desire to put into practice His principles of life as they understand them.

The general argument on which the Evanston Convention seemed to be based was: Conditions in the world are bad-politically, racially, industrially, socially and religiously. The Church of Christ is failing to stand out fearlessly and to unite effectively to remedy the existing evils. There has been too much theological discussion and too little practice of Christ's way of life. The youth have in the past been leaders in revolt against evils that have become entrenched by custom and tradition. The youth of the Church today must lead in a new crusade to outlaw war, racial discrimination, industrial oppression and religious bigotry. Now is the time for youth to unite and to make themselves heard and their influence felt.

These sincere and energetic young people should be sympathetically heard and their cooperation should be welcomed in church and in missionary councils and activities. They seriously approach the study of the problems that have to do with the Church, business and social life and international relations. While they accuse the Church of formalism, selfishness and capitalism, they recognize that the Church of Christ is the body that best represents Him and that should be counted upon to lead in reforms.

What is it that these Christian students ask1 First, that rivalry and division in the Church be abolished and that Christians be united in name, in program and in effort. Second, that theological disputes be discontinued and that emphasis be placed on the practice of the principles of Jesus and the carrying out of His program. They also ask indirectly to be given a place in the church councils and on church boards.

These young people have an ideal but they seem to lack a definite program. At Evanston, they adopted certain findings to express their convictions and appointed a Continuation Committee of twentyfive to plan the next steps. This committee includes some men and women of experience as well as students; ten are students, four represent church boards and six were chosen at large. Among the mem- bers are Mr. R. A. Doan of the Disciples, Mr. Stanley High of the Methodist Episcopal Board, Mr. H. T. Stock of the American Board, Miss Frances Greenough of the Baptist Foreign Mission Society, Rev. Walter W. Van Kirk of the Federal Council of Churches and Miss Florence Tyler of the Women's Colleges of the Orient. There

EnrtoRIAL COMMENTS

is also one Korean student, Mr. George Paik now in the Yale Divinity School.

These students need to become better acquainted with factsnot isolated incidents-but typical facts covering a broad range. 'l'hey need to know more of history and more of the real aims and problems of the Church agencies. They need to profit by the experience of others rather than to wait until they can test their theories only by personal experience. They need, not less enthusiasm, idealism and spirit of adventure, but more discretion, patience and tact in dealing with difficult problems.

The church officials should meet these youthful crusaders in a friendly spirit of sympathy and cooperation. Much may be gained through frank and friendly conference and their best-equipped leaders may well be invited to take positions of responsibility. Criticisms of the Church and its methods should be examined for facts rather than for flaws. If youthful idealism and daring energy are linked to the knowledge, experience and calmer judgment of maturity, the combination may be used greatly to advance the cause of Christ in the world. But the main emphasis must be on loyalty to Jesus Christ and the great dependence must be on the guidance and power of the Holy Spirit.

A generation or two ago, young men, stirred by the Spirit of God, came forward to arouse the Church into new activity; as a re- !mIt the Young Men's Christian Association, the Christian Endeavor Movement, and the Student Volunteer Movement were born. These young men sought their commissions from God, not from the Church. They saw a need, studied God's Word, asked guidance of His Spirit and undertook to meet the need without considering any selfish interests. They demonstrated the practical value of their idealism before they asked recognition from the Church. The leaders of the passing generation are always looking for those in the coming generation who have potential qualities of leadership. But these qualifications are not chiefly shown in self-confidence, courage and idealism but rather in the spirit of self-abnegation and a sacrificial devotion to the one great Leader and for the Cause to which He gave His life. "Follow Me," said Jesus; "Learn of Me"; "Be My wit·· nesses"; "Seek ye first the Kingdom of God. " When Sadhu Sundar Singh was asked if he had won any followers to his conception of the Christian way of life and service in India, he replied: "No; I have no followers. I myself am a follower."

We have not to ask whether the task is compassable, but only whether it is commanded. If the Master's call be clear, we shall find that, either on the sea like Peter, or through the sea like Israel, we are somehow able to go forward. WESLEY'S WORLD PARISH.

CLOSER COOPERATION IN FOREIGN MISSIONS ASTEP forward in the interests of closer cooperation in the great task of giving the Gospel of Christ to mankind was taken in the recent Foreign Missions Conference of Presbyterian and Reformed Churches, held in Philadelphia (February 9tlt to 11th). The delegates were officially appointed from the five denominations: Presbyterian Church in the U. S., Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. (commonly called Southern and Northern Churches), the Reformed Church in America, the Reformed Church in the United States and the United Presbyterian Chureh. These church bodies have a united membership of nearly three million, the largest being the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. with 1,873,859 members and the smallest the Reformed Church in America with 145,373 members.

The foreign mission boards of these churches conduct work in eighteen different countries and three of the boards work jointly in Mesopotamia. They have resident missionaries in 285 stations, conduct 4,505 schools and colleges and 127 hospitals. Their total church membership in these fields is 3340,623 and they contribute to union work $578,878. They have, on the field, 2,943 missionaries-over half of whom are under the Presbyterian Church, North,-and gave $8,566,886 to foreign missions last year.

The conference stimulated the spirit of fellowship among the leading members of the Presbyterian and Reformed Churches and. strengthened the sense of solidarity so as to pave the way for still more active cooperation and possibly for union.

Dr. Robert E. Speer, chairman of the program committee, called attention to the fact that these five branches of the Presbyterian and Reformed Churches are already united in spirit of fellowship and cooperation in all of the mission fields where they are working together. There is no disharmony or lack of agreement as to allotments of territory or work and there is close cooperation in union seminaries, hospitals and other institutions. The mission churches founded by these five boards have adopted a common name in each field. The Council of the Presbyterian and Reformed Churches in 1918 approved of the plan to carryon their foreign missionary work unitedly. A charter was adopted for union work under one foreign missionary board and was approved by the secretaries and by the constituent bodies. Two of the denominational bodies have not yet finally voted to adopt the plan, on the ground that there is no one authoritative supervising body over all the work and all the workers.

The conference was addressed by leading pastors, secretaries and laymen of the various Ohurches represented; reports were given as to the progress of the work at home and in the various fields and all were in agreement that the problem that confronts the foreign missionary work is the evangelization of the world through the presen-

1926J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

tation of Christ as the Son of God and the Saviour essential to the world.

FACTS ABou'r THE PHILIPPINE'S MUCH partisan propaganda has appeared (in books and peri- odicals) in reference to the Philippines and the readiness of the Filipinos for self-government. Some Americanofficials look upon the people of the Islands as a race of weaklings, incapable of standing alone, incapable morally and mentally of withstanding the temptations and trials of independence. They believe that, without American protection, the Islands would soon become the prey of a stronger and covetous nation. On the other hand, Filipino patriots and their sympathizers believe the Islanders to be as capable of handling their own affairs as are the Siamese and more so than are the people of many Latin American republics.

Without doubt, the Filipinos have made great strides, intellectually, morally, industrially and politically during the past twenty-five years. This has been due to the training given by Christian missionaries and under American educational and political representatives. An interesting letter from a prominent and respected Protestant missionary in Manila gives a clear view of the attitude of many of his colleagues. Rev. F. C. Laubach, the author of "The People of the Philippines" says: "You in America get very few unbiased opinions about the Philippine Islands. There are two large and well-financed sources of propaganda: the Philippine Independence Commission putting as much material into the newspapers as it can to prove that the Philippine Islands are ready for independence, and the Chamber of Commerce which is exploiting the Philippines, endeavoring to prove that the Philippines are not ready for independence, and hoping that they may be able to bring about permanent retention, or at least retention until they have made their money and gone home. Since the American capitalists have a stronger hold on American newspapers they succeed in getting more propaganda iuto the newspapers than the Filipinos get, with the result that the Americau public is more influenced by the propaganda of the American investors than by that of the Philippine Independence Commission."

THE FOURFOLD GOSPEL'S MISSIONARY COMMISSION WHY TO Go-Mat. 28: 12. "All authority hath been given unto Me in heaven and on earth. Go ye therefore and make disciples of all nations."

WHERE TO Go–Mark 16: 16. "Go ye into all the world and preach the gospel to the whole creation."

How TO Go–Luke 24: 47. "Thus it is written that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in His name unto all the nations, beginning at .Jerusalem. "

IN WHAT SPIRIT TO Go–John 20: 21. "Peace be unto you; as the Father hath sent me even so send I you."

S. M. ZWEMER.

UNITED STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL S'fATISTIOS, 1925 This statement contains the answers to questions submitted to the officials of the Communions below. The amount received for benevolences Is "the amount received from living givers for current official budgets of the permanent Boards and Agencies recog· nized by the NatIonal Body." Column "Total Gifts for All Purposes," includes not only contributions for local church expenses and from living gIvers for budget benevolences but it also includes contrilmtions from all other sources. Therefore, it may not be a total of the other columns.

I I 1 0…. >6 i …. ;, I End of Year .s~~ Communion 00'"" 'H " I I tt.1Q311..1 :..!.:'~ I ~ b£ § , ….. Q.) 0- ~.,., I ~ ~ >< ~ 'b",,,0"0 ! ~,,1'iI ~''"";'':0:Q; "~' " 1 "'0_ bO~ Eo< 1 United Presbyterian ………………….. $14.95 $22.141$38.32 $2,521,389.00 $3.733,641.00 $6,461,004.001 168,6381MarCh 31, 1925 2 Presbyterian U. S. (S.) ………………… 8.58 20.55 32.61 3,917 ,661.00 9.393,340.00 14,935,170.00 457,093 March 31, 192.~ 3 Moravian ……………………………. 8.05 14.70122.15 141,923.00 259,831.00 401,754.001 17,632 Dec. 31,1924 4 Reformed in America ………………….. 1 7.37 24.77 36.52 1,071,494.00 3.600.558.00 5,309,673.00 145,373 April 30, 1925 5 Presbyterian U. S. A. (N.) ………….. …. 5.15 22.76 3l.30 9,722,529.00 41,633,438.00 57,241,511.00 1,842185,.901564IMAparriclh 31, 1925 6 Methodist in Canada …………………. 5.00 17.14 22.52 2,092,066.00 7.173,310.00 9,423.702.00 30. 1925 7 Protestant Episcopal……………… …. 4.81 28.79·34.27 5,490,538.00 32.803,278.00 39,047.394.00 1.139.192 Dec. 31, 1924 8 Methodist Episcopal So. ………………. 4.21 7.30, 16.67i 10,406,728.00 18,057,697.00 41,182,778.00 2,470,407 Dec. 31, 19·M 9 United Lutheran …………… ………… 4.10 17.36 21.46' 3,512,337.00 14,859,760.00 18,372,097.00 856,180 1924 10 Lutheran, Except 9, 12 ……………….. 4.01 13.291' 17.51 4,408,822.00 12.960,434.00 16,942,269.00 967,317 1924 11 Evangelical Church …………………… 3.99 8.22' 20.54 836,339.00 1,720,473.00 4,297,792.00 209,238 Aug. 31, 1925 12 Lutheran Synodical Conference………… 3.91 13.43: 16.56: 4,615,949.00 11,160,012.00 15,775,961.00 799,057 19~4 13 Me~hodist Episcopal (N:) ……………… 3.81 19.01124.011' 14,882,746.00 74,342,674.00 93,903,021.00 3,911,046 Oct. 31, 1924 14 Umted Brethren In Chnst ………….. … 3.72 13.52, 17.241 1,437,479.00 6,221,902.00 659,381.00 86,185Isept. 30, 1925 15 Church of Brethren …….. … ……. …… 3.64 11.54' 15.37, 441,348.00 1,398,650.00 1,862,975.00 121, 184 Feb. 28, 1925 16 Cong;eg~tional ……………………… 3.61 22.191' 30.19, 3,169,603.00 19,507,607.00 26,537,007.00 878,995 Dec. 31, 19"24 17 BaptIst III Canada……………………. 3,58 17.45 21.03: 510,305.0() 2,490,694.00 3,000,999.00 142,725 Dec. 31, 1924 18 Baptist, North………………………. 3.56 16.72 23.25: 5,034,601.00 25,627,771.00 32,857,211.00 1,413,0391April 30, 1925 4,730,753.00 19 Refo;rmed. Unite.d States……………… 33..5306.1103..5710l11148..92711 1,218,982.00 15.526,769.00 6,601,231.00 348,0021May 31, 1925 20 DiSCIples of Chnst ……………………. 4,886,075.00 20,619,987.00 1,450,681 June 30, 1925 21 Evangelical Synod……………………. 3.20 20.2.5 25.02 763,127.00 4,882.498.00 5,931,056.00 237,000 Jan. 31, 1925 22 Baptist. South •……………………… 2.75 7.6n 10.44 9,863,153.00 27,496,460.00 37,359,614.00 3,574,5:n April 30, 1925 23 Christian •………….••…•.•…•.•…•.• 2.52 9.71 13.49 245,770.00 957,132.00 1.329.654.00 98,531ISept. 30, 1925 24 FrIends Five Year Meeting………… .. … 2,48 6.10 10.44 210,946.00 527,126.00 888.394.00 85,101MarCh 31. 1925 25 Methodist Protestant…………………. 2.30 13.01 15.33 443,365.00 2.486.688.00 2,930.053.00 188,683 Dec. 31, 1924 – – – – – – – – – . – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -~–I,—–I— $4.17$15.56$21.71$91,845,275.00 $342-'-.5_5_2_.4_9_6._00….!….$'-4_63-'._S_71-'-._67_8_.00~2_2__,00_9 ,_8_0"_,_ _ _ __ Compiled for the United Stewardship Council, HARRY S. MYERS. Secretary, 276 FIfth Avenue, New York City

Evanston Student

BY MRS. E. C. ORONK, PHILADELPHIA, P A.

H ISTORY in the making is difficult of appraisal. There are certain shrinkages and expansions in the measurements of conferences which make a vast deal of difference between the headlines in the daily papers and the permanent records of history.

Even now we are too close to the Interdenominational Student Oonference held in Evanston, Illinois (December 29 to January 1), tv estimate finally its dimen~ions, but there is reason to believe that it will have a place in church histories yet to be written.

The eager reporters whose pencils. were sharpened to the anticipatory point of hope that something would happen, as well as the cautious gallery guests whose defenses were carefully guarded lest something might happen, are alike agreed that something did happen. There were scare headlines in the daily press, but those who watched eagerly for the dawning felt the stirring of new hope as they saw and heard 857 student delegates* earnestly facing the problems and the possibilities of the Church which they unhesitatingly declared to be the best channel for the expression of their ideals, heard them call for "unselfish, intelligent service, steeped in the 'purity of the gospel of Jesus Christ and dedicated to sacrifice." Then weary overburdened leaders dared to hope, and to believe that youth had come to the kingdom for such a time as this.

In tradition and temper the delegates ranged from the most conservative student of the conservative theological seminary to the most radical communist of the state university.

From the gallery, official representatives of denominations and interdenominational agencies watched and listened, in unaccustomed silence. Many among them singlehanded, had set up and conducted conferences, and scarcely one was accustomed to attend any convention which he did not address, yet there was general appreciation of the spirit in which silence was imposed upon the galleries in order that student thinking might become articulate.

If the conference had adjourned at the close of the second day, it would have furnished some startling headlines for the daily press, but no paragraphs for church historians. Such an unusual group, gathered in an unusual way, could not be expected to arrive with findings neatly typed awaiting the signature of the committee. The first task was to "find itself." "Confused and can· servative" were two of the varied assortment of kindly critical .. Registrations represented 192 colleges and other educationa.l institutions. Visitors in the gallery Included 42 college professors; 77 church board secretaries; 70 student pastors; 24 editors of church papers; 50 representatives of interdenominational organizations and movements.

173

adjectives with which Dr. Albert Parker Fitch, (chosen by the students as discussion leader) urged them on to clearer thinking. "Intensely earnest but possessing insufficient information to be effective," was the admission of a student who urged further study of the subjects under discussion. Later sessions showed evidences of clearer and more unified thinking and determination to discover more adequate information.

The findings of the conference deal with the reports of committees on Appreciation of the Church, The Case Against the Church, Christianizing America, (including Christianity and Race, and The Church and Industry), The Church and Foreign Missions, The Church and War, and The Church and Education. Of especial interest to REVIEW readers are the findings on Christianity and Race, and on The Church and Foreign Missions.

FINDINGS ON CHRISTIANITY AND RACE We believe that present relationships between races are inconsistent with the mind and .teachings of Jesus concerning brotherhood; and we, as students, now face a real problem on our own campuses in the relations of the students of the various races and creeds; hence.

We suggest: that we give ourselves to an unbiased study of the races in an effort to find a solid basis for relationships of equality and mutuality and to gain an appreciation of the distinctive contribution and capacity of each race; that Cosmopolitan Clubs and other associations of similar purpose and scope be given all possible moral and material encouragement by the churches the young peoples' societies, and the homes in the communities concerued.

We especially commend the work of The Inter-Racial Council at the Ohio State University and recommend that such agencies be established on every campus, and in every community where there is a mixed population, with the end in view of discovering the causes of racial discrimination and obtaining an attitude of mind which will promote better cooperation and understanding between the races.

We endorse the Dyer anti-lynching bill.

THE CHURCH AND FOREIGN MISSIONS Months in advance of the conference a commission of twenty-five students studied the work of foreign missions, visiting the headquarters of a number of boards and interdenominational agencies. This commission submitted a report which presented the following causes for valid criticism of the missionary enterprise as now conducted: The exploitation by Christian nations of the lands to which they send missionaries.

The lack of appreciation of the culture of other peoples. The feeling of racial superiority. The lack of feeling of real friendship. The attempt to Americanize nationals of other lands, resulting in their deculturization, and failure to develop leadership. The forcing of meaningless Western denominationalism and division on the East.

THE EVANSTON STUDENT CONFERENCE

The reliance on Western government protection and the claiming, for missionaries, rights and privileges not possessed by nationals.

The exaction of indemnities fo.r mission losses.

The creatiDn of false impressio.ns (at home) resulting in pity and condescension, rather than appreciatiDn and true understanding, for the sake of raising money (to. support missiDns).

The unwillingness of American churches to. aid Christian work in the East except as it retains control Df prDperty and activities.

MISSIONARY PROGRAM AND THE STUDENTS The report of the Oommission on Foreign Missions reaffirmed that Ohristianity is unique among religions in the person of Jesus Ohrist and the expression of the character of God in Ohrist; that Ohristianity should make available for all men the power which comes through knowing Him; and that the foreign missionary program is an integral and essential part of the whole Ohristian enterprise. The commission recommended as the objectives of this program: The preaching of the Gospel of Ohrist at home and abroad; willingness' to modify and reinterpret the missionary program in view of changing world conditions; recognition of responsibility to· ward political and economic life, of the place and worth of nationals, and of a unity of purpose behind differing theological opinions.

The place and responsibility of the individual student in this missionary program was recommended as beginning with the develop. ment 'of friendly contacts with foreign students. The report then went on to present the missionary obligation of the student, as a: mem- ber of society, to oppose anti-Ohristian legislation, to combat economic imperialism and exploitation, and to recognize that loyalty to humanity and Ohristian idealism should take precedence in conflict with lesser loyalties. Emphasis was laid on the obligation of students to take their share in the missionary progra.m of their local churches and in the active support of progressive missionary policies through their Boards.

To this report of the Oommittee the conference added the following" findings" : 1. Denominationalism shDuld be absolutely cut Dut of the spirit and method o.f the Christian enterprise abrDad.

2. We must strive for mDre mutuality o.f giving and receiving not Dnly in missio.n wo.rk but also. by means o.f exchange students, prDfessors and Christian WDrkers.

3. Jesus' way of life must replace creedal and legalistic teachings.

4. We must separate Christian missions frDm political influence and Western materialism and we must stand unqualifiedly oPPDsed to commercial exploitations.

5. The missiDnary must WDrk in such a way as to. eliminate the need for his leadership as quickly as possible.

6. We must seek friendship with students frDm other lands.

AN ADDITIONAL STATEMENT Further, the Conference makes the following additions to this statement of principles in the report; 1. The missionary enterprise should become more, responsive to the courage and moral vision of youth and not be bound by the lack of vision in the churches.

2. The mission boards should be more honest with the constituency who are supporting them by explaining the policies fully though they forfeit some financial support.

3. We must seek to avoid fostering by our missions a narrow nationalism. 4. The mission boards should seek to find a way to appoint candidates to country and profession early in their educational career. 5. We must recognize a new frontier, other than geographical, which the evils of new social and economical exploitation have created.

STUDENT CONTINUATION PLANS The adjournment of the conference is not expected to end the matter. The appointment of a continuation committee is one but not the sole continuation guarantee. While no labelled consecration service was held, those who are not deceived by the presence or absence of labels know that during those days scores of students dedicated their lives to finding the truth and proclaiming it.

Are there dangers ahead ~ Wherever there is life there is danger. There is danger of action based on insufficient information; danger of prayerless impatience which refuses to "wait on the Lord"; danger of going far afield in the search for truth and justice; danger of discarding the real values, in the passionate desire to be rid of false trappings. But in none of these paths does the greatest danger lie. The greatest danger of all is that the Church in its boards and committees will fail to see its opportunity in the present student awakening. Evanston invited to its galleries representatives of church boards and committees. They were on the inside when the doors were closed. Will these church boards and inter-church conventions see the opportunity of inviting the students to their" gal- leries"~ Will we see the advantages of bringing youth more intimately into the councils of the Church 1 Will there be a reduction in the average age of boards and committees? The introduction of youth does not necessitate the discard of age, but only the lowering of the average in age and the increasing of the total in efficiency. Age may profit by the eager enthusiasm and adventurous idealism of youth, even as youth may benefit by the experiences, knowledge and calmer judgment of maturity.

"Recall the twenty-one years; give me back all its experiences, its shipwrecks its standings in the face of death surrounded by savages, with spears flying ~bout me, with the club knocking me to the g,round; give it me back, and I will still be a missionary."–JAMES CHALMERS, martyr among the can- nibals of New Guinea.

THE EVANSTON STUDENT OONFERENCE

FROM EVANSTON SPEECHES AND DISCUSSIONS T ODAY Martin Luther is one of the world's immortals. In 1521 he was a "damnable heretic and a dangerous radicaL" .. * * After a great cause has become triumphant crowds can applaud it and always do.

Jesus did not leave a model creed for all of us to sign but He did leave a model prayer for all of us to pray.

When white students make friends with colored students then they will be able to discuss the race problem.

The only value that property has is in its relation to human personality.

The furnace in which" flaming youth" can do its utmost is organized religion-the institution that we Protestants call the Church. No one can deny that the ashes need cleaning out; no one can deny that clinkers sometimes need breaking up by a modern Amos who wields a heavy bar, but just the same the possibilities for fiaming youth that wants to heat .. things up effectively are there. .. ..

Jesus was fundamentally a rebel-a rebel against the false piety which was smooth and unctuous.

A perilous group in the Church is the group that fear.s new ideas.

.. * * The spirit of Christ is the spirit of liberty-the spirit of creation.

If men are free they will make mistakes. True, but if men are slaves they w41 make nothing.

What shall it profit the Church if it gain the whole world and lose its own voice? If it spend its strength in building Gothic arches and have a beautiful place in which w say something, but nothing to say 1 The perpetuity of the Church is not to be made an end in itself.

* '" ..

.. .. If nations are to stop warring let the churches stop competing.

'"

Methods have been changed many times in the history of the Church. Our present methods are no more sacred than those that preceded them.

,. . Christian unity is not an impossibility. Jesus does not ask of us impossibilities. Jesus prayed for unity,..

The Church is the biggest organization in the world today to preserve that for which Christ gave His life.

2

Student

SUGGESTIONS CRITICISMS The Church has had the persistent 'i'he Church has been too satisfied capacity to rediscover Christ. with the "status quo."

*' *' *' * '*' «0 Jesus is the contemporary of each The Church has kept a historical generation. museum rather than a living zoo. «0 '*' *' *' *' *' The personal and the social gospel Our denominationalism is immoral are identicaL ancestor worship of church fathers.

'*' … '" To Jesus the Kingdom of God We generally choose corruption meant everything. rather than crucifixion. * ~ *' * * $ If you have the Word of God, get It is not easier for the average sec- up and give it. retary or bishop to be a Christian *** than for a camel to go through the Be willing to go to smash for the eye of a needle!

program of Jesus. '" «- '"

* * '" "You can not grow in here" has The Church, having cut out mam- been the attitude of the Church to- monism, will find fellowship with ward growing minds.

laborers, outcasts, and youth. * '*' '*'

*** I believe in missionary enterprise "Our Father" should grow to in- not so much to Christianize heathen volve a consciousness of aU mankind. but Christianize Christianity.

*** '" '*' «- Truth must be incarnated. Seek conscious and intelligent re- * * '" bellion against things as they are.

We can not be a Christian Church * • *'

and a pagan government. Christianity is a religion of the *** minority which they have tried to Our goal is a better world here and force upon the majority and thereby now-the Kingdom of God on earth. cor,rupted.

*** We have molded our Christianity The Church of Christ has always been a youth movement. to sanction everything we do. * to * *** We seek not only freedom from Our religion is not teaching repent- creed but freedom to build. ance for the significant sins of West- *** ern life.

We must make it better for people *** not to be born than born feeble- It is the responsibility of youth to minded. give to the Church what no one else *** can give-fearless, honest criticism.

Have a project Christianity. * *' * '" «- «- Some constructive criticism can be An open mind is a wonderful thing done best with an ax.

to let lciooe in the world. Our present method in the Church «- «- «- Can we use the Church Y Can we is no more sacred than each method lL~e Niagara Falls Y which has preceded.

178

Foreign Nlissions at a Standstill?

BY REV. HARRY A. RHODES, D.D., SEOUL, KOREA Professor in Ohosen Christian College T HIS question is written large over the present world situation regarding the progress of missions in foreign lands. Reluc- tantly we must consider the question and hesitate to presume too much, even on our faith. As we glance back over the centuries the progress of the Christian movement looks to have been steady. As a matter of fact, that progress often has been interrupted. Whether or not it will be interrupted during the present decade will be answered differently by different missionary and church leaders. In connection with the question there are certain conditions that ought to be considered.

Economically, at least, and probably for other reasons, the Christian peoples. of Europe are not as able to carryon the missionary propaganda as aggressively as they were before the war. In North America, on the contrary, many are more able but seem to be less willing. Mission boards are carrying on their work under the burden of huge deficits. 'While there is more money and people have employment and more luxuries than ever before, yet the mission work of the Church lags. The missionary zeal seems to be cooling at a time when missionary education has been carried to a high degree of efficiency. More missionaries than ever speak before their home constituencies. The number enrolled in mission study classes grows larger and the output of mission literature is greater. Yet the Church is marking time in the greatest of all causes which can claim its attention.

This seems to show that missionary information and favorable economic conditions are in themselves not sufficient to keep the mission fires burning. We must realize anew the hopeless condition of the world without Christ. If the so-called Christian nations can scarcely be saved, what will become of the others 7 In so far as Christian people share the feeling that the non-Christian religions are good enough for their adherents, we cannot expect the Church to be very zealous in proclaiming Christ and His Gospel as the only Way.

Another condition that militates against progress in missions is that hopes for union and cooperation are not being realized either on the mission field or in the home land. Even in mission lands we must admit that the Church is becoming more and more denominationalized. Union, movements in institutional work are not as popular as they used to be. Controversies in the Church are dividing Christian people into different camps. The result is a decreased emphasis on evangelism. The increases in membership in the home church are not so great; the attention of the Church is centered 179

upon itself, upon things disruptive, and the zeal to bring others into the Kingdom cools. The failure of the Interchurch W orId Movement has left us wondering whether or not the Protestant forces of the Church ever will be able to unite effectively in accomplishing its great task.

This lack of unity and cooperation is further seen in the fact that, after a hundred years of activity in missions, there seems to be less agreement than ever on mission fields as to the basic principles and methods of a missionary science. The general assent to the proposition that the business of the Church is "to preach the Gospel, " "to make Christ known," is rendered meaningless because there is such a divergence of opinion as to just what kinds of missionary work fulfil the conditions of preaching the Gospel.

Such problems as the use of foreign mission funds to support the Church on the mission field, missionary education, the place of social service and industrial training produce many opinions and the result is confusion among the secretaries, among missionaries and among native leaders. These and other forms of missionary work may be made effective if we stress sufficiently the main objective as saving the world through Christ by means of a spiritual dynamic and the revealed Word of God. But too often this objective is lost sight of in the mission machinery that has been set going.

Is missionary work less effective today because it is less direct in its real objective? If so, larger appropriations, more workers, and more varied forms of work will not bring the desired results. A greater unanimity as to basic things among missions working in the same country would be in the interest of progress and would be less confusing to native church leaders.

Again, the situation between nations, between races, and especially between the so-called Christian and the non-Christian nations is such that we cannot be surprised if the Christian movement is checked temporarily. In all the activities of life we are brought into closest contact with each other. Christian peoples are finding it difficult to live at close range, the Christianity they have been preaching at long range. The success of a group of missionaries depends not only upon how well they can practice what they preach but also upon how well it is being practiced by their own nationals in political, commercial, industrial, social, and racial relationships. The argument that "the missionaries are needed at home" has more the appearance of being valid today than ever before. In former years the doors in mission lands were closed because of prejudice based on ignorance; now they are being closed because of prejudice based on knowledge. Christianity is judged by the lives of those who live it and non-Christian peoples are inclined to judge it by the failures of those who profess it and do not live it, and by the actions of llon- Christians who come from the so-called Chr~stian lands.

AN8WERE,D PRAYER IN BELGIUM

Two things should be said in conclusion. One is that the progress of the world-wide Christian movement cannot be stopped. Humanly speaking it might die out as other religions have doue. But Christianity is of divine origin and if our present-day type has become too much adulterated, it will be purified, and the program of Christ in its world-wide implications will then be carried out. If we of this generation should fail it would be the worse for us, but Christ will not be defeated in His purpose of love for the world.

But a temporary halt in the progress of world-wide evangelization need not to be interpreted necessarily as failure. We may have been too insistent on quick results because of the effect it would have on the home church in getting more funds and more workers. With unlimited spiritual forces on our side we can well afford to be patient and stand still for a time if need be, without relaxing one whit in our zeal and determination to press on as soon as possible.

Answered Prayer in Belgium Mrs. Ralph Norton of the Belgian Gospel Mission records, with gratitude, the following explicit answers to prayer in the year 1925: PRAYERS ANSWERS 1. In March-for an evangelist to Providential appearance of Mr. take charge of an important post that Jung, a Swiss pastor. had been made vacant. Mistakes aVQided. Voluntary su- 2. In March-for guidance in re- pervision by a convert, a builder by modelling headquarters building. profession.

3. In March-for superintendent Miss May B. White sent Qut. for girls' dormitory. Recovery of Mr. Norton, Miss 4. In March-restoration of health White, Mrs. Teenwissin, Pierre Van of workers. Steenbergh and others.

5. In March-for a house in St. Suitable building dedicated Decem- Nicholas. ber 6th.

6. In June-for a strong, spiritual Installation of Pastor Mayer of pastor for Antwerp. Holland on November 1st. .

7. In August-For blessing on Gospel motor car loaned and large summer work. results came from the tour in new dis- tricts. 8. For money to purchase two itinerating gospel cars. In NQvember, the two cars under construction. 9. For new car for headquarters to replace the old Hudson. Provided for by spontaneous gift Qf friend in America. 10. For more new workers. Nine have joined the staff and nine 11. For $5,500 a month for mainte- others have begun to prepare in the nance. Training SchoQL 12. For conversions and for streng- Gifts sufficient for every need. thening converts. Hundreds Qf conversiQns and new PQwer evidenced in the Christians.

Endeavor in Mission

BY REV. FRANCIS E. CLARK, D.D., LL.D., BOSTON, MASS.

VERY early in the history of Ohristian Endeavor it came to be a recognized missionary agency in many lands, and its peculiar adaptability to the needs of those just emerging from heathenism was admitted. The societies rapidly grew in numbers and individual strength in all these countries, until now there are over 1,200 societies in Ohina, more than 2,000 in India, some 250 in Japan, some hundreds in the South Sea Islands, and smaller contingents in all the lands to which American or British missionaries have gone.

Some of the most notable conventions in the history of the movement have been held in non-Ohristian lands. But the chief educational and training value of the societies is not found in the conventions, important as they are, but in the quiet, obscure, every-day work of the individual societies, large and small. In these they learn to confess their Master, to pray in public, and to perform any tasks that the Ohurch needs to have done, as do the young people in the home lands. They have also, peculiar opportunities for service which the Endeavorers at home seldom enjoy. In 1896 I happened to be in India when the terrible bubonic plague raged. Bombay was half deserted, and it was said that 400,000 people had fled the city. The surroundings of the railway station were thronged with poor coolies who sometimes waited for days to get a chance to board the fourth-class cars. Noone knew how the plague was carried, until at length it was discovered that fleas carried by rats bore the plague from house to house, and a premium was put upon killing the rats. Whereupon the Endeavorers formed themselves into "Rat Tail Oommittees," for the destruction of the rodents. In order to prove their faithfulness to their duties they had to carry the tails of all the rats they killed, to the government authorities.

Experience has proved that when no church can be formed, or even a Sunday-school, in tiny village communities, little societies of Ohristian Endeavor can be formed. In these, without the aid of a 'missionary or native Ohristian worker, the converts, just out of heathendom, can meet together, talk about Ohristian themes, read the Bible if any of them can read, and pray together. These little group societies serve at least the purpose of a little candle shining in the darkness of non-Ohristian faiths.

The Ohristian fellowship developed by the unions large and small is greatly prized, and is itself a training school in cooperative, unified Ohristianity, while it tends to diminish the sectarian reproach so often thrown at Protestantism, for in these unions all Ameriean and British mission boards are represented save one or two.

182

Movements in South

MISS FLOREl'NOE E. SMITH, SANTIAGO, CHILE Missionary of the Presbyterian Church with U. S. A.

T HE need for a forward social movement has existed for cen- turies in South America, but for centuries the continent it- self did not realize it. When the first Congress on Christian Work in Latin America was held in Panama in 1916, national social forward movements could scarcely have been said to exist. The succeeding decade, however, has seen a widespread awakening of national social conscience. The consideration of these movements had a large place in the Montevideo Congress' last April.

One of the most prolific causes of poverty, illiteracy, illegitmacy, inebriety and all the other offspring of social evil is found in the unequal distribution of land in these great countries of the south. One class has all the land, all the wealth, and all the prestige, while another class has been held since colonial times in a bondage which amounts to slavery. The great haciendas or farms in Chile and Argentine cover thousands of acres and are owned by a comparatively few rich men who live luxuriously in the capital, spending the wealth which flows into their coffers from the labor of the inq'uilinos or peons, who are practically slaves. As Professor Ross says: "From the Rio Grande, all along the West Coast to Cape Horn, free agricultural labor, as we know it, does not exist."

The peon is given a hovel and a small piece of ground to cultivate, but for this privilege he must pay the owner in work. He is paid an infinitesimal sum with which he must buy supplies for his daily needs from his landlord at disproportionate prices. He must also sell his products to the same landlord under similar conditions. As a logical sequence debt follows, with practical slavery. In some countries these debts are transferrable in case of sale, so tha,t the poor peon is tied to the lapd with small hope of escape. In one country the extent of a farm is measured not in acres but in "hands." The owner, however, may dismiss these workmen at his pleasure.

Such a system can exist only where there is widespread ignorance, and it is not to be wondered at that land-owners with no social consciousness should try to maintain the status quo. Schools, newspapers, contacts with the city, lectures or missions-in fact any agency which tends to educate and extend the horizons of this submerged class-do not enter into his program. In Chile there is a law obliging any landowner on whose estate there are twenty children of school age to establish and maintain a school but, like so many other good laws on our statute books, it is a dead letter.

Indications of the dawning of a better day, however, are not 183

lacking. Agitators for equal rights have penetrated even the moun- tain fastnesses of the cordillera, and strikes among the inquilinos in the south of Chile are serving notice to social exploiters that not forever may any portion of mankind be fettered.

The sons and daughters of these laborers do not remain on the farm. They drift to the towns and cities, and as they have had no education and know no trade, they form that shifting population which is always a menace. Even the homes which they establish are transient relationships with first one woman and then another. After a few months or years she is left with her offspring to get a living as best she may, or to form another temporary relationship as convenience dictates. What wonder that beggars abound in our streets, that venereal diseases are gaining a frightful ascendancy and that the infant mortality in these countries is the highest in the worldT Immigration also presents its problems in Latin America. As the older civilizations are closing their doors to the stranger, these countries, rich and broad, afford an attractive future. The United States and Canada are beginning to discriminate, Australia already says "No admittance." Where then shall the excess popUlations of Europe and the Orient go ~ There is only South Africa and South America. In Brazil, Uruguay and Argentine the problem of caring for immigrants is already becoming acute. Brazil has some 50,000 Japanese on her coffee plantations, and more continue to arrive. Peru has thousands of Japanese in her rice and cotton fields, and the mixture of Oriental and Peruvian blood is forming a new race on the ·West Coast. Argentine alone has seen more than 200,000 immigrants arrive in one year. During 1901-1919, she received 1,764,103, the major part coming from Italy, Spain, France and Germany. Between 1906 and 1919, Brazil received 1,915,813 immigrants, principally Portuguese, Spanish and Italian, although there was also a substantial quota of Russians, Germans, Japanese, Turks and Austrians. Today Buenos Aires is a larger Italian city than Rome. Brazil has more than 2,000,000 people of Italian descent, and more than 300,000 of German blood, the latter having congregated mostly in the State of Rio Grande do SuI.'"

As education has gradually permeated all classes of society and a middle class has slowly emerged, bound neither to the soil nor to the reigning oligarchy, many existing conditions have been found intolerable, and almost imperceptibly at first, but none the less surely, these social forward movements have taken shape and gathered momentum until today they are forces to be reckoned with by presidents, parliaments and populace. Let us glance at four which are outstanding.

• "Social Movement. in South America" (page 12).

So.CIAL MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH AMERICA

THE TEMPERANOE MOVEMENT Chile's great central valley may be said to be one continuous vineyard, and this fertile source of income has made her not only one of the chief wine-producing countries of the world, but has given her the sad preeminence of being one of the most drunken.

. Many of the largest vineyards and wine bodegas are said to be owned by the Church. Patriotic citizens have not been slow to perceive where this commerce is leading the nations, and the Tem- perance Movement has therefore been one of the first concerted social efforts, particularly in Chile and Uruguay. In Chile there are four well-established and active organizations, of national initia- tive and membership, which are combating the drink evil with con- siderable success. A" dry zone" has been established in Punta Arenas, Chile's most southerly port, and within the past few weeks another one has been proclaimed in Valparaiso's most notorious red-light district. The Federation of Labor prohibits absolutely the sale of liquors in a.ny of .its centres, and on various occasions men belonging to this body have refused to unload boats bringing in large quantities of liquor. Instruction as to the noxious effects of alcohol is being given in the public schools, and public lectures in theatres and halls.

Experiments are being made to discover other profitable uses to which the land now used for vineyards may be dedicated. In all these efforts, President Alessandri has afforded active cooperation.

In Argentine, the temperance movement began in 1903 with the establishment of the Anti-Alcoholic Argentine League by Dr. Do- mingo Cabred, and in 1916 the People's Anti-Alcoholic League was started by the People's Atheneum. The Government has confined its intervention to a high tariff.

There is reason to hope that Uruguay may be the first South American country to pass an effective dry law. Some of the leaders in this movement are persons of outstanding social prestige, and a Young People's League, composed of both young men and women, is doing active propaganda, not only in the large cities, but all through the republic.

In Peru, a National Temperance Society was formed in 1912, and thanks to its efforts a law was recently passed which prohibits the sale of intoxicants from Saturday to Monday. This Society is responsible for the statement that in Lima there is a saloon for every nineteen families, but a public school for every 1,025! .

In Brazil, in spite of efforts made by prominent Brazilians and others, the temperance movement as yet has not taken root.

The Pan-American Union, at its meeting in Santiago in 1923, made the following recommendations: 1. A system of progressive imposts on the tariff and sale of alcoholic liquors; of hygienic and sanitary measures, fines and penalties tending to restrain fraud in their fabrication and sale.

2. Measures which shall consider the establishment in public school and high schools of obligatory courses in hygiene, physiology and temperance, so illustrated that they shall show graphically the consequences of using alcoholic beverages.

3. A study of the influence of alcohol on nutrition. 4. A restriction in the use of alcoholic liquors through the closing of saloons on feast days, and the prohibition of their sale in the vicinity of' schools, shops and military and naval establishments.

THE FEMINIST MOVEMENT In 1916 there could scarcely be said to exist in South America any feminist movement. The first activities of women were limited to works of benevolence in connection with the Church, which has carried on a large charitable work through its orphanages and asylums. During the war Red Cross activities claimed their attention and developed their initiative; and soon the great infant mortality in all these countries brought forth an effort to counteract it through milk stations, creches, baby campaigns, et.c., which have reached a surprising development in most of the large cities. rrhey do much in the way of alleviation and something in the way of education, but so long as hygienic conditions remain as they are, their work will not diminish in the near future.

One of the first struggles to establish the position of woman outside of the home in South America was in Argentine in 1904, when the authorities refused to admit women to the Medical School of the University. In that year a Feminist Centre was organized by Dr. Elvira Rawson de Dellepiane, where lectures were given on child hygiene to working-women. In 1911 another physician, Dr. •Julieta Lanteri Renshaw, founded a League of Rights for Women and Children, from which organization came the initiative which resulted in the American Child Congress in Buenos Aires in 1913, with later meetings in Montevideo (1919), Rio de Janeiro (1922) and Santiago (1924).

Today all the women's organizations in Argentine, whetber of beneficent, religious or social character, are affiliated in the National Council of Women, which is doing a fine work in the development of the women all over the country. There is also a Mothers' Club which tries to better conditions and educate the mothers in the care of their children. For several years there has been held annually in Buenos Aires a Baby Week under the efficient care of Mrs. Ernest Nelson.

In Chile, women's activities have developed around a cultural basis in four different strata of society: The National Council of Women, which unfortunately in Chile is not a federation but a single organization among professional women; the Club de Senoras (Women's Club) an aristocratic and more or less conservative group under the particular patronage of the Archbishop; the Feminine

SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH AMERICA

Civic Party, representing middle-class women; and the Federation of Working-Women, which has its organization devoted to social betterment. It is curious that the conservative group are most vociferous in claiming "votes for Women," but the others see in this a menace of clerical control and are slow to join forces.

The Pan-American Congress, held in Santiago in 1923, presented the following resolutions: Resolved, to Recommend to the Governments of this Continent the revision of their civil legislation with the object of modifying such provisions as do not correspond to the actual cultural conditions of the American woman, and which subject them to unjust inequalities before the law because • of their sex. (Minutes of P. A. Congress, p. 289, Art. 3, Resolutions.) As in Argentine, the struggle for equal rights for women began in Uruguay with the claiming of a doctor's degree by a woman. In 1908 Srta. Paulina Luisi received the first degree given to a woman in her country. She founded, in 1916, a National Council of Women, a federation of all the women's organizations in Uruguay, which is in turn affiliated with the International Council of Women, with headquarters in Holland. Uruguay is the first (and only) South American country to grant divorce, and these laws favor the woman in every instance.

In Brazil, Peru, Bolivia and Paraguay, feminist movements of various sorts have been inaugurated, but are still in their infancy.

According to Encina, a Chilean author, his countrywomen-and the same would hold true of the women in other parts of the continent -are superior to the men of their class because they have not dissipated their strength in riotous living. The male adolescent begins "seeing life" at fourteen, and by the time he reaches real manhood he is too often diseased and exhausted. The women are naturally intelligent, and when given educational advantages they are often brilliant. Only of recent years is the idea permeating society that woman can do anything but bear children and serve her lord and master in a man-made world. But as will be seen by the foregoing, the bonds are snapping, and South American men will have to look well to their laurels as women invade the professions and begin to interest themselves in politics.

THE ORGANIZED LABOR MOVEMENT Spain stamped upon her colonies in the new world the old belief that three fourths of the world was born to serve the other fourth. The conquistadores called the Indians whom they impressed into their service "pieces" and in the concept of the aristocratic governing classes, "pieces" are still those who toil and serve. Nevertheless it is impossible to sit on the lid of a volcano indefinitely, and in Chile and Uruguay, at least, warning is being served that it is time to get off and hie to a safer place.

Uruguay undoubtedly leads among South American nations in the number of her legislators and public men who study industrial conditions and seek their amelioration. She was among the first to ratify the International Conventions of Labor approved in the Conventions at Washington, Genoa and Geneva respectively. Her first Labor Law (against Accidents) was passed in 1914, and in 1920 an Indemnization Law, applicable to laborers of whatever class, was passed, whose provisions are far more generous than that of any other S. A. country. Uruguay was four years ahead of the United States in adopting the eight-hour working-day, and this law applies not only to industrial workers, but also to employees in trains, street cars, banks, hotels, etc. In 1918 a law was passed mak~g chairs for employees obligatory in shops, offices and factories. In the same year they passed a law controlling night work in bakeries and macaroni and candy factories. In 1919 they passed a Pension Law for the Aged which stands beside the English Law as one of the leading provisions of this sort in the world. In 1920 a law was passed granting a weekly rest-day even to domestics.

In Chile the working-man's pot is boiling furiously and quite frequently it boils over, as is wi.tnessed by the two days' general strike in Santiago the first of November, when for a time it was doubtful whether it would stop at a strike or develop into a real revolution. Communist doctrines have permeated the people to such an extent that a Communist candidate ran for President in the last elections, and the big strike was called because he was defeated. The Federation of Labor was organized in 1909, and represents some 250 trades unions and 300,000 members, comprising 90% of the workers in the eoal mines, 70% of those in the nitrate districts, and 10% of the farm-hands on the big estates in the south. This Federation has a printing-press, a daily paper and one hundred day and night schools.

The situation in Brazil is particularly complicated, owing to the diversity among the working elements and the large percentage of foreigners. In Sao Paulo a third of the population is Italian, and there are some twelve other groups, including Russians, Irish and Japanese. Brazil keeps an open door for the immigrant and tries to provide him work without oppression or hostility. There can scarcely be said to exist as yet in Brazil an organized labor movement.

In Peru there have been many local attempts at organization, but most of them have been tempestuous and short-lived. Factories, railway and maritime men have separate organizations, and latterly a Regional Federation of Indians has been formed, which claims to represent 4,000,000, but not being as yet well-organized, it does little more than complain against abuses, of which in truth there are a plenty.

SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH AMERICA

STUDENT MOVEMENTS One of the most interesting social movements in South America, and to a North American mind one of the queerest, is the Student Movement. The first one originated in the University of Oordova, Argentine, and concerned certain university reforms. In these southern universities there is no university life as we understand it, centering about the campus, sports and social gatherings. Teachers are not resident professors, but men who come and go to their classes, and who have almost no real contact with their students. There are no student dormitories nor inter-university matches. The students live where they can and go and come as they like, attending classes when they see fit, and cramming during the last two months of the year to make up for negligence at other times. So instead of having these interests to bind them together, they coneern themselves with the management of their university and political questions of the day. When anything occurs which they do not like, such ati? the removal of a favorite teacher, or the installing of an unpopular one, they make what is known as a "manifestation" of discontent. They refuse to attend classes, and instead march through the streets with banners and mottoes setting forth their complaints and ideas. In Argentine, Peru and Ohile they have acquired such strength that they must be reckoned with. A few years ago, when the Papal Nuncio came to Ohile to collect certain proceeds from the sale of Ohilean properties it was the students who obliged. him to leave without his spoils; and quite recently, in Peru, when' the Peruvian Government wished to dedicate the nation solemnly to the patronage of the Sacred Heart, it was the students, making common cause with the working classes, who obliged it to desist. There is great sympathy between these two somewhat incongruous classes, the students and the laborers. In many places, it is the students who are carrying on night-schools for working-men, doing both the teaching and the bearing of expenses of rents, etc. They sometimes combine forces in strikes and other manifestations to help each attain its ends. For the most part they are irreligious if not actively antireligious. Having seen so many abuses committed in the name of religion, they heartily despise everything which is tinged with ecclesiasticism. But they are the hope of these young nations, and are quick to respond to reality in whatever form.

"VHAT PARTICIPATION IN OR INFLUENCE OVER THESE MOVEMENTS HAS THE EVANGELICAL OHURCH IN SOUTH AMERICA~ This question may be answered by two monosyllables ap-parently contradictory-none and great. Of definite organized participation in these social forward movements, there has been practically none. Every. Evangelical Ohurch is a temperance organization in itself, and all its members (at least in Chile) are total abstainers; but they have

taken no part in the National Temperance Movement. Evangelical laborers belong to their trades-unions, but usually take no active part. Few women in our churches even know of the existence of feminist organizations. The reasons are not far to seek: 1. The Evangelical Church has been born and nourished in en- forced obscurity, owing to the persecution of which she has been the object since her conception-a persecution insidious and tenacious, and none the less real for being oblique.

2. "Not many great, not many noble" are among her members; they are learners rather than leaders.

3. Political conditions are so corrupt and the average new be- liever is still so weak on his legs that he does not covet a struggle. Drinking, vote-selling and other vices abound, and he prefers to keep away from them.

4. Church members have been inclined to consider themselves a privileged group rather than one with social responsibilities.

The Evangelical Church in Brazil is an exception to these con- ditions.. Having long since outgrown the period of persecution, which perhaps was never so fanatical there as in other parts of South America, she has grown constantly in strength and influence, and many of her leaders are men of education, social prestige and in- fluence.

But, contradictory as it may seem, the Evangelical Church in South America, even where it is weakest, has had great influence- ~ none the less great for having been indirect. No group of people in any land can consistently practice and teach sobriety, industry, purity, equality among the sexes and veracity, without exerting an enormous influence.

1. The Evangelical Church in S. A. has stimulated and purified the State Church. Wherever an evangelical chapel or school has been opened in a neglected district, immediately the Catholic Church has hastened toi tend the needs of that district. It has been literallv compelled to put the Bible into the hands of its people, in order t~ compete with what they are pleased to call the "fraudulent Bibles" of the Evangelicals. The Pope has now ordained that the gospels shall be read. It is an open secret that the recent youth movements in the Catholic Church in these countries are copies of the activities of the Young Men and Young Women's Christian Associations, and designed to counteract them. At a notable meeting during the Eucharistic Conference held in Santiago some three years ago, Bishop Edwards, one of Chile's most progressive and honored ecclesiastics, publicly stated that the pure lives of evangelical ministers were a re- proach to Catholic priests.

2. It has permeated all classes of societies through its schools. The graduates of Mackenzie College, Ward Institute, Santiago Col- lege, the Instituto Ingles and many other similar institutions for

SOCIAL MOVEMENTS iN SOUTH AMERICA

young men and women of upper and middle-class families, are known everywhere as "different." When social movements are set on foot, they are ready to lead. It is impossible to estimate the social possi- bilities in the future of the thousands of boys and girls who pass through mission schools of primary and secondary grade all over this continent.

3. It is establishing new forms of conduct. Evangelical work- men and employees are desired and sought out. They do not lose two days to recover from a drunken bout on Sunday. 'J'hey can be trusted. They respect womanhood and follow the single standard of pure living. .

But this is not saying that the Evangelical Church in South America has not a still greater work to do. There is no doubt that it has tended to be too timid and self-centered in the past. It is only now beginning to acquire a national social consciousness. There is a great future before it. South America needs leadership. It is stretching out eager hands toward great human causes. Look at these thousands of students, young, virile, strong to make or mar themselves and the future. Look at her leading intellectuals who have drifted far from any form of religious faith because the old moorings have proved unstable. Look at her hundreds of thousands of working-men and women, clamant for life, for rights, for priv- ileges which are their due, but of which they have been despoiled so long. The State Church, in all these countries, has, to a great extent lost her grip on these elements. They can no longer be coerced-they must be won. They carmot be longer frightened by threats of eternal perdition. They have lived in hell too long to fear anything which they believe to be unreal.

It is a great task: who is sufficient for it 7 Only the Spirit of God and those whom He shall empower.

REV. ALVARO REIS OF BRAZIL BRAZILIAN Protestantism recently suffered a great loss in the death of the Rev. Alvaro Reis who was for twenty-eight years pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Rio de Janeiro. He was a man of intense evangelistic fervor, a pulpit orator of the first rank, a religious journalist, and a prolific author. The esteem in which he was held by the public was shown by the secular press for the Rio dailies published long articles, accompanied by his portrait, praising his character in the highest terms.

The fruit of Mr. Reis' labors is shown in the thousands of Brazilians who were won to Christ through his ministry. He also founded a score or more of churches and chapels in Rio and its suburbs. He was a moving spirit in many enterprises, and he was one of the outstanding evangelical Christian leaders in South America.

Challenge of Mexican

BY REV. EDWIN R. BROWN, LOS ANGELES, CALIF()R,NIA The American Baptist Home Mrission Society STRAIGHT into the faces of American Christians is fiung a chal- lenge that cannot be ignored. It is the challenge of Mexican im- migration to the Christian churches in the United States. While American Protestant churches have been very active in sending out missionaries these same churches have viewed with seeming indifference the arrival of immense multitudes of Mexicans who have come within their very doors.

During the past fifteen years of revolution, no less than ji,ve million Mexicans have come into the United States, and of these, some two million have returned to Mexico. Each year now, from fifty to ninety thousand come north across the border so that today there are over three million Mexicans in the United States, scattered from the border northeast to Chicago and beyond. The labor vacuum in the industrial centers of the northeast, caused by the restrictive immigration laws, has sucked the Mexican from the border as it has the Negro from the South. The tip of the wave of Mexican immigration reaches as far north as Detroit and as far east as Pittsburgh. Naturally the points of greatest density are nearest the border where Texas, New Mexico, Ari'zona, and California have immense quotas. Los Angeles, for instance, has 125,000 Mexicans, with 20,000 Mexican children enrolled in the city's public schools.

Here is the amazing spectacle of vast multitudes of unevangelized people living in the very shadows of the most missionary churches of the world. The barriers of language, color, and customs keep them from entering the church doors of their adopted land, but they are basically a religious people, reverent, warm-hearted, eagersouled, and willing to learn. In their own country they have never had the opportunity to advance. The Bible has been denied them and they have been fed instead on fables and superstitions, idle tales and immoral examples.

Now they find themselves in the land of the free, with old inhibitions and limitations suddenly removed, and their minds and hearts and souls open to the impact of the new, the strange, and the different. They present one of the richest missionary opportunities the Christian churches of the United States have ever known. Wonderful harvests can be reaped from the sowing of gospel seed among them. One denomination, for instance, which has merely been playing at evangelizing these Mexicans, with a budget of a paltry $30,000 a year for work among three million people, nevertheless reports a 192

1926J THE CILU,LENGE OF MBxlOAN IMMIGRAT!ON

A MEXICAN PROTESTANT CHURCH IN THE MAKING tenfold increase in membership in seven years, and an increase in – the number of preaching stations from nine to over sixty.

Less helpful propagandists have been more quick to recognize the opportunity. Socialism, the I. W. W. and Communism find a ready soil for their seed among the Mexicans in our country, while atheism and irreligion find eager listeners in these new comers. It is a common thing to hear a soap-box orator speaking in Spanish to the Mexicans on our streets, call the Bible" the most brutalizing, the most degrading, and the most immoral of books," and counselling the Mexican laborers, whose" hands produce all this wealth, to rise up, kill off the rich and take possession of the wealth you have created." Meanwhile the churches of America, if perchance, they have seen these Mexicans at all, have looked upon them with indifference, if not with disdain.

Not only do the rich results of gospel preaching among the Mexicans in our country, and the remarkable opportunity they present, challenge us American Christians, but we must evangelize them if we are to prevent American institutions from falling under the power of an alien hierarchy. In the state of New Mexico, seventy-five percent of the inhabitants are of Mexican blood, and the legislature carries- on its proceedings in both Spanish and English. Money from the state treasury is used to support Catholic schools and other institutions, and Roman nuns in conventional garb teach in the public 3

schools. Throughout the Southwest there are many areas where it cannot be said that the Mexican is a stranger, but rather that the Anglo-Saxon American is the stranger in his own country.

The existence of a very decided "los von Rom" moveI;llent among the Mexicans also presents a thrilling challenge to evangelical churches. For three hundred years the development of the Mexican people was throttled by the hand of Rome. Then came a hundred years of revolution during which the Spanish yoke was first thrown off, and then the power of Rome was broken.

Out of all the disorder there has arisen a new national conscious- ness which within the past few months is seeking to express itself in the organization of an independent religious movement to correct the evils of Romanism, while retaining the papal form of worship and doctrine. A Mexican has been chosen as the patriarchal head of the new church, which calls itself The Mexican Catholic Apostolic Church with the Bible as its rule of faith and practice, and proposes to spend in Mexico for religious education the eighty million pesos a year or,dinarily sent to Rome. The movement has obtained many supporters and is favored by the present government officials. Its leaders are looking for help, and evangelical denominations in the U. S. should send some of their strongest Mexican preachers to guide their countrymen into the full gospel light.

The same causes have made the Mexican immigrants in the United States open to the Gospel as never before. D'eeply and instinctively religious, yet keen in their rebellious criticism of the religion of their fathers, they are first amazed at the outward evidence or the strength of Protestantism in this new land, and then are genuinely eager' to learn the truth of the teaching against which they had been so often warned in their own country by their religious leaders. So as the Bible is placed in their hands, or they are touched by the more or less feeble contacts the evangelical churches have thus far been able to make, they become eager to hear more, and from every city and town in the Southwest come Macedonian cries for help. Every Mexican colony is an open door for the Gospel and a challenge to the evangelical churches. Already, as a result of past seed-sowing, the harvest is ripening faster than we are prepared to care for it, and everywhere there are groups of believers awaiting the coming of a missionary to more fully instruct them in the Gospel of Christ.

But these Mexican immigrants are also a challenge of danger. They are furnishing a very large proportion of the criminals of the Southwest. In a new and strange atmosphere, and confounding liberty with license, and without any restraint from their former religious experiences, it is but a natural consequence that lawbreaking is excessively frequent among them. In' our border states from fifty to ninety per cent of criminals in the jails and penitentiaries are Mexicans. This is a tremendous challenge to American Christianity,

THE CHALLENGE OF MEXICAN IMMIGRATION

for the evangelization of the Mexican is the only way to prevent their committing crimes. Without the moral restraints of evangelical Christianity the Mexican. in our midst is a menace and a liability. But the Mexican converted and living the Christian life is an asset socially, politically, and economically. Even from the standpoint of patriotism we can do no greater service for our country than to evangelize the Mexican immigrants.

The challenge to evangelize these Mexican immigrants is also the challenge of our duty to future generations. The Mexicans are a prolific race, and in the United States under more hygienic conditions and with ready aid from free clinics, infant mortality is gr~atly TYPICAL MEXICAN EVANGELICAL MINISTERS IN THE SOUTHWEST reduced. So while the average American family has about one and a half children, the Mexican family will have anywhere from five to fifteen children. By evangelizing the Mexicans in the States we make possible the training of the rising generation under Christian influences that will help to perpetuate Ohristian institutions and national ideals.

By evangelizing these Mexican immigrants' we also contribute directly to the evangelization of Mexico itself, for many of them return to their own country for visits or permanently. Does the returning Mexican take back to his own country the influences of the highest Protestant culture, or does he return saturated with the immoral ideals of low movies 1 The question challenges the evangelical churches of America.

Christians north of the border need the same missionary zeal

that inspired one Mexican Christian I know. With his daughter, he drove in a Ford one Sunday to a neighboring construction camp on the railroad where there were a number of Mexicans. There he asked the use of a little church not far from the camp, that he might hold a Mexican service. His request was refused by those who had control of the church because there was a rule that no other denomination could use the building except for funerals. The .Mexican brother was not of that communion and returned to the railroad camp thinking that that church was dead enough to hold its own funeral. Undiscouraged, he enlisted the help of some of the men who cleaned out a freight car, arranged boxes for seats and gathered twenty-five Mexican laborers in to hear the Gospel. When the invitation was given, eleven of the Mexicans made public profession of faith in Christ. When the railroad work was finished and the camp broke up, many of these men went back to Mexico, and during the year that followed, six of the eleven wrote to say that they were attending evangelical churches in Mexico.

The Mexican who has returned from the States is a hero in his village. He has been everywhere and seen everything. He no longer believes the tales he has been told about the Protestants, and even becomes a greater authority than the village priest. One young man told me that he had come to the United States seeking gold, but now that he had found Christ he was going back to give to his people that which was better than money. Most of the Mexicans who accept the Gospel are filled with an apostolic missionary zeal, and send letters, tracts and gospels back to Mexico to win friends to Christ.

There is also a challenge to our evangelical churches to use their influence for the betterment of international relations. Those who have seen Americans and,Mexicans united at the feet of the Saviour of the world, fully understand that the most effective way to improve interracial feelings is through the preaching of the Gospel.

How long will American Christians remain indifferent to this striking challenge of the three million Mexicans in our land ~ rrhey present a harvest field white and ready for the reaping-and a few scattered workers with poor equipment like a tiny hand sickle making pretense of gathering in the sheaves r Wtl should get out the checkbook of missionary zeal, and drawing upon the illimitable funds of faith, purchase great harvesters, man them with adequate forces, and send them forth to reap where seed already sown is bringing forth among the Mexicans, some thirty, some sixty, and some a hundred fold. Suitable tracts in Spanish should be prepared and every worker willing to serve as an unpaid colporteur, in connection with other duties, should be provided with unlimited supplies of tracts, gospels, New Testaments, and Bibles in Spanish. Every Mexican in our land who can read should have an opportunity to study for himself the gospel story of the Christ who died to save the lost.

a Church of God in

BY N. W. TAYLOR, OAXACA, MEXICO T HE morning was bright, the sun shining down from almost a cloudless sky, as we made an early start from home in order to reach our destination before the heat of the day began.

Leaving the train at 'l'lalpan we passed through the village, pick- ing our way through the busy market, for even at this early hour the merchants had their wares spread about the square. In Mexico the law calls for all but provision stores to be closed on Sunday and so the merchants betake them- selves to the streets where they can trade undisturbed. The law is in- tended to protect the employee, not to preserve the Sabbath.

Shortly after leaving the town we entered the lava area. On all sides we could see outcI'oppings of the lava and some distance to one side is an old pyramid about which the molten lava had flowed, rising upwards as though to overwhelm it, but having spent itself, flowed on, leaving a ring around it as an evidellce of its power and volume.

About nine thirty we neared the village of San Andres, with its new church which our congrega- tion is building. There it stood with its white-roofed tower reflect- ing the morning sun, clearly visible gN~1~i>r. ~ ~~6'ERE~1l'~SHAO: DJ~~ for miles around, a silent testi- ~~uR~lkC~Al~!~:Iii'b :JiJ~Dki~ B~0 mony to God. For many years the FOR PICTURE people of this church were, like many other congregations, content t.o go on without making headway. '1'hen came an overwhelming catastrophe which, under the hand of God, "worked together for good." In the revolution the church was destroyed and the people were driven out of the village and scattered far and wide. Returning a few months later they found most of their houses in ruins and the church burned to the ground. Like Nehemiah of old they wept as they looked upon the ruins and were in despair. Then they decided that something must be done and as they planned apparently their vieio!). grew. They were few in number but decided to bllild a church ll7

that would bring glory to God. It must be large enough to accom- modate the increase which they were sure God was going to give. It must be substantially built and fireproof so that . no recurring revolution could destroy it. What an undertaking for a band of twenty to twenty-five Christian Indians! It would cost thousands of pesos and the daily income of most of them is figured in centavos.

They had no outside backing, for not even the mission was asked to help. But God was with them.

The day we visited the church the Sunday-school lesson was on the rebuilding of the temple, and we were told that when they laid the corner stone of their new church, scenes similar to those of Ezra's day accompanied the ceremony.

The young people rejoiced, whilst the· older ones wept. Today the church stands out upon the hillside as a monument to God. Finished ¥ No! But in six years no less than eight thousand pesos ($4,000) have been put into the building materials by these people who have them- selves done the work. When they first discovered how much they must pay for labor, they hired a bricklayer for four days and all the men of the congregation stood around and watched him work. At the end of four days they felt com- petent to continue the work them- selves and so dismissed the man.

A CHURCH OF WHICH ANY COMMUNITY Into the building have gone twenty- five tons of lime and sixteen thou- MIGHT BE PROUD sand brick, all of which had to be carried up the mountain side on mule back. The whole building is constructed of brick and stone and when completed the only wood in it will be for platform, shutters and furniture. With its white-roofed tower this is a building of which any congregation might feel proud. Near the top of the tower have been left some small windows from which at night will shine a white light, to speak to the country-side of "Christ the Light of the world."

At the conclusion of the morning service we went to visit one of the elders who was ill. We had to stoop to enter the door of the adobe hut into which the only light that entered came from holes left under the eaves. 'Vhen our eyes became more accustomed to the darkness we noticed that the walls were unplastered and un- adorned save for several crude plows, which were hung there for safety. On a wooden pallet, wrapped up in several serapes, lay the old

TODAY IN MEXICO

man. His wife sat at his head fanning him to keep away the flies. Very feebly he took our hands and bade us welcome. As we talked about the new church his face lighted up, and although weak in body, yet he showed his strong faith that God will accomplish His purposes through it. He has been the most active worker and the most liberal giver. He might have had as good a house as any in the district but he chose rather to build God's house. As I compared the two the thought came to me, "Without realizing it, he is building a house 'not made with hands, eternal in the heavens.' "

At a recent service nine hundred pesos were pledged by the members, towards the completion of the church. This means real sacrifice on the part of these people.

Pray for the work in Mexico. It is a land of darkness and superstition which can be dispelled only by the Gospel of Christ. As its neighbor, the Christian people of America have a special responsibility towar~s Mexico.

Today in Mexico* BY RE,V. G. B. WINTON, D.l).

Author of "Mexico Today"

M EXICO is one country in which today changes into tomorrow with terrifying swiftness. The constitution of 1917 has orig- . inated more than the usual measure of storm and stress. The effort to codify and enforce that constitution has gone on now during three administrations-those of Carranza, Obregon, and Calles-along with the universal popular upheaval of which it was the symbol and expression. This has profoundly altered the political and economic status of our sister republic and its influence is now reaching out also into the realm of religion.

Touching first the political side-which is of international as well as national significance-.all doubt as to the triumph of those forces which expressed themselves ten years ago, first in armed conflict and later in a new constitution, may as well be finally laid aside. A powerful group in Mexico, few in numbers but wealthy and intelligent, cooperated with equally potent influences in the United States to throw doubt upon the stability of the new order of things-"the revolution" as the Mexicans call it, always in the singular. And it was just that, the rising up of the mass of the Mexican people to assert their right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Many of the leaders were inefficient, many unworthy. The people themselves were and are far from ready for the responsibilities entailed by self-government. It was essentially a revolt of the weak against t.he st.rong. Yet despite all theSe handicaps it has proved to be a • Condensed from The Missicnary Voice.

rising tide which nothing could stop. Calles is loyal to the underlying principles of the revolution and is an able administrator.

As to the economic status-some provisions of the new constitution bear hard on vested capital. rrhey have aroused especially the hostility of the oil men and the large landholders. The Mexican Government has proceeded slowly and cautiously. When a statute covering the difficult demands of the organic law is put into force, through court proceedings with due penalties of law, we may expect other loud complainings from those whose interests are involved.

As concerns the religious question, the constitution of 1917 merely retained and clarified the principles embodied in that of 1857. It demands complete separation of Church and state, including the undivided control by the state of public education. It denies to churches the right to hold property in real estate. It prohibits religious ceremonials on the streets, the wearing of distinctive dress, the existence of religious orders, the ministrations of foreign priests. This last,' and some details as to primary education, are added in the new constitution.

If some of these provisions are drastic it must be recalled that the national disease for which they were meant to be,an antidote was a mortal sickness. Nothing short of heroic measures of just this type could have won the continued existence of anything approaching free institutions in the stern days of Gomez Farias and Benito Juarez. These laws are retained by the patriotic leaders of Mexico for reasons that seem to them absolutely final.

Hitherto missionary work has not been hampered by any of these reform laws. The Mexican governments that have upheld them have taken pains to make it known that they were not hostile to the Christian religion. As a matter of fact, Protestant teachings are so harmonious with liberty and Protestants have been so uniformly patriotic that the recent governments have secretly looked upon them as allies in their battle against reaction and privilege.

Ifow that fifty years of labor have resulted in a vigorous native Church, feeling its way toward a state of autonomy, the bearing of the provisions of the constitution in regard to the work of foreign missionaries and the control of church property is up for discussion and adjustment. Mexican churches and their leaders, both lay and clerical, are not exempt from the prevailing spirit of nationalism. They look forward eagerly to the day when they shall be completely independent. With their worthy desire, their cherished ambition, we can all sympathize. The intelligent missionary, in any country, is ever intent on making himself unnecessary.

The transition period is one which calls for mnch wisdom, and even more for a spirit of entire abnegation. Native churches that would be self-directing must also learn to be self-supporting. No church Call be at QUce ip.dependent ap.d dependent.

the Chinese Think of

Exhibits in the Case for and against China's .Attit1~de BY ARTHUR RUGH, SHANGHAI, CHINA International Y. M. C. A.

I s CHINA becoming anti-Christian~ I think not-but she needs to be shown the value of Christianity and is not very greatly im- pressed with present evidence of the power of the Christian religion to change the life of its professed followers.

If a man opens a new store these days in China he calls it "The New Love-Your-Country store." If religion or anything else is to appeal to China now it must show how it will help to make a nation strong. We may be able to prove that the Bible is inspired and the Christian religion is of superhuman origin .but the Chinese patriot does not see what that has to do with tariff autonomy and the rule of the war lords. Consequently he is not interested. China is not just now interested in the philosophy of religion and its literature.

China longs for national power" as blind men long for light." The Chinese are interested in religion only if it shows effectiveness in producing the conditions of national power. As· the Apostle Paul said to the Corinthians: "I will come and find out not what your talk proves but what your power amounts to, for God's sign does not show itself in talk but in power." China is much inclined to follow this Pauline test of religion.

In the case for or against China as becoming anti-Christian, may I submit some evidence: EXHIBIT A From resolutions adopted by the Seventh Annual Convention of the National Student Union, July, 1925.

Since the unequal treaties were signed, Christianity has absorbed millions of Chinese and Missions Schools are established everywhere. In Mission Schools they compel students to accept Christianity and join the church. 'rheir students are not allowed to participate in patriotic movements. They make the students read the hypocritical creeds of "universal love and social service of Jesus" so as to chloroform their thoughts. The Y. M. C. A. and the church with materialistic welfare induce people to accept Christianity. They smuggle ammunition and help stir up internal trouble in the country. The Y. M. C. A. constantly uses athletics and popular education to do evangelistic work so as to smother the political thoughts of the youth.

Student unions everywhere should continuously inform the public of the evils of the Christian Church and of Christian education. We should also explain to the public the insidious plan for cultural invasion employed by the Imperialists.

201

EXHIBIT B Vote taken by a class in a school in Peking, by J. L. Childs: Yes No 1. Religion has outlived its usefulness and should be given up as harmful to society. …………………… 12 23 2. Communism. will solve the economic problems of the world. ………………………………….. 30 11 3. China will be better off if she cultivates the friendship of Russia rather than of other eastern powers. ….. 14 27 4. Interracial ma.rriages are bad and should be avoided. .. 17 24 5. The people of the white race have the greatest capacity for government of any people in the world. ……. 25 17 6. The Chinese people are more intelligent than the people of other nations. ………………. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 10 EXHIBIT C From 170 replies to the qu.estion of a Peking magazine on how to improv.e the Church.

1. Shatter denominationalism. 2. Put the authority on Chinese shoulders. 3. Let the Church promote industry and found savings institutioDl!. 4. Get rid of capitalism. and class distinctions. 5. Use scientific methods in preaching. 6. In evangelism! teach truth bearing on society and the nation. 7. Cooperate with other agencies in social work. 8. Respect foreign missionaries who come to serve; send the arrogant ones home. 9. Make all religious education and service in mission schools elective and voluntary. 10. The church should oppose unequal treaties.

EXHIBIT D Discussion of the Church in China by a group of Chinese students representing six colleges mostly Christian. Date: July 2, 1925, soon after the Shanghai incident of May 30th.

Question: If you were starting a new church in your community, what would it be like 1 Answer: It would be of Chinese architecture, use Chinese music, have a Chinese orchestra, have a regular church service with a short sermon and more time for meditation. Would have day and night schools and lectures on social and political problems.

Question: If a foreign missionary were available to help you in the church, of what help could he be?

Answer: Alter considerable effort-He could give advice and teach English in the night school. He should not hold any office in the church or try to influence its policy.

Question: If the missionary Board offered $2,000 to the church, how could you use it?

Answer: We could not employ the pastor or any teach"r or worker with it without hurting their influence. We should not build the church with it. We could use it for a school building.

WHAT THE CHINESE THINK OF CHRISTIANITY

EXHIBIT E Questions handed in by a medical student at the close of a meet- ing of students in Mukden.

1. Can a scientific man believe in miracles? 2. Is prayer superstitious Y 3. Are the parts of the Bible outside of Jesus' teachings any different from other good literatUJI'e Y 4. What was your motive in coming to China' 5. Should a Christian student lend his bicycle to a friend who can't ride and would break it Y When these questions were answered he said, "I am satisfied with your answers, but the preacher in our town just says: 'If you believe in Jesus, you will go to heaven and if you don't, you will go to hell,' and I didn't see why my intellectual conclusions should settle my eternal future even if they are wrong."

EXHIBIT F From the record of a Bible class in a government college.

1. Three sessions spent on the Sermon on the Mount ending with the question of turning the other cheek.

2. Class broken up by members who forbid any further teaching in their school of the doctrine of love and forgiveness saying that it is a trick of the missionary who is sent out by his government to teach China to be easy and soft so she can be further exploited. What China needs is the will to fight like Turkey.

3. Class resumes work to study the solution of China's problem by force. After three months' study the conclusion is reached that moral character is at the root of every problem. What will remake characterY Education.-A week spent on that solution and given up as inadequate.

4. Class goes back to the Sermon on the Mount and is on the road to :fj.nding a solution when the event of May 30th breaks up the class and closes the school.

EXHIBIT G Interview with a Shantung missionary just in from a two weeks' itinerating trip.

Question: Did you find much anti-foreign feeling' Answer: None whatever. The greatest friendliness every- ,,·here. The only trouble was too many feasts. Question: Were you welcomed as a foreign preacher ¥ Answer: Everywhere. The mayor of one town stopped us as we passed through his town and asked why we went to other towns and never came to preach to them. Question: Did the people seem excited about unequal treaties and extra-territoriality? Answer: They never mentioned the subjects. As far as I could see their chief interests were the price of rice, the danger of war and whether we would open a school or church in their town.

THE VERDICT The Jury decides that it can not reach a final decision because China has not yet decided whether or no she is anti-Christian.

China wants more evidence on the following points: 1. What is a Christian nation? Is it a nation that talks love and the square deal and then grabs as much as its military force makes it possible to graM 2. What is a Christian Chu,rch? Is it an organization of folks to propagate Occidental beliefs and organizations over the world by the aid of the capitalist and the militaristic governments ~ 3. What is a Christian? Is he a man who believes something which he can't understand and is anxious to get you to do the same, or is he a man who is being changed into a character of loving sacri- ficial service by his experience of Christ and who would gladly share this experience with you ~ China wants evidence on these· three points and then she will de- cide. Not one man in fifty in China knows the answer to these three questions, and we in America do not help them much. We have been having such a hard time financially! There are several families in nearly every state in the Union that do not have a car and there are many families that have only one, so that we have had to withdraw much support for the missionaries and the church in China. So China waits for evidence and is perplexed. You can not blame a lay- man for not knowing whether he' is for or against the Einstein theory if he does not know what it is or where it came from. There is no sense in America being greatly wrought up over China's anti-Chris- tian attitude while the average American Christian spends more in a week for gasoline than he spends in a year to help win China for Christ. Whether China goes anti-Christian or 110t is going to be settled not in China but in the wills and purses of the Christians of America. • The Anti-Christian Movement in China ..

BY DR. C. Y. CHENG, SHANGHAI, CHINA Secretary of the China Home Missionary Society F OR nearly two thousand years the birth of Jesus Christ has been a cause for world-wide rejoicing. Both high and low have welcomed His coming. There is, however, an eternal conflict between right and wrong, light and darkness, good and evil. The advent of Jesus was no exception. His coming was welcomed by many but at the same time He was also hated by the ruling class.

China today has a share in celebrating this universal event. NOT is the commemoration of December 25th each Year confinE;ld ;merely • Outline of article appearing in s!",oial Chlna-for-Chrlst Bu.lletin,

'rHE AN'rl-CHRISTIAN MOV8MENT IN CHINA

to Christian Ileople; many non-Christians are aware of the reason for this celebration.

This year those who oppose Christianity are seeking to deliver a special attack on Christians at the Christmas season. The National Student Union has passed resolutions looking to a special Christmas drive against the Christian religion. In one sense this is unfortu- nate, yet it is quite in keeping with the events of the first Christmas time, when Jesus and His parents were obliged to flee for their lives.

The eternal COllflict is still going on and with ever-increasing intensity.

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO AND Now Twenty-five years ago the Ohristian Ohurch in Ohina was faced by a severe Anti-Ohristian Movement. Many Christians lost their lives for their faith. Those who thus suffered included both Ohinese and foreigners. Our hearts are saddened as we recall the dark days of 1900 and the after effect upon the nation.

At the present time the Anti-Ohristian Movement is spreading all over the country. Ohristianity is charged with all sorts of crimes. l:"-nything it does is regarded as harmful to Ohina's best interests. Many are beginning to hate and to despise us and are determined to put an end to Ohristianity.

There is, however, a great difference between these two attacks. 'fhel former was due largely to ignorance of Ohristianity; the latter is based on some knowledge of it. The Boxer outbreak was led by the conservative and ignorant; the present attack by the educated and intelligent classes.

Opposition to Jesus Ohrist is not new. He was opposed by men of his own time. His own life was taken.

Persecution of Ohristians is not new. The history of the Ohristian Ohurch is full of evidences of such conflict.

Oharges brought forward against the Ohristian religion are not new. Many of the charges today are old and in importation from the West.

Ohristians need not be alarmed or dismayed. Many criticize the moon for its defects but the moon shines still.

While some have had their faith weakened and lost their love as a result of the present anti-Christian propaganda yet in the main this propaganda is a blessing in disguise.

It is delivering many of us from self-complaceny in imagining that we have all that is surest and best while others are heading toward destruction and darkness.

It is purifying much of our thinking. There can be no organiza- Eon in the world, not even organized Ohristianity, that is entirely perfect. Hence the Ohristian Ohurch needed a Luther or a Wesley to effect a reformation. The present Anti-Ohristian Movement may be an instrument in the hand of God for the correction of His children.

It is helping us seek the true picture of Jesus Christ in place of one which may have been distorted and defaced by traditions, rituals, dogmatic statements, etc.

CONCENTRATED ATTAOK AND How TO MEET IT The Anti-Christian Movement is not an organization but a movement. It has no one at its head and no organization to direct its work. Its attack on Christianity, therefore, is varied and some- what confusing. Of late it is becoming more definite, concrete and concentrated. Christian education seems to be the central point of attack and Christmas the appointed time.

The attack so far is of an intellectual character, but when the ignorant masses join hands with the educated there is no telling what may happen. Christians are called forth to watch and pray for spir- itual preparedness so as to enable us to stand firm no matter what eventuality overtakes us.

There are at least three classes of people in the Anti-Christian Movement. They need to be met in three different ways. There are those who are prejudiced, who oppose anything Christians do, whether it is good, bad or indifferent. Such persons should simply be ignored. Argument with them can serve no good purpose.

There are those who are misinformed. Many oppose Chris- tianity because of misunderstanding, such as Christianity's seeming connection with foreign political aggression. To such people an ex- planation of the true facts should be patiently given.

There are those who are seeking after truth. Such persons have often laid their finger on the weak spots of the Christian religion. To these friends we should be grateful for helping the Church to turn over a new leaf.

It is not enough to know how to meet the opposition. We must be true to our religious convictions. To a Christian his religion is a matter of life and death importance.

Have faith in God. Christianity is founded on a rock. No 'antireligious storm, however strong, can shake it.

Be true to Christ. Do not desert Him as did His disciples of old at a time when they were needed.

Show forth the spirit of Christ in meeting the opposing foe. Let us strengthen our spiritual life and let the world know how courageous we Christians are. The anti-Christians are active for a destructive purpose; Christians likewise should be active but for a constructive program.

Polycarp, the second-century saint and martyr, before he laid down his life for the sake of his belief, said, "I have served Jesus all these years and He has done me no wrong. I cannot desert Him now."

A distinction should be made between Christianity and Christ i

PROTE8TANT MISSIONS AS SEEN BY A TURK

between the teachings of Jesus and the theology of the Church; between the Head of the religion and its members. It is hardly possible for Christianity to free itself entirely from organization and tradition, but if the spiritual nature of Christianity is always kept as the matter of first importance, its future is exceedingly hopeful.

Christianity is congenial to the people of the Orient; even more so than to the people of the West. Surely it should no longer be regarded as foreign. Jesus has done us no wrong. We must stand by Him to the very last.

SUCCESS IN FAILURE The writer of the Epistle to the Hebrews, in summing up the daring deeds of God's faithful ones in history, pictured the success of their faith in two ways, namely, success in victory and success in defeat. (Success in victory, Hebrews 11: 33-35, Success in defeat, Hebrews 11: 35-38). Yet he regarded both as success. It is the success of the spirit. What is needed today is also this spiritual success.

Jesus said that if He were lifted up he would draw aU men unto Himself. Nearly two thousand years have passed and we have not yet seen the fulfihnent of these words. Why is this 1 Either He is unable to draw or He has not been lifted up. The Church has been busy most of the time. It is very much to be feared that many other things have been lifted up rather than Jesus.

, Jesus is still challenging His people today. China at the present time resembles a house that is tumbling down. It requires that all its citizens should come and lend a helping hand to save the nation from destruction. All are to help, We Christians offer Jesus Christ as our best contribution to the nation's salvation. We must stand firm in the most important and glorious task and see to its successful issue.

Protestant Missions as Seen by a Turk· The following is a translation of portions of an unsigned article of striking interest that recently appeared in the Turkish daily, "DjumhOttriet," of Constantinople.

W E HAVE from the first been suspicious of this benevolent, religious, charitable, rich Christian Society that with such boldness stretches out its hands to the Turks. We are much afraid that while they may give us. one, they will take five from us. rt is more than sixty years since this Society has been establishing, in Constantinople, in Roumeli Hissar and Arnaoutkeuy, and in some of the Anatolian vilayets, branches, each under the name of a school. But since the time and circumstances were not very favorable to a • From The MM8wna.r:JI Hera.l4, Boston (December),

propaganda, their energies, especially among Moslem Turks, were very limited. But now, taking advantage of the opportunity given by the freedom resulting from the separation of religion and govern- ment, these zealous Protestants, like marauders, who make away with goods under cover of a tumult, have got the better of us, and are clinging on like crabs.

First they get people to love them, and then they make them novices in their order. Their schools are each a tekyej there the great needs of Jesus (Hazret-i-Isa) are sung. The persuasive abilities of the members of this Society, both men and women, are so great that, like ants caught in a spider's web, people cannot again be rescued from their hands. The greatest secret of their success is love.

The Protestant Young Christians begin with example and lead up to rule; they go from the concrete to the abstract; and this sort of propaganda is much more fatal. They do not proclaim the principles of Protestantism-nay, they do not even talk about religion; but by their attitude, their actions, their manners, by the compassion they show to animals, by the help they give to the poor, by loving what is good, by mercy to the unfortunate, they try to show the loftiness of their religion. The number of innocent Turkish children eaptured by these charms is constantly increasing, and these children are becoming each an American Protestant-nay more, not only a Protestant, but a missionary.

A religious festival, when it assumes the character of a soiree, pleases everybody. Every year they celebrate the Christmas festival in their schools in such an attractive way, that we have witnessed in Shishli, in some well-known families with which we are well acquainted, a celebration of Christmas in the same way and with the same religious rites as it is celebrated by Christians. Nor is it only in Constantinople. We have heard one of the teachers tell about the Christmas festival as observed in the Brousa American School which has been quietly operating there for thirty or forty years past; and our heart was cut to pieces (parcha parcha oldou). 'rhe celebration described took place two years ago; and doubtless it has been going· on thus year by year from the beginlling.

In the Brousa American School, which has not a single foreign student in it, the Christmas celebration is carried on for the Turkish children. Yet nothing is said about religion-oh, no!

We must awake from our sleep, and we must tell these self-invited guests of ours to desist from this ill-considered ambition of theirs. We are much impressed by the news that they are going to open libraries in ,Anatolia, and start clubs; and it is reported that they are going to send to their own institutions in America ten young Turks. We are afraid they are thus going to hit us with our own weapons. A little sagacity! A little caution!

@ @ ~."w…B.,"E_.S<TNtiM~E'"T"Hb"O..,D-"S,,"'* '

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBURG BLDG., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Shall the Church take intD aCCDunt the EvanstDn Student CDnference in planning its methDds 'Of wDrk Y In 'Our satisfactiDn with an unchanging message, shall we 'Overlook the necessity fDr frequent changes in. methDd?

The interpretatiDns 'Of the Evanston CDnference, as Vlewed frDm the flDDr, the gallery and the platform, are filled with suggestiDns as t'O methDds 'Of WDrk, the value 'Of which will be apparent tD thDse WhD read wisely.

A secDnd reading 'Of the practical methDds in the February REVIEW will be suggestive tD leaders. They were written befDre the EvanstDn c'Onference and withDut any reference tD it but in the light 'Of its discussiDns and findings they have new meaning.

SOME STUDENT REAOTIONS the place in sDciety which it is de- manding. AGNES SAILER, The knDwledge 'Of what my 'Own student generatiDn is thinking and (Vassar College, 1926).

feeling was the greatest thing I * ' ' ' "

brDught hDme frDm EvanstDn. I was The value 'Of the Evanston con- profDundly impressed with the energy ference t'O the Church and the world of my fellDw-students in their demand will manifest itself, not tDday nor fDr pDwer and expressiDn. I was alsD tDmorrDW in whirlwind enthusiasm impressed with their lack 'Of kn'Owl- fr'Om the students, but will be seen edge as tD the meaning 'Of religiDn thrDugh a periDd 'Of many years. At and the Church, their lack 'Of CDn- the cDnference the students saw the victiDn 'On religiDus questiDns and pDssibility 'Of having a mDre effective their lack 'Of infDrmatiDn 'On SDcial KingdDm-building Church. They saw issues. The gathering presented, tD 'OPpDrtunities 'Of service within the my mind, a tremendDus challenge tD Church and shDwed little of the spirit the Church to interpret and demDn- 'Of remDving themselves from it.

strate Christianity in terms that shall Out 'Of that cDnference, which rep- appeal tD students. It challenged the resented the spirit 'Of the church-gDing Church tD set abDut rectifying its YDuth of the CDuntry, there came the glaring defects, mDst 'Of all th'Ose aris- dynamic urge fDr unity upDn which ing frDm the disunity 'Of denDmi- a real interdenDminatiDnalism can be natiDnalism, if it would h'Old the built. There came, alsD, a feeling 'Of SuppDrt 'Of its yDunger members. It high regard fDr the Orientals in their certainly challenged the students tD native lands. YDuth, bDth fDreign and unceasing effDrt in self-educatiDn and American, sees the danger 'Of taking scientific study as a necessary pre- the trappings 'Of Western civilizatiDn requisite to their determining the as a part 'Of the missionary enterprise.

value and pDssibilities 'Of the Church, TD the individual student it meant and the relatiDn it shDuld have tD the turning pDint tDward different sDcial mDvements. It 'Opened up fields lines 'Of thDUght, a new emphasis in fDr endless research and it shDwed the reading material, and an interest in fearful danger in mere "yDung the Church as it deals with the perti- blDDd" which has not fitted itself fDr nent prDblems befDre it. The student 209 4

became more than ever convinced that societies in one organization; (3) the Church cannot longer be com- students would like to see missionary placent in a world which is struggling activities dissociated from Western to solve the vital social questions civilization and used as an inter- which confront it. change of Christian ideas between the CECIL HEADRICK, home and foreign "fields. .

(Southwestern College, Winfield, Kansas). The significance for the world lies.

'" " " in the fact that the students accepted The hopeful side of the conference the Church as the social conscience consisted in this, that students not and a crusader who should right all limited by strong denominationalism, social wrongs. DOROTHY DYAR, and believing in an open and frank (Union Theological Seminary, New evolution of the Church, are seeking York).

to aid the Church to find the Christ- I< " …

way solution to the complex problems The mere fact that such an interof today. The dangerous side of the denominational conference could occonference consisted in the fact that cur must win for it a significant place students, with a woeful lack of factual in the history of a social program of knowledge of the history, the pu.rpose, . church cooperation. and the problems of the Church, de- A second genuine contribution was sire to create church unity in outward the reemphasis on the effectiveness of organization before the Church is the educational approach to the great unified in spirit and fellowship and to problems which vex our society today. bring about reforms by resolutions The high point of this conference was and legislation before the individuals found, not in its inspirational in that group are converted disciples speeches nor its beautiful resolutions, but in the determination of those who of Jesus Christ. attended to investigate conscientious- ARTHUR JOHNSON, (President of the Lutheran Stndents As· ly the facts of the questions which sociation of America). perplex us and to bring their findings to the attention of their campuses. '* II< '* The significant things for the stu- Those who attended came to realize dent appeared in the facts that (1) that a :few hundred students meeting they found themselves conservative in over a brief period could, after all, comparison to many of their elders; focus only a comparatively small force (2) they failed to face up to the func- on our social ills. Their agreement tion of the Church, insisting only as to a cooperative, systematic, educaupon action in the fields of war, race tional program through the young and industry; and (3) they found people's division of our churches, their most pressing needs to be tapped a great new reservoir of power knowledge of the facts and experi- in affecting public opinion. On immentation in Christian living. portant subjects it may soon be pos- The significant things for the sible to present a uniform program Church lay in the following: (1) It simultaneously before all the student has not successfully brought its at- groups in America! It is to the task tempts, hopes and activities to the of making such cooperative work attention 01 the students; (2) students possible that the Continuation Comare impatient with denominationalism mittee of the conference is dedicated. and a creedal basis of church member- This group deserves the earnest ship but they insist upon the unique prayers of every thoughtful Chrispersonality of Christ as the center of tian. Protestant union and as the leader- RALPH F. BARTON, (University of Missouri).

ship for solution of individual and '" * * social problems. They are willing to The Interdenominational Student forward church 'Unity by attempting Conference has passed but those who to unite all Christian young people's actively participated in its creative

J926] BEST METHODS

thinking or were in sympathy with criticisms of organized Christianity its spirit feel that something unique in the West and of its missionary came into being and that a spirit was activities throughout the non-christian there which will not die until it has world. Some of these indictments are reached the farthest corners of the vague and unfair, but others hit at earth. the very heart of real weakness and For the first time in the history of bring into question the validity of America Christian students, under Christianity's missionary objective.

their own leaders, came together as The rising generation of church mem~ a group to discuss problems peculiar bers is now demanding that we con- to itself. To students the conference fess and correct every wrong aim, was of value, because it gave that practice, and attitude in our mis- group a consciousness of reaching out sionary programs. Otherwise they into untried fields, of pioneering along cannot, and will not, commit them- rugged ways, and of plunging into selves with enthusiasm to the mis- new depths. sionary cause.

Who can estimate all that the in- How fatal it if. then to try to fluence of this conference will mean educate college students on missions to the Church and to the world? An before we allow ourselves to be earnest group of young men and educated by them on what foreign women have 'been challenged to see students-frequently non-christian the Church anew-in the light of a foreign students-are saying, and on youth movement which is trying to what our own students are thinking bring in a new social order. and saying in reply. They may not There is always the danger that know or appreciate the facts of mis- these students will lose their spirit sions or the tremendous contributions of youth and become bound down by and many commendable features of abstract theories, words, and resolu- present-day missions. Some of their tions. Progress will be made, how- demands for reform may be impracti- ever, as long as students are cable or may be nothing more than experimenting with Jesus' way of life what missionary and native church !ind thus strive to bring in the King- leaders have been struggling to realize dom of God. A. ANN SILVER, for some time. Nevertheless, they .. .. .. (Willamctte University, Salem, Oregon). represent the ideas of the coming generation of Christian church mem- WHAT NON-STUDENT DELEGATES bers and unless we present missions SAW AT EVANSTON so as to enlist their intelligent under- standing and cooperation now, the Those who are planning to present Christian enterprise, both at home and missions to college students from now 'abroad, will soon be paying the cost.

on would better read the Commission The Evanston delegates were not Report and Findings on this subject iconoclasts. While they revealed a emanating from the Evanston Con- restless passion for a fellowship with- ference. You will not find there many in the Church of believers more truly facts for the substance of your mes- committed to Jesus' way of life, as a sage, but you will get a very true matter of fact, they were not as understanding of what Christian stu- sweeping in their criticisms of the dents within the Church are thinking generally accepted interpretations of with reference to the methods and missions as I had expected or hoped.

objectives of Christian missions. How- While the missionary addresses were ever you may account for it, the on- disappointing, the Commission Report coming generation sincerely questions on missions was appreciative, forward the validity and future continuance of looking and in my judgment the finest foreign missions as now conducted. product of the conference. It con- They have been hearing all sorts of tained nothing, however, which better

educated volunteers have not known against the Church and missions, but and said ever since the Indianapolis whenever it seemed that steam was Convention. Fortunately, the new up in the boiler and something couraeducational processes within the Vol- geous was about to be done, some one unteer Movement and the recent arose and either suggested another political developments in China, ac- subject for discussion, so averting a companied by radical changes in mis- blow-up, or opened the safety exhaust sionary policies, have increased the by a perfectly harmless appeal for number of students who will be satis- continued loyalty to the Church as is. fied with nothing less than the most modern interpretations of missions, To the degree that the conference and by this I mean such interpreta- lacked positive spiritual conviction it tions as the indigenous Christian also lacked spiritual unity. On only leaders of so-called mission lands and one or two occasions did it manifest the more sympathetic and prophetic the power of united and sustained missionaries there heartily endorse. thinking. The passion of Paul to share Christ in an individual and At no point in the conference were mystic way found expression in more the majority of student delegates impersonal objective and humanienthusiastic about missions. The tarian concerns. In only one address reason may be traced, I believe, to was it suggested that the solution of their general ignorance of what mis- great economic and social problems sions have accomplished and more might call for courageous facing of especially to the absence of intel- individual problems first and for inlectual conviction of what Christ can dividual economic and social sacrifice mean, both to the individual and to to the point of the Cross. This tendthe world. The Jesus of William ency to look out, never in, to objectify Carey is not the Jesus of this student all their problems, and to limit thinkgeneration. As Dr. Albert Parker ing and proposed action to such Fitch pointed out in his summaries manners as can reasonably be atof the discussions again and again, tempted through the Church, con- "you do not know what you believe," stituted the chief weakness of the The essentials of the Christian faith, conference. the central and unique elements of MILTON STAUFFER, the Christian Gospel, the form and substance of religious experience, in- (Educational Secretary of the Student dividual and social, were either so Volunteer Movement for Foreign Mis· vague as to have little meaning for sions) . these students or so detached from personal experience as to possess little In my opinion the Evanston Conif any motivating power. It was the ference was very significant to the Church, not themselves, and not the students who were there, to the spiritual needs of the world that these Church, if it will answer their chalstudents met to consider. As a result lenge, and to the mission boards if the conference registered an intel- they will examine the report prepared lectual commitment to missions but by these students. not an enthusiastic personal commitment. That one thousand of our college youth gave up a half of their Christ- I must not be misunderstood at this mas vacation in order to evaluate the Church as the agency for bringing in point. The conference delegates never a new world order, was in itself a considered for a moment scrapping demonstration of no small significance. the missionary program of the Church Great earnestness and fearlessness any more than they were willing to characterized their wrestIings with scrap the Church itself. There were these problems. Discussions followed criticisms galore and innumberable platform presentations and occupied flashes of just and unjust indictments half the time. These were always

BEST METHODS

'lpirited and eager. Often a dozen or bent on knowing the truth about the twenty students were on their feet at Church and their duty. one time clamoring for the privileges of the fioor. Every point of view was C. G. HOUNSHELL, represented. (Secretary Board of Mlissions, Methodist The opening session was full of Episcopal Church, South). radical and challenging opinions, but the second and third days brought • *' *' out conservative and loyal expression from the body of this large group. Fi.rst and last and throughout the There was no doubt that the Church sessions, a sincere gratitude for such was the chosen agency in the minds a group. Fearless, honest, seeking of these students to do the work for but one goal, the Jesus Way of Life, bringing in the Kingdom of God. But they revealed a deep reverence and only a united Church could do it! earnestness of search in their devo- tional expression which have some- Their vision for the goal was clean times been dishearteningly absent in and logical, but they realized that the assemblies of their elders. they had little experience or reputation to effect a change from denomina- Secondly, an amazement at their tionalism to. organize unity. How- conservatism. One expected an iconoever, they felt they could make a start clastic outburst. One witnessed a fairwith the young people's organizations minded appraisal of what has been of and so voted that they immediately value in the development of the unite and promote a program which Church, and a determination to build would give them facts and experience on that foundation. The conviction both of which they recognized as be- grew. Not only is the future of the ing inadequate. Church safe in their hands but the past is also secure in their keeping. The Church is very blind if sbe does not follow this conference by a well Thirdly, a wistful seeking for an planned effort to see that the students institution through which to work out get hold of the facts and surveys .Jesus' teachings-individually, sowhich they desire and also the op- cially, nationally and internationally. portunity to "learn by doing, " which These students see the forces of evil might involve having a place in the united. They are convinced that a councils of the Church. Youth at divided Church cannot cope with this Evanston asks, " Is there any real united impact. Denominationalism reason why the Church should be a which is cooperative, which seeks only middle-aged institution run by the to bring its peculiar gifts to the en- richment of the whole, may hold the middle aged for the middle aged?" loyalty of this group for a period of How will the Church answer youth? transition to unity. But divisive, It would be disastrous to foster competitive denominationalism is prejudice, segregation and distrust be- anathema to them. Nothing but a tween youth and age within the united Church can channel their Church when the Church is the one sincere, burning passion to apply organization which can unite all of Christ to the needs of the world. life within its fold. "Mistakes ~ " Yes, there were mis- MRS. D. J. FLEMING, takes. But when was youth-or maturity either for that matter- (Representative of the Federation of ever wholly wise? They acknowl- Women's Boards of Foreign Missions edged and one clearly recognized the of North America). superficiality of much of their think- ing, due to their scattered and often *** misguided minds. They themselves emphasized their need of disciplined The most interesting student con- intelligence. One's optimism is based ference that I have ever seen. It was on the confidence that they will deall life. It was composed of a very velop an intellectual conscience equal fine body of students who seem to be

to their undeniable moral conscience. world when we have a divided Without their idealism and strong Church' How can we perpetuate young life the Church is doomed to provincial church groupings and ex- failure. They offer fresh eyes; an pect to achieve the brotherhood of open mind; and a passionate desire men? With the clarity of vision of to follow Jesus regardless of the those unafraid to assume that Christ cost. meant what He said, and to stake For want of these characteristics, their lives upon it, they call for a certain sections of the Church are united Church in deed and in action.

today perishing. For this young Christ could not tolerate war or any- generation, under God's guidance, thing that might lead to it. They one has no fears. For those in the have courage enough to decla,re their Church, so blind as to shut them out, agreement. Industrial relationships one's heart is sick with apprehension. continually flaunt themselves before MRS. CHARLES K. ROYS, an ineffective Church. These students (Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of are prepared to help the churches to Foreign Missions). bring the spiritual power of God into new helpfulness. *** It would be too tragic if the high Who shall know with wllat high vision of Evanston should be allowed hearts came youth to Evanston in the to die in student hearts. May there closing days. of the old year? No one be a greater readiness on the part of in the gallery who ever stands with age to give youth its share in the great ,reverent soul in the presence of God '8 adventure. Why force them to go it manifestations, could fail to bow as alone-or to travel in just the way be heard the voice of another genera- officials do , Would that the doors tion trying to utter its faith in su- of our churches, and our offices, and preme idealism. most of all our hearts, might be swung wide to allow this band with its new These students do not use the awareness of its ideals to inject fresh phrase that dominated the thinking life in worn channels. Take them inof the older groups in other days. to the reverend councils. Give them Not once did one hear of "the evan- tasks that will demand their utmost. gelization of the world in this genera- Satisfy their longing not only for tion. " But they are all on fire to more knowledge but for a real share make Jesus' way of life completely in the task. They would like to paint effective in modern society. There is for you the picture of the Christ they no less of real religious purpose, see and the God they love but it may whether mystical or practical or a be in colors that shock middle-aged combination of the two. They are sensibilities. not so much talking about saving souls as they are struggling to ex- If the sacred places of the Church press the conviction that those who are covered with the dust of long bear the name should really live the decayed ideas, let these eager students life. This is not quite the emphasis bring the wind of their high ideals of the social gospel, ably interpreted and see whether the appearance of by Dr. Rauschenbusch, but more the sanctity may be improved. Let us living contact of Jesus in the lives not force a man-made mold on youth. and affairs of men. This involves less Catch the contagion of its enthusiasm dogma in the Church and more loyalty for Christ '8 ideals and let them use to Jesus. new tools if they will in building the Church and in making the world the To the students, secta.rian dif- Kingdom of God. ferences, denominational lines, petty jealousies and rivalries between LESLIE B. Moss, church bodies, distrust and sllspicion, are all unworthy the spirit of the (Associate Secretary Foreign ]I.{issions Conference of North America). Christ. How can we hope for a united

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUtNLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK MILLSTONES posture is retained quite steadily from (Continued from February issue) twelve to fifteen hours a day, six or seven days a week, for three to six Fann Work weeks, depending on the acreage worked." A survey of the sugar beet fields of Colorado, Nebraska, Michigan, No part of the United States seems Kansas and Wisconsin showed hun- to be without child workers. In three dreds of children at work for long valleys of Washington and Oregon, hours, at thinning, topping, hoeing fruit and hops claim 1803 children and weeding. In one valley there under sixteen. The work is not very were 955 working children under six- hard, but the hours are long-ten teen, 303 of them from five to nine ho111's or more a day for many of years of age. (These were some of them. In one valley the children, who the children under ten, not counted in live there the year around, did not the census.) In another state there lose much school, for school ter:r:ls were 1,358 chIldren from five to SIX- were adjusted to the harvest. ChIlteen at this work. dren in the other two valleys, how- ever suffered a serious loss because Imagine any six-year-old whom you of the change in school terms and know working twelve hours a day. because of their migrations. That is what happens in the beet waCnadleifroinrgnia~hitoldor, enhas(vathrioouussalnydsestoi-f fields. The survey showed that some mated from 5,000 to 20,000), many go· of them averaged even thirteen or ing from crop to crop for nine months fourteen hours while one such baby of the year.. One eleven-year-old boy worked a fifteen-hour day for twenty- said that he had picked "grapefruit, four days. Some children even grapes, oranges, lemons, figs and younger and hundreds just a little olives" and was then "in cotton." older were doing the same kind of work. Besides these crops, work is done in prunes, hops, rice, apricots, almonds, It is done out-of-doors, but never- peaches, beans, rhubarb, potatoes, .theless many of the conditions of cherries, peas, asparagus, tomatoes, work have ~ bad effect on tbe chil- pears, apples, citrus, walnuts and dren. These a.re particularly pressure of work, hours, postures, physical beets. hazards and weather conditions. One "What is the matter?" inquired a little boy described the position for thinning and weeding as "jes' like visitor who saw a sleeping lad moving a dog." An official report says: "All his hands ceaselessly across the sheet, the weight .of the fore part of the body picking at it. The boy's mother anrests on the wrists and palms of the swered, "He does that sometimes hands. We saw wrists that were swol- when he's asleep. He thinks he is len and lame, hands that were sore, picking prunes. " cracked and full of dirt, and knees that were sore, cracked and calloused. Too Much "Vacation"

The face is necessarily very close to Families move from crop to crop the ground, and in many instances by every sort of conveyance. They becomes badlv burned about the fore- may camp in a wagon, in a tent, in head and eyes from the heat and light one of the numerous auto camps, or reflected from the ground. . " One in a truck-their only home, perhaps, thing must not be lost sight or-this for nine months of the year. How can 2Hi

these children ever get to school? The Des Moines, a survey showed that State of California is trying to help 837'0 of the boys had two living parthe situation by a new school law, but ents, and in some cases the parents did it is difficult. Schools have "crop Dot even know the boy was selling. vacation. " The school year may b~­ Reports from surveys of street trades gin on August first and five weeks in Boston, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, later be closed for prune picking. In Mobile, Toledo, St. Louis, Chicago, grape districts the closing will come Des Moines and Dallas reveal cona few weeks later. Consequently, as ditions of bad health, gambling, lack families move from crop to crop, the of schooling, thievery, juvenile dechildren go from vacation to vacation. linquency, crooked spines from heavy Sometimes when there is a school in loads, chronic over-fatigue from long session the children are not very wel- hours. A study of one city showed come. Imagine twenty to seventy that these boys, with their late and children of all ages, most of them re- long hours, had three times as much tarded in their studies, suddenly heart trouble as other boys, twice as dumped into a smoothly running much throat trouble, more than twice school, to stay a few weeks and then as much flat foot, and more of other move on. physical defects.

In Virginia we find children work- Not only physically, but morally ing on truck farms. They are em- street trades seem to be dangerous. ployed chiefly in harvesting but som~ In one city there were twenty-three help in preparation of the soil, plant- men employing boys in street trades. ing and cultivating. A twelve-year- Thirteen of these men had extensive old whose day was typical for thesr. criminal records. Statistics show that children plowed ten hours-from a large per cent of children in reform seven to noon, from one to six. One schools come from street trades. For quarter OIf the children who were instance, in forty-six reformatories of harvesting strawberries, beans and New York and Pennsylvania this peas were under ten years of age. amounted to anywhere from 63~1r, to Four fiftbs of them were under four- 777'0 of the inmates. teen. A quarter of the children missed over half of the school term. What 01' It?

Truck farms and small fruit keep These are a few of the facts of the children busy in Maryland, Pennsyl- way American children are working, vania, Delaware and New Jersey, too. not in one state or one section, but Most of them work ten hours or more throughout the United States. Over a day. The United States Children's a million children from ten to fifteen Bureau has studied similar work in years old are engaged in gainful oc- North Dakota, Michigan and else- cupations, plus many under ten, and where-finding much the same con- others who were not counted in the dition everywhere. census. Why do we allow this to go on7 Street Trades Children's Code CommissioIL~, No one knows how many children school laws, mothers' pensions, regaare working at street trades in the lation of work in local communities, United States-not the boys who own state child labor laws, a national child their own paper routes, but the wan- labor law-all have been suggested dering youngsters you can see on as helps in freeing the children from many city streets until late in the today's bondage of toil. Do you know night-bootblacks, newsboys, messen- the laws of your own State relatin6' ger boys, beggars, sellers of chewing to child labor' The Children's B11reau gum, pencils and so on. A newsboy is of the United States Department of proverbially supporting a widowed Labor, Washington, D. C. will send mother, but investigations reveal that this information on request. this is not true in many cases. In

WOMAN '8 HOME MISSION BULLETIN

We can find the facts, study pro- mean working for better child labor posed remedies, and help to put prae- or school attendance laws and adetical measures in operation. Facts quate provision for their enforcement. may be secured from loeal officials, It may involve the establishment of a and from state departments of labor, education and health, as well as from system of State aid for dependent the Children's Bureau at Washing- children to make it possible for them ton. to stay in school. It is likely to re- "There are no labor problems quire careful scrutiny of various canhere," said a group of women in a didates for election. And whatever small town. Whereupon one woman else we do, we can let other people proceeded to find out how true that know the facts and we can help creat.e statement was–and from week to the public opinion that will aboli<ili week surprising facts which she dis- child labor from the United States. covered appeared in church calendars and other places. Would people be Occupations of Children, 1920 CeJUlUIJ surprised to know that in your community there are-boys and girls em- Children Children ployed ~ Are they in occupations 10-15 10-13 which offer advancement or in "blind ye3.rs of age, years of age. alley" jobs f At what age do the chil- inclusive inclusive dren leave school? At what school grade T Must they have certificates to Agriculture, forestry, go to work? Do they have health ex- and animal hus· aminations Y What kind of citizens are you send- bandry ……… . 647,30'9 328,958 ing to other states? What kind are Extraction of minerthey sending to you 1 A set of stand- als . _.. _…… __ . 7,191 ards carefully worked out by people 647 who have been stUdying the needs of children has been published by the Manufacturing an d United States Children '8 Bureau. mechanical indus- Some of these are: tries ………. . 185,337 9,473 At least nine months of school attendance annually for children from seven to six· Transportation …. _ 18,912 1,899 teen. Trade ………… . 63,368 17,213 Age minimum of sixteen except for certain occupations in vacation periods. Public Service (not Prohibition of employment of minors in elsewhere classi- dangerous, unhelllthful or hazardous oc· cupations, or at work which will retard fied) ……….. . 1,130 153 their proper physical and moral develop· ment. Professional service. 3,465 621 Physical examination showing a child to be Domestic and per- of normal development and physically fit for the work at which he is to be em- sonal service ….. 54,00'6 12,172 ployed. Clerical occupations. 80',140' 6,927 Minors not to be employed over eight honrs a day or forty-four hours a week. Total ……… 1,0'60,858 378,0'63 No night work for minors. Prevalence of Child Labor, 1920 Census Cblldren 10 to 15 years of age in- clusive. engae::ed in Divisions of United States gainful occuoa.tions New England ……….. 59,239 Middle Atlantic ……… 131,541 East North Central ….. l()D,8D1 West North Central …. _ 57,90'6 South Atlantic ………. 273,981 East South Centl·al ….•. 221,342 West South Central …… 184,267 Mountain . _…… ___ . _. . 15,612 Pacific … _. __ . . . . . . . . . . 16,169 .A'sk the Children's Bureau to send United States …… _. . . . 1,0'60',858 you the whole set of Minimum Stand- Wh..t Will You Do About It?

ards for Children Entering Employ- "The children pass through the period of childhood but once, and ment and compare conditions in your their needs cannot be met with ten years hence. Next year it will be anlocality with these standards. . other group of children. There is an immediacy about a child welfare pro- It will not make much difference gram that exists with reference to no to the children that we know facts: otber. "-Grace Abbott.

unless we do something. This may EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY A TRADITION TO BE ESTAB- profit of about $4 a month in respect LISHED of each child. These children are fre- Compiled from Many Sources by quently most miserably housed and fed. They receive no money and JEAN GRIGSBY PAXTON When the history of the Christian their conditions of life are practically Church in China is written one of the those of slavery." most significant and dramatic chapters will undoubtedly be that which , 'Cotton Mills. Young children, describes the industrial situation and who are supposed to be working, but the way in which the Church, in the who have been overcome by fatigue beginning of its history as a national or who have taken advantage of the body, set itself to change these con- absence of adequate supervision, lie ditions. In sober earnest this young asleep in every corner, some in the Church faced the facts, disheartening open, others hidden in baskets under as they wer,e, recognized its responsi- a covering of raw cotton. The disbility for changing conditions and set cipline appears to be lax, and those in to work steadily and patiently but charge seem to wink at much that with high courage upon the task. goes on in this respect. The Commis- sion noticed that on its advent a And this task was no small one. warning whistle was given and many An adequate description of the in- of the children were awakened by dustrial world of China in the year their immediate neighbours and hur- 1922, or 1926 for that matter, can not ried back to the machines. The conbe given here. The one really official tract system of employment above dedocument on the subject ever pub- scribed is common.

lished, dealing however with only one "Silk Filatures. Nearly all the em- phase, that of child labor in the Inter- ployees in the silk filatures are women national Settlement of Shanghai, has and young girls. Generally speaking, been called hy a seasoned observer of one child is employed for every two labor conditions, the most melancholy adults. The children brush the cosocial document of history. The fol- coons and prepare them for the lowing brief ",,-uotations will serve to reelers by removing the waste and' so show why this ,report makes melan- exposing the silk thread. This opercholy reading: ation is performed over basins con- taining nearly boiling water with "The average earnings of a young which the fingers of the children frechild are unusually not more than quently and necessarily come in contwenty silver cents a day. The con- tact, thereby becoming roughened and tract system of employment is com- unsightly. mon. Under this system the native contractor supplies the requisite "Match Factories. Certain operalabour and is paid on production.

This system is obviously open to tions, such as boxing the matches and grave abuse. The Commission heard making up parcels of boxes, can be evidence to the effect that in some in- and are performed by quite young stances contractors obtain young chil- children. As little as nine copper dren from the country districts, pay- cents is sometimes paid to a child for ing the parents $2 a month for the a day's work. Members of the Com- services of each child. By employing mission visited one factory of consid- such children in the mills and fac- crable size. Young children, 8er- tories the contractor is aole to make a tainly not more than five years of 218 age, were to be seen working with al- parts of China, and of the slow formost incredible rapidity." mation of the public opinion which will have to be created before these Set side by side with the above par- can be changed. The Chinese people like concrete and practical things. agraphs one from another report, this On the other hand, their social unit for thousands of years has been the time a published trade report: family, not the community, and this has formed a deep racial instinct not , 'The profits of the fac- to 'interfere' in matters of public concern. The awakening of the social tory again surpassed $1,000,000. For conscience in this country will thus have both its helps and its handicaps. the past two years it has been running night and day, with scarcely any "In spite of a century or so of sointermission. The working hours are cial reform in the West, we who are from 5: 30 a. m., to 5: 30 p. m. and foreign also bring certain handicaps to this situation in China. It is not from 5: 30 p. m. to 5: 30 a. m. re- always clear how far the Church pectively. No meals are supplied by should consider its responsibility in the factory. It will be seen that the economic or political issues to extend. company is in an exceptionally favor- There is also no established tradition on the part of the mission boards for able position. With the raw product sending experienced social workers to at their doors, an abundant and ab- the Orient on the same scale as those surdly cheap labor supply to draw on, sent for education, medicine and evanand no vexatious factory laws to ob- gelism. To help to change this tradiserve, it is not surprising that their tion is one of the most fascinating problems of the Industrial Commitannual profits. should have exceeded tee of the National Christian Council their total capital on at least three for China. occasions. " "While this educational process To change such conditions was the goes on in many cities and schools throughout China, one special issue job the Church set for itself. What has been lifted to prominence, for has been done~ A little leaflet called friends in many countries to watch. "Threads," the story of the indus- , No child labor' was taken as the most trial work which the Young Women's appealing and definite of the stand- Christian Association of China has ards adopted by the National Chris- tian Conference, to be put into effect. done or has participated in, gives a The International Settlement of part at least of the answer to that Shanghai itself was chosen as the best question: laboratory for this experiment, since the condition of China's own govern- "Most of the Christian agencies in ment made it impossible to try to en- force Peking's p,rovisional labor China are united in a National Chris- standards in Chinese territory. tian Council which in a good many "The Shanghai Municipal Council realms is able to act for the Protes- was found to be willing to form a tant Church as a whole. commission to consider how child labor could gradually be reduced in "At the great National Christian the Settlement. Dame Adelaide An- derson, for many years Chief Lady Conference first called in Shanghai, Factory Inspector for the British May, 1922, the Church went on rec- Government, came to China for ten montbs to contribut~ of her technical ord as opposed to child labor, and believing in the necessity of one day's rest in seven and of provision for the health and safety of industrial workers. Considering that this con- ference in a sense marked the begin- ning of the Chinese Christian Church, this was rather an astonishing sevenleague step to take at the beginning.

"Ever since these great new subjects were hrought before the Church at the Conference of 192121, this Industrial Committee has been at work along the lines of research and study of industrial conditions in many

skill and ripe human wisdom to this JAPAN commission. A carefully chosen group of Chinese and foreign men Miss Y. Yumada, secretary of the Society and women worked hard for a year for the Harmonization of Labor and Capand then brought in a report (the re- ital. port refer,red to above) which if accepted would gradually raise the Women's Federation, the Peace Society, working age to twelve years, achieve the W. C. T. U., and the Shanghailanders' a gradual reduction of the shockingly Association of Tokyo. long working hours, and provide for inspection. The recommendations Mr. Bunji SUBuki, president of the Genwere mild in themselves, but so much eral Federation of Labor in Japan. better than existing conditions that they were all that could be asked for President and Mrs. Y. Sakamoto, Japa- nese people of Tung Wen College, Shanghai. at first." No small result of this work was INDIA the way in which for the first time the Mr. N. M. Joshi of the Servants of India eyes of the world were turned upon Society. labor conditions in China. To quote again from "Threads": '''l'he civi- Tata Sons of Bombay, the largest emlized world: will no longer endure that ployer of labor in India. our comfort and possessions should be built upon the bodies of little chil- FRANCE dren. The word that poured in to Shanghai during the spring campaign The French National Council of Women, of 1925 from backers all around the French Women's Alliance, and French world was nothing short of amazing. Young Women's Christian Assoelation. It :forms so large a part of the weaving which is irresistibly bringing the The French Women's Union for the count,ries together in a common con- League of Nations. cern for those who work by hand. that a roll-call of these names should be M. Justin Godert, and M. George Scelles, Minister and Secretary of the Department given: of Labor.

GREAT BRITAIN M. P. Appell, of the University. of Paris. Dr. P. Armand-DelilIe, of the Interna- The Manchester (England) Chamber of tional Association for Child Welfare. Commerce. M. Wilfred Monod for the Faculty of Protestant Theology. The British Section of the Women's In- M. Paul Fuzier for the Protestant Comternational Lea!!ue. mittee on Friendly Relations with Strangers. M. Emile Borel, ex-minister of finance. The Continuation Committee of the great M. Max Lazard, of the Labor Party. En",lish Christian ()mference, "Copec." M. Fontaine, president of the Administra- tive Council of the International Labor The National Y. W. C. A. of Great Brit- Bureau in Geneva. ain, and the World's Committee of the same organization. Early in the summer it was stated in Parliament that the British Gov- AUSTRALIA ernment had been keenly interested in the attempt to regulate industrial Mr. W. M. Hughes, ex-Prime Minister of conditions in Shanghai: and officials Au<tralia. of the Government of the United States turned to the report of this The Chamber of Commeree of Wellington, Child Labor Commission :fQr authen- New Zealand. tic information regarding the indus- trial conditions that are a part of the THE UNITED STATES international situation that came to a crisis during the past summer. The National Y. W. C. A. Miss Marv Anilerson, director of the The major question for the churches W'omen 's Bu~eau of the government Del'Mt- of the United States which are coment of 'Ulbor. operating in the great Christian Miss Graee Abbott, heai! of the Children's movement of China is whether they Bureau of the Department of Labor. are facing all of the implications of such a relationship and are prepared CZEOHO-SI,OV iK1A to accept their share in the respon- ~ibility for conditions in China and "fiss Alice Masaryk, daugltter of the pres· the United States that are binding i~ont of Czecho-fllovAkia. men, women and littlp children upon the wheel of the machine. The National Y. W. C. A. in Prague.

FROM MANY

NORTH AMERICA nett, chairman, Mrs. Katherine Silver- The Knighthood of Youth thorn and Mrs. John Ferguson, vice- chairmen, will report at the opening THIS has been organized by the Na- session Sunday afternoon. Christian tional Child Welfare Association women must face the present situato help meet the increase of lawless- tion with a sense of g,rave responsiness among school children of school bility. It is not a question of law age in this country. It is to be under based on the 18th Amendment alone the direction of Charles M. De Forest, but a question of reverence for all and its aims are thus described: law without which this Democracy is not safe and is without power to aid Our public school authorities are frankly the world. Further information may admitting that their curriculum does not ,be obtained from the chairman of the make provision for direct training of char- Washington Committee, Mrs. Wm. L. acter, and it is' plain that parents need help Darby, Washington Hotel, Washingin this direction. The Knighthood of Youth ton, D. C. supplements the efforts of parents and teachers in the home and the school. It New York City operates entirely through existing agencies, furnishing them with methods and materials which have been tried and proven to be successful. The cardinal principle of the Knighthood of Y,outh is the development of NEW YORK is America's largest, individual character through the practice of wealthiest, busiest and most fordaily exercises which form habits of honesty, eign city and its greatest foreign misc~urage, purity, thrift, loyalty, helpfulness sion field. The average population is and other virtues. It is intended primarily 17,841 a square mile, that of London for children between seven and eleven whose is 10,789 a square mile. Out of a work is checked by parent or teacher, a daily total population of 5,500,000 in greatrecord being kept of success or failure, the er New York nearly 2,000,000 are reward of degrees of Knighthood being foreign born, 2,250,000 have one or given for standards attained. This move- both parents foreign born, only 1,- ment is being extended to the remotest, 000,000 are of native born parents. In humblest home in the mountain or on the other words about 76.4 per cent of farm as well as in the city-all it requires the popUlation is foreign or of foreign is a child, and a parent or teacher to help direct the young knight in his quest for character.

born parentage. There nre 136,000 Women'. Law Enforeement Conven- English in the city; 584,000 Germans, tion more than the popUlation of Dresden; THE Woman's National Commit- more Austrians than in any city of tee for Law Enforcement has Austria, save Vienna; more Hungaricalled a Convention in Washington, ans than in any Hungarian city ex- D. C., April 11th-13th in the Hall of cept Budapest; more Norwegians than Nations, Washington Hotel. Nine in Stavanger, the fourth largest city commissions of women representing of Norway, and more Swedes than in various organizations and sections of Nor,rkoping, the fourth largest city of the country will present reports and Sweden; 56,000 Roumanians; 23,000 resolutions on the Legal, Political, Greeks; more Italians than in any Educational, Social, Patriotic and city of Italy, including Rome; 14,000 Religious aspects of Law Observance Spanish; 48,000 French; 200 unclas- and Enforcement. The Commis..<;ion . sified nationalities-Danes, Holland- of Church women, Mrs. Fred S. Ben- ers, Belgians, and others. It has twice 221

as many Irish as in Dublin; 250,000 part of this distribution was free and more Russians than in Leningrad; the remaining copies sold at cost or and there are more Jews than there less. Over 58,000 volumes were diswere in Palestine in the reign of King tributed to immigrants arriving at Solomon. Ellis Island and 120,000 to sailors and seamen from all parts of the world. Moody Bible Institute The missionaries of the Society visited the hospitals, the prisons and the in- THIS school in Chicago, which not stitutions for the poor and helpless. only carries on the work but also There were foreign-speaking workers perpetuates the name of its honored who carried the Scriptures to the founder, Dwight L. Moody, has sent Italians, Greeks, Germans, Russians, more than 1,300 students as mission- Scandinavians, and those of many aries into foreign fields alone, since it other nationalities. During the year was organized. Last year it sent out the Society published or obtained sixty. Under fifty-seven societies and from printing presses in Europe gosboards 959 graduates of the Institute pel portions in large type in two lanare now at work in thirty-seven mis- guages, printed in parallel columns. sion fields. At present the student The Society now has sixteen foreign body includes representatives of every languages thus published parallel state in the Union and twenty-six for- with the English. Recently the Goseign countries. There have been as pel of John in Esthonian-English was many as twenty-two denominations published, being the first time in hisrepresented in a single year. The In- tory that any part of the· Bible has stitute has three distinct branches, been printed in Esthonian and Engwith a dean at the head of each-the lish in parallel columns. day school, with an enrolment last year of oyer 1,000; the evening school, Demand for BraUle Bibles with 700 students, and a correspondence school with an enrolment of 7,200. THE American Bible Society re- ports an incident which illustrates To Train City Miosionaries the importance of the special work which it is doing in supplying Bibles GARRETT Biblical Institute, Chi- for blind readers. A blind man in cago, will inaugurate a new de- Kansas had a New Testament in partment next year by setting up a American Braille to give away, and training department for men who will through the Ziegler Magazine for the devote their lives to city missionary blind, recently, he offered it to any work. Rev. F. O. Beck and Rev. Erik blind person who would pay for the L. Sonderby will d1rect this depart- transportation. Responses came from ment. Mr. Beck was the promoter of thirty-four individuals from thirteen the recent religious and social survey states eagerly offering to do this. A of St. I~ouis. The funds for the new family of three blind sisters received department will be provided by the the books. The thirty-three other aphome missions society of the denomi- plicants were sorely disappointed. nation, the Chicago home missionary To supply these thirty-four New Tessociety and the institute. taments would cost $1,190. The New Testament in American Braille takes The New York Bible Society five volumes averaging $7 each. Many requests come for the Serip- THE report of the General Secre- tures in American Braille, though tary Rev. George William Carter, for the past five years this system has D.D., at the annual meeting showed not been taught in the schools; Rethe largest distribution of the Scrip- vis'ed Braille supplanting it. And tures ever made by the New York Bi- yet, here were thirty-four adults, sixble Society. During the year 1925, teen men, and eighteen women, un- 958,461 copies of the Scriptures in 67 languages were circulated. A large

1!t26J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

supplied with the New Testament, of Harlem's biggest needs was a sort and all eagerly appealing for it. of thought stabilizer-a place where its different groups could come, ex- Y. M. C. A. and the Churches change ideas, and give vent to their suppressed feelings and desires-and A MOVEMENT to promote cooper- the North Harlem Community Forum ation between the Young Men's was formed, which 'has been held C h r is t ian Association and the weekly in the auditorium of the Pubchurches is being fostered through lic Library. It is a member of the the Counselling Commission of the Open Forum National Council and Protestant Churches of the United has been represented at its annual States of America. This Commission meeting at Chautauqua, New York. is composed of representatives of The National Council, with headquareighteen Protestant communions, who .ters in Boston, Mass., has, on the are to confer at least once a year with strength of the accomplishments of Association leaders on problems of re- the Harlem Forum, openly endorsed lationship which are national in scope the Forum movement among. colored and which pertain to all denomina- people and urges that in every Negro tions. The National Council of the community open forums be estab- Y. M. C. A. has established a Depll!rt- lished as a means of furthering better ment of Relations with Church and understanding between the races. Interchurch' Bodies, of which Dr. David G. Latshaw is the secretary. No Race Problem Here Dr. John R. Mott said at the recent meeting of the Commission: ' , The SCHOOLS of the Hampton-Tuskebetter blending of the forces of our gee type, after half a century, are great communions with those of this showing marvelous results. Brunschild of the Churches, the Y. M. C. wick County, Virginia, once one of A., is of very great importance, so the most backward and unprogressive that, as a result of our united impact sections of the "black belt" of that upon the great areas of need and op- state, in which the Negroes were in portunity among the young men and large majority, is an example. Two boys of our nation and of the coun- white newspapers of that section, both tries with which we are cooperating, with strong Southern sympathies, rewe may achieve a larger result for cently discussed the result of these Christ and the Church and for their educational' institutions. The Petersprog,ress in the world." burg Index-Appeal says: "The Ne- groes of 'New Brunswick, in matters The Negro Forum Movement of thrift, low criminal record, owner- ship of land and ability to command H ARLEM, a district of New York respect and good will of their neigh- which covers an area of less than bors, stand second to none. The low one square mile, represents the largest clriminal expense, despite the fact that aggregation of Negroes in America- the county had the greatest prepona city within a city, as cosmopolitan derance of Negro over white populaand varied in its composition as the tion of any in the state and the furgreat city itself. Persons of color ther fact that the county jail has stood from France, Germany, India, Africa, empty for six months at a time, are Australia, and all other pa,rts of the cumulative evidence of the wonderworld, even Black Jews direct from ful material and social progress in Palestine, contribute to this city of this county." The Brunswick Ga- 150,000 souls. There are as many dif- zette says: "There is no race problem ferent schools of thought, and every in our county. The colored people shade of opinion is represented. and white people of this county live on terms of mutual respect and co- Five years ago Miss Julia Lathers, operation. The report of the auditor an enthusiast of the Ford Hall Forum in Boston, conceived the idea that one

of public accounts shows the splendid an experiment, the simplest meal in material progress made. This is a the middle of the morning, oatmeal wonderful record for a people who a and milk, or bread and cocoa. They few years back were mostly renters were going' to try it for three months and tenants. "-United Presbyterian. and judge the effect, but at the end of a month the children were found to LATIN AMERICA have gained in weight fmm that simple fare, and the teacher reported Guatemala Girls' School an incredible impmvement in their work. One small boy begged to come THE Guatemala Mission of the to school on Saturday. "Do you like Presbyterian Church conducts in school so much 1" "No" he said Quezaltenango a school for girls which honestly, "but I want my 'breakfast.'; is greatly in need of funds for a new The missionary found that in this building. ., The school is a potent child's home there were nine chilmeans of evangelization. Not a year dren, and all the food they had in a passes that important results are not day was coffee and a banana or a obtained through the conversion of sweet potato. pupils who came prejudiced against us. Our schools are first and fore- Bolivia'. Real Need most evangelistic. But the fine results are not limited year by year to REV. and Mrs. H. S. Hillyer, Cadevotional life and Biblical knowl- nadian Baptist missionaries in edge, but are so patent in the best Bolivia, write as follows of their probcultural work as well, that the school lems: "The Bolivian is thoroughly has accredited itself immensely in accustomed to hypocrisy in religion. public opinion. This is why the quar- It is as natural to him as the air he ters hitherto used are becoming breathes. When a baptized believer crowded to suffocation, and why so slips back into his' old life, he and all many of the best families, including his neighbors think that nothing una Minister of Education, send their usual has. happened. The problem we children to our school by preference. face is-how to make the church mem- The school is a demonstrated success, bers realize and feel deeply that the not an untried hypothesis. It has reputation and future of evangelical proved what a good evangelical school work in Bolivia lies largely with them. can do. The Mission sees it. The In Bolivia I feel that I must see a Government sees it. The public sees man practically every day for a year it, and we all are waiting for it to before I begin to think about baptizhave a better chance to do its best." ing him. At home we ask ourselves the question: 'Does the candidate un- Porto Rican Children derstand what baptism means Y' In Bolivia we ask: 'Does the candidate A FTER four hundred years of the fully understand that it means to live Spanish regime in Porto Rico, daily for years the Christian life?' ninety-seven per cent of the people of Our progress in Bolivia does not dethat island were illiterate. Twenty- pend upon baptisms but upon real one years of the American regime re- conversions. " duced this to sixty-five per cent. The Government, the missions, and Ma- East Indians in Guiana sonic orders are realizing the need and increasing the schools. The pov- REV. J. B. Cropper, D.D., now reperty of the people is a drawback. For resenting the new United Church example, one of the teachers found of Canada, began work in 1896 among that the children could work only an the 25,000 East Indians in British hour or two in the morning before Guiana, which he speaks of as the they became listless. Members of the only representative of the British American Protestant Episcopal con- Empire on the South American congregation in San Juan provided, as

NEWS FROM: MANY LANDS

tinent. He writes: "The progress to accommodate a children's congre- of the work, considering the many gation of approximately 500. With set-backs it has had, has under God's the exception of the minister, Rev. C.

blessing been satisfactory. There are G. Hutchison, the organization of the over sixty points at which groups of church will be composed entirely of Christians have been organized and boys and girls. The roof has been regular Sabbath services are con- painted to represent an eastern night ducted. Upwards of thirty elemen- sky, with twinkling golden stars, and tary schools have been established, of famous artists have contributed pic- which twenty-five are recognized by tures which will be hung on the walls.

the Government and receive mainte- The children will elect their own nance grants. A high school for boys church officers. As most of them will another for girls and a training home come from homes of the poor, a spe- for girls have also been established. cial envelope has been devised, in The two former are, like the majority which those who feel that they are un- of the elementary schools, recognized able to give money are asked to en- and aided by the Government." close a note of thanks for some bene- fit or joy received during the week.

CarajBII Indians in Brazil A day nursery will be conducted and STARTING out from the mission it is hoped to add a playground and station of the Evangelical Union welfare center. About £60,000 haa of South America at Goyaz, Brazil, been expended on the enterprise.

Rev. Mr. Wilding recently visited a tribe of Indians called Carajas, whom Jews and Christians Confer O he describes as naked and painted VER a thousand people applied'. for tickets for a conference of: savages. He says: "The Indians gave us a great welcome, the chief Jews and Christians held recently at bringing all his family to spend a day the Wesleyan Church, ¥anchester with us. Our gramophone was a Square, London, to discuss the sub- great surprise and pleasure to them jects "The Contribution of Religion all, only I did wish they could have to the Improvement of Race Rela- understood the hymns which were be- tions," "Native Races, a Sacred ing played. We long for the day Trust," and "Anti-Semitism." The when they shall know Him, whom to afternoon conference, referring to re- know is life eternal. As the time ligion and race problems in China, went on the Indians came from day Africa and India, was full of interest, to day to help us with the work of and provoked a considerable number making a clearing and soon many of short speeches by members of the trees were felled and building was be- audience. An underlying thought gun. A Roman Catholic priest vis- seemed to be present in the minds of ited us shortly after our a,rrival and everyone, namely the belief in man '8 endeavored to turn the Indians reasonableness and desire for right- against us. His attempt was not suc- eousness, no matter to what religion, cessful, however, as the Indians main- race or color he may belong. The eve- tained that we were their friends." ning session on Anti-Semitism was opened by a challenging address by EUROPE Dr. Montefiore, followed by a state- AChildren's Cllurch in London ment of the Christian point of view.

There was no lack of frankness on CHURCH planned exclusively either side, and in the speeches that for children is being completed followed every shade of opinion was in London by the West Ham Central expressed, including that of a Russian Mission, one of the most successful Jewish convert in the Anglican priest- Baptist enterprises in that city. An hood, a Zionist, and a Hungarian old tabernacle is being transformed Jew.

S

English Youth and Temperance ant, pure, attractive portrait of the synoptic gospels is unknown; very THERE has been organized in Eng- few French people have ever contem- plated it. In some quarters the his- . . land a "Young Methodist Temper- torical existence of Jesus is doubted :ance Campaign," in which the Meth- -more often it is practically igodist youth are asked to accept re- nored." sponsibility for the fight against the drink evil as a definite part of their Jewish Converts in Poland Christian service. Meetings are be- MAX SPALENICE writes to the ing organized throughout the United J ewish Missionary Herald from Kingdom. Young men and women Cracow that another Hebrew Chriswill preside; one speaker will show tian in Poland has been led to offer the evil of drink and another will ap- himself for preparation for Christian peal to the young folks between fif- work in the future. "The life," he teen and thirty to arm for the de- says, "of a truly converted young cisive fight "in this generation. " Jew here is by no means an easy one. The proposition is clinched by the Day after day he has to meet relatives signing of the following "obliga- and friends who think it their duty to tion" : draw him back to Judaism. Offers of help and alternate threats of perse- . By the help of God, I enter now into the cution are continually held out to make him renounce his Christian twofofd Obligation of Abstinence and Serv- faith. They consider it a meritorious ice. . deed to 'reclaim' such a convert to his former Jewish persuasion. 'I I will abstain from the use of alcoholic would give the world,' one Jew said, 'if I could win him back to our (Jewbeverages, that body, mind and soul may ish) religion.' 'This man is a per- fect mystery' another Jew said, 'to serve Christ's Kingdom at their highest. go about telling his people about Christ without fearing the conse- I will serve as I have opportunity, study- quences to himself and to his nearest relations.' " ing to make my service effective, and I will Bibles Again for Russia set Temperance Reform in the forefront of I T HAS been extremely difficult, if .my claim and duty as a citizen. Amen. not impossible, for the last four or five years to get Bibles into Russia. "Why should not the' Youth Move- A few shipments for which permis- sion was secured by Russians from ment of America,' if it is looking their Government have been admitfor a task, try its hand at this re- ted. All others have been stopped, form Y How could they help their whether sent by way of the Black Sea, country as well Y" comments The the Caucasus, China or the Pacific Christian Advocate. ports. Permission, however, now has been granted to print considerable Religious Needs of France editions at the government printing offices in Moscow and Leningrad. WRITING on the problem of evan- 'rhere are no plates at hand from gelization in France, Pastor Con- which to print these Scriptures and nier says: "The French nation does the changes in spelling required by not know the Bible. By law all re- the action of the Government would ligious instruction has been banished make old plates valueless, if availfrom the state schools. The Catholic able. The American Bible Society Church has thus in her hands almost the entire charge of the religious education oil the children of the country. They learn a catechism, but nothing from the Bible or the gospels. The New Testament is almost unknown in France. The French people do not know the Person of Jesus. Since they do not read the gospels, they only know the remote picture, often conventional and far too dogmatically expressed, which is given in the catechism, or by the preaching and art of the Catholic Church. But the radi-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

has offered to pay the cost of making education for girls as well as boys, a new set of plates, amounting to and the abolition of polygamy. In $10,000 or $15,000. The version is to 1922 the members of this Committee be the same and the general appear- succeeded in obtaining a law raising ance of the book will be the same as the marriageable age for girls to sixthe earlier editions. teen. They are advocating greater freedom of association for young men AFRICA and women before marriage.

Moslem Heresy Trial The College at Achimota THE controversy st,irred up in REFERENCE has been made in Cairo by the trial for heresy of a the REVIEW to the new Prince of professor in Al Azhar, the great Mo- Wales College at Achimota, on the hammedan university, was reported Gold Coast, and to Dr. J. K. Aggrey, in the November REVIEW. It will be the distinguished African member of remembered that Sheikh Ali Abdel the Phelps-Stokes Commission, who had written a book entitled "Islam is to be a member of its faculty. In and the Basis of Government," in a recent address in London, Dr. Agwhich he argued for the use of pro- grey outlined as follows some of the gressive Islamic principles as against plans for the institution: a literal appl~cation of the temporal ideas of Mahomet's day, including a With some fifty teachers selected from the divorce of civil and religious author- five continents of Europe, Asia, Africa, ity. This brought consternation to America, and Australia, and with accommothe legalists, with the resultant de- dation for about eight hundred students, it mand for his dismissaL The Minister will be the aim of Achimota to correct the of Justice, however, refused to re- mistakes which have been made in the edumove him from AI Azhar, and his cational systems of Africa. It will take the own resignation was thereupon de- African boy and girl at the age of six and manded. Now word comes that two carry them through the kindergarten to the progressive members of the Egyptian university courses. It will give to the Africabinet have resigned as a protest can, not only professional training, but also against the enforced resignation of technical courses that will teach both boys the Minister of Justice. Thus inde- and girls the dignity of labor. The imporpendence of thought is increasing tance of the Gold Coast Government's exeven in the strongholds of Islam. periment at Achimota is that it will retain and improve the best things in Airica and Women's Movement in Egypt couple them with the best things Western. The pupils in this government COllege will A GREAT change is taking place be trained to be Christian citizens. in woman's position in the public life of Egypt. She is now taking An "Ekitelo" in the Congo part, in every phase of Egyptian life, and it is no unusual occurrence for THIS is the name given by the peoleading Egyptian newspapers to de- ple, says a missionary of the Disvote space to the feminine question. ciples Church in the Congo, to a gath- It is not uncommon to see unveiled ering of evangelists and teachers from Egyptian women with male members thirty-nine outstations and the candiof their families in the hotels of Eng- dates for baptism. She describes the land and Europe. The Church Mis- latest of these occasions as follows: sionary Review, London, tells of a "The Ekitelo opened with a song and women's committee that has been prayer-service and then the handformed in Egypt by prominent Egyp- shaking began. Many of those prestian ladies who take a leading part in ent had never before shaken the hand both political and social movements. of a white person and naturally they Their program includes equality be- desired that privilege. Then followed tween men and women, compulsory a week of school, the evangelists and teachers receiving special training for their work, and those to be baptized meeting daily for Christian teaching.

There was also a school for women life, for real good literature. Your and .girls each afternoon. Imagine Society has already given two magthe joy of the Sunday communion nificent things to the Uganda Mission. service where 227 were partaking for We have received, first of all, "The the :first time and dedicating their Pilgrim's Progress." All through lives to Christian living; here where Uganda you will find that" The Pil- Christian living means a complete grim's Progress" is one of the most change in all the old ways of living treasured possessions of that country. and thinking." The other book that the Religious Tract Society has given to Uganda is Moslem Lea.rners in Nigeria the hymn book. It did touch my heart when I heard these black sub- MR. AND Mrs. Merryweather of jects singing: the Sudan Interior Mission send an appeal for prayer for the Moslems Jesus loves me, this I know of Northern Nigeria, a mission field made especially difficult by the cli- For the Bible tells me so. mate, as well as by Moslem hostility. They write: "Splendid missionaries You get to know the languages of of the C. M. S. and other societies the peoples of Central Africa, but you have labored here and gone. Good serve a long time before you meet the work has been done, the major por- word which means 'Love.' The only tion of the Scriptures translated and way in which we can interpret love other books to hand; and yet there to them is by actions. ' , prevails almost complete indifference to all. The most ho·peful feature lies Mo:ffat's House Preserved in there being a desire on the part of many to hear the Word of God. We I T IS proposed to put the historic have had an average attendance of buildings at Kuruman, which eighteen Moslems every Sunday for served for fifty years as the home of years, who apparently love it. The Robert Moffat during his period of Spirit of God has blessed it to their devoted service to Africa, in such orconviction, and shown them their need der and repair as will enable African of the Lord Jesus Christ, and yet the missionaries to go there for short pefear of man holds them from surren- ;riods of rest. It was here that Livingder, and a public confession. Our stone met and fell in love with Mary head rnallam (Moslem priest) once Moffat. It is felt that Moffat's memsaid to us: 'In my heart I know in ory will be fittingly perpetuated if it whom I believe, but the moment I is made possible for the Kuruman confess I know they will get me out house to be utilized in future as the of the way by poisoning.' This ex- Moffat Rest House. plains why there are so few converts. " THE NEAR EAST Books for Central Africa. A New Calendar for Turkey VEN. Archdeacon Lloyd, speaking EACH month seems to bring a re- at the annual meeting of the Re- port of some new step in the modligious Tract Society, told of meeting ernization of Turkey. The latest is in a railway train a young Baganda, the passage by the Angora Governwho spent the day reading a book by ment of a law requiring the use of the Charles Garvice, which he said was "International Calendair" for all about "how English people make civic purposes (though the religious love. " The Archdeacon continued: calendar remains unchanged.) This adds 582 years to the old-style date "A tremendous demand is :coming and makes the current year 1926, in- stead of 1344. The Turkish year, as from Central Africa, where I have is generally known, is dated from the ~e!lll,stationed for thirty years of my Hegira, the flight of Mohammed from Mecca to Medina.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

"It will be interesting," comments versity training which will enable The ChristiJan Advocate, "to see them to serve theM- country more effiwhether official Turkish documents ciently. Now he wishes to send ten will be dated Anno Domini, in the students to the American University year of Our Lord. But whether they of Beirut on condition that they resay so or not, they will be dated from ceive scholarships while there. In his the Christian era. Such a change of letter Efraim Twoldo Medhen appeals mental attitude as this reform indi- to President Dodge as follows: "Will cates is almost incomprehensible, in you not allow Abyssinia to partake view of the history that lies back of together with other Eastern countries the two calendars." of the enlightenment which the Uni- versity is giving? Let me hope that Work for Turkish Women you will consider this appeal and will help me in my efforts. " MOUTIE SABRI, a former student at the Constantinople Woman's The Bible in the Holy Land College who has been directress of the Girls' Normal School in Stamboul for I T IS now.sixty-six years since a the past two years, has been sent to Bible depot was opened by the England by the Turkish Government British and Foreign Bible Society in to study kindergarten methods. On a small room in Jerusalem. Rarely her return she is to organize and can the shop be entered today withsuperintend kindergartens throughout out finding some would-be purchasers Turkey. The demand for college examining the books. F'requently the, graduates as teachers is so great in place is a perfect Babel of tongues, for' 'l'urkey at present that many grad- its thirty thousand volumes are uates of the Constantinople Woman's printed in nearly if not quite forty College who are married are teaching different languages. The shop is no part time in the schools, as they feel longer a small room, and at present that they should do their part in fur- a fine building on an excellent and thering the movement for education eligible site is in process of erection. which is sweeping the country. Bed- '1'he circulation of the Scriptures last rie Veyssi Chukri of the class of 1917, year amounted to 18,085 copies. The who has since studied medicine in colporteur is a Christian Arab, Habib Germany, has just been called back Khouri, who has many interesting exfrom Paris by the Government and periences. In Bethlehem he went to given the position of examining phy- the shop of a carpenter, who, when he' sician at one of the largest Turkish stated that he had the Holy Book that orphanages. told the story of "the maiden's son of Bethlehem," made a purchase, and Abyssinian Appeal to Beirut at once began to read. Among others who came in at the time was a little PRESIDENT Bayard Dodge of the boy, who said to the colporteur, "You' American University of Beirut has please come to my house with me, for received a request from Efraim Twol- my mother has much money, and she do Medhen, an alumnus of the Uni- will surely buy a book." On ar,rival versity, who is now Vice-Administra- at the house, the woman welcomed the tor of the Teferi Makonnen School, colporteur and purchased copies for Addis ~baba, .A!byssinia, requesting herself and several others. scholarships for ten young men from that country. His Imperial Highness Persian Bible Conference Ras Teferi, heir apparent to the throne of Abyssinia, built and main- AN all-Persian interchurch' Bible' tains this school. Prince Ras Teferi conference, held in Haniadan, thE) has been sending young men to the first of its kind, is described by Miss United States, to different countries Florence E. Murray as having been." in Europe and to Egypt to secure uni- remarkable in many ways. First, the

personnel: in addition to the voting the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. delegates there were many others who A. One of the party writes of these attended the meetings, contributing villages: "They lie many miles from from their rich experience to the clis- the beaten path. They are almost incussion of the many problems. Some accessible. In some of the villagel'l. had come out of Islam over forty white faces had never been seen, and years ago and some were new to the the first night drove many of the peofaith. Tabriz was represented by a ple into hiding. Usually we could perchurch member just returned from a suade them that we were harmlesl'l. year at Princeton, and Urumia by a and could get an audience for the gos- Syrian now living in Hamadan. pel message. But often the women There were converts from Islam and would remain where they could see Judaism, together. with Armenians, and not be seen. In one village an Syrians and Americans. Another old woman asked what we put on our notable feature was that most of the faces to make them white. Sixty of work was done by the Christian na- these villages ,reached with the Word tionals; only three missionaries sat of Life–only sixty-and almost two among the twenty-four voting dele- hundred in which the Gospel has gates. Unity was the keynote in dis- never been preached are still waiting cussion and prayer-the unity found -waiting for us!" only in Christ. Christ in a Hindu Temple Moslem Converts in Persia A STEREOPTICON lecture on the THE Bishop in Persia (Dr. Linton) life of Chril'l.t was delivered re- writes to the Church Missionary cently under unusual conditions in Society reporting the baptism of Madras City. The missionary entered seventeen adult converts from Islam, a community in the city where the sixteen of them on one day. This con- lecture was expected, but no hall was stitutes a fresh record in the Mission. available and the only open space The Bishop says that the answers of suitable was in front of a small Hindu the candidates to his questions were temple. He asked permission of the most cheering. For instance, one temple attendant who gladly gave it, woman 'whose husband is a very and when the screen was set up in the bigoted Moslem was asked whether entrance of the temple it was found she realized that she would have to that the small light burning before confess Christ before her husband. the idol made just enough of a glow She said: "I have not waited for on the screen behind which it was, to baptism to do that!" One man who render the pictures indistinct. Again was asked what bad things he saw in he referred to the attendant, who very Islam to make him want to leave it, kindly extinguished the flickering replied: "It was not because of any light before his god so that people badness or goodness in Islam. I saw might see more clearly the life and the Lord. He pulled me out of the character of Jesus Christ. The picfire, .and sent me to Isfahan to learn tures were very successful and the of Him." Asked how he knew it was audience was much impressed by the the Lord, he said: "If you had seen gospel story. Him as I saw Him, you would have no doubt that it was He." Bible Class of Hindu Men INDIA AND CEYLON THIS past year Bible classes in the Ewing Christian College in Alla- Unreached Villages in India habad, India, have been grouped so that Christians, Moslems and Hindus A PARTY of three missionaries and should be segregated. Furthermore, five Indian associates visited Hindus who come from other than about sixty remote villages in a sec- mission schools are to be taught seption of the Western India Mission of

1926J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

arately. "Such a class" writes one slave-owners to set free their slaves, a of the missionary staff, "have I- response which indeed is so satisfacsixty-three men. Row after row, ex- tory that it is hoped that at an early tending to the walls of a large room, date slavery in Nepal will be comgreets me daily. They all have Eng- pletely abolished. The work involved lish testaments, and I have given in compensating the owners is provthem Luke's Gospel (which we ing heavier than had been anticipated. study), in the vernacular. I suppose In his great speech announcing his there are still those who feel that edu- determination to secure the total abolcational work is not evangelistic. ition of slavery, which the Mahara,ja They might discover that they are in made in November of last year, he error, could they but present the stated: "I have .already dedicated a Evangel to that class." sum of fourteen lakhs of rupees for the work, and I shall do my best to Outcastes in Dornakal secure as much more as will be neces- sary." THIS diocese in southern India, fa- mous in missionary annals because The sum already spent in compenof its Indian bishop, Azariah, is doing sation is fifty lakhs of rupees, or about a great work among Indian "un- $1,650,000, the major part of which touchables, " described as follows by was a personal gift of His Highness, Bishop Whitehead, formerly of Madras: ' 'We see a strong Christian Church and School in Ceylon Church of 120,000 members drawn almost exclusively from the dutcastes, ONE factor in the life of the Ceylon increasing at the rate of 12,000 a Mission of the American Board, year, with over 1,000 primary schools, which is of especial importance, is the thirteen boarding-schools, two high increasing number of Tamil Chrisschools, and one college, educating in tians, fruit of the mission work, conall over 24,000 outcaste Christian pu- nected with the churches, who are pils and staffed by over 1,000 teachers, showing loyal interest in the Chrisc all raised up from the outcastes. And tian movement, taking active part this large progressive church is min- therein themselves and giving promistered to and governed by about ise of increasing leadership, as the eighty ordained priests and deacons, years go by. The fruit of the hundrawn from the outcastes, parochial, dred years of mission work in .Jaffua district, and diocesan councils, main- is plentiful and rewarding. Jaffna ly composed of Indian members College was never in more vigorous or drawn from the same community, the fruitful life than today, with its large whole presided over by an Indian student body of six hundred, with Bishop." many new buildings or refitted build- ings which Principal Bicknell has se- Abolition of Slavery in Nepal cured, and with its direct relation to the eight high schools scattered over THE remarkable action taken by Jafl'na which are tributaries to the the Maharaja of Nepal, a native college. The monthly magazine pubstate on the Indian frontier, in pro- lished by the college shows the loyal claiming freedom for the more than regard had for it by the students and 50,000 slaves in his kingdom was re- the "old boys "-a spirit such as is ported in the July, 1925, REVIEW, felt in college circles in America. and has been widelv commented on The girls' school at Uduvil is doing as elsewhere. The grea:t task of putting fine a work in its way for the young this proclamation into effect is well women, and also has a body of gradon its way to completion. The Ma- uates who, as wives and mothers in a haraja announces that he is receiving multitude of homes and as teachers in an encouraging response to the ap- village schools throughout Jaffna, peal which he made to the 15,000 help to spread its fame.

CHINA Christian, Dr. Paul Fugh, of Oregon The Church and Its Money University, Yale and Cornell.

T HE views of a Chinese Christian worker in Shensi Province, a grad- Chinese Bible Encyclopaedia uate of St. John's College, Shanghai, THE publication of "The Bible Enon the present anti-Christian move- cyclopaedia for the Chinese ment in China are quoted in The Mis- Church, " which has been prepared sion Fiel(!/" a Church of England pa- under the direction of Rev. Henry M. per. The Chinese are against the Woods, D.D., is announced in The Christian Chinese Church, he de- Christian Observer. Most of the maclares, because, instead of being inde- terial for it was translated by perpendent, it accepts .money from for- mission of the respective publisher~ eigners. He pleads, therefore, that of conservative Bible dictionaries and self-support should be thorough, and encyclopaedias in the English lanthat a new system should be adopted guage; some notable articles were which should abandon the Western prepared by scholars in China, Amerplan of building useless "cathedrals ica and other countries; and to these and costly churches," saying: latter, credit has been given in the in- dex section of the work. A large part We sbould do far better to spend our of the material was translated from money on rebuilding our factories on hy- the International Standard Bible Engienic principles, building good houses to be cyclopaedia, published some years ago let at a low rental to the laboring classes, by the Howard-Scverance Company. teaching them habits of cleanliness, etc. We read in the anti·Christian diatribes against An Ex_Convict Preacher Christianity that it is the forerunner of im· perialism, the herald of capitalism, and the I MPRISONED in Peking on charge despoiler of the nation's spirit. Now if the of embezzling his employers' Church in China would follow out the plan funds, Paul Wang first heard of I have suggested, and take nothing from Christ when he received a testament foreign funds for salaries, make no appeal from George T. B. Davis of the Pocket for SUbscriptions, and abstain from erecting great buildings and buying land, rumors would cease, doubts and suspicions would be set at rest.

Rural Paper for Chinese Testament League, who was distribu- ting them in all the prisons in the AN additional result of the mass city. Wang soon was converted and education movement in China is baptized, and upon his release he ad- the output of helpful literature based opted the garment of a priest to indi- on the one thousand characters. As cate that he had abandoned secular soon as the one·time illiterate finishes interests. He secured a wheelbarrow his four-months' course he can read and a stock of books and took to the books on health, agriculture, history, .road, preaching as he went. He had t.ravel, t;ivics, Christianity and other reached Paotingfu when the fighting lines. "One hour a day for four then going on made further travel in- months has opened to him the door to advisable, so he set to work to support East and West, earth and heaven, and himself with his hands. Six days he has given him means of endless self- labors at making tin water kettles and improvement." Rev. Hugh Hubbard, on Sunday he shuts up shop and goes missionary of the American Board at out pre.aching. Recently he went to Paotingfu, has started a rural paper Peking at his own expense to solicit called The Farmer, which aims at his funds from wealthy relatives for uplift. Afforestation, seed-selection, building an addition to the village pest-eradication, hygiene, citizenship, chapel property. But his eyes are news, songs,. games are the part of turned toward the far places and as the new life it brings every ten days, soon as conditions permit he wants to at a cost of eight cents per year. It work his way west, where preachers is edited by a fine young Chinese are few.-The Continent.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Chinese Boy Teaehers come with contrition and tears that THE Methodist Episcopal Church they could not spe~k. Miss Wang was has twenty-six missionaries at very quiet and beautiful as she diwork in the city of Chungking, in the rected the meeting. Then came our far-away, picturesque province of preaching service. After the sermon Szechwan. There is a thriving insti- I asked Miss Wang to speak a few tutional church, where preaching minutes to the girls and ask them to services or lectures draw crowds for stand for Christ and to join the five evenings of every week. A night Church."

school, instruction in health and sanitation, mothers' classes, and other Japanese Christians in Dairen U forms of education are going on. In NDER the direction of Dr. Frank Herron Smith, in charge of the and around the city this little band of missionaries operate eighteen lower work of the Methodist Episcopal primary schools, with one thousand Church among the Japanese in Korea pupils. The Chungking higher pri- and in Manchuria, a new church mary school gives instruction to more building is to be erected in Dairen, than one hundred bright little Chi- Manchuria, as soon as funds are avail- nese. The Chungking mission high able. There are, 70,000 Japanese school holds one hundred and sixty laboring in this new port city of the more young' people of Szechwan. Orient. There is a nucleus of 125 And a group of thirty boys, them- Japanese members of this church and selves in the high school, moved by they are giving largely of their means the missionary spirit that pervades towards its erection. According to the place, have organized classes for Dr. Smith, these Japanese Christians, children of the very poor. Almost with ,their comparatively meager ninety per cent of the graduates of wages, give more for the support and the Chungking mission high school spread of Christian teaching than do have taken up some form of Chris- church members of the United States.

tian service .under the direction of the Last year the thirty members of the missionaries. Chemulpo Church gave an average of $88.50 each, while the giving of the Chinese Woman Evangelist full and preparatory members of the MISS Wang" a Chinese Christian church averaged $51 each. The young woman, recently con- church members in a still poorer comducted meetings among the girls of munity gave $33 each. The Japanese the McTyeire School in Shanghai. pastor at Chemulpo receives only $35 Rev. J. H. Berckman, of the M. E. per month.

Church South, writes: "Everyone is thrilled with the meeting which Miss Colportage in Manchuria T Wang conducted. She has had a won- HE National Bible Society of Scotland reports the successful derful experience herself, tilled with difficulties and persecution, and com- tour of a Japanese colporteur na,med ing from a wealthy family was able Maruyama among his countrymen in to understand the many experiences Manchuria, of whom there are said to of the students of McTyeire. She be 150,000. He made his headquar- spoke in Mandarin and so I did not ters at the Y. M. C. A. building, in understand her, but some of the Dairen, and inserted in two Man- teachers told me that she convinced churian daily newspapers a notice to the girls of their sins. On Easter the effect that he had been sent by the morning, during the Sunday-school Bible House in Kobe, for the purpose hour Miss Wang held a testimony of selling copies of the Holy Scrip- meeting and I arrived in time to see tures, which he was able to supply in different girls stand up to testify and Japanese, English, German, French, confess their sins who were so over- Russian, Korean, Chinese, Latin,

Greek, Hebrew, and Esperanto. The this latest meeting of the Synod to South Manchurian Railway granted have all such doubt absolutely re- Mr. Maruyama a second-class pass, moved. We foreign missionaries have with free transportation of all the a place as I special members,' as they books he had with him. He was well are called here, something like 'correceived wherever he went, visiting responding members' in our home churches, custom houses, banks, in- Synod. The way is open, however, surance offices, foundries, oil and for a missionary to become a full sugar factories, mines, temples, and member of the Japan Synod by transshrines, hospitals and schools. ferring his membership as a minister from the Church in the United States JAPAN-KOREA to the Church in Japan. In the mat- ter of self-support the Church of Militarism in Japanese Schools Christ in Japan has progressed not as far as in that of self-government, but REV. Otis Cary, D.D., whose opin- still in the former also she is making ion on anything in Japan carries steady progress. All the so-called weight, reports that there as in Amer- 'organized churches' are entirely selfica students are objecting to required supporting, and beyond that they conmilitary training. "The Educational tribute more or less to the spread of Department has lately ordered that the Gospel in Japan proper and in army ex-officers shall be assigned to her dependencies. " the schools. Students of Waseda University were refused permission to AProhibition in Japan hold a meeting for protest against the MONTHLY magazine published system; but a few days later they by the W. C. T. U. of Japan, were allowed to have one for lectures called Fujin Shimpo (Woman's Progon I Criticism of Imperialism.' The ress), draws attention to the growing officials of the Tokyo Imperial Uni- force of prohibition sen tim e n t versity are reported to be greatly ex- throughout the country. University cited over what may be the effect of students have organized themselves a meeting that the students of the So- into Anti-liquor Federations and emciological Department h a v e an- ba.rked on campaigns for a dry Japan. nounced for I Criticism of Military At the inauguration of one such cam- Education. ' In certain Christian paign, Mr. Kazutaka Ito, director of schools students are expressing oppo- the Tokyo Y. M. C. A., discussed the sition to the system. The newspapers new demands for sobriety which had are discussing the matter, most 'of resulted from the growing emphasis them being against requiring stu- upon amateur and professional athdents to drill, but some say that such letics. "Alcohol and physical efficirequirements in American schools ency," he said, "do not go together. show that progressive nations find The two prohibition countries, Finthem necessary. Thus in this as in land and the United States, led in the other things our example is used to recent Olympic games, and if Japan justify militarism." wants to hold her own among the na- tions, she must give up sake." Mr. A Self-Governing Church Inouye, a prominent social welfare worker, is quoted as saying, "Na- A MEETING in Tokyo of the tional realization that prohibition is "Church of Christ in Japan"- needed is behind the enthusiasm with the organization in connection with which all shades and varieties of prowhich all the Presbyterian and Re- hibition movements are supported by formed Missions in Japan are work- the Government and virtually all soing-is described by Rev. A. Oltmans, cial welfare organizations in this D.D., who says: "If anyone were in country. The prohibition movement doubt as to whether the Church of Christ in Japan is really self-governing or not, he needed but to attend

1926J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

is no longer the monopoly of religious country, it is becoming fashionable to workers, because intelligent people wear a cross. The wearers are almost everywhere have begun to manifest all young. Men will :fix the symbol to particular interest in the advance of their watch-chain or sometimes hide the movement." it in their pockets attached to a cord. Women wear it iii many ways. The Social Evil in Japan Student Marriage Problems COMMENTING on the campaign for social purity now in progress F E. C. WILLIAMS writes in The in Japan, the Indwn Witness, pub- • Korea Mission Field of a student lished in Lucknow, goes on to say: conference at which the subject of di- ,'Of all the great nations none has vorce was discussed from a Christian hitherto been so indifferent to the so- standpoint, and goes on to give the cial evil as the Japanese. Prostitu- following facts about the 144 boys in tion has been recognized as an avenue his own school. Eighty of them were of employment open to girls of poor married, and their average age at but respectable families through marriage was fifteen years. Their which they can not only earn a living eighty wives were classified according for themselves but provide for their to their education: None at all thirtyparents or solve a financial difficulty two (cannot even read Korean script), for the family. It has been a business knowledge of Korean script thirtytransaction and Japanese mothers two, Chinese letters ten, attending or have sold their daughters into houses graduated from primary school eight, of ill fame with no sense of shame. and none who were attending or are Girls who have willingly complied graduates of high school. The last with their parents' desires in this boy married was the only one who matter have been applauded. Con- had married a graduate of a pritact with the rest of the world has, mary school. He concludes: however, effected a change. New ideals have been absorbed and adhe- Surely one way to make for fewer dision to the League of Nations has re- vorces and happier marriages is to close the sulted in the official raising of the intellectual chasm betweeu the young men question of abolishing the system and their wives. This cau be done in several which has hitherto been protected by ways: later marriages where the young man the law." and young woman will have more to say re- garding the engagement, better facilities Japanese Wearing Crones for the instructiou of those who are now married, aud a different attitude on the part A LADY who has worked for of the parents. Pray aud work for better twenty years under the Church educated wives in Korea. Missionary Society in Japan, referring to the increasing influence of Student Service in Korea Christianity in that country, writes that after the earthquake of Septem- LAST year, at a student conference ber, 1923, it was not only easy to in Seoul, a young man volunbuild churches, it was also easy to teered to go back to his home and sell Bibles. Even second-hand New start a vacation Bible school. He had Testaments sent up from the country no money, but the pastor of the districts sold like hot cakes at night church in his home town, anxious to after meetings in the church in the encourage his spirit, gave him per- Fukugawa slums. She goes on to say mission to state his plans at the that the sale of Bibles and New Tes- church service. He was so much in taments inecreases yearly. That the earnest that the members that very New Testament is the best selling morning raised about $8.00 and gave book in Japan may seem strange; him the use of the church building for but, stranger still for a non-Christian the school. Here are the results: sixty children were kept busy at use- ful work and interesting games for six weeks. Fifty children learned to

read and write; they had never had elder pastors and deacons. You are such an opportunity before, for they never wise until you are old in Sawere too poor even to buy a pencil. moa." Many children learned to know Jesus as a friend, and have since that time Audralian Ohurch Union Plans become regular Sunday-school members. This is only an example of what FOLLOWING the example of their many students are doing in Korea for fellow-Christians in Canada, Presthe furtherance of God's Kingdom. byterians, Methodists and Congrega- tionalists in Australia have been ISLANDS OF THE SEA considering a plan of union on a de- fined basis of doctrine and polity. Filipino Lepers' Prayer List Though this plan has recently been defeated, the Australian Christian MRS. Frederick Jansen, American World states that the discussions have Presbyterian missionary in the been carried on in "an admirable Philippines, told at the annual meet- spirit of brotherliness" and aning of the American Mission to nounces that a standing committee Lepers of a prayer list made out by has been appointed for the purpose the Christians in the leper colony at of investigating "the origin and his- Culion. One would expect this list to tory of the doctrines, practices and consist of those among their own num- institutions of the Christian comber who especially need the prayers munions represented at the conferof Christians in this country, but in– ence. " Among other matters dealt stead it contains the names of those with by the Melbourne Conference in other lands for whom they are were the question of Sunday observpraying, and they ask Mrs. Jansen to ance, also the Church's attitude tosend the names of people she meets ward the marriage laws. here who especially need prayers. Some of the names listed are Marshal GENERAL Feng of China, Dr. McKean, the missionary from Siam who has visited ADlerican Mission to Lepers them, and the Shanghai Christians. AT THE annual meeting of this or- SaDloan Church Organization ganization, whose work is known all over the world, it was stated that THE London Missionary Society the economical management of funds has been at work for a century in makes it possible for the Mission to Samoa. Alexander Hough, in a ,recent own and manage, in conjunction with address before the Congregational the British Society, seventy hospitals Union in England, said of the present and asylums, besides aiding in special status of the Church there: "Samoa ways many others. The receipts for is nominally Christian. Every vil- the year 1925 were $169,729, a gain lage has its pastor, and every church of $23,000 over those of 1924. Dr. H. is self-supporting. Sometimes the A. Lichtwardt, of the American Pressupport seems very small: but each byterian Hospital in Meshed, Persia, village provides a house, food, and a told about a group of 120 lepers who plantation of coconuts. At the end live in extreme poverty and neglect of the year the village gives the pas- about two miles from his hospital, tor a gift in money. The Samoan whom he wishes to help with weekly group of ten islands is divided into medical treatments. These lepers seven districts, each of which is com- lack the initiative to come two miles plete in itself and is divided into to the hospital for treatment, so he smaller sub-districts. One of the fea- proposes, with financial help from the tures of the Samoan Church is the Mission to Lepers, to go to them, with Native Advisory Council composed of both medicine and the comfort of Christian teaching.

Unfinished Task of Foreign Missions. One lecture is devoted to the pres-

Robert E. Speer. 8vo. 351 pp. $2.75. ent economic and religious conditions New York. 1926. in India-their changes, difficulties, These lectures, deliveJ'ed in Janu- problems and outlook. What will be ary in Richmond, Virginia, and pub- the result of the Gandhi movement Y lished the same month in New York, What is the future before the outgive a very clear, up-to-date view of castes~ What influence is the Chris- the Christian missionary task in Asia tian Church in India exerting on· the and South America from an intelli- national li:feY What is to be the fu- gent, evangelical viewpoint. The ture of Hinduism and other religions world has been changing in the past of India ~ century and Dr. Speer shows that Buddhism is considered especially P,rotestant missionary methods have as found in Siam and the influence of also changed, though the motive and Christ is shown in personal testi- purpose remain true to those enun- monies of former Buddhists who have ciated by Christ and His apostles. come to know Him as their divine The non-Christian world has been Lord and ever present and powerful permeated with Christian influence Saviour.

and in many lands national churches Islam, the most determined oppo- have grown strong, but Dr. Speer nent of Christianity, is pictured as shows why the foreign missionary seen in Persia where there is an open task is still far from completed. The door to the Gospel and where Christ first lecture deals with the missionary has won many true followers. It is enterprise as an obligation resting on stimulating and encouraging to read all Christians and one in which we the testimonies of a number of con- have the assurance of victory. In verts from Islam who tell of their ex- spite of the prevailing unrest, con- periences in their old faith and in the Hicts, selfishness and sin, there is new. An evangelist who was edu- abundant reason for faith in the final cated in Urumia and has been preach- successful outcome. This lecture ing in Persia for a quarter of a cen- alone makes the book worthy of a tury, describes the remarkable change thoughtful reading and re-reading. that is taking place in Persian Mo- It contains not the author's opinion hammedans-even among the ecclesi- only but also the views of Asiatics astics.

who express the convictiop that the South America is given a full chap- Gospel of Christ is worthy of suprem- ter of fifty pages, filled with facts and acy and that Christ is conquering. testimonies gathered by the author in Dr. Speer draws largely from his his recent visit when attending the own observations and contacts made Montevideo Congress. The educa- during his recent tour through Asi- tional, social and religious progress atic countries and he describes some are clearly set forth. The evidence of the changes that have taken place produced on the attitude of the peo- since he made a similar tour twenty- pIe toward religion is especially five years ago. The material ~nd eco- worthy of notice, as is the report on nomic improvements, the progress in "The Evangelical Movement in South political self-government and the in- America. "

creased advantages are especially no- The "Unfinished Task" and "The ticeable. Here, too, some remarkable World's Need," in the two final chap- testimonies are quoted from Asiatics. ters; reveal the reason for continued 237

and increased effort on the part of quate religious experience and clear Christians at home to establish a convictions for a teacher of religion.

strong, Christian Church with edu- The chapters on the pupil point out cated evangelical leaders in all non- the great opportunity for molding the Christian lands. The most intelligent future generation; discuss the laws Christian leaders themselves in these of development, the characteristics of lands appeal for an increase rather various ages (very briefly), the gen- than for a diminution of missionary eral laws of instruction, mental tests, effort. The unfinished task is evan- the awakening of interest and the gelistic and educational, and is seen guidance of the imagination, emo- in the unoccupied territory in many tions and will or power of choice.

lands, as well as in the unreached The aim of teaching is shown to be classes, and in the need for Christ to the proper development of this power permeate all departments of life and of choice in following the true Way thought. of Life.

These lectures broaden one's hori- Parents and teachers at home and zon, add to knowledge, deepen sym- abroad will find it worth while to pathy, strengthen faith, and intensify study with Miss Slattery.

missionary zeal. What to Teach and How to Reaoh the You Can Learn to Teach. Margaret Slat- Young. George Goodman. 12mo. 246 tery. 12md. 223 pp. $1.35. Boston. pp. 3s net. 1925.

1925. Workers among young people will If you are a young teacher, inexpe- find here much of value on the prep- rienced 01' planning to teach, you will aration of addresses, the art of public- like this book. Miss Slattery is an ex- speaking, story telling, the use of perienced teacher of teachers and illustrations, and subjects for re- knows how to express technical prin- ligious addresses.

ciples in. language that novices will Directory of Protestant Missions in China. understand. She is intensely practi- Edited for the National Christian Coun· cal and draws on her wide experience eil. 451 pp. $3.00. Kwang Hsueh Pub. for a wealth of illustrative material. .co. Shanghai. 1925.

In this volume, which displaces her Like former editions, this Directory earlier "Talks with Teacher Training contains a list of the missions and mis- Classes, ' , she first discusses the sionaries of all Protestant societies working in China. They are classiteacher and then the pupil, unfolding fied under societies, by provinces and the pdnciples and aims especially of stations and alphabetically by name. religious teaching. There is compar- This compilation has involved an imatively little on method, oL.tside of mense amount of labor and its inforsome suggestions as to the project mation is of great value for reference. method of learning by doing. Questions for study and discussion follow Christian Work in South America. The Official Report of the Montevideo Coneach chapter and there is a rather in- gress. Editorial Committee, Robert E. adequate list of books for additional Speer, S. G. Inman anil Frank K. Sanders. study. 2 volumes. 12mo. 494 and 473 pp.

In the chapters on the teacher, Miss Slattery encourages every normal per- $4.00 net. New York. 1925.

son with the thought that he or she For those interested in the progress can learn to teach. The characteris- and problems of missionary work in tics of a teacher, the will to teach, the the southern continent, these volumes use of emotions, the development of furnish a mine of information and powers of observation, of memory and much of inspiration. They contain a reason, of imagination and religious full report of the Montevideo Con- experience are all dealt with help- gress, which was significant for the fully. Even more might be said large place given to the views of in regard to the necessity for ade- South Americans themselves in the reports of Commissions and in the dis- ing that of the Christian Jew, Catholic cussions. Sacramentarian, East and West, and The reports prepared in advance, the Protestant views, from the Refor- by special experts, and the discussions mation to the present day. His thesis based on them deal with the unoccu- is that salvation is the progressive ful- pied fields, the Indian population, fillment of personality. In developing education, evangelism, social move- it b.e considers its bearing on sin, for- ments and health. There are also (in giveness, the atonement, the world to Volume II) special reports on the come, and the significance of Jesus'

evangelical movement, the situation personality. The fact that the book in different countries and the attitude is a recasting of one's thinking puts of the people toward the evangelical a burden on the writer to generate a Church. The problems, policies and new and enthusia8tic spirit for the future program for Christian work carrying out of his evangelistic pur- deal with the Church and the com- pose-in which respect he fails.

munity, religious education, litera- J. F. R.

ture, the relation between native and A Daughter of the Samurai. Etsu Inagaki. Sugimoto. 8vo. 314 pp. $3.00. New foreign workers, cooperation and York. 1925. unity.

These two volumes are a vast store- This fascinating biogmphy is at house of facts that will repay careful the same time a most interesting book study. on Japan. .After a careful reading we Holy Places and Precious Promises. L. R. do not see where criticism could be Scarborough. 179 pp. $1.60. New York. fairly offered. The life story of this 1924. daughter of the Samurai begins with The president and professor of her childhood home and experiences, goes on through her young womanevangelism in the Southwestern Bap- hood, her conversion to Christianity, tist Theological Seminary gives here her coming to America, her marriage a record of sacred associations formed to a Japanese who was already in this country, the birth of two children, on a trip through Palestine in 1923. the death of her husband, and her The combination of impressions and varied experiences and observations in America, where she is now Instruccomments on scripture passages does tor in Japanese Language and His- tory in Columbia University, New not give much that is new, yet the York. This delightful book takes us book is of earnest devotional char- straight to the heart of the Japanese and makes vivid their lives, their moacter. The writer says: "My purpose tives, their manners and customs, their patriotism and their religion. is to lead you from the places dear to Of course all Japanese homes and all Christian hearts to the dearer and women are not like those described in this book, but neither are all Amermore precious doctrines gathering about these places." He takes the reader from Bethlehem to Nazareth, the Horns of Hattin, Capernaum, Gethsemane, Calvary, Joseph's Tomb, and Olivet. J. F. R.

Christian Salvation. George Cross. $2.50. ican homes and worn e n ideal.

254 pages. ,Chicago. 1925. Madame Sugimoto is a high type of This work opens' a1 an unusually the intelligent and cultured women of able and stimulating study of salva- Japan. In this time of prevalent in- tion. It offers a fresh treatment of ternational prejudices and suspicions, old theological ideas, putting its it is good to read a book like this with formulre in new terms in a way that its gracious account of the develop- quickens the reader's mind and often ment of a character which would challenges to deeper thinking. Dr_ justly be considered beautiful and Cross examines critically the various winning in any land. The English Christian theories of salvation, includ- style is so fine that the reader marvels that it could have been acquired by imals, utensils, implements and other one who had to learn our language objects associated with Bible times. after arriving at young womanhood. .Any discriminating student will find As a gift book f(} a young lady, this here a wealth of information but· volume could not easily be surpassed. many Bible scholars will dissent from some of the positions taken. A. J. B.

The New Standard Dible Diotionary. The Aim of Jesus Christ. A Critical In- quiry for the General Reader. William Edited by Melanchthon W. JaeobuB, D.D., Prof. Edward E. Nourse and Dr. Andrew }'orbes Cooley. 211 pp. $2.00. New C. Zenos. Maps and Illustrations. Quar- York. 1925, to. 989 pp. $7.50 cloth; $8.50 buckram; Professor Cooley, instructor in $12.5(}, three quarters morocco. Thumb Philosophy in Columbia, seeks to show index 75 cents extra. New York and the purpose of Jesus in His life and London. 1926. work for the benefit of the non-tech- nical reader. The book is written en- .A scholarly, informing and evan- tirely from the modernist point of view. Scientific positivism the author ~ooaelluicealtoBaibnlye Dictionary is of immense calls it. The ethical aim is to recon- Bible student, lea,rned or struct Jesus' objective and so throw light on present-day problems, espeunlearned. The editors of this new cially those relating to the issues of civilization, the Church, its mission volume are well known for their in- and duty. While well written it is doubtful if the interpretation of telligent scholarship and Christian scripture passages will be accepted by any but pronounced modernists. faith. Their work includes brief, but J. F. R. helpful, information on points of his- tory, geography, biography, arche- ology and social life in Bible lands as well as facts relating to books of the Bible. doctrines, s~cts and religious problems. The volume is not ultra- conservative, or ultra-liberal, but seeks to present the views of reverent Psychology and The Church. By Various students who accept many of the con- Writers. 203 pp. $1.50. New York.

clusions of the so-called "higher crit- 1925.

ics," especially on Old Testament Pastors of churches and Bible questions. The story of Creation, for teachers will find it helpful to read instance, is considered as containing two different accounts by separate and re-read this book. Each of the authors and as not in harmony with five chapters is an essay on some well modern science. The idea of the nat- defined phase of the general theme; "The Psychological Standpoint and ural evolution of religious ideas pre- its Limitations;" "The Progress and vails throughout the treatment of Old Testament subjects. The Book of Present Position of the Study of Psy- Deuteronomy is taken to be of late chology; " "T h e Psychology of authorship and found in the temple Prayer and Religious Experience;" in the reign of Josiah. The Book of "The Psychology of Moral Develop- Daniel is placed in the Maccabean pe- ment ;" "The Psychology of Spir- riod and is not considered historical; itual Healing." Jonah is taken as a parable. The This science is producing much that is helpful in the way of new methods, Gospel of John is accepted as authen- and is putting new instruments into tic and the work of the Apostle. The the hands of men by which they may vu-gin birth of Jesus and His deity influence their fellow beings. The and resurrection are alS(} strongly up- essay on prayer, and the chapter on held. spiritual healing are particularly This dictionary is a handy one-vol- well written. The balanced judg- ume work of reference and contains a ment of the writers is to be com- number of good maps and many illus- mended. J. F. R.

trations of monuments, buildings, an- (Continued on 3d cover.)

MISSIONARY LIBRARY Chinese Heroes in Legend and

William Munn. 94 pp. Is, 6d. Chnrch (Continued) Missionary Soeiety. London. 1926.

Christian World :Builders. Erwin Shaver. New Standard Bible Dictionary. Illus· 58 pp. Chicago. 1925. trated. 989 pp. $7.50. Funk & Wagnalls Co. N ew York. 1926,. Christian Young People and World Friend- ship. Erwin Shaver. 58 pp. Chicago. Bethesda. Anonymous. 299 pp. $2.00. 1925. Stratford Co. ·Boston. 1926.

These pamphlets suggest an excel- Christianity and Divorce. Frank H. Nor· lent plan for the project method in cross. 42 pp. 50 cents. Stratford Co. young people's groups. There is a Boston. 1926. lack of specific data and some instances of how such methods have The Bible as Missionary HandbOOk. Henry worked out in actual practice would strengthen the impact of this little A. Laphnm. 129 pp. 48 Ga. Heffer. manual. Source material is given, and some references are furnished. Cambridge, England. 1925.

J. F. R. What is Faith1 J. Gresham Machen. 251 pp. $1.75. Macmillan Co. New York. Reality in Worship. Willard L. Sperry. 1925. 346 pp. ~i2,.50. Ne'" York. 1925. The Task in Japan. August Kttrl Reis· Services of public worship may be chauer. 231' pp. $1.50. Fleming H. greatly improyed by the suggestions Revell 00. New York. 1926. in this book. Such chapters as "Reality in Worship" and "Worship as The Quest for God in China. F. W; S. Art and Science" will be very re- O'Neill. 264 pp. $2.50. George H. warding to the thoughtful pastor, Doran Co. New York. 1926. though one may not agree with all Dr. Sperry's judgments. He notes The Spirit-Ridden Konde. A R~cord of with concern the constant emphasis Twenty·four Years' Residence among on the scientific approach to Chris- These Shy Inhabitants of the Lake Nyasa tianity and feels that the preacher Region. D. R. Mackenzie. Illustrated. needs more of the artist's view of Map. 318 Pl'. 218. Seeley, Service Co. life. He makes a plea for the objec- London. ID25. tive rather than the purely subjective view, and suggests forms and liturgies South Africa: People, Places and Problems. to help the worshipper. J. F. R. W. H. Dawson. illustrated. 460 pp. 168. Longmans. London. 1925. NEW BOOKS Oriental Missions in British Columbia. N. The Unfinished Task of Foreign Missions. Lascelles Ward and H. A. Hellaby. Illus· R<lbert E. Speer. 348 pp. $2.75. Flem· trated. 128 Pl'. 38. Society for the ing H. Revell Co. New York. 1926. Propagation of the Gospel. London. 1925.

The Cost of a New World. Kenneth The Jew and Jesus. W. J. Conper. 24 pp. Maclennan. 185 pp. $1.00. Missionary 6d. United Free Church of Scotland. Education Movement. New York. 1926. Edinburgh and Glasgow. 1925.

How Shall Country Youth :Be Served r H. The Encyclopredia of Islam. Edited by M. Th. Houtsma, A. J. Wensinck, T'. W. Paul Douglass. 259 pp. $2.5.0. George Arnold, H. Basset and A. Shaade. 769· H. Doran Co. New York. 1926. 832 pp. 58. Bri!1 in Leyden and Luzac in London. 1925. Life Story of Alice Culler Cobb. Mary CuI· ler White. 240 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. A Concise Dictionary of Eastern Religion: Revell Co. New York. 1925. Being the Index Volume to The Sacred Books of the Ea8t. Edited by M. Winter- Diagnosing the Rural Church. C. Luther lIit.. 21s. Milfol·d. London. 1925. Fry. 234 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran Co. New York. 1924. The Quest for God in China. F. W. S.

A Survey of the Missionary Occupation of O'Neill. 272 pr. 7s 6d. Allen& Unwin. Egypt. With a special section on Cairo, by S. M. Zwemer. H. E. Philips. Charts. LOll<lon. 1925. Diagrams. Map. 20 pp. Nile Mission Press. Cairo, Egypt. 1924. Chinese Ancestor Worship: A Study of its Meaning ani! its Relations with Chris- tianity. James Thayer Addison. Intra· duction by Dr. Hawks Pott. 85 pp. 30 ~ents. Chung Hna Sheng Kung Hui. Tokyo, Japan. 1925.

Ventures in Inter-American Friendship. Samuel Guy Inman. 143 Pl'. 50 cents. Missionary Education Movement. New York. 1925.

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The Missionary Review of the World — December 1925

"OXENMOBILE" AT A. VILL·AGE SCHOOL IN

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Free Booklet of A Nelson Bible is 8. guarantee of the best character of printing, binding. paper, f:n w:l~e:so~;~~. latest and best translation. Two hundred styles binding and r 'THOMASNELSON& SONS A charming 36-page ____ … 386P-;-Fo'urthA-:~;:;-;;rk'Cit; I booklet entitled "The WonderfUl Story," published at 10e Authorized Publishers for the American Revision Committee. :~eC~~;';'n t~~l;~~ghh~r:e ~~es,B~~~ I W~e::rf~rsS:tor~~!;a~bfsn~o~se :Of~~li~it~ ~fe Yi~U~nb;o!a;~titled "The ~~~::t:n~fil~n~e~~ct;:~Evi~~!:: I Name …..•……..•………..•….••.•••••.•.•••••••••••• ~, ~e:!IOt~~:h~~~E~~'!.t~O;!~O!~D~ I Street No. . ……..•………..•………..•……..•…••••• IJ;;;;=====~==~,–~~I City . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State …….•..••••••• Please mention THE MISSIONABY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY of other busineS8 me.. to.' the 8IJreatJ REVIEW OF THE WORLD of Christianity.

DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor DR. WILLIAM W. PEET-MISSIONARY ADMINISTRATOR. AN D DIPLO- Contents for December, 1925 MAT ……….. CHARLES T. RIGGS 952 Pa.qe The contribution of a busine8S man to FRONTISPIECE ….. UNIQUE METHODS OF mi88Wn8 in the Near East. EvANGELISM IN ASIA A L I V E W IRE FR.O M CEYLON EDITORIALS … ,""" …….. ,' .. ,' 917 · …••..•..•…• HENRY ATKINSON 954 THE NEW ApPROA.CH TO ISRABL BEGINNING MEDICAL WORK AT SHOW- SYRlAN DISTURBANCES AND MISSIONS CHOW •.••..••• JOHN R. DICKSON 956 A MI S 810 NARY CONFERENCE ON THE INDIANS OF MEXICO AND CEN- AFRICA ' TRAL AMERICA …•…•.•••..•• HAWAlI, THE KALEIDOSCOPE OF THE • •………… GEORGE M. McBRIDE 958 PACIFIC •…•••.•. HENRY P. JUDD 923 BEST METHODS •……..•…..•••.•• A graphic picture oj the et/ort to unite • •…. EDITED By MRS. E. C. CRONK 961 many races into a Ohristia1t fellOwship. WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN 968 HAS THE MIS S ION A R Y MOTIVE CHANGED? ., .. ROBERT P. WILDER 931 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN .. 971 A study oj the appeals that challenged NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……….. 984 Christian students twenty-five years ago /compared with thOSe Of today. THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ………. 990 IIj:ASALA, FIGHTING MAN AND ELDER INDEX FOR 1925 ……..•…….. 997 .. , …… , ……. " … B. J. Ross 936 TElRMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clUbs of COOPERATIVE BROADCASTING TO THE five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, MEXICANS IN THE UNITED 25 cents, Published montbly. Copyrighted, STATES …. CHARLES A. THOMPSON 937 1925, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- PANY, INC. All rights reserved. How Christian forces in the southuest are reaching Mexicans with the Gospel TH'E MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING by a united mis8ionary program. COMPANY, Inc. A REMARKABLE JAPANESE WOMAN- ROBERT E. SPEER, President MADAME YA.rIMA •••.••…•••.• 944 WILLI.A.M. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President THE LAY MAN'S RESPONSIBILITY DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary ……………… RoBERT A. DOAN 945 WALTER McDOUGALL. Treasurer A busines8 man- who has reoently re- Publication olllce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, turned from a viSit to the Orient (Jives Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year his conClUsions as to the responsibilities Editorial and Business 011100, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Entered as seeond-Qlase matter at the P~t Office. Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879.

w. GRAHAM SCROGGIE Britain's Noted Bible Teacher will offer you every week in The Sunday Schoo! I Times, during the first six months of 1926, an exposition of the International Uniform Lessons, including: the historical setting of the lesson; the meaning of the text; its chief messages for the teacher's use; its most vital themes; its arbt ~atr ~dJlJlJl ahrrm ,/</1 devotional help for teacher and class. / / THE (l."oed every week) / / SlJImAY SCHOOL I Six contains not only this rich and comprehensive help in a sin£,le,every.. ./ I TIMES COMPANY I week article. but no less than thirteen other lesson~helps. Be- / ' " Box 1550 sides these, a wealth of special articles on Sunday~school .,., I PhiiadelpJ.· P methods, on research in Bible lands, and on present-day ;' .a, •• Inonths X~~~1!%8a~fo;~t:i:!~~:~~i~~~~ j:Udr~~i' ~~k:s:~~d~~er-// ;eO:J1h~~~d;;1ch!ll~::~~' pensable to the earnest Christian. Will YOu try it ? ,;"'" I for six months (26 issuE'S) to ~f~~C:i~~i~o~:t~~:i;'~~e~t~::~oO~e$;~5r~t~ ~J~b:,/ (26 i.sues) Name. . . . . • • .. • .. • .. • .. .. • . • . . • .• ,I dre.ses or one address. A dollar bill,,, $1.00 ~~i1~~p:;.it~ ;~~ f~~u~i~nlm~~l~3~~~e: ,../ Address …. " …••….•••.•..•••.•••…. , ~f.rour .JI,t PllauJ/nd me also a fret! roPJ !.———-________ ____________________ issues. /," rataloK of6t1Ok puhlicatlrms.

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Pastors Christ's coming brought joy to the world. We cele- Evangelists brate His birth by giving joy to others. Missionaries S. S. Teaehers What will you give to Missionary Leaders Your pastor, missionary,Christian workers or other Students of World's friends that will bring joy throughout the year and that will perpetuate the Saviour's work. Problems Christian Workers THE MISSIONARY as a real ~~WORLD Why not Christmas Gift? The REVIEW is send IUustrated It will contain maps and pictures from many lands, International articles on the need for the Gospel and the won- Interdenominational derful story of Christ's work in Asia, Africa, the Evangelical Islands, Europe, North and South America. Alive and Up-to-Date Authoritative Special Offer—Good until December 20, 1925 Inspiring SAVE $1.00. To Subscriptions for $4.00. The REVIEW has (One may be a renewal.) News from All Lands We will send an appropriate card announcing your Thrilling Life Stories Christmas and New Year gift to your friend. Best Methods for All Societies Live Material for Sermons Faet s for Missionary Talks Articles from Live Missionaries Best Book Reviews Appropriate Delightfol Inexpensi'l'e Continuous One subscription, $2.50. Two subscriptions, $4.00. (Regular price, $5.00.) ACT NOW!

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A TEMPLE OF THB HGOD OF Fum" USED AS A CHURCH IN CHINA UNIQUID METHODS OF EVANGELISM IN ASIA

DECEMBER, 1925

XLVlll TWELVE A NEW APPROACH TO ISRAEL T WO RECENT movements–the recrudescence of anti-Jewish agitation in various civilized lands and the development of Zio:qism-have served to focus attention once more upon the Jewish people. Their re-entrance into world prominence has led to an increased interest of Christians everywhere in the Jewish Problem. As a rebuke to the manifestations of racial prejudice and as a proof of good will to the Jews, recent steps have been taken to establish some bases of cooperation. The Federal Council of Churches has formed a Committee on Good Will Between Jews and Christians which is seeking to bring about better relations on the basis of mutual understanding. The committee frankly announces that its mission is not evangelism but good will.

Another movement in the same direction has taken place in England through the pronouncement of the Committee on Jewish Work of the Presbyterian Church at tho meeting of the General Assembly held last May. The only work for the .Jews carried on by that Church in England is at Bethnal Green, London. It has been conducted on the traditional lines of a .Jewish Mission, and the meagre results raised in the mind of the Committee the question of its continuance. The chairman, Professor "V. A. L. Elmslie, of Westminster College, Cambridge, with the committee, sought to make a thorough investigation of the situation with the purpose of developing a policy and program which could be reported to the General Assembly. A conference was held with two .Tewish scholars, Dr. Israel Abrahams, Reader in Rabbinic in Cambridge University and a leader of Liberal Judaism, and Mr. H. M. J. Loewe, a lecturer in Rabbinic -in Oxford University and a distinguished adherent of orthodox Judaism. These .Jewish leaders emphasized as immoral the use of material benefits of any kind to bring Jews within the reach of Christian propaganda and declared that it did not seem right to them to seek to make converts among children. They held that fair means of propaganda 917

would be "the public influence of hooks, the opeu teaching of scholars, argument between persons of relatively equal standing and education, and, best of all, the example of disinterested relief of human sorrow and suffering and all noble and unselfish living."

As a result of this conference, Professor Elmslie and his committee presented to the General Assembly recommendations disapproving of the use of "material benefits" as an inducement to bring people within the reach of religious propaganda, and asking approval of the committee's proposals "to initiate. a movement on new lines" in its work for the Jews. The program of activities, as outlined, included exchange of visits by literary societies in churches and synagogues, the preparation jointly by Jews and Christians of nonpartisan pamphlets; the publication of articles by Christians designed to remove bitterness and prejudice; cooperation by members of both faiths in institutes and settlements; the invitation of Jewish rabbis to address ministerial associations; games and contests among young people of both faiths; cooperation of church and synagogue in social welfare, temperance, and international peace; and the repudiation by Christians of prejUdice and persecution of the Jews.

As might be expected, such a pronouncement has stirred up both Jews and Christians, and has drawn forth comments of all sorts. The attitude of the Jews is fairly represented by the Jewish Chronicle, of London, which comments that the report "seems to mark a new era in the religious relations between Jews and Ohristians." and ad,.ds: "Jews will cordially welcome this indication of a more considerate and understanding attitude of Christianity towards Judaism. Naturally, in such matters, it is vital that Jews should approach the position without haste and with the fullest care. There are obvious reasons for this, one of them being that the danger of assimilation in the circumstances in which the Jews are placed, is quite as great, if not greater, when Jews are fed with honey as when they are plied with vinegar." American Jewish papers have been equally reticent about commending the action of the English Presbyterian Church, and for the same reason. The Christian TVark, of New York, heartily approves the attitude of the committee, with the comment: "The preaching is over. The practising may prove harder. It may prove also much more enjoyable." It certainly means something that the attention of Christians is being directed specifically to the Jews. The present is for them a time of crisis. Nothing less than a revolution has spread over the whole Jewish world. The passing of the ,Jews beyond the Pale into the larger liberties of the West has been attended by radical changes in Jewish life and thought. There has been a revolt against the a.rbitrary restraints of the ancient faith. Age-long prejudices are giving way. Many thousands are seeking the light. It is time that

EDI'fORIAI. COMMENTS ,919

the Ohristian Ohurch should recognize its responsibility for their spiritual welfare in this time of change. rfhat there is room for a new approach to the Jews, who can doubt ~ The history of Jewish missions has some inspiring pages, but no one pretends that a way has been found for the effective evangelization of the whole people.

Thousands have been won to the Ohristian faith, but the great mass of Jews still remains outside the fold unmoved and repellent.

Have Professor Elmslie and his committee discovered a new path of approach to the heart of Israel ~ Has the committee on Good Will of the Federal Council of Churches blazed a new trail toward the solution of the Jewish Problem? This at least must be said that Christian love alone can break a way through immemorial prejudices against Christianity and reach the Jewish heart. If the Gospel is ever to win the Jew it must walk that way of understanding. This is the hopeful aspect of these movements. They express sympathy and good will to a people who have experienced little enough of them in their past contact with Christianity. But it must never be for- gotten that it is the Gospel of Christ which the .Jew needs" and needs desperately. We may well hope, therefore, that these movements toward a better understanding of the Jew may also give to the Jew a better understanding of that Gospel which it is the Christian's supreme commission to proclaim. J. s. c.

SYRIAN DISTURBANOES AND MISSIONS T HE disturbances in Syria, where Druse and Arab tribesmen have attacked the French forces around Damascus, raise ap- prehensions in the minds of those interested in Syria and the missionaries working there. The Syria Mandate territory, under French control, is now divided into four political units: (1) Jebel Druze, to the southeast of Damascus, which was the starting point of the recent movement; (2) the Syria Federation, including Aleppo, Hamath, Horns and Damascus, these being prevailingly Moslem and nationalistic from the Arab standpoint; (3) the Alouite territory comprising Alexandretta and the northern coast, including the Nusairiyeh tribes, presenting the only pagan problem in Syria; and (4) Greater Lebanon, comprising the Lebanon Mountains with the coast cities of Tripoli, Beirut, Sidon and Tyre. In this last division the Ohristian political influence predominates even as it did under Turkish rule. .

In Damascus the principal missionary interests involved are the British Syrian Mission, the Irish Presbyterian, and the Danish Mission to the East. The last named is also working in the region north of Damascus and so is involved in the disturbances in Nebk. The American Presbyterian Mission has stations in Greater Lebanon and part of the Alouite district, neither of which has been affected serious-

iy by the rioting, but this mission is also vitally concerned at three points in the disturbed area, namely the city of Hamath, Aleppo and Deir Zore on the Euphrates. The American Board also has a station in Aleppo. As far as we know none of these has suffered any damage, but in the absence of advices to the contrary, it is probable that the work has been temporarily interrupted in Hamath and Deir Zore.

No report has yet come to indicate how much damage has been done to the physical equipment of the European societies occupying the disturbed areas. In any case such damages are not the most important features from the missionary standpoint. Naturally the most serious effects of such disturbances are not physical but spiritual. They are the effects, difficult to assess, that are found in minds and hearts. They are the resentments, the more potent because suppressed by force; the wounded self-respect of proud peoples; the nursed wrath, the long memories of outraged sensibilities.

This is the more serious because the West, which these people regard as the source of their wrongs, is also the direction from which missionaries come, and it would not be strange if the missionary enterprise were regarded as part and parcel of the Western program of occupation. It takes a discerning mind, and one adequately informed, to make the necessary distinction. Fortunately many of the leading Arabs can make it for they have been trained in mission schools and colleges or have been associated with those so trained and have been able to understand the non-political motives back of these Christian enterprises. Nevertheless the missionary must face his future task with the realization that he will find hearts further hardened by recent events.

A. second feature of the situation that can never be ignored is the fact that all political and social life in Syria is artificially divided along religious lines and these divisions have been used in devising the system of government. The ancient grudges between Christian and Moslem and between the Maronites and Druses make any concerted action difficult and call for the highest ability and most sympathetic understanding on the part of those who are called upon to govern.

Moreover Syria today is peopled with a society representing at one end the highest intelligence and culture, and at the other the most primitive wild life which expresses itself iIi banditry. General Weigand was able to silence the bandits and make the country safe, but Turkey herself was always able to do this when she wished to. That General Weigand's policy did not lessen the number of bandits except by the few that he hanged publicly in Beirut, is shown by the orgy of banditry let loose today.

Syria needs something more than the iron hand. She needs an understanding heart. If the confidence of the people is secured they

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

themselves can easily take care of the unruly elements in the population. It is only when this confidence is shattered, as in these r~cent months, that the forces of order seem to be paralyzed. But even in the midst of the recent rioting the leading Moslems were able to control the situation in their several districts in Damascus. It is to be hoped that the Mandate Power will be able to find governors who have the will to understand the aspirations of the Syrian peoples, to respect their customs, to oppose their faults and errors with tact and courtesy, and to work out with them as partners the solution of their difficult problems.

It is a great boon that the missionaries are on the field to help in this time of need. They may be counted on to exhibit that pedect sincerity of motive, and that unselfish desire to be helpful to all, which will disarm anger and resentment and will help to heal the wounds with the balm of love and sympathy.

STUDYING THE SITlTATION IN AFRICA T HE, GR.EAT resources of Africa and the possibilities of developing the continent are attracting increased attention from statesmen, business interests and Christian missionary agencies. Light is shining into the dark African interior from abroad and the continent is also being revealed more fully to the outside world by those who travel or reside there.

An important conferenc·e of Protestant missionary agencies was recently held in Hartford, Connecticut (October 30th to November 1st), to study African problems, and another of still wider range is to be held in Europe next September under the auspices of British missionary societies. The Hartford Conference was called under the auspices of the'F'oreign Missions Conference of North America, and was presided over by Dr. Thomas S. Donohugh, chairman of the Africa committee and associate-secretarv of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. One main topic discussed was education of Africans (led by Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones, who has recently returned from a tour of inspection).

Many educational, religious, social and economic problems are coming to the forefront in Africa because of the place the continent is taking in the eyes of the world. J. H. Oldham, secretary of the International Missionary Council, was one of the speakers who pointed out that now that European and American capital is pouring into Africa for the development of her industry and commerce (such as the proposed development of the rubber industry in Liberia), there are arising on a gigantic scale all the capitalistic problems of the West, as well as the political, racial, social and cultural problems which for generations have been awaiting solution in Europe and America. Industrial, commercial and governmental

forces are exerting an increasingly important influence upon the whole life of Africa so that there is need for closer cooperation between these agencies and the missionary and educational workers in the continent.

The problem of sleeping sickness, the dread disease which for more than two centuries has hindered the extended colonization and industrial development of Africa by Europeans, seems in a fair way to be solved by the discovery of "tryparsamide," an effective remedy that may in time practically wipe out the disease from the central part of the continent (according to Dr. Louise Pierce of the Rockefeller Founda.tion). The Belgian Government in the Congo is .treating about 50,000 patients per year with this remedy, and missionaries and philanthropic agencies are treating a like number. French and British government agencies are also treating many thousands.

The language problem in Africa is another important topic. Missionaries pointed out that one of the greatest barriers to educa- tional progress is the fact that Africa speaks about sao languages and dialects, and there is scarcely any literature in these tongues. The personnel and means of translating seem almost unayailable. In only three or four of the more largely used languages of the continent can one gather together a library of twenty books, while in most of the few that have been reduced to writing the entire available literature could be wrapped up in a handkerchief-two or three very small books. Mr. J. H. Oldham and Prof. Dietrich Westermann, of the University of Berlin, announced that there is under way a plan for the organization of an "International Bureau of African Languages and Culture," in which mission boards of America, Europe, and Africa and learned societies from all parts of the world will cooperate for the study of these languages, for the production of educational literature in them, and to serve as a clearing house and information center for those engaged in translation work. One of the :first activities of the proposed bureau would be to prepare a number of necessary volumes-such as an agricultural primer, book of health rudiments, etc.-in a basic tongue and founded on African experiences and conditions; it would then be translated into various tongues and dialects.

'n;Ve are living in a fool's paradise," said Rev. J. H. Oldham, "if we think that missionaries are to maintain their present influence in Africa. Missions are now, relatively speaking, at a standstill compared with the other influences-economic, political, governmental-which are changing the whole life of Africa. Industrial, commercial and government forces are now having a great influence, and there ought to be a greater cooperation between these agencies of civilization and the missionary and educational bodies working on the continent."

GIRLS IN HAWAII, REPRESENTING FIVE RACES-JAPANESE

HAWAIIAN, CHINESE AND FILIPINO Hawaii, the Kaleidoscope of the Pacific BY HENRY P. JUDD," HONOLULU, HAWAII Corresponding Secretary of the Hawaiian Evangelical Association FIVE years ago, the Centennial of the landing of the first Amer- ican missionaries was celebrated in Honolulu. The record of the early missionary days is a noteworthy one. The wonderful story of Henry Opukahaia (often called 0 bookiah), the first Hawaiian to visit in New England, had paved the way for this first mission in Hawaii. Coming to a land where the old religion had been overthrown by the people themselves, where the priesthood had been ridiculed, temples destroyed and idols thrown away, the missionaries of Christ found the hearts of the people open in a most wondrous manner. In time Hawaii became an independent Christian nation. The Hawaiians were great believers in education and the work of the American missionaries made not only for a people followers of Christ in belief and in manner of life, but also made for an all-round civiIizationin which the people were law-abiding and peaceful. The Hawaiians so firmly grasped the idea of the Christian religion as a missionary religion, that they sent missionaries to the Marquesas Islands and also to Micronesia. Eighty-three workers in all were *Garritt P. Judd , M.D ., the grandfather of the author, went ' to Hawaii in 1828 with the third company of American missionaries.-EDl'l'OR.

923

sent from Hawaii and the reaction felt in the life of the Hawaiian churches was a great stimulus to a strong, spiritual life. , The year 1863 marked an important epoch in Hawaiian mission- ary history, for at that time the Mission became self-supporting and self-directing.t Two elements were largely responsible for this new step: (1) The development of the spirit of independence and (2) financial stringency caused by the Civil War in America.

When the American Board retired as an agency for carrying on the work, the Hawaiian Evangelical Association was organized, rep- resenting the various Islands in the group, and including leaders among the Americans and Hawaiians. The character of the popula- tion had considerably changed since the advent of the first white man.

Probably 200,000 Hawaiians were living when the missionaries first came, but in 1860 there were 67,000 Hawaiians and 2,700 of other races. In 1910 Hawaiians numbered only 35,000, while other races had increased to 153,000, due to the large immigration of Chinese, Portuguese, Japanese, Spanish, Porto Ricans, Koreans, Filipinos, Russians and others.

When the Hawaiian Board of Missions, the executive body of the Hawaiian Evangelical Association, was formed in 1863, there were about 20,000 church members. This number declined steadily with the decline of population, so that in 1893 there were a little over 5,000 members. This number has now increased to more than 10,000, of which more than 4,200 are Hawaiians, 2,300 Anglo-Saxons, 2,300 .Japanese, 900 Chinese and the others Filipinos and Portuguese.

These figures of course apply only to the members of the churches composing the Hawaiian Evangelical Association.

Other religious bodies are also working in Hawaii. The Roman Catholic missionaries first began work in the Islands in 1827 and with the exception of an interval from 1831 to 1840, have labored successfully, largely among the people of the Latin races, but f.lso among the Hawaiians. The Mormons arrived in 1853 and have con- fined their attentions almost entirely to proselyting among the Hawaiian Christians. The Protestant Episcopal Church has for many years been doing a splendid work in upbuilding Christian char- acter through church services and other forms of Christian activity.

The Methodists, the Christian Church, Salvation Army, Christian Science and other religious organizations are also in the field. Of non-Christian sects, the Buddhists have a large representation among the Japanese, numbering perbaps close on to 100,000. Most of the Buddhist sects are represented in Hawaii and there are about one hundred temples. The Shinto religion is also represented here.

In spite of the fact that there are so many religious organizations at work, the Hawaiian Evangelical Association, being the oldest of its kind in existence here, feels it has a definite place to fill. The organization includes 108 churches, of which 69 are Hawaiian. Some t until l~~O. ~erICIl!l BQard practiclllJy withdrew at this time but continued to support the work.

I1AWAIl, TIlE KALEIDOSCOPE OF THE P ACJFIC

of these Hawaiian churches are small, and are gradually becoming weaker because of the loss of the population in the country districts. There is a tendency among the Hawaiian people to leave the country and come to Honolulu or Hilo, the second city of the group. This is due to the excitement of town life and of better opportunities for industrial advancement than may be found in the larger centers.

Hawaiian Christians have many admirable qualities. They are loyal to the" Faith of the Fathers," are faithful in church duties, in Bible reading and daily prayer and in their adherence to the early Christian ideals taught by the first missionaries. Some of the pastors have been remarkable for their ability to lead and care for their A SUNDAY SCHOOL GATHERING IN ONE OF THE RURAL DISTRlcrrs OF HAWAII people and in the pulpit there have been many preachers of real ability.

For the last few decades the work of missionaries has been broadened out to include all the races now resident in this group. The Chinese work was the earliest to be started among the Orientals, because the Chinese emigrants preceded Japanese, Koreans, Filipinos and other races from the Orient. The work among the Chinese has been carried on for about fifty years with gratifying success. Frank W. Damon did a remarkable work in the Fort Street Chinese Church in Honolulu, and was always looked upon during the years of his life as a great friend of the Chinese people of Hawaii. Of the 912 members of the Chinese churches, 720 belong either to the Fort Street Church, or the 2nd Chinese Church of Honolulu. But the Chinese churches have become enfeebled largely through the departure of the older Chinese from these country districts to the city, owing to the decrease in the rice industry in a large measure.

The rise of the .Japanese work has been most gratifying. In

1910 there were only 956 members of our Japanese churches; there are now 2,331, denoting a healthy growth. Eighteen churches scattered throughout the group minister to the needs of the Japanese population. The outlook of this phase of our work is most encour- aging, owing to the aggressive tactics of our preachers and pastors, reinforced by a vigorous Sunday-school campaign, which is being carried among the children of Buddhist parents. There is a tendency among the young Japanese to leave the religion of their parents, owing to the Americanization process steadily going on in our public schools. In spite of the vigorous campaign of the Buddhist priests, the young Americans, of Japanese ancestry, have a decided leaning toward accepting Christianity and American institutions. This struggle is going along quietly in the hearts of many of the young people and in spite of apparent failures here and there, the Christian way of thought and life is making strides forward among these young people.

. The work among. the Portuguese is maJpng but slow progress and there are only two evangelical cliurches in the Territory to minister to the needs of those who have left the Church of Rome and desire a freer expression of their religious sentiment and activities.

An element in the population which is likely to become the second largest of all the racial groups in Hawaii is that of the Filipinos. In 1906, immigration from the Philippine Islands was instituted by the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, and since that time the "Little Brown Brothers" have been coming into the Territory in increasing numbers. At first, the larger proportion of these were Tagalogs or Visayans, but in the last few years the preponderant proportion of the Filipinos has been the Ilocanos from the northern part of Luzon. They appear to be steadier and more industrious than their brethren from the islands of the south. Nominally Roman Catholics in their faith, a great number of them are so only in name, and are quite ready to listen to the evangelical message presented by the ten ministers and preachers in the service of the Hawaiian Board of Missions. Owing to the uncertain economic conditions prevailing among these people for the last year which were largely due to the strike inaugurated a year ago, it has not been possible to secure such abiding results in the church work as would most likely prevail when all wag peace and harmony in the Filipino population. These economic problems are being worked out satisfactorily, however, and the work of the various sugar plantations is steadying down. ·Our preachers have sometimes been placed in an embarrassing position before the eyes of their countrymen, as they have always stood for law and order and have frowned down upon measures urged by the strike leaders to secure the results at which they are aiming. In spite of the uncertain conditions, however, the outlook among these people is promising, especially in the Sunday-schools.

HAWAII, THE KALEIDOSCOPE OF THE PACIFIC

The Hawaiian Board is putting an increasing emphasis upon religious education and in training teachers for the Sunday-schools. In 1904, Mr. Theodore Richards, who has been Treasurer of the Board for almost a quarter of a century, founded an institution called the Honolulu Bible Training School. Its primary object for training Normal School students for teachers in Sunday-schools is being evolved in a remarkable manner. The enrollment of the school is nearly 350 and its graduates, numbering several hundreds, are taking an active part in the upbuilding of the Kingdom of God in the scattered communities up and down the coasts of the various Islands. A field worker aims to cover the Islands for the purpose of holding A FILIPINO CHRISTIAN CHURCH IN HAWAII Sunday-School Institutes and meeting the needs of the country schools by friendly suggestions and cooperation wherever possible.

The needs of the young people of the various races who all speak the English language are being met by programs which call for rallies, conferences, Bible dramas, inspiring addresses, etc. In Honolulu a church for these young people, most of whom are students in high schools or university, was established a couple of years ago under the name of "The Church of the Crossroads." This unique institution is more than an experiment, for it is succeeding in training a splendid group of young people in Christian doctrine and manner 6f.life, a group destined to be the leaders of the new generation.

The Honolulu Theological Seminary and Christian Workers' Institute occupies a plant adjoining the Mission Memorial Building, the headquarters of the Hawaiian Board. This Seminary affords a training for the various native workers and by working in connection with

the University of Hawaii, is able to produce workers with a splendid training to meet the needs of the Island population.

The Board has always believed in a broad interpretation of the Gospel and therefore has provided in its budget for the maintenance of social settlements in Honolulu and Hilo and in cooperation with the Oahu Sugar Company (the second largest sugar-producing company in the Islands) is operating a social settlement at Waipahu, the third largest town in the Territory. The Hilo Boys Boarding School, Maunaolu Seminary, Kohala Girls' School, and' Mid-Pacifio Institute of Honolulu, are schools that have been founded by the missionaries or their associates, with which the Board has always maintained most friendly relations of cooperation and sympathy.

The oldest paper published west of the Rockies, The Friend, founded in 1843, has had a great influence in forming public opinion. The Board publishes two other monthly papers, one in the Hawaiian language and the other in the Filipino dialects.

The headquarters of the Board are adequately housed in the Mission M!'lmorial Building on South King Street, directly opposite the Old Mission House. This old Mission House was built in 1821 and is the oldest frame building in the Islands. It is adjoining the Kawaiahao Church building, the oldest evangelical organization in the Territory. The Mission Memorial Building was erected in 1916, to commemorate the remarkable services of the missionary fathers and mothers: It is a beautiful, substantial and useful memorial to the pioneers of Christian civilization in Hawaii.

The Board considers this a new era for four reasons: (1) There is a growing cooperation among the various races in Christian work; whereas misunderstandings used to arise frequently, now the various peoples who follow the Master are growing together in closer bonds of sympathy and service, as they realize that we are all one in Christ and that we must all stand shoulder to shoulder to meet the attacks of the common enemies of paganism: indifference and false religions.

(2) The young people of Oriental parentage and heritage desire services in the English language, and the Board is meeting this need wherever possible in the racial churches. Several of the Hawaiian churches have English preaching service once a Sunday or once a month, and in the Japanese and Chinese churches, English sermons are becoming more and :rr..ore the custom. There seems to be scarcely any limit to the amount of work that may be done among the young people, especially of student groups. They are responsive to the Christian appeal if it is made in a reasonable, sane and forceful manner, backed up by the personality of the preacher.

(3) Educational Work: The Board believes in training young people, not only in education and along practical lines, but also in

ttAWAlt, THE KALEUDOOOOPE OF THE PAciFic

AN EASTER SERVICE AT SUNRISE, ON PUNCHIlOWL HILL, HONOLULU

civic righteousness, patriotism and general fitness to become members of the body politic.

(4) Evangelistic Effort and Spiritual Uplift: Evangelistic campaigns are carried on throughout the Territory from time to time, not by imported evangelists but by using our own workers through transferring them temporarily from their fields. This is especially true among the .Japanese and by means of a house to house canvass, mass meetings and others forms of effort, our Japanese preachers, thoroughly aroused to their opportunities, are meeting with great success among the older people and the younger ones.

In Hawaii, as in communities throughout the mainland, there is a zealous struggle of those who are adherents of the pure Gospel of Christ to maintain the ideals of life represented by the Master.

Perhaps the hardest field of effort IS among the Anglo-Saxons. The Hawaiians and Orientals naturally turn to them for leadership and follow their example in church life as they do in business, social and other relationships. The Central Union Church, with a membership of close on to 1,400, is the largest single church organization in the Territory, and holds a commanding position in the city of Honolulu, through its long history of usefulness and the social prominence of its membership. It maintains a vital touch with China, through supporting several missionaries in that large country, and it also maintains a great interest in the work of the Board, in fact, many of the Board members are also members of this church.

THE ORIGINAL AMERICANS M EXIco, when the white man discovered it, was inhabited by the Aztecs, a people with a high degree of civilization. They had excellent government and laws, good highways, well developed mines, industries and arts. Their Temple of the Sun is one of the great monuments of antiquity.

In Peru, the Incas had the other great ci.vilization of original America. They had developed a specialized agriculture and had made terraced gardens. They had built great suspension bridges with neither iron nor steel in their construction. Their structures of huge stones were almost as wonderful as the Egyptian pyramids.

In Chile are the Araucanians, the only aboriginal tribes who have never been conquered by the whites. They are a self-reliant race of superior native ability and are law-abiding citizens. They are foodgrowers, and have good industries.

In western Paraguay are the largest body of savage Indians in South America. They are practically independent of the neighboring republics, adorn their body with few clothes and tbeir faces with much paint; they eat mainly fruits, roots, reptiles and the succulent caterpillar. They live in constant fear of demons and hide from the white man in almost impassable swamps, protecting themselves with long, powerful bows and barbed arrows. BY ROBERT P. WILDER, NEW YORK General Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement T HE history of missions, like any other historic presentation of men's spiritual and practical actions, is a progressive de- velopment. It changes and adapts itself to successive con- ditions as the generations march by. But the heart of the movement remains essentially the same. Whether one record missionary motives in 1825 or in 1925, there is one definite motive and model to govern us, namely, Christ's last command.

After the early centuries the apostolic missionary flame died down. Only in the conversion of the tribes of Northern Europe was there an upstarting flare. Then came the Middle Ages, when with exception of the work of such men as Raymond Lull and FranCIs Xavier, obedience to our Lord's Commission languished. Reforma- tion days were so occupied with the removal of errors within the Church that little missionary activity existed. Then came a recru- descence of missionary enthusiasm, with the Moravian missionary movements (beginning in 1701); the formation of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in England and the Danish Mission to India early in the same century. 'Vith the opening of the nine- teenth century, came the real stride forward in missions and American endeavors were added to the stream fed by other nations.

What was the nature of the missionary motive one hundred years ago? In those days, the missionary was mainly recruited from ministerial ranks. It was the preacher who had laid upon his heart a special call to go unto the unevangelized. A pioneer evangelist was preferred. Youth and the ability to follow an itinerant calling were prerequisites. Educated men who could save souls, who were also practical men-men who went for no sake of adventure except for the glorious adventure of presenting the Lord's cause–men who were ready to die if need be in the fulfillment of their calling-men whose lives were dominated by prayer, Bible study, and good works.

The motive for going most often mentioned was the constraining love of Christ and consecration, resulting in obedience to the Great Commission to carry the Gospel into the "regions beyond," where churches did not exist, and where Christ was not yet known. Because there were so many open doors into new fields, because the harvest was so plenteous and the laborers so few, many preachers in the homeland were urged to go into foreign fields where there was greater opportunity to save souls from darkness and death.

There must have been times when it was exceedingly difficult to find men of this caliber to go forth. Many could not stand the 931 rigors of an extreme climate and primitive living. Others would not see in such fields an opportunity to use brilliant talents. It was not enough even to be swayed only by a sense of the worthiness of the undertaking, and a general desire to do the Will of God. Wholehearted consecration-not merely the greatness of the need-must be the distinct basis of the pioneer missionary.

Even in 1830 the idea that men of lesser ability would do for missions was regarded as unwarranted. "However otherwise it may have been in former times, it is now the sure evidence of a debased heart or an impoverished mind to sneer at the missionary. The title of missionary, even among the most wicked, is no longer a synonym for weakness, fanaticism, and ignorance," said a writer in 1838. Such an idea would have tended to lower the character of all the operations connected with the evangelization of the world. "I cannot well conceive of any field of missionary exertion," wrote one author in 1831, "where high intellectual powers may not have the finest and most useful display. In an acquisition of languages, in plans for the amelioration of the people, in acquiring influence over them~a man of quick. perceptions and energetic character does more in the course of a few years, than weaker men could in a long lifetime." The conception that savages or people of low cultures had mind., so easily overshadowed by the usual mentality of Christians that it would be an easy matter to master them, was quickly overthrown. The power of reasoning, often discovered in mere savages, showed that no one could be sent out to primitive lands who was either ignorant or stupid.

In the years between 1825 and 1835 came a new departure in missions, the advent of a mode of evangelization which can explain the subsequent subdivisions into various branches; educational, social, industrial, literary, etc. Medical missionaries were sent out, not simply to be attached to the important missions, but to do pioneer work. Said a writer in 1838, "It is meant that these men should be unmarried, generally itinerant, and left to the providence of God to direct to their fields of labor, to combine the qualifications of healing and preaching." About fifty years later, another writer referred to "the most rapidly successful of modern missionary efforts-medical missions …. , In all climes and countries, among those of all degrees of advancement in civilization, it has ever been found that the healing of the body, as in the days of our Lord's own work on earth, opens the way better than any other mode of operation, for the healing of the soul."

In the years of 1875-1925 there has been a further development along specialized lines in educational, industrial, secretarial and social work. In our zeal to send out men and women fully equipped for this specialized work, has there been a tendency to neglect the supreme aim of the missionaryY Comparing the decade of 1875- 1885 with the decade 1915-1925, I believe that we will find the mis- sionary motive, while revealing an elaboration in expression, is essentially the same. One author, writing in the earlier years of the last half-century said: "Missionary work is prompted supremely by the constraining love of Christ. This is a lofty standard but it is a true standard, and should never be lowered. It is to be feared, however, that to many persons missionary work means little or nothing more than a civilizing agency …. but this is only a secondary pa"rt of his mission …. The language of the true missionary every- where in our day is precisely that of the first Great Missionary whom the world ever saw: 'The love of Christ constraineth us.' "

The missionary did not tamper with the truth, did not "Shut his eyes to facts, did not believe sin to be harmless, yet none the less he was constrained at every step by the supreme love of Christ in his soul, to obey the specific command to "disciple all nations." These consecrated Christians did not believe that we should wait until distant nations came to our shores, nor until the influence of the Gospel should indirectly and slowly permeate the world, but they heard the call to go to the nations in the places which God had given them for dwelling places. The true missionary spirit was marked by readiness to empty oneself, like the Master, to sacrifice the lesser things for the greater. Moral heroism and an apostolic enthusiasm were demanded. A definite conviction was the need that God had called a man for the duty of preaching the Gospel. After that every step was of necessity subject to successive manifestations of God's will-in equipment, preparation and entrance into work of soul winning.

Now turn to the analysis of the missionary motive as enunciated by a Student Volunteer who went out in 1924. He had a burning message on his heart: "I believe the whole thing comes down ultimately to a question of consecration. Each of us has at some time felt that we had made a surrender of our lives to Christ. And yet the test of that surrender is not so much to what place we go, as in the quality of our lives. There is a very general dislike of this word 'surrender' in our generation. We say that it smacks of the narrow and the old-fashioned and that it gives a degraded impression of human nature. But I strongly suspect that for many of us these are excuses rather than reasons and that our real dislike is chiefly because the word has a kick in it. In the field of science we do not object to it; where would science be without surrenderT …. "

This young missionary goes on to say, "The only way in which the principles of Christ can become effective in your life or mine, the only way in which we can measure up anywhere near to His standards, is by letting Him manage our lives…. Are we egocentric or Christo-centric1 The test lies in this; what difference does Christ make in us, and what difference does He make in others

through us 1 '" . We must 'let go,' just as though heaving a huge sigh of relief. Not for a moment will this mean for us a life of negativeness or of passivity. We shall find that we are more active than before, that we are actually doing more, but on a very different plane. We 'shall be plunged into the things which God wants us to do, with a sense of overflowing zest and power. In this we shall be able to forget ourselves, to cease that tense straining to improve ourselves, and let Him dominate and contl'ol and change us. 'For it is God who worketh in you, both to will and to work for His good pleasure. ' And then God does it! This has been the testimony of Christians from the very beginning, and still is today. Two things which seem to be absolutely essential, both to the maintenance of our spiritual vitality and to the advancement of Christ's Kingdom, are prayer and contagion. …… It is impossible to describe any method of winning others to Christ, for there is no special method. Everything depends upon a quality of life that is contagious and upon the power and guidance of the Holy Spirit."

These. voices out of the past and present answer the question as to whether the true missionary motives are the same today as th(jy were fifty years ago. Is there :1, change in the appeal today from that which obtained fifty years ago ~ Yes and no. The foreign field is more varied, more complicated, more sophisticated with the rising tide of nationalism, with the onrush of Western industrialism and with the growth of indigenous church leadership. But the essential need is the same, the hearts of men are practically the same, open to the same vices and pitfalls, and susceptible to the identical heights of inspiration and glorification of the love of God.

The other day a group of students was discussing this topic and made some interesting remarks. One quoted, "There is only one religious problem in the world today, and that is the problem of sin, and only one religious solution 'God in Christ taking the sin upon Himself and bearing it away.' " Another said that students may not say that Christ saves from sin, but if we give them the job of trying for one day to hold up Jesus Christ to keep from doing unworthy things, they will see the meaning of redemption from sin. They have to be brought to see that Jesus Christ is more than the first Christian as Luther was the first Lutheran, that He not only came to point out a way, called "Jesus' way" but that He Himself is the way, the life and the truth. Some think that the older missionary motive was simply to go and te11 what Christ means to you individually, but that the present-day motive has come to mean to go and tell what Christ means corporately to people. But missionaries like Carey and Livingstone were profoundly interested in bettering social conditions as well as in saving individuals. One cannot do great things socially unless Christ means much to one individu. ally, and this must be told to others as individuals, for society is composed of individuals.

Possibly the greatest change in the last half century has been in the order of emphasis in presenting the missionary motive. When the S. V. M. began the order was usually-first, the charter for missionary work as it is found in the Bible; then the greater success abroad compared with that at home in proportion to the laborers employed and money expended. Then the greater need was stressed, frequently followed by the reflex influence of foreign missionary work upon home churches. Today the Biblical basis of missions is more apt to be placed after human need has been presented. A larger emphasis illan formerly is laid on social, racial and international problems; as much is not said about the future condition of the unevangelized as upon their present need. The Biblical argument is based not so much on special verses as on the Scriptures as a whole.

Today, as in former years, consecration to the cause of Christ and dependence on the power of the Holy Spirit are necessary to produce abiding results. The cause of Christ is advancing on the foreign field and this could not have been accomplished without consecration.

SOME GREAT PRAYERS "0 Lord give me souls or take away my soul." GEORGE WHITEFIELD, the farnmts English Evangelist.

"Here let me burn out for God." HENRY MARTYN, missionary, kneeling on Ind!:(t's coral strands.

"Lord, W Thee I dedicate myself. 0 aecept of me and let me be Thine for ever. Lord, I desire nothing else, I desire nothing more." DAVID BRAINERD, missionary to the North American Indians, 1718-1747.

"Give what Thou wilt, and how much '£hou wilt, and when Thou wilt. Set me where Thou wilt and deal with me in all things just as THOMAS a KEMPIS, 1379-1471. 'fhou wilt."

"Use me then, my Saviour, for whatever purpose and in whatever way Thou mayest require. Here is my poor heart, an empty vessel; fill it with Thy grace." DWIGHT L. MOODY.

"Do Thou, my God, do Thou, God, stand by me against all the world's wisdom and reason. Oh, do it. Thou must do it. Stand by me, Thou true eternal God."

MARTIN LUTHER, when called before the Diet of Worms.

"0 Lord, send me to the darkest spot on earth." JOHN KENNETH McKENZIE. Prayer 'IS !); young missionary candidate.

"Lord, save Fiji, save Fiji. Save these people. 0 Lord, have mercy upon Fiji; save Fiji."

JOHN HUNT, missionary to the Fiji Islands, when dying. Masa1a, Fighting Man and Elder BY REV. B. J. ROSS, CUNNINGHAM, SOUTH AFRIOA Missionary of the United Free Chureh of Scotland M ASALA, for the first forty years of his life a heathen savage, became, after long Christian experience, the leader of a strong church Session. Tall and slender, lithe and active in spite of threescore years and ten, handsome, with quite marked Semitic features, always smiling and genial, but steel hard if need be, he was a man loyal ever to his minister, but of quite independent mind. The small congregation he had built up was remarkable for two things, the large number of children who accompanied their -parents to church, and the large number of young men who joined the Chureh as converts from heathenism and became fit to be office-bearers of value.

Masala Upisane trained them. He was an aristocrat, and had been the fighting man of a fighting clan. No beer-drinking tulzie or faction fight was right for his section of the clan unless he was leading. His head bore many scars of clubs; none behind. l'Jven in his fighting days he was known as the fighter who fights and laughs, and in his Session days he plways kept smiling.

On one occasion, during a great clan fight, Masala and his son sat quietly at home. Much surprised, the missionary asked a Christian how he could ignore his chief's call.

"Oh, he! he is not like the rest of us. The very boys know that he is a warrior of fame, all men know that he is a Christian to whom bloodshed and drunkenness is an abomination. 'I'he chief knows quite well that to him the word of God is greater far than the word of any chief. He is a man by himself: we must obey the chiefs. If they will fight and Masala cannot stop them, he says, 'Fight away, but keep well clear of my village. I am done with such things.' "

He was taken ill, and once and again the missionary visited him. Then there came a special messenger saying the old man wished to see the missionary. I at once rode down. The old man, now about eighty, was very weak, but spoke of many things. After prayer and reading Psalms 23 and 27 by request, I said, "The sun sinks and I have far to ride, I must go." "Yes, you must go; there is no moon tonight. I thank you much for ('.oming. I wished to see you once more and bid you farewell. I would like you to come down and bury me." Taken aback, I said, "Are you certain you are going~" "Yes, I know I am going very soon. Under this sun I see you no more." "How are you going'" "I go in peace." "Whereon does your peace rest?" The old man raised himself with an effort and said, "Missionary, long, long years ago the Son of God saw me when I was a thing of naught. He spoke to me and I resisted Rim. Still He spoke to me in mercy and in patience; still I resisted Him. He laid His hand heavy upon me and He overcame me. He lifted me from a fearful pit, the vileness of which you know nothing, and He put my feet on a rock. For long years He has been rich in mercy, great in patience, and very faithful. I am going, and I go into the darkness on a journey of which my fathers knew nothing and told nothing. But this I know, wherever I go and whatever I meet,.He is with me, long-suffering and slow to wrath, faithful and true. And so it is I go in peace."

Broadcasting to the

in the United States· BY REIV. OHARLES A. THOMSON, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. "E! Buen Pastor"-Ohurch of the Good Shepherd T HERE were three of us in the office. Dr. Aye was the super- intendent. of Mexican work for-well, let us say denomination X. Mr. Bee held a similar position in denomination Y. And I was the host and of neither X-ites or Y-vites.

"Now about Pueblo Ninguno1" asked Mr. Bee. His words called to mind a picture of the "Mexican town" of one of the older settlements in the Southwest: streets of grey dust splashed with the brilliant light of an exhaustless sun; a fringe of unpaved sidewalk; rows of one-story adobes or wooden shacks built flush up to the street line; through the narrow doorways glimpses of shadowed interiors; old grandmothers sitting at peace with folded hands; the still symphony of a mother and babe; the joyous flash of little children; flowers here and there and a few plants, green in spite of the desert heat; and above all a blue, blue sky.

The Y-vites had built a little chapel in "Mexican town" ten years before and the work had gone forward bravely, if not perhaps brilliantly. But suddenly a new factor appeared. Only three blocks from the little chapel another Protestant center was opened-and by the X-ites. The consent of the Y-vites was not sought nor were they even consulted.

"Now about Pueblo Ningun01" asked Mr. Bee, and Dr. Aye looked embarrassed. "Please don't think I had anything to do with that," he protested.

"Well," said Mr. Bee, "I have come to think the opening of that second center was not so bad. I told our Mexican pastor there that it would be much better to have in that community the impact of two Protestant centers instead of one. "

" And," he continued, half in jest, "I told him that after the X-ites make the people Protestant, then he can go in and turn them into Y-vites."

We laughed, but there was silence for a moment in the office. And another scene flashed into mind, the picture of a group of young men gathered together around the supper table. .The place was quiet and secluded, the spirit evidently one of intimate comradeship. Yet somehow over all hung an atmosphere of tension, of expectation, of the inquietude of impending separation. One of the group quietly rose, his eyes big with vision, as he looked out beyond his companions, out into the future. And as a sudden hush fell, there came the words: "Father, all mine are thine and thine are mine; I pray 937

that they all may be one; as -thou, Father, art in me and I in thee, that they also may be one in us; that they may be one even as we are one."

A cough broke the silence in the office, and I came back to the twentieth century-where Jesus' unanswered prayer remains unanswered still.

We who work among the Spanish-speaking people of the Southwest are as yet but toddlers along the way of interdenominational cooperation. Or to change the figure, too often our nose is so deeply inserted in the affairs of our own individual church or denomination that, even without the blinders of prejudice, our view is simply "straight to the point "-our point and no other. Too much are we interested in setting up our own gospel radio, to broadcast our own particular preachings and program. The idea of "cooperative broadcasting" is still young, but it is young, and so growing.

The magnitude of the task before us is making for cooperation. If we saw in our morning paper this headline, we should probably be startled-"U. S. Extends Border Southward-Takes in Population of Mexico's Six Northern States." Such a headline, of course, would be misleading. The United States is not extending its border southward, nor does it contemplate any such move. But it is true that we have already within our borders a Spanish-speaking population, almost equivalent to the total number of people living in the Mexican states of Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, and the territory of Lower California.

If we could by some Gargantuan maneuver transport to north of the Rio Grande, all the people now inhabitants of Mexico's national capital, Mexico City, of her chief seaport, Vera Cruz, and of the capital cities of her twenty-eight states and two territories, "ye should have a Mexican population only one third larger than the one now dwelling within our borders. We are accustomed to think of large groups of Russians and Czechs in our country. Yet the 1920 census put the number at about 700,000 for each, while conservative estimates place the number of our Spanish-speaking people at 1,500,000, and many raise the total by a quarter of a million more. We can say that at least one tenth of Mexico's population is now living within our gates.

It is our habit, of course, to think of the Mexican as living exclusively in the S.outhwest. And the four states of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California, it is true, can account for the majority. But Colorado, Oklahoma and Kansas also have goodly numbers. The Mexican consul in Chicago reports 20,000 as living in and around that city. It is announced that a leading sugar company in Michigan spends half a million dollars yearly to transport the thousands of Mexican laborers needed for the culture of the sugar beets. The steel mills at Homestead, near Pittsburgh, are planning

BROADCASTING TO 'rUE MEXWANS IN THE UNITED STATES

PROTESTANT WORK AMONG MEXICANS IN OAI.IFORNIA

a $300,000 barracks for their Mexican laborers. The Mexican in answer to the Macedonian call of our industries, "Come o~er and help us," has not only crosl'ied the border into the Southwest, but is rapidly being drawn into the North and East of our country. He may soon live next door to many of us.

Faced with this great and growing problem, the words of Dr. Charles E. Vermilya, of the Home Missions Council, cannot be denied: "No Protestant denomination has men enough efficiently to man the fields it is now trying to serve. Not one has means sufficient, a~ai1able to support properly a satisfactory program of work in these fields." We cannot ser~e adequately the fields already occupied; and what of those still unoccupied, whose calls are constanU If Protestant cooperation cannot be realized, it will be a case of Protestant non-operation in many sections.

The difficulty of the problem, as well as its magnitude, is making for cooperation. We must not forget that the Mexican is with us because our industries need him and want him, and cannot get along without him. He brings to us his labor, and many another worthy gift. But -he also brings to us the social problem of his po~erty, the educational problem of his ignorance and illiteracy, the moral and religious problem of his weakness and superstition. Let us sketch but a few broad lines.

Not so long ago we found in San Francisco a Mexican family of three adults and eight:children. They were living in three little rooms where the furnitu~e -consisted of a roll of tarpaulin on the floor for bedding, some pots and pans, and an oil stove with two burners, one of which did not burn, and the other only with alarming fits and starts which momentarily imperiled the safety of the household. That was all. There were no beds, no chairs, no comforts. The clothing of the children was scant, and two of them were sick. The man was without work and the family without funds.

The picture of this family may ser~e us for a ~i~id, if slightly heightened, description of the socia] conditions of a large number of the Mexicans now with us. Such is the effect of their po~erty, which results in malnutrition and disease, and of their ignorance, which shows itself not only in illiteracy, but also in a lack of knowledge concerning the practical arts of child-rearing and home-building, that the director of the di~ision of Child;Welfare of the Los Angeles Health Department can state: "The Mexican infant mortality under one year of age is three times that of the white, although it is a fraction o~er 21% less than it was a year ago. There is more poverty and squalor among the Mexicans than among all the other foreign populations combined." But this material need is only a manifestation of a deeper spir- itual need. Speaking recently to a ~eteran social worker, whose o.rown of silvered hair bore testimony to her twenty-fi~e years of

BROADCASTING TO THE MEcXIOANS IN THE UNlTElJ ST'ATES

untiring endeavor among Spanish-speaking people, I heard this testimony: "All social work among these people which does not have a spiritual basis is wasted. What they most need is to have the Ten Commandments built intQ their character. It is their soul which must be changed."

To bring to our Mexican neighbors a ministry adequate to their needs, radical and complex as they are, calls for not only the esoteric wisdom of the solitary individual and the peculiar point of view of the single denomination, but the cooperative counsel and the united wisdom of all those working in the field. Anything less will be insufficient in the face of the difficulties of the problem.

For decades past a number of the denominations have been at work among the Mexicans-the Baptists, both North and South, the Congregationalists, Disciples, the northern and southern branches of both Methodists and Presbyterians, and several others. Hundreds of churches and preaching points are being maintained; schools are caring for the children and young people, and hospitals and clinics for the sick. In the larger cities, important social centers have been opened, with an intensive program of clubs, classes and other activities, in addition to their religious services. Each denomination has sent forward its own company of Christian soldiers. And on the combat line, they have already begun to fraternize, and to seek that support which friendship and fellowship in a common cause may bring.

In Southern California, for example, the Mexican pastors and workers have directed for years an annual" Convention of Mexican Sunday-schools and Young People's Societies." This has been attended by the native workers of all the leading denominations actively engaged in that region; informational and inspirational addresses have been given; and mutual acquaintance has led to mutual understanding and sympathy.

For the past decade or so, there has also been held an annual meeting of the Interdenominational Council on Spanish-Speaking Work in the Southwest, a subsidiary organization of the Home Missions Council. It is attended by board and field representatives, superintendents and missionaries engaged in the social, educational and evangelistic work of the various denominations. Topics of common interest are presented; common problems are discussed; and the interchange of opinion and experience has slowly built up a common consciousness and a desire for more effective forms of cooperation. Comity arrangements have been worked for a large part of the Southwest; and though the course of cooperation has not always run smoothly, much overlapping and duplication of effort have been eliminated and avoided.

Yet the members of the Council have felt that so far too little has been accomplished. There has been much talk of working to-

gether, but little actual cooperation; many plans conceived, but few achieved. The Council in its annual meetings has been able to think cooperatively, to legislate, as it were; but it has lacked an executive agency to carry out its projects.

It behooves us to remember that like little children-and we are little children in cooperation-we really learn by doing things, not by talking about them. The only way to learn to work together is to work together. We assume that cooperative thinking must prepare the way for cooperative action. But more often cooperative action lays the foundation for cooperative thinking. We only learn to discard the categories of "mine" and "thine," and say "this is OUt's" when we have worked together on a project.

Accordingly the Council chosfl at its last meeting an executive secretary, who is to give at least part time to developing those cooperativ.e coordinations which are desired. A beginning will be made naturally with those projects for which general need is felt. Of course, it must always be kept in mind that the goal of cooperation is not centralization, but rather that uuity of spirit and purpose in Christ, which can say in all sincerity and unselfishness, "All that is mine is yours and w.hat is yours is mine."

A directory of all the Mexican work in the Southwest has long been wanted-a booklet which will give the name and location of all Protestant churches, schools, social centers, ministers and workers. Given the migratory character of so many Mexicans, it is important that they know the location of the Protestant center in the town of their destination. It is desirable that the program of the many schools established in the Southwest be studied to discover possible gaps and distribute attention more evenly to all needy groups. Special interest centers in the establishment of interdenominational seminaries and training schools for Christian workers, young Mexicans who can be the leaders of their own people. The cost of muchneeded Spanish literature is too heavy for anyone denomination, and this can best be met cooperatively. A desire has long been expressed for an interdenominational paper or bulletin, which would serve to create a common consciousness of fellowship among all the workers in the Southwest. Along these and similar lines the first efforts will be directed.

As the Mexican is called into the north and east of our country, he will present a new responsibility to the local groups of churches. In some cases one church alone may wish to assume this responsibility. In others it can best be assumed cooperatively. The associate secretary of the Council of Churches in a middle-western city writes: "We have a group of Mexicans which numbers about 1,000. Until within a year and a half ago we who are Protestants had an undisputed field, but the success of our work and the proven loyalty of the Mexicans stirred up the Catholic people and now a program is being

1925J BROADCASTING TO THE MEXICANS IN THE UNITED STATES

promoted on their part which promises to be tireless. This united effort on their part emphasizes the weakness of ours, in that we divide and teach differing baptisms, communions, etc. Could Protestantism forget denominations and lead the Mexican to Christ through the open Bible without further teaching of creeds we might look for still greater things.

"Thirteen denominations are cooperating in the movement. The Baptists have also a small mission in the city. This makes three distinct efforts. We are endeavoring to make our interdenominational work and the Baptist work cooperative. We cannot afford to disregard the strength of a united movement."

But let us not limit the great word Cooperation merely to interdenominational efforts. The church which faces the opportunity of ministering to its Mexican neighbors can look for help not only to its sister denominations, but also to all the social ageneies of the community-the schools, the clinics and hospitals, the social settlements and charitable agencies. Workers in all of these have the service motiye and often possess a more scientific approach to the problem than do the churches. The resources of this type of cooperation have only begun to be developed.

The Interdenominational Council on Spanish-speaking Work, through its executive secretary, is at present cooperating with the California Conference of Social Work and the California Department of Education, in a preliminary study of the economic and social position of the Mexican in the whole Southwest. It is hoped that some one of the large foundations of the country may finance an adequate investigation of the Mexican in the United States.

At present there is no restriction on Mexican immigration. But it is a grave question if our neighbors to the South are not crossing the line too fast for their own good and for the good of our American Southwest. An over-supply of Mexican laborers leads to their exploitation through low wages and irregular employment, and they become also a heavy burden on our American social agencies.

It may be we shall need a new Mexican immigration policy. But that policy will be adequate only if it is founded on all the facts which a cooperative investigation can discover; and further, if we can call to its formulation, not only the thinking of American, but also of Mexican. An immigration policy which will best safeguard the interests of both Mexico and the United States can come only from a conference in which both Mexico and the United States take p'art. For after all, in all of our endeavors, it is not cooperation for the Mexicans but cooperation with the Mexicans which is our ultimate goal.

A REMARKABLE JAPANESE WOMAN* M AD.A1.{ KAJI YAJIMA, perhaps the Japanese woman best known to American Presbyterians, died June 16th at her home in Tokyo in her 93d year. Madam Yajima was one of the foremost women educators of Japan, and served many years as principal of the Joshi Gakuin, the first Presbyterian mission school for girls in Tokyo.

Her work for education and for Christian truth did not begin until middle life. She was broken in health from her unhappy marriage when she returned to her girlhood home at the age of forty. Going to nurse a brother taken sick in Tokyo, she became interested in the newly established schools being set up by the Government, and entered the first experimental teacher-training class. Teaching proved her life work, and for a number of years she taught in the primary schools of the country.

A consciousness that there was something more, and growing dissatisfaction with her Buddhist religion, led Madam Yajima to inquire into Christianity, and shortly after taking up her work in Graham Seminary, she was baptized by Dr. Thompson and became a member of the Presbyterian Church.

Madam Yajima's father was town supervisor of Kumamoto, and from him, she and her sisters received a thorough education. She was married early, but soon discovered that her husband was a drunkard, and the years of suffering which she was forced to undergo gave her the deep hatred of liquor which resulted later in her helping to found the Woman's Christian Temperance of Japan and becoming its first president. Her fearless work in this office won her the sobriquet of the "Frances Willard of Japan."

In the early days she went from house to house arousing enthusiasm in the new movement and raising money for the work, and she started the first Japanese temperance paper which circulated among the women. Her appearance at the World's W. C. T. U. Convention in Boston in 1905, when she was seventy-four years old, carried her audience to white heat of enthusiasm.

Madam Yajima was nearly eighty years old when Tokyo's vice district was burned. She organized a great mass movement of protest against the plans of the Government to rebuild it, and in person led a protest procession carrying a petition of 10,000 signatures through the streets to the governor's palace.

Madam Yajima's services to Japan in both education and reform brought her public recognition from the Emperor in the form of a decoration bestowed at the time of his coronation.

As Dr. Arthur J. Brown has well said: "Madame Yajima has been decorated by the Emperor of Japan for distinguished service, and we can well imagine what her decoration will be from the King of kings for service to His cause."

*From Women and Misaions.

Layman's Responsibility·

BY ROBERT A. DOAN, COLUMBUS, OHIO AS LAYMEN we dare not consider the introduction of Chris- .l'l.. tianity into foreign countries as a mere business proposition.

Vastly more of a selling proposition is involved in foreign missions than in the sale of Sun Maid Raisins, Camel Cigarettes or Westinghouse electric bulbs. The salesmanship methods used in disposing of these commodities in the crowded areas of the world could be studied with profit by those engaged in foreign missions.

But when one is asked to discuss the laymen's responsibility for the foreign missionary movement one is compelled to go far deeper than the consideration of advertising methods or the spending of money for propagation purposes. .

For more than a year we have lived among peoples of various races and nationalities whose only estimate of Christianity is that which they form by observing those who call themselves Christians.

Most of these peoples we have visited repeatedly in the past ten years. Their countries are being asked to accept a new religion.

They see no reason for accepting a foreign doctrine. They will never be induced to embrace Christianity until, if ever, they observe that it is a life and not a mere dogma.

At a banquet of Christian men in India I was startled when one of them said, in a message to Christians in America, "Tell them that like them, we want to become." Involuntarily my heart cried, "N0, no, not like such as we are." In contrast to the complimentary message of that earnest Christian are the words of an Indian quoted at the Glasgow Student Conference in January, 1921. "What be- wilders the alien observer," he said, "is not the occasional aberra- tions of the Christian nations but their habitual conduct; not their failures but their standard of success; not their omission to live up to righteousness but their insistence that wrong principles are right. Your creed is exalted, but your civilization is a nightmare of envy, hate and uncharitableness. I would forego the former in order to escape the latter."

Honesty compels us to approach our subject from the stand- point of the genuineness or the falsity of our own Christianity.

I.

Practicing Christianity at home is more essential than preaching it abroad. Sending missionaries to other lands is a foolish proposition unless we admit that the teachings of Christ which they '" From an address delivered at the Washington CO'llvention.

3 H5

carry have never been truly lived out by any nation. We would do well, then, to consider the Christian layman's duty today as a citi- zen of his own nation and of the world.

Our world is suffering from too much national sensitiveness. Every nation is "touchy." All seem obsessed with the determina- tion to stand on their rights. Nations of power are full of self-conceit. I was in China recently when they observed the annual holiday known as "humiliation day." It was for the purpose of reminding the Chinese of the injustice done them by a nation which thought only of itself. I have just spent three months in India where many claim that the ruling power considers only its own welfare. A month in the Philippines reveals very clearly the intensity with which some of the citizens claim unjust restraint on the part of the United States. We might call the roll of nations aronnd the world and discover similar conditions. In the light of the sensitive temper and strain in which we find the world today, I ask in shame what influence we may expect to exert as laymen in the foreign mission program of our Church when the American Congress passes an immigration law made possible by our false assumption that we have a right to do as we please in our own country without due consideration of others f We were in Japan when that act was passed. It Was impossible to explain why an ideal religion of love, which entered the United States with its first settlers, had so failed. The program of foreign missions is useless until Christian laymen rid themselves of a race prejudice which practically amounts to hatred. I have encountered muLtiplied instances among men in the United· States and abroad who are called Christians who deny all Christ's teaching about love by their attitude toward foreign people.

I do not attempt to discuss the merits of the claims and counterclaims of the various nations. But the spirit back of them allboth on the part of those who claim injustice and on the part of those who furnish the occasion for such a claim-is essentially selfish. The spectacle of the contending nations of today has never been duplicated in history outside of actual war. Our travels in the past year not only reveal this supersensitive condition between nations, but also make clear the intensely selfish attitude between groups within each nation itself. Perhaps the most notable example of this is the failure of the non-cooperation movement in India to see in advance that there are certain irreconcilable elements in the population which will prevent any united movement as long as those differences exist. The world is drunk with a desire for selfish power. There is an almost entire' forgetfulness of the rights of others. I tremble and search my own heart again when Tagore in his arraignment of Western civilization says, "The bartering of your higher aspiration@ of life for profit and power has

THE LAYMAN'8 RESPONSIBILITY

been of your own free choice and I leave you there, at the wreck of your own soul, contemplating your protuberant prosperity . . . The West has been systematically petrifying her moral nature in order to lay a solid foundation for her gigantic abstractions of efficiency. ' , What is our dutyT As citizens of the world we must be on the alert that loyalty to our own country does not' obscure our belief as Christians that we belong to a common brotherhood. We frequently hear the expression" family of nations," bht what a quarrelsome family it is! Every true Christian layman must dedicate his life to the purpose, not of proclaiming that all in the world are brothers, but by living in his own nation as though he believes it. In order to do this we must oppose some powerful influences. Some time ago one of the big newspapers in this country said, "The churches have wisely, we think, interpreted the sayings of Christ as ideals for the inspiration and comfort of man, as ideals toward which we' strive and hope the race will some day attain . . . But the altruism of Christ would have destroyed those who adopted it literally arid its very survival has been conditioned upon its limita- tion in practice."

Such a statement is a menace and it is untrue. Literal adherence to the ideals of Christ may cost life. It has done so in the past, beginning with Jesus Himself. But it did not destroy Christianity. The statement that the survival of Christianity has depended upon the limitation of the practice of its ideals is as dangerous a doctrine as the devil could devise. Our adherence to Christ compels us to accept a world brotherhood regardless of race ; otherwise we are not Christians.

We must believe that it is possible for such love as Christ taught to prevail in the world today or we must admit that our Christianity is but another religion of fine phrases which mean nothing in this practical day. Let us not be misguided into believing that in these days of abominable world politics, Christianity is too ideal. Let us prove it is not or die in the attempt.

Our participation as laymen in the missionary program of:the Church is in vain, unless upon every possible occasion we encourage and commend those who stand boldly and courl:geously against anything of an unchristian character that would offend another nation. We need, what Dr. Henry T. HodgJPn calls in his "Christ~an Revolution" a converted nationalism. There is a great encouragement in the increasing boldness of those who believe in the redemption of the world from war by.the adoption of idealEi th,atare essentially Christian. Our foreign m,is,sions. program in theqh}l;rch compels the acceptance of some such ppsition, as that outliJ¥lgin .the intro- duction to Kirby Page's book on WR'r: ~ 'l>

"But this I see clearly; that war is the most colossal and ruinous social sin that afflicts mankind today; that it is utterly and irremediably unchristian; . . . that the war system means everything which Jesus did not mean; and means nothing that He did mean; . that. it is a more blatant denial of every Christian doctrine about God and man than all the theoretical atheists on earth could ever devise. What I do see is that quarrels between fundamentalists and liberals, high churchmen and low churchmen, are tith. ing mint, anise and cummin, if the Church does .not deal with this supreme moral issue of our time: Christ against War."

.Above all else, then let us as laymen, understand that our part in any foreign missionary program of the Church is a farcical performance if we deny the ideals of Jesus by our denial in practice of a world brotherhood. We must quickly prove that we believe in that idealism or we shall prove on the other hand, to the non- Christian world at least, that H. L. Mencken was right in that indictment of Christianity in the American Mercury for November, where his conclUding sentences were: "Christianity is sick all over this pious land. The Christians have poisoned it, One blast upon a bugle horn and the mob will be ready for the wake."

II.

If our Christianity is worth carrying to China or Japan or India it must be. inclusive. The day is rapidly passing when laymen may be stirted to any sacrificial depths upon a plea for denominational supremacy or rivalry. I have heard secretaries or missionaries plead for the establishment of work in certain centers with the argument that if it were not done quickly some other denomination might enter. I have listened to the arrogant assumption of superiority on the part of a denominationalist for his own sect.

Laymen will be moved as little by that kind of an appeal as by the statement of some partisan that every county seat in .America must have a church of his own particular denomination. Such appeals no longer grip. I favor denominational loyalty only when it considers itself a part of the whole Church of Christ. I could as easily be loyal to Ohio and disloyal to the United States as I could be a partisan for my own denomination to the exclusion of the greater movement of Christianity. Last summer in Japan I heard a Japanese, speaking of the work of his own denomination, say that its lack of success was due to the fact that they had too readily given way to other denominations in the observance of Christian comity. So easily does our narrowness spread!

We believe in working through existing organizations because we have seen the folly of individual or unorganized effort. But laymen, as spiritual stockholders in these organizations, should have a voice in shaping the way in which our Mission Boards work. When you make your investment in time or money or influence, you do wrong if. you do not see to it that what you invest goes to enlarge

THE LAYMAN'S RESPONSIBILITY

the spirit of Christ in the hearts of men and not merely to build a denomination. Is there Ii layman anywhere whose heart does not respond to the inconsistency pointed out by a missionary secretary who, in a recent magazine article, exclaimed, "Think of seeing an American Dutch Reformed Chinese!"

Where was the influence of Christian laymen of Canada and the United States when it became apparent that neither the Boards in those countries nor the Christians in Japan intended to unite to plan for better Christian work in Tokyo and, Yokohama following the earthquake~, I witnessed that disheartenIng spectacle in Japan as those with a vision of unity following the disaster waited in vain for word from the Boards at home which would make it possible for them to get together. I cannot believe. that theological differences obscured our vision of an expectant Christ as He waited amid the ruins of those great cities for the beginning of the fulfillment of His prayer that we might all be one. So far as I know, not one union Christian enterprise has emerged from the earthquake. I am pleading ~th every atom of strength I possess that a common faith in Christ be our test of fellowship everywhere in the world. As long as there is a divided Church, Christianity must linger on the edges of the distracted, restless masses of the races of the earth. There can be no peace, no surcease of spiritual sorrow and pain, no social deliverance, no redemption of a people for Christ, so long as Christianity hugs to itself the delusion that "a house divided against itself" can stand.

As laymen, we must study for ourselves and impart to others the new situation in lands where religions other than Christianity prevail. For the first time, in any serious way, these whom their own religions have failed to satisfy, are making comparisons with Christianity. No delusions about so-called Christian countries any longer exist. All religions, including Christianity, are under scrutiny. Along with this investigative study comes the demand to be allowed to try them in their own way. That reasonable request must be heeded by Christianity. Christ must be set free in the lives of Christians in these lands, to whom He is speaking with a startling clearness. Sectarianism must give way to Him. This new situation is saving the faith of many of us in Christian missions. It is the light of a new day which cannot be hidden. We are recognizing as belonging to the nationals many of the prerogatives we have too long egotietically held as our own. Let us form a great world comradeship with the lovers of our Lord everywhere, but let us cease to be dictators.

III.

A daring but not a blind faith will be the motivation for the layme~'s participation in foreign missions in the days ahead. Just

above the horizon of the dawning of a new day in Christian experience, I see the beginning of an intelligent interest in foreign missions on the part of the laymen of our churches. It is an interest born of a fuller conception of the commission "to go." Perhaps it has for its basis a gradual realization that they have borne the name of Christ while they have fed upon the husks of unworthy ambitions. Not a large group of Christ's men are seeing clearly as yet, but the awakening has begun. There are certain things which must be heeded by those now interested in the foreign missions enterprise if they would see this mighty dynamic of a laymen's revival properly directed.

The foreign missions program must be conducted along broad lines. Laymen will not be interested merely in saving souls from hell. They will insist that the example of Jesus who healed and fed and comforted people on the spot, regardless of their religion or race, be followed. Theirs will be a faith which will be so deeply spiritual that they will dare anything, but its foundation will be practicality. They will be interested in bringing men into comradeship with Christ in a real, personal relationship and will not be satisfied with securing them as subscribers to a particular interpretation of what .Jesus or His Apostles said.

This breaking of a new day already reveals much for which many hearts are praising God. It is eliminating our conception of all those of other religions as igilOrant "heathen." It is helping us to recognize that they have some light from God which need not be destroyed in order that the master light may shine in. It is even disclosing to us that they are able to reveal to us some spiritual depths which,· in our religious arrogance, we had not seen. I .think the laymen· will demand that the interpretations of God which shall be taken to other lands by Christians shall be similar to that expressed years ago by that prophetic missionary to Japan, .John H. DeForest, when he said: "Weare learning that the word of God is of no use until it is interpreted, first into the thought of the age, and, second, into the living experience of those who teach it. Any revelation of God is powerless until it is the discovery of man . . . Whatever in the Bible helps me . . . to see God in the lives of others in all churches _.- Catholic, Greek, Protestantin all nations, whatever the color of the people, makes my message great, deepens my sympathies with these peoples of the East because they are God's dear children, is to me inspired. Inspiration is intensely personal."

Foreign missions are experiencing a re-birth and we may confidently expect an eager intelligent participation of the laymen with a zeal not manifested when the plan was only that the "heathen

be saved from wrath to come." What a day it will be when bnsi- ness men will realize that the representatives they send abroad must be of such high character that they shall disprove the present con- ception held of us as selfish, brutal money-grabbers! What a re- joicing there will be in heaven and on earth when, in the Name of J esns, every humanitarian enterprise in the world will be snpported without regard to denominational preferment! Thank God that time is approaching! Christian brotherhood can become a fact only when an international conscience fully recognizes the rights of all. And that day can come only when we daringly demonstrate Christ's love by actually loving all mankind as He did.

Mahatma Gandhi says, "My religion has no geographical limits. I have a living faith in it which will transcend even my love for India herself."

Viscount Shibusawa, a Confucianist, said to me last summer, "My religion does not permit me to retaliate against the United States by a boycott."

.Tesus Christ says, "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself."

All of these are mere declarations. We are witnessing before our very eyes the attempt of men of various religions to demonstrate their practicality in a world of hate. We must welcome the comparison though we tremble.

There are a vast number of Christian laymen whose hearts are burning within them to show their faith by their works. They believe that J esns Christ came from God and that He declared and lived a divine Gospel. They believe that He is the world's only hope and that He must be lived, as well as taught. "For me to live is Christ."

But the daring of their faith demands that the winning of the world shall be attempted with the winsome personality and love of J esns of Nazareth. They are not concerned with a mere system of theology. They are deeply anxious because the people of the lands which are called Christian have failed to prove the genuineness of their claim becanse of the way in which they have treated others. The laymen will accept the challenge. They oelieve that Christ is supreme. The world constitutes an open court. The deeds of no land may be hidden. The day of trial is here in a world which is desperately, distractingly, feverishly seeking a Saviour. Shall it turn to Confucious, or Buddha, or Mohammed, or Christ Y Let those who constitute the rank and file of Christendom answer. May that answer not be a denial of Our Lord.

William W. Peet- Missionary Admin-

istrator and Diplomat* BY REV. CHARLES T. RIGGS, CONSTANTTNOPLE, TURKEY 1 X 7HEN in 1881 William W. Peet gave up an important position V V in the Santa Fe Railroad, at Omaha, Neb., many friends thought he was making a foolish mistake. He was a power in church and Sunday-school and in civic life, as well as in his railroad work, but the call of the mission field was imperative, and he believed that he was following the guidance of his Master. Before leaving Constantinople last spring, after forty-four years of service, he expressed himself as still convinced that he was divinely led, and glad that he had made that decision.

During his life in Turkey, Dr. Peet has been associated with most of the great men who followed the early pioneers in mission work. He valued his connection with the Bliss brothers, with Drs. Elias Riggs, Dwight, George F. Herrick, George Washburn, and many others of gigantic mould. Dr. Peet's work has been strong also in the training of a group of younger workers. These men value as among their most treasured possessions the experience they have had with, and the wise counsel they have received from this prince of administrators.

As Treasurer of the four missions of the American Board in Turkey and Bulgaria (now reduced to two), and as transmitting agent for the Presbyterian Board's Mission in Persia, Dr. Peet has had a most complicated task to perform, using currency of many sorts and nationalities, with shifting rates of exchange, and frequent difficulties met in seI1ding funds to far-away points, especially in times of war. His resourcefulness made possible the continuance of work everywhere, and has given to the missionaries in distant points a feeling of confidence that they had in Constantinople one upon whom they could rely for the material needs of their work, and also one who was in deepest sympathy and cooperation with them in spiritual work.

The task was further increased by the handling of many different Relief Funds, coming from the United States, from England and elsewhere, in times of famine, epidemic, war, and massacre. This extra work, bringing no financial compensation whatever, has been given the .same undivided and whole-hearted attention and care always; his skill, fidelity, and zeal have resulted in the saving of the lives of tens of thousands in many parts of the country and of varied nationalities.

"From The Mi88wnary Heralc!. 952 Dr. Peet has also served as business agent for the missions, sending orders and transshipping purchases as between the mission- aries and the homeland, or making purchases in Constantinople and sending to the utterlllost parts of the Near East. In all this work he has given such universal satisfaction as has been the lot of very few men in such a difficult position.

Dr. Peet has also acted for many years as diplomatic repre·· sentative of the interests of the American Board and its missionaries in Turkey and Bulgaria. In this capacity he has handled many very difficult matters, involving relations both with the American Govern- ment and with the Government of Turkey. Realizing the need of a legal training, which might the better fit him for undertaking such diplomatic tasks, he took a correspondence course in law with an American institution, and received its diploma, although he had never had the opportunity of attending a law school. He has con- ducted his delicate tasks' with such skill as to win international recognition; until the American State Department has more than once instructed its Ambassadors to Turkey, before making important decisions 'regarding American interests, tQ consult Dr. Peet. In fact, the American Ambassadors have found by experience that such consultation was the best safeguard to insure wise action and a proper perspective in their task of understanding and treating con- ditions in this country.

Not only the American and British Ambassadors have valued his counsel, but Turkish government officials have respected and honored him, and appreciated his deep and intimate knowledge of the conditions of the country. He was asked by the League of Nations to accept the post of Commissioner of the League at Con- stantinople, although this post was never formally instituted.

During forty-four years' service, Dr. Peet has had many diffi- cult tasks to handle in connection with questionable or high-handed acts of local officials or designing persons, such, for example, as the expulsion under false charges of Mr. George Knapp from Bitlis in 1896; the imprisonment of several Americans in different places on unsubstantiated charges; and especially at the time of the kidnaping of Miss Ellen Stone, on the Bulgarian frontier, in 1902, when Dr. Peet, with the assistance of Dr. House and Mr. Gargiulo, the drago- man of the American Legation, was intrusted with the transfer of the ransom money from Constantinople into the hands of the brig- ands, thereby making possible the surrender of Miss Stone and her . companion. In all these tasks the wisdom and tact and perseverance of Dr. Peet have elicited the highest praise from all interested in securing justice.

Aside from his connections with the American Board in this part of the world, Dr. Peet has been active in many other agencies, notably the American College for Girls at Constantinople, of which

he has for many years been a Trustee; the Union Church of Pera; the Y. M. C. A.; and the building funds for the Pera and Gedik Pasha Armenian Evangelical churches. When the Near East Relief, or, as it was then called, the American Committee for Relief in the Near East, sent out its first expedition in 1919, Dr. Peet was one of the preliminary commission to come to Constantinople and from the very start he has been a prominent member of the Executive Committee of the Near East Relief, which has found his wisdom and advice invaluable in its work.

When it became known that Dr. Peet was leaving without expecting to return, groups of friends, as well as individuals, united to do him honor. At a reception tendered by representatives of the Evangelical churches of the city, he was given a beautifqlly illuminated address on parchment paper. His missionary colleagues, at a dinner in his honor, in addition to a suitably engrossed address, presented to him an album containing photographs and groups of his missionary colleagues throughout the country. The Armenian Patriarch gave him a rare and valuable manuscript of the Armenian New Testament on parchment, supposed to date from about the tenth century. The American community, gathered at the Embassy upon invitation of Admiral and Mrs. Bristol, presented him with a silver tray suitably engraved.

No greater name has been associated with the American Board work in Turkey during the last half-century than that of William W. Peet.

A Live Wire from Ceylon"

BY IfENRY ATKINSON, MLJSWELL HILL, CEYLON OUR train had halted at a certain station and when a colored . man came to the door one of the passengers exclaimed, "Hello, here comes a nigger!" Before we reached King's Cross that term of opprobrium was withdrawn, and I fancy that the man who used it will use it no more.

To the amusement of our fellow-travelers my colored friend inveigled me into a talk on comparative religion.

"Did I know that the Mohammedan believed in prayed" "Did I know that when the prayer season came the Mohammedan would brook no interference; he would pray1" "Did I know that at all times and seasons the Mohammedan was a missionary?" "How far could I, a Christian minister, say that of my people?" "How was it that just now in the restaurant car few or none apparently had asked a blessing on the meal ¥' l • From the L. M. S. Chronicle.

19251 A LIVE WIRE FROM CEYLON

My fellow passengers dropped their papers and listened. Here was a man whose entire traqition was that of Islam; trained in a Mohammedan university; a man of culture and a gentleman to the finger-tips. Time and again I had to make concession to the charges he brought against our Laodicean handling of the faith of Jesus Christ. My fellow-passengers took up the cudgels for me. For their own sakes I was almost sorry that they did because of the sound thrashing each man experienced in turn as the colored man asked: "Who were they in the service of ChristT What were they doing for their Master T" "How far, in loyalty, would their life compare with his Mohammedan kinsmen?" "How did they employ their Christian Sunday and what were the opportunities they were seizing to act the part of missionary and maintain their Master's witness 1" It was a searching inquisition; all the more so in that it was so evidently sincere. Then came the man's own confession. In distant Ceylon he had heard the call of Empire and in 1915 had come to fight in the war for the great white King. For the first time he had come into contact with the Christian message; had listened to the evangel of the soldiers' padre; had secured a copy of the Gospel and one day found himself weeping over the majesty of its example and the glory of its ethic. There, in a Flanders billet, he had bowed his head and confessed himself a trophy of the Son of God. He told his story at length, impressively and tenderly, till not a man in our company but knew that he was in the presence of one of Christ's miracles and the most unassailable of all Christian arguments. For this man's part the best of his Mohammedan traditions were brought over and reconsecrated. He would insist for himself and others that what loyalty meant for his old faith it must also mean for the new. Under the constraint of this railway missionary, one of my fellow-passengers promised that he would go to his vicar that very night and surrender himself for service. Every man of us knew that through this dark-skinned Cingalese we had been brought face to face with the Master of us all. I have since learned that this man is the son of one of the richest princes in Ceylon. When he wrote to his people to tell of his Christian choice his father offered him £40,000 to abjure it, and when he declined, his father disinherited him. For three years he lived a life of abject poverty, picking up stray jobs on the docks and giving most of his time to preaching among colored seamen. He is the livest wire I know in the kingdom of God.

Medical Work at

BY JOHN R. DICKSON, M.D., ANHWEI, CHINA M EDICAL work at Showchow has been launched. Show-chow is a beautiful walled city of great antiquity, probably several thousand years old. Our first few months there were spent reconstructing our Chinese house. The first few weeks were spent in a mud house with a thatch roof and the earth for a floor, but it was more comfortable than it sounds.

The sick people soon heard that there was a foreign doctor and we treated many in the back yard-opening abscesses, treating many eye conditions, etc. Before settling down to my daily clinic, I thought it would give me a more intelligent idea of the situation to see our great unexplored, unevangelized, neglected south country field.

Anyone with· a heart cannot help but feel the challenge of this tre- mendous opportunity. .

We started out on March 6th, the party consisting of one of our Chinese evangelists, Mr. Wang, my friend and coworker Max Chaplin, and four wheelbarrow men with their barrows. The weather was cold and ideal for walking. Our objective was a large city called Luchowfu, sixty miles or three days' trip to the south. We were probably the first foreigners to cross this territory for twenty-five years. The country is rich and until recently has been overrun with bandits. This large territory has not been visited by evangelist, Standard Oil nor tobacco agents. It is virgin soil.

On reaching our first stopping place we visited the school, located in a memorial hall built to the memory of a man named Mi, a re- nowned disciple of Confucius. This hall is about 700 years old and the school has four young teachers, all graduates of mission schools.

Here is an open door with opportunity written above it.

Leaving this city we passed into a new district in which wheat has given place to rice, and cows to water buffalo. The schools are coeducational, and the women do not bind their feet. About dark we reached a big market town but none at the inns would take us in but we were finally received into the school. During the evening the principal came in and said we were welcome for the night. He said that he had no objection to the foreigner but wanted none of the Jesus Doctrine.

The next day took us through a territory which belonged to the famous Li Hung Chang family, China's leading statesman thirty years ago. When we were within two miles of Luchowfu rain began to fall and the barrow men turned into an inn and said that they (lould go no farther. Mter much persuasion they again started. We each·pulled by a rope and dragged the barrows through the rain and 956 mud until the wheels would clog and then we would stop to rest. Finally at dark we entered the north gate, tired, cold and wet. We went to the home of Mr,. A. C. Bro of the United Christian Mission and were reeeivedwith true hospitality. After living in Chinese inns for three days never has a home appeared more beautiful than that simple dwelling.

Luchowfu station consists of schools, hospitals and church, worked by sixteen foreigners and a good Chinese staff. They had been unable to work this great neglected district through which we had passed.

We were delayed several days in Luchow by rain but finally made a start despite muddy roads. We made only fifteen miles that day and had to camp at 5 P. M. as it is not safe to camp in the small villages for fear of robbers. We pulled into the largest inn, a mud house some seventy feet long with mud floor, walls, and thatch roof.

There were three doors and one window. As soon as we enter an inn the people swarm in to see the foreigner. I have had as many as fifty gather around me watching me brush my teeth. We put the barrows across one end of the long room to keep the people back, put up our cots, lighted some candles, and then washed, drank some tea and called for our supper. In the same room the Chang kuei ti (manager) gets busy at a big stove with three huge pots built in the top and a man feeding grass behind for fuel. Soon he brings in some steaming bowls, rice, fat pork, bean curd and onions, and meat balls with dough around them. We forget that others have used these chopsticks, that we are all eating out of the same bowl, that there are dogs and chickens under the table and that we have an admiring audience. We have walked fifteen miles and are hungry.

Returning to our station we opened the hospital on April 1st. Several Chinese buildings give enough room for a dispensary, oper~ ating room, men's ward, women's ward, storerooms, medicine room~, living rooms for nurses and other helpers. This will do until we can build our hospital. Best of all we have sufficient equipment and apparatus for our present need, and a few good helpers. We started out by vaccinating our boys' and girls' schools, about 300 in all aI1-d also vaccinated and inoculated all our coworkers against typhoid+- about 70 inoculations. We examined the eyes of all our boys and girls in the school, which resulted in an afternoon trachoma clinic of about 45 daily besides clinics in the morning with from 15 to 33 daily. The first two months showed a total of 2,800 patients. We also did a few operations and our evangelist preached faithfully to the patients every day, having the joy of seeing results.

The medical work is started on a small scale but we believe the foundation is good, and that the growth will be substantial. Tl}e hospital enjoys the closest cooperation with the two mission schoQ~s and with the church. Pray for us.

Indians of Mexico and Central

BY GEORGE M. McBRIDE, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA T HE aborigines of South America and the Indians that inhabit Mexico and Central America are of the same race but they . differ widely in their modes of life, their advancement, varying largely according to the altitude of the country which they inhabit. They were subjected to the same ruthless conquest· by Spanish adventurers, the civilized upland peoples being reduced to practical serfdom wherever the Spaniard became established; the lowlanders remaining largely in a varying degree of savagery.

The missionary problem in Mexico can not be understood or solved without taking into account the Indian population. The same may be said of Guatemala and in a lesser degree of the other Central American republics, with the notable exception of Costa Rica where the pure blooded Indian survives only in very reduced numbers. In Mexico some 35% of the entire population is of full blood Indians.

Tlaxcala, one of the most densely populated states, is almost entirely Indian. In Oaxaca 90% at least of the people have no Spanish blood. Though throughout Mexico the cities are predominantly Spanish in character, one has only to leave the beaten paths of trade and travel to find the Indian everywhere. Especially in the southern part of the republic they form the great mass of the rural population.

They do not form a homogeneous ethnic or linguistic element, because they live, and have always lived, in widely separated com- munities. Occupying isolated valleys and mountain crests, each tribe knows little of the world beyond its own narrow confines. In Mexico there are said to be over one hundred different Indian languages spoken.

In Guatemala about 60% of the total population is of pure Indian blood, descendants largely of the highly organized pre- Columbus empire of the Quiche. These Indians, originally occupying independent communities and holding their lands in common,' have gradually been brought under the domination of a very degrading bondage, that of the contract labor system or peonage, whereby, eitll.'er because of their attachment to the soil which their families have held for centuries, or because of debts in which the wealthy land owners have been able to entangle-them, they are held as prac- tical serfs, with little political or economic freedom. Their condition has been growing worse rather than improving, particularly since the development of the country in recent years has increased the demandsfor labor and offered premiums to~the landlord who had many peons at his disposal. .I 968 The approximate number of Indians in each country is as fol- lows: Mexico …………………………….. . 5,224,500 Guatemala ………………………….. . 1,202,150 Salvador …………………………… . 234,650 Nicaragua ………………………….. . 180,000 Panama ……………………………. . 91,000 Honduras ………………………….. . 60,000 British Honduras …………………….. . 20,000 Costa Rica ………………………….. . 5,500 Total …………………………… 7,017,800 The highland Indians of Mexico and Central America are sedentary agriculturists with well established social customs, peaceable, industrious, submissive. Though unable to read or write they are equal in intelligence to the average white or mestizo and usually far superior in moral character, except where contaminated by exotic vices. They form the base of the population of the countries where they live, particularly southern Mexico and Guatemala, performing most of the manual labor and providing almost the only labor supply in both city and rural districts. In the country they often live as serfs, being bought and sold with the farms, attached to the soil so strongly that it matters little to them who owns the estate or who rules the republic, so long as they are left to till their parcels of ground unmolested. In some districts they have not yet passed under the control of landlords but live in free communities, holding their lands in common and almost entirely independent of the race that has conquered their country. In the cities they work either for a wage or, more generally under the orders of the {inca owner to whose estate they belong. They have no voice in the government and no social recognition, being generally little above the status of chattels in the rights and privileges that they enjoy.

Few of these highland Indians possess even the most rudimentary education and, though nominally Catholic and often even fanatical in their adherence to the Church, they are Christian only on the surface, their whole daily life being influenced far more by the pagan beliefs and superstitions that they have preserved unchanged from time immemorial. Yet these highland Indians are Mexico's hope. Upon them depends, in very large measure, the future of the nation. .

The lowland Indians are generally savages. Their native culture is of the crudest and is still almost entirely unaffected by contact with civilization. Swallowed up in their great tropical forests, they are as pagan and uncivilized .as the inhabitants of Central Africa, the aborigines of Australia, or the wild tribes of New Guinea.

Though during the Spanish colonial period many Catholic missions were established among the Indians of Mexico and Central

America, 'a great degree of paganism survives. The highland Indians are nearly all nominally Roman Catholics but, as in other parts of Latin-America, there is only a thin varnish of Christianity over an underlying character of distinctly pagan nature. In the lowlands even this Christian veneer is often lacking. The missions established there have long been in ruins, the fields and roads overgrown, their buildings reduced to mouldering walls.

Evangelical agencies have thus far accomplished little for the Indians of Mexico and Central America. Though there are Protestant missions in almost all the large cities, the work undertaken has been limited almost entirely to the Spanish-speaking elements. Had as much effort been spent in giving the Gospel to the pure Indian population there would probably have been less opposition offered by those not in sympathy with work in Catholic countries. At any rate the Indian problem, recognized by leaders in Latin-American affairs as one of the gravest that face these republics, could have shown at least a beginning toward solution.

In Mexico the Indian population as a distinct element, has received almost no consideration. No schools, no churches, no missions have been established for them, though, as we have seen, they require separate institutions and though they form such a large proportion of the population. In Central America the same situation exists with the exception of recent attempts to reach some Indian tribes in Guatemala. These attempts, however, have been sporadic and have 'not resulted in the establishment of permanent centers which would both evangelize and educate the Indian.

Work undertaken among the Indians of these countries should be directed both toward the evangelization ,and the uplift of the people. It should carry the Gospel to them and at the same time extend to them every help possible toward ameliorating their physical, intellectual and moral condition. In all probability it will not be many years before these Indians will be brought into far fuller contact with modern civilization. Some of them have already been reached by traders, mining men, and others who are developing the resources of tropical lands. The Indians must be pFepared to meet these new conditions. To convert them to Christianity and leave them defenseless and unprepared for the inevitable contact with modern life would be little less than criminal. Hence it is not enough to send itinerant evangelists among them. Permanent stations must be established wherever the population is sufficiently sedentary or can be made so. Medical aid must be carried to them for they generally suffer greatly from preventable diseases, and their death rate, especially among children, is very high. Elementary education must also accompany all efforts toward evangelization. Industrial training, particularly agricultural, should be given. For both the sedentary agricultural tribes who inhabit the uplands and the savage tribes of the lowlands such uplift agencies are necessary.

'BEST

– EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBURG BLDG., PHILADEI,PHIA, PA.

CONVERTING LIABILITIES INTO with the Medical Mission Auxiliary of ASSETS the Church Missionary Society.

One of the loveliest personalities at Invalids throughout Great Britain the Church Missionary Society Sum- are invited to join this fellowship.

mer School at Oxford, England, dur- Cards of membership with suggestions for daily prayer are furnished to all ing the past summer was a young applicants.

woman who had come a long distance When invalids who have comfortto attend the se~sions. The seat that able homes and loving care begin to she occupied was a wheel chair. learn of the conditions which sur- Now wheel chairs and helpless limbs round other invalids, in non-Christian are usually listed as liabilities, but this lands, their hearts are inevitably young woman had discovered how to stirred in sympathy. Three possibili- convert them into assets, through the ties for helpful service are suggested: Invalids' Fellowship of Prayer and First, the members are reminded of Service which she has organized and the tremendous power of prayer and into which she has welcomed scores of of the fact t.hat the illness which has other invalids. Ordinary vision and disqualified them for the usual type experience do not recognize the pos- of active service has also afforded sibility of such Fellowship but those them unusual opportunity for prayer.

who dwell in wheel chairs have long The seoond call is for hand service hours for quiet thought. They can from those who can give it, in making not be drawn into the busy rush of supplies that are in constant demand our modern madding crowd. Dur- in missionary hospitals.

ing her own long hours of waiting, The third call is for extending mis- this young woman learned to employ sionary information. Usually invalids her time in prayer and service. Her have many callers who will listen thoughts turned to thll hundreds of eagerly to the stories of medical mis- other invalids who might join in such sions as told or read to them during a a fellowship. Their forced inactivity call. Literature from the Medical in usual channels suggested possibili- Missions Auxiliary is furnished to all ties of service in channels that were members of the Fellowship. The sugunusual. Most of the busy workers gestion is made that if a contribution she knew were always pressed for box occupies a convenient place near time, yet there must be hundreds of the bedside or chair, gifts of callers . invalids who had time hanging wea- will probably be added to the thank- rily on their hands. In every parish offerings that are placed there by the she was sure there must be a number Fellowship member. There are no of people who were shut out by phys- entrance fees, nor required dues, nor ical weakness from the usual aetivi- subscriptions to the organization. ties, and she longed to help to lead Many individuals who have chafed them into the way of prayer and serv- against the impassable barriers which ice which she had discovered for her- have shut them out from their accusself. As a result of this longing she tomed activities are rejoicing in this organized the Fellowship connected fellowship of prayer and service.

4 961

MAKING llISTORY WlllLE WE do not permit their students to ap- CELEBRATE IT pear on the street or in street cars in It is possible to hold missionary their uni.forms, taxies 'were provided anniversaries and celebrations with for the nurses. our eyes fixed only on the past. A greater possibility is to celebrate, in Third: The ehoir was composed entirely of medical students.

the phraseology of a speaker at are,' Fourth: Special invitations wele cent meeting, with "Hats off to the sent to deaconesses in service and in past and coats off to the future. " We training. About forty deaconesses have no right to a backward look of were in the processional. .

congratulation, unless we follow it Fifth: Students of various-eolleges with a forward look of expectation. and institutions in and near the city There is little true respect in the were invited to attend.

lifting of our hats to the past unless, Sixth: The national student secrewe try to be worthy of that past by tary and several territorial secretaries taking off our coats to the future. As were present in order to make the we plan for the celebration of history most of the opportunity for contacts we should plan also for the making with the students in attendance and of history. to arrange for interviews with those A recent celehration planned by the who desired them. In addition to the Lutheran Woman's League of Phil- two pioneer medieal missionaries, the adelphia combined many best meth- list of speakers included a young docods. The occasion was the presenta- tor who was sailing for India within tion of a tablet to be placed in the forly-eight hours, to carryon the Woman's Medical College in recogni- work they had begun, and a student tion of two scholarships donated by in her second year in medical college the League for the use of prospective on one of the League seholarships. medical missionaries, as a tribute to One of the hymns sung was "The the pioneer medical missionaries, Dr. Crusade of Compassion Hymn" Anna S. Kugler and Dr. Lydia Woer- printed on slips and plaeed in the ner. The committee in charge was pews to be taken home as a souvenir confident that the pioneer women who of the evening. helped to send out these first missionaries forty years ago would be suffi- Seventh: The program was eareciently interested to attend the meet- fully timed and held within a limit ing, but was concerned about enlisting of an hour and fifteen minutes. the young people 'who must carryon the work. Some of the methods em- Eighth: An informal reception was ployed may be suggestive to others held following the program which who plan similar celebrations. gave an opportunity for the guests to linger for introductions and greet- First: There was good newspaper ings. publicity which attracted general at- Thus in the same meeting, history tention, together with printed invita- was eelebrated and history was made. tions and announcements sent to each The records of the secretaries show church in the Philadelphia area. the names of a number of students who are setting their faces to carrying Second: Special invitations were is- on the work. sued to graduate and student nurses of various institutions. Fifty student nurses were invited to march in the BROTHERHOOD SCHOLARSHIPS processional and assist later in serv- At a meeting of the Intercollegiate ing refreshments. In their immacu- Cosmopolitan Club held in Interna- late uniforms with white caps, and tional House, New York, more than gray capes lined with red, they helped ] ,000 students, chiefly from foreign greatly in making the occasion a suc- lands, were in attendance. The roll cess. As hospitals and training schools call was made, not by individuals but

BEST MEITHODS

by nations and students of sixty- 4. This first effort may stimulate seven nationalities responded. others to provide Brotherhood Schol- In the Foreign Missionary, Mary arships, either by other Japanese or- E. Gerhart reports a far-reaching ganizations or by other nationalities.

plan which is being developed by the Japanese students who live in Inter. TBANS.CONTINENTAL CHOBUS national House. On April 24, 1926, a chorus "In accordance with the motto and the spirit of the House, the Japanese of about 50,000 Baptist boys and are going to raise funds to provide a girls in a chain of rallies stretching 'Brotherhood Scholarship,' so as to across the continent w:ill repeat at the enable an American student to do re- same hour the same passage of Scripsearch work for a year or so in Japan. ture, sing the same song and recite They hope to raise at least $1,500.00 the same verses of poetry.

for this purpose, starting the fund by Every year, the members of the gifts from students, and hoping for Children's World Crusade prepare aid from the Japanese business houses memory work for "World Crusade of New York City. The students say Day." The poem chosen this year is that as they have not so much money the introduction to the Junior text- to give, they will contribute time, book, "Brave Adventurers": energy, and enthusiasm, and hope THE VOICE THAT CALLS thus to rouse interest and get assist- By Laura Scherer Copenhaver ance from wealthy Japanese who will be able to make the plan successful." Brave youths, what voice is this. that calls One of the stildents residing in ·the you far To lands unknown, to dangers known too House, states four valuable results well, which may be expected to come from 'rhat lures you from the quiet ways'of home, this plan if it can be carried out: T·o crowded streets and homeless w,mdering'

1. An American of potential in- What flag is this you bear aloft, unfurled, fluence will have come to understand 'fhrough mountain pass and flood' and flame Japan from a human perspective. Only by living in Japan can the West- and death' erner really understand Japanese art, culture, social conditions, family life, The Voice that calls~ It is the Voice of inner thoughts and feelings, hopes Christ!

'l'he flag we bear ~ It is the Flag of Ohrist! The Love that leads' It is the Love of Christ!

and ambitions. For Christ hath sent us into all the world 2. Since the opening of our doors That men may find in Him eternal life.

to Western countries, we Japanese In advance of the meeting preparahave been receiving much of Western tions are made by memorizing the material progress from other lands, passage of Scriptnre, the hymn and especially from the United States of the poem, and the boys and girls are America. The time should come when quick to catch the significance of these we Japanese should also give to rallies and to visualize the gathering others, and contribute toward the supreme cause of mankind. As ambi- of other boys and girls in other places tious young students let us be daring across the continent. As they learn enough to turn the incoming tide to their assigned Scripture passage and one that is outgoing from Japan. hymn and poem, even though their own local group is a small one, they 3. If the students contribute from are stirred by the thought that thou- their own means toward. tllis Fund, it sands of other boys and girls are will have a piilychological value, in stUdying with them, and when they that it will give them· the conscious- recite they feel that their voices are ness of having made. personal efforts helping to swell a great continental for the advancement of an interna- chorus st1"etching from the Atlantic tional cause. to the Pacific.

The thought of being with one ac- own representatives on the mission cord in one place is not limited by field. The student body reads the geographical interpretation. paper pretty thoroughly and so keeps an interest in this work. CAMPUS MISSIONARY METHODS "Dickinson in China is an organi- In the October Student Volunteer zation which considers every student Movement Bulletin, Corilla Broadnax a member. 'rhe student body eaw gives the college missionary aim :as year raises enough money to support fourfold: an alumnus and his wife who are teaching in West China Union Uni- 1. Individual lives that will reflect the versity. This is about the most wholemind of Christ, giving constant evidence of some and far-reaching piece of work loyalty to His principles and adherence to on the campus. It makes the rela- His law of love in mental attitudes and per- tionship of almost every student to sonal relationships. the other side of the world very con- c-"rOe:;t'e;-.-t""'h-e"~w-a-:ll opp~site the ~xit from 2. A respect for <lnd appreciative understanding of other races and their cultures. the library the college librarian has a fine bulletin board which she keeps in 3. A knowledge of existing needs in other a most delightful way. Our repre- COUlltries anrl of the agencies making an sentatives in China are constantly effort to meet them. sending all sorts of pictures, clip- pings, little trinkets, such as Chinese 4. Sufficient reeognition on the part of wedding invitations, diagrams, maps Christian students of the opportunities and and what not which the librarian obligations still to be met to lead them into takes some pains to display." some kind of active participation in Christ's world-wide program. Emporia made a record in real mission study this year. The report The methods reported as employed from there is as follows: "We take in various colleges are full of sugges- up one country at a time some four, tion: five or six weeks-some for less-mak- ing an intensive study of each coun- " Oberlin College, Ohio, reports try from the standpoint of geography, good curriculum courses, one on Im- sociology, politics, history, economics, migration and Race and the other a religion, and of course the national Review of Modern Missions." leaders. Advertisement is through bulletin board and chapel announce- From Mt. Holyoke College comes ment but mainly through personal inthe following fine outline: vitation. The class numbering thirty to forty meets at 9: 30 Sunday morn- 1. International Current Events under the ing and has proved a most effective auspices of the Stllilent Fill·um. method of Christian world educa- 2. A discussion group on conditions in tion. " the Orient-International Relations Club_ Cornell University has given par- 3. A presentation of foreign student ticular attention to the foreign stuviewpoints-Cosmopolitan Club. dent question. A Christmas reception was given by the Christian Associa- 4. Chapel speakers including returned tion for students from other lands; missionaries, nationals from other countries, the forum and open national nights professional and business men who have wcre held under the auspices of the worked in foreign lands. Cosmopolitan Club; and an interna- tional student dinner helped those 5. An Oriental b'tzaar-World Fellowship who attended to get better acquainted. Committee. Student volunteer groups often 6. Two study classes–( 1) Comparative Religions; (2) China. wonder how to let students know Qf 7. Financial gifts-Yo W. C. A., Budget and Community Chest. To Student Friend- ship Fund, Madras College for Women, Girls' School at Madrid, Near East Relief, Fatherless Children of Greece.

8. Actual sharing in mission work. A member of junior class sent by the Y. W. C. A. to wOl'k with the Gronfell Association in Labrador during the summer.

Dickinson College sends these suggestions. "Our college paper is ready and willing to print material dealing with Christian world fellowship. Much that we publish is about our

19251 BEST METHODS

the Movement without unduly adver- Library next fall thereby making it tising themselves. Here's a sugges- a source of information for each tion from Illinois College. "A regular Volunteer and for all others who conmeeting of the Y. W. C. A. con- sider foreign missions as a possible ducted by Student Volunteers aroused field for their life work. It requires m.uch interest and ga ve those present only a small sum of money from you, an idea of the history, accomplish- and yet it means a great deal for the ments and purposes of the Student student volunteer group and its work Volunteer Movement." for the coming year."

What people see often makes far HOW TO USE "THE REVIEW" more impression on them than what they hear. The Michigan Union has After we have read THE REVIEW taken advantage of this fact and has we are not through using it. organized a poster circle, the various colleges of the union preparing post- Weare then only ready to begin to ers which are passed around in regu- use it. Here are some suggestions of lar order. There is a real chance for what may be done with a single numeducation through this medium. Why ber-that for October which deals not look up some of your college with Latin America. artists and see what thcy can produce in the interests of missions? FOR MINISTERS AND SPEAKERS. From the editorials and various ar- Stereopti~on pictures and a movie ticles, ministers and other speakers of Medical Missions in China proved may get many facts and illustrations very effective at Jamestown College, for sermons and addresses.

North Dakota-another case of edu- Current Event Clubs or a current cation through the eye rather than event chairman of clubs and mission- ary societies may note items of interthe ear. If an interesting lecture were est for use in reports and discussion given with the picture their value groups. would be twofold. The article on "Latin Democra- From Maryville, Tennessee, comes a cies" by Webster Browning, F.R.G.S., valuable hint in regard to reading. will be of especial interest to many A Tennessee Council member sent out club members. a letter to the volunteers in her college this summer telling of books that MAPS. The one full page map and she had heard recommended at the the four smaller ones may be pasted Blue Ridge Conference. She asked on stiff cardboard and passed around all to share in a scheme whereby sev- in classes and meetings. eral individuals should invest in a book which by circulation could bene- FOR CHART MAKERS. A striking fit many. To quote from the letter: chart may be made from the Latin "This will not only mean a more up- American pictures in this issue, using to-date student volunteer library, but the door on the cover page as an inalso a wider knowledge regarding troduction. foreign missions for each one of us. The plan as worked out is this: the "Historical Data on Latin Amerlocal student volunteer group has ir.a," page 775, may be copied on a been divided into groups of four. large wall chart and made available Each member is asked to buy a book for various classes, organizations or which after being read is sent on to exhibits. a member who is next on the list contained in the respective books. Thus From the table of statistics on page each student volunteer is enabled to 746 select a few striking facts for a read four books during the summer. chart: All the books so acquired should be turned into the Student Volunteer At work in Mexico, Central America and South America 40 PRO'l'ESTANT SOCIETIES With 2,243 missionaries Facts and figures for another chart, or Ileveral charts, may be gathered

from Latin American Statistics (page wait for his turn to come around 758). The interesting ifiguresand again, or surrender his slip to an- comparisons (page 759) fUlrnish suf- other player, if there are more play- ficient material for a <half dozen ers than capitals. Slips with the type charts. of governments, as listed, may be dis- Another way of making the com- tributed and placed in a similar way.

parisons is to prepare blocks of wood, The fact that seventeen of the twenty- of sizes indicated, and'stand them on one 'countries named are republics top of each other; or lengths of rib- makes this feature more simple than bons may be hung up, marked with the placing of capitals.

the figures; or drawings :inay be made Instead of using a chart, each playon cardboard. er may be given a sheet of paper on DRAMATIZATION, A young man in which names of the COUntries are Japanese costume may give as a mono- typewritten, with a list of the capitals logue in Sunday-school, or at a Broth- and the forms of government, and erhood, or some other meeting, the asked to write after each country the words of Mr. Kobayshi on pages 161- capital and the form of government 162. which belongs to it. rrwelve girls in ordinary dress or in robes of white, or different colors, Number the five paragraphs in each carrying a shield or a banner on "Some Peculiarities of South Amerwhich is printed the name of the ica" (page 797), in order. Cut into country she represents, may present five strips and paste each strip on a the "Characteristics of South Amer- separate card. Give the cards to five ican Countries," page 754. Each members of a Sunday-school class, speaker holds her shield or banner young people's society, or any other aloft as she speaks the two or three organization and have them read in sentences descriptive of her country. order.

The Facts as to Mexico and Cen- Select sixteen boys or girls from tral America, page 776, may be pre- your Sunday-school. Give to each of sented in a similar way or maybe them one of the "Quotable Items given to various members to read About South America," page 753. aloud. The items should be cut apart and each pasted on a separate card. Dur- Four young women or young men ing the assembly period call on the may impersonat'3 the Social Idealist, boys and girls to quote their quotable the Christian Agnostic, the Ohristian item. These slips may be used in a Traditionalist and the Christian Mys- similar way in a missionary society tic as set forth in the article, "Four or a mission study class. Types of Intellectuals," pages 769- SPECIAL DELIVERY SERVICE. ' , A 775. r..etter from Dr. Grenfell. of Labra- A GAME OF CAPITALS AND GOVERN- dol'," (page 795), may be slightly abridged and copied on a sheet of MENTS FOR THE RECREATIONAL PERIOD. stationery and brought in by a spe- Prepare a large sheet of cardboard cial delivery messenger to the presidwith the names of Latin American ing .officer of the young people'8 countries printed on it in the order meeting to be read aloud by some one given in table on page 788, "Some Latin American Statistics." Give to each member of the group a slip on who is already familiar with it.

which is printed one name listed as PASSING AI,ONG BEST METHODS.

a capital Qr chief city. Players go <The Best Methods suggested on pages f0rward in turn and plaee the name 799-806 may be passed along to vaI'i~ of their city opposite the country of ous individuals and committees in which it is the capital. If it is cor- your church who can put them into rectly placed, 'the directl)r pastes it operation. It is not too early to begin fast. If it is incorrectly placed the planning for next year's Daily Vaca- playe'r must go back to his place and tion Bible School, and the experience

BEST ME'THODS

of the school at Bernardsville may be THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY. Do not helpful to various other leaders. lay your magazine aside without Make note of the closing feature of glancing through the book reviews in the Blue Ridge Conference and pass the Missionary Library and making it on to some other conference leader. the best possible use of them. Pos- Suggest to your Sunday School sibly some of the books should. be Teachers' Association and to your added to the church library. Others pastor the possibility of ' ,Linking may be called to the attention of in- More Closely the Missionary Program dividuals.

of the School with That of the THE ADVERTISEMENTS. It is worth Church." your while to glance at the advertise- ments which are given place in THE As you get help from the various REVIEW. Possibly you may know methods that have been tried and re- some one who will be interested in ported by other churches, think of the Missionary Education Tours adyour own responsibility in sharing vertised by the Missionary Education with others the methods you have Movement. Thousands of church found successful in your work and members are visiting countries in send them in to the Editor of the which their churches have mission Best Methods Department. If you stations, every year, and are coming know of other workers who have suc- back without seeing anything of the cessful methods, give their names work of their church. You may be and addresses to the Editor. able to call their attention to tours with the advantage of missionary A TRIP TO MONTEVIDEO. A group leadership. of girls or women could have a very successful hour 01' evening by using Various Boards are advertising Mrs. Fleming's "Under the Southern their needs. A recent magazine con- Cross" of the Women's Foreign Mis- tained a form of bequest for THE sion Bulletin, as a guide for the trip. MISSIONARY REVIEW OF TflE WORLD. To begin with, a placard might be If every reader gave a little time to displayed showing that the date is February 24, 1925 and that the S. S. thinking of some one who might make Southern Cross is setting sail. Vari- such a bequest and to calling attenous individuals may be appointed to present some feature of the trip, tion to this opportunity, the future stepping forward at intervals to dis- of the REVIEW might .be assured.

play some placard to show the loca- THE REVIEW AS A CHRISTMAS PRES- tion of the party, to give items of ENT. If every reader of the REVIEw information along the way and then gave a year's SUbscription of the turning the party over to another REVIEW as a Christmas present to guide. For instance, one might tell some one else, the problems of the of "The Night of the Open Heart," circulation department would be set- and another may introduce the inter- tled. If every reader felt a personal esting women in the group of intel- responsibility for introducing the lectuals. Yet another may display a REVIEW to one of his friends, picture of the" Christ of the' Andes, " who might subscribe for himself, or and so on to the journey's end. herself, it would not be necessary to FROM THE "HOME MISSION BUL- have a circulation manager. If at LETIN." As a special feature of a every conference or convention lead- missionary meeting, four girls may ers presented the importance and the present Porto Rico, Cuba, Haiti and helpfulness of the REVIEW and ar- Santo Domingo, selecting the most rangements were made to receive sub- interesting items of the "West In- scriptions, our efficiency in mission- dies" from the Woman's Home Mis- ary education would go forward with sion Bulletin. a mighty advance.

Woman's Foreign MIssion

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY THE YEAR'S PROGRESS IN CHRIS- Committee for the Christian L,itera- TIAN LITERATURE ture Society of Japan, to aid in re- By ALICE M. KYLE habilitating its plant, destroyed in the The Committee on Christian Litera- earthquake of September, 1923. The ture for Women and Children in Mis- "Day of Prayer" offerings for 1924 sion Fields welcomes an opportunity to tell of some of the year's accom- were to be devoted to this purpoae. plishments. In acknowledging the second remit- tance of five hundred dollars, Miss Amy Bosanquet writes in March, A Labor of Love 1925: "The Whole Christian L,itera- Happy Childhood has celebrated its ture Society of Japan wishes to thank 10th birthday this year and was a you very heartily for the fine donaguest of honor at the anniversary tion from the women of the Federadinner of the Central Committee on tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign the United 'Study of Foreign Missions :Missions of North America. The in Washington, D. C., last January. ~ew Testament volume of Dr. Hurl- This small magazine numbers among but's, 'Story of the Bible,' with its readers thousands of Chinese chil- many illustrations, came out before dren to whom its monthly visits bring Christmas; also ' Flower Petals, ' the only bit of bright, attractive Bible and other stories for little chil- Christian reading known to their cir- dren, also illustrated. cumscribed little lives. Mrs. Donald MacGillivray, its first and only "I am sending you copies and am editor, before leaving for her fur- sure you will marvel as we do ourlough year in Canada, completed a selves that such work can be done in labor of love in the translation and Tokyo, so soon after the devastation publication of the "Life of Christ" of the earthquake. The colored picin four small volumes prepared for tures were all reproduced here. Both these books owe much to the help of children and unlettered women who your committee. are "slow at learning and dismayed at the sight of big books." While in "Shokashi, the children's paper, is this country, Mrs. MacGillivray was becoming more and more popular and charmed with Mrs. Peabody's we are now printing 10,000 copies monthly. Ai no Hi7cari (Light of "Prayers for Little Children" and Love) is read not only by coolies and received permission to translate them fisher folk, but by all kinds of people. into Chinese, with such adaptations It is used in a good many hospitals. " as are desirable, for the prayer-life of The Committee grants $300 annually Chinese children, even in Christian for this paper.

homes, like so many in our own coun- " The Japanese spend a great deal try is barren. The funds have been more money on books now than they generously provided for this transla- used to do, though they have always tion and also one in 'ramil from the been great readers. Some of the royalty on the English edition. Christians are very enthusiastic about Japan's Response making known good books among their friends. The only difficulty is As was stated in these columns a that we cannot supply them fast year ago, an emergency grant was enough or in sufficient variety for all voted by our Christian Literature needs.

968 "The Christian Literature Society of the "Mother" Treasure Chest, yet here in Japan is developing fast. diversified in appearance and traits Plans of reorganization are now on of character as children will be, but foot which will give us a splendid all filling a real need in the language ccntre and selling department in the areas where they are published.

best street in Tokyo, which will be The Marathi Treasure Chest, or an immen:se asset." Balbodhmewa, has just received the From a personal letter written last hearty approval of the Marathi Litspring we quote the following: erature Committee of the Christian "While in Tokyo I was taken to see Council. It is ably edited by Miss the 'Ten Commandments.' It seems Emily R. Bissell of Bombay. Its to me this fUm cannot fail to be in- readers represent 13 different destructive here ·in Japan. The Chris- nominations in the Marathi-speaking tian Literature Society has put out a leaflet on the 'Ten Commandments,' area, and it goes into more than 1,000 to enable those who see the picture to homes. Its appeal is to the younger understand it better. This ought to help and it is certainly doing a help- children who cannot read English and ful bit of work to get it ont now when who need simple stories and teachings. the picture is running at three centers We are told of a magazine for chilin this part of Japan." dren in India with 4,000 subscribers, whose editor is an agnostic and who It is in such ways as these that our has no thought of God in all his mes- Committee with your support is sages for these children. We feel the standing behind the Christian Litera- striking contrast as we read of Miss Bissell's lovely ideals. ture Society of Japan and to the limit of its modest ability helping on Miss Bissell writes, "Our Marathi- speaking children need stories more these vastly needed enterprises. than anything else in the line of read- The "Treasure Chest" and It. Chlldren ing. I try to make my stories Indian and Marathi in the atmosphere they The development of the Treasure carry and I strive even harder to Chest, our magazine for boys and create by these stories a desire for girls has been the outstanding feature better living and an acquaintance with of our work in India during 1925. our Lord's ideals and teaching." The The English edition is going forward annual cost of producing these ver- and is winning many hearts. An nacular editions is $500 each. Miss article written by the editor of this Ruth E. Robinson, the valued and de- magazine on the "Life of Women in voted editor and projector of the the Islamic World" will be reprinted Treasure Chest, writes: "The work as a chapter of the book which Dr. is an extraordinary delight and its John R. Mott is editing, "The Moslem own very satisfying reward, but it is World of Today." gratifying to know that it is con- The subscription price of The stantly calling forth an appreciative Treasure Chest is three rupees (one response from others."

Gollar) but this is prohibitive in many Miss Robinson's too onerous duties Indian homes and a larger fund for ha.ve been lightened the past year by free distribution is very much needed. the arrival of Miss Frances Garden, Weare happy to state that three who is now Assistant Editor. Both vernacular editions are now estab- these workers are supported by the lished and gaining in favor: The Woman '8 Foreign Missionary Society Urdu which increased in its first year of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

from 100 to 500 subscriptions, the The Mission Boards are increas- Tamil, a very attractive and welcome ingly generous in their gifts to this visitor in many 'ramil homes, edited branch of the work of the Federation by Miss Gertrude Chandler of Madras, of Women's Foreign Boards. In- and the Marathi, replicas in a sense dividual friends and interdenomina-

tional groups like the National Board The program :Eor this year has al- of the Young Women's Christian As- ready been prepared by a joint com- sociation and the Central Committee mittee of the Federation and the on the United Study of Foreign Mis- Council. The theme is sions include it in their budget, yet at this writing we lack .$2,500 of our "IN EVERYTHING BY PRAYER"

needed $7,000 :Eoi-:I925 and failure to The committee decided that as this receive this SUIlt' before January 1st year is to be signalized by the study would spell disaster for all this sig- of prayer as a force in the Mission nificant and fundamental work. Enterprise, the attempt should be The need of Christian literature is made to have the day really devoted the need of springs of water in a dry to prayer; that we should come toand thirsty land. The accomplish- gether for thanksgiving, communion ments of which we have written are and intercession and that instruction but the slow drops ofa tiny rivulet and inspiration furnished through making its way over rocks and addresses should be minimized. through obstacles of ,every kind. Definite periods are assigned for Who will pray for the abundant thanksgiving and for meditation. ' The showers of interest and money which prayers are made very definite. Reshall make this wilderness of deprived sponsive readings are provided in and shut-in lives blossom as the rose T which God's great promises are re- cited. Intercessions for great causes THE UNION CHRISTIAN COLLEGES are stressed. Songs are interspersed. By FLORENCE TYLER It is suggested that the offering on the There is great need of a sustained Day, as in former years, be devoted to interest in the seven Union Christian causes that belong to all denomina- Colleges for women in the Orient at tions. In the home field the offering this time. The Chinese students in will go toward the work among farm these colleges have maintained their and cannery migrants; in the foreign loyalty to the colleges and to the cause field for Women's Union Christian of Christ. Colleges and Christian L,iterature for Letters from the colleges show great women and children.

enthusiasm with indications that this It is hoped that each individual will will be the best year in their history. have gathered her ofi'el'ing before- More American colleges are join- hand, and will bring it to the meeting. ing the sister college group, and new friends are swelling the ranks of loyal '!'he committee feels especially supporters on this side of the globe, anxious that the CAUSES SELECTED, both home and foreign, should be the "We have built-Let us maintain. " ones chosen in each meeting, rather THE DAY OF PRAYER FOR than some local cause or causes. The MISSIONS Council and the Federation which are promoting the meeting are each re- (Feb. 19, 1926) sponsible for their causes, and are de- By RELEN B. MONTGOMERY pending on the Day of Prayer cele- The annual Day of Prayer for Mis- bration for a large part of their funds.

sions, held under the auspices of the The condition of the world in which Council of Women for Home Mis- we live certainly summons us to sions and the Federation of Woman's prayer with a great, compelling voice.

Boards of Foreign Missions of North If we can only unite the hearts of the America has become a fixed feast in Christian women of America in an the Christian year to which thousands outpouring of their souls to God we o:E women look :Eorward with eager may help mightily in these times of expectation. crisis.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY MISS FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW. YORK ORIENTALS AND HAWAIIANS people of all denominations. Miss By GEORGE L. CADY Daisy June Trout of the United From the report <>f the Committee of the Christian Missionary Society, writes: Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions. Dr. Cady. Chairman. Instead of selling our property, we are allowiug them to use it this year for the It will be recalled that about five upkeep of the building. They are meeting years ago attention was called to the all their own expell8es. It is a most interest· congested overlapping of missionary ing experiment in the cooperative field. work in "Ohinatown," San Francisco. Year by year more information Perhaps iustead of an experiment and co· was secured, more of our mission operative work, at least as far as the boards are concerned, this would be better called a Youth Movement which has run ahead of boards became conscious of the need the ability of the boards to cope with the of a change of program, and at last situation.

a committee was formed to outline May we not hope that this moveways and mt;ans of eliminating com- ment of the young people will point petition and bringing about a union the way to that larger and finer union work." We are sorry to report that which we have vainly been seeking for Jittle progress has been made, possibly years~ in part due to the fact that sufficient It was hoped that the Methodist attention has not been paid to educat- 'and Presbyterian women's boards ing the local Chinese churches as well as the boards themselves. It would would consolidate their work for be manifestly unwise to override the Chinese girls. Certain obstacles arose will of the local mission and it has which seemed to make it impossible, been thought best to wait until the but the Presbyterian women are con- Chinese themselves should see the tinuing their policy of dividing their necessity. It is significant that al- girls' work and are now building in ready they are beginning to ask why Oakland a home for girls whereby they may divide the rescue work from the union movement, which is in prog- the regular training school. In this ress in China, should not be adopted training school they are now introalso by themselves here in America.- ducing industrial work for girls, hav- A Youth Movement has broken out ing looms and sewing machines, etc., among the Chinese themselves. and they hope that they may soon The story of this is as follows: develop Chinese arts and crafts. Re- After the meeting of the boards' rep- cently the Chinese Boys' Home, resentatives the Disciples of Christ, opened by the Baptists, closed its first sensing the disgrace of the overload- year of operation in a new and im- ing and competition voluntarily portant field of service.

agreed to give up their work. We de- A new opportunity in Oriental mis- sire here to express our very great ap- sion work should be noted: the ·preciation and to record our praise of coming to San Francisco and Seattle this splendid example of self-sacrifice of large numbers of Filipinos. Thou- Jor the sake of the higher ideals. sands have come from the Hawaiian This plant-one of the best in Ohina- Islands where they were employed as town-was chosen by a group of for- plantation laborers after the extensive ward-looking Chinese young people as Filipino strike of last summer. The a place for the gathering of young Methodist Board has begun active work for them under the experienced fO; S:~i~J:,e a!~g:::'!p:922 Jssue of the REVIEW superintendent from Hawaii. The 971

Y. W. C. A. of Seattle is also doing because of the determination of some work. Some agricultural col- politicians to prepare for the fall onies of Filipinos are being estab- campaign. It is impossible to meas- lished in central California though ure the disaster this has brought to most of them are casual laborers in missionary work. In the minds of the cities. There are probably 5,000 in Japanese here and abroad, America San Francisco and the total now on stands as a Christian nation and they the Pacific Coast may be twice that are unable to understand this un- number. Christian attitude. It is well known A new field for the Protestant that meetings of protest were held in churches of America is opening up in Japan against America and American South America among the large num- missions. These were not small riots ber of Chinese and ,Japanese who are but large mass movements, and one of migrating there. On account of the the leading newspapers in Japan said, Japanese exclusion act in the United "The land of liberty, of humanity States this migration has been much and of democracy is dead." Chrisaccelerated. The Japanese in Amer- tian missions in Japan have received ica, no longer being able to own or to a blow from which they will not release land in California, are studying cover for years.

Spanish and considering the more The Hon. Cyrus E. Woods, former favorable condition in Latin America. Ambassador to Japan, declares that There are already 30,000 Japanese in the immigration act of J924, which the coffee districts of Brazil, 10,000 in repUdiated all obligations of the Genthe mines of Peru, and many thou- tlemen's Agreement, was an internasands of Chinese in Cuba and within tional disaster of the first magnitude Latin-American countries. It is the to American diplomacy, to American opinion of Dr. George W. Hinman business, to the Christian movement that as their contacts with the Ori- and to American missions in Japan. entals in the United States are more He also declares that what Congress significant than with their own coun- really wanted might have been entries, their religious interest should tirely and easily secured without the be the concern of the boards doing slightest affront to Japan's honor, work for Orientals in 'the United dignity, self-respect or international States. lIe reports that there is one prestige. This willingness to alienate mission for Chinese in Havana, one in a friendly nation is all the more Tampico, Mexico, one for Japanese in astounding in view of the fact that Sao Paula, Brazil. The work in Cuba if Japan had been put upon the same is under the Presbyterians, the Tam- percentage basis as other nations, it pico work under the Y. M. C. A., and would have meant the admission of the work for Japanese in Brazil is only 146 immigrants per year. It is carried on by Rev. M. Kohayashi and interesting to note that the Christian is financed by a Japanese business Japanese in Japan and America have man in New York. kept their heads and been the voice of The immigration bill which was wisdom in the midst of all the tur- passed denies to both Japanese and moil. His Excellency, Viscount Kiro- Chinese the same percentage basis as ura, at that time the Prime Minister that accredited to other nationalities. of the Japanese Empire, said: "The This was done in the face of remon- Government will do all in its power strances from the churches, through to prevent a popular outburst; the the Federal Council, the Home Mis- people, however, are deeply moved.

sions Council and Council of Women Their sentiment on this matter cannot for Home Missions, and in spite of the be controlled by governmental au- strenuous opposition of President thority. It is the undermining of the CAolidge and SecretarY Hughes. All feeling of friendship and goodwill on of these were discounted, however, the part of the people which will re-

WOMAN'S nOME MISSION BUL,LETIN

sult in the creation of a different situ- tianity and Americanism before the ation between the two nations. The polyglot population – an example time is passed for war and the sword of Christian love which it were well to settle questions between nations. if all the world could know. This is The time has come for conference and especially true in regard to the Japamutual consent, for reason and right nese of whom in 1924 there were to rule between nations as well as about 125,000 (66,600 of them being between individuals. Material civi- American citizens having been born lization has weakened the fine sense in Hawaii) out of a total population of justice and right in every land. of possibly 307,000. As a result, the This is the world's only hope. At Japanese Christian missions in the such times as this only the Christian island have been increasing in num- Church can awaken the Christian con- bers and interest. It is true that the science and win the nation back. I strike among the Japanese laborers in still believe that the American people the sugar cane fields two years ago will make the thing right." reduced the Japanese population, but through it all the prestige of the The churches of America must not Christian mission was unimpaired.

consider this a closed incident. Again The Hawaiian Board is carrying on a distinctive union work which is an we must assert that "nothing is set- experiment, proving to the Christian tled until it is settled right" and the missionary activities throughout the people of America must be educated world that such a union is possible. We deplore any sectarian influences to realize thlj.t injustices will always that seek to divide that work. It is provoke war in spite of Leagues of true that the Hawaiian Board has now affiliated itself definitely with the Nations, World Courts of Justice or mainland through the Congregational Disarmament Conferences. There are Church but that in no way impairs no agencies in America so well fitted its nonsectarian activities. This af- filiation, however, gives the Hawaiian for this educational program as those Islands a definite place in the Coundedicated to the gospel of the Brother- cils which heretofore had to be arhood of Man. Interracial justice and ranged by a special provision. We goodwill are imperative if we are to extend to our brethren in the Hawaihave a warless world. Weare con- ian Islands our congratulations and vinced that there are no reasons, urge upon our American Christians a economic or racial, which should deny further study of their methods and a to the Oriental nations the same quota larger interest in carrying th!s experiof percentage which is accorded to ment to a more complete success. If other civilized nations. alien races were accorded the same generous and brotherly treatment Weare glad to report that the work in Hawaii is continued unabated. throughout the world that they are in Hawaii furnishes the world with an the Hawaiian Islands, there would be experimental laboratory in right race little race problem and the hope of relations. Through long years of mis- world peace would be much stronger. sionary activity and by continual cultivation of the spirit of brotherhood among all the races there, they have been able to place Chris- Down through the spheres that chant the Name of One Who is the law of Beauty and of Light He came, and as He came the waiting Night Shook with the gladness of a Day begnn; And as He came, He said: r:rby Will Be Done On E,arth; and all His vibrant words were white And glistening with silver, and their might Was of the glory of a rising sun. -Thomas S. Jones, Jr.

FROM MANY

AFRICA Y. M. C. A.'s of North ,America and white and colored friends are making The Livingstonia Jubilee this South African program possible. A new plan, the building of a hostel THIS famous mission in East Af- for native students, will be under- rica, established in 1875 by "that taken if a recent appeal to the 32,0,00 great veteran," Rev. Robert Laws, Negro members of the American C.M.G., M.D., D.D., is seeking to eele- Y. M. C. A. for $20,000 is successful. brate the fiftieth anniversary of its An editorial in Native Opinion, a founding by raising funds for sehool paper published by Africans in King and {wllege buildings. In 1875 there ·Williams 'rown, said in part: was not a church or school, not only Max Yorgan has exhibited gifts of tact in Nyasaland, but in the whole of and organizing power, and, through earnest· Central Africa, except on the east and ness and winsome personality, has inwest coasts: In 1924 there were 15,- gratiated himself in every home, European 413 catechumens, 2,0,644 communi- and native, he has visited. His unobtrusive cants and 917 schools. Rev. Frank but substantial work has already done mnch Ashcroft writes in the Record of the to improve social conditions and to provide high motives and some guidance among the United Free Church of Scotland of future lead9rs of the Bantu races. He has the development of Livingstonia sta- indeed placed us under a heavy debt of tion: gratitude to our fellow-Christians in Amer· ica, who voluntarily made noble sacrifices to There was practically no population in the supply a missing link in the chain of misneighborhood when Dr. Laws made his choice sion work in this land. of the plateau as a center for the training of Christian natives, and many would question African Chiefs Still Waiting the wisdom of fixing on so high and so remote a spot for a great educational institu- AFTER writing to the Chureh Mistion; but the founder's faith and courage sionary Society of the successful have justified themselves, and already, in work which is going on in several new addition to the students in training, there is out-stations in the Tanganyika Terria considerable population on the plateau, tory, the Rev. R. Banks, of Kilimaand a total popUlation in the district of, tin de, continues: "I am still unable say, 30,000, of who'n 5,000 are Christians. to put a teacher at Ndabulo, 'where 'l'he bnildings are nnmerous and are in- the chief, a nominal Mohammedan, creasing year by year; the most important has been waiting for some years. It are Dr. Laws's honse and the houses of the was this man who once told the late Scottish staff, the hospital, the industrial Bishop Peel that if we had taken him blocks, and the farmstead. The church, of the Gospel before the Mohammedans stone and brick, is steadily rising. The edn· had reached the country,' he would cational block has not yet been begun, and the school work is still being carried on in an old cramped building which serves also for a church.

Negro Y. M.. C. A. in Africa have become a Christian. He is still waiting for the messenger of the MAX YERGAN, well known as a Cross. Unyanzi, an adjacent country Negro Y. M. C. A. secretary both to this, once oceupied by the C. M. S., in the United States and during the is also pressing for teachers. There 'Vorld War, has been developing As- are in adrlition fQur very definite ap- sociation work for the past four years, peals from other places. One chief his field ineluding Zululand and Ba- followed me miles not long ago in sutoland, the Transvaal, Swaziland, order to beg for a teacher, but I was the Cape of Good Hope and the unable to hold out any promise of Orange Free State. The colored help."

974 Earnest Egyptian Laymen tion, I would be willing to appear ONE of the most significant devel- before them and give them personally opments in the Synod of the Nile, some of my experiences in the Suwhich controls the work carried on in Egypt by the United Presbyterian dan. " The writer then proceeded to Church, is its "Missionary Laymen's relate numerous incidents in support of his charges.

Movement," whose General Secretary, Mitry S. Dewairy, is also a field sec- Growth of Congo Scho~ls T retary of the World '8 Sunday School HE Wembo Nyama Mission, es- tablished by the .lVI. E. Church, Association. Its aims when it was organized in 1918 were, he says, "the South, in the Belgian Congo ten years revival of the church and honesty in ago, while putting great emphasis on stewardship. In these seven years evangelism, has also done interesting forty organized churches joined the educational work. The native lan- Society and gave generously for the guage had no word for "school," so evangelizing of their countrymen in sukulu was invented. Both young Egypt and the Sudan. The Synod of and old had to begin in the ABC the Nile spends yearly more than class, including Chief Wembo Nyama $115,000, of which about $25,000 is himself. Now, day schools are in purely for the evangelistic work. The operation on the various mission sta- American Mission of the United Pres- tions with an enrollment of several byterian Church which had carried hundred. Many of the mission boys the whole burden from its foundation live in dormitories. A Bible training in 1854, gradually trained the church school is located at Wembo Nyama, in self-support. Now the American where young men are required to com- Mission gives $7,500 of the $115,000. plete a two-year course before they The Missionary Laymen's Movement are sent out as native preachers.

hopes to raise this amount, so that Other important branches of the edu- the Mission may use the money in cational work are the workmen's evangelizing our countrymen, the school in which thirty minutes in- Moslems." struction is given the. m~ssion em- ployees just before they begin their Slavery in the Sudan afternoon tasks and the afternoon MAJOR DIGGIJE, formerly a Brit- classes for women. ish Administrator in the Sudan, recently addressed to the Anti-Slav- THE NEAR EAST ery and Aborigines Protection Society Moslem Monasteries Closed N a letter which he requested the So- OT content with the abolition of the Caliphate and the expulsion ciety to place before the Slavery Commission of the League of Nations. of the Caliph, with the conversion of The first paragraph read as follows: the ministries that administered the "I went to the Sudan knowing noth- sacred law of Islam and its pious ing whatever about slavery, but hav- foundations into mere departments of ing lived there, for four years out of the Ministry of Justice, or with the seven mostly alone, and in extremely abolition of the religious schools, the close contact with the people, I could Government of Mustafa Kemal Pasha not fail to notice the appalling evi- has ordered the closing of the countdence of slavery. Since my return less monasteries of the Moslem reli- to England about a year ago, I have gious orders in the territories of the tried privately to get effective action Turkish Republic, which are described taken, but unfortunately, the official as" cen:ters of intrigue and hotbeds attitude is that very little can be done of superstition." The London Times, at present; but if the J.1eague of Na- from which the above is quoted, says: tions Slavery Commission could ap- This anti-clerical offensive is doubtless not point a small committee of investiga- inspired only by political or rationalistic

motives. Many of the dervish orders are Minister of Turkey, is a strong suprich. Pious Moslems have endowed them porter of Robert College, and has wit.h lands and revenues since Islam estab· placed his younger brother in the collished itself in Asi" Minor. On the other lege as a freshman. He was graduband, the new maRters of Turkey are sorely ated from the Preparatory School in troubled by financial difficulties. The wealth June. These twenty-five student enas much as the political 3r religions views gineers, when trained, will set about of the disturbed dervishes is as great a installing sewage systems, water and temptation to a. militantly lay government electric lighting systems and other as were the riches of the monasteries to modern conveniences in towns in the Henry VIII. interior of Turkey. During recent years the engineering staff of Robert The importance of praying for College has served as a consulting these men as possible converts to bureau, without fee. Last year two Christianity is emphasized by Blessed professors from the Engineering Be lJJgypt. School made a survey and submitted estimates and plans for providing Trolley C..rs ….d the Fez electric lighting, water supply, pav- ing the streets and disposing of sew- TWO recent news items from Tur- age in the town of Adah Bazar at key indicate the rapid moderni- the request of the mayor. zation of its people, as far at least as externals are concerned. The first "N. E. R." Aids Church U ..ity deals with the trolley cars in Constantinople. Red curtaiIlSi formerly AT a "Golden Rule dinner" held enclosed the first two rows in the trol- in New York City under the ley cars, and women were required to auspices of the Near East Relief, Rev. sit in the secluded section, called the S. Parkes Cadman, D.D., President of harem. No man except the conductor the Federal Council of Churches, was allowed on the harem side of the stated his belief that the work of that red curtain and no Moslem woman organization had "contributed enoroutside the curtain. This curtain has mously to the great cause of church been removed and Turkish women now unity." At the Stockholm Confermay sit side by side with men, but the ence in August, he said, he had "the women still have a monopoly on the privilege of conferring with all the first two rows of seats. A man may patriarchs and metropolitans and sit there if no woman is standing, but archbishops of the Greek Church. should a woman present herself the They assured me, from the Archbishman must vacate the seat. The sec- op of Alexandria to the Archbishop ond describes "the passing of the of Jerusalem and the Arehbishop of fez, " so long the distinctive headgear Mesopotamia, that they have been of Moslem men in Turkey, and the drawn toward the West, not by the adoption in its place of the European common consent of intellectual minds hat, though the change has been the or doctors of the Church, but rather occasion of much heated controversy through .the work of Near East Relief. among certain groups of Moslems. That work has won the hearts of great bishops as well as refugees and poli- Tr..ini..g Turkish E ..gi..eers ticians. Truly we have seen the truth of the saying, 'A little child shall THE Turkish Government has en- lead them.' The, Armenian orphan tered twenty-five students in Rob- who sang for us tonight is a repreert College, Constantinople, to study sentative of thousands of these Eastengineering at the expense of the Gov- ern believers, whom we have apernment. This is the first time that proached, not with dogmatic comthc Turkish Government has defrayed mands, but with those deeds which the expenses of students at either of are the very essence of true religion. " the American colleges in Constantinople, and is in line with the policy of the Young Turks to modernize their country. Ismet Pasha, Prime

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Iraq Prince, a Beirut Student lative Assembly dared to vote against THE presence at the American Uni- it and that some of them declared versity of Beirut of students from that they were voting to protect reli- Mesopotamia in increasing numbers gion. " was referred to in the January RE- VIEW. Now word has come that His A Million at a Mela Royal Highness Emir Ghrazi, the twelve-year-old Crown Prince of Iraq THE annual report of the Wesleyan was to arrive in Beirut on October Mission in the Lucknow and Be- 5th to enter the preparatory school. nares District of India, describes one President Bayard Dodge received a of the holy places in the region, Ayodcable from His Majesty King Feisal hia, made sacred as the reputed birthof Iraq, asking that a suite of rooms place of Rama. Three or four times be reserved for Prince Ghrazi, his in the year the dreaming cit, wakes nurse and his business manager, who up. Great mela.s are held and from will attend him during the academic all over the district, or. from places as year. The Prince was to cross the far away as Madras, pilgrims come Mesopotamian desert from Bagdad to in hundreds of thousands. Even while this report was being prepared a spe- Beirut in an American-made automo- cial mela, held only once in half a bile. This newly opened automobile century, took place. Not many. were route across the desert makes it pos- expected till a day or two before. But sible to go from Bagdad to Beirut in all records were beaten, and the esti- twenty-four hours, a trip which for- mates of the number who attended merly took almost six weeks of travel vary from 700,000 to 1,500,000. In by land and sea. the crush a dozen women' were trampled to death.

INDIA, MALAYSIA AND SIAM Protecting Indian Girls . Coercion VB. Conversion T S HE failure of the Legislative As- AMBROSE, a writer in The sembly of India in its last session • Chri.~tian Patriot (Madras) to pass a bill raising the age of con- strongly and justly objects to the sent to fifteen for Indian girls was practice of some mission agencies in the occasion of deep regret to many India that offer inducements to Inprogressive Indians, as well as to the dian Christians to transfer church Christian community. Word has now membership in return for paid posicome of the passage of a bill which, tions by which a man may support while less advanced than the last, is himself and his family. Such a praca decided improvement upon the law tice is discountenanced by the mission hitherto prevailing. It must be re- boards at home and by most of the membered, in thinking of the status missions on the field.

of India's women, that this legislation applies only to British India, and Prince Prai.e~ Salvation Army T that in the native states conditions HE Maharajah of Patiala, an·im- portant native state in the Punjab, are far wou;e. The editor of The l'TIdia'TI Witness comments on this bill: recently visited the Salvation Army "Protection, to all girls below four- headquarters in Calcutta. He·was in teen will henceforth be extended European costume save for his bright against strangers, while girls below green turban. A picturesque feature the age of thirteen, if they have the of the reception was the presence of misfortune to be married, will also be the Salvation Army in native dress.

protected against their husbands. The He discussed with the leaders the surprise is not that the new law was work of the Army in India as a whole, passed but that eleven men with suf- and said that he believed that Genetal ficient education and powers of lead- Booth was one of the first men: to ership to secure election to the Legis- realize possibilities of Qrgalll.zing 5

'ritE MISS10NARY REVIEW OF Tltll: WORlJ

along the lines of military discipline seven hundred leper people who have the work of relieving suffering, and found refuge here all, with scarcely uplifting humanity. "I myself am a an exception, have become Christians. soldier," said the Maharajah. "It It is probable that some or even many has been my pride and pleasure to do not have a deep realization of what serve the King Emperor on the field the Christian life means in its fulness. of the battle in many countries and in And yet when one considers their several continents. 1 can admire and changed lives, their fidelity in Chrissympathize with the efforts of the tian service, their freedom from gross Salvation Army to attack vice, pro- sins and the heartiness and generosity mote social well·being and uplift the with which they respond to the call unfortunate. " for aid for those more needy than themselves and for the giving of the Indian Sadhu Quotes Bible Gospel to others, one is driven to the conclusion that the real Christian MRS. J. S. MacKAY, a Canadian spirit possesses their lives to a de- missionary in Nimach, Rajpu- gree. ' , The gifts of these Christian tana, tells the following incident: lepers to causes in various parts of "At a small wayside station in our the world have been mentioned more district, the other day, three sadhus than once in the REVIEW. (holy men) travelling without tickets, were, in accordance with orders re- Unique Ohurch in Singapore cently issued, put off the train. Judging by the extreme scantiness of their THE Chinese Church and Institute clothing, and the abundance of their recently dedicated in Singapore matted hair, and liberal smearing is in the heart of one of the most with ashes, they were extraordinarily congested districts in the city, and is holy (!) men. They loudly resented unique on the Malay Peninsula. It is an institutional church combining this interference with their liberty. religious and social activities within Is it not the custom for holy men to the one building, and is open to all travel free? Do they not boldly push Chinese irrespective of religious faith. themselves into railway carriages and On the ground floor there is a social assume the right to travel without hall with a reading room and other tickets? Who will risk their curses recreational facilities. The second to say them 'Nay'~ One of the eject- floor is occupied by the church for ed three was vociferous in his protest Chinese congregations, and on the against such treatment of a privileged third floor there are apartments for class. He raged up and down the the resident Chinese pastor and platform, pouring forth a torrent of others. From the roof garden that words in an unknown tongue, and surmounts the building one has a fine suddenly he ejaculated, in very good view of Singapore Harbor. Beside English, 'If God be for us, who can the building, there is a playground including a tennis court and badminbe against us?' This little incident, ton courts. The Chinese children in unimportant in itself, is just one more the vicinity of the church are using evidence that the Word of our God is the playground everyday. permeating all classes of Hindu society, and some day it will exercise its mighty, regenerating power."

OHINA Ohristian Lepers at Ohiengmai Ohblese Oollege Registration THE leper asylum conducted by CABLEGRAMS and reports re- Dr. James W. McKean of the ceived by Dr. Eric M. North at Presbyterian Board at Chiengmai, the offices of the China Union Uni- versities, 150 Fifth Avenue, New Siam, is famous for its Christian at- York City, indicate that despite the mosphere. In a recent report Dr. student agitation and strike of the McKean says: ., Of the more than

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

past summer the Christian colleges have nothing to do, so we just spend reopened for the fall term with nor- our time gambling.' One said to me, mal, and in several cases with con- after a pleasant hour's conversation, siderably increased, enrollment. Yen- 'You do not need to gamble, you have ching (Peking) University has a seen so much, and know so much registration of 550 students, which is to talk abf)ut.' If the maximum capacity of the present plant for both men's and women's A "Hot-Hearted" Christian colleges. Shantung Christian University enrolls 380, an increase of LIU GUANG TIN is a product of ninety over the preceding year. The the work being done by the Meth- University of Nanking has the highest odist Episcopal Church in the remote enrollment in the history of the insti- city of Chungking, Szechuan Provtution. Fukien Christian University ince. He has refused the tempting reports 128 students enrolled, a figure offers of commercial houses to unsomewhat less than that of last year. dertake a business career, as his fel- Canton Christian College reports a lows have done. His remark on the favorable opening; Hangchow Chris- subject translated literally was, tian College has a capacity enroll- , 'Money does not cover my heart." ment; West China Union University He is a rei shirv-" hot .heart "-in has 200 students, an increase over last the cause of the Master. And his year. The two universities reporting deeds proclaim it likewise. He is now large decreases in the number of stu- studying for the ministry in West dent enrollments are both in Shang- China Union University. He spends hai, the seat of the student strike. St. his vacations in institutional church John's College has only fifty per cent work, and in his leisure he is teaching of its normal enrollment. three boys of his native village to en- able them to enter the Chungking "Entering into Virtue Club" mission high school, the first step to- ward Christian service.

THIS is the title o:f a society which Phases of the Opium Traffic Jl.fiss Caroline Wellwood, a Canadian missionary, has been carrying on NEW developments in the sale of for over a year among wealthy women opium, as conducted by powerful in Chengtu, Szechuan Province. At combines in Shanghai, are reported in the closing meeting of the season the North China Daily News. Offices thirty-five were present. Miss Well- are being opened in the surrounding wood says: "We opened the meeting villages, with the result that there as usual with a gospel hymn and are more traders, doing better busiprayer, then came the report of the ness, than for many years past. Anyear. Nine meetings had been held other new plan is to have the opium during the year. Health talks were sale carried on as a mail order busigiven at two meetings; the boys from ness with the opium delivered at the the blind school entertained them at places of business only after dark. one meeting, revealing to them the The National Anti-Opium Association wonderful things they were being and the new Shangh.;li Association taught; the orphanage children pro- for the Combating of the Opium Evil vided one program, and drew on their are active in opposition to the traffic sympathy to the extent of twentY,odd and the Shanghai Commercial F'ederdollars as a Christmas present; the ation has planned a definite campaign other meetings were messages from which includes assisting the authorithe gospel story. These upper-class ties to arrest and convict offenders women have no helpful influences and awakening public sentiment around them, and not much of change against the evil by the distribution to brighten the passing days. Over of circulars and the delivering of and over they have said to me, 'We public addresses.

A Chinese Scholar's Prophecy the Chinese Library Association was formed. It has been proposed that I N Anhsieu, Szechwan Province, a part of the balance of the Boxer In- place with a notorious reputation, demnity Fund recently returned by the Church Missionary Society has the United States to China, be spent the largest of its churches in the in establishing libraries. province. One of the "local gentry, a scholar, prophesied a few months ago, Training Rural Workers that in twenty years' time the people would all be flocking into the Church A SCHOOL especially adapted for and that the missionaries would not the agricultural training of know how to teach them alL When eountry pastors and teachers was con- asked for his rea~on, he replied: "I ducted this pasi summer by the Col- have noticed the great change in re- lege of Agriculture and Forestry of cent years in the attitude of the com- the University of Nanking, China. A mon people to the foreigner and his large number of Chinese religious teaching. When 1 was a boy, every workers are taking the course in une said that the foreigners were bad elementary agriculture and the proj. men who must be avoided, and that their teaching was subversive of all ect method of teaching it, while good morality. But now all are say- others are studying the ways in which ing that the foreigners are good men the teacher may serve his community who wish onlv the welfare of China, and that the l10spel is good and sound outside the four walls of a school- teaching." This man has since be- rboooyms':clusbusr,vtehyes,givexintegnosifopnlaymse, tchooudns~ come a regular attendant at catechu- men classes, and has professed a wish try fairs, exhibits, demonstration t'or baptism. farms, community seed production Public Libra.ries for China and control, various forms of cooper- THE very idea of the public library ative work, community sanitation and as we know it, with its immeasure- able potentialities for good, has come hygiene. During the present aca- to China quite directly from the little mission lihrary started twenty years demic year, there are being offered a ago in what was then Boone School, of the Protestant Episcopal mission in one-year normal course for rural 'Vuchang, China, noW Boone Univer- .sity. From that library, created and teachers; a special one-year course in maintained by American friends and the Church Periodical Club, have agriculture leccotnudruescteadndindemCohnsintersae~ come the first public reading rooms, comprising with over 90,000 reader,S in a recent tions in a wide range of subjects; year,in the vicinity I)f. Wuchang, and the five-year regular course of alone; the first traveling libraries, study of the College of Agriculture the first farmers' clubs; the first li- and l<'orestry. brary training school, whose gradu- ates are distinguishing themselves in JAPAN-KOREA important positions; and now the vision, at least, of public libraries is Value of Tracts in Japan slowly coming into view. An expert in the library field, Dr. A. E. Bost- AT the annual meeting of the Reli- wick, has been spending some time in gious Tract Society in London China as an official representative of Miss Henty, a Church Missionary So- the American Library Asso()iation. ciety worker in .Japan, said that that While he was in Peking in June, 1925, country offers unique opportunities for spreading. Christianity through the printed page. She cont,inued: "The Christian pamphlet given away in the train, in the omnibus, in the street, or in house to house visiting, receives more attention than it would do in England. It is almost invari- ably read and carefully kept. The ;Japanese themselves strongly believe ill the efficacy of tract distribution.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

A young Christian employed on the Japan today: "~"or some eonsider- Kobe-Osaka trams wanted last year able time a young .Japanese Christian, to help in spreading the news of quite unknown to us, has been carry- Christ in the large industrial town in ing on social work in a large silk which he lived. He persuaded his factory in the north of Chiba prefecpastor to write a simple account of ture. Hi:;; efforts met with such a Christianity suitable for factory ready response that at the end of last workers.; with his own savings he had year 300 of the 600 employees were thousands of these pamphlets printed, regularly attending his Bible classes, and together with other Christians he and he saiel that ;JO() of them Werf) distributed them on two national wanting to be baptized. He had been holidays. That young Christian did carrying on the work independently, this entirely on his own initiative. but felt that he could do so no longer, Much work can be done by selling so towards tIle end of the year he books. " got into touch with Bishop Heaslett, and asked that the work be taken over "Better Babies" in Japan by our Church, and at the same time offered himself for training in our THIS phrase describing infant wel- Central Theological College. Not fare work is familiar in the United only so, but this young man is intro- St.ates, but. the emphasis put upon it ducing us to village centers where is new in Japan. Miss J. A. Pieters, groups of people are anxious to hear of the Reformed Church in America, about Christianity, and so is opening writes: "The infant mortality in up to us oppcrtnnities of beginning .Tapan is very great, and our own work in most unexpected places. neighborhood of Shimonoseki has a Spontaneous movements like this are very unenviable reputation. It was the most likely to spread, so we feel decided to give Ollr post-graduate stu- justified in saying- that the future for dents some training in this direction, missions in .Japan is very hopeful." and so we made the humble beginning of a 'Better Babies Contest.' Liter- Loyal to Tokyo's Shims ature was sent out, and it was announced prizes were to be given and REV. YOSI-IIlHCHI SUGIURA, the babies examined by competent founder of the " True Light physicians from the city hospitals. Church" in Tokyo, tells with simple The students of the school took down earnestness in The Spirit of Missions the history of the child, family, habits how his church members were scatof the parents, took the measurements tered by the 1923 earthquake to the and weighed the little ones. About various outskirts of Tokyo; how he one hundred babies, less than two has been holding services in a comyears of age, were thus examined, and paratively central place in an effort ten prizes given. All seemed very to keep them together; and how now much pleased, even most of the in- he sees in a recent decision of Bishop fants entering into the sport with lIotoda to open five new meeting great glee; they seemed such friendly places in outlying districts God's call little babies! Ijater a lecture was to him to give up his former church given by one of the physicians. It is members and stay at his old post interesting to have this new line of He concludes: work connected with the schooL" Under such circumstances, my only course Bible Class in a Factory to take is to persuade those members of my church who are living noW" near the new REV. E. R. HARRISON, a repre- mission houses to go to them, and I, on the sentative in Tokyo of the Aus- other hand, to concentrate all the energies tralian Protestant Episcopal Board of of my decEning age to my life's work in Missions, tells this story to show the Bonjo and Fukagawa slums and once more strong hold which Christianity has on start anew ill building of a new and second True Light Church in that dark quarter among the poor people who look to me as

their frientl "I would with greatest standard of the state of California through constant supervision and joy obey the will of the Lord, and most checking. Every child receives indus- trial training. One of the important gladly devote nly rrmR injng life to the work projects fostered by the schools is the reforestation of the island. I have been doing for marc than thirty years Filipino Mestizo Children now. THE American Guardian Associa- Flood Damage in Korea tion, an organization created in 1921 through the initiative of General A CABLEGRAM: received in Sep- Wood and supported solely by the tember by the Presbyterian 6.000 American residents of the Phil- (U. S. A.) Board of Foreign Missions ippines, has on its books the names of from its missionaries in Seoul, Korea, 4,000 half-American children in the read as follows: "River has over- islands who are the innocent result of flowed its banks, causing great dam- the American occupation. It is estiage and loss of life. All missionaries mated that there are at least 18,000 are safe. lfnch suffering; early re- sueh children needing education and lief is greatly needed. Yen 10,000. care, and an a ppeal, sponsored by Four country churches have been de- Major-General I.iConard Wood, Govstroyed near Seoul." Additional in- ernor-General, is now being made to formation received through the Japa- the American public for a fund of nese Consulate in New York indicates $2,000,000 for this purpose. General that there 1J.as been great loss of Wood calls the existence of this great property and a great deal of suffering. body of children and their present The 10,000 yen ($5,000) asked for by condition "the one black blot on the missionaries will be needed to help American prestige in the Orient." rebuild the country churches that Mrs. Kern, secretary of the committee were destroyed and to aid the suffer- for the fund, says: "With an annual ing Christians who have lost prop- expenditure ranging from $15,000 to erty. The rainy season in Korea comes more than $20,000. the Association has during the summer months and often- cared for ]32 girls and 15 boys. It times there are flooded districts. This is powerless, without assistance from year the rains have been unusually here, to care for the thousands that severe. are left… , The American-Filipino children are certainly worth saving. ISLANDS OF THE SEA They have imagination and initiative which is wholly lacking in the na- Schools in Guam tive. "

THE United States Navy supplies Religious Needs of Hawaii with governors our island possession in the mid-Pacific, Guam, and CHURCH work in Hawaii today the Presbyterian Board of National has been defined as very "largely Missions helps supply it with teach- home missionary work among foreign ers. Lieutenant Stanton W. Salis- missionary races." Fully one half bury, a chaplain in the Navy, and of the population of 284,000 are nonhead of the Department of Education Christians and the 40,000 Filipinos, in Guam, says that never before have while nominally Christian, have only the morale and interest been so high a very perfunctory relation to the among the teachers. School is popu- Catholic Church and eagerly respond lar with the children. There are to and greatly need Protestant mismore over-age pupils in school today sionary effort. Confucianism, Shinthan ever. He writes that there are toism, and Buddhism came in with twenty-three schools working under the thousands of Chinese, Japanese, the Department. The majority of the teachers are native, but nearly all the American teachers are wives or daughters of service personnel, highly qualified to fulfill their duties. The curriculum is kept up to the high

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

and Koreans, and have so flourished Church, New York City, every day that today there are more Buddhist from May Day to November 1st, temples and Shinto shrines in Hawaii Saturdays and Sundays excepted. An than there are Christian churches. attractive platform constructed in the There are also more members of the arch of the door facing the street and Mormon Church in Hawaii than in avenue, and chairs inside the iron the church of the original mission- fence, the gates of which are thrown aries, the Congregational. Most of wide open, provide the setting for the these Mormons are native Hawaiians. service. Promptly at 12: 30, the min- One of the show places in Hawaii is ister for the day, the leader of the the Mormon 'I'emple at Laie, forty service, the soloist, the trumpeter and miles from Honolulu, which cost over the pianist take their places. All the $200,000. They also have a beautiful participants wear robes. The first church building in Honolulu and few notes of the trumpet arrest the numerous meeting houses scattered stream of traffic that flows through the over the Islands. street. In a few moments a group of hundreds is listening. This grows or NORTH AMERIOA diminishes, reaching five hundred if Religious Motion Pictures the interest is deep and fading away WITH a:n initial gift of $50,000 to a half a hundred if the speaker Mr. William E. Harmon provides fails to grip or the weather is bad. for the first year's activity of the Re- At the close of each service portions ligious Motion Picture Foundation to of the Scriptures are distributed in produce and distribute religious mo- all of the languages spoken in the tion pictures. MI'. Harmon is presi- city.

dent of the Foundation and George Reid Andrews, chairman of the Edu- Day Nurseries on Ranohes A cational and Religious Drama De- HEALTH and recreation service among Oregon harvesters has partment of the Federal Council of Churchel:!, is vice-president and gen- been carried on for its second year eral manager. The board of directors by the Council of Women for Home includes Dr. S. Parkes Cadman, Dr. MissioI1s. On the ranches of Oregon, John H. Finley, Dr. Samuel McCune as in all other places where migratory Lindsay, and former Governor Carl families follow the crops, there are a E. Milliken, of Maine. If the first great many children who, as often as year's study and experiment produce not, are forced to engage in tiring satisfactory results, the corporation labor with their parents, simply bewill enlarge its program considerably cause the parents have no place to in the future. But for the first year leave them while they are at work. the Foundation will devote itself to Facing this problem, the day nurquality rather than quantity. Mr. series and playgrounds organized by Andrews announces that he expects the Council served about 500 children to produce six classes of pictures: those based on the Bible, on religious during the summer of 1924, and perbiography, on church history, on mis- formed a still more extended service sions and the cultivation of interna- in 1925. The harvesters invariably said the announcement of the day tional friendship, and two classes in- nurseries (in the establishment of tended to point a moral or adorn a which the ranch owners cooperated) tale, or, in the language of the trade, was the best news they had ever "pedagogical and inspirational." heard. On the hop ranches many of- New York's "Wayside Pulpit" fered to pay for the care of their chil- dren. The management, however, FOR the last three years an outdoor paid the entire operating expense for religious service has been con- salaries and equipment. Others on ducted by the Marble Collegiate the apple ranches said the service was

worth more to them than the dollar a interested, the plan is to build a week per child asked in payment. replica of the log chapel, the school and the Zeisberger residence on their Baptist "Lone Star Fund" original sites and to establish a mu- THIS title has been given to a joint seum which will be of great historical effort of the Baptist Foreign Mis- interest.

sion Society and Woman's Foreign Mission Society to raise $263,662. Mormon Missionary Methods S Both societies are in a critical condi-TATISTICS about Utah Mormon- ism, given at the latest convention tion. 'file work on the foreign field will have to be curtailed if this fund of that body, are emphasized by the is not raised. Consequently, irrespec- editor of Light on Mormonism as fol- tive of the general budget and entire- lows: "Note that there are nearly ly apart from it, this effort is being 1,900 Utah missionaries out to make made. The title grew out of a speech converts, and then add some 300 more by Rev. C. A. Brooks, D.D., of Engle- from the Josephite sect of Mormonism wood, Ill., at the recent convention of -total about 2,200 proselyters, going the denomination in Seattle, in which from house to house among people not he reminded his hearers of a financial trained to reply. Of course proselytes crisis in 185.3, when the Baptist Mis- can be thus obtained-averaging sionary Union considered withdraw- three to five per man. Read over the ing from its one station in Southern ten mission districts on this continent, India, and a poem, "Shine On, Lone outside of Utah, each with its head- Star," by the author of "My Coun- quarters office and full organization, try, 'Tis of Thee" stirred the church and over ] ,000 'elders' doing their and saved the mission. There are to- work-mostly in the U. S.; note the day 84,000 Christians in that South 64,189 members enrolled, and over India field. $1,000,000' worth of mission property.

Then note the fifteen foreign and is- Ohio's First Indian Church land missions, with 779 more 'mis- Sc HOE N B RUN N (Beautiful sionaries' at work, and 53,151 more Spring), the first town in Ohio to members-not converted from heahave a Christian church for Indians, thenism, for Mormonism seldom if is to be rebuilt. The site is near New ever goes to such; but proselyted Philadelphia. Ohio, and the state from other and true faiths, in most legislature has twice appropriated cases. "

money for excavations of the town which was settled by David Zeisber- Japanese in Western Nebraska D ger, the famous Moravian missionary URING the development of the beet sugar industry in Nebraska to the Indians in 1772. The Indians were taught the Gospel and they a few years ago, many Japanese were learned to work, so that they became employed in the fields, mostly by con- civilized and prosperous. They adopt- tract labor. The more thrifty of ed laws prohibiting intoxicating these laborers eagerly availed them- liquor, warfare, sabbath work, dances selves of the opportunity to become and heathen festivities, polygamy and renters of irrigated land. Right Rev.

social vices. Then later, when discon- George A. Beecher, D.D., Protestant tent and rebellion broke out among Episcopal Bishop of Western Nebras- the unsympathetic Indians in 1777, ka, states that the present Japanese Zeisberger decided to pull down the population is about six hundred, church and desert the town. It was ninety per cent of whom are Budd- buried and lost sight of but has now hists. Five years ago, he says, he been uncovered and many relics of met a young Japanese, Mr. H. Kano, interest have been found. If suffi- who was a graduate of the Imperial cient funds are received from churches University of Japan, and a post-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

graduate of the University ofNe- who live in the far northern regions braska in the Department !of Agri- of Canada, forbidding murder and culture. He had been converted from the taking of the law into their own Buddhism to Ohristianity through hands by killing the murderer. The one of the American missionaries in editor of The Bible in the World com- Japan, and was an earnest Ohristian. ments: "'l'here are many interesting Mr. Kano is now acting as official lay points in this document. It is printed worker in this region. He makes reg- in English and Cree, the native lanular visits in each home, and gives guage. 'rhis implies that there are the men training in scientific farming readers. Who taught them? Misand animal husbandry. He also as- sionaries. The curious script is not sembles the people in neighborhood of native origin. Who invented it Y gatherings each week, for social in- A missionary. Who put the language tercourse and pleasurable recreation, into written form? Missionaries. The and for de:finite Christian instruction. argument of the proclamation is based upon religion. Who teld these bar- Ne,,",fouDdland Prea.chers barous folk that 'Our God made the world,' etc. 1 Missionaries. The ap- AN interesting article in The Liv- peal implies a constituency where the ing Church on Great Britain's truths of the Bible are to some extent oldest colony, tells us that Newfound- known, if not always practised. Misland and a strip of the Labrador sionaries translated, and the Bible coast constitute a diocese of the Society published, the Scriptures for Church of England, quite separate the Eskimos and Crees. The fatherly from Canada. Roman Catholics and tone of the proclamation shows that :Methodists are also found there, and the Oanadian Government approaches each denomination has its own system its great civilizing task in a Christian of schools under church control and spirit. " partly supported by a per capita government grant. While there are LATIN AMERICA many English clergymen, Newfoundland is blessed with a ministry largely Y. W. C. A. Work in Mexico native. Not only has she produced her own priesthood, but she has many MEXICO needs new women for her sons laboring in Oanada, the United new day, and the Y. W. O. A., States, and other places. One Oanadian seminary has drawn very large- established only a year and a half ago ly for its students on Newfoundland- in Mexico City, is sepking to prepare ers and still there is a long waiting them just as some of the outstanding list for entrance into the local semi- moral leader" among men are the nary-Queen's College, St. John's. The places to which these men go are product of Y. .:vr. C. A. training. very isolated. Many of them have a hundred miles or more of coast dotted Eleven groups of girls and young with tiny settlements. Every day al- women have been organized to promost, they must be on the road, in all mote definitfl social service projects weathers. They have to direct the and to learn team work. Olasses in education in the schools, comfort the English are being tanght and arrangesick, reason with the wayward, and ments are made for the exchange, be the one great uplifting force in with foreign girls, of instruction in their extensive parishes. SpaniHh. Members of these groups have enlisted for health work among Laws for Crees and Eskimos the poor. A health education center has been organized in cooperation APROOLAMATION was recently with the city 11ealth department, addreSBed by the Canadian Gov- which furniflhes the equipment. A ernment to the Indians and Eskimos popular cir!Oulating' library, a thing 'Iuite new in .!lJfexico, has been started, ,pecializing on woman's culture, and a nucleus of 500 volumes gathered.

The National Department of Educa- communities in the cities of Brazil; tion offers cooperation in this work 35,000 Japanese, chiefly engaged in and fortnightly lectures are given to rice culture in the State of Sao Paulo, increase interest in reading. The among whom the only work carried dormitory and home for girls away on is by one Japanese Protestant pasfrom home is a real cosmopolitan club. tor; 5,000 Czechoslovaks, chiefly of An employment bureau is functioning Protestant sympathies, who emigrated as one of the most serviceable arms of to Argentina in 1920: small colonies the work. of Letts, Esthonians, Armenians, and Russians, and some 500,000 Italians, South American Methodism who present a field in which, in the judgment of some, evangelical activi- BISHOP W. F. OLDHAM, of the ties should be better coordinated and Methodist Episcopal Church, increased. writes as follows of the East South America Conference, which includes Training Peruvian Nurses Argentina and' Uruguay; "Though not yet Jarge in numbers, the evan- TRAINING schools for nurses have gelical forces of these southern re- been unknown in Peru, as well as publics had profonndly affected the other parts of South America, until public life., Great reforms had been very recently. Hospitals have existed initiated; public rights, such as lib- in all of the larger cities, but these erty of public worship, right of public have been in charge of Catholic sepulture, freedom of opinion, free- Sisters, not trained nurses. The dom of puhlic schools from church Nurse Training School in Lima in control, etc., had been secured, while connection with the British American temperance reform, child welfare, and Hospital is the first successful school the recognition of. woman's rights of its kind in Peru. At the present were largely the fruits of the impact time there are twenty-five nurses in of evangelieal teaehing in which all training. These come from all kinds evangelieals share, Methodism leading of homes except the extremely the procession. 'rhey accepted with wealthy. The majority of them have gravity and solemn sense of responsi- a limited amount of edueation, as bility the invitation to move as higher education is not considered I'apidly as possible to complete self- necessary for girls in this country. support. They pointed out that "We find them," says Miss Katherine twenty-five per cent of their churches Hankin, R. N., "a bright, happy, enhad already reached this goal; others thusiastic bunch of. girls, and very are hastening thither. They pledged good imitators. They learn very themselves to a more earnest witness readily, but do not always apply this of the truth that had been entrusted knowledge to the best advantage. Our to them. When the time came they course of study is taken from the would accept any added responsibility standard eurrieulum used in the that self-government would place United States. We do not go deeply upon. them." into the sciences, and give a few more hours to practical demonstrations, Imm,igranh in South America and a few less to theory. "-Christian Advocate. AMONG the groups of these people that are comparatively unreached Methodist Farm School in ChUe by evangelical Christianity, or alto- I N southern Chile the Methodist gether neglected, the Record of Chris- Episcopal Church (North) is con- ducting a flourishing institution, twn Work mentions the following; known as the Instituto Agricola 100,000 non-Catholics and Moslem Bunster. It consists of the church, Syrians in various settlements of agricultural school, primary school, Argentina; 45,000 Syrians and 25,- 000 ,Moslem Turks located in small

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

fruit, forest and flower nursery, church and made a bonfire of them in vegetable garden, dairy, farm, car- the middle of the street." pentry and machine shop. The agricultural school has been functioning EUROPE five years, and has had an average of twenty students enrolled from all Religious Awakening in Ireland parts of Chile. The requirements for entrance are the completion of the DR. NORTHRIDGE, editor of The primary course of study as prescribed Irish Christian Advocate of Belby the Chilean national schools, a fast, writes of a great spiritual sound body, good character and a awakening in northern Ireland. It willingness to work, all vouched for came without human engineering, folby two known people of the appli- lowing waves of materialism and cant's home community. The work of spiritism. One illustration of the the farm includes the introduction of awakening is the conversion of Robert new plant varieties for experimenta- Blackford, a noted atheist, who did tion and trial, and the development much to undermine faith. New disof native material and varieties, in coveries of science have led him to cooperation with the United States desert his former position for faith Department of Agriculture, receiving in God and spiritual things. The refrom them many varieties of plants, vival has brought Protestant churches seeds and fruits and in turn forward- together in a new spirit of unity and ing to them the best Chilean seeds cooperation and has produced a and fruits for propagation. deeper, more general study of the Bible. As a result, there 'has been Priestly Opposition in Brazil renewed conviction that Christ alone is the hope of the ages. REV. ALVA HARDIE, D.D., mis- sionary of the Southern Presby- Some other results of this revival terian Church in western Brazil, de- are a greater spirit of peace in Ireland scribes the hostility shown by a priest and an increased attendance at when he went to the town of Patos to church, with at least 50,000 people buy land for a school, and continues: making profession of their faith in Christ in eighteen months. A third "The priest here in Patrocinio has result has been a growing consciouspublished in the weekly paper of the ness of social evil and a determinatown for the last three weeks, among tion to improve community life. other things, these illuminating lines: Temperance has increased, the sale of strong drink has been restricted, and The propaganda of Protestantism, even if many week-day religious services it were true, even if looked upon only on the have been held in kitchens, mission religious side, even so it ought to be fought halls and in the open air. Christian by all Brazilians, it is the leaven of discord. life is in evidence on every hand. And there are already not a few of these leavens of disunion that we have among us. L. M. S. Educational Campaign Religion to the North American is nothing more than a branch of commercial adver· THAT great organization of Engtising, just as any other means of adver· lish Congregationalists, the London tising. Missionary Society, is instituting what ~s described as "a five-year cam- "These are a few of the means of paign of missionary education. " One persecution here in Brazi1. And what aspect of this und&taking is outlined shall I more sav? for time would fail as follows: me to tell of Sao Jose dos Calcados where the Protestant church building "The outstanding call of the hour was burned down, the priest being at is for a great offering of young manthe head of the mob; or of Apparecida hood and womanhood to the cause of do Norte where the infuriated crowd the Kingdom of God. Many of the took an the benches, pulpit, hymn- vacancies in the mission fields which books, doors and sashes from the could not be filled during the war

period, 1914-1919, remain still un- fiftieth anniversary of his momentous filled, not only because finance is in- visit to the Scottish metropolis. Three adequate, but because young men have thousand people crowded the audinot offered themselves for collegiate torium, the Lord Provost of the city training, and in consequence, the pro- in the chair. Sixty gray-haired men portion of missionary candidates and women who were present were from the theological colleges has, been converts of the campaign of 1874-75, inadequate. The missionary challenge and 600 others were fruits of the of the L. M. S. to the churches today labors of the Association which owed is first of all a call for the dedication its existence to him. Sir J. H. M. of the precious gift of life to God's Graham said that he had once sat on great service. Men and women are the platform of Exeter Hall in required who will be ready to make London with W. E. Gladstone and the offering of capable life to the work Matthew Arnold and listened to of preparation for the ministry of the Moody. At the close of the service mission field." :Mr. Gladstone turned to his com- panions and said, "I thank God that Preaching to Liverpool Jew. I have lived to see the day when He should bless His Church on earth by DURING the past summer a group the gift of a man able to preach the of fifteen converted Jews and Gospel of Christ as we have heard it Jewesses, siIpported by about thirty preached this afternoon!" Arnold, Christian fellow-workers,· conducted the cultured agnostic, said, "Mr. an open-air campaign in Liverpool, Gladstone, I would give all that I which is described in the Jewish Mis- have if I could only believe it!" sionary H emld: " The Jewish people were fairly: taken by surprise when Germa", Church Federation we reached their respective quarters and with unfurled Hebrew banners R.EV. CHARLES S. MACFARcommenced the meetings with prayer LAND, D.D., of the Federal and songs of praise. Still further Council of Churches, writes of his reamazement was shown as one after cent visit to the Continent: "One of another lifted up their hearts and the most heartening things in Europe voices and delivered pointed messages is the rapid development of the and testimonies. In all nine different Church Federation of Germany, and 'Jewish streets' were visited with the there is no more important contact Gospel, in each of which the messagel'l for our Federal Council and the as well as the messengers enjoyed full American churches than that which liberty. After each service a proces- is being deepened with it. This body sion of all our Jewish brethren and is different from any other federation sisters, together with our regular fel- in that not only are denominations low helpers was formed, and with our united, but aL.,o provincial church Hebrew banners we marched through bodies within the German Republic the Jewish Mecca, singing gospel which have previously been separate hymns. The Jewish community here and autonomous bodies. It therefore had never before witnessed such a tends to break down these sectional sight in their very midst." influences which have undoubtedly been harmful to the higher developlIIloody lIIle:morial in Glasgow ment of the people of Germany as a whole. Our relations with the Ger- THE abiding influence in Great man Federation are of much more im- Britain, as well as in this country, portance than simply the sympathetic of Dwight L. Moody is illustrated in association between the churches of the fact that not long ago the Glasgow two particular nations. It is to be Evangelistic Association, which was remembered that by far the larger the offspring of his revival meetings, body of the Protestant churches in conducted a public celebration of the

1925J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Europe are associated with Germany consider how effect can be given to through time, tradition and tempera- the suggestions which have been ment, and that German Protestantism made. " It is also "to examine the exercises a wide influence in Europe. " practicability of calling another such conference at a future date." Its Pione~ring in Bulgaria American members include Rev. Drs.

REV. PAUL L. MISHKOFF writes Arthur J. Brown, Wm. Adams Brown, from Philippolis, Bulgaria, to the New York office of the Russia Evan- S. Parkes Cadman, Harold Lynn gelization Society: "Brother Marko Hough, Shailer Mathews, Frederick Karatanasoff, our colporteur in Varna Lynch, and Bishops Brent and district, has recently visited some of Cannon. the villages where the people have never seen nor heard a preacher of World's Week of Prayer Christ's Gospel. One village, Chokek, is twenty-nve miles away from Varna, THE annual Universal Week of and our brother walked on foot, bear- Prayer, which has been planned ing a satchel filled with Bibles and for by the World's Evangelical Al- tracts. He talked to tJ;te women, chil- liance each year since 1846, will be dren, and m~n of the village, at dif- held in 1926 from Sunday, January ferent places. Two days were spent 3d, to Saturday, January 9th, in- there in missionary effort, praying, clusive. The call, issued by the preaching, singing, and distributing Council of the Alliance, contains the gospels and tracts, without ceasing, following references to world condi- and all this shook the village to its tions as reasons for prayer: " The very foundation. The people listened Jew is establishing himself in the land and cried and promised to live true of his fathers, and is beginning to Christian lives. In the other village, divest himself of the veil of prejudice Vladislave, each house was visited with Bibles and tracts, and a splendid .r through which he has till now looked open-air meeting was held. Many people stood for two hours in a sunny upon esus of Nazareth. Islam still place to hear the Word of God, and lifts a wall of towering defiance to it was the first time for them to listen Christianity, although great rents ap- to the preaching of the Gospel." pear in it. Perhaps even now it is beginning to crumble. On the con- GENERAL tinent of Europe the Papacy is fight- ing for its life, yet its propaganda is Stockholm Continuation Committee unwearied, endlessly resourceful, and not without success. Only a few lands THE delegates from thirty-seven are still closed to the Gospel; else- countries who met in the Universal where the Word of Life has free Conference on Christian Life and course, and is being glorified." Work, held in' Stockholm, August 11th to 30th, voted unanimously to China Inland Mi.sion Anniversary appoint a, continuation committee. Commissiqrl after commission in mak- T HE sixtieth anniversary of the found- ing its report pointed out the neces- ing of the China Inland Mission was sity of- a permanent agency to study celebrated in a conference held in To- , the economic and charitable tasks of ronto, Canada. (September 14th to 16th). the churches in all countries, to act as a fact-finding body for the churches, Sixty years ago, there were less than one to provide unprejudiced information hundred missionaries in China, and none ex- on subjects of concern to them, and eept at stations easily reached by steamers. to issue a periodical. These plans During tbe :first ten years of the China In- have, in general, been adopted, the land Mission, baptisms numbered only 777. Committee being given authority "to In the :first twenty-:five years, baptisms were nearly 5,000. During the next twenty-:five ye'ars they were over 25,01),0. During the last ten years (including, in time, the W"rId War, China's own wars and brogandage) 54,000 men and women have confessed Christ by baptism in connection with this onB Mission which has now over 1,100 mis- sionaries working in China.

MISSIONARY

GoBdu'~shnWelolr!d to Women. By Katharine C. order t conf ute these fallacies, and 127 Suunyside Ave., Oakland, 0 also to show that such knowledge Oahforma.

Mrs. Bushnell, equipped with a would have great influence for faith ol knowledge of Hebrew and Greek en-· in the Word of God.

ters the lists as a champion the It is assumed that the "Bible is Bible and of women. She accepts inspired, infallible, inviolable, and fully the authority of the sacred that any amendment or manipulation Scriptures and would stand by its of the text is unnecessary." By this teachings though they should go she is referring to the original text against all the feminism of the world. and not to English translations. With She believes, however, that an un- the errors and mistranslations of our prejudiceq study of the original will J;Jnglish versions she has scant pa- reveal it to be a work of power and bence. freedom from God to women. She For example, she shows that God has a suspicion that sex prejudice has did not curse woman. The translation blinded the eyes of many male trans- of His words to Eve is in error-that lators to the plain meaning of the is alL "The teaching that God pun- Scriptures; and her book seems to ishes Christian women for the sin of verify that suspicion. Eve" she says, "is a wicked and cruel "'God's Word to Women" was is- superstition." "The need of a dif- sued as a study book; in her prepara- ferent translation and interpretation tory statement to the second edition ?f Genesis 3: 16 will scarcely be real- Mrs. Bushnell says; lzed by those not familiar with the "We must continually improve in usual teachings to be found in our our understanding of God's will and Bi?le. commentaries, which defy the this necessitates a continual imp~ove- prmClples of morality and justice as ment in our interpretation of God's well as outrage the sense of the orig- word. So the question is, Shall the inal words."

Church change its present treatment Then follows a long critical .exami- of woman, or its interpretation of St. nation of the word teshuqa, trans- Paul? …… At no point is faith in lated" desire" in Gen. 3: 16. She the entire Bible being so viciously shows that the Septuagint translation and so successfully attacked today as represents teshuqa by apostrophe.

. at the point of the' woman question, ' She also quotes other ancient versions and the Church so far attempts no where a similar term is used in all defense here of her children. It as- of which the meaning "turning" is sumes that the interests of merely a few,3ambitious women are involved, awgirivtlel ntru.urlneSinohgveetrtohtehtnehey.t"rahnussSlbhaatenedsn;o, tae'~~~dTthhhoauet whe'r-eas the very fundamentals of our faith are involved.'; the Church Fathers seem to be igno- The objects of the lessons are (1) rant of any other sense than "turn- to point out the fallacies in the argu- ing" for the word. Clement of oRtohmere~ ment for the supremacy of the male Irenaeus, Origen, Jerome and sex, (2) to show the true position of are cited. Yet how much immorality women in theeconomy of God, (3) to has been fostered by this false trans- show women their need of knowing lation, where the word has been trans- the Bible in its original tongues in lated as sexual desire j 990 Mrs. Bushnell's treatment of the last chapter of Proverbs. Here again early status of woman as revealed in " a woman of chayil" becomes a virtuthe patriarchal age of the Old Testa- ous woman, though the Syriac version ment, is very interesting. She notes actually has "a strong, powerful, the command that a husband is to virile" woman. So the word that is leave his father and mother and used 200 times and used to indicate cleave to his wife, and brings out very force, strength, ability, becomes narclearly the existence of a matriarchal rowed when it relates to woman to state in which the husband is absorbed the one virtue of chastity. into the family of his wife. This early free and dignified position of Perhaps the most interesting dis- cussion in the Old Testament centers the woman disappeared after the re- around the passage in 1 Sam. 2: 22 turn from the captivity, under rab- where the women who assembled binic interpretation and regulation. about the door of the tabernacle are mentioned. The word translated Numerous and amusing instances assembled should be translated of sex bias are given in the English "served," as it relates to a time when translations of the Old Testament women actually served in the taber- nacle. Professor Margoliouth uses the text. For example, Lev. 19: 20 where word "wilful mistranslations" and the authorized version has She shall decl~res that the whole modern theory be scourged …… and he shall bring of the Pentateuch is likely to be his offering; the Revised Version has wrecked on this one verse. Space does "They shall be punished …… and not permit the reprinting of the he shall bring, etc.; but the literal whole argument. meaning is "There shall be inquisition …… and he shall bring his of- The most interesting and valuable part of the book is where Mrs. Bushfering. " nell turns her attention to the mis- Again the word cha-kam, "wise," translations and misinterpretations of the Apostle Paul. occurs 130 times in the Hebrew Bible. It is invariably translated "wise" Take the instructions contained in except in a very few instances where First Corinthians which are com- monly understood to both veil and siit relates to women as for example, lence women. In 1 CoP. 14: 34 it is J er. 9: 17 "send for cunning women stated "it is not permitted …… as that they may come." Another ex- also says the law." Who did not perample is found in Isa. 3: 12 where mit it 1 No law can be found in the the word translated "children" is entire Old Testament forbidding the not so translated in the two score speaking of women, but on the con- trary women are permitted to speak other passages where it occurs, and in public, e. g. Num. 27: 1-7. The the word translated" women" is prob- Judaisers, on the contrary, with the ably quite a different word. The rigid and narl"()W interpretation of the rabbinical tradition had the Septuagint translates this verse: "As strongest regulations against any for my people taxgathers glean them public participation of Women. Mrs. and exactors rule over them." Bushnell believes!that in Chapter 14: 3'4-35 Paul is quoting the views of Still another word chayil seems to the Judaisers as contained in the lethave been translated with a sex bia~. ter which had come to him from the Two hundred and forty-two times it church in Corinth, as he elsewhere in occurs. It is translat~d, army, might, the same letter quotes positions only power, goods, substance, wealth, valor, to refute them. Paul's retort to the and so on. But in four cases this J udaisers is found in the words word is used in regard to a woman. Once of Ruth, where the Septuagint "what came the word of God from translates it, "Thou art a woman of power." Our English version has it "Thou art a virtuous woman." Once in King Lemuel's description of the wo~d,erful, vigorous woman, in the you? or came it unto you only?" " Woman's spiritual head is also her and so on to the end of the chapter. King; and so is man's spiritual head. But woman's matrimonial head is not In the eleventh chapter it is pointed her King, he is only a fellow-disciple out that Paul is similarly quoting the and fellow-servant of the King." Judaising objections in the letter which he has received, in verses 6-10, The great part which women played and gives his answer in what follows. in the, New Testament is fully re- There is nothing in the Greek that vealed. It was women only who re- compels us to translate as a question mained at the cross throughout the v. 13, and the statement in verse 14 crucifixion. It was they who were the is so manifest a mistranslation that preservers of the seven words on the nothing but sex prejudice could have cross; they who were the first wit- so long retained it. "Judge for your- nesses of the resurrection; they who selves," Paul replies, "It is fitting were named as fellow-workers by for a woman to pray to God unveiled, PauL nor does nature itself teach you that it is a disgraee for a man to have long The writer believes that correctly hair, but it is a woman's glory, be- translated and fairly interpreted in cause her hair has been given her in- the light of attendant circumstances, stead of a veil." Paul's teachings in regard to women are not intended to fetter her, or to To sum' up the whole, Paul dis- circumscribe her attitude; that we misses the contention of the J udaisers may follow them in spirit, that we with a word: "If anyone is disposed never need to apologize for them, or to be contentious over the matter, we to disregard them; that on the con- have no such custom (veiling) nor trary we find the Bible teachings have the churches of God." squarely in line with woman's fullest freedom and opportunity. H. B. Y. In support of this contention, Mrs. Bushnell quotes Lightfoot, and the Some Chinese Friends of Mine. Mary F. custom of the early churches which Kelly. 12mo. 196 pp. 1925. permitted women to sit unveiled in church meetings until the Council of The best way to understand the Laodicea forbade it in 363 A. D. Chinese is through such personal in- One is tempted to quote further from this fascinating book, whose full troductions as those in this volume of and shattering force cannot be felt except as it is read in full, with a human interest sketches. Miss Kelly, careful study of the Greek text. who has been for nearly thirty years She shows that wives are never taught to obey their husbands; the a missionary of the Disciples in China, word obey being used only in regard to slaves and children; while the tells sypathetically the life stories of word "be subordinate to" is used both in regard to all believers (Eph. eighteen Chinese with whom she came 5: 21, R. V.) and to Christ himself. 'She shows what headship involves in into contact. Her friends include regard to Christ, and to husbands; where it means supporter, nourisher, teachers, inn-keepers, school girls, builder of the body, and not mere ruler. Christ invites his church to women of the old and new order, sit beside him on his throne; he does not jealously keep his church in sub- farmer's wife, gambler, night-watch- jection. We are to obey Christ be- cause he is divine; but he himself has man, etc. They are varied, well-told told us to call no man "Master" for one is your Master even Christ. sketches, suitable for reading aloud at home or in sewing circles. "

Dear Family. By Peggy Ann. 16mo. 107 pp. 1925.

A wide-awake young college woman from the United States, without much missionary vision, goes to serve as a teacher in a mission school in South America. She writes home a series of interesting letters which give an excellent insight into the fufiuences that give her a real interest in mis- shores of the "Isle of Rum" off the sionary work. There is nothing southern coast of Newfoundland and solemn or stereotyped about these many other unadvertised spots in letters but they are human, purpose- America's great out-of-doors, make up ful and stimulating. this "Land of New Delight." The author says that the" fine harmonies The Missionary Evangel. E. D. Mouzon. of life in the open" will reward the 12mo. 181 pp. 1925. traveler for lack of bed springs and The missionary message of the limousines, if he is not in a hurry nor Bible, its relation to the human soul, greatly interested in what he will the Christian view of God, the Gospel have for dinner. In some of theso of the Cross, and the sanctification of out-of-the-way places our guide found all life, are the subjects of five lec- young missionaries "with courage of tures delivered by Bishop Mouzon of iron and needing it." He shows an the Methodist Church, South, in appreciation of their work and a feel- Dallas, Texas. They are evangelical, ing that some of these neglected places fresh, forceful and practical, espe- are in need of a Light independent of cially stimulating to students and sunrise or sunset featured. While in pastors. no sense a missionary book, it may be recommended as a source for mission- The Eternal Hunger. Edward Steiner. ary settings to enliven missionary 12mo. 150 pp. $1.25. 1925. papers or addresses. c. H.

These fourteen incidents describe some of Professor Steiner's spiritual The Master Life. W. P. Livingstone. 8vo. experiences, most of them in his boy- 405 pp. $2.50. 1925.

11000, when he W:1S a Jewish lad in There is no more fruitful theme Poland. The last two or three have than the earthly life of Jesus. It has to do with his Christian life but in all been written up from every angle and of them is revealed a yearning for for every class of reader. Here the God, a sympathy with Christ and a author of "Mary Slessor" and other desire to bring men into fellowship excellent biographies writes the biog- with God. Professor Steiner is a man raphy of the God-Man of Galilee, in of deep emotions, with sympathy for modern !'ltyle, without the use of ec- his fellow-men, rather than a phil- clesiastical phraseology. The author osopher or theologian. He knows how uses New 'l'estament material with to tell a story so as to bring out imagination and draws upon the re- dramatic effects and to touch the sults of modern research to picture hearts of his readers. vividly Jesus and His times humanly but with reverence. He brings out Least Known America. A. Eugene Bartlett, clearly the greatness of His character, author of "The Joy·Maker," "Harbor Jim, "etc. Illustrated, l1U1pS, 286 pp. the wonderful quality and effects of $2.50. New York. 1925. His words and works and the divine The prospective tourist who may include in his itinerary those portions mission that brought Him into the of America described by Mr. Bartlett, world. It is a fascinating and power- ful story. .

should discard as useless baggage his The Man of Sorrows. Albert T. W. Steinblue book of travel with its list of haeuser. 318 pages. $2.25. New York.

hotels of di!'ltinction. The regions in- 1925.

cluded here offer no accommodations This book of Lenten devotions on for travelers, but there is promise of the passion of our Lord contains dis- an abundance of blue sky, fair criminating selections for scripture weather and beautiful scenery. The reading, prayers, and meditations for road to Chimayo, a little-known vil- the entire period and will be of great lage in New Mexico, Indian trails to assistance to all who desire to follow the "Home of the Great Spirit, the such a plan of devotion. Many of the 6 prayers, collects, and litanies have a always had a fascination and a rofreshness which is most appealing. mance both in their savagery and in their conversion to Christianity. J. F. R. 'rhese two fascinating volumes tell the story of Erromanga, the Martyr Isle, A Treasury for Teachers. Edited by John Gray. 12mo. 196 pp. 28 net. 1924. and of tours among the other volcanic islands, heathen and Christian. Sunday-school teachers and others will find in this compact volume use- The Copping Bible Pictures. 95 colored ful material for illustrating lessons illustrations. 5o/sxS14 inches. $2.50 per and talks. There are brief biogra- set. Westminster PI'CSB. Philadelphia. phical sketches, sermonettes, lesson 1925. outlines, teaching suggestions, subjects for speakers and short articles With rare and sympathetic underon baptism, the Bible, service, work standing of his subject, and peculiar for children, unruly pupils, etc.; also artistic skill, Harold Copping has insome object lessons and blackboard terpreted thirty Old Testament and work. sixty-five New Testament scenes. They are thoroughly Oriental and Mounting Up with Wings. N orthcote Deck. Palestinian in treatment. While in 12mo. 1'"' pp. 3s net. Glasgow. 1925. !'lome pictures the printing is much more clear and satisfactory than in Dr. Deck, a missionary to the Sol- others, the coloring is good and genomon Islands, gives in this little erally the conception of Jesus is volume, seventeen brief messages deal- pleasing. Each picture is on a seping with the "life of simple faith." arate sheet and nnder it is printed a They are biblical, practical and spir- Bible text and a brief description of itual. Christians will find comfort the scene.. The paintings draw less and inspiration in them. on the imagination than many of Tissot's, for the artist makes no at- Mountain Peaks in the Life of Our Lord. tempt to depict halos and angelic William Bancroft Hill. 8vo. 189 pp. figures, (except in the scene of the $1.50. New York. 1925. shepherds on the night of the nativity. 'rhese pictures are excellent for teach- With the devout spirit of a Chris- ing Bible lessons. tian, the keen insight of a student, the practiced skill of a teacher, the Mission Methods. Carrie Lee Campbell. vivid descriptions of a traveler, the 65 pp. $1.00. Richmond, Va. 1923. practical sense of a virile man, and the attractive style of a literateur, A book of methods for the use of Dr. Hill has selected these outstanding events in the life of Jesus, asso- churches, Sunday-schools and missionciated with the outstanding points in the Palestinean landscape in order to ary societies. Pifty-eight suggestions present a popular, impressive life of Christ. The mountains of Nazareth, are given for missionary features the temptation, the temple, the transfiguration, the crucifixion and the as- which may he introduced in various cension are a few of the hills around which the narratives cluster. The programs. While the book was prebook will well repay, the reader. pared specifically for Southern Pres- Midst Volcanic Fires. Maurice Frater. Illus. 12mo. 288 pp. $2.25. Boston. byterian churches, the suggestions 1922. may be readily adapted for use else- Won by Blood. A. K. Langridge. Illus. 12mo. 128 pp. where. K. s. C.

The New Hebrides Islands, first Color Blind. a Missionary Play in Three made famous by John G. Paton, have Acts. Margaret 1', Applegarth. 10 cents. New York. 1923.

This missionary play, from Miss Applegarth's book of Short Mission- ary Plays, teaches God's love and care for the children of all races and colors. K. s. C. MISSIONS LATEST BOOKS ON JAMES LIVINGSTONE STEWART The Laughing Buddha A Tale of Love and Adventure in Western China.

"Not only interesting, it is instructive. From it we can glean an insight into the situation not merely in Szechuan, but in China. It portrays vividly and accurately the life of the people in these days of transition between the old and the new."-Lewis H odous, Secretary, Ken/tcdy School of Missions. Illustrated, $2.00 ISABEL BROWN ROSE F.P. TURNER-F. K.SANDERS (Editors) Red BlosSOIDS The Foreign Missions A Story of Western India. Convention at "The ups and downs. the problems and per- Washington, 1925 plexities, the pains and pleasures of modern Addresses given at the Foreign Missions Con- vention of the United States and Canada held missionary life told in an interesting romance." in Washington, D. c., 1925. -Christian Union Herald. $1.75 Special Net, $2.50, plus postage. HOWARD E. ANDERSON Gospel RODlance in the Christian Work in South Huts of the Punjab AIDerica Introduction by Prof. Chas. R. Erdman, ROBER'!' E. SPEER, Chairman; S. G. INMAN, Sec'y.; F. K. SANDERS, Chairman Editorial Princeton. Committee. Official Report of the Congress at Montevideo. Glimpses of Missionary Activity in the Vil- Reports of Commissions and Discussions, in- cluding Bishop McConnell, Dr. William I. lages of Northwest India. Haven, Dr. Frank T. Sanders, Dr. Eric North, etc., etc. 2 vols.; per set, special net, $4.00 "There is nothing better than these human- interest tales from the Punjab."-Christian Endeavor World. Illustrated, $1.25 ELLA MARIE HOLMES WEBSTER E. BROWNING, PhD., Litt.D. Sowing Seed in Assanl RODlan Christianity in Introduction by Helen Barrett Montgomery. Latin AIDerica Missionary Life and Labors in Northeast India.

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where she labored under the most trying con- Beach. $1.00 ditions. Illustrated. $1.50 CHRISTINE I. TINLING W. F. JORDAN Bits of China The Awakening of the World's W. C. T. U. Organi;er. CentralAIDerican Indian Travel Sketches in the Orient. Introduction Secretary, Upper Andes Agency, American by Anna A. Gordon. Bible Society.

"How she did make us enjoy her journeys Furnishes striking testimony to the regenera- through China, this earnest, and as it proved tive power of the Bible when placed in the exceedingly brave woman !"-Boston Trans~ hands of the newly-co_nverted, though ignorant cript. Illustrated, $1.50 Indian. 75c FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY CHICAGO, 17 North Wabash Avenue NEW YORK, .. 158 Fifth Avenue Please mention THE M:iSSIONABY REVIEW OF ~HE WORLD In writing to advertisers. A Missionary Pilgrim's Progress Is American Missionary Work ~erry-C;o-Ftound in Turkey Worth While? By Margaret T. Applegarth A pilgrim's prog- ress through mis- sion fields around the world is CGn- tained in this book of s tor i e s , pro- You will find the answer in grams for special OSlYlan Pasha occasions, activity A Play of the New Turkey outlines, memory By William Jourdan Rapp hymns and Bible Which Tells of a New Faith in the Near East verses, handwork, posters, gam e s .

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1701-1703 Chestnut Street, 353 Fourth Avenue New York City Philadelphia, Pa.

PERSONALS REV. ARTHUR H. SMITH, D.D., one of the Attractive most widely known of American mission- Accommodations aries, author of "Chinese Characteristics," recently celebrated his eightieth birthday at At the Heart of New York! 'l'unghsien, China. MISSIONARIES *** R.EV. F. I. JOHNSON, of Columbus, Ohio, has been eleded an associate secretary of t.he Metho(1ist Episcopal Board of Foreign Missions.

PR.INCIPAL SAM HIGGINBOTTOM, of the PASTORS Agricultural 3nel Industrial Institute in EVANGELISTS Allahabad, India, received the honorary degree of Doctor of Philanthropy from and other Christian Workers, together with Princeton University, his Alma Mater, last members of their families, can secure most de.. June. sirable single or double rooms, when visiting New York, in the new fire-proof building of REV. NOLAN R. BEST, for many years the the National Bible Institute. Every room an able editor of The Continent, has become outside room, newly furnished, and with hot executive secretary of the Baltimore Federa- and cold running water! Rates exceptionally tion of Churches. low. For detailed information or reservations MISS A. L. MILLARD, after thirty-eight address: years of service in Bombay under the Guest Secretllry (E), Marathi Mission (Congregational), has returned to America. The' National Bible Institute, OBITUARY 340 West Fifty.fifth Street, REV. HENRY W. BOONE, D.D., son of the Ne~ York City. 1lrst Bishop Roane of Chin", brother of the sec.ond Bishop Boone, and himself a mission- Don O. Shelton, M. T. Shelford, ary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in that cO.nntry for over thirty years, died re- President. De"n. cently m Los Angeles, aged eighty-six.

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The Missionary Review of the World — May 1925

A PICTURESQUE PROMENADE IN PEKING UNION MEDICAL

Clearance Sales ~~~ to reduce stocks before we move A MOST unusual opportunity 1 Reductions in every department in the store. Because of our move this Fall to 49th Street and Fifth Avenue we are holding a general clearance sale this Spring to reduce our stocks. Some of the articles included are Damask, Fancy and Bed Linens, Towels, Blankets, Comfortables, Laces, Hosiery and Women's Personal Apparel.

Write today for "Clearance Sale Booklet No. 29"

us Req. Rlt. Off. James McCutcheon & Co.

"Department w.o. 20 Fifth Avenue, 33rd and 34th 8t8., New York Will You Work with Dr. Zwemer?

After spending three months in Egypt he is planning to visit South Africa in the interest of work for Moslems there. Later he will go to Mesopotamia and India. You can go with him and help in this work by your prayers and gifts to supply Christian Literature for Moslems.

Egypt Syria Russia China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa These countries are furnished with Christ's Message through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and with Interdenominational Committees on the fields to give the Gospel Message through the printed page.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS William 1. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice Presidents Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., Cairo, Honorary Field Secretary Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. William Borden Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Dr. William B. Anderson ~ Dr. John H. Raven Mr. Fennel! P. Turner Miss Anna A. Milligan Mrs. D. L. Pierson Send your contributions to MRS. E. E. OLCOTT, Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New York City. c _ Apply for information and literature to MRS. JAMES M. MONTGOMERY, Secre- tary, I West 72nd Street, New York City.

Please mention THE MISSIONA.RY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers~ of THE MISSIONARY Review the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor CONTENTS FOR MAY, 1925 Page FRONTISPIECE ……….. THE PROMF..NAl>E OF UNION MEDICAL COLLEGE, PEKING EDITORIALS ……………………………………………………… 341 HAS THE AIM OF MISSIONS CILNGED~' A YOUTH MOVEMENT IN KOREA INFLUENCE OF IMM[GRANTS ON AMER- RELIGIOUS CONTROL 1N TURKEY !CAN LIJ<'E PIONEERING IN EAS·TERN LAOS LAND …………. , … , …. HUGH TAYLOR 349 An interesting story of a recent trip am011g unrrtrangelized tribes on the eastern border of Siam.

JAVA AND THE DUTCH EAST INDIES, ……………. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 355 Facta in regard to tM remarkable work in Maln.ysia, as gathered by])r. Zwemer in his recent visit to this field where thousands of Moha1ll!medam", have become Christians.

DESTROYING ONE HUNDRED IDOl,S ……….. MRS. E}'lMA DRESSEL SMITH 362 The story of the voluntary destrtwti01' of images in, Western China, following the preacTving of the Gospel by missionarie8.

EFFECTIVE PRAYER FOR MISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RoBERT F. HORTON 36~ A thoughtful study by a pastor of long experience who g'ives his eonviotions as to the importance and value 0/ ilflterec8sion.

FOREIGN STUDENTS IN AMERICA ………….. ,' ,W. REGINAW WHEELER 365 An excursion into what is to many a'llunkn.own field among the thousands of young men and young women of m.any nationaltities Ivho are brought into cm- tact with Christians and non-Christians it, the United States.

DIFFICULT CONDITIONS IN BRAZIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FRANK L. BAKER 369 Some of the obstacles to evangelical Christianity encountered in this great republic where paganism, infidelity, formal religious observances twd Christianity contend for the mastery.

RELIGION AND ANTI-RELIGION IN RUSSIA ………….. R;t)CENT VISITORS 371 Bome interesting and illuminating observations made by experienced and keen observers as to what is going on in R1tssia between extreme radicalism and conservatism and between a.nti-rdigiotls propllganaa and the simple faith of the multitudes.

AHMED OF BAGHDAD ……………………………………………• 380 The story Of how a young man, now a studen-t of the American Un,iversity in Cairo, was led to faith in Jesus C/wist and an open eo·"fession of Him.

BEST METHODS FOR DOING T1UJ IMPOSSIBLE .. EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 382 WOMEN'S HOME AND FOmnGN MIfSSION BULLETINS …. , .. ,……… 391 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 397 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 413i TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1925, by MISSIONARY REVlEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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Robert E. Speer. President William I. Chamberla.in, Vice-President PUbUcati~llel:m~~, LSdP~r~:ii7Si~~~i7arrl'bUJ;lr Editorial :u~tf{usfn~~~~~1 ~r;;BFr~ AT.nu. Po.. 250 a OOP7 '2.60 .. 7….. New York City IIlltered al .-.nd-cl"". matt.r ..t the POlt om…. Harrisburg, Pa., under Act ot March 3, 1871. The bandit saYI– HARTFORD "YOUR MONEY OR YOUR LIFE" SEMINARY FOUNDATION The Master says– Hartford, Conn.

"YOUR MONEY AND YOUR LIFE" W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, :President You can both live and give at the Theological Seminary Dea.n, 'X. W. Ja.eQb~B same time. School of Religious :Pedagogy ANNUITY AGREEMENTS Dean, E. H. Knight show the way. Xennedy SchOOl of Missions Dean, E. W. C&pen Write for information to- Morris W. Ebneo, Treasu=, Board of Foreign Through these associated schools Hartford offers full training for Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, t50 1. The Christian lIIlnlltry. Filth Ave., New York, N. Y. 2. Religious J:ducatlon and Social Service, W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Boord 01 Home Mis- S. ~he Foreign Field.

sions and Church Extension 01 the Methodist Epis- Each school has its independent faculty and copal Church, t 70 t Arch St.. Philadelphia. its own institutional life and together they form one interdenominational institution with the unity ot a com;mon aim and spirit.

The plan for a group of eight buildings for the Foundation is being carried out. Mackende Hall, the woman's dormitory, is already com- pleted and occupied under direction of the Dean of Women, Mrs. Lester McLean, Jr~ Construc- tion has begun on Knight Hall, a classroom building, and Avery Hall, the library.

PERSONALS REV. LEYTON RICHARDS, successor to· Dr. .T. H. Jowett in Birmingham, England, is REV. W. C. POOLE, Ph.D., President of the touring the United States this spring in the interests of international understanding and World's Sunday School Association, arrived good will, under the auspices of the National (i'ouncil for Prevention of War. in New York on April 7th. .. * * *** REV. GODFREY PHlliliIPB and REV. V. A. REV. OHA&LES W. IGLEHART, for some years a Methodist missionary in Japan, has BARRADALE have been appointed secretaries been made an acting Associate Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, in special of the London Missionary Society, the charge of home base cultivation.

former to have special charge of the mis- OBITUARY sions in India and Mr. Barradale those in Africa, Madagascar and the South Sea Islands. .. * * REV. A. W. EL.1>1SLIE, who has just retired from the Livingstonia Mission, has been con- MRS. J. L. STUART, for fifty·one years a Presbyterian missionary in China, died in tinuously at work in Nyasllland since 1884. Peking on January 16th, at the age of **• eighty·three. Rer husband, who died eleven years ago, had spent forty-five years in mis- T. Z. Koo, who has been for several years sionary service, and their son, Dr. J. Leigh- ton Stuart, is president of Peking Univer- " secretary of the National Council of the sity. Y. M. O. A. of Ohina, is also secretary of RIGHT 1{ON. LORD PENTLAND, President the Wodd 's Student Christian Federation. of the British Committee of the Wodd 's In the latter capacity he is now visiting Sunday School Assoeiation and also of the Glasgow (ionvention Council, died in March, . . . American COlleges and universities. aged sixty·four.

REV. S. HALL YOUNG, who had been planning to make an extensive trip through the country in the interests of Presbyterian missionary work in Alaska, was taken very ill in Denver and has been Obliged to rnucel . . his engagements. REV. FREDER.ICK FA.Y WOLFE, missionary MIss AMELIA D. KEMP has been ap- of the M. E. Church in Mexico for sixteen pointed E,xeeutive Secretary of the Women's years, died January 12th at Lima, Peru, Missionary Society of the United Lutheran whither he haed just _been transferred as Church in America to succeed Mrs. Helen superintendent of the North Andes Mission Conference. Beegle who died several months ago.

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THEMI-nIONARY

EVIEW1fe VOL. MAY, 1925 NUMBER XLVIII FIVE HAS THE AIM Oli' .MISSIONS CHANGF~D~ "

G OD had but one Son and He was a missionary, sent by God into the world to save men from sin and secure for them eternal life. That was the aim of Carey, Marshman and Ward, the founders of modern Foreign Missions. That was the aim of Alexander Duff, the founder of Educational .Missions in India. That was the aim of David Livingstone in living and dying for Africa. That was the aim of Hudson Taylor in founding the China Inland Mission, and that was the aim of Adoniram Judson in giving his life for the redemptiQn or regeneration of Burma. Since Christ commissioned His disciples to go into all the world to preach the Gospel and baptize believers, the regeneration of men has been the one great aim of all mission work. Has that aim changed ~ .

Professor Gerald Birney Smith of Chicago University is reported to have said in an article in Biblical World of November, 1919, "Gradually we have come to see that it is religiously desirable that the Christianizing of non-Christian peoples shall mean the strengthening and purification of the best religious and moral traits of their native faith, rather than its complete eradication." Again this same professor says, "Today the missionary enterprise is being shifted from a program of rescuing a few souls from eternal disaster to the ideal of a long campaign of education and social reconstruction in the non-Christian nations. Increased emphasis is being placed on the social and political future of the non-Christian peoples on this earth." Think of that coming from a professor in a Christian college!

But is it true~ Those who have seen missionaries at work in India, China, Japan, Africa, and elsewhere, have seen no sign~ of their changed attitude or aim in mission work. Missionaries have not been unmindful of social and civic betterment; they have planted ,., From an editorial in The Baptist Missionary Review of lndia.

341

and carried on schools and colleges, hospitals and industrial institutions. But all these have been supplementary to the one great aim of preaching the Gospel of faith in Christ as the only means of regeneration and the only way of securing salvation and eternal life. Perhaps some teachers in the homo land regard this as foolishness. Others in Paul's day said this, but Paul said, "It pleased God by the foolishness of preaching to save them that believe." That was God's aim and method in Paul's day and it is the same today: "Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today and for ever," and His method of saving men has not changed.

INFLUENCE OF IMMIGRANTS ON AMERICAN LIFE M ILLIONS of people from other lands have come to America in search for political, economic, social and religious liberty, and for an opportunity to educate families in healthful surroundings. Most of these immigrants have come from countries with far differ",nt ideals and customs; the vast majority of them are poor and uneducated from the American standpoint. Laws have been passed to keep out criminals, the diseased and dependent paupers, but no law has been devised for sifting out the indolent, the moral weaklings, or those with distorted social and political ideas.

What has been, and what is to be, the influence of these immigrants on American ideals, institutions and standards of life~ In former years when the majority of these foreign-born came from northern and easterIl Europe, the problem was less acute. Poverty did not hinder progress but stimulated industry; strength of character and high purpose prevailed, rather than a desire to get money and power by hook or crook. This COUIltry will ever be indebted to such men as .heob Riis, the Schiff and Straus families, Edward A. Steiner, Edward Bok, Michael Pupin and a countless host of others who arrived on these shores poor but honest, and who have helped to make America what she is today. Of recent years, however, the desire for mom.y-getting seems to have prevailed, and many ·foreigners have come, not to contribute their best or to obtain the best that America has to offer, but have sought to introduce many undesirable and harmful customs oppoSE'd to the standards and ideals that dominated the founders of this republic. These newcomers found a Christian Sabbath and are endeavoring to substitute a European holiday, commercialized so as to be a hindrance to rest and worship. They found strict laws guarding the sanctity of marriage and the home, and those without these ideals ate endeavoring to inake matrimony a temporary contract and the home merely a hotel. They found Ohristian ideals.in education, with respect for the Bible and its teachings; many are endeavoring to make Mllcation a means only for getting wealth without any reference to character.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

They found a free constitutional government based on an educated popularsuffrage; they are making public office a contemptuous byword because of the prevalence of corruption and self-seeking. They found the Christian religion established, though not as a state institution; they are endeavoring to substitute atheism, agnosticism, materialism or communism in its stead. The fault do'es not lie with the multitudes of uneducated but honest immigrants, but with those -both of native and foreign birth-whose quick wits, unenlightened antecedents and selfish instincts give them leadership without moral character and high ideals.

What will the immigrants do to America if America does not bring them into sympathy with enlightened Christian standardR of character and conducU These immigrants are multiplying faster than the native-born stock. They are, as a rule, more eager for education and power, and are more willing to endure hardship for the present in order that they may gain their ends. They prefer to make their own laws or to enjoy license rather than to submit to those that have made America great and free.

This is,' no doubt, the fault of Americans. Many of the immigrants have come asking bread and have been given a stone. 'rhey have looked for a paradise in the "promised land" and have found crowded slums and sweat shops with starvation wages. They have not been patiently trained in American institutions, laws, and ideals so as to prepare them for intelligent citizenship, with sympathy for our laws and customs and with friendly help in securing an education, obtaining suitable employment and establishing true homes.

Rev. Kenneth D. Miller, a Presbyterian minister who has had first-hand experience in work with and for the immigrant, says: "Even when contacts are made by immigrants with what are presumably the better elements in American life, th~ result is not always what one would wish. A number of boys of immigrant parentage were taken to a big college football game, in the hope that thus their interest in higher education might be stimulated. The experience will not be repeated. It may be possible for college graduates to explain why it is that so many college men feel that they cannot properly celebrate their return to the college town for a big game without getting drunk. But it is rather difficult to erase from the minds of unsophisticated immigrant boys the impression that this is 'college life' and such the standards of the privileged classes of America…. Many an immigrant father and mother tell in scandalized tones of the 'goings-on' of their young people who are but aping their American brothers and sisters of the colleges, universities and country clubs. "

'l'here is much difference of opinion as to the influence of the immigrant on American life. Many look upon him as the great peril, threatening the integrity of our national life, undermining our

national institutions, demoralizing our social order, responsible for the degeneracy of our racial stock. He is sometimes held responsible for unemployment, female and child labor, the introduction of machinery, unsafe coal mines, low standards among wage earners, strikes, industrial crises, congestion in great cities, pauperism, crime, insanity, race suicide, gambling, the Continental Sunday, parochial schools, atheism, political corruption, municipal misrule, radicalism, socialism, Bolshevism, and anarchy. Without doubt if all the facts were known and if prejudice was eliminated it would be found that these evils are not all due to the immigrant. They are due rather to selfish materialism wherever found.

The immigrant is doing a large part of America's work, bnilding our office buildings, constructing our tunnels and highways, making our automobiles, our clothes, our machinery, our steel, and mining our coal, our iron, our copper. Hundreds of farms which had been abandoned by Americans have been taken up and worked successfully by Poles, Slovaks and other immigrants. The rolling prairies of the central west and the southwest are cultivated by Germans, Scandinavians and Czechs. Hundreds of thriving immigrant banks and building and loan societies bear testimony to the healthy frugality of new citizens.

The influx of so many different races and nations makes for the development of the international mind in the American people. The injection of these wider interests and more catholic sympathies into the provincialism and narrowness of our isolated American life cannot but be of value.

The influence of immigrants on American life will he determilled by the influence of American life upon the immigrants. They generally arrive in a plastic, receptive frame of mind. They are expecting great things in the great land. If they are met with friendly and patient courtesy, with a desire to help them become established and to discover the best in American institutions, then they will hecome loyal citizens, ready to live and to die for their new country_ If they are met with suspicion, rude treatment and cruel exploitation, then they will jn turn hecome suspicious, rude, cruel and selfishly indifferent to the welfare of the nation. The best investment that the State and the Church can make jointly will be a school that offers to every immigrant an opportunity for training in loyal citizenship, in the development of character, in industrial efficiency and in Christian ideals.

A YOUTH MOVEMENT IN KOREA T HE young men and young women of Korea were first awakened by the Gospel of Christ. Then came Japan and took away their independence. This aroused their patriotism and helped to stimulate their ambition to know more so that they could take their

EDITORIAL COMMENT 34

place in the nation and the world. William E. Shaw writes as fol- lows in the Korea Mission Field: This movement of the youth of Korea can be directed Christ- ward if those in places of leadership will be big enough to lay aside every weight of barren tradition and blighting prejudice.

A conference was held last summer at Chai Ha Dong-"the place of many colored mists' '—-among the hills just outside of Songdo. Thither young men came to find God, to talk with Him, to walk with Him and to commune with Him, to face, in the spirit of Christ, the big issues of this new day.

They met to discuss such questions as the following; What about the authority of the Bible–is it gone or going, or has it greater power and effectiveness than ever before? Shall we believe modern science as taught in our schools or shall we believe the Bible-or can we accept both of them, modern science at least tentatively1 Have we the right to rebel against what seems wrong to us? What about our old customs-shan we shelve them~ And the new ones coming from foreign lands-shall we adopt them ~ Who shall choose our wives for us-our parents or ourselves f Can we honorably get out from under the yoke of marriage placed on us by others f Has love any place in marriage 1 In the face of an unbearable economic situation, what shall we do-adopt the materialistic attitude of the rest of the world or the spiritual viewpoint of J esus ~ With country gone, shall we practice the 8ermon on the Mount 1 Is not that a fairly large order for a six-day conference of young men averaging about twenty years of age?

These questions are real, vital, pressing in the lives of the youth of Korea. Frank discussion followed addresses by leaders who came fortified not only with a knowledge of their subjects but with a familiarity with the way of Jesus as well. The students came to find what Jesus had to say about the things which were bothering them, and they themselves helped. in the solution of the problems. by an evident sincere desire to be guided by the spirit of Jesus. He faced eternal problems and He reached eternal solutions.

Suppose that, without your conseut, you are married at the age of fourteen to a women five or six years your senior. You cut your classes-first-year high school, perhaps-to get the ceremony over with. At least you have a chance then to see what you drew. You are studious and ambitious, so you return to school, graduate, get the opportunity to go to America, go, graduate and return to your homeland to find that your wife and numerous progeny have eloped with another man. Now, in the mission school, there is a young lady graduating whom yon would have chosen as your help-mate if your old national customs had not wished another one on you. You have never loved the older woman. Certainly her elopement has not deepened your regard for her. What would you do? Nay, what

would Jesus do-which is infinitely more important even if only your own permanent peace of mind is concerned. What did the boys at the conference decide that a Ohristian should do~ Forget the older woman and marry the younger one if possible ~ Be it far from them! Divorce the woman who had run away and remain single ~ Perhaps an easy way out of an awkward situation. Divorce the woman and marry the college girH No! Mark well the student's answer! Go to the runaway wife and invite her back to share your home! Here is a man who will go the prophet Hosea one better, for Hosea probably did love Gomer in the first instance.

Face this situation with our Korean boys. You have no coun- try. Some one has slipped it out from under your pillow while you were asleep. You have no flag to wave nor national anthem to sing. Even your national history is slipping away into mythology. Ohrist says, "Love your enemies, do good to them t4at hate you, pray for them which despitefully use you and persecute you." Have you Ohristian grace enough to "play up and play the game" against odds lik~ thaU Have you learned to turn the other cheek?

Picture this. Your personal property is nil. Houses, lands, stocks and bonds, factories, mines, railroads-practically everything from pigs to post-holes belongs to the other fellow, and perhaps you cannot talk to him for he may not understand your language! Where are you going to put your trust-in Karl Marx's philosophy of economic determinism or in Jesus' philosophy of the Golden Rule ~ The temptation is to follow England and America and the rest of the world, and to get all you can and keep all you get. But even there you are up against a stone wall for there is nothing loose. even on one end. Even Gandhi's philosophy of non-cooperation would fail you in this situation, for your cooperation is not needed and your passive resistance is futile. Now what will you do-turn Bol- shevist and put your trust "in reeking tube and iron shard," or in . Him who proclaimed blessings upon the meek and promised them the earth, but who also commanded His followers to lay not up treasure upon earth but to leave all and follow Him 1 Hard problems these-harder and more real to a Korean boy than whether creation Was a matter of days or reons or whether God is a triumphant fact or a pious fiction-which really are not serious problems for the naturally religious Korean mind. It is real, prac- tical problems for which young Korea wants a solution, and those who attended this conference wanted Ohrist's solution.

Someone says that you cannot mix religion and politics. If that means anything in this present day it means that you cannot mix religion with reality, and that religion has nothing to do with practical affairs. You may believe that, but youth the world around is insisting that you can mix them and that you must mix them and that they will mix them-and that is the Youth Movement!

EDITORIAL COMMENT

The heart of the conference was, however, in the early morning hour when each day the students climbed the mountain-side alone, sat beside a tiny, whispering mid-summer mountain stream and met God face to face. That was what made the conference a thing long to be remembered, for it was those hours which put us into the spirit of the meeting and brought us to Ohrist's attitude in these vexing problems. God spoke to us in eternal certainties at those times: "I am the way, the truth and the life; if you regard iniquity in your heart the Lord will not hear; thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart; God has made all nations of one blood; anyone who does not possess the spirit of Ohrist does not belong to Him; thou art come to the kingdom for such a time as this! Quit you like men, be strong!"

RELIGIOUS CONTROL IN TURKEY W HILE the Caliphate (or office of the religious and civil head of Islam) has been abolished in Turkey and the Caliph has beel1 banished, Turkey is still avowedly a Moslem State. The Oonstitution recognizes Islam as the national religion. The office of Oaliph was abolished because of a suspicion that, being of the Imperial family, he might hatch reactionary plots in Oonstantinople. The Sta,te also coveted the properties and income of the Caliphate to help pay government expenses.

One evidence that rrurkey is a Moslem land with a Moslem government is that those who break the fast of Ramazan are liable to fine or imprisonment. Shops must be closed on Friday and there is an effort to compel such firms as the Anatolian Railroad, the Ottoman Bank, the Public Debt Commission, and even the Standard Oil Oompany, to dismiss all non-Moslem employees. All this is not so much religious zeal as an effort to stir up nationalistic fanaticism aud "patriotism. " The leaders in Angora are not thought to be deeply religious men; but they believe that these measures will insure the dominance of the Turks. Not only has the edict gone forth (with some exceptions) that none but Turkish signs shall be displayed by shops and firms; but a notice in the papers recently said that the police were to arrest any street-vendors who cry their wares in any other language than Turkish, even in Greek quarters. Will the next step be to compel all schools to use Turkish as the only medium of teaching'

An encouraging sign of a measure of freedom of the press is the criticism of officials and of official acts. A recent editorial by Hussein Djahid, in Tanin, speaks boldly against mixing religion with politics: One cannot but feel a certain revolt and disgust at the idea of making use of religion as a political instrument. . . . Let our officials adopt a clear and definite line of conduct; let them tell the whole country-what are their

principles and their convictions; have they constituted a secular state, and have they separated religious affairs from profane?' Are they in favor of liberalism and a new system, or are they acting under the influence of the theocratic ideas of the past T Do they wish to tyrannize over our opinions and beliefs, and demand here and now the. account that each one must give before God on the Judgment Day T If our leaders, while they talk loudly of the separation of religion from secular affairs, do not acknowledge any such liberty except for themselves, and if they begin to hand over to the law courts people who break the fast, each one will have the right to say to them, "Gentlemen, pray use your common sense!" . . . If the Government believes that it is charged with the task of compelling, through the police and the law courts, obedience to the provisions of the religious law, does it think that the p,rovisions of that law include nothing but this fast that comes but once a yearT Have they forgotten the prayers 1 Where is the obligation to charity' Where have they relegated the pilgrimage to the tomb of the Prophet? Why do they not deliver oyer to the law courts those who do not practice these Y Such comments in the public press of Turkey are sure to influence thinking Moslems. Either Turkey must be dominated by Mos- lem laws and customs or it must be a free state granting liberty of conscience and conduct so far as this is in harmony with justice, morality and loyalty to the country. In this connection it is encouraging to note that the Y. M. C. A.

in Constantinople is still permitted to ca.rry on its religious and social work. Mr. D. A. Davis, the secretary for Eastern Europe, says: " The membership of the Y. M. C. A. last March was 985, the highest in the history of the Association, an increase of 382 over the previous year. A Boys ' Work Department was organized in Stamboul, the old quarter of the city, and beginnings made in Pera. Thlrteen groups of boys under trained leaders are following regularly the Christian Citizenship Training Program. A Federation of Boys' Olubs of Oonstantinople has been organized. Distinctly religious activities are not forbidden. On the contrary there has been a steady increase in interest in this phase of our activities. Attendance at all religious meetings in Oonstantinople is of course entirely voluntary. Bible classes are held during the week, in addition to the thirteen Ohristian Citizenship Training Groups. Every Saturday night is held the Inter-religious Prayer Group, composed of about twenty-five representative young men who hold daily devotional meetings. The entire staff meets every month for Bible study and conference."

Mr. Davis adds: Personally I believe the present Turkish Government is making a desperate effort against unbelievable odds of ignorance, poverty, inexperience, tradition, and international cynicism, to establish a modern, respectable nation. Its leaders have expressed to us their consciousness of the inadequacy of existing organizations to meet the needs of Turkish young men and boys. They have asked for our cooperation. . . Given patient and wise leadership, a sympathetic understanding of the present fundamental tJ'ansfo·rmation of the Turkish Republic, and the prayerful, continued support of the Brotherhood in America, and the Association in Turkey is on the threshold of truly great developments.

SALE CHEAP-SUITABLE FOR A MISSION HOUSE IN LOOANG PRABANG

THE EASTERN LAOS Pioneering in Eastern Laos Land BY REV. HUGH TAYLOR, NAN STIATION, SIAM . Missionary of the Presbyterian Chureh, U. S.A.

O UR eyes have been fixed on the Trans-Khong region of North- ern Siam for many a long year. Dr. McGilvary made his first trip to Looang Prabang twenty-five years ago and subsequent trips confirmed the news of a people who listened with rapt attention to the Gospel message. During the next twenty years a veil was drawn over the region. Recently, however, interest has been aroused in the district around Nong Khai and, special means having been provided, the Mission voted that we should visit the district and, if possible, include Looang Prabang. Fourteen loads of Scriptures in the Eastern Laos characters were provided by the American Bible Society and three colporteurs were added to the 349

expedition. Yuan Scriptures and tracts were also taken from our stock in Nan 'and four evangelistic assistants went with us.

Last February we started out on the north road and about ten miles out came on a little village named Pah Sing (Lion-forest-town) in which lives a Christian family. The advent of our troupe, numerous enough to fill all hotel accommodations, the churches and schoolhouse, made some stir but none seemed interested in our message. After dark a traders' caravan arrived from the north and some of our men went to sleep in the homes to make room for the new comers in the temple. We held a 'service with them and when we closed our eyes later it was with a prayer for those who had just heard the Gospel for the first time. Our dreams came true beyond all our expectations.

The next ten days were spent in passing over old ground and visiting Christians, holding Communion services and administering adult and infant baptisms, marriage ceremonies, reprovings, rebukings and exhortings at the various stops. From Muang Pawn we turned to. the right and that night made our evening's camp in a delightful spot on the Nan River. In the quietness of the woods we held a conference of the workers on what methods we should use in the new country. Some boldly advocated tearing down their old house (the Buddhist faith) so that they would come to live with us in our mansion (the Christian faith). After much discussion it was unanimously decided that we shou1d show the people our Mansion, its beauty, comfort and safety, and give them a cordial invitation to come and make their home with us. We determined to know nothing among them, save Jesus Christ and Him crucified.

Early the next afternoon we arrived at the first village in Muang Ngune and lodged in one of the temples. It proved not a good place for work as it was one side of a center of population and was an opium and gambling den. The priests certainly need to be converted but we failed to make any perceptible impression on them. We called on the Paw Muang (chief district officer) and found him surrounded by the headmen of the villages of the district who stopped their business and listened to the Gospel. We received pressing in~ vitations to visit all the neighboring towns and the two days spent at this point developed an interest equal to any we had ever experienced. These were still Yuan Tai, the very same family of people among whom we have been working for three decades.

At Muang Hong Sa we came upon the first of the Eastern Laos people and four days' work in the district revealed how eager a people could be to hear the" good news." Our copies of the Scriptures were already getting low and we had to divide the stock and limit the number allowed for each place.

At Ban Nyai we turned aside to see "The Burning Mountain" which has been burning for eighty to a hundred years. It has every

J PIONEERING IN EASTERN LAOS LAND

appearance of a burning coal bed and in the center of the burned area I found pieces of coal that had been recently laid bare by the floods. The whole area has settled down from ten to fifteen or more feet.

From Hong Sa the Nai Queng sent word to Tah Noon to secure . boats for our passage down the River Khong to Looang Prabang. On arrival at Tah Noon we found the Tahseng (headman) slowly bleeding to death from an axe wound on the leg, which was bound up with some sort of rotten stuff. When we stopped the flow of blood by a turnspit a sigh of gratitude went up from the crowd who watched with interest the careful cleaning out of the wound. When the bandage was being applied there was amazement beyond bounds at the length of that piece of cloth! Willing arms carried the old man to his bed and piled the pillows high under his foot.

The old man called on me before I was out of bed the next morning and nothing could keep him from personally looking after the construction of our boat-raft for the down river trip. Two boats were lashed together, reenforced by fifty long bamboo poles, over which was laid a platform which held a horse stable, tent, and our whole outfit, with forty men. The boat crew Were carefully selected men who spent their off duty hours in receiving intensive instruction in the Bible.

We spent Sunday at Ban Keng Kham, a small town surrounded by mountains at one of the Khong crossings. Saturday evening at sundown the assembling of the village women around the temple compound attracted us and held us spellbound by a sort of chant in which the clear bell tones of their voices echoed and reechoed marvellously between the mountains on either side of the river.

Ai Sang, a Kamoo Christian whom we had brought as one of our carriers, found some of his relatives who had come down from their mountain eyries on a trading expedition and we helped him preach the Gospel to them. He also found some Laos friends to whom he told the story of the Cross and one woman confessed faith on first hearing. She asked to be taught how to live as a Christian and Ai Sang brought her and a grown son to me for instruction. The woman said that she and her two sons believed and wanted me to tell them definitely what to do and what not to do to be followers of Jesus. She said that they had been seeking for something they did not know what ever since their father died; and now the search was ended for the Saviour was found and of course they all three believed. Only a half hour with such an one to point the way of light and life eternal and we pass on with the hope that in a year we may be back again to baptize those who have proved faithful. We left with them a copy of the Gospels according to Matthew and Luke and the Holy Spirit of God as their teacher. OUf hope of returning to them in a year is conditioned somewhat on Nan Station

receiving the needed reenforcements in the educational work to train up boys as leaders in the Lord's hosts.

Looang Prabang is located on the south side of the great curve of the Maa Khong river as it sweeps to the south. At the city the Khan river coming from the southeast with the Khong forms a penin- sula which is occupied by the city in the midst of which arises a high conical hill, the top of which is decked by the spire of a Buddhist temple. The Laos populatiou is up those rivers and hill tribes cover the intervening mountain spaces.

By the delay in starting from Nan we reached Looang Prabang just when the representatives from the whole province were center- ing in the city. We did not advertise our work and yet when I returned from an early morning walk about the city on our first day there, I found the assistants busy preaching to visitors. For seven days, sixteen hours a day, the walls of that sala echoed the voices of the spoken word presenting the Living God and His written Word.

Our supply of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke in the Eastern Laos t.ongue was limited, but our visitors took copies into almost every district of that province. From six days' journey distant they came for gospels to take home with them to study and teach to their neigh- bors. After two or three days requests became more and more definite.

"I beg for a copy of the Gospel according to Matthew."

"Please show me the three chapters of .J esus' words."

"I wish to store them in my heart."

"Please mark the Lord's Prayer. I want to learn to pray that prayer and teach all my people to pray it."

"Where is the promise of the Holy Spirit~"

""Where is the story of the cross1"

"Where is the great commission1"

I did not know a letter of t.he Eastern Laos alphabet when I entered the territory but work forced me to study it out so that 1 might read easily. In all my experience as a missionary I have never told the story of the Cross to those who listened with such intense interest. Young and old, men and women came to hear about Jesus Christ and announced the object of their visit without parley.

Then they returned bringing friends.

Some priests were among the first to come and they did not miss a day, hearing the Old, Old Story over again. At times they stayed after other inquirers had left so that they might ask questions that showed heart interest. We would consider it an inestimable privi- lege to repeat the trip this next touring season, but more than that should be done. A mission station should be opened there at once; Opportunity is ripe. "

When I hunted up a Chinese merchant to see if I could get some cash, I met a man whom I had seen at Tah Sao, the railway station

PIONEERING IN EASTER,N LAOS LAND

where Nan freight is transferred to boats. Almost his first greeting was an inquiry as to whether I had come to open up a new mission station. He said that the man with whom he was visiting had suitable property for sale which we could get cheap." It would seem that the situation was just created for us to go in and take possession at the very least expenditure of men and money.

Ai Sang the Kamoo and his party caught up with us at the city according to appointment. His people received him as risen from the dead, for they believed the report that had drifted back to them from the valley world that the India man with whom he had run away had butchered and eaten him. They received the gospel message with gladness for they hate their evii spirits.

On leaving Looang Prabang for the south we left Ai Sang behind to go back to his people and teach them. Four months later, having completed the tour to Nong Khai, I was working at my desk late of a Saturday afternoon, when Ai Sang came back to Nan leading six of his people. His report is to the point. All of his people began to study under him, but they asked so many questions he could not AI SANG-ONE OF OUR EVANGELISTS answer, that he determined to come down and get a couple of the evangelistic helpers to go back and teach. We have no one to send. We crippled ourselves in letting Kroo Muang and family go to the help of Chieng Rung. Nai Boon Tah and Noi China are in Chiengmai for six months' Bible study and noneo! the other teachers are physically able for the trip.

Another clan near the Kamoos have sent word that they would pay the salary and give the man two buffaloes who would come and teach them how to get rid of their evil spirits. A hundred miles north of Looang Prabang are ninety Kamoo Christians who have not been visited by a missionary for twenty years. Reports reach ,. The first story of the majn butlding 1s in OIl e rooIll; the second Ooor is divided Into three large l1vlng rooms , and there 1S a fire·proof kitch en and storeroom, with servants' Quarters. a smaH ga rd en , and a building that could be fi t t ed up f.or a small hospital. The wbole plant can be bought for six thousand dollars (somewher e near half its cost). Another thousand dollars would fit up th e am nll er bunding either tor th e hospital or a. r esidence. Two small families could go right in and s e ttie down to work at onCG, a nd the large room in the main buildin g could be used fo r an a s sembly and Bible classroom. See p ag r. 3 49 for pi cture of property fo r sal e.

2

us that they are still holdiug together. Scores of Kamoo clans are scattered throughout the mountain regions that surround Looang Prabang and We should by all means occupy this open field.

It took us nineteen days from Looang Prabang to Nong Khai and almost every place visited gave the same eager response to the preached and printed Word of God. VIfe had with us a gramophone that spoke their own language and they were delighted with it. As soon as we announced that the entertainment program was ended and we wished to tell them something that would be for their eternal welfare, immediately the children would be crowded out of their places in the front by the older people, who gave their undivided attention as long as I was able to speak. Exhausted, I have gone to my cot in a temple compound and have been lulled to sleep by a hundred voices trying to repeat to each other the wonders that they had just heard-sin, God's love, redeeming Grace, and eternal glory.

It was an inestimable privilege, for two whole months to preach the Gospel to a people eager to hear. Have we done enough for the thre~ hundred and fifty thousand of the Looang Prabang district ~ PRESBYTERIAN MISSIONARIES AND THE MAP 01' 1'HEJR FIELD-SrAM Dr. Claude W. MaRon; Mr:' . Dodd and Dr. W. C. Dodd (Doceaded)

A CHRISTIAN CH UR C H AT DJOKJA

Java and the Dutch East Indies BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., F.R.G.S. Editor of The Mo.-1 0m World EDWARD BOK recently wrote an article under the title, "Well, I Didn't Know That," in which he revealed prevailing igno- rance concerning the great Dutch island empire in the tropics. During the war days a British captain in charge of a cruiser in the Red Sea challenged a Dutch liner, calling out through his speaking trumpet: "From whence and where." The Dutch captain, of Falstaffiall proportions as well as sense of humor, replied, "From the tight little island of Java, bound for Amsterdam. " When the British captain replied, " 'Where under the sun is Java ~ " the Dutchman (who knew hotel life in New York), called back, "Boy, page Java."

These Dutch possessions in the East Indies comprise an immense island empire, 683,000 square miles in area, with a population of 49,161,000. As the population of Java alone exceeds 35,000,000, it is the most important of the entire group of islands and forms a mission field by itself. The island lies five degrees south of the equator, and has a tropical climate with a mean an11ual temperature of about 78 degrees. The coldest month is January, and the hottest, 355

SIGOMPULAM PEARADJA-A DUTCH HATTAK MISSION SCHOOL October. The wettest station in Java has an annual rainfall of 327 inches, while the driest has thirty-five inches. Bahrein, Arabia, has annually, only two and one half inches of rainfall. The mountain system in Java affords variety of climate and wonderful beauty of scenery, with tropical verdure to the summit and great rice fields stretching to the shore. Java has 125 volcanoes, fourteen of which are active.

The vast population is divided by race and language into three groups: Javanese, who number about two thirds of the total; Sundanese, one sixth, and Madurese, who number 5,000,000, or about one tenth chiefly on the Island of Madura.

The agricultural and mineral wealth of Java is proverbial. The rice harvest alone amounts in a single year to 6,000,000 tons. In addition, they produce coffee, tea, spices, quinine, tobacco, sugar, cotton and indigo. One third of the rubber of the world is now produced in the Dutch East Indies, and seven eighths of the quinine. Among the most important minerals is petroleum, but coal, copper, tin, silver, gold are also found.

The whole island of Java is knit together by admirable roads and railways. There are over 3,500 miles of first-class roads and 11,000 second- and third-class, which are far superior to the average road in America. Eighteen hundred miles of railway and 1,300 miles of steam trams unite East and West Java, not to speak of 15,000 miles of telegraph lines and telephone system. The leading cities are Batavia (250,000), which is the center of government; Soerabaya (160,000), and Semarang.

The Dutch first entered the East Indies in 1598. In 1602 the Dutch East India Company was established, and in 1619 Batavia was founded. In 1811 Java was captured by the British and remained in their power until 1816 when by treaty East India was restored to the Dutch. After a number of wars with the Javanese, gradually a

J AVA AND THE DUTCH EAST INDIES

system of over-lordship was established which lasted from 1830 until 1860. Then a famous novel by Dacker, entitled, "Max Havelaar" fell like a bomb in the Netherlands and compelled a readjustment of the whole system of government, having much the same effect as the publication of "Uncle Tom's Cabin" in America. The charges in the book were never refuted but abuses were gradually diminished and finally the whole system of exploitation was abandoned. A recent writer states: Though "Max Havelaar" was presented in the form of fiction, its incidents were founded on facts, and it formed a severe indictment of the policy pursued for two and a half centuries by the Dutch in the management of their East Indian possessions. It proved to the satisfaction at any rate of a large section of the Dutch nation, that the Home Government, whilst ordering humanitarian rule on paper, in reality connived at slavery. Theoretically the Javanese peasant was a free man; in practice he was a chattel. The Dutch had found ready to hand in the East what they did not find in the West Indies, in America, or in the Cape of Good Hope, a huge laboring population, or rather, a huge population that could be forced to labor. This being so, there was no necessity for them to found real colonies; and the Dutch East Indies, according to Decker, were not colonies in the true sense of the word, but mere money-making concerns.

At present free labor is universal, and the Dutch policy is that of benevolent paternalism without any cause for oppression. The French traveler, Cabaton, whose book is perhaps the best we have MISSlON CHURCH AT MAOMPANG JAVA COMITE-HAS 140 MOSLEM CONVERTS AS MEMBERS

(In Java, speaks very highly of the Dutch colonial system. A more recent book by Torchiana, entitled" Tropical Holland," gives an account of present-day conditions which compare favorably with the ~olonies of 1<'rance and Britain.

In Java we may study comparative religion on a large scale, and may trace the layers of the different religious conquests in the language, the art, the civilization, and the public religious acts of the people. The soil was animistic. Very early, about the first century of the Christian era, however, Hindu and Buddhist influences were established. All the remains of Javanese architecture, their national theater and their weird music, can be traced to Hindu and Buddhist influence.

The political power of Hinduism held till the middle of the fifteenth century. The island of Bali, still wholly Buddhist, is a great unoccupied mission field. Nineteen twentieths of the population of the East Indian Islands is Mohammedan, and although Islam here may seem superficial when compared with North Africa, it is thoroughly established and has all the vital elements of the older Islam. Yet the Javanese are very proud of the period of Hindu- Buddhist culture which is considered the golden age of their civilization, when Europe was still in medieval darkness.

Islam began its cunquest, under Sheikh Abdullah Arif and J ehan Shah; it did not continue to develop culture but deadened its vitality. Art and architecture declincd as did manners and morals. In 1507 the King of Atjeh, in Northern Sumatra, embraced the Moslem faith, while Ibn Batuta makes mention of a Moslem ruler in Sumatra as early as 1345. A certain Arab named Rahmat, who 8tylcd himsclf an apostle, began to preach and win converts, and built the first mosque in Java. After the conversion of the chief, .Raden Ratah, proselytes became more numerous, force was used to extend the Moslem state, the capital fell into their hands and Islam was practically triumphant in 1478 A. D. Nine apostles or missionaries were sent out to convert the remainder of the people.

Before the end of that century the King of Ternate, in the Moluccas was converted, "and Islam was spread in the Spice Islands by Javanese traders who came there for the douhle purpose of procuring cloves and imparting Islam." Arnold, quoting from a German writer, tells how these merchant missionaries carried on their propaganda in a way that won the whole Malay Archipelago. "The better to introduce their religion into the country," he says, "the Mohammedans adopted the language and many· of the customs of the natives, married their women, purchased slaves, in order to increase their personal importance, and succeeded finally in incorporating themselves among the chiefs who held the foremost rank in the state." In 1803 Some Sumatra pilgrims, who had become followers of the Vahabi movement in Arabia, returned from Mecca to

TAVA AND THE DUTCH EAST INDIES

proclaim a holy war against all infidels, first the heathen Battak tribes and afterwards the Dutch rulers. A seventeen-year war fol- lowed; but the propaganda did not cease even when the Dutch Gov- ernment took the last stronghold of the zealots. Today Java is one of the vital centers in the world of Islam as is indicated by the num- ber of pilgrims from the Dutch East Indies to Mecca, shown by government returns: Moslem year Christwn year Dutck E. Ind. Total Pilgrims Pilgrims at Mecca 1329 1911-12 24,025 83,749 1330 11912-13 18,353 83,295 1331 1913-14 26,321 96,924 1332 1914-15 28,427 56,855 1333 19,15 pilgrimage stopped 1334 1916 pilgrimage stopped 1335 1917 72 8,585 1336 1918 48 7,020 1337 1919 1,093 22,131 1338 1920 14,786 59,370 1339 1921 28,878 60,786 Elementary education, established in 1848, is now carried on by government schools and private schools. Compared with the Philippines the educational program in the Dutch East Indies is very backward in its extent, although modern in its content and Dutch in its thoroughness. Illiteracy still prevails among 95 per cent of the population and less than 900,000 pupils are provided with instruction, the amount spent for education annually being less than 80,000 pounds sterling.

More than one hundred Moslem newspapers are published in the Dutch East Indies. The titles of some of these are significant: "Light of Sumatra," "Young Java," "Young Sumatra," "Light of India," "Light of Minahassa," "Light of Islam," "The Revival of Islam," "Agreement and Disagreement" (the first in the list of Moslem religious papers), "The Arena of Islam," etc. Their variety and number, in the present time of depression and general crisis in the newspaper world, surely are proof that Islam is awake.

Some of the papers are frankly reactionary, and advocate a return to the old Islam, but the majority are progressive and desire reform, educational and ethical. The contents of a single number of the" Tjahaja-Islam" are typical. This paper is a diglot in Malay- Javanese. The advertisements, with one exception, relate to Moslem schools, book-sellers and eating-houses. In the issue for November 5, 1921, after an editorial (which closes with a threefold Amen), the leading article is on Islam and Democracy. Then follow an appeal for money to open a new Moslem school, a poem calling for the better observance of the five prayer periods, a proposal to unify the Moslem press, and a reply by the editor, who says that three small papers reach a larger circle than one large one! The Javanese

DINING ROOM OF THE CHRISTIAN TRAINING SCHOOL. SOLO, JAVA section hilS similar matter and in addition a Koran exposition with references to Thomas Carlyle.

According to the last census there were 11,942 schools with a total of 846,326 pupils, not counting the higher training institutions for engineering, commerce, medicine and law. At the meeting of the Zendings Bond at Djokja in August last, where missionaries of all Java were in council, it was estimated that the total of literates for Java was as follows: One million who read Malay, one and onehalf million who read .Javanese, 400,000 Sundanese readers, and 200,000 Madurese readers. The Roman character is slowly (some say rapidly) displacing the Arabic character in Malay (even in .Javanese). Dutch is becoming more known among all educated Javanese.

The Nederlandsch Zendeling Genootschap, the earliest of the Christian missionary societies, was founded in 1797. In 1858, because 'of the wave of rationalism which swept through Holland, many of the evangelical party seceded and organized other societies, each with its own doctrinal basis, Today sixteen societies work on the island of Java and have 456 missionaries in the Dutch East Indies. The methods followed are practically the same as in other mission fields with the exception of the establishment of Christian villages by the development of land and virgin forest under grant of the Dutch Government. By this method the Dutch missionaries were able to protect their converts and give them educational advantages in a center of social and spiritual life. The resttlt -is that there are now 37,526 converts from Islam in Java, and 8.000 in the other islands' making a grand total of 45,5:26. ,Ve bow before the grace of God who has given life to the seed and a harvest to the faithful sowers in these isles that waited so long for His Law.

JAVA AND THE DUTCH EAST INDIES

Dr. B. J. Esser in his book, "God's Guiding Hand in Missions" (Dutch edition) mentions the following cooperating factors in missions in Java.

1. The Javanese people who number one half of the total population of the Dutch East Indies have one language and one civilization.

2. Every part of the field is accessible by rail and roadway. 3. The hospitable, docile and polite character of the people guarantee the safety of person and property; especially the educated Javanese who are the leaders and accessible through the press and through the Dutch language. 4. All medical work has the guarantee of a liberal subsidy on the part of the Government. This is also the case for all schools where the Dutch language is taught. 5. The Javanese Bible translation is excellent and cheap. 6. The beginnings of educational literature by the Government and the missions as well as distinctly Christian literature offer many advantages. 7. There is an educational and social revival manifesting itself in the organization of Societies Boedi-Oetomo, Sarakat-Islam, etc. 8. The Christian congregations which exist are centers of evangelism.

Missions in Java are remarkable; (1) In the large results secured among an almost wholly Moslem population, and these results were secured not by superficial methods, but by the most thorough requirements for baptism. (2) In the preparation of Christian literature, including Bible translations, where the psychology of the people was taken into consideration, as perhaps on no other field. The Javanese mind was thoroughly understood in presenting the message, and therefore received acceptance. (3) In spite of the many societies engaged in the work in one single field, the laws of comity have been strictly observed, and there is an increasing spirit of cooperation between the missions, especially in the production and distribution of Christian literature.

STATISTICS OF MISSIONS IN DUTCH EAST INDIES IN 1922 Name of 8om.ety Entran('e Field Converts Nederlandsch Zendeling Genootschap 1797 .Tava East and Celebes 25,310 Nederlandsch Zendings Vereeniging 1858 Java West 3,386 Utrechteche Zendings Vereeniging 1859 New Gninea, etc. 18,157 1Gereform.eerde Zendings Vereeniging } 1858 Middle Java 3,718 Zending del' Geref. Kerken 1892 Middle Java Gereform.eerde Zendings Bond 1910 Celebes The Rhenish Mission 1828 Sumatra, Nias 337,213 Sangi Talaud Committee 1887 Sangi Islands 88,351 Doopszezinde Zending 1847 North Java 3,000 Het Java Comits 1854 Sumatra, East Java 3,677 De Salatiga Zending 1882 Central Java 1,927 The Lntheran Mission 1852 Batao Islands 1,000 The Salvation Army 1894 Bandoeng, Java, Oelebes Ned. Bijb<JI Genootscha.p 1814 Whole field British and For. Bible Society 1804 Whole field Meth. Episcopal Mission 1905 Bintenzorg and Soerabia, Java 1,281) Seventh Day Adventist 1908 Java and Borneo 400 Roman Catholic Mission 1808 Java, Sumatra & New Guinea 38,530 Native missions of the Dutch East Jndia churches, church members 425,958 Native missions in Minahassa, Ambon and Timor, (Est.) church members 500,000 Total native Protestant Christians in the Dutch East Indies 925,958

One Hundred

BY MRS. EMMA DRESSEL SMITH, TA-MING·FU, CHIIf.LI, NORTH CHINA Missionary of the Church of the Nazarene H SI HSIAO CHUANG is fifteen miles out from Ta-ming-fu. Evangelist Liang passed through there about a year ago and stopped to preach on the street. After that the people had meetings whenever possible, and a few months ago 111'. Liang moved there. About twenty people were converted and a boy's school was opened. A young man from the village volunteered his services as a teacher, and took charge of the school without remuneration.

We started out from Ta-ming-fu early one morning-ten women from the Bible School in a wagon drawn by a cow, a mule and a donkey. Mr. Smith rode on a motorcycle, and ]1.[1'. Trumbower and I in rickshas. When we arrived at the; village at about noon we found quite a crowd Was waiting. It seemed good after passing through olie heathen village after another to hear Christian people singing, "What can wash away my sins, nothing bnt the blood of J esns." Then we heard the Christian greeting of "Peace to you." After luncheon we went to the temple where the men had a meeting at the north entrance and the women at the east door. While the Bible women were speaking I heard a great commotion inside the temple and went inside to discover the cause. 'What a sight met my eyes! The idols were falling right and left. The teacher with his boys and the other Christians were busy pulling them down and carrying them out. The idols, made of mud and wood, had been painted many bright colors and varied in size from that of a doll to a full-grown man. The large ones required as many as five persons to carry them out. 11rs. Han, one of the Bihle women, said that forty years ago her father had taken her to a theater in this village and now she rejoiced to see all these idols destroyed and this temple turned over for Christian worship.

There were over one hundred idols in five buildings, one of which had only women gods; three goddesses, a dragon, and about twenty small gods were supposed to wait on them. In another building was the god that people worship when someone dies and which they believed takes care of the spirits of the deceased. The school boys laughed as they smashed the idols, beat the gongs, and broke up incense pots. The Chinese Christians said that it was remarkable to see the fearlessness of the boys, especially when we consider that they had been brought up in dread of these idols.

Our Bible women, when they l'etul'ned homc, werc so excited that they all talked at once and told how the true God had changed those people's hearts, and given them snch courage.

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Prayer for

REV. ROBERT FORMAN HOR.TON, D.D., LONDON, ENGLAl'.'1) I NTERCEsSION is the most difficult part of prayer but it brings the greatest blessing to those who practise it. It is the mightiest instrument that God has intrusted to us for the accomplishment of His will in the world. It is thp hardest, because intercession is prayer not for ourselves, but for others, and because the objects are not physical but spiritual. It is only as self is lost sight of that the secret of effective intercession is realized. In it we are comrades with Jesus Christ of whom we are told in the prophetic word, that He made intercession for the transgressors. In the 17th chapter of John we are permitted to overhear His intercession, and on the cross He interceded for those who slew Him and now "He ever liveth to make intercession for us."

The Holy Spirit helpeth our infirmities and maketh intercession for us, so that when we intercede for others we are in fellowship with God. Intercession therefore brings the greatest blessing to those who practise it. The word i.n the Greek and in the Hebrew means meeting, coming inio dose contact, with Goel.

Intercession is the greatest and most powerful instrument that G0d has put into our hands. The whole trend of modern discovery aHd of modern thought has been to make more credible for us the power of prayer. Today we bind the whole earth together, and speak across the continents and across the oceans. The earth is like a single room in which humanity is enclosed and united. We easily, and in a moment, touch the mind of a man on the other side of the globe. Today we understand better that the individual soul is not only the force than can change and adapt, but is also the force that can create. We recognize that if we will reckon with the forces of the universe and with man and his history, we must see personality and the will as thp constant agent in this world. The exercise of the will in commnnion with God and the assertion of truth in prayer must be one of the mighty forces in making the world and in influencing its history.

We can see the meaning of prayer and can understand that it is a God-ordained method of service by which all things are made possible for the Kingdom of God. But we are not confined to theoretical arguments. Fact upon fact, experience upon experience, prove the positive effects of intercession.

Let me give a personal experience. In a little manual of devotion, called" The Open Secret," ten years ago I used the fly leaves at the end of each day's prayer for the names of those for whom I wished to pray, or the objects that I wished to remember constantly 363

before God. Now I never read the printed matter, but those writ- ten words are the most marvellous record and the most conclusive demonstration that God does answer prayer. Name after name, petition after petition, I have checked off as "answered." Noone could shake the convietion that that daily prayer to God concerning the persons whom I desired to help or those matters that need God's interposition, has produced the answer. The cause and the effect are there. Begin, if you have not, to keep a prayer list and to intercede with those names and objects before you. In ten years no power on earth can shake your conviction that the real thing in life is communion with God, and the one way of accomplishing diffi- cult and seemingly impossible things is to leave them and leave your- self. in His hands.

When D. L. Moody was a pastor in Chicago he was unusually successful and much of his success was traced to two godly women in that congregation who used to bow their heads and pray whenever he was preaching. He asked them once what they were praying for, and when. they replied that they were praying for him, he was a little annoyed, because he thought he was doing very well. But he let them continue and even asked them into the vestry to pray for him.

When they were praying there one day, his whole heart seemed to break down; he found the secret of his weakness and saw that he needed the prayer more than anyone. From that time, said Mr.

Moody, began the manifestations of God's power that shook Chicago, New York, London and the world. .

One other illustration, which could be multiplied a thousandfold from the mission field. In 1836-37 the two missionaries, the Murrays, went to Tutuila, in the South Seas. They worked with some suc- cess and several little churches were established on the island. Then all at once, throughout the island in each place where there was a church an extraordinary spiritual movement began. The people came in asking for baptism, and rose up in the assemblies confessing their sins, crying to God for pardon. As a result many were gath- ered into the church. At first these two missionaries thought this movement was some unwholesome disturbance for they could not account for it. But they saw it was God, who was moving the people and they gathered in the fruit. Many months afterward the news came from Scotland, that in Jedburgh, the town from which these two missionaries had come, the Christians had met together and were praying for Tutuila and the missionaries there on that very day that the movement had begun. The prayer that ascended in J ed- burgh for the coming of the Kingdom of God was answered at Tu- tuila on the other side of the world.

Let us pray more continually, ll1or~ definitely, more earnestly and more believingly, not only for our O'Wll needs but for the needs of the work of God throughout the world. .

S.tudents in

BY w. REGINALD WHE"ELER, NEW YORK NOTE :-A CommissIon organized under the auspices or the Friendly Relations Committees of the Young Men's Christian AssGciation and the Young Women's Christian Association has been making a study and survey of the foreign students in this country which bas extended over two and a half years. The results of this survey are available now, and the following article is based largely upon its findings. The survey wiII appear in book form under' the title "The Foreign Student in America." The book is edited by W. Reginald Wbeeler, Henry H. King and Alexander B. Davidson, and is published by The Association Press.

T HERE are more than eight thousand students from foreign countries in the colleges and universities of the United States. Including foreign students in secondary schools, the total is well over fourteen thousand. These students are men and women of exceptional courage and intelligence or they would not be in this country. After remaining in America for several years they return to their home lands where they have u~usual opportunities for in- fluence and leadership. They are" a potential asset or liability to the Christian cause and the movement for international understand- ing and good-will." In the impressions of these foreign students of American life, in their criticisms of our colleges and univetsities, in their attitude toward the Christian Church,.and in the efforts being made for the more adequate service of these representatives of many lands, there is special interest today.

The first experiences of foreign students in America are sometimes fraught with hardship and injustice. "An Egyptian student from an influential family, traveling second class, detained twentythree days at the immigrant station pending investigation of his case, became ill and was much embittered toward American institutions." "Two Hindu students came to the offices of the Friendly Relations Committee and reported they had just paid a taxicab driver thirty dollars to bring them from the steamship there." But in fairness it should be said that the treatment given to students entering this country by the immigrant officials and by others in responsible positions is generally cordial and just.

There is much evidence as to the loneliness of foreign students after they have taken up residence in our country and of the incalculable results which have come from the thoughtfulness and hospitality of Americans who have invited students into their own homes. "Some students have been here five to six years without having received the hospitality of a family circle." When students are asked, what is the best single privilege they can enjoy in America, aside from the attendance at a college of their choice, the commonest reply is, the privilege of being in good homes.

An Indian student writes: "Oh, if I could only drop in occasionally at some friend's house and have a cup of tea, as we do in India, it would make all the difference in the world."

365

A Chinese student writes back to a missionary friend in North China: "The people here, as a whole, have a strong sentiment against Chinese, so it is rather hard for a young Chink to make acquaintances in refined society. .. I don't feel at home at all. .. The hearty welcome I get from Church people makes me feel the more that I am among strangers; they gTeet me so much more warmly than they greet each other, it makes me feel that I am different. I have written the following prayer for myself – ' Almighty God, our Heavenly Father, Thou hast made the earth and the peoples thereon, white, yellow, red or black, at Thy will and they are all good in Thy sight. I beseech Thee to comfort me when I feel like a stranger here; help me to endure persecutions and scorns; give me wisdom that I may understand that peoples of whatever complexion are all Thy children and Thou art their Father and Creator.' "

Although the majority of foreign students who have studied in America return with warm feelings of friendship and affection for this country, there are many, especially non-Christians, who see clearly some of our national failings. "The principal stumbling blocks in 'the pathway of Oriental non-Christian students are industrialism, imperialistic commercial expansion, war-like temperament, racial haughtiness, misunderstood missionary policy." "It is inconceivable that W estem civilization can at the same time develop great industrial corporations and write the twenty-third Psalm or the thirteenth chapter of First Corinthians."

The comments of foreign students throw a new light on the colleges and under-graduate life in this country. A European student contrasts the American and I<~nglish educational objectives and curricula: "The student not only gets something different, but he expects something different. In England you go to the university to develop Y01lffsel/, while in America you go to the university to distingu.ish yourself. There you have a whole world of difference. In America a boy is always endeavoring to attain some outward sign of achievement, to make the college paper, to make one of the clubs or fraternities, to make the football team. The center of gTavity is in the world of action far mort' than in the world of thought.

" You get the same tendency echoed in the academic sphere. I was struck by the excellence, the vigor and the competence with which affairs relating to the world of action are handled. I found that everyone could use a typewriter and drive an automobile. I found that drives for money were made on a vast scale and with a success undreamed of in England. 1 found that the applied sciences, such as medicine and engineering and agriculture, and the vocational studies, such as law, are at their best taught (and learned) far better than anywhere in England. But when it came to what one may call by contrast the world of thought, qnite the opposite was the case. Pure science and the purely cultural suhjects, such as classics and litera-

FORElG'" STUDENTS IN AMERICA

ture and art, are absolutely inferior in most cases and unusually neglected. The situation in regard to them is either tragic or comic. Accordingly, although one meets students who obviously show promise of becoming great engineers, great doctors, captains of industry and so forth, one rarely, if'ever, meets a student who seems destined to become a Darwin, a Beethoven, a Shelley."

Another foreign student comments thus in regard to the social system of many of our colleges: "This whole system of fraternities and sororities is one reason among others for the remarkable uniformity of the American students; east, west, south and north, you meet with practically the same type. They dress alike, they do the same things at the same times, they think and speak in the same terms and have practically all the same interests.

"The standard seems to be uniformity. Everyone who is different is crazy, perhaps a book-worm or the like, and only those students are chosen to membership 'who are believed to be able to become good fraternity brothers or sorority sisters, and that, of course, means that they will have to measure up to what is considered to be good form. Under a system like that you may be sure seldom to get a new member of a distinct personality."

The direct judgments and opinions of the individual students concerning the Christian Church and Christian people in America, as expressed in the returned questionnaires, are of interest and importance. It is fair to say that the majority of the comments are favorable to the Church although there is a distinct minority of critical opinion. Thus of the two hundred and seven Chinese questionnaires, one hundred and eleven are favorable in their comments on the Church, sixty-seven are critical, twenty-nine contain no comment. Favorable opinions from the Chinese, .Japanese and Filipinos follow.

From the Chinese: "Christian workers are the nicest people to meet; very kind to strangers." "The church is the foundation of your social order." "The Christian church is doing a great deal for the betterment of society and of international friendship." " The United States without Christianity would be entirely different in social structure; Christianity is its moral foundation." "The Christian Church is high-spirited and full of hope."

From the Japanese: "Christians are the pillars of society. The center of gravity of this nation is the church and Christians." "It is one of the most beautiful customs in the life of the nation."

From the Filipinos: "Christianity is the foundation of American civilization."

On the other side of the question there is apparent support for the statement of one of the student secretaries: "The fact cannot be ignored that there is among foreign students in the United States a rising tide of criticism of the whole Christian movement. This attitude is almost as pronounced among' Christians as among non-Chris-

tian students. Much of it is due to inadequate knowledge of the policies and achievements of the Church at home and in China; but when allowance is ma,de for this, there remains a serious situation." Critical comment from the Chinese includes the following: "ManY' Christians are sincere but are narrow and superficial." "The church is a business organization, most efficient, but its religious powers are surely degenerating." "Social life is carried too far; young people go for a good time but not to worship God." "The message of missionaries is not practiced in America." ,'The only really religious people are the old people; the middle aged go to manage church affairs and the young people for the social life." "Their orthodox teaching and unscientific spirit astonish me." "It is deplorable that the churches are involved in petty arguments against one another rather than devoted to energetic work." "I nearly accepted Christianity as I understood it when I was in China, but changed my mind in the United States."

Much is being done for these foreign students by various organizations, inclnding the Friendly Relations Committees of the Young Men's Christian Association and Young Women's Christian Association, Student Christian Associations, the varied work of the Church and of the Mission Boards of the Church, by cosmopolitan clubs, and by the International Institute of Education. The recently opened International House in New York City, a property in which more than two million donal'S, have been invested by a prominent layman, is a striking example of such service, and the inscription over its portals is typical of the aim of all these organizations-" That Brotherhood May PrevaiL"

On the other hand, there is much still to be done for these students from foreign shores. Speaking of how wider and richer service can be rendered to them and of where the responsibility for this service particularly rests, Professor Latourette of Yale University writes: "Upon the foreign student must be brought to bear the influence of the classroom, the home, the church and the campus." Dr. George M. Stratton, writing for President Barrows of California University, says: "The entire university and the community outside the university is responsible. But in a special way this responsibility must rest upon religious organizations of the university and of the university town." Dr. D. Willard Lyon, Secretary of the Foreign Division of the National Council of the Young Men's Christian Association, writes: "The primary responsibility for helping the foreign students in our North American colleges rightly to under- ~tand and appreciate the basis of the Christian religion, and loyally to promote the application of Christian principles to international relationships rest, in my judgment, primarily with the Christian forces resident in the educational institutions in which these foreign young men are studying." Dr. Stephen J. Cory, Vice-President of

DIFF.LCULT CONDITIONS IN BRAZIL

the United Christian Missionary Society of St. Louis, expresses the opinion of a great majority of those in touch with the situation willen he writes: "I would put first Christian homes. I can think of no greater impact on the lives of these people from non-Christian homes. Christian people should consider this an opportunity for worldserv- – ice and take these lonely young people in and accord them the cour- tesy and influence of a Christian home." Dr. Robert E. Speer sums up clearly the whole situation: "The responsibility for helping these men rests on two bodies, the College and the Church. The in- fluence of the College for good is only a fraction of what it ought to be, and in too many cases it abdicates its function of making full men out of these students. The Church did its duty pretty well by some of the first students who came over, but later, for a number of years, it neglected its task. Now it is being quickened to it again. It ought, by means of Christian homes and local Christian ministers, the agencies of the Young Men's Christian Association and the Young Women's Christian Association and various national instrumentali- ties, to layout an adequate and efficacious plan to cope with this situation, presenting at once so clear a duty and so rich an oppor- tunity."

Difficult Conditions in Brazil · BY FRANK L. BAKBR, V ARGINHA, MINAS, BRAZIL A SERIOUS condition of spirituai apathy and indifference con- fronts the evangelical worker generally in Latin America. There seems to be an appalling lack of initiative in investigating the credentials of Christ's ambassadors. There is at times a passive acceptance of the missionary's message as winsome and pleasing without the corresponding personal responsibility and application. The reason is that for centuries, the people have been indoctrinated in a school of infallible pronouncement. The" Church" has spoken in matters of doctrine, and woe to him who would dare to'differ or question. The "Holy Mother Church" arrogates the absolute and questionable right to determine what Rer subjects shall believe and the final issue is, Believe or be anathema.

Under such a regime, individual responsibility before God and one's fellows is dealt a death blow. And once this predicate of free agents is destroyed, the doors are thrown wide open for irregular conduct. A certain individual, whose private and public life was notoriously unbalanced from a moral point of view, was remonstrated with by a minister of the Gospel who tried to awaken his conscience to the tremendous importance of the revealed truth that "It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God." (Reb. 10: • From The Presbyterian Survey. S

31.) '1.'he man made reply: "About this I am entirely unconcerned.

I pay the priest to save my soul for me. That is his business and not mine."

Another thing that deters evangelical advance is the open, tena- cious hostility of the Roman Catholic hierarchy. This opposition is not a casual, sporadic outburst here and there; it is a well-organized plan embracing all, from the Cardinal to the humblest vicar. A note constantly struck in the Roman Catholic press and pulpit is that American missionaries are spies, advance agents of the United States Government, to get a foot-hold in the country so that the final con- quest of Brazil by the Yankees may be assured. Missionary motives are said to be black garments under which sinister aims are concealed.

The evangelical worker in Roman Catholic lands often meets a public mind thoroughly poisoned against the Gospel. When the mercenary motive is not mentioned, he is greeted with a large degree of suspicion as an enemy of God and the Church. Many still believe that there is some mysterious but real alliance between him and Satan. Even when this illusion is dispelled, there is the horror of the Church's power of excommunication which is believed to affect a person's status not only in this life but throughout all eternity.

Bibles and tracts must be jealousy guarded, or they will be seized and burned. Attendance upon the church services is a source of constant harassing and threatening and an open break with Rome brings an immediate outburst of malediction and persecution.

Friendships are severed, social ties are broken and often complete ostracism follows. .

Another influence that directly affects evangelical advance is the high percentage of illiteracy. It is also a problem that is challenging more and more the close attention of the governments, state and federal. All who really love Brazil are concerned. Naturally the vast expanse of territory, the inadequate transportation facilities and extensive isolated reaches accentuate the problem. The difficulty of personal investigation of the claims of the truth limits the number of those who can be reached. Thus among many, the printed page as a mighty aid to evangelical propaganda must be put aside, giving way to the spoken word. On the other hand the great influence of the evangelical school is readily seen. The attendance of students in these institutions is very large and constantly increases. Even with a difficult economic situation confronting the people, the matric- ulation in mission schools is larger than ever before and more are not accommodated for lack of added space.

Man's extremity is God's opportunity. Like Elisha of old, we too can look up and see through the eyes of faith that they who are for us are more than they who are against us. It is not by might nor by power but by the Spirit of God that the victory shall be won for Christ our Saviour.

and Anti-Religion in

O"&9ERVATIONS BY RECENT VISITORS'

MEN have always been divided according to their varied con- ceptions of God and of man's relation to Him. There are those who say that God, if such a Beiug exists, is unknowable; others seek to discover Him, but disagree as to His character and powers. Still others accept as final the revelation through Jesus Christ and a comparatively small minority wilfully discard all belief in God and Tefuse to accept evidence offeTed to pTove His existence.

The great land of Russia, with its millions of men, women and children, is just now in the throes of the struggle between faith in God and atheism. The antagonistic attitude of the Communistic Party, including most of the Soviet leaders, is traceable to the teachings of Karllfarx, the German Jew who was the founder of Communism. The susceptibility of the Russians to this teaching may be due, in patt, to misrepresentations of God and His Way of Life, for which some of the religious-political leaders of old Russia were responsible.

Frederick A. Mackenzie, the well-informed, fair-minded British correspondent has recently come to America from Russia, where he has spent the past three years. Mr. :Mackenzie, an unusually keen observer who has the facts, declares that conditions have not improved since he entered that country in November, 1921, but in some respects have grown worse. Extreme radicals still control the government with despotic power and make every effort to suppress capital, to destroy private business and to obliterate religion. The intellectual classes are subjected to great oppression and numbers of business people and political prisoners have been exiled to Siberia and the Arctic region. Many of these are merely political offenders, including numerous students and several bishops of the Greek Church. The Soviets have discharged many government workers who used to belong to the upper classes, and these are facing starvation. They cannot leave the country because few permits are granted. Among the victims of Soviet oppression are many Russians who have assisted the American Belief Commission in its work of charity.

The campaign against religion and the atheistic instruction given in the public schools has led to much immorality. Marriage is considered as only a civil contract held lig'htly by the Communists, and large numbers of men with middle-aged wives are discarding their spouses and are marrying young girls. The divorced wives face much suffering.

Richard Washburn Child is another witness who writes in an * The REVIEW does not vouch tor the accuracy of the interpretatlons put upon the facts 371 . quoted in this article.-The EDITOR.

article in the Saturday Evening Post.' "The Bolshevist program is known. The fact that debts have been repudiated is known, the nationalization of property is known. Noone denies the government's ruthless policy of executing great numbers. No one asserts that revolution in Russia has been a loving and tender business; no one denies that it has been bloody. No one denies that there has been a regime of compulsory labor. Noone denies a great degree of industrial stagnation. Noone denies that there has been a struggle to drive out religion. No one asserts that the institution of the family and old standards of morals have been lifted higher by the new regime. No serious mind believes that there is much democracy left in Russia-in the sense that the majority may control their destinies. Those who would assert that Bolshevism has given more liberty or happiness than Czarism would have a hard time finding evidence to support them."

The ruling class in Russia has changed but the Soviets are as despoti.c and cruel as the Czar. Deportations, espionage, killings continue. There is no true freedom in Russia. In view of all that is known of Communist rule in Russia it is surprising that even one apologist can be found among people able to think. The Russian communists have filled the world with fear; they seek to blot out the name of Jesus, and in the train of Bolshevism follow famine, pestilence, bondage and wailing. The experiment has demonstrated the futility of the communistic philosophy. The effort to destroy Christian belief throughout Russia is not effective. This is due to the deep roots of religion in the human heart, and not to any sympathy with religion on the part of the Government. It has made the Bible itself a contraband book. The latest report of the British and Foreign Bible Society states: "From Petrograd to Vladivostok the Soviet Republics remain closed to our Society. Before the war about 500,000 copies of the Scriptures were sold annually in this vast area, but during 1923 only 1,800 copies of Russian Scriptures were sold. In the name of liberty and free thought the authorities have issued orders to confiscate all Bibles. On the other hand, we hear pathetic tales of the longings of Russians to obtain copies. The chiefs of the Red Army point to the Bibles and say, 'All that is printed therein are fables and deceit.' "

A writer in the British Weekly says: "The Bolshevist regime seems more like the reign of Antichrist than anything that Europe has seen for many centuries. Zinovieff, head of the Third (Communist) International, and one of three most powerful rulers of Russia today, said recently in admitting some young recruits into the party: 'The Communist Party cannot tolerate interference by God in critical moments; for candidates who hesitate to renounce God we have no room.' In Pravda (Xruth), the official newspaper

RELIGION AND AN'TI-RELIGION IN RUSSIA

of the ruling Communist party, King George, Ramsay Macdonald, and Jesus Christ were recently ridiculed in caricature together.

"Bolshevist persecution of the Church in Russia has been re- sponsible for the death of over eight thousand priests, monks and nuns. The sanctity of the home is gone. Immorality is awful- most awful among the children. Take this as an example of the horrible degradation of the Russian official mind, that in Moscow in one year there were 10,000 cases of abortion procured under offi- cial sanction. It is today a criminal offence in Russia to hold a Sunday-school class. The penalty of one year's imprisonment with hard labor is provided in Russia for any hapless teacher who may tell a child that Christ is its Saviour."

Gregory S. Zinovieff, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Third International, admits that the Communists had gone too fast in their propaganda against existing religious rituals and in their efforts to establish atheism. In a recent pronouncement he is reported to have said: "We shall pursue our attacks on Almighty God in due time and in an appropriate manner. We are confident we shall subdue Him in His empyrean. We shall fight Him wherever He hides Himself, but we must go about such a question as antireligious propaganda more carefully in the future. Our campaign against God and religion must be carried out only in a pedagogic way, not by violence or force."

This attitude of the Soviet leaders does not have much effect on the peasants. An Associated Press correspondent writes: "In spite of the Communist campaign against religion, the greater part of the population in the larger cities went eagerly to church to celebrate the birth of the founder of the Christian faith." That the Soviet regime intends "to crush not only Orthodox Russian Christianity out of existence, but Methodism, Roman Catholicism and all other varieties of Christianity," is testified by Capt. Francis Mc- Cullagh, the British correspondent who cites from the Bolshevist Penal Code, that "the teaching of religious doctrine to persons under age in public and in private schools is to be punished by hard labor for a maximum term of one, year…… In order absolutely to cut short collective teaching and individual relations with isolated persons under eighteen years of age on the part of ministers of all existing religions on subjects of faith, of religious traditions and of cult, no matter in what place this is carried on, persecution will follow with all the rigor of the revolutionary law."

A more friendly word for the Soviets is spoken by Mr. Edwin Vail in The American F1'iend. In giving his view of "Bussia's Mistakes and Successes" he says: "Russia did what all people eventually do who are crushed by a burden of miserv. The free advertisement she has received in the press is the kind that is usually given to murderers and bandits, and is not calculated to increase our

respect for the country and its rulers. Of late a number of books have attempted to give a light on post-revolutionary Russia but some, in attempting to gain friends for Russia, give only a rosy side of the story. We must not look at Russia through the colored glasses of our own social inheritance. We must take the detached and his- torical view which the student of social evolution would take. Diverse views are given by different observers because they observe what they wish to see. There is so much good and so much bad that it is not hard to collect facts to prove any case, provided the facts that do not prove it are carefully omitted. . .

"The average traveler is agreeably surprised at the conditions he finds in Russia at the present time. He may travel to Moscow in an express train with a diner and comfortable sleeping accommo- dations ….. In the shops and stores he can buy most of the neces- sities and luxuries of the western world. At night he can go to an opera, a Shakespeare play, a revolutionary drama, or a movie.

This is the surface but it represents the truth that Russia is on the road to. recovery. Poor crops in the Volga Valley in 1923 have post- poned the prospects of quick recovery there, and in many places there are starvation conditions where misery is almost universal.

But in the Kuban district and the Ukraine there was a fair harvest and in September British and Italian steamers at Novorosissk and Feodosia were loading up with wheat for Hamburg. This means machinery going back into Russia so that industry may make further advances.

"The Russian Soviet Government has done many stupid things and has made many mistakes as have some other governments. When the Soviets came into power they immediately introduced Commu- nism which connotes, epigrammatically, that everybody will work for everybody. The city factory workers were to produce the manufac- tured articles; the peasants were to raise the foodstuffs; there was to be an exchange without the intermediary of a profit-eating class.

But the factory workers could not produce enough to keep up their side of the exchange. The grain was requisitioned from the peasants, who in turn decreased their acreage. The system broke down com- pletely, and in the terrible spring of 1922 the New Economic Policy was launched, a definite abandonment of pure Communism, allowing a certain amount of private trade, and introducing a state of affairs best described by State Capitalism. Recently a more liberal policy toward private trade has been announced by the Government.

"Bloodshed and destruction were the accompaniments of the revolution. Disorder afforded excellent opportunities for revenge, and the savagery was manifested which comes to light in all races during periods of revolution and war. The leaders of the revolution held that the end justified any means, and they were ruthless in up- holding the revolution. At present the government is continually

1925'] RELIGION Al'1) ANiTI-RELIGION IN RUSSIA

seeing counter-revolutionary bogies where they are not, and innocent people are put in prison and exiled to Archangel or some other distant place. The Soviet Government is controlled by terror and their courts fail to mete out justice.

"A third mistake of the Communists has been an unjust treatment of the Church. Communists are anti-religious and wish to see the Church go. The Greek Orthodox Church worked hand in hand with the old government for controlling the people and the priests of the Church were for the most part favorable to the old regime. 'rhe Soviet Government therefore feared the Church as a stronghold of reaction, and has done everything to weaken it. I attended an interesting debate in a town of 10,000 people where the Communist lecturer invited the local priest to uphold his side of a debate on religion. The fact that the priest was invited to give his views is some indication of tolerance. The debate was not characterized by much wisdom, for the Communist in his attack made no distinction between the Church, religion, and the Bible. The priest countered with a poor argument in the realm of philosophy which his flock accepted although they did not understand.

"Other mistakes of the Soviet Government, most obvious to a foreigner, are the result of a fanaticism which precludes measured judgment, and makes abuses easy. This fanaticism is seen in education where it often takes the form of acquiring a knowledge of Communist theories and ritual. University professors cannot risk expressing themselves, but their meJancholy smile and non· committal answers express clearly what they would say. The same fanaticism disfranchises private employers of labor, priests, and anybody the militia choose to put on the blacklist. Those on the blacklist are twice the number of those who vote for the Communist nominees. Although the election machinery is one of simple and direct representation from the smallest unit of the village up to the All Russian Soviet Congress, elections are largely controlled by the Communist Party. As in other countries with a republican form of g'overnment, only the interested vote, and the others do not.

"The quality of village government largely depends upon the quality of the men in office. A tyrant in office will tyrannize unde;r: any form of government. A good man will be a blessing to the community under any form of government. There are many tyrants in village governments, but they are gradually being replaced by better men. "Fanaticism is also seen in a strictly controlled press. The Communist Government is as much afraid of counter-revolutionary ideas as the Czarist Government was of revolutionary ideas. Truth that hurts is not tolerated. Continued persecution of the former bourgeois, although abated, is still a fact, but a government which

now feels so secure, should be generous enough to take in former outcasts who are willing to act as citizens of Soviet Russia.

"Another mistake of the Soviet Government is that of propaganda of Communist theories and Communist action in foreign countries. The process of the gradual enslavement of the Russian peasant, through the granting by the Czars of large tracts of land to favorites, has led the Communists to look upon capitalism as synonymous with a system of slavery and oppression. The spectre of starvation and misery caused the Russian revolution, for the people believed that they had everything to gain and nothing to lose by overthrowing the Czar's government. The Communists, although in the minority, were strongly centralized, and so when they stepped in at the opportune moment, they gained complete. control. If the American people should ever come to similar depths of misery, they too would rise up and create a new order with or without propaganda. Though there may be no danger in such propaganda in America, it is a great mistake for the Soviet leaders to attempt it in countries 'of whose institutions and ideals they have only a cynical knowledge. ' , In pointing out some things to the credit of the Soviet Government, Mr. Vail continues: "The first point to the credit of the government is that it has brought some order out of chaos" and has replaced a hopelessly corrupt monarchy. Second, the natural resources of the country such as oil, coal, iron, minerals, forests, etc., are now preserved as the common heritage of the people. But the people of Russia cannot sit back and rest assured that all will go well because the resources are in the hands of the government. Politics in business is always dangerous.

"Third, the land is in the name of the Government but the peasants have the use of it. In the worst famine districts the peasant is no richer because of the land because he has no horse to plow it with, but in years to come he will benefit. The system of land division is at present atrociously stupid, as it doles out little narrow strips sometimes as far as ·five miles from the peasant's hut, and the system of reallotting it at short periods gives no incentive for land improvement. The peasant cannot take pride in ownership.

"Fourth, the Soviet Government has the ideal of better conditions for labor and the raising of the dignity of labor. The ideal has not resulted in material betterment over pre-war days, but that is due to the poverty of the country as a whole. With the accumulation of capital, labor will be better rewarded, and labor's right to the fruits of its labor will be guarded.

"Fifth, the- Soviet Government has the ideal of universal education. Too often education is only propaganda, but that will become less and less true as time goes on. In a land where such a large ~e Soviets were, however, responsible for creating the chaos.-EDITOR.

1925J RELIGION AND ANTI-REIJIGION IN RUSSIA

percent of the peasantry are illiterate, education comes as a great light, and the people themselves are eager to learn. During the second year of the famine in certain districts the men and women were required to attend school in order to earn their food.

"Most of them passed the final examinations at the end of the month by writing the alphabet, numerals, and signing their own names. When the people are so poor that they can not even provide pencils or paper for the schools, educational progress is of necessity low and disheartening, but the will to learn among the Russian people will finally surmount all obstacles. There is also a great deal of practical educational work done outside the school. From every public place large colored posters stare at you, some with pictures and diagrams for speeding up transportation, some with warnings and methods to prevent diseases such as typhus, cholera, malaria, typhoid, etc. But perhaps the biggest single piece of educational effort was the All-Russian Exposition held in Moscow in 1923. Every section of the country from Turkestan to the Far Eastern Republic had their especially constructed _buildings where the products of the country were displayed, the possibilities of future development outlined and diagrammed to the minutest detail. Agricultural economy was naturally given a prominent place. Systems of irrigation were worked out in miniature. The value of machinery was demonstrated and the necessity for its adoption emphasized. Education, which has been the golden key to a progressive future for other countries, will loose the chains of ignorance which bind Russia of the present.

"Sixth, the Soviet Government maintained the ban on vodka put on at the beginning of the war by the Czar's Government.t Under the old regime the peasants had every encouragement to keep themselves drunk and spend all their earnings on vodka, which was manufactured by the government and netted them a large profit. The Soviet Government has set the welfare of the people above the neces· sity of acquiring revenue and maintains the prohibition of vodka.

"The items on both sides of Russia's ledger must be left for God to balance. The Revolution in Russia has become history, and as Albert Williams ends his book, 'Only fools arglle with history.' An air of optimism pervades Moscow. The morale of the Oommunists, engendered by past suffering and a faith in a betterment of conditions for the Russian people is unbeatable. They are united, and so Russia is united. Everybody obeys Moscow from Vladivostok to the Caucasus. Russia of the future will be prosperous, and a prosperous Russia means a large demand for manufactured goods. It is true that Russia lacks enough men of wisdom, men of tolerance and understanding, honest men, and unselfish men. The people of t This year the manufacture and sale of vodka have been resumed with permission for a 300/0 alcoholic content.-EDITOR.

Russia have not forgotten that ten million of her people were kept alive during the famine by American food. The basis of friendship and peace between Russia and America has been magnificently laid. "

Another view of Russia is that of Dr. Harry F. Ward, the American professor with Socialistic sympathies, who has recentlv been in Russia, and who declares that the Soviets will not be able to destroy or uproot religion. He says in a recent article: "The Oonstitution of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics proclaims freedom of religion. But the communist party which ad- ministers that constitution has declared war to the death against all religion. Strictly speaking, what the Russia constitution guarantees is freedom of worship. It forbids religious instruction of the young except in the home and then not before sixteen years of age. The theory is that youth is entitled to choose its religion, irreligion or anti-religion without bias from its elders. There are, however, some slight signs that the prohibition of organized religious instruction is not henceforth to be rigidly enforced.

"A'S a general policy the central government does not directly interfere with religion except to see that it is not taught in the schools or universities, and to prevent propaganda for conscientious objection to war by pacifist religious sects.t The other official evi- dence of its attitude is the famous sign at the entrance to the his- toric Red Square-'Rieligion is the Opiate of the People.' The government then stands in this position. Most of the men who com- pose it have a conviction that religion is a menace to social progress, while at the same time they believe that individuals should have freedom to choose and practise their religion or anti-religion except when it menaces the existence of the state. The government is prac- tically the communist party and this is definitely anti-religious. It will admit no person to membership who believes in God. The state- ment is current in interested circles that teachers are instructed when a child asks if there is a God to answer in the negative. It is also alleged that in such cases communist teachers are urged to give private advice outside of school hours, and it is certain that some non-communist teachers believe that if they should answer a child's question about the existence of God in the affirmative they would be dismissed. .

"There is in Russia a very vigorous anti-religion propaganda.

This is conducted by voluntary organizations and also by the League of Oommunist Youth as one of its activities. The voluntary organi- zations are subsidized by the Oommunist party and the activities of the League of Oommunist Youth are supervised by men prominent in the government. The anti-religion movement has three aspects.

There are two organized groups, each conducting a paper under the same name, Besbosnik-that is, 'The Godless One,' or 'The Man t Anti·religious instruction is, however, widely prevalent in public schools.-EDITO'R.

RELIGION AND AN1TI-RELIGION IN RUSSIA

Without God.' The one group is subsidized by the Moscow executive committee of the Communist party and the other group is subsidized by the central (national) executive committee of the Communist party. There is also a private publishing house issuing 'atheistic' pamphlets designed for the intelligentsia and for communist organizers. The first group seeks to destroy religion by ridicule. The other group of the anti-religious movement holds that the campaign of ridicule is folly and seek to destroy faith by making science a substitute for religion. They say: 'In fifty years we will make all the peasants in Russia atheists.' Some twenty ex-priests are engaged in this anti-religion propaganda, one aspect of which is conducting an 'atheistic' theatre in Moscow.

"The anti-religious propaganda being carried on through the League of Communist Youth consists mainly of wall placards presenting science in contrast to religion. The government has had to stop anti-religious demonstrations by them on the sacred days of the Greek Church.

"This anti-religion movement in Russia is due, in part, to the nature of the Greek Church-its ignorance, its apathy to the sufferings of the workers and peasants, its position as one of the repressive instruments of the Czar's regime.§ The second cause is the alleged conflict between science and religion. The leaders believe that it is part of their duty to destroy religion and thus make possible the progress of the race. The result of this anti-religious movement will first of all destroy the superstition of the Greek Church. But the soul of Russia will never be satisfied with cold science. Released from superstitions the soul of Russia will awake to true religion. The Greek Church gives no evidence of capacity to endure the attack. The movement in theological education, financed from the United States, has the possibility of supplying in time leaders for a much more vital expression of the religious nature of Russia. The most vitality appears among the sectarian movements such as the Baptists, Adventists, Doukhobors and others. In this section of the religious life of Russia there is a stirring. Negotiations are also going on with the more liberal members of the Communist party for religious freedom for this group that is opposed to war and to capitalism.

"God is patient and long suffering with Russia. The people have suffered much and many leaders, in their blind groping after the light and some new way into the 'Promised Land' of Utopia, have misled their followers into a pit. It is for Christians to point them to Jesus Christ the Living Way."

We give in conclusion the view of the situation by an evangelical Christian worker who was living in the center of Russia nearly the § The Russian Church was at the same time the victim of th~ Czar's Government and welcomed the opportunity given by the Reyolution to throw off the yoke.-EDlTOR.

whole of last year and was therefore able to observe conditions on all sides. He writes: "Our brethren in Russia are suffering from much persecution and other difficulties. The Czar's government counted them as revolutionaries, but the Soviet Government is looking upon them as counter-revolutionaries. Sunday-schools are prohibited; many prayer-houses have been confiscated; the Orphanage and Old PeopIe's Home in Balashoff, which the Baptists had bought with their own money, was confiscated and given over to the Communistic Young People's Club, and is now a place where atheism is being spread. The same fate befell the Baptists' Invalid Home in the village of Maslovka. Many preachers are in prison and all religious literature has also been confiscated by the orders of the Secret Police.

In spite of opposition and handicaps, the work of evangelism in Russia is going on. The word of God is not bound and the Spirit of God is at work. Thousands of souls that have been in the bonds of fables and sin are being released and raisel up like Lazarus from the grave. Released from atheism, they are praising the Lord; the deaf are hearing, and the dumb are speaking and praising the Lord with new tongues. The Russian Evangelical Churches are missionary churches. The members believe in the Bible and carry their Testaments with them. Many farmers in the field, woodcutters in the woods, and peasants going to town to buy and sell, take their Bibles with them. When there is an opportunity many faithfully witness for Christ. Patience, prayer and the example of a Christlike spirit, and sacrificial service are the methods that will achieve most for the Kingdom of God in Russia."

Ahmed of Baghdad The Story of a Student at the Am·erican University at Cairo .n.AHMED of Baghdad is the son of a wealthy lumber merchant in Baghdad. The course of his life ran smoothly until his father, according to the Mohammedan custom, married another wife. The treatment which his mother received, growing out of this new marriage, made Ahmed question the whole Mohammedan custom which would permit such a thing to exist. Yet no matter how much he hated the system, he saw no way out, until one day he wandered into a book shop and found aNew Testament. The book interested him and he read it. When his father discovered the Book, the boy was punished and forbidden to read it again. The relationship between father and son became more strained until finally, on the death of his mother, Ahmed left home and found his way to Cairo. There he applied for admission to the American University but as he was

1925J AHMED OF BAGHDAD

not prepared to take up the regular college work, one of the American teachers tutored him at nights. Ahmed's interest in Christianity was discovered, and every influence was thrown around him to help him discover the truth. His interest grew as he studied the New Testament, and after a time he asked to join the Church.

In answer to a communication written to his father, a letter came revealing the bitter and almost murderous attitude of the Mohammedans toward one of their faith who embraces, Christianity: "Baghdad, 15th Ramadan, 1342.

"To Ahmed Et Tai "Ahmed, you have gone out ff'om the eye of Allah and from my eye and the eyes of all people. Never think of returning to Baghdad. Your four brothers declare that if Ahmed ever returned to Baghdad, they will certainly kill him. As for m~ never write to me, and never send me any word in any way whatever. You have disgraced me and debased me before Allah and everyone. What shall I do now Y By Allah, if my health only permitted I would go to Cairo and kill you. Ahmed, if I do not kill yon, say that your father is a liar. Now yon have no property left with me, neither of YOllr mother's property nor of my property; I have legally writ- ten it all into the name of our brothers, my sons who are Moslems. I have recorded my will in the courts and with the government. And after seven days I shall be starting to Persia to the tomb of Ali l.'foosa in the city of Meshid. If any letters come from you or the school I shall not consider them at all, nor will your brothers.

"Can a Moslem become a Christian 1 This is what saddens me and sad- dens anyone who has a mind or any sense at all. Allah it is who corrects people. He is the great. Allah grant peace and blessing to our master and prophet Mohammed the son of Abdullah and to the rightly guided Imams.

I am guiltless of you, Ahmed, to the day of judgment. ., SALMAN. "

The Mohammedan students of the university would have nothing to do with Ahmed after his conversion. The native Christians, who are almost entirely Coptic, are suspicious of every Mohammedan who turns Christian, so even from them his reception is none too gracious.

One evening, two men approached him and asked if he was Ahmed of Baghdad. ~Wrhen he replied that he was, they tried to throw him into the river. Unsuccessful in this, one of them drew a knife and stabbed him in the back, cutting a long gash in his coat but luckily only scratching the skin. His life is in constant danger because some zealous Mohammedan may kill him or his own father may hire someone to put poison in his food. If they kill him no court in Egypt would punish the murderer, for according to the Mohammedan law it is no crime to kill a Christian, especially a "rene- gade Moslem." But Ahmed has continued to grow. Last summer it was decided that he was sufficiently trained to be baptized. He has stood firm in the face of all persecutIOns and has of course renounced all claim to the wealth that would have come to him from his father. Now he has his face set toward the Christian ministry.

M. Pratt. the chJldren's wandering evangelist of England, whose caravan has a never-

failing fascination for young folks, makes the most of the summer months. This photo of him and his gipsy home was taken at Crail, where he spent a time before crossing the Tay.

The "Little Church on Wheels," conducted by Mr. and Mrs. Wm. H. )forgan under the auspices of the First Baptist Church o.f Boston. (Photograph by courtesy of the "Watchman Examiner.") ITINERATING EVANGELISTS IN AMERICA AND ENGLAND

MBTHODS

i EDITED BY MRs. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBERG BLDG., PHlLADELPHIA, PA.

IT COULDN'T BE DONE- by discovered his mistake: he had BUT IT WAS tried to sell new goods in the open The chnrch was located in a little market without adequately advertis- industrial town of only twenty-five ing their merits. No wonder that he hundred population. There were only could not effect a delivery. He had one hundred and twenty-seven mem- been in that pastorate but a few bers in the church. The town was a months, so natnrally he could not factory town with most of the men on rightfully expect his personal recom- shift work which meant that many of mendation to carry much weight.

ihem were always at work, day or Then for a period of a year a pro- /It·ght. Even the Women's .Missionary gram of advertising or educational Society said" It can't be done," when work to popularize missions was sys- a School of .Missions was proposed. tematically carried on. The little Yall are not likely to meet more ob- church paper spoke a good word for jections and ditJiculties than Rev. W. missions frequently. As time went on O. Benthin met. What he and his peo- even the town paper printed an occa- ple did in St. John's PI'esbyterian sional article on work of this kind.

Church of Camas, Washington, should There were many opportunities pri- inspire scores of other pastors and vately to inoculate the church person- ch1lrches. nel with the desire to combine a social Of course the preacher put his foot evening with the Christian study of in it. He was so enthusiastic over the world problems. Mimeographed dodg- possibilities of a church school of mis- ers put out by the church for publicity sions that he assumed all other mis- in other matters contained a sentence sionary – minded Christians would or two on the increasing interest share his zeal. He had studied the among the people on the subject of a success of other churches in popular popular church school of missions.

mission study. He was satisfied that With the advance of the second winter the usual mid-week service combined season the pastor again presented the with what was called a "pot-luck subject to the woman's missionary.

lunch" was a practical move. Assum- society. This time the idea was met ing that his vision would appeal to with tolerance. The attitude was the woman's missionary society, he open-minded but there was hardly appeared before its members, outlined even faith, not to say anything of his plan, and asked for cooperation. enthusiasm. However, plans were To his amazement among the best of immediately entered into to launch the women there was a lack of faith the school. The publicity man did in the proposed venture. It" was his part.

too much work"; "the people would At the very first session there were not come"; and in general it simply eighty-three people present, over three "would not work." The dominie times the number that the regular went home with a let-down feeling. earnest workers of the woman's so- When in his study he sat down and ciety usually had present. The church thought the matter through he there- dining room was filled with jovial, 383

spirited people. After a hearty meal the old-time church supper which they assembled in three separate spells days of solicitation and hourt; groups for study. The juniors were of arduous labor. 'fhe pot-luck lunch taken to their own little room where is simply this-each family is asked experienced workers with children to bring only one or two dishes of took them in hand. Besides mission- food, together with a knife, fork, and ary stories they had hand-work and spoon, and a cup for each member of they built missionary houses. Those its party. 'rhe church furnished the of high school age were by them- coffee and its trimmings. When all ~elves; their attendance ranged from are there the food is distributed. To sixteen to twenty-six per night. They be sure some nights the eaters will go were likewise presided over by two short on meat, but what does this experienced high school workers. matter when there are three pieces of 'rhey were given subjects for special cake plus two of pie per capita? An- other night folks will be light on desreports, and a week in advance were sert but well supplied with beans. No furnished with data on the subject. matter of which course there is the It was gTatifying to see how these greatest quantity there will always young folks entered into the subject be as much food present as there are people to eat it. The uncertainty of with zeal and understanding. exactly what the bill of fare will be The adult division carried out the adds to the general interest. If peo- ple are particular they can arrange to forum method of study. Besides de- have certain staple foods there bY' pending on the textbook for lesson common consent or mutual arrangeoutlines, different persons were as- ment. We furnished paper plates, signed phases of a subject for a given paper napkins, and paper table cloths night. The group was presided over taken from table-width wrapping either by the pastor or a high school paper. In this way dish washing and instructor. The leader always acted laundry work were reduced to a minimore the part of a chairman than a mum. teacher. Of course there was enough disagreement to awaken interest. To add zest the young life was Some were sure that the American given free rein. It was the custom people were infinitely superior to always to seat the little boys at the folks of other lands; others took issue table in the center of the room atwith this view. There was hardly: tended by the pastor and one or two (weI' any unanimity of opini(}ll as to other adults. It did not take much the best method to pursue to dis- coaching to have these youngsters decharge our Christian obligations. vise a yell which they shouted lustily These minor disagreements were abso- accenting "Men's Table! Men's lutely essential to the life of the Table! Men's Table!" The girls at study. Before the conclusion of the a near-Ly table not to be out-classed course all the expressed views were soon responded by shouting for the decidedly Christian. It was indeed a "old-maids. " The boys and girls of happy sight to see from twenty to the high school group sang their thirty adults, a majority of them men, school songs and gave yells, while the coming out week after week to spend rest ate. These activities did much to an hour in mission study. At the create and keep a cordial atmosphere. conclusion of the five weeks' course a The lighter vein in no way detracted set of slides on the cOlmtry studied from the serious part of the evening were shown. when the proper time came. So both in work and play there was something The "pot-luck" feature had a very stirring every second. large part in making the move popular. When, on the first· presentation, While there was but a comparativethe ladies hesitated over the thought ly small amount of detailed dining of having a lunch once a week for six weeks they were thinking in terms of

·1925] BEST METHODS

room work to do, there was always is in numbers equal to over 53 per Eeed for a few useful hands. One cent of our entire church memberyear the members (}f the different ship. To appreciate these numbers it church organizations, such as Sunday- should be borne in mind that our school classes, set the tables and wait- church is located in a factory town ed on the guests. The next year a where men are on shift-work, which committee of willing-handed and big- means that some of our men are alhearted women appointed by the ways at work, whether day or night. missionary society saw to it that Our church facilities are so limited things were always at their best at the that the attendance has taxed our lunch hour. Usually young folks working equipment to the limit. waited on the tables. They vied with one another by groups, in seeing What of the futUre of the church which could render the best service, school of missions? After the first decorate the best, and make the best successful year was past the pastor appearance. said to the missionary society: "Last season's work should be a suitable .Another big feature was the provi- text of the worth of a church school sion made for the children too small of missions. If our church is to have to attend the Junior study. They another popular mission school the were taken to a private house where initiative this year must come from they were cared for during the study the missionary society. I will help honr. This gave the parents oppor- but will not push it through as I did tunity to enjoy the study and no last year." family had to stay at home because of the little ones. We thus made The same society that had turned provision for people of all ages. There the project down once, and with a was never any lack of nurse-maids degree of open questioning, reluctantamong the girls to help run the nUl'&- ly acquiesced the second time, now got cry. under the movement and put it through in a bigger and better way Both years we pursued the topics than ever. It now appears that the recommended by OUr Boards. The church school of missions bids fair to courses for the several age groups become an institution of our church were all phases of the general topic. work just as regular as that of the The leaders for each division care- Sunday-school, and Missionary Sofully outlined the proposed groups to ciety. be covered for the five or six sessions and then gathered materials accord- Popular missions are poosible and ingly. 'rhcrll is every reason to believe practical. The idea must first be that the study was as thor(}ugh and thoroughly sold. The real goods may far-reaching as any voluntary study then be promptly delivered. Then found in the ordinary church, and satisfied customers will assure the much more thorough than many business a permanent future. chmoch studies. These courses gave the first direct mission study to many MAKING A CHURCH INTELa man and boy. Each year our church thus held before a hundred LIGENTLY MISSIONARY people the great thought that it has 11 vital interest and a working pro- BY" J. M. DAwso~, Pastor gram in world-wide problems. First BapHst Church, Waco, Texas Looking back it is a joy to say that we enrolled people in number equal One in Eight Is a. High Percentage 10 sixty-seven per cent of our entire ('hurch membership_ They came out When one church exceeds all other with a good degree of regularity as churches of the South in making ana, the average attendance for each year influencing pr-eachers and mission- aries, and follows its gifts of life by 4 unusual gifts of money it is worth while to consider some of its mission- ary methods.

Through no responsibility of the 'fruett, once a member of t.he Waco present pastor, either for the report Church, is pastor, and which has a or for the fact, the First Baptist membership three times larger. Church, Waco, Texas, is said to have given to the world more preachers How t.his missionary interest and and ·missionaries than any other missionary giving have been stimuchurch in the South. Certain it is lated is a story of education. The that of the hundreds of missionaries prime factor was the long pastorate of on the rolls of the Southern Baptist B. H. Carroll, one of the giants of his I<'oreign l'iission Board one in eight denomination, who through twentyis a graduate of Baylor University eight years imparted his world-wide aud most of these have held mem- vision, ardent devotion and heroic bership in the First Church, which discipline to hi~ flock. Dr. Carroll, through the years has ministered to the founder of the Southwestern Bapthe University. This church contrib- tist Theological Seminary and long uted the first Baptist missionary to president of the board of trustees of Brazil, Rev. VlT• B. Bagby, and a Baylor University, was possibly more dozen more who are laboring today in than any other the builder of the that land of promise. From it went Baptist denomination in Texas, and forth Dr. and li[rs. W. Eugene Sallee, one of the leaders in the South. Durof the Kaifeng College, intimate ing his long life he communicated his friends of· Marshal Feng, the great missionary vision and spirit to his Christian general of China, and people. During his pastorate the among the most influential Christian church became unquestionably first in missionaries in the Orient today. the denomination in its response to S. Mosa, who is doing a notable work missions, and often did it release its as a pastor in Nazaret.h, Palestine, pastor that he might go forth to camwas enkindled in this church, and an- paign for missionary causes among other member of it took the lead in the churches. His published sermons providing a house of worship for even yet furnish the preachers in- Mosa's growing church, which is spiration for missionary addresses building on a choice lot, opposite and appeals. Does not the abiding lfary's Fountain in the city of our fruit of such labor incite the pastors Lord. Most of the Baptist pastors in to a more heroic missionary leader- Texas, and many of the leading pas- ship 1 How many definite missionary tors and officials of mission boards of sermons do they preach f Have they other states, such as Dr. A. J. Barton not discovered that all homiletic roads of Missouri and Dr. O. E. Bryan of lead t.o missions? Do they not see Tennessee, together with Dr. George that the greatest of all missionary W. McDaniel, the president of the impacts is a missionary life 1 Southern Baptist Convention, are graduates of Baylor and while mem- This church has consistently magbers of this historic church have nified the office of the missionary. touched its missionary fires. Indeed, When missionaries return special its quota of home workers naturally honors are accorded them and the is far larger than that of its foreign church hears them gladly. Such ocmissionaries, and they are men and casions are emphasized, organized and women who have brought things to advertised with a view to the largest pass. As a further evidence of its attendance. Recently when the Salmissionary zeal, its contribution to the lees carne home from China they were Baptist seventy-five million campaign given a public reception and on Sunfund was among the foremost in the day morning when Dr. Sallee spoke South, being second only in Texas to on "The Anti-Christian Movement in that of the great First Baptist Church China," the building which seats at Dallas, of which Dr. George W. three thousand was packed. Memo- rable indeed was the homecoming of Dr. Bagby some years ago.

BEST

In urder to keep the church intelli- ,Yomen's Memorial Dormitory at gently missionary ceaseless and insist- Baylor University. In this giving it ent circulation of missionary period- has been found that wise old Ben icals is undertaken. Unless included Franklin's word is true-" An ounce in the budget much attention must be of practice is worth a ton of theory."

given to this constantly. Closely as- vVe learn by doing, says the psychol- sociated are the missionary programs. ogist. Churches that practise mis- These are formally provided for in sions will find their interest tremend- the various church organizations. ously quickened by the investment.

among the young people, the women Of one thing all may be sure, we and the men. This church has solved cannot expect missionary resultS! the problem of attendance upon the without missionary intelligence. There midweek prayer service with mission- is a streak of reactionism in all of us. ary programs. During the March It is a part of indwelling sin. It is week of prayer for home missions the the persistence of the flesh, the gainwomen's Wednesday night program saying of the world, and the subtlety drew so many people that the large of the devil. The first clause of the audience room overflowed with the Great Commission is "Go ye and throngs who came and were thrilled. teach." It is fatuous to imagine that All along mission study classes have missionary deeds arise from sponbeen fostered with excellent results, taneous combustion. They are defibut now the ~hurch, along with other nitely produl!ed. We have divine and Baptist churches of the South, is supernatural as well as abundant undertaking a week's school of mis- human resources at our command for sions. In this school three books will achieving missionary results. Awake, be taught, "Stewardship in Missions," "The Plan of Salvation," o .':ion, and haste thee to the ripening "The Social Applications of the Gos- fields.

pel. " The school proposes to bring METHODS FOR VACATION DAYS several hundred people, men, women SUMMER CONFERENCE DJc'LEGATES. and children together in the evening :F'irst of all send at least one reprefor an hour of study, followed by a sentative from your church to some luncheon, after which the study will summer conference. If you can send be resumed for another hour, to be a dozen or more delegates by all means do so. Every summer conferconcluded with an inspirational ad- ence delegate is likely to do much in dress from real home and foreign mis- the missionary advancement of the sionaries. It is believed that this congregation during the coming fall School of Missions will be quite as and winter. 'l'here are people who successful as it has proven elsewhere, will go at their own expense if you and that it will yield far profcmnder tell them about conference joys and results than the ordinary inspiration opportunities. There are scores of ra~ly: meetings in the interest of people in our churches who are really mISSIOns. looking for places to go who would find just what they want at some de- One of the greatest incentives to lightful summer conference, but who missions this church has discovered is the missionary memorial over and above the budget offerings. It has two with the church extension board will never know about it unless more -the B. H. Carroll and the First of us take it upon ourselves to talk Church Building Loan Funds. It has summer conferences.

a large interest in the Annie Jenkins Then there are scores of others who Sallee .Memorial College at Kai-feng, should be sent by th<3ir churches or China. In several hospitals it ha9 by various societies in the churches.

memorial rooms. J nst now the women In many congregations it would be are giving $25,000 toward a $350,000 possible for the Sunday-school to send

a delegate, the Young People's So- WEEK-ENDS AT THE FARM OR CAMP. ciety to send another, the Women's ~ome one willed to a Philadelphia lVlissionary :Society to send a third, congregation a farm house. The pasand the Brotherhood to add the tor and the pastor's wife and some fourth. Sometimes all of the expenses of the members sat down to consider may be paid by the church, and in the possibilities of their legacy. Being other cases the delegate may pay part missionary-minded they considered of the expenses. very carefully any missionary possi- bilitiefl in the newly acquired and We continually lament the lack of somewhat unusual possession. leadership and yet we continue to jog along without making any plans to Among the other planiil developed train leaders. are week-end conferences of various groups. Sometimes busy young peo- Have the courage and determina- ple chaperoned by older leaders go to tion to face your difficulties squarely the farm for a night and a day or and to meet and conquer them. Select two days of conference with a misrepresentatives who have potential sionary program. A delightful outing possibilities of leadership; arrange is provided in this way with a chance for them to attend the best confer- for quiet interviews with leaders and ence in your territory and let the con- helpful group conferences. ference leaners know you expect them to give yo~r delegates the help they If some one will do the planning need. and arranging it is poss'ible frequently for groups to go together for several Another possibility is to enlist the days to some mountain, camp, or interest of individuals in paying the shore resort. expenses of one or more conference delegates as an investment in mis- Many young business men and sionary leadership. women arrange to get away from the heat and grind of the city on Friday Each denomination has its own or Saturday and return on Monday. summer conferences. In addition Missionary guests strengthen the inevery church should have some one, fluence of the party. If there is no of outstanding ability or possibility in special building or camp site availleadership, in attendance at some in- able, some one may arrange that a terdenominational summer school or number of congenial people choose conferenee. the same mountain or shore resort for a week-end; that they meet together Among the interdenominational for a morning or an evening service. conferences are those of the Mission- A picnic lunch may be planned and ary Education Movement, for men a discnssion arranged. Possibly a and women, as follows; missionary may be available· for an informal stroll. Sometimes inter- Blue Ridge, !. C.—-June 26th to July views along the way, group discussions 6th. around a camp fire, and picnic lunches are far-reaching influences in life Ocean Park, :ThIaine-July 1st to July decisions. 10th. MISSfONS BY MOONLIGHT. There is Silver Bay, N. Y.—-July 3d to July more than a pleasing alliteration here. 13th. No virtue attaches to the direct rays of a three 0 'clock sun on a hot sum- Asilomar, Cal.-July 8th to July 18th. mer afternoon so far as missionary education is concerned. Some time Seabeck, Wasll.-July 24th to August during the summer plan a delightfully 3d. refreshing moonlight meeting. The place of meeting may be a porch, a J;~or further information write Missionary Education Movement, 150 Fifth Avenue, lawn, a park, a mountain, a shore, New York City.

The w~men's conferences affiliated with the Council of Women for Home Missions and the 1<'ederation of Women's Foreign Mission Boards of North America are listed on page 3~1 of this issue.

BEST METHODS

or a plain. One or more missionary written suggesting that during some g'uests may be in the party. An ap- quiet vacation moment there may be propriate Bible lesson may be taken a chance, that so seldom comes at from some of the night scenes of the home, to read.

Bible. The singing of missionary Vacation time offers an opportunity hymns ar.companied hy stringed or to interest people in missionary maga- wind instruments may be made a spe- zines. Sometimes a single copy of cial feature, or there may be special your own denominational magazine, numbers, in addition to the hymns, or the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE slmg without accompaniment. WORLD, or Et'eryland, sent to some The love story of some great mis- one at a summer address means that sionary will lend itseLf especially to the magazine is given a place on the a moonlight meeting, and earnest dis- living' room or porch table. A read- cussion of the possibilities of conse- ing that would not be accorded it in crated living will naturally follow the rush of home duties, and a regular under wise leadership. Any regular subscription may follow, at your sug- features of topic study may be intro- gestion.

duced. IN THE RURAL CHURCHES. The A box lunch may follow the pro- summer time is often the time of gram, served with a lively discussion largest opportunity in the country of world aifairs and missionary op- church and the country church is the portunity. church of largest opportunity in mis- LITERATURE CIRCULATION. He who sionary work. In almost any group of lets a friend go away on a summer missionaries, the majority are found outing with no piece of missionary to be products of the country church.

literature in his hand or in his bag- Get ready for the homecoming of gage knows not the appearanC1e of the boys and girls from college. In- missionary opportunity when it stands stead of meeting them with "Young beside him. folks today aren't what they were Literature secretaries, should be when I was young," let your greeting busy in the spring and early summer be, "'Ve are counting on you to help in making up missionary boxes to be us with our summer plans for mis- taken by vacationists or mailed to sion study. It's fine to have you home." them.

When the literature secretary or If there are summer visitors in the president or any other interested your community, find among them worker drops in for a goodby before some one who can add interest to your a friend goes away she may tactfully meetings.

suggest that she has brought with her Interest the mothers of your com- a most delightful book for a com- munity in inviting as guests, students panion along the way, or during the of other nationalities who are in vacation. It may be presented as a America. One Japanese woman said gift, or as a loan from the missionary recently that the longing -6f her. heart library. was to spend the summer in some un- Then there are leaflets. It's a good pretentious Christian home in the plan to see that every one who goes country.

on a vacation receives sometime dur- Get information about such hospi- ing the summer one or more of the tality possibilities from the Student best missionary leaflets to be had. Secretary of your denomination.

They may be mailed one at a time, or "Spend-the-Day Missionary Meet- attractive pasteboard boxes or even ings, " have been successfully ar- plain manila envelopes may be used ranged by a number of farmers' wives as containers for a few choice leaflets who left home aEter the morning's and some clippings attractively ar- work was finished. They provided a ranged. An irresistible letter may be picnic lunch for their husbands and

sons, and then went to some neighbors GE'l'TING RE.DY FOR THE FALL. for dinner. Each guest furnished one Successfnl merchants do not wait undish according to a menu previously til September to decide on their fall arranged. After dinner there was an stock. Fall plans for missionary sohour and a half for the missionary cieties should be in t!ie making long meeting, with adjournment in time before September first. In the spring for everyone to be home for the nec- and early summer before people go essary work of the late afternoon. away on vacations, work out your plans for the fall and winter. Give OUT-OF-DoOR PAGEANTS. Many your leaders a chance to be on the cities and rural communities are in- lookout during the summer for good cluding an out-of-door pageant in ideas for the meetings of which they their Sllmmer plans, thereby enlisting are to have charge. the interest of thousands of people. A safe plan is to print on your an- CHALLENGING ATTENTION nouncements the date with the statement of a seeond date, in case of rain "Is this a typical American audion the first. ence T" asked Mrs. Bascom Copen- haver in introducing her course of Choirs composed of members from lectures on "Race Relationships" at many churches may furnish the the St. Petersburg School of Missions music, and different episodes, or fea- in Florida. tures of the pageant, may be assigned to special groups who can practise to- All over the auditorium hands were gether. If there is efficiency in group raised in answer to her questionpractice, one full rehearsal will be all hands from almost every state in the that is needed for a successful pres- Union, for there were delegates from entation. everywhere. Then the pianist played "My Country 'Tis of Thee." As OPPORTUNITIES FOR PERSONAL the audience sang, typical America WORK. 'When our Lord met men and walked to the platform-men and women along the way, He made the women holding aloft charts which most of His missionary opportunity, gave these figures: at morning, noon and night, in the synagogue, at the well, on the shore, Italians ………………….. 1,610,109 in the homes of friends. Negroes …………………. l1,OOO,O()(J Chinese ………………….. 61,639 There are individuals and groups Jug~·Slavs ……………….. 169,439 at every summer resort, from logging MexIcans ………………… 1,500,000 camp to a fashionable seashore city, Port? Ricans ……………… 1,299,809 who are practically unreached by any RusSlans …………………. 1,400,489 Christian workers. 'I'he" hands" on Indians ………….. ,…….. 341 838 the farm, the "help" in the hotel, the Bulgarians ,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10;477 all-the-year-round res,idents of the Japanese ………………… 111,010 mountains-if the Lord Christ had Jews ………… , …….. ,… 4,000,000 passed along their way He would have Poles …. ,., …….. ,……… 1,139,978 found time to tarry with them until Czechs ……….. "……….. 362436 He could point out the way of life. Hindus …………. ,……… 2;507 Alaskans …………………. 54,899 Then there are the hundreds of colpge students who are working during Only a few words were spoken by their vacation at various summer the leader, but everyone realized resorts. A discriminating visitor re- something of the extent of the probcently remarked, "The greatest possi- lems of America in race relations. bilities in this, conference are to be found in those who are employed to A business man said, "I can't do much, but I'll round up a half dozen serve it." fellows for that mass meeting." OlL many of our summer conference One of the fellows gave a thousand grounds arrangements are made for dollars for missions, another gave his special classes for employees. life in service, and all of them became interested in missions.

Woman's Home and Foreign

– COUNCIL OF -WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS AND FEDERA'fION OFVOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS AfJiliated with DATES AND CKIRMEN FOR 1925 COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HPME :MISSIONS A ffiliated with Dallas, 1'exas (Negro-J-Sept. 27·0ct. 4. :Mrs. C. R. Boswell, 1719 Allen St., Dallas, COUNCIL OF WO~IEN FOR HO~[E MISSIONS Texas.

and Northfield, East Northfield, Massac,husetts- ,July 6·14. Mrs. T. Raymond St. John, FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF 341 Webster Ave., Long Island City, N. Y *** FOREIGN MISSIONS Affiliated w·jth Bethesda, Ohio-Aug. 11-14. Miss Mary I. FFDERA'l'ION OF WOMAN '8 BOARDS OF Scott, 310 Tomlinson Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. FOREIGN MISSIONS Bonlder, Colorado-June 16-25. Mrs. Frank Northfield, East Northfield, Ma8saohusetts- ,L Smith, 515 E. 11 Avenue, Denver, Colo. July 14-22. Mrs. Henry W. Peahody, Beverly, Mass. Dallas, Te;tas-Sept. 27-0et, 4. Mrs. L. P. Smith, 3319' Drexel Drive, Dallas, Texas. Baltimore, MMyland–October. Mrs. Henry Zoller, 1323 LaIlva.]e St., Baltimore, Md. De Dand, Florida-F'eb. 1-6. Mrs. John W. Smock, 320 N. Boulevard, De Land, Fla. Kerrville, Texas-July 27-Aug. 1. Mrs. J. L. Brock, Box 411, Bryan. Texas. Houstrm, Texas-Oct. 5-9. Mrs. J. W. Fincher, 1101 Kenwood Ave., Houston, Chautauqua, N. Y.-Aug. 23-29. Mrs. F. Texas. E. Adams, 2033 E. 88th St., Cleveland, Ohio. Illinoi8-Mi8souri (Greenville, Ill.)-June 16- 20. Mrs. J. D. Bragg, 638 Oakwood Ave., Not Yet Affiliated Webster Groves, Mo. Mills College Oakland, Califorl1ia-Jnne 20- Lake Geneva, Wi8consin-July 6-13. Mrs. 27. Mrs. Paul Raymond, 90 Santa :Monica C. W. Peterson, 11132 S. Hoyne Ave., Way, San Francisco, CaL Chicago, Ill. *** Minnesota (Minneapolis-St. Paul)-June 1- 5. Mrs. J. F. Marlatte, 419 Newton Ave., HOME MISSIONS INSTITUTE North, Minneapolis, Minn. Conducted by Mt. Herman, Ca.liforniar-July 4·11. Mrs. Paul Raymond, gO Santa Monica. Way, COU"CIL OF WOMEN FOil. HOME :MISSIONS San Francisco, California. Chantauqua, New Yo·rk-Ang. 15-21. Mrs. Moun,tain Lake Park, Maryland-July 29· John Ferguson, 156 Fifth Ave., New Aug. 4. Miss Susan C. Lodge, 1720. Arch York, N. Y. St., Philadelphia, Pa. NO'NeE New Orleans, Louisiana-Nov. 9-13. :Mrs. D. Beach Carre, 44 Andubon Boulevard, The 1925 Schools of Missions under the New Orleans, La. auspices of the Interdenominational Com· mittee of the Central West for Missions will Olelahoma City, Oklahoma-June 1-5. Mrs. be held as follows: Joseph Deupree, 1609 W. 19th St., Okla- homa City, Oklahoma.

St. Petersburg, Flor·ida-Jan. 18-23. Mrs. G. W. Cooper, 250 Fifth Ave., N., St. Petersburg, Florida.

Southern California (Los Allgeles)-June 1-5. Mrs. H. W. Crabb<l, 1135 W. 30th St., Los Angeles, Cal.

,Vilson College, Ch'ambersburg, Pa.-June 29-July 6. Miss Mary C. Peacock, '1'0['- I'esdale, P a.

Winona Lake, Indiana-.June 23-30. Mrs. C. W. Peterson, 11132 South Hoyne Ave., Chicago, Ill.

FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN EDITED BY EI,LA D. 1-IAc LAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK SOME REMARKABLE NEW BOOKS older women but among young w(}men who have suffered most in the lessen- By Luol' W .. PEABODY ing of the emphasis on prayer and who have known less of the earlier In all discussions regarding the movements and history of Boards Church and our missionary organiza- born of prayer. tions one feature is emphatically and continuously stressed. The Church Beautiful pictures of pioneers must come back to a greater emphasis brighten the pages of the book. One on spiritual power. Our materialistic reads in the lines of their faces the age has swept the Church along with victories won by devout and prayerit and we have given more emphasis ful lives. Let us make an effort to to organization and efficiency than to double the number in missionary the development of the spiritual life. study groups.

PRAYER AND MISSlONS.-At this BRAVE ADVENTURERS.-Our Junior moment comes our new textbook, by Study Book is by Katharine Scherer Helen Barrett Montgomery, who has Cronk, who is well known to readers given us five remarkable books. of the REVIEW and to the Federation, 'rhrough the twenty-five years of indeed to all of us who know the work United Study we have not failed to of Summer Schools. She has given note the great results which have come us this year a simple, yet profound through the spiritual efforts of our book for boys and girls which should .missionaries. Iow, for .the first time, have a far wider use than in small we are to spend a year in the study groups of juniors. If there is any and dh;covery of unlimited power re- possibility of introducing this study leased through prayer which is God's into our Sunday-schools we trust our method. H~ does not excuse us from leaders will find the way.. We mourn human effort. He appreciates every sometimes the decadence of youth. strong wise movement for building up Whose fault is it? Let us bring to His Kingdom but as He sees us losing our children today the old, old lessons our vision through the strenuous ef- that God has taught through all the fort we have had to make to secure ages. Let us teach them to pray and what seems to us necessary He calls show them the glory of this service us back to reconsider this, the might- through the lives of great men and iest factor, little used. Only as our women portrayed in the book "BRAVE powers are linked to His greatness ADVENTURERS. " The moral is in the can we succeed. story, not tagged on. The thread of conversation running through the Mrs. Montgomery has given us a book gives it unity. There will be an vision. In the first two chapters we interesting pamphlet, "Suggesti(}ns study the Biblical Practice and Teach- for Junior Leaders and Sunday ings. Then we are led out into mar- School Teachers," in which Mrs. velous illustrations of answered Cronk has gathered helps f,rom exprayers of our missionaries and our' perts in hand work and practical sugnew Christians in the Orient proving gestions, together with her own. We that "nothing lies beyond the reach hope this book will be taught in every of prayer except that tvhich lies out- one of our Schools of Missions. There side the will of God!. " is nothing to take its place. Make this a year of concentration on the Thousands of women who cannot Child. Here is the remedy for the join in the study of the book, might faults of 0111' age. Let us stop befind life changed by reading it quiet- wailing our times and begin to correct ly. Ve urge this year a great effort them with the aid of this book. on the part" of all Boards and leaders to introduce the book, not only among

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS

There are some beautifUl illustra- enough for the amount of work and tions running through the book, not money we are putting into this maga- only halftone pictures, but clever pen zine, not nearly enough for the and ink l'Iketches preceding each chap- Boards_ Our special offer for the ter and giving the Key Note. yea!", Five Subscriptions for Five PRAYERS POR LITTLE CHILDREN, by Dollars, has been appreciated and we IJuey W. Peabody, is the title of our have as a result fifteen hundred new third book which is for very little peo- subscribers. There should be at least ple. Even a child of two or three fifteen thousand more to enable us to years can be tanght to pray and enjoy maintain the magazine. There is no prayer. What are we doing to bring magazine in the world doing exactly these little ones to the Saviour who the work of Everyland in world blessed children like themselves' In friendship, educating boys and girls this tiny book are prayers for many of all lands through stories and beau- occasions, ",Vhen I Am Afraid," tiful pictures to respect each other , 'When Father and Mother Are and really to love each other, none Away," "Wben I Am Sick," "When that presents home and foreign mis- I -Wake Up," ",Vhen I Go to Sleep," sions in the same way. The hope of "On My Birthday," "On Christmas the world lies in this work for boys Day, " sixteen in all. They have been and girls. What are you doing to used with one little four-year-old who help?

calls for them &gain and again. When We have stories promised by Jean asked whirh he loved best, he said" I Mackenzie, Margaret Applegarth, think the one 'When I Am Afraid' Ruth Mason Rice, Janet Gargon, Julia and the one' vVhen I Am Naughty.' " Deane and many other favorites.

I f we can teach young and old to Short stories and the "EXCHANGE"

come to Christ when they are afraid by Mrs_ Cronk and the "BooKsHop"

and when they have done wrong we by Mrs. Billings.

shall have done something to help this We are announcing, and trust that poor old world. There is a book plate this announcement will be made by with lines for name and age. The all our missionary magazines, which missionary prayers may help PrimarY have been so appreciative and helpful, Teachers. our introductory offer of six numbers Weare hoping soon to announce a for fifty cents, beginning with the book along the lines of World Peace. double number, July-August, out We have not the title but the book June' 15th, and extending through by several well known authors is in December. Here is an opportunity to the making. This will be a discus- find out what EveryZ(Jlnd is. Many sion book containing considerable ma- will follow with a SUbscription for the terial and should be used in open coming year. If we can have your forums in every Summer School as a aid in securing a great number of preparation for leaders for similar these trial subscriptions we will do the discussion groups in the community. rest. One public library takes twen- This will not be a pacifist book, nei- ty-six copies of Everyland annually ther will it be a political book, but for use in its reading rooms. How it will take up the whole question of about your public library, your Sun- the possibilities of substituting law day-school classes, boys and girls in for war in a Christian and reasonable your own home, among your relatives way, in God's way_ Further an- and in your foreign, home and city nouncements will be made as the book mission fields ~ The magazine is en- progresses_ dorsed by the Foreign Missions Con- Everylattd – THE MAGAZINE OF ference of North America and the VORLD FRIENDSHIP FOR GIRLS AND statement in the Bulletin of the recent BoYs.-Wc are rejoicing in new sub- lfissionary Convention is that the scribers but there are still not nearly "magazine has no rival an this side

of the water." We would go a little Order from M. H. Leavis, West Medford, farther than that, and are highly Mass., or your Woman's Board. complimented that there is an imitation of Everyland in Great Britain Those who wish the story of twent~-five years of United Study with the program tor the w'hich has taken the same name. ~;t~eO~J;ni'i;o~~~g!ntoW~.s~~gi~~Vl~a~e:ta~eJ~ ",Ve touch in Everyland on great ford, Mass. Miss Leavls will also 'send sample rerorms, on the needs or our country ('opies of Everyland to any who are Interested. as well as life in every country of the world, made attractive through stories FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S of boys and girls. It is good for young peoplt' from eight to seventeen BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS years. Mrs. Cronk's .Bxchange calls OfBcen in the older group, and they have petitioned that the age limit be extend- President-Mrs. E. IL Silverthorn, New ed from sixteen to seventeen. Many York City.

of onr readers are high school students Vice-President-Mrs. W. F. McDowell, and many are boys and girls in our Washington, D. C_ Junior departments. Vice-Presi,lent-Mrs. Ernest Evans, New Do not fail us on this one children's' York City. magazine for all the churches and for all the countries of the world. You Recorliing SecretaTy-Miss Vernon HaJJi- day, New York City_ have not completed your missionary task until you have aSflumed respon- Treasurer-Mrs. DeWitt Knox, New York sibility for Everyland_ It does not City.

involve any Board in expense, only Executive Secretary-Miss Ella D. Macslight effort and frequent notices, and Laurin, New York City.

a place on the literature table at all Chairmen of Standing ComD1ittees your meetings. Christiarl Literat"re for Women ana Chi!- Prayer ana Mi-ssWIl8, by Helen Barrett dren in Mission Fierds-Miss Alice M. Montgomery. Paper covers, 50 cents, Kyle, Boston, Mass. postpaid; cloth covers, 75 cents, postpaid. Cent"al Committee on the United Study of Brave Adventurers, by Katharine Scherer Foreign Missions-Mrs. Henry W. Pea- Cronk. Paper covers, 50 cents, postpaid; body, Boston, Mass. cloth covers, 75 cents, postpaid. Church m.d Mi-ssionary J?ederati<Hls-Miss Prayers for Little People, by Lucy W. Pea- Carrie M. Kerschner, Philadelphia, Pa. body. Price, 25 cents. Conferences and Schoors of Missions-Miss How to Use. A pamphlet containil)g pro- Mary Peacock, TOlTesdale, Pa. grams and suggestions for the Senior book, Prayer and Missions, by Helen Bar- Day of Prayer for MissiOM–Mrs. H. B. rett Montgomery. Price, 15 cents. Montgomery, Rochester, N. Y.

Suggestions fO!' Junior Leaders and Sunday- Fore'ign Students in America–M:iss Mabelle Rae McVeigh, New York City. Schaal Teachers, by Katharine Scherer Cronk. Price, 15 cents. Internationa.l Institutions on the Foreign Field-Miss Margaret Hodge, New York City.

Method., of Work-Mrs. L. J. P. Bishop, New York City.

Student Work-Mrs. D. J. Fleming, Engle- wood, N. J.

By·Laws–Mrs. H. R. Steele, Nashville, Tenn.

HOME MISSION BULLETIN EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINL_N, 156 F'IFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK ABOUT OUR BOOKS twenty-one years, the last five of which have been under the regis of By EDITH H. ALLEN the Joint Committee on Home Mission Literature, composed of representa- From the report of the Committee on Study tives of the Missionary Education Courses of' the Council of Women for Home Movement and the Council of Women Missions of which Mrs. Allen has been chair- for Home Missions. n!an. as well A.B chairman of' the Joint Committee on Home Mission Lite-rature. We must take account of the impli- cations of growth; the need of flexi- And so we come to another turn in bility and power of response to the lengthening road of home mission service through the study books. It has been a widening way through

1925J WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLE'l'INS

emerging new circumstances and de- fomia. Suggestions to leaders will be mands, so that the books at the time published. of p~blication may be capable of presentmg our most vital thinking and For Intermediated: our best realizations. J'he complexity 3. "HIGH ~DVEN;URE," by P,icril Hess, faced also holds the challenge of our day-a time not at ease with itself Managmg EdItor of the Woman., Pres", but everywhere seeking somethino' former worker among Slavic industrial more satisfying to the sense of the e: workers in AUll3rica and a member of sentials of a more abundant life. the Prague Survey group. Suggestions to leaders will be pnblished. 'rhe Committee believes that to Por Juniors: know. love an d choose twhehictrhuei~ the beautiful and the good, the 4. "BETTER AMERICAKS, NUMBF-B THREE J'

goal of all such efforts, is a social by Herbert Wright Gates, Secretary 'of t~e Department of Missionary Educaprocess enlisting the whole of society hon of the Congregational Education Society. TJIe third and last volume in and the whole of the individual. The "'l'he Better America Series: Junior Home Mission Courses." General Committee has sought to help meet theme of this volume; How home mis- ~ion agencies have helped in the makthis by giving the best obtainable mg of a better America. Since the books of the Better America series are ('onception-an ideal of righteousness intended for teachers, no separate "Suggestions for Le':lders" will be in human relations-and to secure for issued.

these through the books the full pres- Proposals for the future include sure of ChrisHan consciousness and planning a three-year cycle for little dedication. children of the primary grade in The educational trend also of our which. will occur no distinction, geo- times is in line with its inner wistful- graphIcal or other-wise, between for- ness of seeking a more satisfying eign and home missions, and indeed course than the ready acceptance of no mention of such titles, the thought things poured in or the status quo of heing to interest the child in his world whatever sort, and so we have the col- reaching ont from him through the lege students-the youth out in the home and the community to the dis- stream of life – and the children tant unknown places, to other children through their leaders asking that ma- who are also of the family of the terial suited to the quickening of their Heavenly Father, thus creating a conpowers at the place and age where ~ciousness of unity and oneness with they are, be available. In response the children of other opportunities to such compulsions the expanded and other lands that will, it aisndhospeervd~ bear fruit in Kingdom love program, with its varied material fo!'" ice. It is expected that the secretaries the needs of folk of differing abgeees~ apprehensions and approach. has responsible for both foreign and home offered to the constituency. The sales mission seryice may assist in arrang- of books during 1924 totaled 149.843. ing the details of such a cycle and at The books for 1925-26 are: as early a date as possible.

For Adults and Young People: Xow that the three-year cycle of 1. "PEASANT PIONEERS." A study book on junior home mission courses in the the Slavs in America, by Kenneth D. Miller of the Board of National Mis- Better America series has been com- sions of the Preshyterian Church in the U. S. A., and former director of the pleted, it has been decided to earn· Jan Hus House, New York City' this plan of curriculum building int~ anthor of The Czecho·Slovak.. in .A me/ iea: Snggestions to leadprs will b,' the intermediate grade and it is pro- published. posed to issue in the spring of 1926 2. "FROM OVER THE BORDER," a stndy book on the Mexicans in the United States the first volume of a new three-year by Vernon McCombs, superintendent of intermediate c~'cle. The plan i~ to the Latin Arn'lrican Mission of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Cali· make the first yolume an historical study of the home mission enterprise in a form suitable for the use of boys and girls twelve to fourteen years old.

I t is strongly urged that leaders of Mrs. W .•f. Gruhlcr, Evangelical. .iunior groups continue their use of Mrs. C. E. Vickers, Friends. the Better America series of junior Mrs. Philip M. Rossman, Lutheran. Mrs. M. L. Copeland, Colored M. E.

courses, repeating the books with the Mrs. Mary L. Coleman, Free Methodist. younger children who have come up Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, M. E. into the junior classes and depart- Mrs. J. H. McCoy, M. E. So. ments. It is probable that no new Mrs. J. A. Macdonald, Presbyterian in Canada.

course book for juniors will be issued Mrs. W. C. Winsborough, Presby. in U. S. for several years. In the meantime it is planned to bring out some new Mrs. Fred S. Bennett, Presby. in U. S. A. books of stories for juniors to read on :Miss Grace Lindley, Protestant Episcopal. lIlrs. Tabor Knox, Reformed in Americ". Miss Alice E. Bell, United Brethren.

themes that are appropriate. Fuller Recording Secretary-Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz, announcements regarding these read- Reformed in U. S. ing books will be made later. Treasurer-Mrs. OITin R. .1 udd, Baptist. Perhaps it will not be amiss to re- Exemtiive Secretary – Miss Florence E.

Quinlan.

iterate as a motivating influence the Executive Supervisor, Migra,nts – Mis s whole-hearted conviction of the Committee that back of the turmoil and Laura H. Parker. .

A.88ista,nt Treasurer-1nss G. Evelyn Morse.

social restlessness of our times is a Members-at-Large very real desire for that which more Mrs. George W. Colema.n, Mrs. Wilbur P. deeply satisfies-for spiritual realities Thirkield, Mrs. John S. Allen.

and values-a craving for more of Committees and Chairmen Christian reality in our national institutions and the more abundant life Adm,ini8tra,tive~Mrs. John Ferguson. for the individual; the conviction also St"dy CouTse8 and Literat'ure-Miss E. Jes· that not only is our day restless, it is sie Ogg. Day of l'myer fo)" Missio!l.8-Mrs. S. S.

urgent-it cannot, will not wait to Hough. seize something of promise for the Schools of Miss;ons-}.frs. Philip M. Ross· fever of its needs. In view of this, the home mission literature, with its man. Chauta"qua-Mrs. .J ohn Ferguson. Women's Church and Missionary Federa.· immense reach and influence, must tions-Miss Carrie M. Kerschner. not fail of its utmost ministry, not only to those upon whom rests the Student Worlc-M'ss Elinor K. Purves. burdens of mature life and service Legislative Matters-Mrs. Samuel Semple. Farm and Cannery Migrants-Mrs. William B. Ollver.

today, but even more insistently must Committees with Home Missions it reach the youth of our land, saying to them on behalf of the Church and Council Home Missions, , ,We recognize you Joint A dminist"ati,'e–Mrs. John Ferguson as heirs of America and of the Alaska-Dr. L. O. Baird. Blind-Miss Irene Haislip.

Church's future. and as such would Chumh B11,i1(linf!~Mr. Joseph S. Wis.,. share with you what we know of your Citie., Ilnd Urban Iit'dustrial Relations-Dr. inheritance and would see your torch lighted by Him who is the Light of William P. Shriwr.

Financial anri Fiduciary Matters – Dr. Charles L. White.

Life and of nations." Hebreu·s-Dr. .Tohn S. Conning. Indian Missions–Dr. T,homas C. Moffett. COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME Literature and PUblicity-Rev. Coe Hayne.

MISSIONS Migrant Gro"ps~Rev. Ralph S. Adams. Officers Mormonism-Dr. J<~dward Laird Mills. Negro Americans-Rev. Fred L. Brownlee.

Pre..iaent-Mrs. John Ferguson, United J)Jew Americmt8–Rev. Thomas Burgess.

Presbyterian. Orientals and Hawa,iians-Dr. George L.

Yic'e-President-at-Larqe-Mrs. F. W. W~l· Cady.

cox, Congregational. Recruiting-Miss Elinor K. Purves.

V;CC-PTIJsiilents- Spanish-Spea7,;ill'g-Mrs . •T. W. Dowwl.

Miss Nannie H. Burroughs, National Standa.rdization-Dr. Warren H. Wilson.

Bal,tist. TowiV and Country (including Mountaineer8) Mrs. Athelia M. Howsare, Christian. -Dr. Edmund deS. Brunner.

Miss Daisy June Trout. West IndieS-Rev. C. S. Detweiler.

FROM .MANY

INDIA cushion in the middle of the thorns. A girl had what seemed to be a stick The All-India Christian Conference stuck right through her cheeks and on each cheek realistic smearings of T HE eleventh session of the All- blood; but as I was returning home I India Christian Conference which found her washing off the gum and met in Bombay last December strong- blood marks and found that she had ly protested against the ordinance ingeniously fastened a stick on each passed in South Africa, depriving side of her face and by sucking in Indians of municipal franchise in her cheeks made it appear that one Natal. It welcomed the plan to hold stick was stuck through both cheeks. a unity c(}nference in Delhi for In- 1 spoke to her about the deception dians of differing religious beliefs; it and she said, 'We must do something also appro'led of the All-Parties Conference unitedly working for self- for our stomachs.' " government in India. . Resolutions were passed in: favor of prohibition New Attitude of SwaraJists of alcoholic liquors and protests were I T is reported from India, according made against the persecution of to the Continent, that much of the Christians by non-Christian relatives terrorism and turbulence which have and neighbors. The place of women been so prevalent in the land for sevin church councils was recognized, eral years has died down. The presand the need of educated, unselfish ent era of bettcr feeling, following Indian Christian leaders was empha- some drastic actions in October by the Government, including arrests of sized.

Hindu Sacred Festival scores of agitat(}rs, was ushered in during November by publication of a THE annual festival of the god Swarajist manifesto in The Indian Gurunathan in the town of .An- Review. This declaration, published tbiyur, South India, gave the workers over the signatures of l1ahatma of the Ceylon and India General Mis- Gandhi, C. R. Das and Pundit Moti- sion a great opportunity to preach lal Nehru, was in effect a definite the Gospel and to sell many Bible por- abandonment of the outstanding tions. One of tbem, Mr. Merriweather, policy of the Swarajists. It stated writes not only of this opportunity that while swaraj or home rule is tut also of some of the deceptions "the goal (}f all the parties in India,"

practised upon the people: "As merit the country is divided into different is acquired by the giving of alms, the groups which apparently have been town is besieged with beggars during working in contrary directions, the festival days. There are holy beggars result being an antagonism which has and crippled beggars, lazy beggars retarded progress toward swaraj. Ac- and dirty beggars, and all seated by cordingly, the leaders recommended the roadsides asking alms. The more that non-cooperation be suspended as a man torments himself, the holier he a national program. The exception seems to b<1 in the eyes of the pe(}ple, called for by the manifesto is that the and therefore the better able to add people continue to refuse to use cloth to the merit of one giving to him. made outside of India and make ef- One man is seen lying on a heap of forts to promote native hand spin- thorns; but when he went for his ning. Swaraj as a principle is widely food he forgot to take away the soft regarded as on the whole a helpful 397

IllOYClllcnt in India as traiuing for lislled bv Hey. John U. Lowrie. Dr. self-government where subservience VeIte re'views the outstanding events and dependence on others has been of the last three decades as the union the r1l1e for thousands of years. of Presbyterian churches in India into one church, known as the Presby- Christian Marriage Problems terian Church of India; the great re- vival in 1905 which began in the ASPECIAL committee reported at Khassia hills' in Assam and from the meeting of the Punjab Chris- there spread throughout India; and tian Council on a prohlem which has the adoption by the mission of the been stated as follows: "A certain "Saharanpur plan" by which the number of Indian girls are refraining work of the mission is transferred to from, or indefinitely delaying, mar- a board or committee on which the riage. While the number of such Indian Church and the mission have girls is small, it is growing to an ex- equal representation. A committee tent that merits the serious attention has been appointed by the missions of the Christian community. A few to draw up a program for the next Indian Christian girls are marrying ten years.-The Continent. outside the Christian community." MOllle:m1l and the Y. M. C. A. Among various causes for this state of affairs the committee pointed out FOR two years Mohammed's birththese: day has been celebrated in the city Y. M. C. A. of Bangalore by the Mos- Owing t~ a deficiency in the supply, there lem students of the Wesleyan Mission is a relatively greater demand for the serv- High School. The celebration took ices of young women of given qualifications place 0 n Sunday afternoon and than for those of young men of equal quali- caused considerable criticism because fil'ations. This results in the offer to young the Y. M. C. A. had permitted its WOlllell of comparatively higher pay. Mm'- auditorium to be used for this pur- riage~ therefore, sometimes represents to pose. The oppositiON was not due to the girl an actual financial sacrifice. a narrow or unfriendly attitude toward Mohammedans but to the fact 'rhe average girls' school is of a type that Moslems themselves would missuperior to the a.verage boys' Bchool, as ,'e- understand the concession as minigarcls teaching staff, contact between mizing the vital difference between teachers and pnpils, and general supervision Mohammed and Christ. -it is, in short, more efficient. It fOllows, therefore, that the girls receive more care- Work for Criminal Tribes ful training than the boys of the same social group. THE progress t~ward not only de- cent, but even Christian, living Ninety Years of Work in India which has been made in the Criminal Tribes Settlement is one of the most AT Ludhiana, India, in the Punjab striking stories told by the Marathi Mission, October 15, 1924, a serv- Mission of the American Board in ice was held in commemoration of the Bombay Presidency. Under the dininetieth anniversary not only of the rection of its Madura Mission in Punjab Mission, but of the whole South India, half a million people of foreign mission enterprise of the the Kallal' caste are SUbmitting them- Presbyterian Church U. S. A. Dr. H. selves to Christian guidance and in- C. Velte, veteran missionary to struction. By arrangement with the India, stationed at Saharanpur, in Government, which pays for the land, writing of the ninety years' work, buildings and most of the work, while points out that while the Syria Mis- the Board furnishes the missionary sion is older than the Punjab Mission, oversight and the training of the the work in Syria was begun by the teachers, seventy village schools have American Board. It was in 1834 that the Presbyterian Church assumed definite responsibility for the preaching of the Gospel to non-Christian peoples outside the 'Gnited States. The work at Ludhiana was estab-

1925J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

been opened, by the Madura Mission; through the council sessions. The while fifty of the more promising third woman, Miss Harriet R. Macchildren have been placed in boarding Curdy of H waiyuen, was not able to schools. Churches are springing up attend. During the council meeting, on many sides, and a strong evan- however, it was felt that perhaps the gelistic work is under way. The Kal- action in coopting these women memlal's are the hereditary robber caste of bers had been too hasty and was not South India; hitherto they have con- entirely legal, as changes of this kind sidered it honorable to make their usually have to go down to the misliving by predatory ways. The ('m- sions and be voted upon during the phasis is placed upon agriculture and year. So not until the votes are the trades in order to inculcate hard counted next year will the women work and self-support, and the people delegates know whether or not they are responding with surprising alac- are full members of the China Counrity. At Hubli, in Bombay Presi- cil.-The Continent. dency, a criminal tribes settlement, which has been carried on since 1920 Value of "D. V. B. S." in China by the S. P. G., now has 2,300 people. Rev. C. M. Edwards writes: "There THE important work being done in are three children's homes at Hubli, certain places in China by the each managed by an Indian Christian Daily Vacation Bible Schools has ocand his wife, and no home contains casionally been reported in the Remore than fifteen children. These at- view. It has now been officially tend the Settlement day school, and announced that over 100,000 illiterate their home life is in a Christian at- boys and girls are enrolled at these mosphere. We hope and pray that schools in China, 40 per cent of them they may grow up to be leaders of being from bandit homes. These little their people. " Orientals not only crowd the schools but have shown their gratitude by CHINA con,tributing the equivalent of $175 United States money, that children in Women in China Council thei,r own and other lands may share their privileges. This unselfish offer- THE China Council, which is com- ing so touched the heart of a New posed of one representative each York business man that he sent in his from the North China, Central China, check to duplicate the gift. The work Kiangan, Hun an, South China, of the Association has a firm foothold Hainan and Yunnan Missions of the in China, as evidenced by the fact Presbyterian Church and two repre- that the natives themselves have paid sentatives from the big Shantung half the cost and 6,460 Chinese stu- Mission, meets at stated intervals to dents have volunteered as teachers. consider the problems which are con- 'fhere are now 2,072 such schools in tinually arising in the work of the China, held in mission chapels, mismissions. Heretofore the council rep- sion schools and even in Buddhist and resentatives have been men, but this Confucian temples. The reports of year it was decided to include ttree the Association show that among 60,- women. Miss Margaret Moninger 000,000 Chinese children for whom was elected from Hainan, and was there are no educational facilities, able to attend the council sessions be- the Vacation Bible Schools have done cause unsettled conditions in Hainan much to reduce illiteracy and improve since the death of Rev. George D. By- social conditions. ers have made it necessary to discontinue for the time much of the Evangelism in Prison mission work. Mrs. Margaret A. Frame, principal of the girls' high THREE Chinese evangelists from school at Tengchow, was the second the various chapels in Peking visit woman member, and she also sat the model penitentiary outside one of

the city gates every Saturday aftcr- Suspicion attached to a little group noon. The chaplain at the prison, of men who were found on the doorwhom the Chinese call "Teacher of step of a chapel. These people, when Morality," is a very earnest Chris- i.nterrogated, declared themselves to tian, a former army officer under be Christians, and the policemen were General Feng, the Christian generaL somewhat nonplused for a moment, When the evangelists come to the because they did not wish to get into prison the prisoners are gathered trouble for arresting Christians, who in their workshops to listen to the were usually supposed to be good peothirty-minute sermon. After the ple. But their native ingenuity came service the preachers are allowed quickly to their rescue, and, ordering to talk freely with individual pris- the suspects into the chapel, they reoners. There are .500 prisoners quested them to conduct a service. and seventy guards, all of whom are The result was so grotesque that the supplied with New Testaments by the yamen runners marched the whole Pocket Testament League. Many are group off to prison without further members of Bible classes and recently delay. seventy-six asked for baptism. That a man is confined in a prison in China Buddhist Nun. Baptized does not necessarily mean that he is a criminaL Many men in the model MISS E. K. SAUNDERS, C. M. S. penitentiary are there for political missionary in Canton, reports reasons, having in some way offended that early last year foul' Buddhist' the "powers that be" in China. nuns, one of whom was an abbess, Others are young men who have been were received into the women's school. led astray. But some of the most Canton. They had heard of Chrisdesperate characters serving a life tianity through the faithful preachsentence in the prison are among ing of a Bible woman working in the those who have been converted.-The country district in which their con- Continent. vent was situated; and when oppor- tunity presented itself these four Hallelujah a Password women came to the school, while three children, who were also being I T has been reported from China in trained as nuns, went to the C. M. S. World Dominion (London) that Victoria Home, Kowloon. Most of when at the end of October General the nuns had been in the convent Feng made himself master of Peking, since babyhood, and had known no a lady who wanted to enter the city other life. "The day they came to was stopped by the soldiers of the us," writes Miss Saunders, "will not "Christian Army." In her perplex- easily be forgotten. Dressed as men, ity a brilliant idea came to her; she their heads closely shaven, strict vegeshouted, "Hallelujah!" and the guard tarians – one wondered how long immediately stood to attention and let would be needed to change the habits her pass. "Those who know the Chi- of years. .'. . On November 23d we nese," comments the narrator, "will had the joy of seeing three of these agree that the story is probably quite women confess Christ's Name in baptrue. There is a serio-comic element tism before a crowded congregation in the Chinese make-up which is al- in our Chinese Church of Our together delightful, and possibly the Saviour." soldiers appreciated the humor of the situation. " Bible Students in Y. M. C. A.

A further illustration of this trait OUT of a total membership of 26,- in Chinese character may be found in 000 in the Y. M. C. A. 's of China, the following story: Some wrong- 17,000 are enrolled in about 1,000 doers were wanted by the Chinese Bible classes. In the City of Hanyamen runners in a certain district. chow there are 2,100 enrolled for

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 40'1

Bible study, and out of that number military of our city are importing 1,800 attended every session during opium to sell openly on our streets. the year. The ehurches received No one dares raise a voice in protest, 1,300 students from Y. M. C. A. Bible only the Christian Church under its classes for baptism last year. China's foreign protection, but even then the first Y. M. C. A. was formed in Tien- Christians fear persecution at the tsin in 1896, because in those days hands of soldiers. With a mountain that was the only Chinese city with of difficulty like this before us we modern schools. A debating society need to combine our Christian forces, was organized first among a g,roup of and do more than we have. Natustudents. Many of China's leading rally we look with eager eyes for the statesmen today first learned to speak day when our churches at home will in public in this little Y. M. C. A. vision the terrific world need of today The next move was to establish a and unite their forces to combat what Bible class consisting of eight or nine we can never overcome divided as we members. Out of that number the are into so many and often hostile first gave his whole time from 1900 camps." till 1910 to fighting scientifically the opium curse. No.2 became a famous JAPAN.KOREA engineer. Four of the others became the first chairmen of the National Christianity in Japanese Schools Committee and of the Associations in Tientsin, Hongkong and Shanghai TEN years ago nothing seemed resp ectively. more improbable than the opening of the Japanese government schools Cooperation in Szechwan to Christian influence. They were sedulously guarded against all reli- REV. ARCHIBALD G. ADAMS, gious teaching. Today the schools are of the American Baptist Mission openly and gladly accepting Chrisat Kia tin g, Szechwan Province, tian literature. Fourteen hundred of writes to the Christian Century of the them, aU above primary grade, with cooperative missionary work that is an aggregate enrolment of 400,000 being done in that far-inland city: students, are receiving and reading "Three missions, representing as with the full knowledge and consent many denominations and nationalities of their principals some 50,000 copies at work in this one city. have been a month of a Christian paper, the organized into a Christian (;Ouncil fOl: Myojo ("Day Star"), published by over two years, and have clone a h,t the Christian Literature Society of of work together. Besides union Japan. The demand for the papers is meetings once a month, with bi- steadily growing year by year. This monthly communion services to- society has found itself obliged, gether, we have monthly business from sheer lack of funds, to limit its meetings ancl our sub-organizations, efforts to the higher grade schools and like the pastoral and edncational com- some few primary schools who were mittees, have fortnightly meetings. fortunate enough to get on the list. Every year we conduct a union evan- Other appeals come in f.rom many of gelistic campaign. Jail visitation is the more than 25,000 primary schools, done together, evangelistic work dur- but are met with the dishearteningreing heathen festivals is conducted in ply, "impossible." To meet this diffiunison, :fire and famine relief by QO- culty a committee, headed by Bishop operation, publishing sheet tracts is a Tucker of Kyoto, decided to see that union task, and now we are together every primary school in the country inaugurating a campaign against the had at least one chance to read and planting, selling and smoking of consider Christ's message to the opium, which has of late made seri()Us world. This committee has offered to inroads. To line their pockets the send a few copies of the Day St(#" each month to every principal who 5

wishes to read them himself, or to heads of families receive the frandistribute them to his staff. The com- chise. mittee has now completed the first circularization of Japan's 25,000 pri- Gospels for Tokyo Schools mary schools and more than 1,800 applications for the paper have been THE remarkable opportunity that received-an. average of 150 schools came to the National Sundaya month! Clearly a great oppor- school Association of Japan to give tunity is offered and yet the treasury Christian teaching in the public is quite empty. In each of the 25,000 schools of Tokyo was described in the schools is a staff of educated men and REVIEW for May, 1924. Already one women teachers who will mould the hundred schools are supplied with in- (]haracters of the rising generation. structors but they cannot go oftener They can teach only what they know, than once a month. Money to supand the great majority know little of port more secretaries would enable God, and Christianity is a mere hear- more schools to be reached and more say to them. To send the paper to frequently than once a month. Rethese 1,800 schools costs more than cently 12,000 copies of nicely illus- Y90 ($45) per month. The only re- trated Gospels and Acts printed in sources are the regular contributions Japanese were contributed by a of friends who sympathize with this friend through the London Scripture form of mis~ionary endeavor. Gift Mission for distribution among the students in the public schools of Make your check payable to the Tokyo. These were given to the rep- Rev. J. J. Chapman, Treasurer, resentative of the 'Vorld's Sunday- Karasumaru D 0 r i, Shimotachiuri, s c h 0 0 1 Association, H 0 rae e E. Kyoto, Japan. Coleman, the Educational Secretary in Japan, who recently returned to Manhood Suffrage for Japan Japan after having completed his furlough. BOTH Houses of the Japanese Diet passed on March 29 the Universal Memorial to Dr. Hepburn Manhood Suffrage bill by large majorities after heated debates and after AT A meeting of presbytery in a compromise had been reached by Japan in the spring of 1924, the joint committees of both Houses as to late Dr. Uemura told of a man in amendments, thus averting a Cabinet Yok~hama, a classmate of his, whom crisis which had been impending. Dr. Hepburn had befriended and had recommended to a foreign business Both Houses took a standing vote. firm. The young Japanese embezzled In the Upper House there were only and was put in prison. Dr. Hepburn three dissenting votes, but in the helped and trusted him after he was Lower House the Seiyuhonto Party, released, and later he became a in a block, opposed the bill. The suf- wealthy man. The Shiloh Church in frage bill, as passed by the Diet in Yokohama, the first Presbyterian what will be recorded in Japanese church in Japan, which was burned history as an epoch-making session, after the earthquake, is being rebuilt extends the f,ranchise to about 14,- at a cost of $125,000, and $75,000 of 000,000 voters, whereas scarcely more the amount has been given by this than 3,000,000 persons have cast their same man as a memorial to Dr. Hepballots in any previous election in burn. •Japan. As finally adopted, the bill grants the franchise to all male sub- A Missionary Hortienlturist jects of 30 years of age and above, excepting persons who have been con- THE Board of Foreign Missions of victed of crime or are dependent the Presbyterian Church in the for support upon private or public U. S. A. sent D. N. Lutz to Korea in charity. In the case of peers, the 1921 to teach agriculture in connec-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tion with the Pyengyang College and fields. We confidently expect that Academy. Since his arrival he has this experiment will serve as a wholegiven his time to language study and some ineentive to the other missions, to the study of agricultural conditions. so that eventually we shall have One of the first things to attract his group graded lessons extending horticultural eye was the apple or- throughout the Islands." chards in northern Korea. Twentyfive years ago Dr. Swallen began to Two Missionary Heroines plant apple trees in Pyengyang. Soon the bare hills of the mission compound K USIAE has been for more than became a garden in early spring, and seventy years a famous name in a still more beauteous sight in the records of the efforts made by the autumn. The Koreans were not long American Board to win the South in following our example, especially Sea Islands for Christ. The Misses the church officers. Now scattered Baldwin remain in charge, under the over the province are hundreds of "Woman's Board, though it has been orchards giving much promise for the ,Japanese territory since the war. future. But within late years a dis- They run a boarding school of sixtyease similar to black-rot has threat- five boys and girls, the highest school ened to wipe out these orchards. Mr. in Micronesia, a little coral stone Lutz has given much time to the church, and several chapels. Three study of this disease which be believes quarters of the Kusaiens are Chriscan be controlled. By request he went tians. These two educated, cultured to the country in February and gave womt'n have worked there fourteen practical instruction for four days on years since their last furlough. One the care of trees, and other subjects, sister built the cement reservoir and to fifty farmers. This extension work, a typhoon house for the protection of so valued by the Christian farmers, the school. They have translated and bids fair to become the most pressing printed Scriptures, hymns, and school and possibly the most important part books with type enough to print only of Mr. Lutz's work. one page at a time. They have never taken a dollar of salary, and have ISLANDS OF THE SEA even paid many of the expenses of the work themselves. Their spirit in Filipino Graded S. S. Lessons their work is shown in the following quotation: F OR the first time in the history of Sunday-school work in the Philip- W'hoever comes here must not be simply pine Islands, group g;raded lessons a teacher. They must be those who love have been printed in the Tagalog Christ and their work for Him so much tha.t dialect. Rev. A. L. Ryan, representa- they are not oppressed by the isolation. We tive of the World's Sunday School never think of it for we love the people Association and also General Secre- and have so many things that we have to tary of the Philippine Islands Sun- do that there is no time left to be lonely. day School Union, in sending to headquarters copies of the lessons for Hawaiian Prohibition Debate the first six months of 1925, wrote: "This is a small beginning, but we EIGHT students, representing hope that it is an omen of better and eight races in Hawaii, recently larger things to follow. The special competed in an oratorical contest on children's lessons on the group the subject of Prohibition, which atgraded plan are already meeting with tracted wide attention and interest. a very favorable response from both The first prize, $100, was won by missionaries and Filipino workers. Francis Sato, a Japanese, whose sub- These two J oumals in Tagalog and ject was, "Why the Prohibition Law Ilocano are used in the Methodist, Will Stand." To Kim Fau Chong, a Presbyterian and United Brethren Chinese, was awarded the second prize of $50 given by the W. C. T. U. for an oration entitled "World-Wide

Prohibition. " The third prize was prevented as .far as possible, that comwon by Dorothy Anderson, who spoke bined action of the states should dis- on "Prohibition's Challenge to Amer- courage hasty marriages across the icans. " It consisted of $25 given by state border, that the fee system of the service men through the army and marriage licenses should be abolished navy Y. M. C. A. The contest re- and licenses issued by salaried officeived wide publicity in the news- cials, that better requirements should papers, and the Star-Bulletin com- be made in proof of age and greater mented : "As always, this contest care exercised in the scrutiny of affivividly illustrates the poly-racial citi- davits, and-a very important prozenship of Hawaii and the brightest vision-that there should be a promise o·f Hawaii's youth. Looking harmonizing of the different state at the names of the speakers one sees laws in which a minimum age is rerepresentatives of Anglo-Saxon, Por- quired. "The minimum marriageable tuguese, Hawaiian, Japanese and age, " says the report, "should not be Chinese blood. All of them are stu- lower than the minimum working age, dents at territorial high schools or and the compulsory school attendance academies. One question asked by age should fit into both these others. " almost every tourist is, 'Do you think that the young Orientals here can be Interdenominational Conference made into good American citizens ~' The answer ,is clear to anyone who at- THE third annual conference of the tended the oratorical contest." Interdenominational Foreign Mis- sion Association of North America is NORTH AMERICA to be held from ,Jnly 215th to August 10th, inclusive, at Stony Brook, Long C.hild Marriages in ADlerica Island, New York. Further informa- tion may be had from Rev. Joseph B. T HAT there are now in the United Davis, 113 Fulton Street, New York. States close to 700,000 persons who This Association, of which Dr. Henry were married when they were under W. Frost is president, includes foursixteen years of age or were married teen independent, evangelical misto children under sixteen, is the ap- sions, working in Africa, South palling fact brought out by recent in- America, Central America, China, vestigations made under the direction India and Ceylon, and Japan. Their of the Russell Sage Foundation. The total annual incomes were approxi- Foundation has just completed a mately $1,500,000 last year. They study of the whole problem of child support over 1,700 missionaries who marriages which extended into 90 are working among about 43,000,000 cities and towns, and reports are now non-Christians. In a large number being issued which discuss the details of these fields, pioneer work is carried of the problem and present construc- on among peoples unreached by other tive proposals for remedying the evangelical agencies. situation. According to these reports the worst conditions exist in small Student Y. M. C. A. Declaration towns and ;rural districts. THE following statement of the First among the remedies proposed purpose of the Student Associaby the Foundation's report are the tions, which was adopted at the Inpassing and enforcement of a mini- ternational Convention of 1922, is the mum marriageable age law. The re- basis on which over 700 StUdent Asport says that this should not be less sociations are carrying on their work. than sixteen, whereas in many states Membership in a College Association it is still at twelve. Other proposals shall be limited to those who declare are that five days' notice should be themselves to be in sympathy with .required of intention to marry-a re- this statement of purpose, and willing quirement now made in eight states~ to make it their personal program of that the exploitation and commercial- allegiance and service. ization of marriages should be

1925J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

1. To lead students to faith in God Interracial Student Groups A through Jesus Christ. 2. To lead them into membership and N INTERESTING feature of the service in the Christian Church. Interracial Movement in the 3. To promote their growth in Christian South has been the organization of Faith and Cha.raeter, especially through the interracial student gcroups in a num- study of the Bible and Prayer. ber of college centecrs, by which white 4.T'o influence them to devote themselves and colored students are brought toin united effort with all Christians to mak- gether at regular intervals for the ing the will of Christ efl'eetive in human exchange of views and the promotion society, and to extending the Kingdom of of understanding. The results have God throughout the world.

been gratifying in every case. Mis- ANAn Information Service apprehensions have been cleared up, INFORMATION service for knowledge has taken the place of foreigners has been established at rumor and preconception, and con- 119 West Forty-first Street, New fidence and goodwill have supplanted York, to! "interpret America to the suspicion and prejudice. The followimmigrant to America." This serv- ing story shows how the plan works: ice cooperates with clubs, libraries, At an early meeting this year of the sO<Jial settlements, churches, societies Atlanta group, made up of students and other agencies by supplying them f.rom three white and three colored (at ten dollars a year) with bulletins colleges, the question of higher eduon la,ws affecting aliens, American cation for Negroes was raised. One customs and with other helpful in- white student very frankly said that formation. A monthly "Interpreter" he did not believe in it; he thought is also published, containing articles it unnecessary and undesirable. He and stories relating to the foreign- was asked to bring in at the succeedborn and an "Editorial Digest" of ing meeting a paper in support of his articles from the foreign language view, while a colored student was press in America. Among the bul- asked to prepare a pap& on the other letins published are those dealing side. With much interest the group with immigration bills, the quotas, looked forward to the expected denaturalization, .requirements for im- bate. At the next meeting of the commigrants, schools for immigrant stu- mittee, the white student was called dents, Easter, Thanksgiving and upon for his paper. He replied, "I Christmas customs, etc. These papers haven't any. When I began to look are a great help in promoting into the subject, I found I was Wholly friendly understanding between mistaken. My views are completely Americans and their foreign-born changed."

brothers and sisters.

Jewish-ChristiaD Communion T C New York Lutheran Unity HRISTIANS of all denominations HE New York ministerium, the were invited by the Hebrew New York synod, and the evan- Christian Alliance of Chicago to en- gelical synod of New York and New joy a unique communion service in England, the three bodies in which the Auditorium of the Moody Bible the various Lutheran churches of the Jnstitute on "Holy Thursday," April state of New York are' gathered, 9, 1925, at 7: 45 P. M. Rev. Solomon have agreed upon a tentative consti- Birnbaum, president of the Chicago tion for a merger. The constitution branch of the Hebrew Christian Alliis to be sent to the pastors of the 365 ance and director of the Jewish Mis- Lutheran churches that are members sions course at the Moody Bible of the three present bodies. After a Institute was to preside, and ad- period of study it will be voted on. dresses were to be delivered by Rev.

If adopted, the merger will be com- Max L Reich, the Alliance president, pleted. and Rev. James M. Gray, D.D., presi-

dent of the Institute. The Institute ing it. According to Rev. W. A. choir furnished special music and Squires, director of ,""1eek-day Re- Hebrew and Gentile Christians to- ligious Instruction of the Presbygether surrounded a communion terian Board of Christian Education, table. from 85 to 100 per cent of public school pupils are enrolled in week-day Buddhists in Salt Lake City religious schools when permission is given to have them during public F rYE thousand Japanese in the school hours. If the religious schools intermountain dist,rict of Idaho, must be held after the other school Wyoming, Nevada and Utah, find has been dismissed, the attendance is their rallying place in Salt Lake much smaller. Catholics, Jews and City. This, the center of Mormon Protestants in most communities unite domination, is also the home of a mag- in giving this extra religious instrucnificent Buddhist temple, and is the tion. center for Buddhist activity for the four states. Rev. K. Tajima, Presby- Training Indian Leaders terian missionary, traveled a total of 1,500 miles last year by automobile, THE Tucson I n d ian Training train, horseback and by foot. In a School, conducted by the Presbyvillage 10,000 feet above sea level in terian Board of National Missions at an isolated district he found a Sun- Escuela, Arizona, has an enrollment day-school .pupil who sang lustily, this year of eighty-four girls and "Oh, how I love Buddha, 011, how I seventy-eight boys. "Our normal love Buddha, because he first loved capacity," writes :Mr. Walker, "is me." A Japanese Buddhist said, seventy-five boys and seventy-five "The children of the intermountain girls. So we are overcrowded. But states will be Christians if the Chris- it is hard to turn boys and girls away tian Church wants them." Even when they come begging to be re- Buddhist parents want their children ceived, and their rejection means that in Christian Sunday-schools.-The they are denied all opportunity for Continent. self-improvement. One feels Eke an executioner when he turns down such Week.Day Religions Education pleas, but· this has been necessary in more than a score of cases this year. " E FFORTS are being made in seven He continues: "The impact which states by all denominations to this school has made upon these Inmake it possible for public school au- dians was gloriously demonstrated in thorities to dismiss classes so that a four-day camp meeting which I atpupils whose parents wish it may re- tended. I have never heard such good ceive religious instruction in the singing, such prompt and numerous church of their choice during school responses in testimonies of Christian hours. This plan of week-day church experience . . . . .. The mental capacschools is in operation in twenty-three ity of the Indians there ,vas. best states on public school time. In cer- shown by the Indian interpreters. tain other states, however, legal au- They would listen to a sermon given thorities have declared that school in English and after a thirty-minute boards and officials do not have au- sermon had been finished they would thority to dismiss pupils for such in- give it in Indian hardly omitting a struction. Bills therefore have been single detail." presented in the legislatures of Pennsylvania, California, Washington, Chinese Lose Faith Here Idaho, North Dakota, Indiana and Oklahoma, seeking to remedy this THE importance of winning for situation and to permit such use of Christ the Ori,mtal students who public school time if the denomina- are in this country has peen emphations in the communities unite in ask- sized recently in the REVIEW. A new

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

view of the question, to the effect that tricts almost untouched by Spanish Chinese Christian students lose their civilization or the Roman Catholic faith while in the United States, is religion. In one section he counted given in a widely quoted dispatch to tribes speaking five distinct dialects the Boston Transcript from a corres- and fe,w of these people could under- pondent in Peking, China. He quotes stand Spanish. In another dist,rict Y. M. C. A. secretaries and church were a good many villages, inhabited workers in that capital as so discour- solely by the descendants of African aged on account of the effect of Amer- slaves, and most of these were "as ican church life on Chinese studying black as any Negroes who ever picked in this country that "they are con- cotton on a Southern plantation."

sidering the desirability of working at home rather than abroad during Work for Mexican Cavelllen R the years immediately ahead." It is EV. E. B. VARGAS, presiding elder of the Chihuahua District, reported as the consensus of opinion among missionaries in Peking "that Mexico, under the M. E. Church far more students go to the United South, writes: "For some time the States as Christians and return non- District of Chihuahua has been feel- Christians than leave China non- ing keenly the need of opening work Christian and return Christian." A among the Indians. They number graduate of Hartford Theological something like from thirty to forty Seminary, Mr. C. S. Chang, at pres- thousand and live just like the wild ent working in Peking, is quoted as men of centuries ago. Due to the saying that it would be difficult for shortage of money in the Mission him to name ten young returned stu- Board, we were not able to start the dents in the Peking district who are work last yeacr after the Conference taking active part in Chinese Chris- adjourned at Saltillo, as it was neces- tian enterprises. sary to employ two workers instead of one. But we knew that the Lord was LATIN AMERICA able to help, and so we prayed ear- Touring in Southern Mexico nestly that he would open the way, and during our district conference in A T THE annual meeting of the Chihuahua, we met to pray over the Mexico Mission of the Southern matter, and the workers determined Presbyterian Church, Rev. Mr. Wil- to open the field of their own account. liamson told of riding many days on 'Ve immediately secured a Mexican horseback through his territory, a Christian lady to start a small school large part of the state of Guerrero. in the mountains and to visit the caves On one trip with an agent of the where the Indians live, as preliminary American Bible Society, the supply of work which will be carried on until Bibles, tracts and Scriptucre portions we are able to intensify this mission. was exhausted long before they ary activity." reached all of the villages they had planned to visit. Nearly everywhere Brazilian Sunday-Schools they were warmly received. In many places seed sown many years ago was I N Brazil, the Sunday-school is for bearing fruit, though in some in- the whole Church, men, women, stances sadly in need of watering. young people and children, and it is One congregatioIli had not been vis- more and more coming to be consid- ited in more than twenty years. At ered as the Church engaged in the another place a man eagerly procured study of God 's Word. It is also being a copy of the New Testament and increasingly looked upon as the said, "This is the book my father told Church's greatest agency for evan- me about and wanted for many years, gelizing the whole country. Herbert but died without being able to find." S. Harris of the World's Sunday Mr. Williamson passed through dis- S~hool Association recently said: "I

attended in Sao Paulo, the inaugura- shown by certain Indian tribes, goes tion of the ninth branch Sunday- on to describe this strange state of school opened by one of the leading affairs: "In other parts of Central city churches. In a small town in the America there are other Indian state of Minis Geraes, country-seat of tribes, less hostile perhaps, but a large district, the only church exist- equally pagan in their belief and outing there has a definite policy of evan- look. Even among the 'Christian' gelizing the entire district through the Indians the greatest confusion pre- Sunday-school. It has eight branch vails. Th'e worship of the sun goes schools scattered over leagues of ter- hand in hand with an external obritory, to which the young men helpers servance of Roman Catholic cerego out on Sund~y mornings, usually monies. A traveler actually saw, in on horseback, each one riding from a Guatemala town, an impromptu one to several hours a Sunday to care altar erected on the very steps of the for this important work. We are Roman Catholic church, where a seeking to feature and promote this pagan Indian priest was burning intype of work wherever possible, but cense to the sun. The worshipers find in Brazil as everywhere, that the went on into the church when their great need is the preparation of more sun-worship was over and paid their and better trained teachers." homage to the saints within."

The Bible in. Costa Rica EUROPE M RS. H. S. STRACHAN writes Spanish Protestants Unite from San Jose, Costa Rica: "The students in their vacation evan- AN INTERNA.TIONAlj Spanish gelistic work have been richly blessed Evangelization committee has of God. In one place where two of been formed in London, consisting of them were selling Bibles and talking representatives of the seventeen Protto a group of people the prlf'st came estant missions now carrying on work along and entered into an aqul1l.?nt in Spain. These missions are prowith them. They were able to allSWi'1' jected from England, Scotland, Irehim so wisely, ,refuting his arguments land, France, Hollaud, Germany, from the Word, that he finally re- Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Switzermembered he had an engagement, and land and the United States. Through left rather hurriedly. The feeling of the new committee they hope to cothose present was all in favor of ibe operate in support of the Federation two evangelicos with their books, but of Evangelical Churches in Spain. the immediate outcome was that a "In a country where evangelical teacher who heard the discussion rode work is so small," says the Christian after the boys to get a Bible f.rom Cenhtry, "every m 0 v e, however them and got the only one they had slight, toward an amalgamation of the left. She is now in San Jose and pro- Protestant forces must be hailed with fesses to be deeply interested in read- delight. It is said that churches of ing the Bible. She is one of a group Presbyterian, Wesleyan, Anglican, of rather remarkable women who are Lutheran and American Methodist the intellectual leaders here in the antecedents are included in the new capital. God has given us many links body." with others of that group and we have always felt it was for a special pur- The McAll Mission at Nice pose. " THIS long-established evangelical Worship Both Sun and Saints agency in France is represented at Nice by Pasteur Malan, who writes: ALATIN – AMERICAN Christian, "We have had many encouragements writiug in the Life of Faith of in all branches of the work; a second the hostility to missionary effort meeting on Sunday evening has been begun. Our audiences are very cos-

NEWS FROM M-","NY LANDS

mop?litan, including French, Italians, land help in the undertaking with faithful prayer. " Brltlsh, Dutch, Danes, Norwegians, Poland's Y. M. C. A. Swedes, Poles and Russians. Many THE formal transfer of the Y. M. are only on the wing, but we trust C. A. in Poland from American to that not a few take away with them Polish administration, which took place rceently in the Warsaw Y. M. precious seeds of truth that will C. A. building, was the occasion for a memorable ceremony, attended by the mature even to eternal life. Whether President of Poland and many other of its notable citizens. Paul Super, in the meetings for mothers and girls, National Secretary for Poland, says: "After the Great War the American the schools, the evening Bible classes Y. M. C. A. conducted work for the Polish Army at nearly a hundred or general meetings, always one feels points, employing in this work fifty- two American secretaries and expendthe same spirit of brotherhood. I do ing $1,700,000. All this war work has, of course, been diflcontinued and not know Choonwfeirtenisceelissewthheere~rdbeurt at the enterprise now is on a civilian Nice the of basis officered and directed by Poles. The name of the Association in Poland the day, everywhere and among all is, in common parlance, 'Polska Y. M. C. A.' and more formally 'Zwiaclasses, among working men and zek Mlodziezy Chrzescijanskiej.' It begins its new status with some 7,500 idlers. Here, the cooperation of the members in Heventeen cities and many thousands of friends in government, pastors of Nice is assured to us; in university, civil and military circles. Seven American secretaries remain in the hall of La Missionaire Populaire Poland as technical advisors and in- structors in the work of the Associathey all meet fraternally, which is a tion, loaned as an expression of the cooperation of the American Y. M. good thing in itself and which pro- C. A. with the Polish movement."

cures for us a splendid variety of Czech Clerical COlnpromise speakers. " , SOME of the religious and political problems with which Czecho- Swedish Royal Proclamation Slovakia is struggling were described in the March REVIEW. The situation F OR the first time since the kings was considerably complicated by a of Sweden began to issue their an- recent "pastoral letter" issued by nual thanksgiving messages, three Slovak bishops. This forbade Roman hundred and eighty-one years ago, Catholics from joining Socialist and the proclamation of King Gustaf is other clubs, which were called" antibeing widely circulated throughout religious." Inasmuch as the Socialists the entire civilized world. The cause comprise the largest political party in is that this year the royal message is the country, bnt have admitted cle,ridevoted to the Universal Christian cals into the present coalition govern- Conference on Life and Work in ment, it looked for a time as though Stockholm next August. The history the action of the bishops would force of this annual message dates back to the end of the coalition, and a strug- 1544, 'when the King of Sweden is- gle for control of the government on s~ed, for the first time, a proclama- a straight clericalism issue. The clertlOn to the nation fixing special ~undays for thanksgiving and pen- Itence. The enUre document is read on New Year's day from all pulpits of the Kingdom. This year's proclamation, after naming four Sundays for special observance, continues: "With the object that the Spirit of Christ should reIgn more fully in the hearts of men and ~n the lives of peoples, chosen representahves from the greater part of Christendom will gather in Stockholm after profound preparations during several'years, for the Universal Christian Conference on Life and Work, in August, 1925 if so be God '8 will. The Lord make His face shine upon the meeting so that the way may be dIscerned and the will strengthened with one accord to walk in the way of love. May the Church and congregation of Christ in onr

icals, to restore peace, now agree to a South African Campaign lessening of the number of Roman EARLY in February there began Catholic holidays and admit the right in Bloemfontein a united misof the Government to prosecute such sionary campaign for South Africa. priests as may attempt to, enfGrce the The itinerary as arranged was to bishops' pastoral. The Government, carry the campaign into most o,f the on the other hand, agrees not to, prGse- larger towns in the four provinces of cute the bishops for having published the union, during the months of Febthe letter, since those ecclesiastics ruary, March, April, May and June. make public a statement that they In July it will pass into, Rhodesia. had no, disloyal intentions in so, dGing. "If this tremendous opportunity be taken advantage of to the full," says AFRICA the South African Outlook, "these Bureau of African Languages six months may co,me to be looked back upo,n as the beginning of a new AT THE January meeting of the era in our land." All the principal International Missionary Coun- churches are taking part in the cam· cil, J. H. Oldham presented a minute paign, which announces as i~s twofold adopted December 5, 1924, by the aim: "First, that every Christian in Standing Committee of the Confer- South Africa should have a new ence of Missionarv Societies in Great vision of his 0,1' her vocation which is Britain and Ireland, transmitting to surely first and foremost to be a witthe Council the following resolution ness by life and work and word to the adopted by a meeting of representa- Lord Jesus Christ, and second that tives o,f so,cieties working in Africa each may receive a renewed will, and which had been held in London tlJ indnement of the Spirit, to fulfill this consider the possibility of forming splendid obligation and trust." a Bureau o,f Airican Languages and Literature in London. The leaders of the campaign are stressing the Christian aspects of the This meeting is of opinion that the prob- ;race problem. They say: lems arising from the multiplicity of Af· rican Languages demand the attention of There is need that this Obligation be the Missionary Societies working there. brought home to all of us in a new way- We desire, in view of the many interests to our young children in their attitude involved in the situation to suggest con- towards their native nurses, to our school sideration of the formation of an African boys and s,rhoo girls in their spirit and man- Language and Literature Bureau – effi- ner of speaking of, and to, the other raee, ciently staffed and with an office in London to mistresses towards their servants in the –in which. Governments, Missionary Soci- hon1e, to farm;ers, store keepers, merchants, eties, Scientific Societies, Literature Soci· manufactnrers, toward their native em· eties, Chambers of Commerce and others ployes. We cannot be loyal to Christ unless might cooperate. we accept, not the world's', nor the average We commend the matter to the attention South African's, but His, standard.

of the Societies and suggest that the secre- taries consult with the Mission Houses as to Luella Christians Bnild Church the possibility of financial support for sueh proposals. ANEW evangelistic administration building has been completed dur- And we request that this resolution be ing the past year by the So,uthern communicated to the officers of -the Inter· national Missiona,ry Council with a view to Presbyterian Mission at Luebo, in the raising the matter with the American and Continental Societies working in Africa. Belgian Congo. This contains offices fo,r business purposes, a room for the It was agreed to, receive this resolu- local session and an assembly ro,om tion with sympathy and interest and fo,r evangelistic meetings. A new to autho,rize the officers to explore the church building has also been erected, possibilities of organizing such a a handsome brick st,ructure, which bureau and to confer with the Mission the natives call a "temple." Mr.

B,oards co,ncerned and with other in- Crane says of this building, "the con- terested bodies. struction of Solomon's temple was at-

NEWS ]'HOM MANY LANDS

tended by scarcely less enthusiasm the white men, and when you do not than the construction of this building. listen to what we bring you from It seats about seven hundred people. Jesus Christ l' Thus he drove the The whole enterprise was initiated message home." and financed by the natives, not one cent of foreign money having been Fa.ith Cure in Madaga.scar given for its construction." The total THE National Geographic Society contributions of the LUE'bo Church has issued from its headquarters for the year was about 31,500 francs, in Washington a bulletin on the subequal to more than $3,000 of our ject of Madagascar, which it says, is money. In addition to this about ,; the scene of one of the most success- 1,000 francs has been subscribed for ful mIssIonary activities in the the erection of another church on the world." "There are about 3,500,000 station compound. Luebo station has inhabitants in Madagascar," says the suffered even more than the other sta- bulletin "and fully 500,000 – one tions from the exodus of laborers to seventh'of the entire population-are the railway labor camps and will suf- estimated to be at least nominal Chrisfer in the future from the large in-. tians. The remaining 3,000,000 crease in the wages that wm have to Malagasies constitute a rich field for be paid to native laborers on account further Christian work, for many of of this railroad competition. them are intelligent and nearly all are A Zulu Sermon peaceful. But among the less intelli- gent natives there is a vast amount of REV. F. B. BRIDGMAN, of the superstition and a complex welter of American Board, says that many pagan practices. Most of the pagans of his Zulu helpers are "born preach- among the Malagasies believe in a ers. " and tells the following incident Supreme Being, but with the adcli- to illustrate the statement: "One day tional idea. that His contact with the I went with an evangelist, Zakeu, to world is through the countless ances- conduct a service. There was a noisy tors of the race. SOUle tribes have war dance going on near by, and it adopted fatalism from Arab sources.

was' up to' Zakeu to catch the atten- Some pray to the sun and moon and tion of the crowd. How would you stars. One pagan sect abominates preach the Gospel under such circum- medicine and witch doctors. Its fol- stances 7 Zakeu said: 'Men, I as I lowers believe that disease springs came in yonder gate I saw a baboon, from seeds sowed like tares in a field a pet belonging to the compound man- by devils, and that faith alone will ager. I walked up and said, "Good cure. Another interesting ten e t morning, Mr. Baboon." The baboon among these people is that those who sat up and appeared to say, "Good do not pray and work will suffer morning, sir." I threw a stone, and famine; and as a result the followers the baboon threw a stone. I walked of the sect are among the best workers hack and forth, and the baboon walked and constitute one of the most pros- back and forth. I made a grimace, perous groups of the islanders."

and the baboon made a grimace. I scratched my head, and the baboon Nationa.lism in Mosle:m Pa.rley I scratched his head. Then I said, T IS announced from Cairo that the All-Islam conference which "Mr. Baboon, you are a man! You can do anything I can do! " You are was to bave been held in that city in angry when the white men call you April to settle the question of the baboons; and yet are you not living Caliphate has been postponed for the life of baboons when you are not twelve months. The postponement is recognizing what God has put in you regarded as equivalent to abandon- that is divine, and when you do not ment of the project. Even Egyptian take what God has sent you through politicians are now busy showing how

indifferent they are to the proposed process of enlargement and adaptameeting, although it was called, with tion ; the beginnings of a microbiothe probable idea of settling King logical and bio-chemical laboratory Fuad in the vacant office. The whole and some lecture rooms. The teachsituation serves to, show that the pre- ing activity at present is confined to vailing spirit of nationalism is being three professors, lecturing six hours felt as much within Islam as in other a week. Lectures are given free in parts of the world, and that the bonds the late afternoon, and the students, of that faith are not strong enough to about 100, are drawn in the main bring men together in the face of from the school teacher class. The their nationalistic suspicions of one subjects taught are Palestinian Toanother.-The Christian Century. pography; an introduction to the Talmud, and Biblical versions and THE NEAR EAST elementary Greek."

Artnenian Prays for Turks Bahai Preacher Baptized WHILE Rev. W. P. Hancock was BISHOP LINTON, of Persia, in Basrah, en route to his station writes that when he was preachat Hamadan, he saw two Turks bap- ing in Yezd at Whitsuntide, a Bahai tized, and ,received out of Islam into preacher who was present was much the Christian Church on confession of impressed, and went home and read their faith. The most impressive part the gospels. "One day," says the of the service was when Dr. Van Ess Bishop, "as he was reading Luke 9: invited an old Armenian convert of (iI, the words, 'Ilord, I will follow the mission to corne up and offer Thee, but first let me say farewell,' prayer for the two kneeling Turks. got right home to him. He decided The Armenian then walked to the to come to see me, but I was at back of the church and led a group Isfahan, 205 miles away. He set out who knew Turkish in singing, "0 on a bicycle, without saying farewell happy day that fixed my choice on to his wife, because of our Lord's thee, my Saviour and my God." words. He had a puncture after go- ing twenty miles and had no repair Hebrew University in Jerusaletn outfit with him, so he walked fifty miles more. At last he had to return, THE Institute of Jewish Studies of partly because his feet were swollen the Hebrew University was opened and partly because the guards turned in Jerusalem in January. The prin- him back. So he came back to Yezd. cipal address was made by Dr. J. L. At Yezd he got the repair outfit and Magnes, formerly rabbi and head of started once more. He did not say the Jewish community in New York farewell to his wife, but he made ar- City, but now administrative head of rangement with C. M. S. Mission to the Institute. The university itself support his wife during his absence. was formally inaugurated at a cere- Then he cycled seventy miles, but mony conducted on April 1st by Lord again he had a bad puncture. At last Balfour, in the presence of many dis- he got a seat in the post wagon to tinguished representatives of Euro- Isfahan. There he received instrucpean and American universities. The tion from me and was baptized in the New York Tt·mes spoke of this in- presence of several Moslems. He is au!!,uration as being "important now in Yezd in his old school and mainly as an appeal to the Jewish boldly witnessing for Christ." world to help this meagre beginning to develop into something more im- GENERAL posing . . . All that the Hebrew University now has to show is a site World Christian Endeavor on Mount Scopus, the northern extension of the Mount of Olives, with I N CONNECTION with the fortysome buildings-formerly a private fourth anniversary of its foundhouse built by Sir 'John Grayhill-in ing, the World's Christian Endeavor

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Union reports the following figures, Dr. Frederick Lynch, chairman of which are quoted in the Christian the Committee on Ecumenical Con- CentttrY: "Great Britain, with 4,506 ference of the Federal Council of societies and more than 150,000 mem- Churches of Christ in America, anbers ranks next to the United States nounces: "The Protestant commuin Christian Endeavor statistics. nions in all countries have officially Third in the number of societies is appointed their delegates and the five Australia, where everyone of the six hundred are making their plans to go. states is well organized, and where '1'he enthusiasm in Great Britain is as mammoth conventions indicate the great as in America, while the great deep interest in the movement. Soci- Lutheran bodies of Scandinavia are eties in New Zealand and Tasmania making preparations on a lavish scale are united with Australia in the to entertain the whole conference." Australasian union. Germany follows Australia with 1,453 societies, an Achievement. of Protestantis:m increase of 142 over last year. The German union employs five field I Na recent address by the President secretaries and seven provincial secre- of the Protestant Federation of taries. There are some 2,000 Chris- Victoria, Australia, he stated the foltian Endeavor societies in China, lowing points gained by Protestantism about 1,200 in India, and hundreds of as against the declared policy of the others in Japan and Korea. Some of Papacy: the largest societies in the world are reported from central Africa, while 1. No nation today would enforce the, in· the Boers have a strong union in quisition policy of torture and burning. South Africa, and the English-speaking union in the same region is very 2. No nation would recognize the Pope's vigorous. ' , right to dethrone its rulers.

World Conference in Stockholm 3. In no country would the Pope dare to release people from allegiance to their THE first announcement in the rulers. REVIEW of the Universal Christian Conference on Life and Work, to be 4. No nation a.ccepts Pope Leo, XIII's held in Stockholm August 9-30, 1925, dodrine that it i, a crime to grant equal was made in the August, 1924, issue. rights to all religions. The first plan for this great gathering dates back to 1920. The interna- 5. No country would send an army to tional committee which has arranged maintain t,he Pope's temporal power, as the program decided in 1922 that it France and Austria did in the past. should include the following groups of subjects: 6. No Pope tol1ay would dare to lay an interdict upon a conntry for the supposed (1) The Church's Obligation in View of offences of its rulers as they did in other God's Purpose for the World. days.

(2) The Church and Economic aJld In- "While these statements are true," dustrial Problems. the speaker said, "it is also true that Rome is not working today with six- (3) The Church and Sodal and Moral teenth-century methods. Her aims Problems. are the same today as in that gloomy age, but her methods of achieving (4) 'l'he Chmch and International Re- them are strictly up-to-date. Many lations. thought Rome would lose out when the Great War was flnished because of (5) The Church .and Christian Educa- her pro-German attitude; but the real tion. facts go to prove that she is in a stronger position in Europe today (6) Methods of Cooperative and Federa- than she was before the war. She is tive Efforts by the Christian Communions. losing extensively in some quarters, but gaining tremendously in others. These reports have already been The influence of the Vatican in the prepared, each being the work of a world of politics was never great~r commission of experts and thoroughly than it is today, even though France revised by an editorial committee. is talking of withdrawing its repre- sentative at the Vatican."

NOTE,-Any books mentioned in these columns will be sent on receipt of price.-THE

Fifty Years in Foreign Fields, China, the receipts were $207,075 and the Japan, India, Arabia. Mrs. W. 1. Cham· berlain. Illustrated, maps, xv, 292 pp. missionaries numbered sixty. $2.00. ""ew York. 192,5. One of the best features of the The gifted wife of the Sec,retary of the l<'oreign Mission Board of the Re- volume must have caused the author formed Church in America has done a difficult piece of work in a very much thought-it consists of the sumcreditable manner. She has given her Church and the general reading pub- maries which follow the detailed lic this concise and interesting record of the personnel and achievements of statements of each decade of achievefifty years (1875 to 1925) of varied service in foreign mission fields, ren- ment. There are a large number of dered by the women of her Church. Many writers would either have half-tone pictures of important buildpenned a stupid chronicle of fifty yea,rs, or would have selected a few ings and scores of portraits of promibright stars in their missionary galaxy, a few pieces of exceptionally in- nent missionaries-incidentally these teresting work, a dozen of their most successful stations, which would have latter reveal the changes in woman's given a wrong impression. Each task has its shadows, as well as its bursts fashions by decades. Full as the of light and glory. Mrs. Chamber- volume is of information, we wish that Mrs. Chamberlain had given some summary of special missionary families, tha.t have given many of their members to the mission field.

The history is a semi-de luxe volume, evidencing faithful research and a happy emergence from the dust of archives to a living setting of jewels of that small but remarkably mission- ary church. H. P. B.

lain has given us a fairly complete Catholic Medical Missions. Edited and record of the years preceding their compiled bcy Floyd Keeler. Illustrated. Jubilee, with de t a i I s enough to 222 pp. $2.50. New York. 1925.

awaken real interest. We do not re- This brief survey of Roman Cathocall any history of the missions of lie and Protestant Medical Missions any church in which this method has is issued to educate American Cathobeen more successfully followed. lies who practically began their inde- The story is an important one. It pendent work for foreign mission begins with the clarion call of the lands five years ago. Though during China pioneer, David Abeel, fostered half a decade their "general mission by Mrs. T. C. Doremus. The founda- idea here in the United States has tions were laid on which anticipatory g,rown and spread one thousand per societies and auxiliaries did their cent," and while a goodly number of faithful work for half a century be- evangelistic and educational workers fore the Society was formally organ- are already on the field, medical misized. The formal history from this sions are taking their first steps in the point is treated by decades and Mis- pathway of rapid extension. The sions, so one may easily find what one Catholic medical missions treated is seeking in a given field or period. here are mainly an a.ccount of what The beginnings were small, with less the older European missions have than $2,900 received in 1875 and only done in Eastern Asia, India and six missionaries sent out, but succeed- Africa. But the volume is forward ing decades advanced until in 1924 looking and makes definite requests 414

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY

for aid in "proposed institutions," bravery accepted by the knights of sixteen of them in the India chapter, the Middle Ages. It is refreshing to read such a tale of virile Christianity for instance. as an antidote to the trashy and low standard popular fiction of the pres- This volume is in substance a re- ent day.

port of progress of investigations Religion in Russia Under the Soviets. BishOp Richard J. Cooke. 12 mo. 311 pp. made afield by Monsignor Joseph J. $2.00. New York.

McGlinchey, D.D., and three other Bishop Cooke of the Methodist Episcopal Church is more temperate Fathers, to the Medical Mission in his characterizations of Soviet anti- religious activities than is Captain Board of the Catholic Hospital ~t.sso­ McCullaugh in his volume on the "Bolshevist Persecution of Chrisciation of the United States and Can- tianity. " The Methodist Bishop de- scribes briefly, but clearly, the prinada which began to be effective in cip~l events in the Russian Orthodox Church from 1917 to 1924. After 1922-23. The chapter on" Non-Cath- presenting the historic background of the present struggle, he tells of the olic Medical Missions" shows how J30lshevist attacks on the Church, the Reign of Terror, the effort to establish strong an argument is derived from a Soviet church and the anti-religious laws and propaganda of the Com- Protestant Missions. Pages 46-55 munist Party. Bishop Cooke believes that Russia will live to be a powerful present an argument familiar to state; that the Orthodox Church will survive and be purified and that if Protestants but new to Romanists. the Soviet Government is to survive it must change radically, so as to be- Since the Church forbids those in come more enlightened and less radical. Holy Orders to practioo medicine or Stewardship for All of Life. Luther E. surgery, except under rigid restric- Lovejoy. 12 mo. 144 pp. 75 cents. New York. 1924. tions, and whe,re justified by extraor- We hold in trust, not only money dinary conditions, it is not surprising and talents, but life itself. There- fore, Dr. Lovejoy rightly urges the to read that hundreds of Roman devotion of the physical and mental life, social instincts, business abilities Catholic missionaries would be alive and all resources to the service of God. This is a comprehensive and today, if they could have had recourse practically helpful text-book in the Life and Service Series. to ordinary and efficient medical Japan from Within. J. Ingram Bryan, service. Incidentally, it is interesting M.A., M.Litt., Ph.D. 228 pp. New York. 1924. to no,te that the author is a convert This is a thoughtful inquiry into from the Protestant E pis cop a 1 the political, industrial, commercial, financial, agricultural, military and mCihsusirconh~rya,ndDrt.hMeiar rgleaaredti ng medical educational conditions of mode.rn Lamont, is Japan. The author has had excep- tional opportunities for acquiring a converted medical missionary with a quarter of a century's experience in Asia. H. P. B.

The Two of Us in Africa. Dide M. Ritten- house. 8 vo. 219 pp. $1.50. New York. 1925.

In fine spirit, though in some places with large demands on credulity, the author of this race-relations story tells how two little girls, black and white, came to understand one another in Africa. It is a pleasing story that children will enjoy and one from which they will learn that character counts more than color and training is more decisive than birth. In Christ all races are united.

God Wills It. William Stearns Davis. 8 vo. 552 pp. $1.50. New York.

'fhis republished story of the Crusades is full of romance and thrilling adventure in harmony with the ideals of Christian character, honor and first-hand information since he was viewpoint. He does not seem to have for sixteen years a professor in J apa- reached clear convictions on many nese colleges and universities. He important matters, for he makes no was correspondent for leading Lon- clear statement of belief and does not don and New York newspapers and give the foundations of faith as to the was decorated by the Emperor of deity of Christ, His atonement, resur- .Tapan with the Order of the Sacred rection, the authority of the Bible, Treasure in recognition of his serv- etc. These studies cannot be expected, ices to Japanese education. He is at therefore, to establish strong and present Cambridge University Exten- clear faith in the younger generation. sion Lecturer in Japanese history and civilization. He rightly stresses the Model of a West African Hut. Marjory urgent need of a better understand- Palmer. 2 shimngs. London. 1924. ing of the Japanese by the Englishspeaking peoples of the Vest, but he Realism marks this method of vigorously combats the common idea teaching missions to children. The that there is some mystery about the model supplies an excellent back- Japanese which makes it difficult if ground that will appeal to a child not impossible for other people8 to while the descriptive booklet gives the understand them. He declares that teacher and parent just the material needed to awaken interest.

"after sixteen years in Japan, study- Twin Travelognes, with Paper Doll Onting the people, their institutions and Onts (Chlna). Welthy Honsinger. New civilization, from every point of view York. 1924.

at close range, my only solution of These colored cardboard pictures, the mystery is to deny its existence. to cut out and play with, are very It is undoubtedly true that Japan is attractive for small children and may very much misunderstood; but the be used successfully, with the text, to teach useful missionary lessons. cause can be ascribed to nothing more mysterious than mere ignorance. If we take the same trouble to know all Documents on Christian Unity, 1920·4. about Japan that would be necessary Edited by G. K. A. Bell, Dean of Canterin the case of any other nation, Japan bury. 8vo. 382 PI'. $2.50. New York. is quite as easily undeirStood." 1924.

Americans need this kind of a pre- The Dean of Canterbury is a leader sentation, especially at a time when in the extensive preparations being the relations of the two nations have made for the coming World Conferbeen so gravely affected by the recent ence on Faith and Order. This book Immigration Act which Congress contains details of correspondence passed against the protest of the with the Vatican, Cardinal Mercier President, the Secretary of State, and of Belgium, the Patriarch of Constansensible men everywhere. A. J. B. tinople, the Swedish Bishops, and representatives of various church Christianity for Today. John Godfrey Hill. bodies in Great Britain, the United 12 mo. 139 PI'. 75 cents net. New States, Europe and Asia. As one York. 1925. reads some of these documents, the Today men are inquiring anew into complexity of the problem of Chris- the nature, requirements, foundations tian unity becomes more apparent.

and results of religion. Dr. Hill offers Clouds obscure the fair dream of this as a study-book for such individ- unity, but heavenly winds may il.'ise uals and classes, with chapters on Re- to blow these clouds away. The Chris.

ligion, The Christian Life, God, tian statesman studies such documents Jesus, Man, The Bible, The Church, as these with keen interest and cures The Kingdom and Eternal Life. Dr. his deepest doubt with the reflection Hill was educated in Boston Univer- that surely the Master's prayer, "that sity, Harvard and the University of they may be one," shall not fail of Chicago and represents a modernist eventual fulfillment. c. c. A..

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1921

XLIV NUMBER

THE MISSIONARY .~ DECEMBER, 1921 THE SHIFTING THOUGHTS OF JAPAN ROBERT E. SPEER PEKING UNION MEDICAL COLLEGE B. E. READ THE WANTED CHILDREN OF INDIA AMY WILSON CARMICHAEL VENEZUELA-A NEGLECTED NEIGHBOR WEBSTER E. BROWNING THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER AND HIS HOMELAND RODNEY W. ROUNDY MAKING MISSIONARY POSTERS MRS. E. C. CRONK $2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY 3d and REILYSTS., HARRISBURG, PA. 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

RUSSIA'S

I The Russian Bible and Evang~lization Society is active on the field. It has over 35 workers on the field. Four Bible stores have been opened. Numerous evangelistic meetings are being held in large halls. theatres. and churches.

Volumes of Scriptures are being widely spread. In many places people are eagerly study- I ing the Word of God in regular Bible courses. But the need for the Gospel is more urgent than ever hefore among the 250,000,000 Russian, Slavonic and Greek Catholic people with 9,000,000 Jews among them.

i This field needs hundreds of preachers, evangelists, and million of Bibles.

I Financial help is needed for preachers, for the extensive distribution of Scriptures and for a Bible Printing Plant on the field (cost, $50,000).

Send contributions to THE RUSSIAN BIBLE AND EVANGELIZATION SOCIETY 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y.

Canadian Office: 67 Yonge Street, Room 630, Toronto, Onto G. P. RAUD, General Director E. N. SANCTUARY, Treasurer George C. Howes Horace L. Day A. C. Gaebelein William L. Pettingill Howard A. Kelly P. H. Unruh George W. Carter Don O. Shelton William Phillips Hall Charles E. Gremme1s W. Leon Tucker David J. Burrell Mark A. Matthews Gove G. Johnson Thomas E. Stephens Sidney T. Smith Han. S. P. Spencer Gustav Enss Oscar Rixson Harry D. Mitchell W. S. Gottschall John Willis Baer Edgar W. Work Alwyn Ball, Jr.

EASY EARNED EASY SPENT Experienced men have estimated that the average estate is dissipated within seven years.

Persons with long experience sometimes make poor investments, how much easier for an inexperienced person receiving a legacy.

The SURE way to protect your dependents is by the Annuity Plan.

For full information write to : George M. Fowles, T reasmer, Board of Foreign Missions. Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Fifth Avenue, New York, or W. J. Elliott, Treasmer, Board of Home Missions and Church Extension. Methodist Episcopal Church. I 70 I Arch Street, Philadelphia. Pa. .

Please mention TH~ MISSIONARY ~vn~w OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

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Cbristin the Poetry of Today $1.00 Compiled by Martha Foote Crow A charming anthology of the best poetry written with Christ as the central figure.

A book which brings to youth not only the stern realities but also the great beauty of Christianity. Boxed, $2.00 Booksbops THE WOMANS PRESS 600 Lexington Ave_ Everywhere or New York City Please mention THJt MISSIONARY R£VI£W op THE Wf)'RI.D in writin", to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L PIERSON, E~itor CONTENTS FOR DECEMBER, 1921 Page F~ONTISPIECE …………… THREE VERY MUCH WANTED CHILDREN m' INDIA EDITORIAL COMMENT ………………………………………….. 907 Mo..Tem." Jew.. and Christians in Christian Cooperation in China PaleRtine Porto Rico Union Church Progress in the Cure of Leprosy African Prophets on the Congo The Missionary Situation in Angola Roumania and ReUgious Mino"';'ties THE SHIFTING "THOUGHTS" OF .JAPAN ……………. ROBERT E. SPEER 917 The various phases of Japanese thought on industrial, social, political, educa· tional and religious problems, as viewed by Doctor Speer on his recent visit to Japan.

PEKING UNION MEDICAL COLLEGE ……………………. B. E. READ 925 An illustrated story of the growth, the plan and the dedication of the $10,000,000 Medical College in China's capital.

THE WANTED CHILDREN OF INDIA ………….. AMY WILSON CARMICHAEL 929 The well-known author of "Things as they Are in India" and other volumes describes the Indian efforts to obtain children for unholy purposes, and the efforts of the missionaries to rescue these little boys and girls.

THE GREAT ESSENTIAL IN MISSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DWIGHT GODDARD 932 A study of the comparative value of some missionary ideals and methods in view of the great responsibility of the Christian Church.

VENEZUELA-A NEGLECTED NEIGHBOR . . . . . . . . . . . . WEBSTER E. BROWNING 937 One of the least known and most neglected South American countries, de- scribed by a recent visitor. Illustrated with phatographs.

THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER AND HIS HOMELAND … RODNEY W. ROUNDY 945 A review of the beRt and most oomplete book desoribing the mountaineers of the South, their homes, charaoteristics, occupations and needs.

POSTERS FOR MISSIONARY MEETINGS-BEST METHODS ………………. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 952 THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN……………………. . .. ……… …….. …………….. …… . EDITED BY MRS. H. W. PEABODY 963 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ………………………………………. .

THE MISSIONARY LIBRARy………………………………………. 980 THE INDE{!: FOR 1921 983 TERMS; $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1921, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Harrisburg, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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Robert E. Speer, President Frank L. Brown, Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall, Treasurer Publication office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Editorial and Business Office, Is6 Pifth Avenue~ 2$C. ' copy $z. SO a year Ne.. York City.

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A delighthtl series of stories, written for children, setting forth the many curious and interesting traits which distinguish the little folks of various races and nationalities who rub shoulders in our hospitable, cosmopolitan land. $I.25 The Chinese as They Are J. R. Saunders, n.D.

Gral-'es Theological Semi1W.7' Canton. ChillCL The well-known missionary writer in his latest work shows the exact sttuation now confronting the Chinese and the Western world. A book of great fascination for all interested in the Chinese question. $1.50 Men and Methods That Win in Foreign Fields J. R. Saunders, n.D.

"A thoughtful study of the present conditions existing in the foreign mis3ion fields and a consideration of the best means for spiritual and Christian conquest in these non- Christian areas."-Christian Advocate. $1.00 "Laborers Together" Margaret M. Lackey A Study of Southern Baptist Missions in China. .

A practical study of Southern Baptist Missions in China especially adapted for Read- lug Courses and 1>ersona study. 11lustrated. %1.00 The Bible, a Missionary Message William Owen Car'l'er, D.D.

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An invaluable book dealing in a detailed, comprehensive way with God's plan of sal- vation for the race, as revealed in His Word, History, Prophecy, etc. $1.50 First Fruits in Korea Charles Allen Clark, D.D.

II Musionary in that CoUTitly since 1902 A Story of Missionary Life in the Far East.

A deeply interesting account of early missionary work in Korea set in story form.

A striking picture of the ideals for which the Christian Church in that country continues to stand, despite the opposition of Japan. Illustrated. $1.75 A Star in the East Edward Norman Harris Missionary of American BaptMtForeign Missiona,y Socie~ An Account of American Baptist Missions to the Karens of Burma.

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PERSONALS

The Strongest DR. W. E. DOUGHTY, of the staff of the Near East Relief, has returned from a tour Bible Scholarship of inspection of the territory served by this organization.

In The Sunday School Times, Biblical scholars REV. GEORGEC. LENINGTON, D.D., formerly of world-wide renOwn bring you their most illu- Issionary to South America and later pastor minating 6ndings,-for example: of the American Church in Mexico City, has become financial secretary of the Ministerial Sir William M. Ramsay, D.D., D.C.L., Pension Fund of the Reformed Church in .LL.D., Lilt.D. America .

whose researches in Asia Minor are every- BISHOP HERBERT WELCH, of the Meth· where recognized as the most important odist Church in Korea and Japan, is in contribution of the kind to New Testament America for several months on special work study. connected with his area.

Prof. Robert DickWilson, Ph.D., D.D. REV. EGBERT W. SMITII, D.D., executive secretary of the Southern Presbyterian Professor of Semitic Languages 'lnd Old Board of Foreign Missions, will visit the Testament Criticism in Princeton Theologi- Congo mission field during the winter. cal Seminary, master of twenty-six lan- Doctor Smith will first hold conferences in guages. In Biblical Criticism, he deals in Belgium with the Colonial Minister of the evidence,-not theory. Belgian Congo. Prof. Melvin Grove Kyle, D.D., LL.D.

Archeological Editor of The Sunday-School MISS ZUNG WEI TSUNG, di~tinguished Times, and Professor of Biblical Theology and Archeology in Xenia Theological Sem- representative of the neW Chinese journal· inary. He combjnes scientific scholarship with whole-hearted belief in the Word. ism, is visiting in England to examine The Rev.W. H. GriffithThomas, D.D. socllil conditions.

has TaTe power "to deal with the most sub- P ASTOR PETER * leader oL the tle difficulties of scientific and theological thought, and at the same time to present a GORODISHZ, message fitted to the understanding and heart of a little child." Hebrew Christian movement in Russia, is Prof. A. T. Robertson, Th.M., D.O., in America as the guest of the Hebrew LL.D. Christllin Alliance. He represents the in- Professor of New Testament Interpretation in the Southern Baptist Theological Sem- terests of Jewish widows and orphans left inary, whose monumental workJ "A Gram- mar of the Creek New Testament in thE by the pogroms. Light of Historical Research," is the recog- nized authority on this subject in America * and am-"ad. MME. KAJI YAJIMA, who founded the Eut all this is only one department of Women's Christian Temperance Union in Japan, is in America to present the desire of Japanese women for peace at the con- ference of nations held in Washington.

Madam Yajima is eighty-nine years of age.

RT. REV. A. S. LLOYP, Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Diocese of New York, has retnrned from a trip to North Cape, the northernmost point of Europe.

Every issue contains thirteen unique helps on " " MR. J. W. PHELPS, secretary of the Mis· the International Improved Uniform Lessons. grl.ded for different ages, yet binding the entire sion Board of the Church of God at Ander· hJme and school together in Eibl. study. son, Indiana, is visiting the missions in the Britisb West Indies. Isn't this your opportunity to become familiar with The Sunday-School " Tim e s? A "Get-Acquainted" .,… DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEME& has recently subscription-Io weeks for 25 -,01- t7 returned to take up his work in Cairo. Hi. wife and children remain in America. The I cents-will do it. Will you a ~0e-.$ eldest daughter, Elizabeth, is studying medicine at the University of Michigan, invest 25 cents in The preparing to be a medical missionary.

aSnudndtahye-sSechreomolarTki-mes"Q~et/'" ~¥i:~:TYHoEoBJ:f~ REV. ENOOH F. BELL, IIssocllite secretary able helps? …eO: Box 1550 ()f the Amerie,an. Board ()f Foreigu Mi..si()u.., has been placed in charge of the editorial 9:'10 Phllada. and publicity devartment of the Board. Mr. ~),.c(; For the ;25 cents enclosed Bell's missionary service in Japan, and his extensive travels in Korea, China, the Phil- ,~e 1:; S~h:l Ti~~s I :~e~t~ ippines and Mexico have given him a fami] iarity with missionary acbievement. to Name ..•……..•…•.•.••.••a. __ Address ……………………. . Ask your bookseller to show you Tho Sunday School Tim.. book.

Please meution TH.K M1SSIONAllY REVIEW 0(' THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

A REAL SURPRISE in BIBLE STUDY NE~ AND ENTIRELV DIFFERENT No IIIOre waatlD8' of time aad eaeJ'gy with cODcordaDC'ea aad other books. All the helpsnecessaJ)l for practical /jible study in one convenient volume. ~elf· explanatory. Contains a unique, easy reference system. No figures in text. Has a wonderful Text Cyclopedia containing many new and striking helpful features not to be found in any other book. Best Bible students agree tbat this is the very Bible that has been needed for years beciUlSe It Is so practical. Sav•• time and labar.

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B. B. KIRI{BRIDE BIBLE CO., Dept;W :ndian~po!is, Indiana CHRISTMAS GIFTS FOR LEPERS DR. HEISER says: Fill your own Christmas stocking with "There are two million lepers in the happiness by sending quickly a check or money order marked "Lepers' Christmas." world." What a lot of empty Christmas This will help "The American Mission to stockings! In fact, many of them have no Lepers" reach _thousands in its stations stockings at all. It is too early for you to under every denomination and in every hang yours by the chimney. It is not too country with a token of love from America. early to send the funds that, across seas, All gifts will be officially acknowledged. will bring joy on Christmas morning to Gifts for general funds, in support of the thousands of the most needy and helpless world-wide work of The Mission to Lepers ones in the world – our Leper friends. may also be sent. Many of them will have no holiday cheer.

Send to: FLEMING H. REVELL, Treasurer, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS CHAT Two ERRORS CORRECTED (page 515) was wrongly labeled. It was taken in Rio de Janeiro, and In the November REVIEW, page represents a Post-Panama Confer- 893, the disastrous fire at Herrnhut, ence of Evangelical Christians in Saxony, which destroyed a large part Brazil, called together to organize of the Widows' House belonging to for Christian cooperation. The gen· the Moravians, was erroneously lo- tleman standing next to Doctor cated at New Herrnhut, St. Thomas, Halsey, who somewhat resembles the Virgin Islands. Herrnhut in Saxony late President of Mexico, is the Rev. has for two hundred years been the Alvaro dos Reis, pastor of the First headquarters of Moravian work, and Presbyterian Church of Rio de for one hundred and thirty years Janeiro. Moravian Missions have held their General Synod meetings in this *** house. The two hundredth anniversary of the Herrnhut Church is to WANTED–JANUARY, 1906 be celebrated next year. A subscriber earnestly desires a copy of the MISSIONARY REVIEW m' *** THE WORLD for January, 1906, to com- plete a library file of the magazine~ If By some unexplained error the any of our readers have a copy which photograph of Dr. A. W. Halsey at they are willing to donate or to sell, a Latin American Conference, which kindly write to our Subscription Dewas published in the July REVIEW partment.

MUCH WANTED CHILDREN OF

(See Miss Am y ,VilSOll Carm ichaeJ's article, page 929.)

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. DECEMBER, 1921 NUMBER XLIV TWELVE ,JEWS, ARABS AND CHRISTIANS IN PAL]1JSTINE D ISAPPOINTMENT is felt by those who hoped that the entry of British troops into Palestine and the overthrow of the oppressive rule of the Turk would usher in an era of great opportunity for Christian work among Jews and Moslems. The situation at times appears gloomy and at all times calls for patience and perseverance. Hatred against the Jews has increased in the past two years and is openly manifested in an anti-Jewish propaganda, including even persecution and death. Nominal Christians join the Moslems in this hostility so that their attitude embitters the Hebrews against Christians and their message.

Rev. S. B. Rohold of Haifa writes that "the nervous condition of the Arabs and the intrigues of French Catholics are evident everywhere …. It is a difficult mission to perform, to bring peace through the Prince of Peace to Jews, Arabs and nominal Christians…. Only at the Cross of Jesus can all these different nationalities find peace and harmony."

An Arab delegation, journeying to America on tho samo ship with a Zionist delegation, has appealed to President Harding against the so-called "Jewish Danger." Arabs, Mohammedans and native Christians have also appealed to the British Government not to put into effect the Balfour Declaration in favor of a Jewish National Home in Palestine, because they say that the Zionists wish to dispossess the Arab population.

The Arabs fear that their country, their holy places, and their lands will be taken from them and given to strangers, and that they will be gradually forced out by a massed immigration of Jews. Native Christians declare that they will never live under a Jewish government, and the Vatican has definitely arrayed itself against the Zionists.

907

The Zionists, however, assure the Moslems and Christians that their fears are groundless. Dr. Chaim "Veizmann, president of the Twelfth Zionist Congress, recently held at Carlsbad, declares; "We intend to abate no jot of the rights guaranteed to us by the Balfour Declaration, and recognition of that fact by the Arabs is an essential preliminary to the establishment of satisfactory rela- tions between Jew and Arab. We proclaim most solemnly and un- equivocally that we have in our own hearts no thought of aggression, no intention of trespassing on the legitimate rights of our neighbors. . We look forward to a future in which Jew and Arab will live side by side in Palestine, and work conjointly for the prosperity of the country. Nothing will stand in the way of such a future, when once our neighbors realize that our rights are as serious a matter to us as their rights are to them."

Sir Herbert Samuel, the British High Commissioner of Pales- tine under the mandate, and himself a distinguished Jew, has even been accused of being too lenient with Arab outbreaks on the one hand, and of being not sufficiently Zionistic on the other. In his recent report to Parliament be declared that the policy of the British Government "contemplates the satisfaction of the legitimate aspira- tions of the Jewish race throughout the world in relation to Palestine, combined with a full protection of the rights of the existing popu- lation. "

Friends of the Jews believe that there should be satisfaction of that sentiment regarding Palestine which, in increasing degree, ani- mates the Jewries of the world. Fourteen million people ask for the opportunity to establish a "home" in the land which was the political, and has always been the religious, center of their race. They ask that this home should possess national characteristics-in language and custom, in intellectual interests, in religious and political insti- tutions.

Sir Herbert Sam~el holds that this does not mean that " Jewish immigration is to involve Arab emigration, that the greater pros- perity of the country, through the development of Jewish enter- prises, is to be at the expense, and not to the benefit of the Arabs, that the use of Hebrew is to imply the disappearance of Arabic, that the establishment of elected Councils in the Jewish Community for the control of its affairs is to be followed by the subjection of the Arabs to the rule of those Councils. In a word, the degree to which Jewish national aspirations can be fulfilled in Palestine is condi- tioned by the rights of the present iuhabitants.' , The prophecy of the Bible and the promises of God to the Jews are in process of fulfilment in spite of the fears and oppositions of the enemies of Israel. This ancient people must continue to pass through periods of tribulation until they recognize in Jesus Christ

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

their Messiah. There is already reported among the Jews in Palestine an unprecedented movement toward Christ, especially among the Halutzim (or Zionist pioneers), both men and women. Nineteen of these are under special Christian instruction in Haifa and some give evidence of being soundly converted. There is great need for a well equipped Christian Training Institute that can prepare these young people for service as evangelists in the Holy Land. The demand for Bibles is increasing, especially Hebrew Bibles for the Jews and in Arabic for Moslems. There are signs of the fulfilment of prophecy but no evidence as yet that "The Kingdom of God will immediately appear."

AFRICAN PROPHETS ON THE CONGO PROPHETS, who preach Christ and heal diseases are reported to have arisen on the lower Congo. Last April reports came from the lower Belgian Congo that one of these so-called "prophets" had arisen near Wathen, and that he was not only preaching with power, but that he was healing the sick and curing the blind. A second prophet, also a native Christian, was reported in another town, preaching and healing multitudes who came from hundreds of miles up the river. A third prophet is reported from W ene, near the Mbwella Mission Station of the English Baptist Missionary Society, and a fourth at Lumbi, west of Mbwella. There are still other "prophets" and some who predict that false prophets are to arise, and the greatest true prophet will appear later in San Salvador, Portuguese West Africa.

Rev. R. H. C. Graham, the British Baptist missionary, writes: "We have one example of this sort of prDphet in the fellow who has set up at Kwimba, claiming that he has risen from the dead, and that he wm not begin to do his mighty works till his Master has arrived in a shower of blood, and then he will heal the sick and raise the dead, not to mention trampling into the flames all who did not believe in his pretentions. Vangu, one of the Christian teachers, insisted on seeing him and told him a few homely truths, but the poor folk are still duped by him. "The remarkable thing about this movement is that it aims at helping on mission work. All of the" prophets" try to get Christian deacons and teachers to help them instruct all who come in the truths of the New Testament, and insist upon evil men giving up their . sinful ways and submitting to the Gospel and Law of Christ. "We have not seen a single case which could be thought miraculous healing, and vet the sick think themselves cured, and those who witnessed the pr;phet's work think so too, so that men who went to scoff become worshippers, and hundreds of heathen and Roman Catholics have become earnest hearers of the Gospel of Christ.

"Besides the ordinary belief in charms for protection from witchcraft, and the system of witch-doctors depending upon it, there have been several general quasi-religious movements in past days. ,'Elembe" was the name of an indefinable terror believed in by everybody but understood by nobody, which paralyzed the country about the year 1860. "Kiyoka," in 1872, was a crusade against all kinds of charms and fetishes. Strenuous efforts were made to destroy all fetishes, and several helpful laws were made against violence, but the people continued to be sick and to die, so the movement ended. Then "Kinyambi" arose in 1885, and hundreds of poor people were fleeced by venders of the Kinyambi water of life, which it was claimed would preserve the person who drank it from any natural death.

"All these crazes were evidently making money for those who taught them, but the present movement is of quite a different order. The "prophets" refuse all re)Vard, and, in so far as the original ones are concerned at any rate, they seem only to aim at the spread of the Gospel. The news which reaches us from their districts is of crowded services and earnest seekers after the truth."

"There can be no doubt," says Mr. Graham, "that the' prophets' have cured many neurotic diseases, and have inspired even hopeless cases with confidence and joy in the certainty of recovery, but there is no clear evidence of any certain cure of a real disease or deformity. Letters from members and adherents of churches tell of wonderful cures they themselves have witnessed, and beg the missionaries not to doubt them, since they are the means of bringing hundreds of hitherto careless people within the reach of the GospeL"

PORTO RICO '8 UNION PROTESTANT CHURCH FOR years there were two English-speaking congregations in San Juan, one for Methodists and allother for Presbyterians. Both churches did good work but they were always struggling wtth fluctuating congregations because neither denomination was strong enough to build up a prosperous church. The American and English-speaking colony in San Juan is less than a thousand in population, and of this number many are not church-going people.

The suggestion that the two churches unite was brought up at one of the Regional Missionary Conferences held in San Juan in March, 1916, and after considerable discussion, several meetings of a Central Conference Committee and favorable action by the two congregations, the Union Church was constituted on November 2, 1917, and a constitution was adopted after baving been presented by the Joint Oommittee.

This church has just closed its fourth year under the pastorate of Rev. F. E. McGuire. The result has been marked success, and

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

almost all the people of San Juan belonging to the different Protestant denominations have joined the Union Church. Every department of the work has grown and prospered. The Woman's Auxiliary, with its eight or ten committees, has done untold good. The Calling Committee has made on an aver- age of forty calls a month during the past year. The Beneficial Committee has accomplished what has never yet been undertaken by any evangelical church in Porto Rico-supplying powdered milk to the poor who could not buy cows'

milk because it was so scarce, and giving Thanksgiving dinners to poor families. The Voman 's Mis- sionary Society pays the scholar- ship for a boy and a girl at Chris- tian institutions, and has a sewin:!"

circle which meets every two weeks to sew for the poor.

This church is never in debt and always has something to help needy causes. Last year over THE UNION CHURCH IN SAN JUAN $800.00 was disbursed in benevo- lences. The budget for this year calls for over $6,000. The Union Church and its Bible School are fillillg a great gap in Porto Rico.

ROUMANIA AND RELIGIOUS MINORITIES I T IS difficult for authorities in a country where church and state are united to deal justly and impartially with citizens who belong to other religious bodies than the State Church. This was true in China and Japan until Christianity proved its value through education and philanthropy. It has been true in Italy, Spain and other Roman Catholic countries where the priests were in power. It has been true in Russia, Greece and Roumania, where Eastern Orthodox potentates of the Church had large influence with the government. Christians, Jews, special sects, have suffered where their opponents have wished to control religious belief and worship, as well as educational and political policies.

Roumania has long been an oppressor of the Jews, and has not dealt fairly with the Hungarian and Saxon communities in Transylvania. Throughout the country there is an atmosphere of suspicion and distrust, if not of hatred. It is reported that ministers of the churches are hampered in their work, and the very life of the churches

is in danger. The personal and official liberty of the officers of the churches, in the Church courts, and in the schools connected with the churches, is restricted, and, in many cases, has been entirely taken away. Some ministers and members of these churches are now in prison. Many of them have been flogged, and often the causes of these ill-treatments seem from the evideuce at hand to have been not at all commensurate with the severity of the punishment. Almost all the homes and private property of these people have been commandeered. Property of their schools, their colleges, and in some instances their churches have been taken from them. The destruction caused by the troops and by the local authorities to the church and school property has not been repaired. All of these allegations are of acts that are in complete disregard of the solemn provisions and promises guaranteed through the Minority Treaty signed December 10, 1919, by which treaty the Roumanian Government made itself responsible for the protection of these minorities.

The American Committee on the Rights of Religious Minorities, of which Rev. Dr. Arthur J. Brown is chairman, and William Jennings Bryan, Henry Morgenthau and William H. Taft are members, has recently sent a communication protesting to the Roumanian Government against injustices suffered by its citizens. The committee recognizes the difficulties encountered by the Roumanian Government, caused by the relationship between the Hungarian churches in Transylvania and their affiliation with the Hungarian Government; and asks the Roumanian Government to bring together the representatives of these churches in Transylvania, together with the leaders of the Roumanian Church and Government, to confer with a view to securing a proper readjustment of the questions that are now causing irritation, and to do justice to all the peoples in the territories under Roumanian control.

CHRISTIAN COOPERATION IN CHINA O NE OF the most notable changes in missionary work in China is the development of cooperation. Formerly, missionaries were separated and worked in units; today, they are brought together in interdenominational and international committees and institutions. Rev. C. G. Sparham, of Hankow, Secretary of the China Advisory Council of the London Missionary Society, calls attention to some of the larger movements in the direction of Christian cooperation in China.

.., There has been on the part of many of the missionary societies a movement in the direction of working the whole of their fields in China as a unit. This is done by the linking up of mission stations with a district committee or council; and then forming a national council whitih is representative of aU the districts. The- London

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

Missionary Society and the Northern Presbyterian Board of the United States took action in this direction almost simultaneously some ten years ago, and in many respects the work of these two missions has since moved, on almost parallel lines.

"There is also a strong movement towards the union of churches on a denominational basis. There is a very large number of missions working in China, and not infrequently one denomination has several missions. For example, the Anglican Church has missionaries of the S. P. G. and the C. M. S.; from America comes the Protestant Episcopal Mission and from Canada the Mission of the Canadian Church. While the spheres of labor were separated one from the other, each bishop administered. his own diocese with little or no reference to other bishops, but as the Church developed the need became apparent for greater unity in administration. The whole Anglican Church in China has accordingly been organized as a Chinese Church with a national synod, meeting triennially. In a similar way the Presbyterian Church was formerly worked by many different missions, in many parts of China, as a number of distinct churches. An effort has been made to bring all the churches connected with these missions into one Presbyterian Church for China, and has resulted in the forming of a General Assembly which will meet triennially. The basis of administration will be that of a Chinese Church.

Another stage in the movement for cooperation may be noticed in the drawing together of nearly allied churches. The most conspicuous case of this kind has been the ralJprochement between the Presbyterian Church of China and the churches of the Congregational"order, working in connection with the L. M. S. and the American Board. The churches of the L. M. S. have been in consultation with the churches of the English Presbyterians and those of the American Reformed Church with a view to organic union in southern Fukien. This has already been consummated.

In April, 1918, representative Presbyterians and Congregationalists-Chinese, American and British-from many parts of China, met in conference at Nanking and considered the advisability and possibility of cooperation. The minutes of this conference were circulated, and delegates again met in Nanking in January, 1919. The Chinese representatives pressed for organic union, rather than for federation. They also favored as the name of the Church "The Church of Christ in China." In the Province of Kwangtung a provisional synod of the united Church has already been held. In June, 1920, the synod again met, and those who were present testified to the unity of spirit manifested, especially by the Chinese delegates.

Should this united Church be consummated throughout China it would have a communicant membership of about 100,000, or approximately one-third of the communicant membership of Protestant

churches. in China. Dr. Sparham believes that it would develop Chinese leadership, hasten the work of evangelization and prove to be a strong witness for Christian truth and Christian principles throughout the land.

Several union universities and colleges are supported by a number of agencies, and are working for the uplift of China as a whole. Among these are Canton Christian College, which stands in 150 acres of land, Canton Union Theological College in which eight missions cooperate, including the British Congregationalists, Methodists and Church of England. Hongkong University connects with the Government rather than with Christian missions. The history of the university and the L. M. S. touch at more than one point. Union Normal School at Wuchang prepares teachers for the Lower and Higher Primary Schools. Shantung Christian University at Tsinanfu was commenced by combining the educational work of the American Presbyterian and English Baptist Missions in the Province; other British, American and Canadian Missions now cooperate. Among these are the S. P. G., L. M. S. and Wesleyan Methodists. Peking University will probably become the leading university in China. Union Medical College, Peking, started by the L. M. S., has become a strong union institution.

Chinese Christians are in favM of developing a strong, united Church. From this Church may go forth men so trained in Christian principles that they may be used to purify and uplift the whole life of the people.

PROGRESS IN THE CURE OF LEPROSY F OR centuries leprosy has been considered incurable. In India, for a hundred years or more, an oil made from the seeds of a fruit not unlike the grape fruit, has been used with some beneficial results, but without cures. Dr. Heiser of the Philippines made the first long stride in the use of this chaulmugra oil treatment by using a formula hyperdermically. Now comes the news that in the Hawaiian Islands, where Dr. Dean, President of the University of Hawaii, and Dr. McDonald, have developed ethyl esters of chaulmugra oil, sixty-four patients taking this treatment during a period of months were recently discharged from the Kalihi Hospital as apparently cured.

The doctors who have been treating lepers with this formula call it "a remedial agency of great value, " and while they do not yet claim permanent cure, lepers and their friends everywhere are rejoicing to know that such hopeful results are possible. vVe should not, however, be over optimistic in regard to the permanent benefit from this treatment, since already several of the lepers recently dis-

1921J EDITORIAL COMMENT

LEPERS RECENTLY DISCHARGED FROM HA W'AIIAN LEPER ASYLUM missed in Hawaii as "cured" have returned to the leper hospital. There should be no cessation in the efforts to provide for the segregation of lepers, to care for untainted children, and to seek in other ways to "rid the world of leprosy."

The mOi't famous cure of leprosy in modern times came in answer to prayer. It is the case of Mary Reed, the young American Methodist missionary, who, while not a missionary to lepers, contracted leprosy while in India, and did not discover it until she had come home on furlough. She returned to her field to devote the remaiuder of her life to caring for these sufferers. The arrest of the disease, in answer to prayer, has caused great rejoicing, and for many years Miss Reed has continued to work for lepers in Chandag, North India. Last October she had forty-four women and sixteen men lepers, nearly all of whom have become Christians.

THE MISSIO}JARY SITUATION IN ANGOLA R ECENT letters from Angola, vVest Africa, are painful reading to those interested in the progress of Christianity among the Africans. The Portuguese government officials are reported to be openly opposing Christian activity, and are even unsympathetic with humanitarian movements. A letter written in March says: "An order has come to all the local chiefs that no school can be kept open when taught in any other than the Portuguese language. That means that practically all of the outstations must be closed. The teachers were called up, and although there were several who

speak Portuguese they were told that the schools were closed, all preaching places closed, and that they were not allowed to speak the name of Jesus except inside their houses, each man by himself.

Natives in the employ of missionaries and other foreigners (who are then responsible for payment of the native tax) are supposed to be exempt from government labor conscription. As a matter of fact, however, the officials in a high handed manner demand the services of any native they may desire. The unfortunate men may be captured in what resemble slave raids more than anything else, tied up and sent off to work for the government. If the conscripted boys escape then the villages they come from are raided by soldiers. A system of practical serfdom also obtains among some Portuguese land- owners. Another correspondent writes: "Dark clouds have rapidly gathered and some are breaking.

Orders have come from Lisbon to enforce the teaching of the Portu- guese language, and all foreign teachers and evangelists who cannot use properly the above-named language shall be obliged to discon- tinue work in Angola. The hardship is that every local office holder applies this law as he feels fit, consequently the Bailundo's work is hard hit. Twenty of our large mission outstations, along with seven belonging to Cileso, all being in one district, have been closed on the ground that the native evangelist cannot properly use the Portuguese language, and they are strictly prohibited from ever again assembling to sing sacred songs, or to mention the name of the Lord before an audience. The question of language is, we believe, but a subterfuge.

There are in our mission schools 7,000 registered pupils under organ- ized instruction, and a future ahead that promised great things. To have a baptized membership of a thousand by 1922 was certain, but now where are we ~ Think of it! In a whole section of the country Christians cannot again pray together." .

The policy of all American Protestant missions is to respect the established laws of the country where they labor. Where the govern- ment desires to have the natives instructed in French, Portuguese or other language of the rulers, missionaries are sent out who are well trained in such language. Consequently, all new American mis- sionaries sent to Angola and to Portugnese East Africa, go first to Portugal to study the language. In every way, missionaries seek to assist the government in its work of education, maintenance of order and social betterment. It is difficult, however, to understand how the Portuguese government can rightly insist on prohibiting the use of the vernacular in education and in religious services.

There is no other satisfactory medium through which to instruct the natives and win their cooperation. ThE' rights of missionaries where religious freedom exists are established by custom and by law, and it is hoped that Portugal will not continue to allow her officials to hamper Christian education.

Shifting "Thoughts" of

BY ROBERT E. SPEER A letter to the readers of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, written on board the S. S. "Dilwara" in the China Sea. September 15, 1921 DEAR FRIENDS: The editor of the REvIEw has asked me to write to you from time to timp, letters of impressions regarding the conditions which we find surrounding the missionary work in the various fields which we are to visit. We had intended to sail. from San Francisco di.rect for India and Persia on August 13th on the S. S. "Creole State," b1lt travelers on the Shipping Board boats have been subject to many vi.cissitudes and we discovered on reaching San Francisco that our sailing had been cancelled by the Pacific Mail and that no provision had been made for the disappointed passenger list. Happily we were able to transfer at once to the" Empress of Asia" of the Canadian Pacific Ocean Service, which sailed from Vancouver August 18th.

It is now easy to see the ample providential compensations for any disap- pointment due to the failttre of our first plan. We lost the visit to Manila, but gained in exchange fresh opportunities for seeing Japan and China again, a full week of conferences with missionaries and missionary committees in Shanghai and Nanking, and the privilege of crossing the Pacific with perhaps the largest number of missionaries and missionary supporters ever going out on a single vessel to the mission field. R. E. S.

The last night before we reached Shanghai, I went alone on thf~ forward deck to look off across the quiet waters toward China, and to contrast our approach with that of Robert Morrison more than a hun- dre.d and ten years ago. He came alone in the face of the opposition of the greatest commercial organization in the world, the East India Company. Noone was waiting for him. He would find no home pre- pared to welcome him, no facilities for language study, no readiness of the people to receive him. They wanted nothing that he had to offer. They had as yet awaked to no realization of their need and no thought that the outer" barbarian world" had anything to give to them. No doubt on his last night as he drew near the China coast, Morrison had gone out under the stars alone to reflect on his mission.

Before him, as before us, the Scorpion stood out clear and sharp in the southwestern sky with the Archer over against it. Vega must have shone as clearly above him as it did over us; standing out as brilliant and almost as near as a green light at the masthead. The same God looked down from the same Heavens over his ship and ours.

But how immeasurably different our missionary situation from his! Thousands of missionaries are settled now over the whole of China. Missionary agencies are at work there as powerful almost a8 all the Christian forces in Great Britain in Morrison's day. Our company would be welcomed in Shanghai by hundreds of missionary friends and would find a living Chinese church established in all the provinces. The same Scorpion would be in the sky, but it would be 917

a very different dragon upon the earth that we would find, a China humbled now, full of friendliness and good-will, dissatisfied with the past, and eager for all the help that it could receive.

But most of all I was interes1;ed in contrasting our ship's company with Morrison's. True he came out on one of the boats of David Oli- phant, who was one of the early American merchants to whom th·~ extension of the Gospel was as deep a concern as his own business.

But how much more our ship represented I There were on board per- haps a hundred and fifty missionaries, old and new, half a dozen American Boards being represented by from twenty to forty mis- sionaries each. The most powerful commercial agency in the world was represented by a deputation of thirty or forty men and women led by Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., coming out to China to express its unselfish interest in the people and to dedicate in Peking a great Medical College and Hospital, given to China for the relief of suffer- ing and for the promotion of Christian sympathy and progress. The universities of America and Great Britain had provided a deputation of some of their ablest men and women under the chairmanship of Professor E. D. Burton, which the foreign mission boards of the United States and Canada were sending out to study missionary edu- cation in China with a view to making it the most effective agency possible in building up the Christian Church and in helping the Chinese people. A group of Chinese students, men and women, who had been educated in the United States and Europe were going back with Christian principles and Christian purpose to serve their nation.

American experts in finance and education and medicine like Mr.

Stevens, the American representative on the Consortium in Peking, Professor Monroe of Columbia University, Dean Holgate of North- western University, Dr. William H. Welch of Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, and many others were also going out with the missionanr spirit. In truth the" Empress of Asia" was one huge expression of the missionary ideal, and standing under the stars that night and looking back to Japan and on to China across the tranquil waters of the Eastern Sea, I thanked God for the progress of the century past and was glad that from his place in the great "cloud of witnesses"

Robert Morrison could look down and see to what the missionary en- terprise for China has grown. • PRESENT CONDITIONS IN JAPAN I shall be speaking of China, however, in the next letter and desire now to try to summarize what we learned regarding present conditions in Japan.

"Some writers, " says Dr. Armstrong of the Methodist Church of Canada in a suggestive review of the year 1920 in Japan, "would regard the year as extremely reactionary, and in a sense it was. The business depression was no doubt a reaction after the wartime pros-

THE SHIFTING "THOUGHTS" OF JAPAN

perity. The government's return to power through the votes of the provinces; the ineffective attempts of the labor movement toward a properly organized labor union; the failure of the woman suffrage agitation, and especially of the movement for universal manhood suffrage; the nervousness on the part of the police officials lest 'dangerous thoughts,' should be read or published, are indicative of a temporary, conservative, reactionary attitude. But, on the other hand, it is scarcely right to call such events reactionary; that they ,;hould become live questions today at all, is almost revolutionary. "

There is no lack of evidence to confute those who think that Japan is nothing but a bureaucratic mechanism unshaken by the thoughts that have thrown all the rest of the world into confusion. The late Dr. D. C. Green constantly strove to point out a generation ago that even then every change and tendency of opinion in other lands was making itself felt in Japan. If he were living today, h(~ could make out his case unanswerably. The term "thoughts" has become one of the most familiar in Japanese current literature, "new thoughts," "foreign thoughts," "dangerous thoughts." Those people at home who still say carelessly that it does not matter what one thinks should come to Japan where a nation is coming to realize that everything depends on what men think, that, as Prof. Kuwaki pointfl out in a volume of lectures on present conditions speaking on the "Problem of Thoughts," "thoughts are not abstractions but involve practical and social consequences of a real nature."

Any review of present day books or periodicals in Japan will show what these new thoughts are. A visitor may get some clue to them by looking over the books in any Japanese book-shop. In a little half-Japanese, half-English, book stall at Kobe on Moto-Machi street, we found a score of English and American periodicals for sale with an extraordinary assortment of. modern fiction and hundreds of miscellaneous books from which I jotted down at random a few of the titles: Radot's "Life of Pasteur," Fenn's "Design and Tradition," Alice Meynell's "Mary the Mother of Jesus," Sidney and Beatrice Webb's" The Break-up of the Poor Law," Harold Cox's" Economic Liberty," Lord Asquith's "Industrial Problems and Disputes," Lansing's "The Peace Negotiations," -"The Mirrors of Downing Street" (a large pile of them), Hamson 's i, Hunger and Grov.rth of the Soil," J evon's "Economics," Giorgis Vassar 's "Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects," translated by Gaston De Vere, in ten volumes, and Karl Marx's" Capital." This is a representative list of the stock carried by this little shop. The Japanese titles we could not of course read, but I looked over many of the books and the magazines. The advertising pictures were crude but far more chaste than ours, and there was absolutely nothing of the salacious and decadent character which defiles the news stands and stalls in Latin America.

New economic thoughts are troubling Japan. Although the labor unions have lost from thirty to fifty per cent of their members as It remIt of the collapse of business and the hard times following the war, class consciousness and class struggle have increased in tendency. The more radical spirit of labor was shown in the general convention of the Yu-ai-kai held in October, 1920, where the majority of the gathering "ridiculed as useless the agitation for universal suffrage and advocated direct action, revolutionary if necessary." At the Yawata Government Steel Works twenty thousand strikers destroyed sixteen smelting furnaces, and in one newspaper strike in Tokyo the strikers destroyed all the fonts of type. Sixty discharged workmen at the Adachi Machine F'actory in Tokyo in January destroyed all the mechanical instruments. Revolutionary labor songs which had become popular have been forbidden by the government. The Japan Chronicle recently printed an English translation of one of these as follows: "The devilish hands of covetous capitalists with insatiable desire snatch from laborers the fruits of their labors, and 10 t capitalism is now deeply entrenched.

"Poor labol'(;)rs t They are persecuted by capitalists with tyranny, which cannot be tolerated by heaven and earth. Their blood runs like a river and their anger will be everlasting.

"Up! laborers. This is the time to carry the fortress of Capitalism and take into your hands the fruits of your own labors.

"Up! laborers, up! Sweep away the incongruous system which has reigned long, and establish the new society of labor autonomy. "

Between the most autocratic economic Bourbonism on one side and the growing forces of socialism, syndicalism, revolution and anarchy on the other side, the men and movements, still very weak, which seek a just and constructive reorganization of an impossible and transitory economic order seem likely to have an even harder time of it in Japan than in the West.

New social thoughts also are abroad. "A new vocabulary of social and industrial terms have appeared," says Mr. Merle Davis, "many of the words being taken bodily from English to express ideas that are not common in Japanese thought, for example, 'efficiency test,' 'survey,' 'clinic,' 'settlement,' 'welfare work,' 'infant mortality,' 'birth-rate,' 'turn-over,' 'industrial democracy,' 'strike,' 'labor union,' 'sabotage.' "

Women have come to a new place in business and in public life. Mrs. Hiraoka, the banker, and Mrs. Yajima, the teacher and reformer, have been followed by a great company. The business offices are full of girl clerks and stenographers. F'or the first time women have beel] admitted as special students into the Tokyo Imperial University and thirty-two have' availed themselves of the privilege. A mass meeting was held in Tokyo on July 18, 1920, to advocate woman suffrage, and several able Japanese women spoke in behalf of their political rights.

1921J THE SHIFTING "THOUGHTS" OF JAPAN

The following day a bill to extend the franchise to women was introduced into the .Japanese Diet. The galleries were filled with capable .Japanese women and the bill was given a respectful hearing although it was rejected. The old family system of .Japan has come under criticism, and no thoughts which ever come to a nation are more difficult and dangerous than those which affcct the foundations of its familv life.

The rigid political thought and organization of .Japan has also lJegun to be troubled by new questionings. The hand of discipline is still stiff enough, as some of those who have lost their father's faith in freedom would make it at home. Last November the government sent Prof. Morito of the Tokyo Imperial University to prison for three months for issuing an article on Kropatkin's "Studies on Socialism." Some soldiers who were coming home from military service were met by friends with a banner inscribed" Congratulation upon Your Release From Prison." Beyond all doubt this was a "dangerous thought, " and the banner bearers were put under arrest. Nevertheless the democratic, anti-militaristic movement has steadily gathered strength. The sensible industrial elements of the nation crowd steadily in upon the militarists, So strong has the democratie movement become that the conservative spirit has been forced to read it into .Japanese political tradition. "Democracy is said to be a very old idea in .Japan practiced by the very earliest emperors. Even the removal of the trees around the Imperial Palace is given a democratic explanation."

Each year new voices are raised with new courage and strength in behalf of liberal institutions at home and a just and generous policy abroad. Two million school children made a contribution to relieve the famine suffering in China, and a Japanese paper, the Oriental Economist, has recently attacked the idea that the .Japanese are justified in a desire for political control over Manchuria and Mongolia because of their necessity to .Japan as sources of food stuff and raw materials. It has sought to prove that Japan is not so dependent and that even if she were it would be more to her advantage to obtain her materials by the simple process of trade than to take them from a hostile people under .Japanese tutelage. In these matters, however, the Japanese press, to say the least, is not better than our own, and on any day that a visitor may be in the country he can read incendiary material enough on both sides of the Disarmament Conference, of the Anglo-.Japanese Alliance and of the questions of relations with the United States and China.

FORCES OF RELIGION Back of all these new thoughts we are interested most of all in the forces of religion. Of the strong and probably strengthened grip of Shintoism there can perhaps be little question. Six years ago T

visited the imperial shrines in Ise around which every influence which could be officially controlled was throwing the glamor and appeal of patriotism and national devotion. I saw also the great tomb of the late emperor which had just been erected in Kioto at the very heart of the national life of Japan and with obvious purpose to bind together its political and religious significance. Now, on this visit I saw the great new Meiji shrine which had just been erected at Tokyo, and toward which the devotion and worship, especially of the youth of Japan, are being directed with the highest skill and authority. Surely it can no longer be maintained, as for some years the government did maintain, that Shinto is not a religion in its present day interpretation. Powerful forces in Japan seem bent on making it as pure an emperor-worship as the religion of Imperial Rome. One recalls the letter which Baron Motoda, the most trusted friend of the late emperor, wrote to Prince Iwakura in 1873 at the very beginning of Japan's modern life. Baron Motoda set forth the same view in a series of lectures delivered to the emperor himself.

"Ever since the opening and development of the visible universe a sole ruler, direct descendant of the unbroken and imperishable lineage of the Heavenly Ancestress, has ruled over the people of Japan. The chief and primary duty of that people has lain in their relation to their lord, and that has included every other conceivable bond. He has bent upon them the tender gaze of a parent, their eyes have been turned up to him as those of children. "

Motoda urged the adoption of a definite program of education to maintain and develop these "immemorial traditions." On the whol!) It is probably true that ever since Motoda's day ami now, the predominant governmental influence in Japan has been and is secularistic and agnostic, but there has always been a strong party, and it is especially vigorous today, which would officially direct both education and Shintoism to the strengthening of the cult of emperor-worship. Dr. Genchi Kato insists upon the divine nature of the emperor and exalts him to the same position as the Jewish Jehovah. He and Mr. Yasuhara charge the low state of national morality to the government's elimination of religious elements from Shinto shrine cere·· monies. But surely the government or some forces which act with itl"i authority, in the most deliberate and powerful way seek to bind tho conscience and devotion of the nation to the religious veneration of the Imperial line in the new Meiji Shrine whose beauty and simplicity is certainly beyond praise.

The identification of a living emperor with Jehovah will, however, be found an impossible task.. One may without the least disrespect say, in the face of such an official announcement as was recently made, that the emperor would have to diminish his active work. "Glucosouria has been observed"; said the official bulletin, "hip gout, nervous trouble, along with difficulty in speech. His condition

THE SHIFTING "THOUGHTS" OF JAPAN

has improved but his utterance is not clear. Except in urgent cases, he will refrain from formal duties, such as audiences with foreign diulomats and official ceremonies."

. It will be interesting to watch the effect upon Buddhism of this tremendous development of Shintoism for political-religious purposes. It is probably true, as many claim, that Buddhism retains but slight influence among the educated and intelligent classes. Its activities among the people, however, are greater than ever, and nowhere in the world is a greater tribute paid to Christianity and the methods of its propagation than by the unhesitating imitation of them on the part of Japanese Buddhism. Its claims to the develop· ment of a great network of Sunday schools has been subjected to a pretty ruthless criticism by Dr. Reischauer, and the total amount of philanthropic and social service work claimed by the Buddhists themselves, in a booklet which they distributed among the foreign delegates to the World's Sunday School Convention in Tokyo, cannot (Jompare with the activities of anyone of a dozen of our home denominations, though the pamphlet appears to cover the work of fortysi'C million Buddhists.

How can either Shintoism or Buddhism really meet the needs of inqniring human spirits1 What do their own symbols confess1 All over the world the three monkeys of Nikko, one with his hands over his eyes, a second with his hands over his mouth, a third with his hands over his· ears, are supposed to embody the moral warning of Buddhism, to see and speak and hear nothing that we ought not. What they really symbolize is the doctrine of Buddhism that in this evil and transitory world there is nothing worth man's while to hear or say or see. What is it to which the worshipper comes in a Shinto Shrine when he has passed up the long and beautiful passage way between the crytomeria trees, past the stone faxes, under the many torii, and stands at last where the answer to his long quest is to be found ~ Nothing but a mirror meets and mocks him there. Shintoism turns the seeker back upon himself, and shows him nothing but his own longing. It is not strange that both in Buddhism and in Shintoism sect after sect has arisen seeking some new way, and it is not tJurprising that in Japan today just as everywhere else in the world the human spirit, foiled in its search, turns aside into oblique ways. rrenrikyo and Konkoyo and now Omotokyo are all evidences that the heart of Japan is still abroad on the great search. All three of these religions were started by ignorant women, and the latest, which has made a deep stir in Japan, is a queer mixture of mysticism, com· munism, faith healing, and other of the familiar twists and turnings of the human spirit untutored of the Truth.

How can the Christian churches of the West do more to help the Christian churches of Japan to do their work in the midst of all these new thoughts and groping movements in present day Japan7 Since

Baron Motoda wrote to Prince Iwakura, the Christian churches have grown from one to twelve hundred and the membership from a mere handful to one hundred and thirty thousand on the rolls of the Prot- estant churches alone. These churches have already supplied Japan with scores and hundreds of its ablest and most useful men. Uemura, Ebina, Kozaki, Hiraiwa, Hibiki, Morimura, Ebara, Yamamuro, Ibuka, Imai, Miyagawa, and scores of others are Christian names, the peen; of any in any land. I should like to speak at length of many of these and others like Justice Watanabe of the Supreme Court of Korea, Judge Mitsui, who deals with juvenile delinquents in Tokyo, Taro Ando and Sho Ncmoto, the reformers, and Mr.. Tagawa, vice mayor of Tokyo, who spoke the truth though it meant imprisonment.

It. is an inspiration to see the strength and courage and compe- tence of these churches in Japan, to behold their order, their friendly federations, and their sympathetic cooperation with the foreign mis- sionaries. The present is the day of all days for the churches at home to support these churches and missions in Japan by enabling them to put forth the maximum of direct evangelistic effort and to use to the limit every opportunity of press and Rchoo1.

The new Woman's Union College in Tokyo should be given in America and in Japan all it needs. The more liberal attitnde of the government towards Christian schools shonld be unstintedly utilized. The signs of a freer day are found on every side. At Shimonoseki, where for many years the girls' school had been accustomed to annual threats of violence, this year honor has descended upon it at the hands both of governor and of mayor. The governor caused a celebration in memory of the thirtieth anniversary of the introduction of the Im- perial Rescript on Education, and with due ceremony presented to all those who had taught in Yamaguchi over thirty years a beautiful page of language and a splendid box made of the original Yamaguchi lacquer. Miss Bigelow came second in the list of five. At Commence- ment time the mayor used Miss Bigelow, her" great age" and marvel- ous energy, as a theme for an address in one of the public schools, holding her up as an example for the yonth of this district to follow. In Fukui at a recent exhibit at the Girl's High School there were found among the pictures made by the girls an unusual number of Christian subjects-copies of Madonnas, the Nativity, the Crucifix- ion, the Resurrection, the Infant Samuel; pictures not only of West- minster Abbey and Rheims Cathedral, but also one of a humble coun- . try church with the caption" Religion is the Basis of Civilization." The place of honor in this same room was given to three large pic- tures of the world's great religious leaders, the Lord Jesus Christ occupying' the central, most conspicuous position. Shall Christ have this place, not in the Fukui High School exhibit only but shall He be supreme in all the life of Japan7

MAIN ENTRANCE TO PEKING UNION MEDICAL

Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., stands outside the gate. The occasion of his visit was the opening of this $10,000,000 Institution.

The Peking Union Medical College BY PROF. B. E.READ,PEKING, CHINA Associate Professor of Physiological Chemistry and Pharmacology in Peking Union Medical College and Member of the London Missionary Society D R. WILLIAM LOCKHART, pioneer medical missionary of the London Missionary Society, came to China in 1859. Owing to the obstacles placed in his way in Canton he removed his work to Macao.• In 1861 he went to Peking and there opened up the first dispensary for the practice of western medicine. During the following fifty years, with very little interruption, this dispensary treated about one and a half million patients. The eventual outcome is the Peking Union Medical College and in memory of the pioneer the pre-medical college building is called the "Lockhart Hall."

So great is the distress in the Far East due to ill health and infectious diseases that in pity and benevolence men have turned their minds towards ways of relieving this distress. Up to 1900 this was done by individual societies. Then the destruction of buildings during the Boxer outbreak provided an opportunity for closer cooperation and united effort. The pioneer of union movements was established by the missions in Peking, and one of the objects was to give medical education to any person applying with a good preparatory education and sound moral character. Men and money were scarce, and the movement went forward supported by the faith and labor 925

of such men as Dr. Thomas Cochrane, a graduate of Glasgow University and a member of the London Missionary Society, who was at the head of the institution. He succeeded in uniting the efforts of six bodies, viz., American Presbyterian Mission, American Board Mission, Methodist Episcopal Mission, Anglican Mission, London Missionary Medical Association, and London Mission, each of these missions contributing the services of one or more doctors to the work.

The Union Medical College was opened on February 12, 1906, with an entering class of thirty-nine students selected from over two hundred applicants. Bishop Scott, of the Anglican Mission, gave an addr ess in which he pointed out that the school was pioneer in "Union" and in "Medicine. " The school was "built with money LIBRARY AND DIRECTOR'S OFFICES OF THE MEDICAL COLLEGE BUILDINGS The roof and decora.tions are designed after most characteristic and exquisite in Chinese archi- te ut11re awl a rt.

subscribed from various sources including the Empress Dowager of China who sent a special commissioner to the opening ceremony. The upkeep of the work depended on students' fees, London Mission subscriptions and Government grants. 1Vhen the school was reorganized no government grant was being given and it is now entirely supported by the China Medical Board of the Rockefeller Foundation. Mr. Oliver Jones, of Liverpool, gave money to put up the Oliver OtTones dormitory to accommodate the rapidly growing number of students.

T eaching medicine in Chinese was exceptionally difficult through the lack of native medical literature. A complete lexicon of Chinese medical nomenclature has been prepared by Doctor Cousland and others, and has brought about great progress in such literature.

'fHE PEKING UNION :lIEDICAL COLLEGE

Efforts were made also to found a Pathological Museum and a Materia Medica collection.

Early days saw the out-patient department flooded with people suffering from every kind of sickness. Later, under the principalship of Dr. E. J. Stuckey, the out-patient department was organized and patients were divided according to their requirements and attended to by doctors assigned to each branch of the service. Over 50,000 per annum passed through the doctor's hands. After feast days there was a great run on castor oil and rhubarb mixture, and after the _ revolution when many southerners came north, there was much malaria each summer. Most numerous of all were minor surgical cases. Opium suicides were plentiful and other cases of interest were THE AUDITORIUM OF THE MEDICAL COLLEGE to be seen every and any day. Naturally many needed attention as ill-patients, and appeals were made with success to extend and improve the hospital rooms and equipment.

Fifty years after Dr. William Lockhart first came to Peking, the Peking Union Medical College graduated its first class of students. Sixteen' of the original thirty-nine to enter obtained their diplomas, and with one exception all took up work in mission hospitals. Though the salaries were low the experience and opportunity for service was unparalleled. This graduating year had given the men a taste of organized public service. When a very severe outbreak of pneumonic plague occurred at Harbin and throughout the north in October 1910, the senior students all voluntarily took part in stamping out this epidemic, and two of them succl1.:t1bed to it while at their post of duty.

There has always been considerable difficulty in teaching modern medicine in China on account of the prejudice against post-mortem examination.; anatomy being taught by sets of bones and mannikins. It was considered a very great step in advance when in 1914 permission was secured from the Government to conduct post mortems and a certain amount of material was made available from Government prisons.

The support and administration of the hospital was always a heavy burden on the London Missionary Society, and with the hope of greater efficiency in men and methods, a wider medical Union was brought up for discussion. The American Presbyterian and the American Board Missions joined in this program and a good contribution to the hospital work was made in men and equipment.

At about this time a Commission sent out by the Rockefeller Foundation to investigate the medical need and opportunities in China came to visit the hospital. This visit led to the formation of the China Medical Board which subsequently took over the Peking Union Medical College.

A new Board of Trustees, consisting of seven representatives appointed by the Rockefeller Foundation and six representatives from the participating Mission Boards laid it down as an essential in the new school that a "missionary atmosphere" be maintained in the work, thus recognizing the noble work of the past while seeking to cooperate with the existing religious and benevolent medical work conducted in China.

Since the school was taken over by the new Board of Trustees a sum approximating $10,000,000 has been expended in land and buildings, and the annual budget amounts to nearly $1,000,000. About 150 people, members of the staff and some 300 helpers, are serving the institution. The dedication ceremony of this great plant, September 15 to 22, was attended by hundreds of distinguished visitors from all over the world, and there has now formally been launched a unique union effort which will affect the whole of the Far East. The College is one of the best in the world. The buildings are beautiful with shining green tiles and artistic Chinese ornamentation. Doctor Cochrane, who was present at the opening ceremonies, described how in 1901 he stood looking sadly at a pile of broken bricks, the only material remains of the old work carried on by Doctor Lockhart and his successors, but said he: "I then dreamed a dream which has now come true and today I find myself constantly repeating the words of 'The Old Book' 'and David said that the house that is to be builded for the Lord must be exceeding magnifical of fame and of glory throughout all countries …… a palace for the Lord God.' "

WANTED GIRLS OF INDIA-WHO SHALL HAVE THEM?

The Wanted Children of India BY AMY WILSON CARMICHAEL, TINNEVELLY, SOUTH INDIA -I Author of "Things as they Are-In India, " Etc. N one of the Native States of India there lived some years ago a certain well-known man who was the king's standard-bearer. His home was a simple place but happy, for the mother was a gentle-hearted woman and the little sons were kindly nurtured.

But trouble fell in storms. 'l'he father died, the mother died, the elder brother influenced by evil men turned his young brother out, so that all the property might be his, and the child, a very small lad, went forth weeping.

929

He was a loving boy, for his mother had been all a mother should be to him, and he missed her sorely. The father whom he always saw with his mind's eye carrying the flag in great processions, had been the pride of his heart. The brother's action had been a shock, for he had never thought he would act so, and could hardly believe he had. Sore wounded and grieving, he sought a shelter and found one in a wicked house where such boys as he, good to look upon, well born and well trained, are valued. But soon after his arrival he fell from an upper window on to a stone-paved courtyard and was tossed aside as hurt beyond repair. For days he lay moaning in pain, and only slowly recovered. "From that time forth always there was pain in me," he said as he told the pitiful little tale, not pitifully, but in an even, weak, tired voice. He was too tired then to care for anything.

Weeks passed. He finally recovered from his hurt (except for that inward pain of which no one knew, as he told no one, covering it and all his other griefs with the brave reserve of a lonely child). The people who possessed him had planned to use him in one of the three ways such little lads are used in South India-temple service, the drama, or adoption by Mohammedans. The first two are interrelated, the third is as fatal to all righteousness. But in that moment of peril a strong hand was put forth, and he was saved from anyone of these fates.

When after long journeying he was brought to us, we saw a sorrowful face, thin and worn, and lit with great wistful eyes, unboyish in their gravity. He did not care to play, and liked better to lie down and look listlessly on the life about him. "I am tired. I do not care for games," he would say if invited to join. This continued for many days.

At last the boy in him woke up, and then the soul of the boy. He played games, tackled a new language, for his tongue was different, asked strange questions: Who is God ~ In what does He differ from the gods of Hinduism? How could he be sure that what missionaries told is true? Is the Book true all through or only in certain parts? (Joyfully we told him, it is true all through.) Those who had to do with him will never forget the sudden incoming of understanding. The Lord his Saviour became real to him, known, precious. The boy's whole nature changed, his outlook, manner, the plane of his existence became new, swept by the Wind of the Spirit. We marveled, and still marvel, as we see the eager little lad translating laboriously, but with the ardent energy of boyhood from his vernacular into ours his New Testament and the hymns he loves, or as he tries to pour upon us the wonder of his heart that this Christ of whom he has so lately heard is his King-his royal King-and he, His chosen flag-bearer.

THE W ANT:Bm CHILDREN OF INDIA

He has recovered from his hurt to body and to soul. He is keen in games arid in all the joys of life, learns eagerly, and has, we trust, a fine future before him. He is one of a group of such little lads for whom we earnestly ask the prayers of all who have hearts to care about spoiled boy life, and love to spare for these greatly "Wanted boys of India."

For the very cause of our existence here is that the children are wanted. The little girls are wanted, we· have rarely been first in our search for them. In our part of the country as a rule the children desired by temples and dramatic companies must be what is known as "Caste," but those not so distinguished if good to look upon are also sought, and every child saved from such a living death has behind him or her a battle visible and invisible. If any doubt the awful might of the "powers of the air" let him come to India and try to save children appointed to death.

A few weeks ago we were in the midst of a Hindu festival. 'fhe great car, drawn by hundreds of panting perspiring men, as an act of merit, slowly passed the place where we stood. Looking up to its shrine we saw five little boys, temple boys, ministering in various ways to the god within. Usually little girls in silks and jewels and much garlanded stand with the women of the temple as the car passes slowly round the town. But on that day there were only boys.

We looked up at them, they were so near that we could have spoken to them, but leagues of spiritual distance lay between. How can these leagues be bridged1 Only by prayer, by love-urged ardent prayer, and by that which love alone can offer, sacrifice. Will that love, will that sacrifice be found in those t6 which this appeal goes ~ "Blessed are they who would hold the crown on His head and buy Christ's honor with their own losses." Yes, blessed are they.

This paper is no mere contribution to a missionary magazine, it is a cry for reinforcements, new help, real help in prayer. The foes of these special children are not such tangible ills as poverty and neglect, but infinitely more strong and subtle, and cruel beyond power to describe. They must be conquered on onr knees.

·The Great Essential in

DWIGHT GODDARD, LANCASTER, MASS. Formerly a Missionary in China; Now Editor of Good News NEARLY every great missionary organization is facing a very serious monetary crisis. Some must seriously consider a re- duction of forces, the curtailment of work, or·the abandonment of particular fields or stations.

This brings to the front the question as to what is the great essential in missionary service. We think of the Great Oommission of Christ when He told His Disciples to "go into all the world and topreach the gospel to all," to teach, to make disciples, to heal the sick. We recall Jesus' answer to the inquiry of John the Baptistthe sick are healed, lepers are cleansed, the dead are raised, the poor have the Good News preached to them. Jesus himself went about doing good, healing the sick, talking to men and women by the wayside, teaching by parable and precept, and sending out disciples by twos and twos.

From the teaching and example of Christ are we not warranted in sayiug that the New Testament type of Christian work is the planting of living seed by word and life, rather than the el;ltablishment of highly organized institutions. It was personal testimony addressed to individuals or groups who were told to scatter, not aimlessly but free to move as the Spirit of God lead them. They were not to make elaborate preparation and provision for all possible emergencies, or needs, but were to go out in serene faith in God's providential care. Many were even to be self-supporting and to do their missivnary work between times.

The healing ministry was a prominent part of their work by the roadside. They were to proclaim the Good News of God's love and of a spiritual life, where all men's greatest needs would be satisfied. They were to witness from their personal experience as to the reality and the satisfaction and power of this life. They were to tell the story of Jesus' life and teachings, of His death and resurrection, and they were to illustrate it by their own changed lives of love and peace and power.

The new disciples were to unite into groups, fellowships and brotherhoods, that would be self-supporting, socially helpful, mutually inspiring and self-extending. They were to teach, not some highly intellectual system of doctrine, but what Jesus had told them of God, of His Law of Love, and of the way to an eternal life of spirit. Especially they were to teach by example; by so living a life of kindness, simplicity and faith, that the radiant energy of divine life and love in them, might vitalize those with whom they came into contact.

932 The New Testament type of missions was in short individuals going to individuals in a spirit of love, to win them to Jesus the Christ, and to unite these into groups who would practice the law of love in fellowship and cooperative good will. Such missionary serv- ice was possible through the gift of the Holy Spirit, who evidenced Himself in a new illumination of trust, a richer experience of life and a deeper faith. This is the higher and eternal life of spirit that is "hid with Christ in God."

This mission carried out most directly the two great directions of Jesus; Love God and your fellowmen, and Go into all the world to make disciples of all men through the Gospel of Christ.

Do modern missionaries correspond with this New Testament type 7 1. Is the missionary call today a call to the simple preaching of the Gospel or is it to· go out and organize work by spreading denominations7 Is the faith of workers anchored in the love and power of God and in His ability to provide the means, or is our faith today mainly in the solvency of the denominations 7 2. In the attempts to reach all nations, are Christ's workers scattering into unoccupied fields or is there concentration and overlapping in certain lands and in large cities1 3. Do missionaries go as a rule today depending on God for support, or do they require a comfortable assurance of adequate support by an organized group at home? Apostolic missionaries must have been united by a sense of common need to those among whom they settled. There was no atmosphere of professionalism to divide the missionary from his hearers.

4. Do modern missionaries depend too little on God's healing power and too much on the efficacy of medicine and surgery and highly specialized hospitals? Medical missionaries have carried on a wonderful healing ministry but many have become too professional and institutionalized through large hospitals.

5. Do modern missionaries adequately emphasize the necessity for spiritual life or do they too often lay too much stress on the value of the intellectual and ethical elements of religion 7 So much attention is given to combating the error in various ethnic faiths that too little sympathy is given to the imperfect searchings after God which are found in the non-Christian religions.

6. Do modern missionaries lay enough stress on leading men to become" Children of God" in contrast to making them, in an intellectual sense, good Methodists, good Congregationalists, good Episcopalians1 7. Has not the idea of Christian fellowship often been subordinated to the modern idea of a church organized for service? The modern church would have a stronger spirit of brotherhood if mutual

benefits, old-age pensions and similar ministries had not been turned over to outside organizations and if more sympathy were shown to industrial, commercial and social expressions of brotherhood. Has not the capitalistic system become too dominant a part of the organized Church 1 8. Modern missionaries are in danger in specializing on so-called higher education to such an extent that pastoral training, Bible teaching, and simple primary education are neglected. Does the time and money so lavishly expended in college and university training yield results from a Christian viewpoint proportionate to that coming from pastoral training and evangelism ~ 9. The New Testament reveals the method of teaching by personal witness and example. In many stations modern missionaries are surrounded by so many comforts that they are isolated from the people whom they go to help. Residences, which at home would be considered ordinary, seem palatial in the midst of pagan poverty. Would not the missionary message and example be more effective if the messengers' manner of life were more consistent, with a community of fellowship and spirit, and if a common need promoted sympathy and humility1 God is Love! .And His love expressed itself in sending His own Son to be born of a virgin in a home of poverty to be "like unto His brethren." For love our Lord Jesus endured the cross, despising the shame. "He humbled Himself."

Human nature, be it Christian or pagan, rich or poor, high or low, reacts to love most surely when it finds expression on a common level. Love is unifying and harmonizing. .Any great difference in economic, political or cultural standing is just so much more to be overcome, before love can do its perfect work. Jesus knew what He was doing when He sent out His disciples two by two, without extra resources and told them to live with the people to whom they went, with love's message, and love's benediction.

In conclusion, is it not time for followers of Christ to consider whether modern missions are too largely organized and institutionalized; whether too much stress is not laid on higher education, social ethics, and denominational standards~ Great institutions, fine equipments, federations, surveys and emphasis on efficiency have their value, but require immense financial resources and often tend to separate rather than unite. The elaborate higher educational institutions do not provide their quota of ministers of the Gospel, but rather fill the ranks of a highly organized secular society. Simple training, coupled with the power of the Holy Spirit, are the sources from which the ministry is recruited. The simple village church in non-Christian lands, as at home, is the most prolific source of Christian leaders, rather than the institutions of the cities.

THE GREAT ESSENTIAL IN MISSIONS

The question therefore arises, would it not be more effective for a Mission Board to spend $20,000 a year for native evangelists than to spend the same amount to run a university? Higher education, hospitals, agricultural schools, industrial training and social bureaus should be furnished by governments and supported by general taxation rather than by missionary societies through benevolent contributions. If society or individuals in society are indifferent to this need and responsibility missionary organizations, founded to evangelize the world, cannot undertake to supply the lack. When men and women are "born again" into newness of life they will awaken to the need of better social conditions and will themselves put forth efforts to supply the need.'

There are Mission Boards and Societies that have adopted this principle and that are conserving their income so that it may go as far as possible in evangelistic lines. The result is that the cost per capita of missionaries and converts in these societies is astonishingly low. Some of these societies, like the China Inland Mission, are accomplishing marvelous work along spiritual lines.

History proves the advantage of the apostolic methods by the phenomenal growth of the early church under the greatest of difficulties. Consider the success of the early missions in non-Christian lands. Consider the work of many of the so-called "faith" missions today. Consider the work of some non-Christian cults like the Mormons and Moslems that do not include in their program schemes for general education, and do not guarantee "adequate support" for their missionaries.

Most of our denominational Mission Boards are in financial straits and face the necessity for retrenchment. It would be wise for them to consider a return to the New Testament type of Christian propaganda by omitting the expensive forms of work that do not contribute directly to the religious objective in their missions. Expenses of the executive offices at home might be reduced if the work were simplified, and if less time and money were spent on expensive surveys, commissions, conferences, departments and elaborate literature. Instead of withdrawing from needy fields, a reduction of expenses may be made by spending less on "overhead" and on elaborate institutions. It is also much more costly to support workers in large centers on the mission fields, where many societies are located, than it is to conduct less pretentious stations by scattered missionaries. Money can be used more advantageously also by building less expensive houses, churches, hospitals, and schools. There can be no justification in offering to missionaries salaries that compare favorably with those of doctors and teachers at home, or with those of foreigners in secular positions abroad. The se1£- sacrificing spirituality that we encourage in the native ministry must

be inspired by the self-abnegation, sympathy, and earnest service of the missio'naries on the field and the secretaries in the Home Office.

A missionary can only serve the cause of Christ as he becomes an open channel for the power and creative love of God to reach some fellow man. Missionaries are but points of contact for the Divine Love to reach needy, seeking souls. Insulation by social circumstances or physical comforts or lack of sympathy is as fatal as the insulation of physical distance and other barriers. These defeat the usefulness of missionaries and hinder the true work of the Holy Spirit. A family living humbly and witnessing in a loving way to the heathen around them will, with the blessing of God's Spirit, be more truly successful in mission work than an expensive university or hospital for which the highly trained specialists are required. Eternal life can only come to a soul by the power of the Holy Spirit. 'When He dwells in man other things needful will be supplied.

The point to be noted is this: the outstanding characteristic of modern missions is their emphasis on organization, education and institutionalism, all of which are expensive and are not essential to missionary work as inaugurated by Jesus and as proven by long and varied experience to be wise and efficient. Let us remember that love is the essence of Christianity, love for God through Jesus Christ our Lord and true love for one another. Any policy which uplifts Christ and radiates the most loving good will is certain to be most efficient and least wasteful, because it draws on God's infinite resources of goodness, wisdom and power.

ADVICE TO MEMBERS OF MISSIONARY SOCIETIES How to Kill How to Keep Alive 1. Stay away from meetings. 1. Attend all meetings. 2. When you come arrive late. 2. Be on time if possible. 3. Whisper during the meeting. 3. Be attentive and respectful. 4. Find fanlt with the work of officers 4. Encourage officers and committees- and committeeR. show your appreciation. 5. Decline to serve in any capacity. 5. Accept office or place on a committee 6. If put on a committee, don't attend where yon can render a service. meetings. 6. Set a good example by your faithful 7. If asked your opinion, keep quiet, performance of any duty. but later tell others what should 7. Wisely join in deHberations and have been done. B. When others work hard to help, ob· show interest in others' suggestions. ject because the clique is running B. Have confidence in your fellow things. 9. Delay paying dnes as long as yon workers-freely give-freely take- can and delay answering letters. help. 10. Don 't bothe~ about getting new 9. Promptly and gladly pay dues. members-" Let George do it." Answer communications promptly and courteously. 10. Strengthen the organization by en· couraging llew members to join.

A BUSY STREI];T [N CARACAS

Venezuela-A Neglected Neighbor BY REV, WEBSTER E, BROWNING, PH.D, Educational Sccret:1rY of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America V ENEZUELA now ranks third in size and population among the countries and islands of the Caribbean-Gulf of Mexico area. Its population is estimated at around 3,000,000 and its area, 394,000 square miles, is exceeded only by that of Colombia and Mexico. This area is about equal to the combined areas of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois.

It is one of the most sparsely settled countries of Latin America, although its natural resources might sustain a very dense population in comparative comfort. The surface is divided into three district zones, the hot lands lying along the sea, the cooler zone immediately inland, and the more elevated forest regions of the interior which in turn give way to the immense llanos, or plains, which extend to the frontiers of the Guianas on the east, Brazil on the south, and Colombia on the west. The agricultural zone, near the coast, is rich in the production of coffee, cacao, sugar cane, cotton and corn, while the more elevated sections of the interior provide grazing grounds for great herds of cattle, horses, sheep and goats and the forests COll- 937

tribute India rubber, vanilla, tonga beans and many fine woods, especially mahogany.

The history of Venezuela has been stormy and, although a republic in name, since the year 1859, it has been almost continuously under the iron rule of dictators whose main ambition was their own exaltation and enrichment, and who cared little for the uplift and progress of the people. Many sinister names, such as that of Cibriano Castro, appear on the pages of its history, and even today there is but little personal liberty, the public press is muzzled, and Venezuela blindly obeys the behest of a single individual.

Since 1908 the present incumbent of the presidency has been supreme, and, although more benevolent in his rule than was Doctor Manuel Estrade Cabrera, of Guatemala, he "is none the less a dictator. No paper can be published for any length of time that does not laud him periodically with fulsome praise, and whatever may be said against him is said with bated breath and in continual fear of prison walls or an order to embark within a given time for foreign shores. And yet, it may be questioned if this semi-military dictatorship is not at present the best rule for the country. Unaccustomed to enlightened self-government, it is probable that an attempt to elect a President by popular vote would result in a civil war from which someone else would quickly emerge as military dictator and the last estate of the country would probably be worse than the present. There is need of much work in the enlightenment of the people before popular government may be expected to prove a success in Venezuela.

THE CHURCH AND THE STATE With the Spanish explorers and conquerors came the representatives of the Church of Rome, and right well did they do their part in the subjugation of the Indian tribes and in abetting the endeavors of the King of Spain to maintain his bloody rule in those hard-won lands. The Church was practically supreme in Venezuela, the court of last appeal, in all matters of state, until the coming into power of General Guzman Blanco. In 1873 this dictator expelled the Jesuits, the monks and nuns who had established themselves in the country, and confiscated their property. One of the vacated church buildings, a magnificent edifice now again occupied by the Catholics, was offered to the Protestants of the city but there was then no organization to accept the offer, which was afterward withdrawn. All parish schools were ordered abolished, civil marriage was instituted, the cemeteries were opened to the dead of all faiths or creeds, and priests were deprived of their power as well as of their fees.

In 1876 the papal nuncio and the archbishop were expelled, because the latter had refused to order a Te Deum sung in the cathedral in honor of some victory of one of the dictators. It was on this occa-

A GENEItAL VIEW OF CAItACAS, VENEZUELA–THE CATHEDItAL IS IN THE

sion that Guzman Blanco sent his famous message to the Congress, in which he declared the Church of Venezuela independent of the Roman ]1jpiscopate. This message not only produced the local effect he desired but also awakened the minds of public men in other South American lands to the possibility of freeing the State from the incubus of a medieval ecclesiasticism which was always at war with their ambitions for liberty and sought only its own aggrandizement.

The Congress immediately sent the following reply to the dictator, which represents the mode of procedure under such conditions: "Faithful to our duties, faithful to our convictions, and faithful to the holy dogmas of the religion of Jesus Christ,-of that Great Being who conserved the world's freedom with His blood,-we do not hesitate to emancipate the Church of Venezuela from the Episcopacy which pretends, as an infallible and omnipotent power, to absorb from Rome the vitality of a free people, the – beliefs of our conscience, and the noble aspirations and destinies which pertain to us as component parts of the great human family_ "

Although shorn of its political power by Guzman Blanco, the Roman Catholic Church has at length succeeded in winning back many of its former prerogatives. It is, however, a decadent institution, with no life in itself and hence unable to quicken its adherents. One of the thinking men whom I met, Raid, "The Church has no power in Venezuela, political, moral or spiritual. It is degenerate and we have no use for it and no confidencE' in it. vVe have no religion."

At the same time, as the State Church, it continues to receive a subsidy from the government in order that it may be kept under the government. The people still are held in ignorance of the Bible and its teachings. No other Latin American country is so palpably nonreligious, yet the Virgin is exalted in an unusual degree and takes precedence over Jesus Christ in the images and paintings of the churches. Such teaching has had its baneful effect on the people, so that Venezuela, to an unusual degree, may be said to be a godless nation, whose thinking men and women reject the only form of Christianity they have ever known and who have no one to lead them into the better way.

It was in the midst of a society that was thoroughly inimical to the Church of Rome, yet by force of tradition and teaching unfriendly to and exceedingly suspicious of Protestantism, that the foundations of evangelical work were laid in Venezuela. The American Bible Society seems to have been the first to reach the field, some time in the early eighties. Bishop Patterson, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was sent to open a mission, but soon died of the yellow fever, in Caracas. At about the same time the Christian Brethren, of England, entered the field.

-The first organized Mission Board to send its representatives to Venezuela was that of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., which, in 1897, transferred the Rev. Theodore S. Pond and Mrs. Pond from

VENEZUI,A-A NEGI,ECTED NEIGHBOR

the Colombian Mission to Caracas. They have laid foundations deep and broad on which it should be possible to build a strong Evangelical Church in Venezuela.

For fifteen years they labored alone, but the Board at last heard their repeated calls for help, and now two other missionary families and an unmarried young lady are beginning to share with them the responsibilities and the joy of the work.

Other Christian organizations have also entered the field until eleven such groups are now represented, but the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions is the· only great Mission Board at work in Venezuela. Until i913 its work was limited to the capital city of Caracas. Urgent calls have come from other centers and the entire republic is open to and ripe for evangelization but the small mission force has not been able to reach out beyond the outskirts of Caracas, and in this city itself but a fraction of the population has been reached. A beginning has now been made in the acquisition of property which, in the estimation of the public gives the work a character of permanency which it formerly lacked, and greatly increases the efficiency of the workers. The new church property is sufficiently commodious to serve as a center for the evangelistic work of the city for some years to come, inasmuch as the Church should be sending out groups who will organize into other congregations in distant sections. A new chapel has recently been bought in the eastern section of the city, which is both thickly populated and very needy.

Services are held in the Central Church and in the Candelaria property several times a week and also in a number of the houses of members who live in different parts of the city. In the church there is a Sunday school of 75 to 100 members, and an attendance at the night service of about the same number. In Candelaria there are about 25 in the Sunday school and the same number in the preaching services. There is one ordained national worker and another is to be ordained very soon. There are also five other students for the ministry, all of them consecrated earnest young men, who will be a great addition to the force when they have completed their studies. Two schools are nominally under the control of the Mission. One is the" Cole/Jio A m'erican 0.') which occupies a rented building near the church, and which is primarily, a school for girls. Boys to the age of thirteen are also admitted, but the total enrolment does not exceed forty. The other school, which has about 30 pupils, is carried on in the new Candelaria property and is free to the children of the congregation.

The eleven religious bodies working in Venezuela represent various kinds of theology. or none at all, and their combined influence on Venezuelan life and character has not been great.

1. The Presbyterians, with seven foreign workers, one ordained national worker, six students in preparation for ordination, one Bible woman, and

.three national teachers in two schools. The work is confined to the city of Caracas. In the central" Church of the Redeemer" there are one elder and two deacons, and the total number of co.mmunicant members would not exceed one hundred.

2. The Scandinavian Alliance (with headquarters in Chicago) carries on mission work in Maracaibo and the interior. I was told that they have ten or twelve foreign workers and a number of nationals. They publish the only ~vangelical paper in Venezuela,-" Th e Morning Star," now in its thirteenth year and evidently a useful periodical.

3. "The Christian Brethren" (British), formerly known as Plymouth Brethren, have a hall in Caracas in which they are doing considerable work. The missionary is the local representative of the British and Foreign Bible Society, and has a number of colporteurs working in the city and country.

4. "The Christian Brethren" (Canadian) work centers around Puerto Cabello, with preaching in some of the near-by villages.

5. The Pentecostals, or "Gift of Tongues" people, have work in Caracas and t-he island of Santa Margarita. In Caracas there are one married couple and two unmarried women teachers. They also have some work in La Guagsa. The head of this movement is the agent of the American Bible Society in Venezuela. They have acquired property only a block from our mission house, and two blocks from our church. 6. "The Seventh Day Adventists" hold services in Caracas and in Los Teques, about 25 miles out. A new man, imported from Porto Rico, has begun to proselytize from other evangelical missions with unusual zeal and has caused considerable trouble through divisions in families. 7. An independent missionary has recently. opened a little work at Vic- toria and reaches into the German colony, Colonia Tovar. Some believe his work to be an offshoot of the" Evangelical Alliance."

8. A Church of England worker has recently gone, to San Cristobal, near the Colombian line, and opened work. His wife is a trained nurse and they seem to be planning to open a dispensary. This worker is reported to be under the South American Missionary Society_ 9. There is an Anglican Church in Caracas, with a white Jamaican as res- ident chaplain. The church was established as early as 1834. There is a considerable British colony in the city, but very few attend the church, which is patronized mostly by Negroes from Jamaica and Trinidad. There is also an Anglican chapel in Ciudad Bolivar, on the Orinoco, but there is rarely a chaplain in residence. .

10. The British and Foreign Bible Society has been in Venezuela for a number of years and has done a very useful work in the distribution of Bibles. The Rev. W. H. Rainey, a Methodist Episcopal minister, is the General Agent for Colombia and Venezuela and, in addition to the local manager in Caracas, there are some five colporteurs who work in and about the city. 11. The American Bible Society was the first religious organization to enter Venezuela, but is doing very little. This branch is under the direction of a General Agent, who lives in Porto Rico.

EDUCATION BY THE STATE Before reaching Venezuela I was told that this country enjoyed, with one or two of the Central American republics, the doubtful distinction of having never erected a building of any kind for educational purposes, save one, the Military Academy. After considerable study of the situation in Caracas, the capital and center of the intel-

VENEZULA -A NEGLECTED NEIGHBOR

lectuality of the country, and diligent inquiry among disinterested persons, I am compelled to admit that the statement appears to be true. Many convents and monasteries of the Church were taken over by the government many years ago and converted into schools and other public buildings-such as the National Capitol-and private houses have been bought or rented, and in some cases, remodeled in order that they might serve as schoolhouses; but I could find no trace of a school building of any kind-with the single exception noted above-which had been erected distinctly for the purpose of education.

Of all the countries of Latin America I found it most difficult to get statistics on education in Venezuela. Foreigners who understand the situation declare that at least 85 per cent of the entire population must be classed as illiterate, and this without taking into account many of the Indian tribes of the great interior who do not figure as citizens of the republic. Of the remaining 15 per cent, probably twothirds have only an elementary or grammar school education, and the really literate or intellectual class would not exceed one or two per cent of the whole. The annual budget of the republic for all branches of education in 1919, so far as can be determined from the Heport of the Ministry, was less than $2,000,000 American gold, or about half what one of the great American universities spends in a single year.

It is interesting to note that the Ministry of War and Marine spent in the same year in keeping up the services under its control, just over $6,000,000, or treble that which was spent on the entire educational system of the country.

No statistics of the attendance in the various schools of the republic could be secured, but it has been stated that there is but one pupil, in any kind of school, to every 101 inhabitants of the republic. In the United States there is one to abont every four. Such a condition of affairs certainly makes more clear the urgent need of doing school work as a part of the program of evangelical missions.

The need of such work, on the part of the evaugelical missions, was admirably expressed a quarter of a century ago by William Elroy Curtis, who visited the country and wrote of his impressions in a book which has had a wide reading.

"The public meri of the country are ready to encourage and sustaiJ, Protestantism, not from any religious convictions of their own, but because they see the retarding influence of the Catholic Church in the development of the country. The prit'sts from the beginning have stood in the way of progress, have opposed modern innovations, and have been particularly antagonistic to the pducational system. The tendency of the schools and of the educated men of the country has been toward materialism for the last twenty years. Nearly everyone of the professors in the University is an agnostic, or at least a materialist, and their influence is great. The men of the country,

except the, peasants, do not attend church except upon special occasions; and, while they assent to it, many do not believe in the Catholic faith.

"The immorality of the priests and their questionable practices will not permit an intelligent man to respect them; but the masses are intensely reli- gious and superstitious. Whatevel' may be the policy of the Government to- ward the Vatican, nothing can shake them from the faith in which they were born, or impair the reverence for the often dissolute and nearly always ig- norant priests of their parishes.

"Therefore, the work of Protestant missionaries must necessarily be among the educated classes, among the men who reason.' There is in Caracas a most inviting field for clergymen of education and intellectual force who can speak the Spanish language, and the same conditions exist throughout the country. It is a wonder to me that the missionary organizations in the United States do not occupy this field. A dozen churches might be organized in Venezuela at once, and in a few years everyone of them would be self- sustaining. "

The need of evangelical Christianity in Venezuela is also shown in the vital statistics published by the g·overnment. In the year 1906 there were 70,221 births, of which 47,600 were illegitimate. Of the 60,849 mothers of that year, only 16,556 could read and write, and 58,362 of the fathers were illiterate. Only 21,510 of the 75,512 mothers were married women, and of these 331 were widows.

Surely a country in which such conditions exist needs spiritual help other than that which the dominant Church has been able to give it, and surely the Presbyterian Church, as the one which has assumed responsibility for this cOUJ,ltry, can not deny this help, and in unstinted measure. When men and women learn to think, to reason for themselves, these tragic conditions will tend to disappear, and Christian education must be the means of bringing this about.

The dominant feeling of Protestant missionaries in Venezuela is one of encouragement, because of the evident opportunities for unlimited expansion. Every effort should be made to make immediate progress. An intensive educational program should be planned for Caracas and the work in this city should be well manned and equipped before any extensive program is launched looking to the evangelization of the interior. In a sense, the work of the interior and that in Caracas must be carried on simultaneously, since each will depend on the other for support. But there should be a system of strong schools in the capital which can receive and educate the boys and girls of that city and of the interior towns and cities, sending them out again to their respective communities imbued with Christian idealism and to work as leaven in the unevangelized society.

Evangelistic work should be intE'nsified in the city of Caracas, through the help of the young men who are preparing for the work of the ministry, and evangelistic work should be opened in the centers and regions mentioned above as soon as the way shall seem to be opened for this advance through the provision of workers and the funds to sustain them. .

_ GR£.'.T!!t APPAL.ACH1~H VALLEY – AI.LEGHENY-CUMBeRLAND 8ELT The Southern Highlander and His Homeland* A REVIEW BY R. W. ROUNDY, NEW YORK Associate Secretary of the Horne Missions Council I N" From Survey to Service" Dr. H. Paul Douglass writes of "Loving a Nation through a Map." "No one who has seen Drinkwater's play, 'Abraham Lincoln' as presented on the American stage can forget the brooding of that gaunt figure over the map of the United States. In his study in Springfield, Ill., and later in the ~White House, Lincoln is shown passing his fingers tenderly across the boundary between North and South as though to wipe it out. He caresses the map as one caresses a beloved face, and his outstretched hands seem lifted over it in benediction."

So John C. Campbell loved the Southern Highlander; he entered into the Highlanders' lives and homes; he brooded over their problems and sought for them the pathways of larger life and light. The indelible impression from a study of "The Southern Highlander and His Homeland" is that the author's coming meant more and *See "The Southern Highlander and His Homeland" by .John C. Campbell, 8vo. 11lustrated. 405 pp. $3.50 net. Russell Sage Foundatinll, New York, 1921. The illustrations in this article are taken by permission from Mr. CampbeJI's book.

945 fuller life for the mountaineers. In them and for them he lived, moved and had his being.

The volume that gives the results of Mr. Campbell's study and experience is a masterpiece of information and inspiration, a reservoir of scientific treatment, a manual of tested methods and policies in the fields of civic organization, patriotic achievement, social welfare and missionary service. The people are portrayed through the avenues of a great soul.

"There is this difference between the great and the little souls of earth: the little soul, disappointed, ceases to dream; the great soul dreams on and makes his dreams come true. Every great soul of man has had its vision and pondered it until the passion to make the dream come true has dominated his life." Every page reveals ~'OLLOW1NG THE TRAIL IN THE SODTHERN HIGHLANDS the author's desire to decrease while the mountain people increase. This great soul lived among them as one who served.

Doctor Campbell gives the facts; the facts gripped and filled his heart. He saw straight and saw the whole of "a land of promise, a land of romance, a land about which, perhaps, more things are known that are not true than of any part of our country."

In going to these people in his young manhood, MI'. Campbell felt the call of the blood. His own people in "earlier times were Highlanders in those other Highlands." Underneath that fact was his" gratitude to the South for having taken within its hospitable doors, during a great epidemic in ante bellum days, a lad just from Scotland who had come to seek his fortune in this land of promise, a lad whose memory was very dear" to him, his own father.

THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER AND HIS HOMELAND

In 1895 as soon as he was graduated from Andover Theological Seminary 'in Massachusetts, John Campbell began work for these people under the American Missionary Association. He became school principal at Joppa, Alabama, on the southern edge of the mountains twenty miles from the winding Tennessee and its rich bordering farm lands. In this county no Negro is allowed to reside. All are white folks.

Later he heard "the call of the Cumberlands," and a second period of service followed at Pleasant Hill, Tennessee, on the Cumberland plateau.

His third experience in mission school work was at Piedmont Academy, now Piedmont College, on the edge of the Highlands merging into the coastal plain seventy-five miles from Atlanta. Six years WHAT SHALL WE DO FOR THESE CHILDREN OF THE HIGHLANDS?

of critical study and personal survey of the entire mountain region followed. He traveled the whole area; he gave exhaustive study to seventy out of the two hundred mountain mission schools, small and large. He came to know the people intimately in their homes, in their retreats in mountain fastnesses, in their economic, social and religious life. This experience, made possible through the Russell Sage Foundation, under whose auspices he worked until his death, together with his religious training, educational fitness and sound judgment made him the authority upon the Southern Highlands.

Mrs. Campbell, who has edited this posthumous volume as a work of love, writes of her husband: "His great love for the people, whom he felt in a peculiar sense to be his own, his thorough understanding of them, and his simple and spontaneous friendliness won

him a weJcome everywhere. Many a time have I seen him before the hearth-fire of some little cabin, as much at home in the group there gathered as in the most polished assembly and far more happy. Many a night have I known him to lie sleepless trying to devise means whereby the hard conditions of mountain life might be eased, or help brought to some crippled or suffering child. He never left a home without feeling that the parting was one between old friends, a feeling which usually seemed to be shared by his hosts."

Mr. Campbell's life blood is so thoroughly in his writing that even the bony facts of geography and history well nigh become romance. You are conscious in all the pages of a map laid out before you. The very scenery of the country invites worship. The mountain peaks towering above stretched out plains, the timbered woodlands and the mountain streams, the rhododendrons and the mountain laurel inspire reverence. But more than all these are the men and women, the boys and the girls of the mountains, veritable children of God, made but little lower than the angels, with the hairs of their heads numbered. Weare kept in the atmosphere of the life stories of the humblest and yet of those who have often been and are bound to be exalted as the achievements of so many testifychief among whom was Abraham Lincoln, "the first American."

The Southern Highlands constitute a great area of real America comprising parts of nine states extending from the southern borders of Pennsylvania to the center of Alabama. This mountain region embraces an area of 112,000 square miles, a territory equivalent in extent to the combined areas of New York and New England and almost equal to that of England, Scotland, Ireland and ·Wales. The total population is 5,330,111 of which 88 per cent is white. The large cities in this region are Wheeling and Huntington, W. Va.; Knoxville and Chattanooga, Tenn.; Roanoke, Va., and Birmingham, Ala. One and a quarter million people are living in towns of 1,000 or more. The remaining four millions, approximately 84 per cent, are to be considered in two main groups. The larger group is compo~ed of fairly prosperous rural folks with some degree of education. They have their doctors and lawyers, their weekly, if not daily, papers and are in comfortable condition as farmers. The smaller group is of the cabin class, less educated, more isolated and needy. This number, though diminishing, is still large.

The resources of the Southern Mountains are coal, iron, lumber and agricultural products, but above all men and women. They are the pure gold awaiting only in their meagre environment the touch of the better elements of a Christian civilization to become leaders in industry, physicians, preachers, jurists, statesmen, workers for the common good. It was Mr. Campbell's clear conviction that educational methods, missionary service, religious institutions and

spirit must be so blended as to mean the rise of a whole people together in which the welfare of each shall be joined with the welfare of all. The problem of the mountains is that of rural America A SAMPLE OF AN OLD HIGHLAND SCHOOLHOUSE USED ALSO AS A CHURCH intensified. Its solution rests not in educating and Christianizing people out of their environments, but of developing folk s f or fuller and more complete living in their native communities.

The Southern Mountaineers have strong individualism. "If the question were submitted to an impartial jury as to what is the chief trait of Highland people the world over, the answer would be 'independence. ' . Should one ask the outstanding trait manifested by the pioneer, the reply would be 'independence.' Inquire what is the characteristic trait of rural folk, particularly of the farming class, and 'independence' will again be the answer. Put the query as to what is the prevailing trait of the American, and the unanimous verdict is likely to be 'independence.' ,'Ye have, then, in the Southern Highlander, an American, a rural dweller of the agricultural class, and a mountaineer who is still more or less of a pioneer. His dominant trait is 'independence' raised to the fourth power.

Throughout the pages of the" Mountaineer and His Homeland" there is the plea for a broad Christian service to these people; an eagerness for fuller cooperation among service agencies; a gospel which touches all of life; and never swerves from a faith in the

growing kingdom., But above all, Mr. Campbell is the exponent of a forward looking gospei by the use of which the mountain peoples are to work out their own temporal salvation.

In this program of progress missionary enterprises in the shape of Christian churches and independent schools have helped greatly. They were the providential forerunners of the public school system and stimulated its more general adoption. Missionary money has wisely lengthened the public school year. Mission schools have trained leaders and pointed the way to a higher education for many a promising youth. Missionary foresight has led to the planting of great undying centers of influence,-Berea, Piedmont, Mareyville, Lincoln Memorial University, the Berry'Schools of Georgia to say nothing of the older universities and colleges whose tentacles ran up into the mountains and whose background and continuance represent the best religious traditions and guidance.

Au illustration from the experience of one denominatiou points the way of worthy service in a day of adaptation. With the close of its church day-schools in a number of locations the mission board "undertook other public service and now maintains community work at these stations, endeavoring, through public-spirited men and women, to develop still further the self-reliant neighborhood spirit which was manifesting itself. The different communities are kept in touch with one another and with the outside world, and their influence widened locally by a corps of workers-physician, nurse, agricultural expert, domestic science teacher, boy scout master, pastor and others; all, as it were, circuit-riders of education in its broad sense-serving their own and other communities in the way in which they are severally prepared to serve them. As ambassadors of cooperation, they seek to link these communities together for the common good, and to enlist in cooperation with them toward this end the broader civic and educational forces of county, state and nation."

"The temper of the Highlander is the independent democratic temper of the frontiersman, caught between the ridges and hardened by isolation into an extreme individualism, while the frontier itself has passed on to the westward and vanished. In the meantime a new age, one that calls for cooperative service and community spirit, peers over the mountain barrier and with puzzled and critical eye views this individualism not as a natural result of conditions which could not be controlled, but as evidence of a people strange and peculiar and somewhat dangerous withal."

As the prophet of this new era of cooperation, Mr. Campbell has overlooked peculiarities and has been a tactful, patient, practical leader. He organized and promoted the Mountain Workers Conference now in its tenth year of service. With deep religious convictions used in a broad inclusive spirit he has led the way in progressive

1 THE SOUTHERN HIGHLANDER AND HIS HOMELAND

educational policies and advanced social methods. The new day now awaits the leader who will bring similar cooperation into the religious forces of the mountains and breathe into them a divine fellowship of common aims and a common loyalty to one Lord and Master.

Fuller cooperation should characterize the seventeen denominations now doing purely religious service. While there is a little overlapping and friction, there should be none. The needs are too great for any misdirection or duplication. But the native church membership itself must be reborn.into the realms of true brotherhood in which one is Master, even Chri st, and all are brethren. Including the Primitive, Missionary, Hard Shell and various other sects and sub-sects" the Baptist church is the predominant, or if the term be THE MOUNTAIN STORE-THE MEETING PLACE OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD allowed, the 'native' church of the Highlands." One-third of the population of 5,000,000 are church members-779,988 Baptists, 609,537 Methodists, 115,513 Presbyterians, 4,270 Congregationalists. Native churches are also made up of twelve kinds of Presbyterians, fifteen kinds of Adventists, four kinds of disunited United Brethren. These many subdivisions appeal earnestly for a cooperation in both spirit and form and for a Christian leadership more anxious to win followers of the Great Leader than to make sectarians in belief and narrow denominationalists in practice.

May the spirit of wisdom and understanding, of patience and cooperation, of hard work and high hopes which found its dwelling place in John C. Campbell go marching on until crowned with victory the full measure of character, good will and brotherhood is attained by the Southern Highlanden.

KALEIDOSCOPIC

1trl~ .J.1f11,J .l.111JY A "MISS::ij -5"'IIKI-5i1 N F 15 "'1~INr;. If. {S51{J1[ ll£HI"D ~fRi"T'~>J ~ 1'u '£'IERY b''ll !,Nij (v(lly JIll, "ft+ll ~ c "'HI'JN I] "Ill l!~ .!1- .,.-.. E ",htIIl! "Olfl.u .Jqy -PH/GOG" ~t" A '['HE FAN CONTAINS TH.E INVITATION WHY GIVE THE GOSPEL TO AFRICA?

CAN CHRIS'fJANS IN AMERICA LIGHTEN CHINA'S LOAD? The figures for this poster were cut from picture sheets_ The burdens were made from different colored cardboard_ A few strokes of the brush fastened the burdens together, indicated the path and made the letters_ HOME MADE MISSIONARY POSTERS 952

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 1612 GROVE AVENUE, RICHMOND

THE MISSION AND METHODS OF CHARTS AND POSTERS Who are your speakers ~ Not only the messages of the men and women on your platform but the messages of the charts and posters on your walls, or which might be on your walls, are of importance. Vacant pulpits mean possible meso sages undelivered. Vacant walls in your Sunday-school and parish buildings mean opportunities missed. A number of mi~sionary leaders who have specialized on effective utilization of wall space give us their methods this month.

MAKING MISSIONARY POSTERS Simplicity. A complicated poster rarely gets its message aeross. By B. CARTER MILLIKIN, Educational Secretary Board of Foreign A 001iracy. The message of the poster is impressed whether it is correct or incorrect. Missions, Presbyterian Church in the To serve our purpose the message of the U.S. A. poster must be true.

We have only begun to realize the Charm. Arrangement, color scheme and design should receive careful attention so possibilities in missionary advertising. that the poster may really attract. Blank Why should not the principles and snace on the poster is as important as type. Overcrowding renders a poster ineffective. methods found most effective in com- Home made posters usually attract more at· mercial advertising be used to press tention than those which may be bought into the consciousness of the people ready made; what is more important, some of our churches outstanding mission- one or some group will have received the ary facts, ideas, objectives, needs ~ message of the poster through the process In a great many churches and Sun- of its manufacture.

day-schools there will be found some Growth. The poster should, if possible, one engaged in advertising as a busi- g-row before the eyes of the observers. Where feasible, it is very profitable to use ness. Often such a person will be a poster which, while it arrests attention, glad to contribute his experience. reveals at the outset only part of its meso Get him sufficiently interested in mis- salle, this message being completed by ad· sions, and he will give time and ditions affixed later. thought to the devising or striking methods or presenting missions Posters need not be expensive in through the eye. order to be effective, nor do they need Posters-well made and wisely used to be fancy works of art. A little -are highly educative both to those who make them and to those to whom genius on the part or the Committee they present their message. in selecting the ideas to be displayed, and artistic arrangement of available materials, are what count. .

Certain characteristics well made Poster contests may be used with posters must have: g-ood results in Sunday-schools and in Young People's organizations. Unity. The poster as a whole should pre- For example, the following method sent one idea or a group of closely related has been found very suecessful:- ideas.

953

Tlil'j }'fISSIONAHY REVlEW OJ;' THE WORLD

Let the Mi~8ionarv Committee of a TEN CHARGES TO CHART MAKERS Sunday-school announce a poster con- By EDITH P. TH01[SON test for the classes in, for instance, For (t number of ye(trs Miss l'hom81Y1t the Intermediate Department. A 1n(tde the eh(trts which were displayed at the clear statement should be made as to Foreign Missions Conference (tt Northfi,eld the rules of the contest: and featured in the He/ps tor Leader., 'pu/): lished by the United Study Committee. Posters to be uniform in sizc (22 by 28 inches is a fair standard). 1. Remember that the chart IS No article costjng more than five centR really worth while. It can talk should go on any poster. longer, and perhaps at times more im- pressively than you can. Visualiza- No adult, not evcn the class teacher, tion is one of the first principles of should have a hand in the manufacture of any poster.

Posters should he presented on a given the most successful memory systems. (late,-two or three weeks from the start of 2. Face the fact that anything the contest. worth while requires some time and at Some one who knows the advertising husi. least a little money. Appoint a chart ness should judge the posters on their merits as advertisements of missions in the particu- committee as auxiliary to the prolar neld chosen. gram committee to assist in gathering ideas, or to help in the mechanical de- The poster which is deemed ·the hest tails, and secure a small fund for should, as a reward to those who made it, be hung as a permanent exhibit in the Sun- day-school room, until such time as, in some needed materials. future contest, a hetter poster is produced. 3. Do not say "I can't," just be- Sometimes the interest of the chil- cause you never tried chart-making.

dren in the making of the posters can If you can secure the help of an ar- be used to induce them to meet to- tist, by all means do so. If not, try to gether for two or three weeks prior to enlist a high school boy or girl. Me- the contest, to study the field which chanical or map drawing forms the they are later to advertise. Thus the basis of a host of effective charts, and work can be made extremely educa- these studies are usually included in tional. school courses. Perhaps the mission- Pictorial materials for use on post- ary chart may prove the boy's or ters are more generally available than girl's first real step toward vital inis realized. Such magazines as "THE terest in missions. But above all, do REVIEW," The N ati.onal Geographic not be afraid, if necessary, to try and Asia are full of them. The mis- alone. sion study text-books in any given year teem with large ideas and im- 4. Get the habit of looking through portant facts which could be pre- the lesson or chapter to be presented for sented in striking chart or poster a. Some central theme or teaching. b. A summary or conclusion based on s('y~ form. The Annual Report of your eral leading facts. Board of Foreign Missions is a perfect gold mine of suggestions. e. Statistics that lllay he related or com- pa.red in a si111ple diagram or pic- Perhaps a word of caution is in ture.

order in the matter of statistics. This will answer the question, These, if used at all on the chart, "What shall we put on the chart," should be very few, very clear, and and it is a fascinating study. germaine to the theme of the poster 5. Having the ideas, how shall we as a whole. present them? Study the billboards, The Mission Boards, too, have a few and the advertising columns of maga- posters now and then which can be zines or periodicals, missionary and purchased. They do not, how~ver, otherwise, for suggestions in design.

compare in effectiveness with those You will be surprised to find how posters made in the Sunday-schools easily some of these may be adapted.

and the churches, and expressing 6. Consult the World Survey, pub- local interest and talent. lished by the Interchurch World

BEST METHODS

Movement, and accessible at most A pin, a pencil and a piece of cardboard Mission Board Rooms, for simple map punched with holes will be useful in making circharts and for line or figure diagrams. cles of various sizes. The two volumes of the Survey are brimming over with charts." Many These are warranted to make letterof the designs can be modified to fit ing a delight even to the novice. other sets of statistics, and one so simple as not to require an artist, but 9. Cloth Charts.-If more elaborate merely the help of ruler or compass. charts for repeated use are wanted, So wide also is the range of subjects use cloth, which can be folded and treated that many of the charts shown carried without tearing. A set of may be appropriately copied to illus- rubber stamp letters with ink pads trate general programs, or the chap- gives best results on cloth. One and ters of the year's textbooks in Home one-half inch size, capitals and small or Foreign Missions. letters, can be read in a large room_ It will be necessary of course in using 7. Keep a file for suggestions and these, to reckon the length of words for missionary pictures. An ordinary and lines for the whole chart, before letter file box can be made to answer touching the cloth itself. Colored this purpose by replacing the guide crayons make the most satisfactory letters of the alphabet on the different picture on cloth. After doing the sheets with names of countries, topics, crayon work, press the picture quicketc. Pictures from magazines often lyon the wrong side with a moderatework into very effective posters with ly hot iron to prevent smutting. the addition of but a slight amount of Keep on hand a bit of Chinese white lettering. paint to cover up possible errors in lettering in indelible ink, a very nec- 8. A cheap and handy outfit of essary precaution! working materials may consist of 10. The best chart combines infor- a. Large sheets of manila or of white mation with inspiration. Its force is shelf paper. weakened if we try to present many lessons on a single chart. One appeal b. Higgin's India Ink, both black and red. on one chart, is a motto we can safely c. Oolored marking crayons. trust to lead to good results. d. Faber fiat pens, in two sizes, for varying styles of letters.

CHARTS AND MISSIONARY FUNDS Dr. H. F. Laflamme, one of the Sec- retaries of the New York Federation of Churches, tells a striking story of the influence of a simple chart or motto: "About ten years ago, the pastor To divide a circle into three or six parts mark of a very wealthy church placed over the radius six times on the circumference. his pulpit one of the quotations which '" Copies sent from the REVIEW office on re- the Laymen's Missionary Movement ceipt of 20 cents for postage. had printed.

I If you want to enlist the Juniors and awaken their interest-MAKE A I uNot how m.uch of m.y money I CHART!

will I give to God, but how If you are planning a Japanese tea, or a missionary social of any sort- much of God'. money will I MAKE A CHART!

I keep for myself." I If you have some brand new mis- sionary books in the library and want The striking statement laid hold of everybody to know about them-MAKE the consciences of his people. A A CHART! wealthy woman who was not interested in missions came to the pastor If there is a Missionary Institute and said: or convention to be held near by, or you want to secure delegates to a sum- "I wish you would take that sign mer school of missions-MAKE A away. It offends our aesthetic taste, CHART! and is not in keeping with the beautiful surroundings." If you have some salient facts that you want to bring before your hearers The pastor urged that the motto in a missionary meeting-don't just was giving a message and that un- say them-MAKE A CHART! questionably it would greatly increase . But-if you do not wish many peothe gifts to missions. She proposed ple at your meeting; if you fear that that she would make a gift of $500 a the books you have will be too widely year if he would remove the motto. advertised; if you do not wish the It had touched her conscience, as well uninterested to become interested in as offended .her aesthetic taste. any event-then-DON'T MAKE A CHART I-for results prove that charts "Five hundred dollars is not will do just those things! enough. That motto is worth a missionary a year," he said. Then he But how? Get a goodly supply of talked with her earnestly about her cardboard, some old magazines, crepe opportunity for using God's money paper napkins of all descriptions, colfor God's work. She finally decided ored pencils or inks, paste and scisto assume the support of' a missionary sors, and you are ready. Enlist a' at $1,200 a year. group of young girls in this work.

The pastor moved the motto to the Take a half sheet of cardboard, and Sunday-school room where it again neatly print the subject of your meetbegan its quiet work. The woman has ing, or whatever you may want to adsince given $50,000 to a local charity vertise, or if you cannot print, cut the and still supports her missionary. letters from the "Saturday Evening From the chart which offended her Post," or some other paper. Select aesthetic taste she learned her first an appropriate picture from a magareal lesson in stewardship. zine to decorate the card, and add the time and place of the meeting, or some MAKE A CHART! special facts you wish to announce. It is very simple. A few striking sen- BRENDA L. MEHLHOUSE, tt'nces. or a few words well thought out adds to the effectiveness. Secretary of the Junior Luther League, United Lutheran Ohurch in America. What shall. we make? Here are a few suggestions of what has .been If you want to arouse interest in done:- that missionary meeting you are planning-MAKE A CHART! A Mission Study Class studying China had a set of bright orange col- If you want to make an attractive ored charts with pictures (the Misdisplay of books at a missionary con- sionary Education Movement Picture vention, and want to properly adver- Sheets obtainable from all Boards tise them-MAKE A CHART I gave these) and large Chinese char- If you want to fill that young people's society with new zeal for the missionary enterprise-MAKE A CHART!

MISSIONARY ASTRONOMY acters in bright blue to decorate the meeting in the center. Then the card card. Facts about China were was attractively decorated. printed at the bottom. These gave atmosphere to the room during the For February,-valentine symbols or class. flags and patriotic emblems were used.' A class on Africa has a set of black April,-Easter flowers. cardboard charts, with African pictures, the lettering in white ink, and May,-Spring flowers. the titles of the chapters of the book June,-some with roses, pink and red in large white letters. A class on "Christian Americani- others with delicate sweet peas. '

zation" had large white cards gaily July,-patriotic emblems were again used. decorated with patriotic emblems, August,-yellow daisies. flags, Liberty Bells, eagles, etc., cut from a roll of crepe paper. September,-golden rod.

Light lavender cardboard decorated October,-pumpkins and Halloween sym· with Japanese pictures for Japan; Indians, red cardboard, with brown boIs. wrapping paper tepees; blue cardboard, with white igloos and· icicles November,-a large turkey graced the cut from white paper for work with the Eskimos; and cards decorated card. with parrots and palm trees for the work in the islands of the sea are December was bright with holly and other suggestions. poinsettias. A Young People's society always Not only were the regular missionannounced their meetings in a most ary meetings advertised in this way; attractive way by posters decorated but the social meetings, the special with figures cut from crepe paper doings, the committees as they were napkins. These come in a host of de- appointed, and all the other 'activities signs and work up easily. The name of a live young people's society. of the month was printed at the top of the card, and the notice of the For the Juniors there are unlimited possibilities. An object tied to the card is a most effective way of catch- ing the small boys' and girls' inter- est. For a Japanese meeting, Japan- ese fans or tiny lanterns fastened on the card, for mountaineer work, a lit- tle rude hut constructed of cardboard and brown wrapping paper. ' Some- times a tiny doll, or some toy will add interest. It will pay you to take a trip through the five and ten cent

stores and see the things that will "Under Many Flags" was attraclend themselves to a poster. Three tively advertised by a card with sevreal candles on a picture of a cake eral children of foreign lands cut cut from an advertisement of Crisco from a missionary magazine, and a made a most effective way of getting row of tiny paper flag pins (may be the Juniors to a Birthday Party of obtained from the Boards or from the the Junior Society. Sunday-school supply houses).

Another easily made card to at- For medical work, nurses and doctract their attention: . a large owl tors cut from the magazines can be utilized. One effective card had large SHOOT red crosses at each corner, an automo- f"'OR bile with the ladies inside transformed into Red Cross nurses by the aid of RESULTS white paper headdresses, and a group of children standing before a row of pill bottles (also cut from a maga- zine) and below the jingle "Doctors and nurses and pink and white pills, To heal the sick and cure all ills," and the time of the meeting.

A Committee in your local society, or the larger organizations to provide suggestions for charts to advertise meetings, books, special events, and all phases of missionary work, will play no small share in its success.

STORY OF ONE EXHIBIT drawn in black crayon, and the words One of the distinctive features of some of the great conventions and " Be Wise and come to Junior So- conferences of the Southern Presbyciety. " terian Church is the unusual exhibit of charts which have made never to- For recording the amount in the be-forgotten impressions on thoutreasury an Orange Tree Chart can sands of people. Miss Isabel Arnold be made. Draw the trunk and of Elkins, West Virginia, has debranches in brown, add a green leaf, veloped for the Foreign Missions Excut from green paper for every cent ecutive Committee a collection of in the offering, a white orange blos- charts and mottoes that are truly resom for every nickel, and a yellow markable. orange for every dime. During the summer the charts make Try a "Fishbowl." Draw with up the wall program of the various black pencil an outline of an aquari- conferences at Montreat, N. C. Every um. Cut out of white paper little year in its sessions, the General Asfish, make these "gold fish" by add- sembly faces the most vital needs of ing a few streaks of colored crayons. its seven mission fields, strikingly pre- For every new member brought to the sented on charts, and sees on the walls society, add one of the fish to the the records and comparisons of progchart, writing name above the fish. ress. The charts are also available for use at various other conferences and for the Mission Board offices.

Miss Arnold has taken four verses of Scripture as the basis of her work.

1. The command to the Israelites to "Set up great stones and plaster them

1921J BEST METHODS

with plaster: and write upon them Falls in Africa, visualized to his mind all the words of the law," which sug- the millions of Africa's people hurled gests the wisdom of visualizing the into cternity without any knowledge needs of the world and the commands of God. So I secured a beautiful pic- of our Lord, to His Church to carry ture of Victoria Falls, and printed the Gospel to all the earth. along side of it a condensed story from Dr. Springer's statement, add- 2. "The hand of the .Lord was upon ing the religious statistics of Africa '8 him." Much prayer has been back of millions. this chart exhibit. There has been always a recognition of the fact that On reading one of our mission the hand of the Lord must direct the study books, "Under Marching Orplanning, the designing, the executing del's," by Ethel Hubbard, these words and the placing of the charts if His arrested my attention: mcssage is to be spoken through them. "If as a good citizen you would fol- 3. "For glory and for beauty" the low your country's flag to the ends of priests garments were to be. "Sure- the earth,-would you not just as ly," said Miss Arnold, "each chart I promptly follow the Christian flag make must be for the glory of God, any where it might lead ~ If you foland must possess such beauty that the low a flag you put yourself under attention of even the casual observer marching orders. Where the comwill be held at once. " mander says 'Go,' the soldier directs his steps. " 4. "The children of this world are in their generation wiser than the I had for a headline to this chart children of light." The advertise- the great commission, Matt. 28: 19, ments of the day testify to the truth 20; and then the picture of France of the statement. with the U. S. flag over it. By its side was pictured the Orient, with the Here are the stories of the develop- Christian flag over it. The coloring ment of some of the charts as told by was good. Under the picture were the words already quoted. This chart Miss Arnold: has especially appealed to young peo- ple, and many copies have been made One summer at Northfield, Dr. Sid- of it. ney Guli.ck spoke of conditions in Japan and the alarming number of "The ABC of Exhibit Planning," suicides among the student body who by E. G. Routzahn ($1.50, Russell were without Christ and without Sage Foundation, N. Y. City) is the hope. He gave a word picture of most helpful book I have found. Al- Kegon Falls over which hundreds of ways in my reading I keep the exhibit suicides have gone to their death. work in mind, culling facts, collecting The first student who took his life pictures, even when they serve only there, had this note fastened on his from the standpoint of a good color body: suggestion.

"Neither philosophy nor religion I have had enough experience to answers life's deepest problems. T know that this work does bear fruit. go to the other world to seek the an- As one man sat looking first at one chart and then at another, tears filled swer. " his eyes. He said the need of the world had never been so visualized to The thought came at ·once to trace him before. The tears were followed a picture of these falls, which proved by an earnest purpose to do more to to be a beautiful cascade of great meet the world's need. I have had height, and print with it the facts of ~'oung people at Conferences say that student suicides in Japan. This chart the charts made more impression on has beE'n most effective' in sending the them than any word spoken from the call for Christian work among the platform. At one conference where students of ,Japan.

Dr. Springer in his book, "Pi'lIl"£'rinO' in the Congo" says that the falling water, never ceasing, of Victoria

people were hurried, a few even Quotations from Mrs. Hill'. Note Book missed meals to copy facts from the "Seeing a thing is worth a hundred charts. descriptions of it."

The charts or graphs are about 4% A lesson may be told by a poster in by 5% feet in size, and are made with a moment, which many printed pages Rubens Crayons on good quality can not convey.

muslin and are lettered with rub- The effectiveness of the poster de- ber p;inting outnts. Money, time, pends largely on the care and accu- strength and prayer h~ve been iT;- racy with which it is worked out.

vested in them, and the lllvestment IS Posters must nrst catch the eye; a paying one." then invite further, though brief, in- Miss Arnold designs her charts and spection. does the lettering, and has an artist Hamilton King, who stands at the to do the color work. head of poster design in America, epitomizes poster essentials: FROM ACORN TO MIGHTY OAK "Posters should 'seize' a moment, ex- ploit a situation with one daring sweep of A number of years ago a woman the brush or pencil.

printed three missionary quotations THREE THINGS TO AVOID: on sheets of drawing paper and took 1. Mass of small letters or too many them to her missionary meeting. They letters of one kind. made such an impression that she decided to make three new ones for each 2. Elaborate and intricate detail. meeting in the year. Gradually she added borders and pictures and" foot 3. III suited values in shade and pieces. " Other people became inte:- shadow. ested and were willing to help untll the "Mary Hill Posters and Charts" Masses of small letters are not only have become as widely known as the useless, being illegible except at close "Mary Hill Literature Boxes," and range, but tend to confuse the compohundreds of posters are now out on sition and detract from the importheir educational and inspirational tance of the principal figures and the mission in different parts of the coun- general clearness of the conception. trY. From March, 1920, to March, 1921 over 500 were sent out, and in Space between words should be the ~ext six months the number had about the width of the narrow letters: Some artists succeed in printing beautiful letters with a tooth pick. Stub pens are useful for large letters.

grown to 1526-from March, 1921, to MATERIALS FOR POSTER MAKERS October, 1921. From coast to coast they go, and from North to South. By MAUDE EVELYN BRADLEY, The posters are loaned to conferences, conventions and local organizations Director of Arts and Crafts in the High with no charge except for express. School, Pawtucket, R. I. Often they are scheduled many Simple, flat shapes and a few colors, months in advance. well arranged, are more effective than The exhibit is made up of various complicated affairs.

styles of posters, charts and pictures, Helpful material to use in the confrom simple mottoes to portraits of struction of posters, colored crayons, value. Gifted artists, practical work- wateT color paints, colored papers, samples of wall papers and borders, magazine pictures and covers, carbon ers-men and women of many talents paper for tracing.

-have become interested and have Colored crayons-Very satisfactory given valuable help. For further ,in- crayons may be purchased in the five formation write to Mrs. Horace M. and ten cent store or in any shop car- Hill 415 Oak Grove Street, Minneap- rying toys. Binney and Smith Co., 81-83 Fulton Street, New York City, olis,'Minn.

sell a very fine crayon called "Cray- 9×12, 100 sheets, 60c, sample booklet ola." , free.

Pencils-A white marking pencil "Construction papers" for heavier used on a black or dark gray card- cut out work and backgrounds-9×12, board is effective. assorted, 50 sheets, 50c, samples. , Most unusual results are obtained Strathmore Paper Co., Mittineague, by using a common carpenter's pencil. Mass. Strathmore papers and boards The graphite is so wide and flat, that -fine for large posters and charts, the point may be sharpened in various various grades for pencil, pen and ways, giving a variety of strokes. water color work, samples.

1. Sharpen pencil to a point re- Ask a wall paper dealer for one of sembling a chisel. This gives a broad, his last season's sample books. It will flat line which is especially good in prove a veritable gold mine of poster making Roman letters. decorations-flowers, autumn leaves, 2. Sharpen pencil to chisel point landscapes, etc. Cut out around the and then cut a notch or notches in the designs and paste on cardboard poster edge. This point makes letters of or chart.

either two or three lines which are Passe-partout binding in various very pretty. colors makes very attractive borders 3. Experiment with the various on posters.

points in making borders around the Prang Company Silhouette Papers, edges of posters-With chisel edge "Enginex, " black, noncoated, size make a long stroke and two short 24×36 per doz. sheets, 48c "Prismo,"

strokes. Repeat around cardboard. black, coated on one side, 24×36 per With notched point make a horizontal doz. sheets, 65c.

stroke and then a vertical, etc. Effective posters are made by using Water color paints-If paints can- silhouette designs. Trace around any not be secured at a local shop, send to figure or unit by laying same on Milton Bradley Co., Springfield, black silhouette paper and marking Mass., or The Prang Co., 30 Irving around edge with pencil. Cut out and Place, N. Y., for catalogues of art paste.

supplies.

Many of the photographic supply Hints on Lettering shops carry Japanese water colors in Good tools are essential for good book form. A small piece, cut off and lettering. Lettering pens are of great put in water, forms a wash which is help and all stationery stores and art particularly good for tinting photo- supply firms now carry a variety of graphs or magazine illustrations. different styles. The" Sponbill Pens"

Milton Bradley Co. has a new pos· (Prang Company) are especially good tel' paint called "Tonal Tempera for this work. Different effects may Colors. " There are 23 colors and sil- be obtained by using various sizes. ver and gold. These come in glass A printing outfit is a great asset to jars, dry quickly and do not fade. The color effects are new and quite one who has many charts and posters different from the usual line of paints to make. These are well worth the infound on most posters. itial cost. Milton Bradley Co. carry a very good one for $4.50, which con- Inks-Higgin's Waterproof Inks tains an alphabet of capitals, small come in many colors and are splendid letters, figures, pad, ink, rule, etc. for lettering. They can be purchased It is much easier for some people to in art shops, or from Chas. M. Hig- cut out letters than it is for them to draw them. Squared paper is excelgins and Co., 271 Ninth Street, Brook- lent for this. It comes blocked off in lyn, N. Y.

Papers-Prang Company "Engi- squares of various sizes, but the quarnex" papers for posters and cut out ter inch is best for poster letters. Cut work-27 colors, assorted package out pieces about one and one-half by

9(i2 'fHE MIRSJO)!ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD i Dt'ccmlwr

two inches; fold through center and and dissolve in a double boiler to precut letters. Or, use this squared vent glue from burning. paper for a foundation for printed letters. 4. When thoroughly dissolved, add the glycerine. Pour into pan. If tpo For a fine book on lettering, send to soft, melt and add more glue. If too the School Arts Magazine, 25 Foster liard, melt and add more glycerine.

$1/(}GE5TION rOR 5. If there are bubbles on the sur- WT-OVT ALPHAB~l face, prick with a pin. If surface be- comes rough, set in moderately warm DlAloIM ON place, as on the radiator. Pan must SQUAReD l'APrR. be level.

Street, Worcester, Mass), for "The 6. Make writing or drawings with Art of Lettering," by John T. Lemos, hectograph ink, and heavy pen on 75c. hard paper. Make a broad line.

Squared paper may be purchased at 7. Allow ink to dry. Do not use a any art supply shop or firm. blotter.

To save time, patience and eye- S. Dip a sponge in cold water. sight, place a large sheet tlf squared Press nearly dry. Moisten surface of paper (or several small sheets pasted the pad. together) under the poster paper so that the former projects on the right 9. Place written sheet of paper, and left sides. With a ruler carry th,' face downward on pad. Smooth guide lines across the poster paper. paper with hand so that all parts stick This saves much measuring. to the pad.

Making Hectograph Pad 10. Leave paper on pad for about three minutes and then remove gently. A hectograph pad is a great convenience to one who wishes to make 11. Moisten the pad again. duplicate copies of invitations, pro- 12. Place a sheet of hard paper 011 grams, announcements, etc. inked surface and smooth it as in the original copy. 1. Take a rectangular cake tin 13. Remove the paper carefully and about an inch deep, ten inches wid., repeat the process as many times as and. thirteen inches long, or one ap- desired. proximately this size. 14. If the pad is covered with strip~ of paper to the edge of the writing, 2. Measure the pan with water to the paper used in copying can be more Ree how much material is needed. pasily removed. Take three ounces powdered gelatine 15. When through copying, wipe and one and one-half pints of glycer- the surface with a sponge dipped in ine to one-half pint water. This i8 sufficient for a hectograph the size o [] Rlightly warmed water. stated. SU66ESTI"f: r(JUNOtT'O/(~ The proportions are six ounces of ground white glue to One pint of glycerine. Gela· FO, tine may be au bstituted for glue. It does better work but does not last as long. Order 'I"VITfTIONS -e~_ the glycerine at a -drug store and ask that a few drops of carbolic acid be added to it. This prevent.s the pad from moulding.

3. Add a little hot water to the glue

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, BEIVERLY, MASSACHUSETTS.

WITH ONE ACCORD, IN ONE PLACE chology in Livingstone College, North Carolina. There were representatives The International Missionary Coun- of Norway, Sweden and Switzerland, cil, which received editorial mention both German and French. There was in our November number, succeeds thc a representative of Holland, with sev- Edinburgh Continuation Committee, eral of our good neighbors from Can- which was organized in 1910, and was ada, and there was Pastor Couve, reorganized as an Emergency Com- leader of the French Protestants. Mr.

mittee to act in Great Britain and J. H. Oldham, Secretary of the In- America during the war. The new ternational Missionary Council, Miss Council is made up of duly appointed G. A. Gollock, Secretary of the British representatives of the National Prot· Board for the Preparation of Mission- estant Foreign Mission bodies of Eu- aries and Miss Florence Mackenzie, rope, North America, Asia, South Af- Principal of the United Free Church rica and Australia. of Scotland Woman's Missionary The first meeting of this Council Training College came from Great was held at Lake Mohonk, New York, Britain. From America Mrs. Wm.

September 30th to October 6th, and Boyd, President of the Federation of brought together sixty-five delegates, Women's Foreign Mission Boards, and some of whom came from as far away Miss Belle Bennett, LL.D., President as Australia and South Africa. A of the Woman's Missionary Council Chinese professor and a Japanes<) of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Bishop sat side by side. There wert) South, were among the women mem- two representatives of India, one a bers. There were also secretaries of Burmese, the first Oriental woman to the leading Boards of Foreign Mis- serve on such an International Coun- sions of North America, and mission- cil. Dr. Ma Saw Sa, Fellow of the j aries from foreign fields. Over the Royal College of Surgeons, and for conference presided Dr. John R. Mott, seven years superintendent of the who kept the conference steadily at Lady Dufferin Hospital, Rangoon, is work, morning, noon and night.

worthy of such recognition. The other Matters of vast importance came Indian was Dr. S. K. Datta, Associate before the conference and were dis- Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. of India. cussed freely and in the best of spirit.

There was an Anglican Bishop, head They were none of them problems that of the Society for the Propagation of one Board or one country could set- the Gospel, the Rt. Rev. George Lan- tie, but were vital questions requiring chester King, D.D., also Colonel Sir the closest thought and earnest prayer Robert Williams, President of the of all for their solution. The spirit Church Missionary Society, Rev. of the conference was marvelous.

Frank Lenwood, Foreign Secretary of " Not since Edinburgh," said Mr.

the London Missionary Society, Dr. Oldham, "have we had a meeting like John H. Ritson, Secretary of the Brit- this. " Grave responsibilities, differ- ish and Foreign Bible Society, Mr. ing view points were fully appreei- Kenneth Maclennan, the moving spirit ated. One felt that for the first time in missionary education in Great Brit- since the war these matters could be ain, Major Robert R. Moton, of Tuske- met by an international body, but one gee, a Christian statesman worthy of felt also the absolute need of Divine any place of honor, and Professor .T. direction.

E. K. Aggrey, once an African prince Among the subjects on which we from the bush, now professor of psy- must agree if we are to work as one 963

great army for the coming of the king- joint editor of the International Re- 0 dom of Christ is The Relation of view of Missions, made a deep impres- Churches in the various nations of sion with her paper on Missionary Asia and Africa to the Mission Boards Preparation. at home and the organized missions on the field. Dr. Arthur J. Brown At every session prayer helped to presented the paper which led to a hold minds and hearts together. very full discussion and the appoint- Groups in the dining room cemented ment of a committee made up chiefly friendships, and America had the of representatives of these churches pleasure of introducing Europe and in Asia and Africa. It is a sign of the Orient to griddle cakes, baked hope that with the strengthening of beans, corn on cob and apple pie, with the Church the leaders should desire, the secret conviction, however, despite in some cases, greater independence, polite appreciation, that if the deleand it is a sign of greatness on the gates had their choice their own napart of the British Continental and tional dishes might win. There was a American Boards that they welcome delightful social hour at tea every aftthese signs of growth. Only as the ernoon, when many of the ladies of great churches of the East begin to the delegation were present. If there meet their own problems and settle was any lingering difference of opintheir own policies can they grow into ion in the conference it was indicated maturity and out of dependence. by the attitude of the British Empire toward American tea. The report of this committee was fl. finely expressed statement, urging, It is impossible to reproduce the joy not independence, but cooperation. and blessedness of this conference and the great hope that through the long A matter of great perplexity to the days together a better understanding Boards and to the fields is the settle- may be brought about between all nament of the status of the German mis- tions. In this cooperative work no sions which were so sorely disturbed one is called upon to compromise conduring the war. It is not easy to de- victions. Christ prayed that "They termine the future of some of these may be one that the world may know missions. Not all the war restriction!> that Thou hast sent me." And as we are removed but it is hoped that the parted, some returning the following solution may soon be in sight and that day to the Gold Coast of Africa, Niagain many worthy missionaries may geria, Malaysia, China, Japan, India, be restored to service. there was a feeling that nothing could break this sense of oneness in Christ. One of the interesting personalities in the conference was Dr. Thomas After the conference the delegates Jesse Jones, of the Phelps-Stokes were entertained delightfully at Foundation, who led the recent com- luncheon by Dr. and Mrs. William mission through Africa and presented Bancroft Hill, of Poughkeepsie, who the needs of the Dark Continent with personally conducted them through some valuable suggestions for meeting Vassar College. That same evening a those needs. Dr. Jones had with him dinner was given in New York City Rev. and Mrs. A. W. Wilkie, mission- by prominent laymen intetested in aries from the Gold Coast, and Pro- world-wide missions. The spirit and fessor Aggrey. addresses of the guests made °a deep and abiding impression on the two One of the most interesting discus- hundred people present. It is only to sions was that on Education, based on be regretted that a larger number the paper by Paul Munroe, of Colum- could not have enjoyed the spiritual bia University, and the paper in reply blessing which they brought. b! Sir Michael Sadler of Great Brit- The Council will not meet in Amerain. ica again for four years. A meeting, however, is planned in Europe in Miss Gollock, an able representative of the women of Great Britain,

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

1923. As we sang together, "We are "EVER'YLAND" REAPPEARS not divided, all one body we," we The Christmas number of Everywere not so strong, perhaps, on the land, which is to appear in December, line, "One in faith and doctrine, " but will reproduce certain features ofsome all together in glorious harmony, of the first numbers when it appeared "One in Charity." Perhaps we shall as a magazine. for children thirteen years ago. It has now come back never see eye to eye in all things as again to the first editor, and it is her we do not always perfectly agree in hope that, besides making good the our own communions. Is not that the subscriptions for which many children glory of the freedom of faith Y As have paid, and which could not be internationalism does not argue furnished through the Interchurch against a right nationalism, so we may, World Movement, it may resume its missionary character so marked in the without fear pf loss of personal con- beginning. viction, unite in this great interdenominational effort to bring the vie- There is no special need of a secular tory of our Lord throughout the magazine for children, but there is a earth.

REDUCTION OF ARMAMENTS great need for a good interdenomina- tional missionary magazine for boys All women who believe in Foreign and girls of from ten to fifteen years Missions must believe in the Confer- of age.

ence for the Reduction of Armaments. The Central Committee on the Weare all able to help by our pray- United Study of Foreign Missions, to ers and through an effort to eirculate which this publication was referred the excellent literature which has by the Federation of Woman's Forbeen issued. The Federal Council of eign Mission Boards, has accepted the the Churches of Christ in America, responsibility and the chairman be- through its Commission on Interna- comes the editor. Miss M. H. Leavis, tional Justice and Good-will, has pre- West Medl'ord, Mass., is the Business pared a wonderful program, The Manager and Subscription Agent to Church and a Warless World. whom all matters of business should Women can do a great service to the be referred, together with subscripcause of Christ and the cause of world tion lists and checks. Articles or stories for publication should be sent peace by circulating these lessons, '* to Mrs, Henry W. Peabody, 300 Ford Building, Boston, Mass, designed for use in the prayer meeting for four successive weeks. Great interdenominational meetings should To missionaries who. read this no- also bring together the people of the tice the editor would make the follow- community so that the facts may be ing request: Will you send us stories, presented as given in this very con- not sermons and not articles, but real vincing presentation. The facts are live stories of human interest related staggering, the arguments are unan- to Home or Foreign Missions, and swerable; the cause is most impor- will you send us photographs to illus- tant. trate these stories ? We shall be glad to pay for manuscripts and photo- *The entire set of literature may be secured graphs and would like every country for 25 cents from the Federal Council of the of the globe represented in this maga- zine, Those who understand children Churches of Christ in America, 105 East 22d St., New York City. The package includes the know that they do not want sermons, following: "The Church and a Warless World. but stories of adventure, of heroism, all with the missionary motive and ~~~e f:::i w~;~P.b:~il~ti~~inOjf ..;£~f~en~:d background shining through. These are greatly needed if we are to train War?H by Harry Emerson Fosdick j "The oyr boys and girls to take a real and Staggering Burden of AI'Illament," by Edward Cummings; "On the Trail of the Truth About Japan," by WilHam Axllng; "Facts About the Japanese in California," American League of Justice. thJ~eeJ'~~~~l~;Se. give full direction regardjug

intelligent ·interceT in the great work especially adapted to women, to show of the Kingdom of God. the great benefit of its use by pastors and teachers and to urge a club in Miss Lucile GulliYer, the associate your own church. It would not be editor, has had a remRrkable experi- difficult and would cost you nothing ence while traveling thr:mgh Europe but a slight effort, while it might be to secure m'!tl'1'ial for a series of the means of greatly increasing the in- Geographical R0fl(i8r8. Thi<; work was terest and service of those who subinterruptE'(l bv th~ mtr, but we will scribe. Try it in your own society or guarantee thnt om boYS and girls will in your church prayer-meeting and be interested i'l hf'r department to be send a list as a Christmas gift to THE known as "Miss Gulliver's Travels." MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.

Miss Margaret Applegarth, Mrs. E. A OENTRAL COMMITTEE DINNER C. Cronk and Mrs. Hosmer Billings are also Department editors. The Central Committee on the Unit- ed Study of Foreign Missions gave '1 The price of the magazine is $1.50 dinner in New York City September for a single subscription, but we are 29th in honor of the guests from making a special offer (until Febru- abroad who had come to attend the Inary) of a club of five subscriptions ternational Missionary Council at for $5.00. The MISSIONARY REVIEW Lake Mohonk. The guests of honor OF THE WORLD may be had with included representatives interested in Everyland, for $3.00, a saving of $1.00 publishing missionary literature and in on the combined subscription pricll. various other missionary educational Send subscriptions promptly to Miss plans. Mrs. Frank Mason North,ofthe M. H. Leavis, Viest Medford, Mass., Central Committee, made the address so as to secure the Christmas number of welcome and there were speeches for your boys and girls. Sample num- by Mr. Maclennan, Mr. Cogswell, of bers will be out December first. the Missionary Education Movement in North America, Dr. Lovell Murray, THREE CHRISTMAS PRESENTS IN formerly of the Student Volunteer Movement, Miss Gollock and Mr. J. H. ONE Oldham, editors of The lnternatj~onal Review of MissionH, and Colonel Sir Had you thought of giving Tm; Robert Williams of the Church Mis- MmsTmTARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD as sionary SociE'tv. There were also repa Christmas Gift ~ It would accom- resentatives from France, Switzerplish more than one purpose. land, Finland, Australia, Africa and Asia. Through this happy occasion First, you would give an indispen- the Central Committee hopes for sable missionary tool to some worker closer cooperation with those in other or pastor who needs to know the broad countries who are attempting the same lines of missionary work of all denom- sort of work that this committee has inations today. done since it was organized in 1900.

Sec'Ond, you would be giving a real THE FLORIDA SOHOOL OF !!'ift in sending your subscription to MISSIONS THE REVIEW, which should have a larger subscription list and must de- The winter "School of Missions" pend upon its friends to extend its in- will be held in St. Petersburg, Fla., fluence. January 15 to 20, 1922. For further information, write to Mrs. G. W. Third, you would be making a gift Cooper, St. Petersburg, Fla. to missions. It would be impossible for anyone to read THE REVIEW and not do more, pray more and give more for the cause of missions. Women are especially successful in this department of work. It would be easy in your missionary society to point out the valuable features of the REVIEW

MISCELLANEOUS NEWS organization more than a mere fed-

Annual Week of Prayer eration.

T HE World's Evangelical Alliance The name of the organization is announces the universal Week of "The World Student Federation Prayer for January 1-7, 1922. The Against Alcoholism"; the object" to topics outlined are as follows: create, propagate and deepen among the students of the higher institutions Sunday, January 1. of learning in all countries, the study Topics and Texts suggested for sermons. of the causes, effects and prevention 1. From whom to Learn. Luke xi. 1. of alcoholism"; the membership em- 2. Cooperation. Matt. xviii. 19. braces all student societies in sym- 3. Faith. Mark xi. 24. pathy with the object; the officiary 4. Conditions of Snccess. Johil xv. 7. is to be chosen on a basis of personal 5. Persistence. Lnke xviii. 1. (Read Luke xi. 5·13; Matt. xv. 21·28.) abstinence from the use of beverage 6. Intercession. Eph. vi. 18. 1 Tim. ii. alcohol; meetings to be held once each two years; and an executive interna- 1, 2. tional committee to govern the affairs Monday, January 18. of the federation in the interim be- Thanksgiving and Confession. Tuesday, January 3.

The Church Universal. tween the by-yearly meetings. Wednesday, January 4.

Nations and Their Rulers. Jews Among World Nations Thursday, January 5. A CALIFORNIA daily newspaper Missions. recently had the following edi- Friday, January 6. torial on the survival of the Jews as Families, Educational Institutions and a race and their possible future: the Young. Saturday, January 7.

Home Missions and the Jews. Notwithstanding all the vicissitudes of I,is history, the Jew impersonates the won- Student "Drys" Form Federation der of the ages as a people.

REPRESENTATIVES of the stu- Other nations have been born, have risen to eminence, have passed away. Other peo- dent bodies of twelve countries ples have been absorbed into conqnering tribes and nations until little but tradition became signatories to a world-student remains of their greatness. federation against alcohol in a threeday conference held in August at But the Jew, notwithstanding his national Lausanne, Switzerland. The countries life ended with the fall of Jerusalem in A. D. 70, regardless of the eighteen and a represented in the new federation are: half centuries which have intervened, per- Austria, Sweden, Switzerland, Es- sists in comparative racial purity. To the thonia, United States of America, student of history he remains the marvel of all time.

Belgium, Germany, France, Great In the annals of the world'8 past, recorded Britain, Holland, Bulgaria and or unrecorded, there is no instance of a Czecho-Slovakia. This conferenee national life, once disturbed, its heart shorn was called by the provisional com- out, ever again able to resume its national mittee appointed in the summer of 1920 at Karlstad, Sweden, at a sim- existence or retain any homogeneity for a ilar international meeting. lengthy period of time. To this statement of fact the Jew may prove the exception. The gripping needs of a world sick Upon the traditions of the past, in the land of alcohol brought a union of spirit of his birth as a nation nearly 3,000 years ago, he is seeking to build anew.

Whether or not the attempt to again set and feeling which put all national up the Jewish state shall be a snccess or not, feelings into oblivion. The spirit of time will show. But regardless of the re- "Everybody's World" was strong sult, the Jew will still stand as the great upon the students, and makes the new problem of the ages among world nations.

Our Hope.

967

Jews' Miss'ionary Spirit As for the thousands of other un- fortunate people living in the leper THE Union of American Hebrew homes in many lands, they, too, would Congregations has successfully eagerly welcome holiday messages completed a campaign to raise $3,- from friends in America. In these 500,000 in ten years for the purpose Oriental stations, however, it is well of bringing about a revival of J uda- to make the holiday greeting of a very ism among Jews. Prominent Jews in practical nature by sending such arall parts of the country have been ticles as soap, blankets and sandals, enlisted in this effort in behalf of white bandages, medical supplies, those who have drifted away from food and clothing. If possible it is the faith of their fathers. better to send money instead of the articles, for American dollars will buy This movement is of interest as in- much more on the ground and supdicating a revival of missionary effort plies can be bought at wholesale. on the part of a religion which had Sandals, needed to keep the lepers' ceased to be missionary. It may be mutilated feet from contact with the that the effort will reveal to them- bare ground, are from thirty to forty selves the fundamental difference be- cents a pair. Double blankets bought tween the Jewish and the Christian in the native markets cost from two message. Nothing is so likely to ex- to four dollars. A blanket will warm pose the weakness of a belief as to the heart, as well as the body, of a attempt to teach it. leper all winter.

Our Jewish Neighbors.

Christmas Gift. to Lepers Send now for it takes time for the things to reach the stations. Offerings "IF you were a Leper what. would for the Lepers' Christmas are now you think and do ~ " This ques- being received and acknowledged by Fleming H. Revell, treasurer, The tion is hard enough to answer, but American Mission to Lepers, 156 what if you were a "home-sick" Fifth Avenue. New York. Leper V To be a Leper, plus homesickness, is a condition offering triple World Sunday School Leaders opportunity for an expression of Christian sympathy. AN informal luncheon in New York on October 20, presided There are over 1,000 lepers in the over by Hon. John Wanamaker, presi- United States alone, not counting dent of the World's Sunday School those in the Philippines; and to Association, brought together Sundaymany of those the ministry of holiday school leaders of America, Japan, greetings would bring untold happi- Holland and Great Britain to hear ness. reports on the progress of Sunday- school work in their various countries. At "Federal Hospital No. 66," a home is provided for lepers from at Baron Van Boetzelaer von Dubleast twenty different states. All that beldam, of Holland, reported that medical skill can do in their behalf Sunday-school work is growing in size will be provided but they need the and importance in the Netherlands. touch of human cheer and sympathy. Thus far it has been confined to chil- dren, but it is expected that the move- Would you like to add to their com- ment to change the name to the forts by joining other friends in a "United Christian Education Move- Christmas shower in their behalf 1 If ment," will enlist adults. so, drop a card to W. M. Danner, American Secretary of the Mission to Bishop Usaki, of the Methodist Lepers, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, Church in Tokyo, reported that since and ask what would be most accept- the recent World Sunday School able, and when and where to send the Convention there has been a noticegift.

~:ilWS FROM MANY LANDS 96~

able growth in the Sunday-schools. and unity of spirit. A warm discus- The endorsement of leading Japanese, sion on the subject of the "Lambeth including the Empress, at the time of Proposal" for the re-ordination by the Convention has led non-Christians Anglican bishops of the non-conform- of all classes to favor sending their ist clergymen, led the Council to vote children to the Sunday-school for re- against the acceptance of any such ligious education. Bishop Usaki is plan. A committee of twelve, of which pastor of a church which has a model Prof. P. Carnegie Simpson, of Cam- Sunday-school, including a large adult bridge, England, is chairman, was department. appointed to draft an answer to the Doctor Kozaki, formerly president Lambeth proposals.

of the Doshisha University, told the In the debate on church union there story of his conversion in a Christian was a strong sentiment in favor of Sunday-school, under the influence Christian unity, but decided opposi- of the late Bishop Lambuth. HiB tion to any organic union comprising father was a Confucianist and his anything that involves a lowering of mother a Buddhist, but he did- not in Biblical standards in faith, or an ac- his youth receive any religious train- knowledgment of the invalidity Iof ing except that in a Christian non-conformist ordination and sacra- Sunday-school. . ments.

Mr. Newton Jones, a missionary of the British Sunday School Union, who Methodist Gains on Foreign Field A is visiting America to conduct evan- TOTAL of 697,436 native Chris- tians make up the Christian comgelistic meetings in the Sundayschools, reported increased interest in munity under the care of the Meththe evangelistic work among children' odist Episcopal Church in various in Great Britain. mission lands, according to reports NORTH AMERICA for 1920 just received and compiled by the Board of Foreign Missions.

The Pan Presbyterian Council This makes an increase of 60,042 T HE Eleventh Council of the" Alli- Christians during the year 1920, ance of Reformed Churches hold- compared with the previous twelve ing the Presbyterian System" met in month period. The total baptisms- adults and children-were 59,088. Pittsburgh, Pa., September 16 to 25. The president was the venerable Rev. There was an increase of 566 William Park, D.D., of Belfast, Ire- Sunday-schools and 46,801 scholars land and the five hundred delegates during the year. On all mission fields represented nearly 40,000,000 mem- the Methodist Board has 2,752 bers or adherents of thirty-two churches, an increase of 123. India branches of Presbyterian and Re- and Burma are the most fruitful fields formed Churches of America, the for evangelism. The Christian com- European continent, the British Isles munity there numbers 385,410.

and other lands. In North America The contributions of church mem- there are 3,287,494 members of these bers on the foreign field in 1920 churches; in the United Kingdom amounted to $4,077,992, more than 1,654,219; in Europe 2,010,999, and double that of 1919.

in Asia, Africa, South America and The Biblical Seminary Australia about 1,000,000 more. The T HE Bible Teachers Training School at 541 Lexington Avenue, last meeting of the Alliance was in New York, of which Dr. W. W. White is president, has changed its name to 1913 in Aberdeen, Scotland, the war the "Biblical Seminary in New York." When founded in 1900 the having interfered with holding the regular meeting four years ago.

The Council is not a rfeoprrecsoenfnetarteinvce~ legislative body but is

institution 'was called the "Bible school was the review of a Negro Teachers College." Since the main text-book by a prominent Negro work of the school is with graduate woman of Washington.

students preparing for the ministry, for mission fields and for religious An Unusual Celebration N education, it has long been felt EW YORK City's East Side witnessed an unusual demonthat this name was misleading. The board of regents of the state has now stration on September 20, the anni- granted the change of name, and the versary of the overthrow of the Pope's school will develop more fully its de- temporal power by GeneralCadorna.

partments of theology and graduate At that time the General sent into study. the city before his troops a goat cart Baptist International Seminary bearing a Bible and a placard, stating that the Bible was the weapon which T HE formal opening of the Inter- would destroy superstition. To cele- national Baptist Seminary at East brate this event a parade was formed, Orange, N. J., took place on October led by the pastor of the Jefferson 12. The dedicatory address was given Park Italian Methodist Church, and by Dr. Charles L. White, of the Bap- portions of Scripture in Italian were tist Home Mission Society. An inter- given out to ten thousand individuals. esting feature of the program was the singing of psalms by eleven Russian Christian Advocate.

students who are here to begin train- Jewish Evangelization ing for the ministry. These men were I N the evangelistic work for Jews in taken prisoners by the Germans early America, the Presbyterian Board in the war, and remained in detention of Home Missions employs thirteen camps from three to four years. workers, four ordained ministers and ·nine women missionaries, in five This international seminary now fields-Baltimore, Philadelphia, Newconsists of six departments-Czecho- alk, Brooklyn and Chicago. The great Slovak, Italian, Hungarian, Polish, need in all of these fields is suitable Roumanian and Russian.

Sympathy for Koreans buildings. Yet in spite of handicaps and Jewish opposition during the T HE following resolutions were year 1921, twenty-one Jews and Jew- adopted at a meeting of the esses confessed conversion and the Woman's Interdenominational Mis- workers report a number of inquirers sionary Union of the District of at the present time. The following Columbia on October 8, 1921, and resolution was adopted by the Comwere sent to President Harding and mittee on Jewish Evangelization: to the Foreign Relations Committee of the United States Senate: "That we continue to keep be- fore ourselves as a committee the Resolved, That we are in sympathy with necessity of evangelistic work among the people of Korea in their aspirations the Jews, which from the first has for the restoration of their independence; been our aim, and that we express that we condemn the atrocities committed our desire that work for the Jews may against the Christian R;orean people, the as soon as possible be commenced in evidence of which is so overwhelming as to New York in some adequate way, as call for open and vigorons protest from all well as in other cities." The spiritual Christian people. side of the work is especially empha- Resolved, It is onr conviction that the Korean sitnation should receive the atten- tion of the International Conference in sized by this committee.

Washington.

The fourth annual School for Mis- Newspaper for Negroes A sionary Instruction was held in FEW years ago the circulation of the Chicago Defender, a daily Washington under the auspices of this Union. An interesting feature of the for American Negroes, was so small

~1] NEWS FROM MANY

that the entire output could be car- New "Presbytery of the South" ried under the arm of its owner and publisher, Robert S. Abbott. At A NEW presbytery was organized present the circulation is 175,01)0, and in Mexico last June by the Synod it is still growing. Mr. Abbott is a of Mexico. The boundaries coincide graduate of Hampton Institute and with the territory assigned the South- Kent College of Law in Chicago. The ern Presbyterian Church in Mexico, loyal support given the Defender by and lies near the Pacific Ocean, in the people of all classes is a tribute to his southwestern section. It is a very ferperseverance. tile country, comprising about 52,000 square miles and more than 2,000,000 Canadian Mission Growth inhabitants. Six ordained Mexican ministers and three ruling elders were T HE Presbyterian Church in Can- the charter members. ada has the largest number of representatives in its history in its Migrant Missionary Service eleven foreign mission fields, viz.: carrying on evangelistic, educational, CIGARETTE manufacturers in medical, literary and industrial work. The number sent during 1921 totals . Mexico employ some one to read 32, viz.: 11 ordained men, 10 wives to the workers as they go through and 11 unmarried ·women. their daily round. An adaptation of this idea was urged at a recent con- LATIN AMERICA ference on work for Spanish-speaking people in America. The plan consists Y. M. C. A. Work in Porto Rico of llsing a Ford truck containing mov- ing picture machine, a baby organ and I N San Juan, Porto Rico, the Young a camping equipment for the mission- Men's Christian Association has aries. The program, apart from the 628 members. Last year more than movies, would be educational and in- 14,000 took advant.age of the facilities spirational. One of the missionaries for physical exercise; 2,046 attended should be a reader, for it is impossible the educational classes and nearly 300 to give tracts to these people who canmen enjoyed the homelike comfort of not read. The missionaries can visit the dormitories. The people of San the various small groups on the Juan showed their appreciation by ranches or farms for several evenings contributing over $5,000 toward the and then move on to the next point. current expenses. This plan of open-air IDinistry is in some respects similar to the plan of Students in Porto Rico Jesus when He ministered to the mi- grants in much the same climate of T HE Union Evangelical Seminary Palestine. It is hoped to send back to of Porto Rico enrolled 150 stu- old Mexico these ambassadors in overdents last year in its correspondence alls to say that they have been becourse, the first year this course was friended when across the border. offered. The students registered from several South American countries, Christian Work. from Mexico, Cuba, Santo Domingo and California, as well as from Porto CENTRAL AMERICA Rico. Three in One in Central AlIlerica The seminary closed its second year as a union institution last June, and T HE amalgamation of Guatemala, graduated five students, two of whom Honduras and Salvador into one are already in settled pastorates. Gos- republic hm brought a new federation pel teams have gone out to different into existence in Latin America. The sections of the island, under the direc- capital of this new republic is tion of one of the professors. Tegucigalpa. Its popUlation is about 4,000,000 and its area about 100,000 square miles. The federation was to

have included Costa Rica, but the de Janeiro. The convention in national assembly of that nation re- Brazil is considered by educational jected the proposal by one vote. leaders to mark a new era in the de- Nicaragua was also invited into the velopment of Sunday-school work in combination, but there are certain dif- that vast country, where the Bible has ferences of interpretation relative to not been an open book. There is a the terms of the Bryan-Chamorro growing consciousness on the part of treaty touching the rights of the evangelical leaders of all denomina- United States in the proposed Nica- tions of the supreme place which re- raguan Canal that interfered. The ligious education through the Sunday- champions of the Greater Central school must have in the life of the .America movement hope that both of Christian Church, if the latter is to these nations will enter the federation make progress against the tremendous ultimately. If that is done the bound- forces which oppose it.

ary of the new republic will extend The statistics of Sunday-school from the Mexican line on the north work in Brazil presented at the to the Panaman line on the south, and World's Convention in Tokyo gave include everything except British an enrolment of 57,000 officers, teach- Honduras. The organization of this ers and pupils in its 1,300 Sunday- new central government fulfils the schools, an increase of about 250 per aspirations of nearly a century and cent during the seven years since the it is hoped that a new day has dawned World's Convention in Zurich. Rep- for this section of the world. resentatives of these schools to the VVork for South ~eriean Indians number of 138 registered delegates came together in Rio for this Fifth T HE first three Protestant churches National Convention. The object was and a Bible School for training to consider the means for the greater native evangelists have been estab- development of the work. .Among lished among the Guaranis in Para- the delegates were 27 pastors, 34 guay by the Inland South .America superintendents, 44 teacheTs, 13 Mission. .Also, the first three Prot- school secretaries and 20 pupils. Five estant churches have been planted in Protestant denominations were repnortheast Argentina, and the first resented and the delegates came from among the Indians in Brazil at eight different states of the Federal Bananal. Medical work at each of Union. In addition to the delegates these stations has been a means of registered, the sessions were attended salvation to many of the patients. by large numbers of visitors, the at- The great Indian district in the tendance at several of the evening northwest Matto Grosso, Brazil, is still sessions taxing the capacity of the waiting for the Gospel. This territory church which seats nearly 1,000. The contains numerous tribes scattered pastor is Rev. .Alvaro dos Reis. over an area of 800,000 square miles –equal to all of France, Spain, Nor- EUROPE way, Sweden and Japan, or seven Mission Share Plan T times the size of Great Britain. HE Mission Share Plan of the Preparations are under way to Church Missionary Society aims to open a station among the Bororo In- increase the opportunity for service dians before the beginning of the of the workers at home. This plan coming year. encourages their acceptance of re- National Sunday-sehool Convention sponsibility for supporting a definite in Brazil share of work in the 550 stations on the foreign field. .Anything that T HE Fifth National Sunday-school binds the home churches with a par- Convention of Brazil was held in ticular part of the field deepens the the First Presbyterian Church of Rio sense of partnership. The cost of

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

maintaining the stations is divided Fifty Years of the MeAll Mission into shares of £5 each, and those at home by taking up one or more shares FIFTY years ago Robert W. are more closely linked with the mis- McAIl, an Englishman, began his sionaries and the Society's general ministry in France. The record of fund is assured. achievements of the McAlI Mission is written in thousands of regenerated Reform in Training of Ministers lives from the English Channel to the Italian border. In most of the T HE students of New College, Edin- larger cities of France there stand burgh have addressed a memoran- the Mission's establishments, nearly dum to the Assembly'8 Foreign Mis- a million peasants have heard Christ's sion Committee of the United Free Message from the pulpits of chapel Church of Scotland, on the supply boats, and brotherhood centers have and preparation of missionaries, grown into strongholds from which pointing out that the present theo- spiritual influences have radiated logical course is framed on the as- into homes, schools, factories and sumption that the students are going farms. into the ministry at home. Missionaries taking the theological course Eight vacation colonies and an receive no specialized instruction, and orphan home have been added remedical missionaries receive no theo- cently to the equipment, to the untold logical training. They recommend physical and spiritual growth of the that such subjects as hygiene, tropical undernourished children of post-war diseases, etc., be introduced in the France. A great campaign conducted curriculum. They also recommend by one of the most eloquent sons of that Hebrew be optional except for the Mission, in joint direction with those who intend to go as mission- the Societe Centrale, is covering aries to the Jews. They recommend France, awakening churches to a forthe teaching of missionary history, merly unknown service, under the but omit the specialized study of grand, old Huguenot name, La Cause. church history. Christian Express. Over one hundred students are pre- paring for special Christian work in Revival of Religion in Britain the School for Young Evangelists. .As the Director of the Mission has A RENEWED interest in religion said: is evident from reports of Nonconformist churches in Great Britain. "It is more and -more evident that The Scottish Kirks have added more the present time is particularly favorthan 50,000 members, and the most able for evangelization, and that it is encouraging fact about it is that un- the duty of the McAll Mission to usually large numbers of young peo- double its efforts to accomplish even ple are among them. Wesleyan Meth- better the holy task that God has given her." Fifty thousand dollars, odists for the first time in a decade $1,000 for each year of its history, are able to report an increase rather the Mission is asking to be presented at the Jubilee commemoration in than a decline. English Methodists Paris next June. are showing enthusiasm for their reli- Movement Toward Protestantism gious enterprises, and moving toward union among branches of Methodism. T HERE was a widespread observ- Baptists have had an old-fashioned ance in Czecho-Slovakia in June sweep of spiritual power in an eastern of the 300th anniversary of the village, and a thousand persons have execution of twenty-seven Protestant noblemen by Hapsburg Catholics. professed a change of heart. In a This took the form of a nation-wide denouncement of Rome for complicity time when the churches have felt prolonged discouragement these evidences of religious awakening will strengthen their faith. Congregationalist.

in the downfall of the Czech nation. Eighty per cent of the Jewish chil- Back of the political demonstration dren in Palestine are being educated there is a spontaneous religious move- in Hebrew schools, while the other ment away from Rome, and Protest- 20 per cent attend either Jewish ant leaders are bending every energy schools not supervised by the Zionists to meet the situation. and in which Hebrew is not the lan- guage of instruction, or schools con- A theological seminary has been ducted by the missionary societies. established in Prague and now has The Zionists spent 103,000 English twenty students. Laymen are assist- pounds during the past year on eduing the ministers by devoting their cation, which amounts to nine pounds time to lecturing on Protestantism, per capita. This is a very high rate expounding the Bible and preaching. of expenditure as compared with Every minister is preaching in a ha1£- other countries. The parents are dozen places and holding services in contributing less than 10 per cent of relays to accommodate the crowds. the budget. In at least twenty towns where Protestant constituencies of 5,000 or At the end of September, 8,000 more each have sprung up in the last Jewish immigrants had settled in few months there is no church build- Palestine since the beginning of the ing available. Services must be held year. in rented halls, saloons, barns or out in the open air. The CzechS' are es- Christian Alliance Plans sentially Protestant and from the days of Huss have never ceased to protest T HE Christian and Missionary Alliagainst Roman abuses. ance has recently purchased a site for a boarding school in Palestine. MOSLEM LANDS A gift of $10,000 has been received for a Jewish mission building in Christian Conference in Palestine Jerusalem. The mission at Hebron was reopened in September, although A T the Friends' Boys School at no resident missionary is available for Ram Allah, Palestine, ten miles it. The Alliance has partitioned the north of Jerusalem, from September Trans-Jordan territory with the 7 to 11 was held a Conference for the Church Missionary Society. deepening of the spiritual life of the native mission workers of the country. Education for Persian Wom.ell It was the first conference of the kind held in the land, and the attendance T HERE is in Persia an increasing and interest far surpassed expecta- desire for educated womanhood. tions. The general subject was Time was when parents were glad to "Witnessing for Christ." Consider- be rid of little girls, and willingly ation was given to the best ways to sold them for two, three or five dolwitness among the native Christian lars. Today, there is an industrial population, to the Moslems and to boarding school, training 335 girls, the Jews. Those present were im- and more than double the number pressed that the great need of all are eager to be admitted. The graduclasses was that there should be living ates are filling positions of importwitnesses throughout the land. ance.

A. EDw. KELSEY. There are 4,600 Mohammedan girls being supported, their tuition being Jewish Immigrants in Palestine. provided for by the Government, and some of them are making themselves T HE Zionist Organization is now of account in the East; but a thirst maintaining ninety-six schools and for education is not only an encourhas under supervision thirty-two agement, it is also a menace, for if more schools. These schools have these women are educated and have 12,740 pupils and 564 teachers.

N1TIWS FROM MANY LANDS

not the love {Jf Christ in their hearts, and freeing you of your disease. Bethey may prove a menace. Hundreds cause he is here, you are here. But of French and Russian books are be- for him these nurses, these medical ing translated, and are making helpers, the comforts of this hospital atheists and agnostics. Christian would not be at your disposaL He teachers ,are greatly needed. is worth knowing, He is worthy of your faith. Believe in him and accept MRs. H. C. SCHULER. him and you will find a two-fold life- the saving of body and souL" INnIA The Continent. Manifesto on Church Union Telugn Woman's Soeiety T HE following statement is an ex- pression of Indian Christian opin- T ELUGU Baptist women of South ion as to the union of the South India organized a home mission so- Indian United Church and the ciety last April in Nellore. Nearly Church of England in South India: every mission station was represented, Since the jubilee of the American The fundamental unity of all believers in Baptist Women's Society was being Ohrist is a truth that is fully acknowledged celebrated this year, the Telugu womby and deeply rooted in the Indian Ohris- en made a united effort to gather and tian mind, and any movement intended to present a thanl:-offering in appreciagive expression to that unity cannot but tion of benefits received by the women meet with the general approval and support of India. Many men gave in the name of Indian Ohristians, It is also felt that of their wives, school children conin the interests of the further progress of tributed a share of garden profits and the Kingdom of God in this land, a full all contributed toward a final sum of recognition of the unity and spiritual equal- 500 rupees-the Jubilee gift to the ity of the different denominations is highly American Society. " necessary. Intemperance Among Gonds It has to be noted, however, that the negotiations that are being carried on to T HE Gonds, an aboriginal race in effect the union of the Ohurches proceed on Central India, are almost entirely the basis that the adoption of a uniform illiterate, with little or no desire to be system of Ohurch government is a condition otherwise, Coupled with this is their precedent to such unity. This attitude does intemperance, which has reduced the not faithfully reflect the Indian Christian race to the most abject condition. mind. The vast majority of Indian Christian laymen and even clergymen feel that Private distilling is strictly forbidthe existing denominational differences den by the government, but the flower should not be allowed to hinder in any way from which the Gond secretly distils a full realization of Christian feltowship, his liquor grows in rich abundance, and would gladly welcome the immediate and the vessels needed are neither nuintroductiou of intercommunion, interchange merous nor costly, so that drunkenof pulpits and intercelebration of the sac- ness has every opportunity to flourish. raments, notwithstanding the existence of Beside their daily potations, a large these differences. quantity of liquor is an essential ele- ment in their religious rites. No fes- It is therefore desired that, in the inter- tival can be held in the forest or vilests of the free and natural development lage in honor of their deities, no birth, of the Indian Ohurch, larger schemes of marriage, or" death can take place in organizational uriity should be deferred till their families without an excessive inindependent Indian Ohristian opinion makes dulgence in ardent spirits. Their acts such a demand, and that attempts should be of worship invariably end in intoxicamade or introduce intercommunion, inter- tion. It would be an exaggeration to change of pulpits and intercelebration say that no Christian Gond drinks, without delay. yet it is certain that the great major- Making Christ Known at Miraj DR W. J. WANLESS, of the Miraj Hospital in South India, is sometimes asked by his patients: "Who was Jesus Christ?" He always replies: "He who built this hospital. He who is relieving you of your pain

ity are either total abstainers or drink museum, a department of research, but little, while the number of those and a bureau of extension work.

who have failed to break away entire- Record of Christian Work.

ly from drunkenness is very small in- Bible Students in Hunan deed.

Lepers and the Gospel T HE Hunan Bible Institute at Changsha, during the past year, WITHOUT THE CAMP has the had fifty.five men and twenty-six following story of a group of in, women students. These students have mates in a leper asylum of India. come from five provinces and eleven These sufferers came to the superin. different missions. In addition to the tendent, Rev. J. Noble Mackenzie, and local work of the school, there are 117 said that inasmuch as they had bene· evangelists at work in nine different fited so much physically and spiritual- lands. It is hoped that a newly orly by their stay in the asylum, and ganized band, number 10, may begin there were so many that needed help work in the fall. more than they now did, they wished to be allowed to go out for from four From the first of October, 1920, to to six months to beg their food from the end of March, 1921, 120,935 place to place, while they proclaimed homes were visited and the following to those whom they met the good news number of books and tracts were given of salvation through Christ. In this to those interested: 48,569 Testaments way those who could be admitted in and Gospels, and 164,486 books comtheir places for that time could get the piled from the Scriptures with brief same treatment for their bodies and annotations, thus making a total of their souls that had done so much for 213,055 books practically all Scripthe others. ture. In addition to these, over 166,- 000 explanatory tracts were given They were given certificates which with the books, and about 11,000 Goswould guarantee their readmission at pel posters were pasted up in cona specified time, and all returned high- spicuous places. ly pleased with the success of their China's Millions.

experiment. This summer a still Christian Perseverance T larger number, fired with the same HE last report of the English Presbyterian Church mentions a zeal, wished to go out in this way, and the usual certificates were granted little Christian community in Yung- until the asylum committee asked that chum, which has had only an oc- no more be given, as there would not casional visit from a native preacher, be enough men left to do the necessary yet they meet together, read the Bible housework and to care for the helpless and hymns (they cannot sing) and ones. pray. Last year their leader died, and this year his brother also died, CHINA but the sons are carrying on the work Brown University in Shanghai as best they can.

A SCHOOL of Sociology in connec- Gifts from Chinese tion with the Yangtzepoo social DING.RAE, a city of about 40,000 center of Shanghai College is proposed people, is a Baptist mission staby Brown University. The budget calls tion in the Ningpo field. About three years ago, Baptists in West Virginia for $20,000 for permanent equipment subscribed $23,000 for the developand $8,200 for annual expenses. The ment of the schools at Ding-hae, and this resulted in stirring the Chinese plan contemplates a staff of one to undertake a local campaign for Brown professor, a Chinese associate funds to supplement this. Chinese trained in America, and assistants for instruction; a sociological library, a

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

citizens thus' added $42,000, but still ental nations, but such subjects as not satisfied, some representative the history of English literature, the business men proposed to devote the principles of sociology, the outline of annual income of certain property, ethics, the history of pedagogy, amounting to $15,000 a year, to the political economy, mental diseases, and support of the school. biology.

Hearing of what had been done at Bishop Tucker believes that the Ding-hae, some Chinese gentry at Christian Church in Japan should Ningpo proposed to cooperate with also send picked men to the Imperial the Baptist mission in the support of University as a regular part of the school facilities of a high grade in educational program. Ningpo. They went so far as to inquire whether American missions The Living Church. would subscribe $250,000 Mexican, if an equal amount were provided in Seeking Wealth in Osaka Ningpo, to equip a hospital, boys' academy and girls' school, under {{ Thousands of Osaka devotees throng Christian auspices. shrine seeking wealth. Pilgrims break holes in wall so that Ebisu may hear shouts of Episcopal Growth in Japan worship and bring them fortune during year. " T HE Protestant Episcopal Church in Japan now has practically the Such were the headlines in a same number of bishops and about Japanese newspaper. The inforhalf the number of clergy and com- mation followed that 70,000 devotees municants that the Church in the called on the god before noon on United States had a hundred years January 10, imploring him to bring ago. It is definitely a working church. them riches during the coming year, There are now 28,000 baptized per- while even a larger number went to sons nearly 12,000 communicants and the main shrine of Ebisu in the rich 145 'native clergy. Among the build- industrial section of Osaka. ings there are 127 churches, 84 mission halls and 70 boarding and day Swarms of people brought wooden schools. mallets, to break small holes in the wooden walls of the shrine. To these There was a marked increase in the holes they put their mouth and contributions per capita from 1918 to shouted; "Ebisu, mairimashita 1920. This was $5, $5.50 and $9. (Ebisu, I have come to worship you)," for Ebisu is a slightly deaf The Living Church. god, and cannot hear the low mut- terings deep in the throat which are Buddhist and Christian Education used before the shrines of other gods.

BISHOP TUCKER of Kyoto points c. M. S. Bulletin. out that the Buddhists are giving their candidate priests a much Reaching Korean Villages more thorough scholastic training than Christians are giving. to theological A TERRITORIAL division of recandidates in Japan. In addition to sponsibility among Presbyterians the men who study in thelle Buddhist and Methodists, North and South, in universities and theological schools Korea was agreed upon early in the they are sending a large number of history of the Mission. The central their men through the imperial uni- section was assigned to the Southern versities. Methodist Church and they have re- cently published a survey of their A list of subjects taught in Bud- field. Outside the cities they have a dhist institutions includes not only the rural population of 1,108,000 people, study of the history, literature and living in 2,003 villages. In 1919 philosophy of J~pan and other Ori- Christian groups were organized in 225 of these villages, but only 29 of these had schools.

Centenary efforts in 1920 resulted furnishes is most encouraging. With in 8,000 new believers being added to its rapid development, the black race the Church. Korean missionaries and is gaining in determination to assert native workers go from village to vil- itself, and future results will depend lage, making known the Gospel mes- upon proper leadership. sage. United Free Church Record.

Atheism in Schools Queen of Nalolo Converted A MISSIONARY of the Southern MISSIONARIES in Zambesi are Presbyterian Church, writing from Kwangju, Korea, says that 1 rejoicing in the conversion of atheism and gross materialism are the Mokwae, queen of Nalolo and sister of basis of the teaching in the public the late King Lewanika. In January schools in Korea, under Japanese the queen asked some of the missioncontrol. In its course on morals, the aries to come to the royal house, saypublic school system directs all its ing: energies against Christianity. The writer gives the following incidents: "For a long time I have said to myself that I ought to follow Ishee " A few days ago while out preach- [her husband] in the way of God, ing with my helper we stopped to and I have decided to follow him." speak to a young man who is a student in the public school for Koreans. The When asked what had brought her conversation was brought to an abrupt to this decision she said that it was halt by the young man's supercilious hearing M. Coillard tell them to turn remark, 'Why should I believe in to God, Creator of men. On Sunday, God ¥ There is no God.' When asked February 20, she made her profession if he did not realize that he had a of faith in church, and at the close of suul, he replied, 'I have a mind and service she rose and said, with deep my mind is the only God I know.' emotion: My helper then proceeded to bale oilt the shallow learning, the few parroted "I believe! I belong to God! I phrases he had acquired, and the boy belong to the Kingdom! May God became so confused that he said, 'I pardon my sins; they are numerous, cannot talk any more now, I will have and great! All of you, believe!" to ask my teacher about such things.' So we left him, a pitiful example of The missionary in charge of the the type of education given in the service then urged Queen Mokwae's public schools of Korea today. He subjects to continue to honor her, and is but one of thousands, whose agnos- serve her even more faithfully, after ticism bears the glaring stamp, which the church members stood and 'Made in Japan.' " sang the hymn: "Sing heavenly angels, it's a day of joy." Christian Observer. Recor~ of Christian Work. AFRICA Persecution in Nigeria Africans in Congress CHRISTIANS in Nigeria have suf- T HE Pan-African Congress which fered persecution from time to met recently in London and on timc::, but never so severely as during the Continent was significant in that the past year, when the heathen drove its members were professors, barris- them from their houses, forbade them ters, journalists, medical men and to buy in the market, and practically minIsters, some of whom are the organized a boycott. The festival of products of mission work. The prom- the idol Odo is observed annually in ise of unity and cooperation in aim the Awka distri;;t, and heathen parand action which such a gathering ents flogged their sons and daughters if they would not renounce their Christian faith and join in the wor- ship of Odo. It seems that the hea- then chiefs of some of these towns are

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

doing their utmost to banish Chris- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC tianity from their midst. An African pasto~ goes from place to place, en- Church Union at the Antipodes couraging and caring for these sorely tried converts. CHURCH union is making head- way- in New Zealand. Presby- New Mission for Tsi-mi-hety Tribe terians and Congregationalists are negotiating for union, and Episco- T HE London Missionary Society palians are conciliatory. A New plans to establish a new station in Zealand newspaper recommends a the northern part of Madagascar Federated Council for the whole of among thc Tsi-mi-hety tribe-a name the Dominion. meaning "those who do not cut their hair. " Contrary to an almost uni- In Tasmania a meeting of Anglican versal custom of the Malagasy, they and Free Church ministers has been do not shave their heads as a sign of held with a prospect of a cooperative mourning for the death of a chief. organization. This tribe is said to approach more nearly to Europeans, in appearance Devil Worshipers in Borneo and mentality, than most other Malagasy. It is possible that they have a A CURIOUS tribe of people, the distinct European strain from the Dusuns, occupy a section of presence of English and French pi- British North Borneo, and are abrates in Madagascar during the 17th sorbed in devil worship. A missioncenturv. The tribe numbers about ary says of them: 45,OOO~ Like all heathen Malagasy their custom has been to kill children "Their religion consists of pacifyborn on the first day of the unlucky ing the devil. Priestesses speak an month, Alakaosy, and also those born odd tongue not to be understood; on Wednesday of each week. devils are kept in jars, urns, hollow trees, etc., and sacrifices are made to The deputation sent by the L. M. S. them. These women priests maintain report this people as "intelligent, ro- that they see them and can converse bust and aggressive." It is hoped with them. The devils only eat 'the that the new station will be opened Spirit' of the offerings, and Madam within a year, with headquarters at Priestess the 'body.' the chief town, Mandritsara. "The Dusuns believe in a 'God' who L. M. S. Chronicle. has two others to help him (a wife and a son), life after death with pun- Flourishing Mission School ishment or reward, and immortality of the souL" T HE Duke Town Boys' School near Calabar, West Africa, is one of Catholic Missions. the largest of its kind on the mission field. The number on the roll varies OBITUARY from 1,200 to 1,500, but the buildings are adequate and the staff is well or- Ml'S. Underwood, of Korea ganized, so that there is no impression of crowding. Mr. Hart, the head- ON October 29th, Lillias Horton master, is a Jamaican, and began the Underwood, widow of the late Dr. school eighteen years ago with a small Horace G. Underwood, of Korea, died number of boys. The remarkable in the citv of Seoul. Mrs. Underwood progress of the school is largely due was one 'of the first Protestant misto him. sionaries to enter Korea. She went out as a medical missionary, in 1888, Teaching is given in English be- under the Presbyterian Board of Forcause of the great variety of languages eign Missions. She was for some years spoken by the boys. physician to the Queen, and, after her marriage to Dr. Underwood, con- tinued her medical work.

Mrs. Underwood is the author of "Life of Horace G. Underwood."

MISSIONAllY

History of the William Taylor Self- women sailed under the care of their Sicuap. p orting Missions in South Amer- Trans.lt and BU·lld·mg Fund Society, By Goodsil F. Arms. Illustrated. to be followed later and during the years by many others. 263 pp. New York, Cincinnati. Meth.

odist Book Concern. $2 net. 1921.

"William Taylor-Ambassador of This strategic work of winning Christ to Five Continents" was a persons of standing through their "Flaming Torch" and an inspirer children was likewise about the only of men, especially if they were already way in which self-support could have Christians. This volume shows the been expected. A fine group of Methodist hero in South America, schools of higher grade for girls and where he had difficulties and limita- others for boys and young men had tions placed upon him that he did not been fully and permanently estab- meet in Africa, India or Australia. lished, when in 1903, various circum- How he met these obstacles in stances led the Methodist Board South America we learn from these to undertake their support and care.

chapters. Having previously been The volume is made less interesting wonderfully blessed in his ministra- by the very fact that, like the Mission tions in the three lands just men- itself, self-support calls for frequent tioned, Bishop Taylor did not, references to the material side of Alexander-like, weep for more worlds maintainin,g the Mission's finaniCial to conquer; he simply stepped forth existence. When the author tu.rns to do his part to win South America from the financial to the educational for evangelical Christianity. From and evangelistic sides of the enter- Panama he proceeded southward and prise the wheels are apt to be creak- left behind him along South Amer- ing, with too little mention of the ica's western coast a line of se1£- spirit within the wheels. Bishop Tay- supporting schools which were in- lor was not bhoiomkseislflemaguucehsinapeavritdefnrcoe~ so that the tended to become centers of Christian life and knowledge. His pou sto was the account of the same man when the place where he could find a group he was the Flaming Torch of South of foreigners who desired some place Africa. A book on the spiritual where their children could be edu- aspects of Methodist work in South cated and properly cared for; his America needs to be written by deeper desire was to make these Bishop Oldham, perhaps.

schools the nuclei for future churches, The Christian Movement in Japan, Korea and to supply object-lessons in godly and Formosa. A Year Book of living. When he had aroused the Christian Work. Ninetee:v.th Annual necessary interest, he signed contracts to supply proper teachers. In Issue. Robert Cornell Armstrong ediless than seven months he returned to teorra.tioInV,of42.6C~, ricsltxivainii pp. $2.00' Fed- Missions, Tokyo, Japan. MISSIOnary Education Move.

the States in search of the force to ment, New York, 1921.

meet his contracts in seven such cen- Where else can the reader find ters. He had also aroused sufficient packed into 600 pages such a mass of interest in seven Latin American material illuminating the conditions cities to call for preachers-a re- of last year in Japan, the rising markable six months' work under. Power of the Far East Y With the very difficult conditions. In two help of many collaborators, Doctor months more, five omen and as many .Armstrong has produced a volume 980 which excels in many respects any of material is equal to the very best and the preceding issues of a most im- most interesting articles in the MIS- portant work. It is the Christian SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.

"Statesman's Year Book" of Japan.

Unlike the British Year Book, how- NEW BOOKS ON MISSIONS ever, the material in this volume is Rural Social Organization. By Edwin L. not repeated year after year, but we Earp. 12mo. 144 pp. $1.00. The have here a wholly fresh, interesting Abingdon Press, New York, 1921.

and reliable mass of data concerning The Church and the Immigrant. By the Kingdom of God, as well as that Georgia E. Harkness. 12mo. 110 pp. relating to Japan and its depend- $1.00. George H. Doran Company, encies. New York, 1921.

Foreigners or Friends. A Hand-book.

Among the noteworthy contribu- 12mo. 263 pp. Department of Mistions by able specialists are the edi- sions, Protestant Episcopal Church, 281 tor's general review of the year 1920; Fourth Avenue, New York. 1921. the chronicle of important events in contemporary history; Doctor Mur- Sunday School Builders. By John M. Somerndike. 12mo. 152 pp. The Westminster Press, Philadelphia, Pa.

ray's helpful article upon preparation 1921.

for missionary work in Japan; two The Father and His Boy. By T. W. inspiring accounts of the Eighth Galloway. 16mo. 99 pp. $1.00. As- World's Sunday-school Convention of sociation Press, New York, 1921. last October; a general discussion of educational work during the year, Hand-book of Social Resources of the United States. 8vo. 300 pp. $1.00. American Red Cross. 1921.

including work for Japanese young An Introduction to Missionary Service. men and women; Doctor Mackenzie's By G. A. Golloek. 12mo. 164 pp. comprehensive and exceedingly satis- 3s 6d. Oxford University Press. 1921. factory setting forth of the Japanese Church, unequalled in any other Training World Christians. By Gilhert Loveland. $1.25 net. Methodist Book Coucern, New York and Cineinnati.

twenty pages known to the reviewer; 1921.

wonderful leaves from the lives of The Primacy of the Missionary and Other Addresses. By Archibald Me· eminent Japanese Christians, as re- Lean. 329 pp. $2.50. Christian corded by Doctor Umbreit's visual- Board of Publication, St. Louis, Mo. izing pen; the chapters upon eco- 1920. nomic and sociologic activities, sure The Jews of Eastern Europe. By J. H. to attract business men and all in- Adeney. 12mo. 94 pp. $1.40. The terested in sociology; reports of or- Macmillan Company, New York, 1921.

ganizations carrying on every variety The Hebrew-Christian Messiah. By A. of mission work, suited for those Lukyn Williams. Society for the Promospeaking upon such organizations in tion of Christian Knowledge, London. the church prayer-meetings; tributes 1921. to the lives and labors of those who People of Other Lands. By Edith A. How. Ill. 92 pp. $0.40. The Mac- entered into their heavenly service millan Company, New York. 1921.

last year; pages from the growth of Chief Men Among the Brethren. By Hy the Kingdom in Formosa, practically Pickering. 16mo. 240 pp. 3s 6d. an unknown field to all in America, Pickering & Inglis, London. 1921. except Canadian Presbyterians; a Paul's Letters. No.3. By D. J. Burrell. 12mo. 167 pp. $1.25. $3.25 for set hundred pages of live information of three. American Tract Society. from Korea, the martyr land of 1921. progress and inspiration. William M. Morrison. T. C. Vinson. The appendices and directories 12mo. 201 pp. $0.75. Presbyterian Committee of Publication, Richmond, which conclude the volume are indis- Va. 1921.

pensable for Far Eastern missionaries, The Story of a Mashonaland Boy. Told and valuable for American specialists. by Himself. Pamphlet. 12mo. 23 pp. Much of this valuable and informing $0.15. The Macmillan Company, New York. 1921. You Are Not Experimenting when you enroll for a Moody Bible Institute Correspondence Course. These courses have been tested to entire satisfaction by thousands of students, including a large number of clergymen well qualified to judge their value. What some of these clergymen say is given below. '

SYNTHETIC COURSE BIBLE DOCTRINE COURSE Synthetic Bible study I enjoy the work very much a.nd am getting more out has been a wonderful of it than any Bible study I ever pursued, not excepting blessing in deepening my work in college.-An Ohio pastor, my interest in the Scriptures, in deepen- It is a wonderful help and I thank God from the bot. ing my spiritua.l life, tom of my heart. It is beneficial to me and therefore and in increasing the must be to those who listen to me.-A Canadian pastor. power of my ministry. -An Oregon pastor. I have been more than pleased with the Bible study. It has been full of prayer meeting topics and sermon I can truthfully say material. I highly recommend it to all who have not that these studle. taken it.-An Oklahoma pastor. have been a. delight and & blessing to me, I was not able to take a theological course at a sem. revealing anew the Inary but when I was ordained I passed a rigid exam. depth and harmony of the Inspired Word of ~b~!ri~lnla~:!r~ ~h~::;~ t?e ~~~~::s i:PD!crri~:.~l: God.-A Hlssour! pas· tor. Iowa pastor. Five other courses are offered besides the three D£AN JAMJ<S M. GRAY, D.D. I am receiving a. Author of the Synthetic Course. great deal of good named above. They are: BIBLE CHAPTER from the Synthetic SPURMACMTAIRCYA,LINCTHRROIDSTUICATNORWYOBRIKB,LEEVCAONUGRES.LI<~; Bible study. I am giv. ISM, AND CHRISTIAN EVIDENCES, all highly ing it in outline to endorsed by satisfied students. my people at our eve- ning services with a. Men whose lives were shaped by the Bible laid the marked increase in at· founda tions of American freedom. This marvelous tendance. – A Michi- :Book has moulded earth's loftiest characters. It meets gan pastor. ~~:rtse~h:S!n~~~t:nto ;::f~ndef:stf~g ~~~~~s~att r~~ SCOFIELD COURSE veals man's only way of salvation and it is the world's I want to bear testimony to the blessing the course best business book. Dig in it as for gold and you will in Synthetic Study has been to me. In all my nine ~i::.re treasure of value and extent bSl'ond any caleula.- years in the ministry I have not had such help a.nd inspiration from anything. I believe that in the study Truly as President Wilson said, "A man has de~ of the Old Testa.ment alone I have found enough NEW Erived himself of the best there i. in the world who material for sermon and Bible class work to last rna 'B!ble~,~prived himself of intimate knowledge of the five years.-A Nebraska pastor. Nothing Is more needed in America today than Bible :Rev. C. I. Scofield, D.D., a.uthor of the Scofleld Course, study, and for the great majority the most satisfactory wrote, "I am convinced that the correspondence method method is by Correspondence. of Bible study is not merely a fairly good substitute for oral instruction in the Scriptures, but is enormously Don"t Allow Anything better than any oral teaching can possibly be. No one will understand me to undervalue oral teaching of the to cheat you of your wonderful privilege of system- Bible. It has certain evident advantages. But no stu- atically studying the one Book which outweighs in dent can possibly give to the Bible, its form, content value all other books in all the world. and spiritual message, as close a study in oral class work as he must give under the correspondence method, In these trying times men and women who rea.lly if he is to successfully pass the examinations. know God's Word are needed beyond the power of. lan- guage to express, Trained Bible students are in great "I[ore than 2,000 ministers took the study with me. demand. Whether in the home, church, school or the Perhaps the most common testimony a8 to their prog- business world, this training is of inestimable value. ress wa.s an increased faCility a.nd joy in preaching. For no man will ever live long enough to preach half DON'T DELAY of the vital, gripping sermOns in the Bible." You will be n personal pupil-time, place and amount of study under your own control. The prices are low. I look upon the Scofield Course as the best correspond· These courses are not sold for profit. There is no beteuce course I have ever seen.-Superintendent of a ter time to start than NOW. Send the coupon at once Bible Institute. for Free Prospectus describing our eight Courses in detail. In all my thirty·three years in the ministry I bave never enjoyed any study as I have this.-A North MAIL THE COUPON TOD,AY Dakota pastor. .::::::::::r-~:~~:~;"~~~t~~;;~;~~~~~~ spondence Bible Study_ This course, taken in ten months without interfering' Name …….. _… __ . _…………………. . 'With my regular pastoral duties, has proved of ineal.. Address ………. _…………………….. . culable value to me. I expected much, I received far more. I most heartily recommend it to busy ministers and laymen.-A Texas pastor.

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Number Price of each Postpaid Copies ..•… UNFINISHED BUSINESS OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN AMERICA. Mission study book for adults and young people. Fred East- man ………………………………………………………… Cloth 75c Paper 50C …… PLAyING SQUARE WITH TOMORROW. Mission study book for seniors and intermediates. Fred Eastman ………………………………. Cloth 7Sc Paper SOC …… THE CHRISTIAN SPIRIT IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS. John Mc- dowell …………………………………………………………… r5c •…•. BIGGEST JOB IN AMERICA. General leaflet for free distribution to the con- gregation ………………………………………………………… free …… HOME MISSIONS TO-DAY. W. R. King ……………………………. 5c ……WHO IS YOUR NEIGHBOR? Pictorial Presentation of the Immigrant Prob- lem ……………………………………………………………… 3Sc …•••THE NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSE …………………………………… roc ……TWENTY YEARS IN PORTO RICO. Arthur James …………………. zoe …… MOTANIC: A Ntw KIND OF INDIAN STORy…………………………… Sc …… THE STORY OF WHITE ROCK (Southern Mountains) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . roc …… MISSION NEAREST THE NORTH POLE ………………………….. free …… THE NEW HOME MISSION OF THE CHURCH. W. P. Shriver ……… roc " .. , .ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS FOR 1920-21. (One copy to each address.) ………………………………………… free …… INFORMATION REGARDING THE BOARD'S LANTERN SLIDE LEC- TURES …………………………………………………………. free PERIODICALS OUR JEWISH NEIGHBORS (Quarterly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Per year Soc HOME LANDS (Countfy Church Bi-monthly) ………………………. Per year Soc FULL LIST OF TITLES SENT ON REQUEST Remit by N. Y. draft or P. O. Name ………………………………… .. order, payable to Varian Banks, Address Treasurer.

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Subject to Examination Important ( E P u b l i c a t i o n s PEKING: A SOCIAL SURVEY The Bible has never Sidney D. Gamble been published in any An exhaustive description of the life in the capital of form in which the China in all the intricacy of its old customs and habits. reading 01 it has been made so attractive to Illustrated. 8vo. Net. $5.00 both old and young 8B in the "INTERNA. INDIA: ITS LIFE AND THOUGHT T10NAL" Rev. JoAn P. Jones, D.O.

CHRISTIAN A volume remarkable for its fairnes$, impartiality and in- WORKERS' BIBLE sight. Illustrated. 8vo. Net, $2.00 By an en tirely new FLASH-LIGHTS FROM THE plan, a thread of red SEVEN SEAS Rev. William L. Stidger, D.O. ink. running from Genesis to Revela- Interesting travel·talks of ten countries of the Orient with tion, binds in one all the romance of its enchanting color and atmosphere. harmonious whole each leadingtopic.All OUT WHERE THE WORLD the precious truths which lie hidden BEGINS Abe Cory der the mass of un- connectpd matter and A romance of Tibet, that far country "out on the roof of escape the mere read- the world." Here fate weaves a strange pattern with the er are brought to light lives of three people and another shihing chapter is added and tied together. to the glowing annals of Christian service.

The Rev. Jesse Lyman STREAMS IN THE DESERT Hurlbut, D.O., the pop- ular au thority in Bible J. H. Morrison, M.A. themes, has arranged on this plan Three Thousand A very readable recm"d of a journey to Central Africa, Selected Texts. Nyasaland, northeastern Rhodesia, and the tomb of the PROMINENT PEOPLE'S OPINIONS great Livingstone. Illustrated. 12mo. Net, ,1.50 Wanamaker: Interna- MISSIONARY STORIES FOR ristian Workers' Bible LITTLE FOLKS Margaret T. Applegarth anything hith- FIRST SE:RIE:S-PRIMARY making the Fifty-two brief stories covering the world of Missions, both home and foreign, in a way that will hold the interest able to Chris- of little folks.

endeavor to get SECOND SERIES-JUNIOR teaching of the Bible directly Fifty-two stories which fill a real need for class use and home instruction for the Junior children. Each book: New Edition, Illustrated. 12mo. Net, ,1.75 mediately. and not through the THE NEW MISSIONARY HEROES SERIES FOR YOUNG PEOPLE m of commentaries.

BOIIND IN GENUINR LEATllER. divinity circuit. with overlapping covers (like iJ/ustration). round corners, gold edges, red underneath. Size of page 5?4×8% inches, beautifully printed in extra large Missionary biographies for boys and girls: each volun.e clear type on extra fine prtper; also con tains Lat- an authority on the person dealt with.

est Teachers' to Bible Study. No. I David Livingstone No. 7 Mackay of Uganda No.2 Dr. Wilfred Grenfell No. 8 Gilmour of Mongolia No. 3 Robert Moffat No. 9 Abel of Kwato NO.4 James Chalmers No. 10 Bishop Hannington NO.5 William Carey No. II Heroes of Madagascar No.6 Pandita Ramabai No. 12 John Williams Illustrated. 16mo. Net, e&oh $1.50 THE STORY OF JOHN G. PATON Rev. Jo;mes Paton, D.O.

A new edition of this most famous of all stories of mis- THE JOHN C. sionary adventure for young folks. Thousands of chil- WINSTON CO., dren of this and coming generations will be influenced by PHILADELPHIA. I2mo. .Net, $1.50 its reading. Lures! THE STORY OF THE LIFE OF American Bibl. Pob- MACKAY OF UGANDA MiuMackay lisIaer. ~en~ild~d~}OAf~fc~~e Atoiisci!a:~~ b~o~keeform~hi~d~:~ in Illustrated. r.mo. Net, $1.50 AT YOUR RELIGIOUS BOOKSTORE GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY NEW YORK Please mention TH~ MISSIONARY RltVI~W OF TllE WORLD in writing to advertisers. A Great Spiritual Hunger in Russia Sorrow, suffering, death and destruction have stricken the smitten people of Russia. No doubt they are suffering for national as well as for individual sins. They are in great need of food and clothing to keep them alive and warm. But their deepest need is spiritual. They need the Gospel of Christ, the message of life and salvation. And multitudes are humbled and are seeking spiritual help.

MISSIONARY MARUSICH writes under date of June 8) I92I: "From different places special messengers are constantly coming, begging me with tears to visit their places and to preach the Gospel to the Russian multitudes. At present I am working in Poland. Thou- sands are turning to Christ! Ever}' Sunday U'e baptize from fifteen to sixty-five souls, or more. The whole of Poland is set on fire for God, the Russian population particularly. The field and the hearts of the people are open for the evangelistic work.

Our greatest need here is in Bibles and New Testaments. If it be possible for you, my dear brother, acquire Bibles and New Testaments as many as possible and send them to me, for the sake of these longing and seeking millions. Whole villages are turning to God, hundreds of them, and there is no spiritual food to feed them upon. There is a need here for many more Missionaries.

You would scarcely believe that from twenty to thirty surrounding villages gather together when u'e have mutings, especially a Baptism service. In such a way we have gatherings of from tuo to four thousand people. To-day I am invited to visit seven different places and to bap- tize the converts there. From this you can judge the need of workers.

The Soviet Authorities place at the disposal of our brethren the largest buildings, railroad trains and horses, so that we might, without hindrance, travel and preach the Gospel of Love. Hundreds of the Red A rmy are turning to God. It seems as if it u'ere the last call of grace, and Russians are responding to this call."

1}lease mentlOn TnE MrSS10NARY Rltvn:w OF' THE VORLD In writing to advertisers. PASTOR IVAN SHILOFF of Petrograd 'writes thus: "Masses of the people are turning to the Lord and almost in every city of Russia there are believers. Multitudes of the people who were deceived by the Popes (priests) and dissatisfied in politics, with great thirst are crying; 'Give us food-true food.' If at the present time five hundred true preachers would come here with sufficient supply of the Holy Scriptures and Spiritual literature, then I would say without ex- aggeration, u'ithin a year a million souls would be converted to God."

A Visitation of God All this plainly shows that God is visiting this great and needy land in special grace. The present situation in Russia is a challenge to the Church of Christ everywhere. The need for men, money and Bibles is great.

We have to-day 25 workers on the field, with several more accepted and ready to sail.

$60 u-ill support a worker for one month ($720 for a year).

Re~d Our Monthly Magazine..·"The Friend of Russia"

for news that thrills, right from the field, as well as spiritual messages from the Word. It is edited by W. S. Hottel, who is also the editor of the "Chris- tian Life" Series of Sunday-school Quarterlies, so highly commended and so widely used. .

The magazine costs $1.00 per annum. We make this special trial after: 50 cents for one year.

We solicit the prayers of all God's people e~)erywhere.

Contributions for Bibles and for the support of the work at home and abroad rna)' be sent to THE RUSSIAN MISSIONARY SOCIETY 1844 W. Monroe St., Chicago, Ill., U. S. A.

Object and Aim: To witness for Christ throughout entire Russia. Our present objective; 500 Missionaries and Evangelists in Russia. Our Society is evangelical and unsectarian, and fosters fellowship with all Christians.

WILLIAM FETLER, General Director. W. S. HOTTEL, Home Director.

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BONDS MISSIONARY BUREAU furnish you an oppor~ Chicago, U. S. A. tunity to help a great work and also to re~ has made a specialty of service to Mis- ceive an income dur~ sionaries in foreign lands for over 25 ing your life. We years. Our Missionary Bureau will 'glad- -supply immigrants, ly furnish informatiou, and assist yoit in sailors, the blind and assembling, packing, and shipping your the poor with Bibles. overseas equipment. You save money by taking advantage of our low carload Every kind of Bible for sale. Scofield, freight rates. Before planning your Oxford, Bagster, Cambridge, Holman, overseas outfitting write for our MIS- Nelson, at special di8counts. SIONARY CIRCULAR and large CATALOGUE of general merchandise NEW YORK BIBLE SOCIETY sent free with [1l2th Year] PRICES GREATLY REDUCED 5 East 48th St., NEWYORK Prices are reduced on nearly all lines. On many items our I92I prices are more than one-third below I920 catalogue prices. Our catalogue will give you the lowest prices obtainable on high quality merchandise.

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HARRY EMERSON FOSDICK'S three "Everyday Life" books, "Meaning of Prayer," "Meaning of Faith," "Meaning of Service," were written expressly to meet a great human need. This need, in all its variety of expression, he has felt and seen with rare understanding of human lives. Dr. Fosdick writes in clear, brief language and is an inspiring reality in the lives of hundreds of thousands. These three books make a worth-while gift for all occasions. They come either in a specially bound set, as listed below, or, they may be bought singly, in the regular art leather cloth of the "Everyday Life" series at the following prices: "The Meaning of Prayer" $1.15 "The Meaning of Faith" $1.35 "The Meaning of Service" $1.25 Over 800,000 copies of the "Everyday Life" books have been sold in the last few years. Shall we send you our catalog with the complete list?

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