The Missionary Review of the World — September 1939

1939

The Japanese Control of Religion By a Recent Resident Christian Opportunities in Japan J. Harper Brady The Churches in the DustBowl Mark A. Dawber By-Products of the Arabian Mission Samuel M. Zwemer Fasl-Begh-Address Unknown "Shaheeda"

Training Indian Women Doctors Dame Edith Brown The Present Situation in Portugal Wm. H. Rainey Preaching Christ in Europe Adolf Keller 25 Cents ~ Copy $2.50 a Year

Items Dates to Remember throughout the Presbyterian

and in other Christian circles because Dr. Clarence G. Salsbury, Superin- August 1-IO-Erieside Conference for of his work for lepers of Allahabad tendent of Ganado Presbyterian Mis- Boys and Young Men. Willowick, and in connection with the Allahabad sion to Navajo Indians in Arizona, Ohio. Agricultural Institute, a missionary and medical director of Sage Memorial enterprise. He attended the Mt. Her- Hospital, has been made President Aug. 5-10-Ninth Quadrennial Con- mon School for Young Men and of the recently organized Arizona vention ·of the Woman's Home and Princeton University where he was a Hospital Association. Arizona is one Foreign Missionary Society of Af- member of the class of 1903, and went of the last states to organize such rican Methodist Episcopal Zion to India the same year. He received an association. Almost all the state's Church, Detroit, Mich. the degree of Doctor of Philanthropy 45 hospitals are embraced in this from Princeton and Bachelor of Scieffort to handle matters arising from August 13-20-Geneva Summer School ence in Agriculture from Ohio State legislative and social security prob- of Missions, Lake Geneva, Wis. For College, Master of Science from Amlems. It will be affiliated with the information write to Mrs. Paul H. herst College and received the Kaisar- American Hospital Association. Wezeman, 1177 S. Humphrey Ave., i-Hind Gold Medal in 1935 and the Oak Park, ill. King George Medal in 1937. *** Mrs. A. E. Harper, of the Presby- August 30-September 2 – National He was born in Manchester, Engterian Punjab Mission, has received Rural Forum. Penn State College, land, on October 24, 1874, and came the Kaisar-i-Hind gold medal for dis- under the auspices of the American to the United States in 1894. tinguished service to India. Dr. and Country Life Assn., Dr. Benson Y. Mrs. Harper, who have been in India Landis, Executive Secretary, 297 Obituary Notes since 1914, are in charge of the Moga Fourth Ave., New York. Training School for Village Teachers, The Rev. Dr. Ross Stevenson, Preswhich is the formal name for what September I-Home Mission Day at ident Emeritus of Princeton Theologi- Indians and missionaries prefer to the World's Fair, New York. cal Seminary, a former pastor of the call "The Village of Service." Mrs. Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church Harper is the author of two books for September 2-4 – Erieside Business and a Moderator of the General Asyoung people on India-"The Golden Women's Conference, Willowick, sembly of the Presbyterian Church in Sparrow" and "Shera of the Punjab." Ohio. the United States of America, died in New York on August 13 at 73 years *** October I-Loyalty Sunday. of age. He is survived by his widow, Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, after ten October 11-I8-Twelfth Quadrennial Florence Day Stevenson and by his years of residence at Princeton, N. J., three sons, Dr. Theodore Dwight Stehas moved to the Hotel Carteret, Sev- Convention of the Woman's Parent venson, a medical missionary in Canenth Avenue and 23rd Street, New Mite Missionary Society of the Af- ton, China, Donald Day Stevenson of York City. rican Methodist Episcopal Church, Pennsylvania State College and Wil- Chicago, ill. liam Edwards Stevenson of the law *** October 24-25-130th Annual Meet- firm of Debevoise, Stevenson, Plimp- ArthtH' L. Carson, Ph.D., director ing of the American Board of Com- ton & Page. of the Rural Institute of Cheeloo Uni- missioners for Foreign Missions versity, Tsinan, China, has been meeting with the Mid~West Region, Dr. Stevenson was much loved as a elected president of Silliman Univer- Pilgrim Church, St. Louis, Mo. pastor, teacher and friend. He was sity, Dumaguete, P. I. Dr. Carson one of the best-known Presbyterian went W China in 1921, and after a Dr. Helen Kim, a pioneer in wom- clergymen in the United States. For short service in Canton, he organized en's education in Korea, has been many years he served .as Chairman of an agricultural department in the elected President of Ewha College in the Presbyterian General Assembly's boys' high school at Weihsien, to meet Seoul, to succeed Miss Alice Appen- Department of Church Cooperation a recognized need. In Cheloo Univer- zeller. Dr. Kim has participated in and Union, and was a leader in the sity he had opportunity to serve the many international conferences both negotiations of his denomination for rural Chinese to better advantage. at home and abroad as a representa- a proposed concordat with the Prot- tive of Korea. She was a delegate to estant Episcopal Church. *** the Jerusalem Conference in 1928. He was born at Ligonier, Pa., on Dr. Edward Warren Capen is re- *** March 1, 1866, the son of the Rev. tiring from the deanship of the Ken- Ross Stevenson, Presbyterian minisnedy School of Missions of the Hart- Rev. J. G. Holdcroft, missionary of ter, and Martha A. Harbison Stevenford Seminary Foundation, after son. He was graduated from Washservice in that office since 1919. The the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. in ington and Jefferson College and then steady development of the school dur- Korea, has returned to Seoul in order from McCormick Theological Semiing toe last twenty-eight years is due to stand by the missionaries there and nary at Chicago. For four years he largely to his personal devotion. Dur- help in the work during this time of occupied a pastorate in Sedalia, Mo., ing this time more than 892 students crisis. Mrs. Holderoft is detained in and then returned to McCormick Semhave enrolled, representing more than America on account of her mother, inary for eight years. In 1902 he besixty mission boards; and these stu- who is 86 years of age. Pray for Dr. came pastor of the Fifth Avenue dents have served in 47 different mis- and Mrs. Holdcroft in this time of Presbyterian Church in New York sion fields throughout the world. testing. and in 1909 accepted the call of the Brown Memorial Church in Balti- *** *** more. He was elected president of Dr. T. K. Van, acting President of Dr. Samuel Higginbottom, Presi- Princeton Theological Seminary in the University of Shanghai since the dent of Ewing Christian College, Alla- 1914, and the next year was elected assassination of President Herman habad, India, has the distinction of be- Moderator of the General Assembly. C. E. Liu in 1938, has been elected ing the only lay missionary who has the President. In view of the tense ever been elected Moderator of the Dr. Stevenson retired from the pressituation following the assassination Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. idency of the Princeton Theological by a Japanese agent, it was not This honor was conferred upon him at Seminary in May, 1936, and subsethought wise to select a president at the General Assembly in Cleveland, quently served as temporary president the time. Ohio on May 25th. of the American section of the World Dr. Van's sterling Christian char- Dr. Higginbottom is not an Ameri- Conference on Faith and Order and acter, his scholarly attainments and can citizen, having been born in Great the Universal Christian Council for his quiet efficiency in a crisis mark Britain, is not an ordained minister, Life and Work. He and Mrs. Steventhe wisdom of his selection. never attended a theological seminary son went on a tour of Presbyterian and was elected an elder of the Pres- missions in the Far East in 1937. byterian Church in Cleveland only about two weeks before he was elected (Concluded on third cover.) Moderator. He has become well known and greatly beloved and honored

THE CALL LEADS . .. THE MISSIONARY To

REVIEW OF THE WORLD "EAST OF SUEZ" ORIENT DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor by VOL. LXII SEPT.,1939 No.9 EMp(l.ESS The Jain Temple, Calcutta Publication and Business Office- fl.PIlESS Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. rOB OVBB 100 YBllBS Only 10 swift days direct to THB WllY HllS .8BN Editorial and Executive Ollice– Yokohama when you sail by 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Empress to the Orient. Only PaO Entered as second-class matter at 3 more days to visit lovely Hawaii en route by Empress of Let the comfort of modern liners and the secur- Post Ollice, Harrisburg, Pa., under Japan, largest and fastest liner ity of British seamanship enhance your voy- Act of March 3, 1879. on the Pacific, or Empress of age. Whenever you are called to the other Canada. From California side of the world, choose this traditional route. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. ports connect at Honolulu. Cross to England by a modern transatlantic Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. liner and then embark in a great liner of the Published monthly, except August. Frequent sailings from both P & 0 and British India fleets, led by the new All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1939. Vancouver and Victoria to 23,500-ton Strathallan, Strathmore, and Strath- British agents – Marshall, Morgan Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, eden carrying First and Tourist Classes. Air- and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, Shanghai,HongKong,Manila. conditioned dining saloons in First Class, hot London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, Consult YOUR OWN TRAVEL and cold running water throughout, built-in 10 sh!1lings a year. AGENT or Canadian Pacific: out-door swimming pools, children's play- 41 offices in U. S. and Canada. rooms! Regular service to Egypt, Sudan, Iran- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBian Gulf, India, Burma, Ceylon, Straits Seule- LISHING CO., INC. ments, China, Japan, Australia, East and South Africa, Mauritius. Special reductions BOARD OF DIRECTORS and generous baggage allowance for missionaries. ROBERT E. SPEER, President A. L. WARNSHUIS, Vice-President Convenient throuqh bookinqs can WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary j be arranqed by your travel aqent. PAUL J. BRAISTED Or apply at 25 Broadway, 638 Fit~~ A~•• N. Y•••• ~ =Y ,,"'''' ~ SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT D. J. FANT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPllARD ERIC M. NORTH SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Editorial Chat The summer is past and the autumn begins. It is a time for new pro- grams and increased activity in the Church and mission work as well as in schools, business and public enter- prises.

We call attention to the material in this number of THE REVIEW–edi- torials, articles, news, methods-all bring useful and interesting informa- tion for Christian workers. THE RE- VIEW brings before each reader im- portant topics for prayer, conference and cooperation. Read prayerfully the articles on "The Dust Bowl Churches," the situation in Japan and in Europe. You will be stirred by the reports from Arabia and India and Dutch New Guinea. You will be deeply interested in the story of a Russian Christian's pilgrimage in Central Asia. Make your interest count for the Cause of Christ.

*** Some recent comments on the value of THE REVIEW show that God is blessing its ministry: "I have had the pleasure of reading your magazine on different occasions. Not being able to subscribe, I am wondering if any reader would be willing to pass on to me their used CUNARD WHlE Sl AR copies. It would be much appreci- ated." HECTOR H. GARDINER.

, p..gents for l Lin Cheng Hsien, GenerCl Hopei, North China. NO ORl£NTA *** P£NlNSUlAR AlNOlA ST£AM SH "I send my subscription for another ANO BRlTl CO MPANl£S year feeling it a very fine investment. NAVlGATlON I enjoy all the articles and comments.

If I go to summer or winter schools I shall certainly commend THE RE- VIEW." MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY.

Beverly, Mass.

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DlSTRlBUTlUN GIVING LITERATURE TO PRISONERS A PORTUGUESE

MONUMENT TO LUIS DE CAMOES WITH BIBLE SOCIETY DEPOT IN THE BACKGROUND AT LISBON (See article on page 409.) REVIB ORLD VOLUME LXII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 9 SEPTEMBER, 1939 Topics of the Times MEETING THE CRISIS IN THE CHURCH Czechoslovakia and the Polish Ukraine? Perse- Many churches in America, as in other lands, cution cannot destroy them; poverty alone will are facing it crisis. Their income from gifts has decreased, their membership has dwindled, the not kill them. Such experiences did not destroy community in which the work is carried on has radically changed. What is their outlook? What the Apostolic Church; nor have they prevented is the solution of their problem? the growth of the church in mission fields. But There are worse things than for an organization or an individual to die a physical death. It materialism, self-centeredness and failure to culis far worse to die spiritually than to lose the reason for existence. If a man or a church cannot tivate spiritual life will sap vitality in churches longer serve the Cause of Christ in a community "Why cumbereth it the ground"? Physical death and individuals. may open the way to new spiritual life. Today, in the midst of world-wide distress, is One solution for a dying church may be a change it not time for Christians to seek spiritual vitality to meet the needs and conditions of the new environment. The change from a dead conserva- and to express spiritual life in personal service? tism to a living organism may be the way to larger service. A church that has served chiefly There is special need to help fellow Christians in aged saints, may well begin to reach out to meet the growing needs of youth, to train Christian distress wherever they may be, and to promote the workers, to evangelize the unconverted and backsliders of the community, to become truly a living missionary work of Christ with new vigor wherpower and a missionary-minded congregation. Size never determines vitality, power or useful- ever doors are open-at home or abroad. ness. There is clearly work for every Christian and every church in any environment where hu- Dr. Adolf Keller, of Switzerland, Director of man contacts may be made. The first requisite for service is the indwelling and manifestation of the Central Bureau for the Relief of the Evangelithe living Christ in the life and work of the individual or in the church. cal Churches of Europe, calls attention to the fact If churches in America are experiencing a that the need for help for these churches is incrisis-what about the churches in Japan, where militarism prevails; in Germany where totalitar- creasing rather than diminishing. He says: ianism seeks to control church life; in Russia where all faith in God is discredited; in China The rise of totalitarianism and the almost incredible where foreign invasion destroys property and life; fury of the outbreak of anti-Semitism have deeply affected in countries of Europe where unrest, poverty and the economic situation of the evangelical churches their materialism prevail? What shall be done for the liberty of conscience, their spiritual as well as congregaevangelical churches in Spain, in Germany, in tional and organizational life. All over the world the structure of civilization shows deep fissures where we had seen only solid rock.

Certain areas of specific need have within the last year shown increased distress, due in part to adverse eco- nomic conditions, but in far greater measure to the effects of national hysteria, the persecution mania which has broken out in so many places. A few problems are indi- cated here.

M.u~h :tttentio.n has been given to feeding evangelical famIhes In RUSSIa, those whose breadwinner has been sent to Siberia or the Arctic Circle. Relieving the extreme poverty of Reformed and other Protestant ministers in Rumania has been another project.

The encouraging evangelical movement in the Ukraine is being hit both by financial difficulties and by all manner of petty persecution·on the part of local authorities, i. e., every pastor must get a permit for every sermon that he preaches, whether in his own parish or elsewhere.

As the need grows for a strong and enlightened Chris- tian ministry, courageous and independent, the number of young men who can finance their training dwindles in Europe.

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A staggering refugee problem also faces us. These were the problems _before the Madras Czechoslovakia is on the critical list for the losses of Conference, and they were the problems before territory have meant a heavy blow to the Church of the the forty-sixth Foreign Missions Conference, held Czech Brethren (Hussite). They are paying a heavy price in Swarthmore in June. These two working confor peace, and it would be shameful if we let them pay it alone. Recent reports from Italy indicate that unfavorable ferences were built on similar lines-a new plan developments are facing the Waldensian Church. for the American annual meeting. It was not a The Christian Church in Europe is once more time for speeches and reports but an opportunity bringing forth martyrs; humble people jeopard- for prayerful deliberation on specific topics, preize their livelihood and the future of their children pared for by commissions and discussed in variin order to stand by Christian principles which are no longer recognized by their governments; yet ous groups that reported their recommendations churches are packed in many places where empty benches had become the rule. The witness of these to the whole conference. Two hundred and heroes of the faith has awakened echoes around eighty-seven men and women, from over sixty dethe world. nominations met for eight days to consider seven great mission areas and then such topics as-The Christianity may be driven again into the catacombs and caves, but churches in America and Life-Giving Church, The Sustenance of the Life England must rise to meet the challenge of the o~ the Church, Christian Leadership, World Tenhour. SIOns and Cooperation. Dr. John R. Mott, the veteran leader-ever youthful in outlook and vigor PROBLEMS FOR MISSION WORKERS -reminded the conference that the only founda- tion for the Christian Church is the ever Living There has probably never been a time when the whole foreign missionary enterprise has been con- Christ and faith in Him as the Son of God and fronted with greater difficulties, more complicated Saviour of man. problems, more dire need or more challenging opportunities than today. The very size of the The principle of Christian fellowship and coenterprise-with twenty-seven thousand Protes- operation in the name of Christ was dominant at tant missionaries on the field besides a total staff Swarthmore. Representatives from Mexico, Afriof over 200,000 Christian workers of various races and nations cooperating with them-constitutes ca, China, India and other fields, as well as from a problem as to the direction and support of the work. About $30,000,000 is required every year various Evangelical communions, brought varied in voluntary gifts from Protestant Christians to views and stirring challenges to cope with the task maintain this work with any degree of efficiency -so far as money can help to accomplish this. sacrificially and adequately.

Other problems are involved in the complexity The results of this conference, as well as the of the work-which is more than simple evange- outcome of Madras, must be seen in the churches, lism and the training of Christian leaders-in the the Board offices and on the field in the months to growth and self-assertion of the developing come. One thing is certain-nothing adequate churches in mission lands; in the unrest and conflicts in such countries as India, China, Korea and and abiding can be accomplished except through Japan; in the changed attitudes of the governments toward Christian missions in such lands as the power and leadership of the Spirit of Gwhod~ liv- Egypt, Turkey, Iran, Japan and Mexico; in the ing and working in individual disciples are war spirit and economic depression in Europe and America, resulting in a decrease of missionary surrendered to Christ and devoted to His cause. gifts. Add to this the agitation for new align- ments in the various denominations the over- An important move was made toward unifica- whelming number of appeals for philanthropic causes and the temptation to discouragement as tion of Protestant foreign mission management to the outcome of the whole missionary enterprise, and the decline of faith in many professed Chris- in America. The organizations which have handled tians in the compelling force of the missionary command of Christ-all these and other factors various phases of the enterprise on a semi-autonmake it imperative for loyal Christians to reexamine the world situation, to look at the basis omous basis, winocrlku,dpinrgomroegtiioonnaalnddwiroemcetino'n~ rural and objectives of the missionary enterprise and work, medical work, to consider the forces on which we can rely for victory in the Christian campaign. have now been incorporated into the membership of the Conference as representative committees of that single body. The ten committees are on Africa, the Far East, India, the Philippines, Latin America, Promotion in Interest-Publicity, Foreign Students and Radio, Rural Missions, Women's Work and Christian Medical Council for Overseas Work. The chairmen of these committees will be members of the executive department of the Foreign Missions Conference.

Another new and important featUre of the Swarthmore meeting was the united conference of fifty-six newly appointed missionaries of eight mission Boards. These new missionaries are go- ing to fourteen fields. In addition to the lan-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

guage study, the new missionaries were prepared THE WORLD CONGRESS OF BAPTISTS by a consideration of such topics as The Missionary Home; The Spiritual, Social and Intellectual During July (20th to 27th) the representatives Relationships of the Workers on the Field; The of 12,000,000 Baptists of the world met in Atlanta, Missionaries' Health; The Sharing of Christ with Georgia, for the sixth Baptist World Congress. Others. The fellowship, the prayer life and the Previous sessions have been held in Philadelphia, objectives of the recruits were greatly clarified London, Oslo (Norway), Toronto and Berlin. Dr. and strengthened at Swarthmore. George W. Truett of Texas, presided at the ses- sions. Dr. J. H. Rushbrooke of London, the Gen- The change from January to June for the an- eral Secretary of the Baptist World Alliance, the nual Foreign Missions Conference and the invita- newly elected president, made a strong plea to tion to the newly appointed missionaries have rec- Christians to withstand the assaults now beingognized advantages and will probably be con- made in many lands against civil and religious tinued. freedom. Among other things he said: The chairman elected for next year's confer- Among all evil omens of the past five years the most ence was Dr. C. Darby Fulton of Nashville, Sec- menacing is the activity of secular and ecclesiastical powretary of the Executive Committee of Foreign ers in narrowing the bonds of liberty. Freedom, civil Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. and religious, has been extinguished in many parts of the The Vice-chairmen are Miss Sarah Lyon and Rev. earth and in others menaced and diminished, and theories Leonard A. Dixon; secretaries Dr. Leslie Moss and of the State have arisen, against which the instinctive Miss Florence Tyler; treasurer, M. P. Moller. Christian reaction is decisive.

Frequent mention was made at the conference . . . With efforts to bring Soviet Russia into closer of the sufferings of China, the need to help the contact with the Western democracies, the churches in the Chinese in their distress, the deplorable evil of democratic countries should insist upon a pledge of relicontinued sale of war materials to Japan, effects gious freedom in Rlssia as a basis for such cooperation. of militarism, and the destructive trade in nar- If we forget Russia, we are less than Christians. cotics, the demoralizing effects of war all over the world and the need to work for peace based on No feature of our time is as gravely alarming to the righteousness and brotherly love. missionary enterprise as the multiplication of restrictions and demands in the enlarging Japanese-controlled areas One recommendation of the conference, relating of the Far East. . . . to evangelism includes the following call to prayer: Documents emanating from some of these areas indicate grave and,multiplying obstacles to missionary propaganda, The whole question of evangelism with reference to the while the reverence to the Emperor exacted from Chrisunoccupied areas of the world imperatively demands a spe- tian pupils in schools, in forms scarcely if at all distincial session of the Foreign Missions Conference for which guishable from Shinto religious rites, suggests too closely adequate preparation should be made. . . . Realizing the the Roman emperor-worship for refusing which early urgency of the situation in this hour -of crisis throughout Christians endured a martyr-death. . . . the world and confessing the failure of the Church to meet-fully its evangelistic responsibility, acknowledging our The appalling martyrdom of China is the shame of the utter dependence upon God for His Holy Spirit in power Western World. We could have stopped it and we did not. for the consecration of both person and property to the task of world evangelism, and recognizing the divine origin Protestants had been fearful of the future in Spain, and content of the Gospel Message and the divine source knowing the temper of the Roman Catholic hierarchy and of the commission to preach the Gospel to every creature, their unity in support of General Franco. But pledges we would sound forth a Call to Prayer, addressed to the have been received from General Franco, the Duke of whole Church of Christ, but especially to the churches in Alba, and Lord Phillimore, for freedom of religious worthe United States and Canada, calling upon God's people ship. to be instant in intercession: The congress took up the question of evan- 1. That the Lord of the harvest send forth laborers into gelism, the Rev. Dr. Charles W. Keller, president His harvest. of the Northern Baptist Theological Seminary, Chicago, asserting that it "will cure most of the 2. That the Church, especially at home, be revived, and ills of society." If the souls of Hitler, Mussolini, delivered from compromise with the world, and with sin. Stalin, Chamberlain, Daladier and the Japanese Emperor could be reached to cause them to pray 3. That the unity of the Church may find its expression in unison, there could be no war. in a greater unanimity in understanding and expounding the content of the Gospel message as revealed in God's A statement of the Baptist position on war and Word. peace, condemned profiteering from war and urged general disarmament, strengthening of the League 4. That God may grant to us all who ought to preach of Nations, an international police force and court the Gospel "utterance in opening the mouth to make known of justice, and solution of the problem of unequal with boldness the mystery of the Gospel" (Eph. 6: 19) distribution of natural resources. The statement and "that God may open unto us a door for the Word, and also denounced racial discrimination as "sin," and to speak the mystery of Christ . . . that we may make it condemned totalitarian ideas of the State. For the manifest as we ought to speak." (Col. 4: 3, 4) and first time in this Congress-and in a southern city -all signs were removed that indicated racial dis- 5. That in fulfillment of His promises God may pour out his Spirit in these latter days upon all flesh and turn multitudes to repent of sin and believe in the Saviour.

crimination or division, between white and colored Christians are as cordial as· ever. Permits for evangelistic meetings are not given to missionardelegates. ies or ways are found to keep the people away, as all gatherings, except for regular worship, are Presenting the Baptist position on questions of discouraged.

church unity, commissions of the World Alliance "Due to a combination of circumstances, mid- winter Bible Institutes and conferences have not declared Baptist opposition to organic union with been held as in former years. Missionary activi- ties now are mostly confined to local conferences other churches, but they urged "Christian unity" with Korean leaders, personal work, social con- tacts and ministering to the needy. Surrounded and cooperation with other denominations "at a as we are by so much destitution, physical and spiritual, there are plenty of opportunities for time when Christians are called upon to think and service.

act together." . "Medical mission work is going well, but here also difficulties multiply. All licensed Korean doc- The report of a special commission favored the tors on the hospital staff have been drawn away to outside work; this leaves us greatly handicapparticipation of various Baptist bodies in the ped. War conditions make it extremely difficult to secure experienced physicians. The Japanese are World Council of Churches, so long as the council seeking to control everything – man-power, re- sources, wages, prices, even the thinking and does not constitute itself into an "ecclesiastical speech of the people. The whole country is being geared up to the highest efficiency as a fighting union," or super-church. machine. Naturally mission work suffers because of war conditions. Foreigners are suspect, be- The commission made it clear that Baptists do cause they are foreigners; their movements watched and regulated, their leadership and innot reject "federal" relations to other churches, fluence is frowned upon. Non-cooperation with the Japanese policy on the 'shrine question' is reand feel that "persistent, indifferent division" and garded as reb~llion against the government; though every other form of patriotism is encoursectarianism are "deep disloyalty" to the Christian aged by the Church and the Mission.

faith. . . . "Another friend writes that the local police have insisted that a Korean be appointed on the hospital The report stated the conviction that all Chris- staff to act as a 'go-between' between the police and missionary superintendent who, according to tians should be open to the development of op- Japanese law, has full authority over everything in the hospital. . . . The hospital evangelist was portunity and plans which would encourage our put in jail because he would not go to the shrine. He held his ground and many were praying for participation in the common responsibilities of him; as a result not only was he released but he is back in the hospital preaching the Gospel. Today evangelical Christianity. many of the best Christians cannot be much in evidence in church affairs." On recommendation of the Committee on Evan- Evangelistic work is going on in heathen regelism the congress voted a five-year program of gions and is entirely unmolested where the shrine issue does not come up. It is where the church is evangelism. The plan included the adoption of strong that the issue is pushed. Christians there- fore are going out to the untouched regions and similar programs by the constituent bodies, the are preaching the Gospel there.

setting aside of a special day of prayer and ap- What the future has in store for Christian work in Chosen we do not know, but there is a great and pointment of a committee to direct a world-wide effectual door opened in the hospitals.

campaign. Of late there seems to be some change in the attitude of the Japanese toward the Koreans for DISTURBED CONDITIONS IN CHOSEN in some places they are not pushing the shrine issue as fanatically as they did. Pray for Korea. Recent "uncensored" reports from Chosen show that Japan is not only seeking to force Koreans into the Japanese mold but is apparently endeavoring to get rid of Christian missionary influence as a hindrance to the dictatorial program of the militaristic party. Christians who are loyal lawabiding subjects, but who acknowledge Almighty God as the one supreme Ruler, are suffering persecution from shortsighted human rulers. Missionaries are finding their Christian work hindered if not forbidden. Nevertheless the "Word of God is not bound," says a friend who sends us a report from which we quote the following: "Last autumn the work proceeded along much the usual lines. We missionaries adopted the policy of responding to Korean cans for service, rather than go to outstations upon our own initiative. Under prevailing conditions our visits might prove more embarrassing than helpful to the Korean Christians. In the winter it became very apparent that intimidation wa·s being brought to bear on the churches and that opportunities for missionary cooperation with the outstation churches would be few. For the present the old itinerating days are over though Korean

Japanese Control of

-<!Iii By, Fonn" R",;dent of Jap.. 1111>– T HE long-projected and much discussed Bill The former one did not definitely recognize Chris- for the Control of Religious Bodies was tianity; it required the approval by the authorities passed by the Japane£e Imperial Diet on of the creedal basis as well as of the organization March 23 and will become effective from April 1, of religious bodies; and left much more by way of 1940. Previous bills were formulated by the J ap- supervision to the local police. The former bill anese Cabinets in 1899, 1927, and 1929, but either was to "control religions," this one "to control rewere turned down by the Diet, or were withdrawn ligious bodies." They are under different articles by the government without presentation. The of the constitution.

new law has been in process of preparation since There is need for such a bill as the present one.

1929, during which period it has been subjected As mentioned above, Japan has in recent years ex- to revision of various sorts including one recon- perienced a great growth of what are known as struction from the ground up. "quasi-religions." Some are purely commercial The law provides for a comprehensive control organizations; some are revivals of ancient super- of religious organizations. Approval by the Min- stitions; some indulge in immoral practices; some ister of Education is necessary for the establish- run counter to the national polity. Three years ment of any religious sect or denomination. A ago the famous Way of Man sect was disbanded statement as to the creed, ritual, and organization and its temples razed OIl the ground of lese maof the body must be submitted with the applica- jeste; it claimed a membership of over a million.

tion for recognition, but official "approval" of the Corrupt practices within Buddhist sects have long same is not specifically required. Both sects and been an offense to peace-loving Japanese. The law local congregations must appoint a responsible was needed.

"head" to deal with the government in all matters. This law, like the former bills, has been drawn This step in the direction of a monarchial form up after conference with an investigation commis- of church government is somewhat offset by a pro- sion on which were representatives of all three re- vision which makes congregational permission ligions, the representative of Christianity being necessary for changes in doctrine, clergy, rites, or Rev. Mitsuru Tomita, of the Presbyterian-Re- rules. The establishment of a local congregation formed Church, the chairman of the Board of requires the approval first of the head of the sect Directors of Meiji Gakuin. He wielded such great and then of the Governor of the prefecture. The influence that on several occasions members of the law recognizes Buddhism, sect Shinto, and Chris- Shinto sects protested that too much regard was tianity as religions of the Japanese Empire. Every being paid by the authorities to the desires of the denomination or sect, as well as every local organ- representative of Christianity.

ization, will be required to register as soon as the Gains made possible by the Bill: law becomes effective. Other religions will be (a) The recognition of Christianity as one of dealt with as "reUgious societies" by what will pre- the three religions of the Empire. This of course sumably be a more severe code, since one of the will increase its prestige. Some Christians have avowed purposes of the law is to control the activ- even expressed the hope that Christian stories ities of the freak, and sometimes dangerous, reli- may be inserted into the school text books as gions which have been springing up like Shinto and Buddhist stories now are. But the real mushrooms in Japan in recent years. A well-con- gain will be that the local churches may appeal certed drive of certain Mohammedan leaders to from the tyranny of local police officials to the have Islam included among the "recognized" re- Governor or Minister of Education.

ligions failed in the Diet, in spite of the fact that (b) The permission to organize Christian the Army was reported to be backing the move in bodies as juridical persons, thus offering them an effort to win favor among Mohammedans in legal protection. There are local churches which China and in islands of the South Seas. years ago were organized in this way; but in re- This law IS much milder than the one which in cent years, the practice has not been permitted.

1929 met defeat because of the bitter opposition of Certain denominations are organized as land- the Christian Church and certain Buddhist sects. owning juridical persons; but under the new law [ 391 ]

each denomination and each local congregation nese subjects, of course, are permitted to enjoy may organize as a zaidan hojin and will then have freedom of religious belief, but only "within limthe full legal rights accorded to a "foundation." its of peace and order and not antagonistic to their duties as sUbjects." And it would not re- (c) Many existing local rules will be regular- quire much argument to prove that the duties of ized. This will be a great gain. Up to the pres- Japanese subjects include not only social and poent our churches and preaching places have been litical duties but also what in the West are called regarded merely as "religious societies," and have religious duties. Japan has no state religion, been at the mercy of local petty officials. This has but state Shinto demands of Japanese subjects caused endless annoyance to missionaries and the response in loyalty and worship paid elsechurch officers. where to religion. As a recent writer has stated, "Under such circumstances, no division between The objections commonly made against the Bill 'church' and 'state~ is possible, nor has there ever are not new. At present it is required that every been such a division in Japanese history." local church register a "founder" who is its legal and responsible head and is supposed to speak with The Japanese concept of religion is something authority for the congregation. Schools also must quite different from that held by Westerners. The appoint such a person. The head of the National Japanese word for "religion" was, in fact, coined Christian Council is held responsible for its ac- by a Christian in the nineteenth century. A numtions to the government. This is "an old Japanese ber of significant points in this connection were custom"; and the best way to meet it is to appoint brought out by the debate in the Imperial Diet such an officer and then to regulate his actions. on the Bill under discussion. Home Minister Reports of local congregations must now be made Araki on one occasion stated that the differentia to local police stations in much the same form as of a religion are (1) a founder, (2) a creed, and those prescribed in the new law. (3) organization for self propagation. This definition has cropped up several times before in Under existing laws religious societies can be recent years, and very conveniently leaves state disbanded for the reasons given in the new law. Shinto out of the category of religion altogether. "Russellites" can no lonler prosecute their work Even Daikichiro Tagawa, a member of the Diet in Japan; Mormons withdrew some years ago; and a prominent Christian layman accepts this the "Way of Man" cult was disbanded. distinction in his recent book "Kokka to Shukyo" (State and Church) and appears to believe that There is danger, however, in the possibility that state Shinto lies outside the religious category be- "subversive" elements may be discovered in Chris- cause it contains no superstition! According to tian creeds when such statements are presented him, the holding of superstition concerning founto the officials, even though such presentation is ders of religions and their followers is one of the technically only a matter of form. A number of characteristics of a religion, including Chris- Christian doctrines may be interpreted as run- tianity. ning counter to the Japanese national polity as understood at present; for example, some forms The debates in the Diet lead one to the ineviof millenarianism; some expressions of the rela- table conclusion that Japanese of the official or tion of Church and State; the Quaker and Advent- governing class look upon state Shinto, or the ist attitude toward military service; references Way of the gods, exactly as we of the West look to Christ as King of kings and Lord of lords, are upon a religion; in fact, their use of the word all susceptible to such misinterpretation. Here "Way" seems to differ very little from the Chrisagain it is to the advantage of the Church to have tian's use of it when he says that Christ is the the denominational creed registered at headquar- Way; and their use of the word "religion" makes ters where it can be interpreted by intelligent it mean little more than "superstition." Minister men. Araki, moreover, explained in reply to a certain interpellation that the followers of all religions The Effect of the Law in Japan were obliged to give priority to the shrines, asserting that if generally practiced this I have no fear for adverse effect of the law on act will have the effect of reducing religious fricthe Church in Japan proper, but if the law is put tion in the country. into effect in Chosen and in "occupied" China, that, I fear, will be a different story. In such a setting Christianity can hope for little more than toleration and protection from unau- As far as Japan proper is concerned there are thorized persecution; this the new law appears to no dangers in the new law which do not inhere in provide. the general situation, which in itself is fraught with potential danger. The existence of the Christian religion in a land ruled by "the Sovereign who is a manifest God," is anomalous. J apa-

Opportunities in Japan Today*

By REV. J. HARPER BRADY, Kochishi Missionary of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S.

SOME folks think there are none. Others that around, on the gates and doors of every home, are they are few and getting fewer. But the real silent testimonies to additional burdens and fears missionary still finds that the days in Japan and sorrows, over and above what was there are days of twenty-four hours of opportunity- eighteen months ago. Soldiers leaving – the some of which find him and some of which he, wounded returning-lots of little wooden boxes- Spirit-led, must find. If greater needs mean life for so many with all its poverty and sickness greater opportunities, then there are greater op- and darkness seemed hard enough. Our hearts portunities today than ever before. are bleeding for the millions across that narrow strip of water! They also bleed for those around There is a greater need for light, for there are us in their sorrow and we would do what we can more people in Japan now than when the mission- to heal the broken-hearted. Into such homes and aries first went there with the Light. Only about hearts there is a welcome, far more often than not, one-half of one per cent have received the true for the missionary who comes with a heart of love. Light and are connected with any church, Catholic or Protestant. And this tends to get less as Difficulties are many and great in Japan for the the gain in population far exceeds the proportion- one who comes from a foreign land and seeks to ate gain in church membership. And the Prot- bring men to the one and only Saviour. When estant half of this number is divided into all the Japan and America are not on the best of terms isms of the United States and a few special ones our work as missionaries is made harder. These for good measure. If ever the unreached multi- things change from day to day and are not the tudes presented a challenge and opportunity for real difficulties. Sin and indifference are our missionary service, then that challenge and that strong and abiding adversaries. Sometimes these opportunity are greater today because the multi- are on the outside – and now and then we find tude of shepherdless folk is greater. The Church them on the inside and give them nicer names. in Japan, for which we daily thank God, is still It has never been a "convenient season" for men too weak in numbers, resources and vision for this to humble themselves, forsake sin, deny self, and mighty task. A great nation in need, desperate enthrone the Lord. need, of Christ! Our resources are more and greater than the Then there is the opportunity presented by a difficulties. The first year of this conflict was greater need for guidance. For this is a virile in many ways the best year of the twenty-one we nation, going places and doing things. If they have been there. But we found it more necessary do not go to the right places and do not do the than ever to live daily "looking unto Jesus" and right things, they suffer, maybe millions of other to yield to Him, but not to fear and discouraged folks suffer, we all suffer, and much that we cher- fellow workers. Divine boldness, shot through ish and hold dear is endangered. If a nation is with love, has never been rebuffed but always welweak and asleep and staying at home (as such a comed. Our resources in Christ, as more and nation would), there is no particular need for more we have discovered them and made them guidance. But such is not Japan. How terribly our own, have proven more and greater than our real and urgent is her need for the controlling, difficul ties. guiding hand of God! Never for a moment neglecting the multitudes, yet this ought we not to More men are needed. There are fewer mishave left undone; winning for Christ those sionaries than there were some years ago, owing who mould the opinions of the mind and deter- to retirements, sickness, the "de- and re-pression." mine the paths in which these multitudes must "We need reinforcements to work with these walk for good or ill. A little has been done-more Christians in the God-given, God-planned task of must be and can be done. reconciling men in Japan to Himself through the lives of other men who are vitally in touch with A greater need for comfort exists everywhere, Him. The greatest challenge of the hour is that for in whatever city or town one may live, all the doors are open for evangelistic work in this country. The forces that are with us are greater * Reprinted from The (Jh,ristian Observer. than all the adversaries."

[ 393 ]

Churches in the Dust

By REV. MARK A. DAWBER, D.D., New York Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council I HAVE been requested to make a statement as missions; they gave to home and foreign missions. to what is now taking place in the drought Then the war ended, the price of wheat finally and dust area and what is happening to the went down below the cost of production, and there Church. This I gladly do, but with the definite followed four years of steady drought. The peo- understanding that what is said may not apply to ple continued during drought to maintain their every situation but represents in a general degree giving.

the developments and attitudes. The churches held on, hoping against hope that In the first place it is necessary to distinguish something would happen. The people kept say- between the drought area in general and the "dust ing, "Well, perhaps next year it will rain." "But bowl" in particular. The drought area includes the heavens were as brass." The preachers shared all the territory where, because of the absence of the lot of the people and, in many cases, because sufficient snow and rain, there have been no crops, they did not complain, suffered out of all propor- and where, because of the continued cultivation tion. Some were able to hold out by getting part- of the soil without a sequence of cover crops to time employment during the week. Splendid col- hold the top soil and because of a high wind ve- lege and seminary men with whom I was person- locity, the top soil is blown away. This region in- ally acquainted were getting oilly $250.00 a year. cludes the Pan Handle of Oklahoma, part of Texas, In some sections a great consolidation of churches western Kansas, and the Dakotas. Here is a stretch took place. One county I visited, that during the of country between the Gulf and Canada that heyday of prosperity maintained ten ministers, seems to be the victim of these recurrent dry years had but one to care for the remaining people. I nev- and also exposed to these high winds. The "dust er saw more vital religion anywhere than I wit- bowl" is a part of this same problem and area; it nessed among some of the ministers in the drought includes the region immediately around eastern area. Here is one-they called him "Rusty." The Colorado and western Kansas. Over this section an name does not do him justice because there was atmospheric condition obtains that attracts the nothing "rusty" about him. No grass grew under dust as it flies from the drought area and is sucked his feet. This was not due to the drought, but be- down in what is called the "dust bowl." In the "dust cause "Rusty" kept his parish so well traveled, bowl" area the soil has not been dried out as in the ei,ther by car or on foot, that he made a pathway drought area, but the constant accumulation of the wherever he was. He had a great philosophy of dust has buried the good soil and the crops so that life. Speaking of his people who were facing a the result is much the same as the drought. fifth year of drought, he said, "You know, it's no Prosperity and Adversity use getting discouraged. That won't get a fellow anywhere, but lead to more discouragement, and This whole country was highly developed during if I allow myself to get discouraged I will have no the days of the World War. The world was cry- message for my people and nothing to help them ing for wheat, wheat, everywhere wheat! Some with when I visit them."

of the best wheat in the country was raised here, To the problem of drought and dust must be and this land also produced the largest number of added the scourge of sickness. The Red Cross bushels to the acre. Wheat was bringing two dol- and health authorities were pressed to the limit lars a bushel. During this period the country to make possible medical aid to the thousands who prospered. The people paid. for their land, built were sufferers from the drought and who lived homes and settled down to the business of agri- where the swirling dust-laden wind brought sick- culture and to face their responsibilities as citi- ness and death in its yellowish clouds. A peculiar zens. They built schools and churches. These kind of dust pneumonia was induced and intensipeople came to settle and not to move. They are fied in the dust and drought area.

a home-loving, church-going folk. They sub- The Government was faced also with a special scribed generously to the Church and its causes. relief problem. In Boca County, Colorado, as These churches were not dependent upon home many as eighty per cent of the people were on the [394 ] relief rolls at one time. The same was true of a The small towns and villages that are in the large number of other counties in other states. drought area are also adjusting themselves in The farms and homes that represented the sav- accordance with the agricultural changes. Fewer ings and hard work of a lifetime were made val- churches will be required. ueless. In debt and with no basis for taxation or collections, such counties and communities con- Migration and Coming Home fronted a problem which one can readily imagine. The map of the drought country is dotted with Examples of Heroism "ghost towns," evacuated under the pressure of these changing economic forces. Relocation of The following items are taken from correspond- population is a necessity. We cannot arrest an ence that I have conducted relative to this sit- economic process that is rooted in nature and uation. One district superintendent writes: mother earth to suit either misguided people who desired to farm, or anxious speculators, or unfor- "Those six years of drought were eventful ones for me. tunate investors. Communities have grown, pros- They taught me many things, but best of all they revealed pered and been blighted before this, and will conthe high Christian spirit of the people." tinue to pass through these cycles in spite of the advice and warning of Government and society. Other statements are: The lesson to be learned, however, is that intelli- gent citizens will realize that only by correcting "The churches discovered that they could stand more the economic abuses and readjusting the dislocabuffeting than they thought they could stand. They had tions which have come because of our failure to gone through a period of prosperity; then followed a pe- provide scientific settlement of people and a techriod of unexpected disaster. This was a real test of Chris- nique of land use such as the Farm Security Adtian faith." ministration is seeking to establish, is there any real hope for a permanent agriculture. The "A number of churches closed, but with the understand- Church will do well to cooperate in such a proing that they would open again; if the rain came, the gram of common-sense community development. people would come back." A goodly number of the former residents of the "In this section some adjustments were made, but no drought area are now "migrants" in California. people were left without the benefit of a minister." There they are called "Dust Bowlers." Ever since the droughts of 1934 and 1936 they have "The churches made no attempt to evade any outside been streaming westward from the Great Plains. responsibility, such as the great missionary program. A count at the California border records the entry They were an inspiration to others in the liberality of their into that state by automobile alone of 221,000 giving." refugees between the middle of 1935 and the end of 1937. More than four-fifths of them came from "Another thing that was revealed in the drought disas- the drought states. "Burned out, blowed out, eat ter was that the best of the young men and women in the out"-what is to be done with them? ministry did not hesitate to go right into the midst of it." They are having a desperate time as migrants "In many instances help came from the outside, for following the crops. Now the rains have come which we were profoundly thankful, but the most inspir- again to the Great Plains, and many of them are ing thing was the willingness of the people to help each turning their faces wistfully toward the East. other. The self-respect and the mind to cope with diffi- They still own a "place" in Kansas, Colorado, or culty have meant something to these people." the Dakotas. Others lost the equity in their farms and became tenants, but the only neighborhood One could continue to cite the many and various and community experience they had was back testimonies of experience. But we are concerned in the drought country. They were members of as to what is now taking place, what is the outlook the church. No wonder they long to get back. for the immediate future, and what kind of program is being devised for the coming years. Many of those who were "dried" or "dusted" out have returned, some for sentimental reasons, First, let it be said that many of the communi- others because they discovered that they were no ties in the drought area will never be rehabilitated better off elsewhere. Those who have been exon the old basis of agriculture. The soil is de- posed for the first time to a migrant life have stroyed-"gone with the wind." The Department reaped a bitter harvest of experience, and are sayof Agriculture is making a desperate effort to ing "Never again." establish the native buffalo grass, but it is a most difficult task. If this can be done, a limited num- I visited in a small farm shack in the dust reber of farmers can be maintained in cattle-raising, gion of eastern Colorado a year ago. It was in a such as prevailed before the land was ploughed up section where nearly everybody had left. This for wheat. In other sections where not all the good land was destroyed, it would be possible to reestablish a smaller number of farmers if there could be some greater diversification of crops, and more of the land were left in grass. This is already taking place and the church life is already being adjusted to the more restricted population.

farmer had been away two years but had returned. of four hundred people with four churches and There had been recent rains that had given en- two others in the sparsely populated territory couragement, but that was not the main reason for around. This town, like many others, was started this man's return. The dust was still piled high during the World War, with the promise of prosaround the house and the yard and fences. Farm perity in two-dollar wheat. The settlers were of machinery left behind was still buried in the dust. the cultured type and remain, hoping against hope We sat in the kitchen and talked, and I finally for better days. They have nothing to sell and no plunged into the question of the reason for his place to go. One church would be ample for this return. I had already noted the absence of his town and the surrounding community. Such wife, and that his two daughters were evidently adjustments could be made in many of the areas keeping house. Looking through the open door, that have been devastated by drought, dust, and he pointed to a little graveyard that the dust had grasshoppers, and the responsible denominational also made well-nigh invisible. He proceeded to leaders owe it to such communities to lead out in tell me the story. "Well-nigh twenty years ago a program of economy, of comity and cooperation. I came to this place with my bride; it is the only real home I have ever had. Together we worked One of the outstanding editors of a series of hard and made money and paid for this place. Kansas weekly papers, which circulate in the Poor and desolate as it seems now, it is my own. drought country, makes some interesting observa- Once it was lovely in the green of crops and pas- tions as to conditions: ture. Over in yon graveyard lies my wife and two children. I cannot leave them. This is my Like all other institutions out here, the Church has sufhome." A lump came in my throat and made fered with the successive years of drought and disaster argument impossible. What was there to say to this section has known, and is bereft of income since the such a plea? whole economic program is built around farm production. There has been some retreat in faith, particularly in the Others are now returning because of the in- last two years; the feeling that seven years of drought creased snow and rainfall of the past year. Sec- and hardship would be succeeded by seven prosperous tions that have been barren and desolate in the years was clearly based on biblical precedent. When 1938 drought and dust for five years are now lovely in failed to bring a crop, certain wavering was evident and the green of the grass and the gold of the wheat the succeeding crop in 1939 likewise added its effect. Of crop. Moreover, we must remember that to most course, the departure of countless thousands of people of these people these places are home. They are from this region resulted in the loss of some of our finest all they possess and, given a year or two of reason- leaders. People are now working on Sunday who preable rainfall, the people can do better here than viously declined so to do. I noted last night some seventy anywhere else for they have no rent to pay. or eighty cars near the picture theatre as compared to four cars in front of the Baptist Church and six cars in Scourge of Grasshoppers front of the Nazarene Church. In this town, a town of some eight hundred people, we still maintain four churches There is another problem that should be con- and three full-time ministers. I have felt however that sidered with the drought and dust. The recurring the town would be better off with only two churches invisitation of grasshoppers is equally as distressing stead of the nine or ten we have tried to support in good to certain farm areas. In certain sections where days. The unification move in these small towns would the crops are reasonably free from drought and strengthen the churches, in my opinion, although denom- dust peril, they are in danger of the plague of inational differences will always prevent that desired end grasshoppers. In Montana there is still much to some extent. suffering because of the results of this plague of 1938. Rehabilitation The Farm Administration is carrying forward If some way could be devised whereby these a vigorous campaign to exterminate the grasshop- people would go into greater diversification of pers this year. An army of men is employed to crops and, in particular, get a goodly portion of mix the poison with sawdust and wheat bran and their land back again into buffalo grass for graz- distribute it. Airplanes are used to scatter the ing cattle, they could solve their problem. In poison over the infested areas. other drought areas where the farmers have con- tinued on this basis, they have survived with little The pastors are facing their tasks with a spirit loss. Sections of Kansas, Oklahoma, Colorado, of heroism, but it is a terrific battle to be con- and Wyoming that were in the drought region, stantly fighting this triple problem of drought, and where the farmers did not plough up the land dust, and grasshoppers. Whatever the future may to wheat duripg the World War but continued to develop in regard to these three factors, there cer- graze cattle on the native buffalo grass, have re- tainly could be many adjustments made to ease mained with little change during the dry years. the situation from the point of view of the Church in some of these communities. Here is one town As suggested previously, the Church will do well to join its forces with Uncle Sam in a more constructive approach to the settlement of people on the land, to avoid a repetition of the wastage of our rural heritage in riotous farming, to pre-

BY-PRODUCTS OF THE ARABIAN MISSION

vent this soil erosion that has its ultimate and The stewardship of the soil is a religious remore serious disaster in human erosion. Large sponsibility. But the other side of this problem sections of the inland United States will doubtless is that you cannot maintain good churches where go back to desert. It is estimated that in three of the soil has been depleted. In the meantime we the dust storms alone some three hundred million must give financial help and encouragement to the tons of fertile soil has been blown away from the Church in the drought area, in order that it may Mississippi Valley, a quantity equal to 150,000 help the people as they return to get a new start. acres of good land. We must help them to carryon the work.

By,Products of the Arabian Mission By the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D. II ~.- One of the Pioneers of the Arabian Mission I~==============================~ "I WENT into Arabia . . . ," wrote the Apostle the Moslem situation. Their influence has gone Paul to the Galatians. But no one knows out to every mission Board having work among why he went to Arabia, nor where he went, Moslems. The Cairo Conference was proposed by nor what he did there. There were no direct re- James Cantine at an Indian missionary gathering, sults from this journey as far as we know. The to which he was a delegate from the Persian Gulf.

indirect results were a new man in Christ; a new It resulted in a deeper interest in Moslems in all missionary program; a revolution in missionary missionary circles. Three volumes of its report thinking, and thirteen Epistles that have shaken were printed and its resolutions were translated the Church and the world, after Paul's three years into German, Danish and Dutch. The general of meditation. conference held at Lucknow in 1911 was the pre- The Standard Oil Company and the Dupont cursor of the Cairo Study Center; a series of text- Manui,acturing Company both tell the world that books on Islam was issued and the Missionaries to their by-products are far more important and re- Moslems League for all India was formed. From munerating than their original products. As we this conference also dated the Moslem World quar- look back fifty years, we rejoice at what the terly, published first in London, 1911-1918, and Arabian Mission has done in and for Arabia. The since then in New York City. It was at Lucknow direct results are by no means negligible, but the that plans were made for a Christian literature by-products of the Mission are an even more re- committee for the world of Islam.

markable testimony to God's guidance and good- The Arabian missionaries served the Student ness and overruling Providence. Volunteer Movement in America for a number of First of all, we thank God that the Arabian years. Zwemer, Harrison and Storm visited hun- Mission of the Reformed Church in America be- dreds of universities, colleges and seminaries and came the mother of four other Christian missions. secured scores of misionaries for Moslem lands.

The Danish Church Mission at Aden was the re- This movement also published mission-study text- sult oi an appeal for Hadramaut, written by one books on Islam and on unoccupied fields, which of our missionaries in 1894; the Christian and had a circulation of over twenty thousand, with Missionary Alliance work in Palestine and Iran remarkable results in awakening the students of owe their initiative to influences from Arabia; that generation to the challenge of Islam and the the United Mission in Iraq was founded by Dr. unfinished task of evangelism.

James Cantine and Dr. William I. Chamberlain; The literary output of the Arabian Mission in- Miss Grace Strang was formerly a member of the cludes not only the books mentioned, but also the Arabian Mission and later started the Friends of twenty-eight volumes of The Moslem World, the Arabia Mission at Hillah. six volumes of Cairo and Lucknow Reports, and The Arabian Mission organized and followed up smaller textbooks on "Islam," "Moslem Woman- the first and second missionary conferences on hood" and "Moslem Childhood."· We must add the Mohammedan world, at Cairo in 1906 and at also thirty Arabic tracts and ten books for Mos- Lucknow in 1911. These were the first councils lems, printed by the Nile Mission Press, and trans- ever held by missionaries to survey and to face lated into other languages; two Arabic grammars

by Dr. John Van Ess; Dr. Paul W. Harrison's its organization; the Fellowship of Faith for Mos- "With the Arab at Home"; and twenty books in lems is a prayer league with headquarters in Lon- English on Arabia, Islam or missions by Zwemer, don, which enlists world-wide intercession for of which some have been translated into Chinese, Moslems wherever found; the Friends of Mos- Swedish, Danish, German, French, Dutch, Urdu lems in China, of which the Reverend C. L. Pickand Persian. And last, but not least, Dr. W. ens of Hankow is secretary, is a union of workers, Harold Storm's survey of all Arabia for the World native and foreign, for prayer and effort; the Dominion Movement. Brotherhood of Andrew (Lahore), is an associa- tion of Moslem converts for mutual help, social The medical missionaries to Arabia have made and economic, and to publish tracts, extend a helpan important contribution to medicine and sur- ing hand to converts and restore backsliders. gery in papers sent to medical journals. In the investigation of leprosy, Dr. Storm's report and The Arabian Mission has given two of its misthe work of Dr. Moerdyk are well known. Also sionaries to occupy Chairs of Missions and Isthe special surgical technique of Dr. Harrison lamics, one at Princeton Theological Seminary and Dr. Mylrea and their work in oriental dis- and one at the Hartford School of Missions. eases. The steady, patient, persistent work of the mis- The following organizations, all of which deal sionaries, men and women, in eastern Arabia has with Moslem evangelization, owe their origin di- changed the whole attitude of the government offirectly to the Arabian Mission: The American cials, British and Arab, from indifference or hos- Christian Literature Society for Moslems, incor- tility to warm friendship. It has changed the porated in New York and with field committees spiritual climate of East Arabia. What this in every land where there are missions to Mos- means is clear from the following article in which lems, from China to Egypt, has contributed over Sir Arnold Wilson gives a well deserved tribute to fifty thousand dollars for books and tracts since the work in Arabia.

A Diplomat on Missions in Arabia* -<Ell By SIR ARNOLD WILSON. M. P. III!>– .n.A MERICAN Christian missionary activities in 1891. After a preliminary study of the vast re- Asia are as widespread as those of Britain; gion, they established themselves in Basrah they labor under the same handicaps, suf- (1892), in Bahrein (1893), and in Muscat (1894), fer the same kind of criticism and, among those to and in 1895 in Amarah. That they should have whom they minister, enjoy the same reputation for encountered opposition is not surprising: that altruism. Having had some opportunity, over a they should have accomplished little in the first period of nearly twenty years, of observing at few decades was likewise to be expected. Progress close quarters the work of the Arabian Mission in other than mechanical inventions is to be reckof the Reformed Church in America, I feel moved oned in terms, not of calendar years, but of generto record something of its history, growth and ations. achievement. In 1895 Dr. Worrall went to Basrah as a perma- The first American pioneer in Arabia was James nent medical worker: with him was his wife, also Cantine. Islam was then as intolerant of Chris- a physician. Here they printed the first Arabic tianity as at any time; the Arabs, in whose hands missionary leaflets. In 1902 medical work began lay its principal shrines, stood aloof, isolated and at Bahrein in a permanent building, The Mason suspicious, because they saw Islam everywhere at Memorial Hospital, adjoining existing boys' and issue with Christian powers, and almost every- girls' schools. Death took a heavy toll during where losing ground. these years, but men and women to replace those who had fallen were not lacking, and by 1906, Cantine went first to Beirut to study the lan- when I first went to the Persian Gulf, the Ameriguage. In 1890 he went with Samuel Zwemer to can Mission was already well established. Aden, and there met an English missionary, the aged Bishop Valpy French, who died in Muscat in Lieut.-Colonel Cox (later Sir Percy), British Consul-General in South Persia and Political Resi- • Condensed from The Nineteenth Century and Ajte,r.

A DIPLOMAT ON MISSIONS IN ARABIA

dent in charge of the Arabian coast, knew both and unscholarly speed. It required a supple- James Cantine and Samuel M. Zwemer personally. A good Arabie scholar, he recognized their mentary local vocabulary; that, too, was fortherudition; a man of high principles, he a~mired the tenacity with which they preserved theIr own coming, and it was followed by an advanced Araideals. His subordinates at Muscat and Bahrein and at Kuwait, and his colleagues at Basrah, were bic grammar which is still the standard text-book encouraged to help American missionary activities when they could properly do so, and the Arab in Iraq. chiefs were not encouraged to complain of the subversive activities of men who then, as in Ephe- After the War the Lansing Memorial Hospital sus nearly 1900 years before, seemed bent upon disturbing popular beliefs. was transferred to Amarah, * as the Maude Mem- In 1909 medical work was started in Matrah, orial Hospital (recently erected) met the needs not far from Muscat. In 1916 the great influenza epidemic smote Arabia and Persia. Ibn Saud, of of Basrah but the mission school remained at Arabian monarchs the most enlightened, sent for an American doctor from Bahrein; the call was Basrah an'd prospered. The parents of a child, answered and proved to be the first of many. The inauguration of an air service from Basrah to whether Moslem or Christian, who have passed India via Bahrein made further visits possible to the Pirate Coast, as the long coastline of Muscat through a mission school have no reason to regret and Hasa was long appropriately called. The discovery of petroleum in Bahrein and of artesian their choice, and the Government has learned that water, has brought to the American Mission fresh opportunities and fresh responsibilities. such boys can be trusted when they grow to be In 1910 medical work was started in Kuwait, men. *** thanks to the good offices of Sheikh Mubarak with the Sheikh Khazal of Mohammerah and the Naqib Such, very briefly, is the history of a mission of Basrah, whose son, despaired of in Bombay hospitals, was cured of a tumor on the .neck by which for fifty years has sought to make good Dr. Bennett. They had a long tussle wIth local prejudice, for Kuwait had maintained its inde- Moslems better citizens in the hope that some pendence of Turkey mainly by keeping all foreign- among them and they the best, will make the ers at a distance. A school followed in 1913 and later a permanent hospital. sacrifice, to them second only to that of life itself, When the Great War broke out Ibn Saud was and profess Christ. Its work is not to be measnearby with his army, and sought medical aid from Dr. C. S. G. Mylrea, who is still stationed at ured in terms of converts made, in bodies cured, Kuwait where he occupies a unique position. In the following year Mubarak died, regretted by or children taught, still less in gallant lives spent, every European who knew him, and most of all by a younger man whom he had befriended in and sometimes prematurely ended, in regions adversity, Ibn Saud, today King of Saudi Arabia. War came to the gates of Kuwait and the hospital which to outsiders seem, in Lord Curzon's words was full of wounded; its value and the absolutely disinterested service of the staff was recognized. when he toured the Persian Gulf in 1902, "so in- The young Ahmad, who succeeded to the Sheikhship of Kuwait, was encouraged to learn what he trinsically abominable and vile." There is room could from Dr. and Mrs. Edwin E. Calverley, of the American Mission. in the world, and there is need, both for the priest When the British expeditionary force entered and the missionary, for the acolyte at the altar Basrah in November 1914, they found the American Lansing Memorial Hospital full of Turkish and the surgeon at the mission hospital, for the wounded; Dr. John Van Ess and his wife were in charge of the mission; their wide knowledge preacher in the market-place, and for "the school of local affairs was greatly in request. The army wanted an elementary grammar of Iraqic Arabic; marm" in the classroom. Fifty years of Christian Dr. Van Ess produced one with scholarly precision witness in Arabia, in the Persian Gulf and Persia has profoundly modified the ethical outlook of Moslems.

Exponents of Islam today tend to emphasize its points of approach to Christianity, rather than the differences. Their legislation tends to approx- imate Western patterns in many ways. A coun- try once exposed to Western ideas, can never be the' same as before. The new foundations must embody Western as well as Eastern material if what is built thereon is to endure. Christian mis- sions in general, and the American Mission in Arabia in particular, are doing much, but not a tithe of what should be done, to ensure that Arabs, to whom it falls to choose Western material with which to build, shall be enabled to distinguish between good and bad and between true and false.

On their ability to do so depends their future. As in China and in Persia, in India and elsewhere, Anglo-American cooperation in the missionary field is today cordial and complete. The contri- bution that America is making to the welfare of the world in this sphere is unheralded and little regarded by statesmen or merchants, but I believe it will endure when much else has perished.

• It is now engaged, with considerable success, in the treatment of leprosy.

Fasl–Begh-Address

By "SHAHEEDA"

An E1Jangelical Russian Missionary "A ND so you are about to return to your wan- arkand and the half-wild Emirate of Bokhara, to l".. derings with the Word of God through the frontier of Afghanistan, where the river Turkestan? Well, God speed you! and, by the way, do try to find my friend Fasl-Begh!" Amou-Darya rolled its muddy waters through the "Your friend Fasl-Begh? Who is he and where sandy deserts of Karakum into the Aral Sea. does he live?" I asked from the old gentleman to whom I was bidding farewell. He was of some- All this wide stretch of land was solidly Moslem, what foreign appearance, as he sat there with his red fez on his head-a turkish mullah from with only a sprinkling of Europeans, mostly Rus- Erzeroum in times past, but for many years a zealous Christian missionary to Moslems in one sians. And in this vast "haystack" I had been of the Balkan States. asked to find Fasl-Begh Ssurkh-Khan, a man "That is what I am asking you to find out," said he. "Some 15 years ago he was my helper wholly unknown to me. at Kashgar, where we translated the New Testament into Kashgary. A fine man, of noble birth Two or three months passed in traveling with and noble mind, and not far from the Kingdom of God. . . . If you will make my request a sub- the Word of God through the country by rail, then ject for prayer, the Lord Himself will guide you to where my friend may be found. And you can by steamer or overland on the native high twogive him news about the work which has been committed to me, and my warm brotherly wishes wheeled aroba. I was in touch with hundreds of and blessing!" Ousbeks, Kirghis, Turkmen, Tadjik and Afghans, I smiled, as I shook his hand: "This is like looking for a needle in a haystack-but it appeals yet not once had I been prompted to ask anyone to me as a matter of faith, to look for 'someone, somewhere,' on a stretch of land of 3 to 4,000 "whether he was Fasl-Begh or ever had heard kilometres wide and inhabiteu by about eight millions of people! But I will trust God, who has about him." But I had not forgotten old Mr. promised to 'guide us with His eye.' He certainly knows where our friend Fasl-Begh is. even Awetaranian's request: I had prayerfully comif he be at the end of the earth !" mitted his friend's name to my memory, whence So I set out for Turkestan, for another summer's work as a wandering colporteur with the it had slipped into my subconsciousness, and I Scriptures. I had been called by the Lord four years ago, from a prosperous work in the slums of was sure that in God's own good time it would Moscow, to a "knight-errant's" life in Russian Central Asia. Being neither upheld nor fettered reappear. . by any missionary society, I had set out under the Master's guidance, to make known the name Meanwhile I had been working with all the of the Lord Jesus Christ in this almost wholly Moslem land. love, energy, initiative and "hallowed pluck,"

In my j ourneyings I crossed the several thou- which were at my disposal, amidst most varied sands of miles from Ferghana on the western frontier of China to the Caspian Sea-traveling, circumstances and among "all sorts and conditions by rail, or in the cars used by the Mohammedan population, or I journeyed from the north, the of men"; making known the precious name of my border of Kirghisistan, down south through Sam- Lord-His exalted state, His love unto death- by word of mouth, or by tracts in anyone of twenty-two different languages.

Many heard of Him, some questioned me about Him, from curiosity or because of enmity against His Godhead and His Cross. A few had pondered the message which promised life and light, for- giveness and peace to their earnest but darkened souls.

Late autumn had set in and the time had come to settle in one of the large cities of Turkestan where I could give myself to language-study. I felt the burden of the summer's work; the strain of the many talks and pleadings, battling against the iron wall of Islam; the pain at the rebuff and scorn against the Son of God; the exertion of attempting to read, speak and think in so many different languages; the most needed ones, as Ousbek and Pharsi, were not yet sufficiently mas- tered by me. The body also felt the hardships of traveling in the primitive native way, of the ex- [400 ] cessive heat by day and the cold nights often spent earth and sky and living creatures seemed to join under the starry sky, with unsufficient food and in the song of praise which filled my heart. On lack of sleep. My whole being, spirit soul and the impression of that trip, I decided to go up to body, had been drained, poured out in the passion- Osh and see what the Lord might have prepared ate effort to "call many" and if possible to "save for me there. some." Yet, praise the Lord, with all this human strain and pain, there was joy in my heart for the It was a large, typically Ousbek village or small great privilege of having been sent out as "a voice town, with a Russian military garrison guarding in the wilderness" of a Moslem land and people! the mountain road up to Kashgar, built at the foot of the Mount Suleiman, in memory of a legendary While getting ready to settle at Samarkand for visit to Osh by King Solomon. The view from the winter, the thought suddenly struck me that there was vast and beautiful. To the right, one during this summer's journeyings I had passed by looked into Western China, to the left, in Eastern the small town of Osh, peopled by Ousbeks and sit- Bokhara, towered snowcapped mountain ranges; uated in the mountains, on the way to Kashgar swift, silver-green streams rushed down, through or Chinese Turkestan. I could not close my sum- sandy deserts, to the fertile plains near Andijan mer term, nor rest, till I had gone up to Osh once which nestled in the light-green vineyards and more. dark mulberry trees.

Going Up to Osh I put up at a small caravansary and wandered, with my load of Scriptures in Russian and in the The memory of my last trip up to the Kashgar native language, some days up and down the few road was yet dear to me. It had not been success- streets in the military compound, and through the ful in a purely spiritual sense; but it had been labyrinth of lanes and bazaars in the "old" or large quite a "pioneer's" feat. The large Ousbek vil- Ousbek village. But neither in the shops nor in lage which I went out to visit lay still higher up the tea-houses, did I find interest in my message than Osh at its 5000 feet, and never before had or in my books. This seemed a closed place to me! any messenger of the Cross been there. I remem- This was strange, especially because of the strong bered the slow drive up with the aroba, the road inward urge which had made me return on my having been hewn out into mountains of pink and steps and mount up here! I wondered what had white alabaster. I recalled my arrival at eve- been the purpose of my Master in leading me so ning, before a great fair which would attract hun- definitely to this out-of-the way Osh? dreds of mountain people, all of them Moslems. I passed the night sleepless, in my high two- Evening was falling; shops were being closed wheeled car, in the big courtyard of the caravan- and the men went to the tea-houses or to their sary-rats jumping over me and dogs sniffing at homes. I was about to return to my lodgings, me. I meditated about the responsibility of bring- having just finished talking to an inquisitive old ing the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the Moslems. Bokharian Jew, when my eyes fell on a man who, Even if not one would allow me to explain the evidently, had been listening to our conversation message to him I knew from experience that many on religious questions. I was struck with his apwould buy the prettily bound and cheap Scrip- pearance. Dressed like an Ousbek, with the Kaftan ture portions in Ousbek, Kirghis and Persian, and Moslem headgear, yet he had not the face and would take them into far-away mountain- of the Turk but of the Aryan race! It was a villages where they would be read. The seed thin long, greybearded face with a most un-monwould thus fall on hearts-stony one or thorny or golian eagle's nose and clever dark grey eyes. -God alone knew!-maybe on a good ground. There was an inward light shining in them, a question-as he looked at me-and we continued I had noticed on my arrival that the next day's for some moments to look spellbound at each round through the fair would be difficult. The other. people seemed rougher than those of the plain, many of them might never before have seen a Then from my subconsciousness a nearly for- European woman, an unveiled one! They looked gotten name rose up; by a sudden inspiration I threateningly and in an unfriendly way at the said slowly and tentatively: "Are you Faslunwelcome guest. What would they say to her Begh?" With a still brighter light in his eyes he message? answered: "Yes, I am Fasl-Begh!"

But with all that, I had deep joy and peace in Joy flooded my soul! In a moment we had my heart. Around me was the moonlit silent gripped each other's hands and immediately a night, the rustling of wind in the high poplar bond of future friendship, yea fellowship, linked trees, the sweet voices of many a nightingale and us one to another. At last I said to Him: "I the twitter of half-asleep birds, the fragrant have been asked by Mr. Awetaranian to find you smell of the resting earth! I felt the presence of 'somewhere' in Central Asia and to give you his Him whom I loved and served, and all around the message of brotherly love. And lo! our Lord,

who knew all these years since you separated ber of years, in order to let them be educated. "Do you wish them to have a Christian educawhere you could be found, hath guided me up here tion?" I asked. to the very farthest spot of Turkestan!" "Yes, I mean it just that way!" was his answer. The little girl still needed a mother's care but Fasl-Begh was delighted to hear once more we agreed that I would make arrangements for from his former friend and co-worker with whom the boy with my missionary friends at Cairo and Beirut, and would come for him, the Lord willing, he had lost contact for many a year. I promised the next spring. I bade my new friends farewell and left for Bokhara. This happened in Septemto come to his house the next day, and so we ber 1913.

separated for the night. Subsequent Events Only those of God's children who have experi- The winter passed quickly for me-partly in medical missionary work at Jiddah among the pilenced His leadings into ways which seem sheer grims passing through this port on their way to Mecca-partly in language-study at Samarkand. "foolishness" to the world-those who have been In May 1914 I was again at Osh, heartily wel- comed by Fasl-Begh and his family. willing, as Abraham was, to leave all and go out I found the man more firm in his stand for "not knowing whither" and why they are led- Christ, more outspoken before his neighbors; we could thank God for scorn and shame borne by only these understand the joy which filled my him for Christ's sake. It was agreed that the grandfather who meant to make this year the pilheart to overflowing. They will feel the tender grimage to Mecca, should take the boy with him and deliver him to me at Jiddah, where I hoped to gratefulness for having been privileged once be again at work during the Hajj. .

more, to "find Him fully true" and trustworthy! When we separated, we could not foresee the destructive warfare that would sweep over the The next morning I went to Fasl-Begh's com- world a few months later, breaking up and shat- tering like a typhoon, kingdoms, nations and indipound and at once felt at home with his children viduals! The Great War was on. The whole of Europe, and especially the Mediterranean states, and his wife, whom he presented as "the best of were .in a turmoil. People who were traveling, had eIther come to a dead-stop, cowering in anxiwomen"-an expression quite unusual with a Mo- ety wherever the thunderbolt of war struck them, or were rushing in a wild panic to return to their hammedan. I shared the family meal and we respective countries.

then went to Fasl-Begh's private den, full of The pilgrimage to Mecca had been forbidden by nearly every government; consequently neibooks-evidently the abode of a student. ther Fasl-Begh's father nor his son were able to reach me at Jiddah, from which I had been ex- "Have you found and accepted the truth as it pelled by the Turkish Government.

is in Jesus, through your work of translation of My hope of going again to see my friends at Osh had also come to nought. My unusual jourthe Gospels into Kashgary?" I asked him. For neyings through Central Asia had always been undesirable to the Russian Government; but after answer he showed me his Bible in Persian, and I the War broke out their mild displeasure changed into frank suspicion towards me. In order not was deeply moved on finding its margins covered to involve my friends in my personal difficulties, I refrained from going to Osh. But seed had with annotations, proving unmistakably that been sown, faith had been strengthened, a bond of fellowship linked me with the solitary far-away here was a seeker and an earnest one, with a real seeker. It lay in the Lord's hands to perfect the work which He had begun in Fasl-Begh's heart. interest in the Word of God. Never again did I meet my friend face to face. Again I asked: "Friend Fasl-Begh, have you From the few letters which we exchanged, whilst I stayed in Samarkand, I gathered with joy, that accepted the Lord Jesus as your Saviour?" through material trials which the World War He looked at me with thoughtful eyes and said: "I do believe that Jesus Christ died on the cross. . . ." , "But did He die for you, personally?" He kept silence, but his manner, was not that of a Mo- hammedan to whom the cross of Christ was an offence. He was more a seeking "Nicodemus"

who asks in sincerity "How can these things be?

How may I make my own the truth which I be- lieve as a historical fact?" The Holy Spirit, who had revealed God's plan of love for mankind, could also enlighten this sincere lonely seeker in- to an experience of the truth.

We had a friendly talk as in the presence of Him who had been drawing this precious soul to Himself all these years. Fasl-Begh was a sensi- tive and retiring man; it would cost too much, as yet, to step out openly from the Beit-ul-Islam into the family of God in Jesus Christ! He was still bound by the traditions and customs of Islam and he was one of the foremost men of the village; like the "rich young ruler" he did not yet love Jesus enough to "leave all and follow Him."

I was gladdened by his request to take two of his children to Europe or to the Levant for a num-

"UNTIL WE FIND THEM" IN DUTCH NEW GUINEA

brought with it, and quite alone in his Moslem for they had become his open foes. When the surroundings, he was pressing on towards the Mennonite brethren next came to Osh, they did goal-Christ his Saviour. I committed Fasl- not find him. When the days of Russian lawless- Begh and his family to my Mennonite friends in ness had come and anyone could lift up his hand Kirghisistan, but above all into the hands of God. against everybody else with impunity, a mob of villagers approached his house, reviling and Six years later-in 1922-1 returned to Turke- threatening him, and clamoured for his Biblestan and at once made enquiries about Fasl-Begh. the cause of their fierce hatred! The answer was that during my absence my Mennonite brethren had visited all my Moslem No man had stood by him in his hour of friends, and had found Fasl-Begh spiritually alive danger; he was killed by the mob, and entered and, gratefully accepting instruction; they hoped, his Lord's presence, one of the firstfruits from on his witness to the Lord Jesus as his personal Turkestan Moslems. Saviour, to baptize him the next year. Thus my friend Basl-Begh, whom I had set He must have made a frank confession to his out to seek and to find, had been sought and neighbors of his acceptance of the Lord Jesus, found by the Lord Jesus, to be with Him forever.

"Until We Find Them" In Dutch New Guinea* By R. A. JAFFRAY, Makassar, Netherlands East Indies Missionary of the Christian and Missionary Alliance JESUS spake this parable-the three-in-one par- two ago, for the first time, have been sighted and able of The Lost Sheep, The Lost Coin, and photographed from the air. Until thus discovered The Lost Son. Fi:r~st, one in one hundred is they had lived alone, away from the coast, with no lost, then one in ten, and then one of two is lost. road or even footpath leading from the coast to The shepherd goes after the one lost sheep, till their jungle home. Until a year or so ago they He finds it. The woman lights a candle, sweeps had not known that any others share this world the house, and seeks diligently, till she finds it. with them; they had not known that any other The father waits patiently and lovingly until the peoples lived under the sun save themselves. son returns from his sin and wanderings in a far country, until the lost son is found, the dead is 'I'hanks to men seeking oil and gold in New alive again. Guinea, these people have been located. The Dutch Government at once set to the task of making So must we go out after the last tribe of man- trails from the coast towns nearest to them, to the kind, wherever they be, however far away from place where they live on the mountain slope, in Christ and His Gospel. It is not enough to wait the jungles of the well-nigh impenetrable, virgin till they come to us, or cry to us to come to them. forest. Shall not the missionary at once go up We must deliberately, determinedly, go after them, these trails, and seek the lost until he find them? enduring the hardships of the jungle trail, till we find them. Dutch and American companies have united in gigantic effort of seeking oil in this. great island When the last tribe of mankind is at last told of New Guinea. At one place, a town called Babo, the story of God's redeeming love, the Father will over twenty million U. S. A. dollars have already rejoice, and they will then "begin to be merry" been expended, and only this year are they comin Heaven, and the merriment will never end. mencing to drill for the oil. The captain of the steamer on which the writer recently traveled Probably among the last peoples of earth to be from Makassar over to Dutch New Guinea said discovered, are those tribes in the interior of that no lesls than 120 new American scientists are Dutch New Guinea, whose villages, only a year or expected to arrive in Rabo and other places in Dutch New Guinea. this year in the search for oil, • Condensed from the Evangelical Christian, Toronto, Canada.

and he expected that on every trip from now on, positive message of the Gospel is to these people! his steamer would be filled with Americans bound Dutch missionaries on the northern coast, and for the oil fields of New Guinea. British missionaries in British New Guinea, have They mean business. Do we? They are after already seen tens of thousands, of these wild Papthe things that peris:h. Shall we go and seek for uans turn to Christ and be saved. So shall it be souls that never die, till we find them? They are with these who have so recently been discovered willing to pay the price in inconvenience and hard- on the southwestern coast of Dutch New Guinea. ship. Are we willing to suffer and bleed, if need be? Are we willing to pray, and to give, and to During the past few years in Borneo, we have go, in Christ's Name, until we find, perhaps, the seen the mighty Spirit of God at work among the last tribes of earth who are to hear the Gospel ere wild men, the Dyaks, of the Borneo jungle. Over He returns to this world to rule? ten thousand of them have definitely accepted the Lord Jesus as their Saviour, and as many more The Christian and Missionary Alliance has ap- seek to know the Lord Jesus and His gracious plied to the Dutch Colonial Government for per- power to save. What He has, done, and is still mission to open missionary work in three parts doing for the wild man of Borneo, He can, and of Dutch New Guinea, first, on an island off the will do for the still wilder man of the interior northern coast, called Misool (it has been called jungles of New Guinea. We have a deep conthe devil's island); ,second, in the northerly part sciousness that it is the Will of the Lord that the of Dutch New Guinea, called Vogel-kop (Bird's Dyak of Borneo, now saved, thoroughly taught Head), where a lake, known as Lake Amaroe, has in the Word of the Gospel, and filled with the been discovered; third, further down the south- Spirit of Christ, will be the best evangelist to take western coast, where three lakes have been dis- the Gospel to the still wilder man, the Papuan of covered from the air, called the Wissel Lakes, and New Guinea. where dwell tens of thousands of hitherto unknown peoples. Many Dyaks have gone over to New Guinea in connection with the oil and gold companies, and The whole southwestern coast of Dutch New among them, quite a number of Dyak Christians, Guinea is an unoccupied field for Protestant mis- including three or four of the elders of the church. sionary work. Up the many little rivers may be In connection with the Alliance Bible School at found Papuans to whom no one has gone with the Makassar, where more than three hundred stu- Gospel. They are not only head-hunters, but they dents are being trained for the Gospel ministry, are cannibals, living still in the Stone Age; and we have more than fifty Dyak students in preparayet the testimony of all who have had contact at tion for the work. Pray that the right men may all with these people of the interior is that they be called and sent forth in the name of the Lord. have found them friendly. These people eat the A prominent Dutch official expressed himself as flesh of enemies conquered in war, but God seems heartily in favor of the plan. It is significant that to have made them friendly toward the white man. both the local and the highest officials are heartily supporting the suggestion of this new work in the Dr. A. H. Colyn, the son of the Prime Minister interior of New Guinea. of Holland, headed an expedition to these newlydiscovered lakes by plane. Some of the Papuans These recently discovered cannibal tribes, the were so interested in these "men from heaven" Papuans of the interior of New Guinea, have sunk that they determined to follow them and thus to the level of the beast but they were originally learn the way to heaven! They said, "Thes,e men made in the image of their Creator and may yet came from heaven. We saw them come. This is be saved and restored to God's image. what we want to know-the way to heaven." With considerable difficulty six natives found their way Pray that we may reach these wild people of to Babo but they soon found that Babo was not New Guinea. Let us go with Him after the last heaven by any means. The Assistant Resident at lost sheep, "until He find it." Fak-fak felt that it was his duty to fly with these seekers back to their own jungle land! Seed Thoughts from the Moody Bible Institute Speakers The dress of the Papuan is very simple. They go practically naked, with the exception of a loin Fruit is never born by doing; fruit is always cloth and strings of beads. They wear heavy ear- born by dying.-Bishop William Culbertson. rings, a bone piercing the nose, etc., all of which are charms, supposed to ward off the evil in- Don't talk about the tragedy of the cross; fluences of demons. In fact, their whole religion that was God-planned. Talk about the tragedy is a negative one of fear, and is a matter of sacri- of sin that caused the cross.-Dr. H. W. Bieber. fice to demons, so as to avoid the harm which they have the power to inflict. What good tidings the Too many Christians are seeking an easy life. They w~nt the Gospel train to be streamlined and air-conditioned, and furnished with chairs.-Le- land Wang, China.

STUDENTS IN THE LUDHIANA WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN MEDICAL COLLEGE (1937-38

Training Indian Women Doctors By DAME EDITH BROWN, D.B.E., M.A., M.D., M.C.O.G., Ludhiana, Punjab, India A S A YOUNG woman doctor, I went out to The financial resources of this embryo college r-. India forty-seven years ago, and began consisted in a gift of fifty pounds, with a promise of a further fifty pounds per annum for the follow- medical missionary work. My single- ing three years. Had it not been that we were handed effort to alleviate the desperate sufferings confident that this was a call of God and that He of Indian women was seriously handicapped for would provide, it would have been madness to lack of skilled assistance, so that I took counsel launch out on such an enterprise with such meagre with other medical missionaries, and we came to resources. the conclusion that the solution of the problem was to take steps to found a medical school where In- The College started work in an old schoolhouse, dian Christian girls could be trained as doctors with four medical students and two student disand nurses. No effort seemed too great if we pensers. Today, after forty-four years of ceasecould build up a corps of efficient Indian Chris- less, consecutive grind we have three hundred stutian doctors for the Indian women. dents who are adequately housed in college build- ings covering fifteen acres. These premises have It was a pioneer venture but, urged by the cost fifty thousand pounds and we s,tarted with desperate need, the preliminary difficulties were only fifty pounds in hand. To us it is a miracle overcome and in 1894 the first Medical Training indeed. Now the College is affiliated with Punjab School for women in India was established. It University; this status enables our students to take was a glorious venture! The challenge was: the M.B. and B.S. degrees of that University- "India's millions of suffering and uncared-for degrees which are recognized in England. women." Our response was: "By the good hand of our God upon us it shall be done." In addition to a thorough medical education, the [405 ]

students have the inestimable benefit of a moral We have a useful pathological laboratory, with training, which cannot fail to impress them, and a well-equipped department for X-ray and radium to influence all their future life. Each day the treatment. We also have tuberculosis clinics. work hegins with prayer and careful and thorough The maternity· department is one of the busies1t, Bible teaching. By this means the students can and is the means of saving incalculable suffering explore the great Treasure House of the Word of to India's mothers and of saving the lives of hun- God, which is the Easterner's heritage as truly as dreds of India's children. it is the Westerner's. From this College and hospital three hundred In addiition to residential buildings tlere is a and sixty d.octors, and more than two hundred and hospital with two hundred and sixty beds, and an fifty nurses and dispensers, have been sent into outpatient department with average attendance all parts of India. Most of them have gone as daily of two hundred and seventy-five women and Christian missionaries to their own people. children. Some of the hospital wards are so arranged that it is possible f.or purdah women to More than nine hundred of our midwives of observe the rigorous restrictions imposed on them. various grades are now working in the Punjab. Our patients include Moslems, Sikhs, Persian, And even this is not all-for very many of them Afghan, and Nepalese women, to say nothing of begin to train nurses and midwives in the district the many "outcastes" who find here the welcome to which they are sent. Recently we visited one and care which is of the very spirit of Christ. who had prepared sixty village women for the Midwifery Examination. The Civil Surgeon, giv- SOME HOSPITAL BUILDINGS AT LUDHIANA ing a good report, said that there was now not one untrained dai working in her district. Twelve well qualified doctors are on our staff, each being in charge of her own department; two One .of our graduates, Dr. Rose Shadi Khan, more are needed for the additional work required received a special Red Cross medal and a purse to prepare the students for the higher degrees. of Rs. 300 in recognition of her devoted services at the time of the Quetta earthquake. She was The Surgical Department is always busy. To one of two Ludhiana graduates working there, have had an operation here is often considered an and for days we at the Women's Christian Medical honor to be coveted! One young woman had a College were anxious, as we could get no news of large tumor removed. When her friends came to their safety. At last we heard, to our relief, that see her, her sister was envious of all the interest both were alive, though one had been badly hurt. excited as she told them of the preparation, and Dr. Khan, uninjured, was doing all she could to of the Operating Theatre, and of the wonderful help and for. three days and nights she had no chloroform she had smelt, and of the attention time for food or sleep, as she cared for the she received from the doctors and nurses. When wounded and dying. One by one they were dug I asked to see the sister, I found, to her joy, out from the ruins. Many were purdah women that she, too, required an operati.on. After a few known to Dr. Khan, for she had worked for sevdays she was, lying happily in a bed next to her eral years in Quetta, and they clung to her in their sister. Then they sent for their elder sister, hop- terror and pain. She worked day and night for ing that she might share their privilege. When it several weeks, till at last, worn out, she was was found that she did not need surgical care, she ordered to take a rest. She passed through Ludwept tears of disappointment. Why were her hiana, looking thin and tired, but with triumph younger sisters to have all the attention and all in her eyes, and as soon as she was able she rethe fun (?) while she was left out? turned to her work again. At present she is in a lonely station on the Northwest Frontier, where she is loved and trusted by all. The influence of this Indian doctor extends beyond the boundaries of her native land, for she is often called over into Iran, where her skilled help is sought by lonely, sick, and distressed women.

One is sometimes asked: "Are the Indian girls really worth training as doctors; do you find them capable of bearing responsibility?" My reply, emphatically, is that they respond to training, and are wen able to take responsibility. We have proved it on our own staff, and the .opinion is con- firmed on all sides by those who employ our grad- uates. One medical missionary, writing recently about the work done by one of them, concluded her

TRAINING WOMEN DOCTORS

report by saying: "She is an excellent missionary, upon the dispensary door. It was night. Would and quite the best assistant surgeon I have met. anyone hear? Finally a motherly Indian Chris- At present she has charge of an outstation mission tian woman opened the door and took her in. As hospital of thirty beds. I regard her as a friend no one ever claimed her, the missionary sent her and do not see how we could carry on without to school. Later she came to Ludhiana to train her." as a nurse. At the end of her training a call came for a missionary nurse for Arabia, and Sundri Another graduate is senior surgeon in a large volunteered. It was a foreign land to her-dif- hospital, of which she takes charge when the mis- ferent language, different food, and twelve days' sionary is away on district work. Not only do the journey distant. Through the fine work she did so lovingly in the mission hospital she found her A VE'RANDAH WARD IN THE HOSPITAL way into the homes and hearts of these Arab women, rich and poor alike; and so skilfully did various missionary societies appreciate the value she handle many difficult obstetric cases, that her of Ludhiana graduates, but the Government also help often was sought in preference to that of her recognizes their worth. Seven have been awarded European colleague. the Kaiser-i-Hind medal for public services, and the honor of being the first Indian woman in the Then came the World War. The missionaries Madras Presidency to become medical superin- were not allowed to stay in their station, and tendent of a hospital with a European staff, falls Sundri was left alone. Single-handed she kept the to one of the graduates. hospital open for three years, dealing with such cases as she was fitted to manage. She remem- Nurse Sundri is an illustration of how wide- bered, too, that now she was the only one left to spread the influence of these girls may become. preach Good Tidings, and she gave herself the Forty years ago little six-year-old Sundri, child of more earnestly to Sunday services and dispensary high-caste Hindu parents, was about to be "mar- prayers, and to personal talks with her patients. ried to the gods." Her mother had become a widow before any marriage arrangement had been When peace was proclaimed, government pro- made for the child, and now the expense was too ceedings required the presence in England of cer- great. Who would care what befell a despised tain Arabian sheiks, who in turn desired that their widow and her daughter? The temple would re- wives accompany them. An interpreter would be ceive the child. She should be "married to the required, and who was hetter fitted than their gods," and live a life of immorality. Those who nurse-friend Sundri, who knew English so well? 'know anything of the nefarious practices such dedication demands, will realize how terrible was STUDENTS IN THE PATHOLOGICAL LABORATORY the future carved out for the poor child. Little girls have been known to commit suicide rather And to England Sundri went! Later she returned than live in such surroundings. again to Arabia, took up private work in a dis- pensary of her own, and adopted Rosa, a little Sundri was terrified. Then she remembered Arabian orphan girl. Rosa is now at Ludhiana. that once, when she had been ill, her mother had Recently Sundri, ill and dying, committed this taken her to a dispensary in a neighboring village little Arab girl to our care. She is now at school, where a medical missionary had lovingly cared for and our prayer is that later she will become a her and made her well again. doctor or nurse-a missionary to her own people in the far-off land of Arabia. Under cover of darkness the child ran away to this village, and hammered with her little fists

A study of the reports show that the graduates ical College have long realized the des.perate need from this Medical College are now ministering of the villages, and have given anxious thought as each year to about three million women and chil- to how that need may be met. Nine years ago, I dren. Such a record is proof positive that the stated that it was urgent that new centres be women of India themselves highly value the help opened in the towns and villages, north, east, given by their medically trained sisters. The south, and west of Ludhiana. We saw great posgratitude they express is often very touching. sibilities in such village centres, each to be equip- ped with a woman dootor, a nurse, a health visitor, A friend from England once told me that when and a teacher. Last year a special gift enabled us she was traveling in India, though she was unable to open one of these centres, and its value is so to understand her language, an Indian woman was great that I hope we will not be obliged to wait determined to make plain to her the love and grati- another nine long years before we are able to open tude which all the women of the district had to- others. wards the Ludhiana doctor at work there. Taking her three-months-old baby boy, this Indian woman Let me emphasize the urgency of the hour. laid him on the ground at the doctor's feet. Then, Great and rapid changes are occurring in India as bowing in an attitude of utter devotion, she work and power is passing into the hands of her clasped the doctor's right hand, while with an own people. What we are able to do today may be outstretched arm she made a sweeping gesture to impossible tomorrow. This is a strategic time. include all the women in the courtyard.. At Ludhiana we are trying to seize every oppor- tunity to prepare and equip Christian women and Indian Women's Work for Women girls so that they may be ready to meet the great responsibilities which await them in the near The medical care of India's women is of great future.

importance. That it should be done by their own Remember that India's welfare and uplift and evangelization are in a peculiar way our responpeople is the quickest way of accomplishing the sibility as Christian men and women. * task, as it is financially the most economical. It • Information and literature may be had from the General Secreis the right and natural way. The fact speaks for tary, Miss M. E'. Craske, Ludhiana Women's Christian Medical Col- lege, 39, Victoria Street, Westminster, London, S. W. 1, England, or itself that in one missionary's life-time the work from Miss L. Powel, 6938 Cresheim Road, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa.

has moved so quickly that now three million RULES OF OHRISTIAN LIVING women and children are being reached each year The following "Rules of Christian Living" are said to have been prepared for himself by the late by the medical skill of their own people. General Booth of the Salvation Army: At the Ludhiana Medical College, on a scholar- 1. Consider your body as the temple of the Holy Spirit and treat it with reverence and care. ship of thirty pounds ($150.00) per annum for 2. Keep your mind active. Stimulate it with five years, an Indian girl can take her medical thoughts of others that lead to doing something.

degree. Think of it! A medical missionary to 3. Take time to be holy, with daily Bible read- ing and prayer. her own people at the total expenditure of one 4. Support the church of your faith. Min~le hundred and fifty pounds ($750). Contrast this with others.

with the expense of training a foreign medical 5. Cultivate the presence of God. He wants to enter your life and will as far as you let Him. missionary, not to speak of the cost of outfit and 6. Take God into the details of your life. You passage. Surely, on the basis of economy alone naturally call upon Him in trouble and for the bigger things.. the plea, "Train India's own women as doctors," 7. Pray for this troubled, war-threatened world is a sound one. • and the leaders who hold the destinies of the var- ious nations. This is unquestionably the right and natural way, for however devoted the Western missionary 8. Have a thankful spirit for the blessings of may be, she still is a foreigner, and one whose God-country, home, friends, and numerous other speech and ways are strange. The gentle, edu- blessings. cated Indian friend speaks the language perfectly, understands local prejudices, and is familiar with 9. Work as if everything depended upon work, Indian customs and habits of life. She is a woman and pray as if everything depended upon prayer. of the country, and wins her way unhampered by the handicaps which face the missionary from 10. Think of death not as something to be another land. Quite naturally she will tell her dreaded, but as a great and new experience where patients the Wonderful Story-old to us but new loved ones are met and ambitions realized. to them. She will use familiar illustrations to press the point, and the listeners will hear how she has found in Jesus her Saviour and her Lord.

"Village Uplift" has recently become the slogan of social service in India. The word is heard on all sides, but we of the Women's Christian Med-

Present Situation in Portugal*

By WM. H. RAINEY .

-.•~ Superintendent of the British and Foreign Society for Western Europe THE political situation in Portugal is compli- interests of the former. This statement aroused cated and uncertain. The power, in practice the Portuguese hatred of Spain, due to the cruel- but not in theory, of this totalitarian State is ties of Philip II. Thus another element of uncerinvested in the Prime Minister, Dr. Oliviero Sala- tainty and even fear was introduced into the na- zar, who is also Minister of Finance and of War. tional life.

Unlike his colleagues in similar states, the Por- England is fully alive to the importance of the tuguese Prime Minister shrinks from publicity Anglo-Portuguese alliance, hence the naval and so that not many have even seen him. military missions and the creation in Lisbon of a Dr. Salazar is pro-German yet he is a member branch of the British Institute. The position of of the "company of Jesus" whose policy is the British and Foreign Bible Society in Portu- strongly anti-Nazi and, therefore, pro-democratic. gal is closely allied with British prestige. The Such a policy may seem strange in an order that freedom allowed to colporteurs is partly due to has always stood for absolutism in Church and the nationality of the Bible Society.

State but the anti-Catholic attitude of the Nazis The religious situation in Portugal has only has thrown the Jesuits into unaccusomed com- changed slightly in the last few years. The pany. Under the late Pope, Pius XII, the Jesuits Roman Catholic Church has continued to increase were all-powerful at the Vatican, and dictated the in power and may now be said to have regained papal foreign policy. Thus one can imagine Sala- the ground lost during the anti-clerical period zar torn between personal preference and reli- following the declaration of the Republic in 1910.

gious obligation. The Prime Minister's love for Such is its influence today that much of the gov- Germany is tempered with fear for the safety of ernment tax on salaries, destined to aid the un- the Colonies, for Portugal is still the third largest employed, is used to build and repair churches colonial powet". Without the alliance with Great and theological seminaries. The great army of Britain this rich almost undeveloped empire over- militia on the Fascist model, which includes prac- seas would long ago have fallen a victim to pred- tically all citizens from the ages of 10 to 60, is well atory powers. Fear of German aggression, even under the control of the Roman Catholic clergy.

in the form of a so-called peaceful penetration of Attendance at mass, although not legally obliga- Angola, swiftly brought wavering Portugal back tory, is pra·ctically so. Only the valiant few have into the English alliance. It is possible, even the courage to spoil their prospects by refusing to probable, that Portugal would try to remain neu- attend. There are also minor cases of persecution.

tral in the event of a European war. Although Two cases are indicative of the trend of things- many of the governing class are pro-Nazi, yet the recently a State employee, a lay-preacher of the business-men are pro-British and the working Portuguese Presbyterian Church, was threatened class in the towns are Communists. with dismissal if he did not stop preaching. A The situation is still further complicated by Baptist Church has been closed on the pretext that the Spanish question. The Nationalist rebellion Communists attended the services.

was organized in Portugal and has received Por- Bible Society colporteurs, however, have no tuguese support, in spite of so-called "observers" cause for complaint. Colporteur Gil reports that on the frontier. Spanish Government refugees, during the 25 years he has served the Society he seeking asylum in Portugal, were handed over to has never known so much interest in the Bible, the Nationalist authorities and even some of the among Catholics as well as Protestants.

flags in use with Franco's forces bear the Portu- The strength of the Bible Society's position in guese arms as well as those of Spain, Italy and Portugal lies in the fact that it publishes a Roman Germany. Yet a Falangist-the Falangists are Catholic, as well an an Evangelical, version of the the Spanish fascists, who are opposed to the Re- Bible. The Roman Catholic, or "Figueiredo" ver- quetes, who are strongly "clerical"-speaking on a sion, is a classic of the Portuguese language and public occasion, referred to the desire of his party is used in many Protestant Churches and schools.

to unite Spain and Portugal, presumably in the If war can be avoided, the prospects of Evangeli- * See Frontispiece. cal work in Portugal should be bright.

[ 409 ]

Christ in Europe

By PROF. ADOLF KELLER, D.D., Geneva, Switzerland W HAT interests us here is not so much the subjective experience, as from a transcendent mes- question what controversial ideology is sage of the revelation of God in Jesus Christ. dominating the European Continent although it has a tremendous influence on religious In preparing my sermon for Good Friday 1917, life, nor what theological conflicts are fought it struck me that following the word of Christ: through in the European churches, which were "It is accomplished," I had not to speak of peralways inclined to express their religious life more sonal experiences but of the great fact and meseasily in theological form than it was done in sage which God has placed before us in the life America. We shall simply ask in this survey how and death of our Lord Jesus Christ. Christ is preached on the Continent and what a new evangelical life His message is kindling in A wide change in continental preaching is the European churches. partly due to the rebirth of a theology of the Reformation-Karl Barth's study of the Epistle If during the past century Church regiment, to the Romans appeared in 1918-and partly to Church authority and its representatives played a spontaneous rediscovery of the objectivity of an important rOle in European Church life, the God's Revelation in Christ. theologians came to the front these last decades when continental Protestantism re-thought the Since then preaching has again become the Reformation and tried to build up a new Church, announcement of the Gospel of Christ, as against not so much on an ecclesiastical authority but on giving moral or social advice, philosophical delibsound theology. Today we may observe that it erations or sentimental experiences. The first is the tUrn of the simple preacher of the Gospel task of the Church is again the preaching of the who has his word to say and is listened to. Gos- Gospel. This needs no further justification, yet pel preaching as such has become again the great there is no unanimity about what the preaching of essential fact in the life of the Church. the Gospel really means. Is Gospel-preaching con- sistent with the glorification of the nation and the But each century, each denomination, each na- mysticism of a totalitarian State? Yet, the eleven tion has made, in history, its contribution towards German Churches, whose leaders published a few a special type of preaching. The nineteenth cen- months ago a nationalist and totalitarian theory, tury preaching is in many respects quite dif- confound the Gospel with a myth; a divine revelaferent from the preaching which rose during the tion with religious self-consciousness; the Refor- World War, and which is heard today. The mation with the Renaissance. But the Churches last century was widely dominated by the theology in Germany, where this Gospel is preached, are of experience and of subjectivism which was empty. Evangelical people do not confound the started by the first great theologian of the century, "bread" of our Lord with the "stones" of a nat- Schleiermacher, who initiated a new theolo'gical ural philosophy. thinking by taking the feeling of absolute dependence on God as the point of departure for An important feature in the theory and pracsound Christian theology. Wherever such a the- tice of preaching becomes evident in these empty ology of experience and of the subjective Christian German Churches: preaching needs a congregaconsciousness was vigorous, preaching aimed at tion that listens to God's Word. I preached for awakening similar experiences. Schleiermacher six years in John Knox's Chapel in Geneva and himself was perhaps even a greater and more had often Scottish visitors in my audience. One evangelical preacher than theologian and inter- of them was once listening so attentively that it preter of German idealism and romanticism. Un- meant quite an inspiration to me. When he came der this theology it was more or less forgotten that after the sermon to shake hands, I found that he Christianity was born, not so much from a sweet had not understood one word because he did not understand German-but he listened. The re- sponse of many congregations where "German [410 ] Christians" are preaching is silence or absence. we have to fight; Christ is the only One who can Such spiritual indifference kills any sermon which overcome the reign of demons. is not characterized by more than human wisdom. The Church which no longer listens to God's In this respect, of course, preaching is the reflex word is dying. of a more orthodox and Christocentric theology. Yet, in other parts, especially in Eastern Europe, On the other hand, Confessional Churches in it is not so much an echo to theological thinking as Germany are crowded. A man like Niemol1er, a a response to Bible reading. The Bible itself and great preacher, drew larger audiences than the not only theology as a witness to the Holy Scripchurch in Dahlem could hold. There was always tures has been and is the great teacher of how to a pilgrimage from Berlin to Dahlem when the preach. Preaching is therefore no longer the art former captain of the submarine preached. Even of trained. pastors. The man who. reads the Bible, Ministers of State were in the audience. Niem61- preaches. A lay preaching movement may be obler is continuing to preach though silenced. In served all over Eastern Europe. In Austria near America, during the National Preaching Mission, Villach, is a Bible School preparing lay preachthere was not one single town where I was not ers for the Balkan countries. In Poland and Rusasked about Neimoller. He has the ear of the sia there is a large preaching mission carried on world because he preaches the Gospel even at the by laymen, the "Gospel-Christians," who are wancost of great sacrifice. dering from village to village announcing, often secretly, in farms, woods, lonely places the re- The essence of this Gospel-preaching is quite deeming message which they have learned to know simple. It is dominated by the two great leading from the Bible. In Polish Ukraine an evangelical thoughts of the Reformation: Luther's Sola gratia movement sprang up in a village when Krasniuk, ("by grace alone") and Calvin's great message of a Ukrainain prisoner of war, returned from a the sovereignty of God: Soli Deo gloria! Modern German prisoner's camp where he had learned to evangelical preaching in Europe is again focused read the Bible to his family in a Polish village. in these two great lights of the Reformation. It To read the Bible means to meet Christ, and this is Biblical, Paulinian. It is more an interpreta- is the one great stimulus for preaching. The tion of the Biblical text than an explanation of a annual report of the British and Foreign Bible subject for which the text is only a starting point. Society shows indeed that in spite of a growing Karl Barth in Basle does not allow his students poverty, political tension and religious persecuto develop their own brilliant thoughts by using tion the Continent has bought more Bibles than a Bible text. Stick to the text in reverence and during last year. Even in Spain the sale of the obedience, he would say. Under such influences Bible has increased. continental preaching has become more Biblical and more dynamic. It is a witness, not simply a The Hope for Reformation historical exposition or a psychological application of spiritual truth. Historicism and psychologism Where the Bible is re-discovered and read, a have largely diluted, during large parts of nine- reformation is always near. Other general literteenth century preaching, the divine substance of ature is certainly sharing the breakdown of any the preached word. These theological and psycho- really leading power for mankind; the Bible has logical temptations are overcome today. Christ again proved able to give real leadership to perhimself and not science or theology, not personal sonal and public life of mankind. Nowhere this piety or mystic experiences, is again the great sub- is perhaps deeper felt than in Russia where the ject of evangelical preaching~Christ who saves importation or printing of the Bible is still forfrom sin by His grace. The attack directed against bidden. A great thirst for the Word of God is the Saviour by a self-redeeming humanism and found wherever religious interest is not entirely secularism has, by reaction, made continental quenched. This unique Book and parts of it are preaching more Christocentric than ever. Where penetrating into Russia wherever pores of com- Christ is preached there is no place for a shallow munication are still open in the well protected nationalism or a vigorous moralism. All these pachydermic armour of their Russian giant. It isms are effaced by the tremendous realistic pow- penetrates into the interior via the great streams, er of sin and the all victorious Grace. Preaching via China and Turkestan. For many Christians is therefore, under the impression of the War and the possession of the Bible is the greatest treasure, its aftermath, more pessimistic than in the self- as the Word of God has become rare and thoucontent nineteenth century in so far as the possi- sands of Bibles have crumbled to dust because they bilities and confidence in man is concerned and has were read so intensely. It is a; matter of great again discovered the demonic character of the rejoicing that not only the Bible is read again world, the principalities and powers with which among Protestants-but Bible lessons are intro- duced for the first time in evangelical services. A

new Bible movement is spreading also in the Ro- by we felt that our skin must be heathen too. He man Catholic Church, and it happens that Ortho- gave us an inferiority complex. We began to feel dox priests, as in the famous conferences of Nar- that if we dressed in his clothes we should be va, assemble around the Bible and not only kiss less heathen. If we began to speak English well the holy Book as a part of the Orthodox service, we felt sure we were civilized and Christian. but read it with the joy of a great discovery. If we speak the truth (and we must speak the Wherever Christ is preached, the Cross is ines- truth), we must admit that the African says tocapable. The willingness to suffer with Christ is day, We want to feel at home when we worship. one of the essential features of Christian life. We want to feel that God has come to Africa. This willingness not to be afraid even of martyr- South African buildings, are always round dom is perhaps the greatest aspect of present day thatched huts. The first time that I went into a Christian life on the Continent. The world at- church-it was built on the western pattern-I tacks Christ, not so much by force and persecu- said, "I am in a foreign country." A Christian tion as by a new philosophy and new tempting priest put up a hut with a thatched roof and a ideologies. Those who are not adopting this phi- stone altar, such as we Africans use in worship; losophy in Russia or in the totalitarian States then I was at home before God. The stone altar must suffer persecution. The answer of the Rus- on which we used to make our sacrifices to our sian Christians to this persecution is silent suffer- ancestors in an attempt to worship the unknown ing. In Germany loud witness is still heard. In God, was the place where we could come to God the western and central democracies the liberty ourselves because God had made the ultimate to preach the Gospel is in no way restricted. A sacrifice. Outside, under the beautiful roof of the great missionary activity is started by the world that is the sky, what more beautiful church Churches in France, Holland and Switzerland could you find than that? The carpeted earth for which do not confine their missionary zeal to the our floor, under a big tree: there is the very best pagan world overseas but are discovering that church of all and we are at home there. The high they have a mission field at home, that the Church mountain suggests the power of God; the roaring itself is becoming a mission field as for instance ocean is better music than an organ. Our rivers France, which formerly has been called the oldest -we have beautiful rivers-they are not heathen daughter of the Church and counts today at least rivers; they tell us of God. Take our people out thirty millions of people who have no connection there and we can worship."-Miss Minnie Saga. whatever with any Church and have lost even an elementary knowledge of Christ and His Gospel. *** It is very likely that many Protestant Churches Mrs. Short, a British (L. M. S.) missionary in will join the remarkable effort which has been Papua, is training up the young people to a belief made by the American Federal Council of that God wants Papuans to remain Papuans when Churches in its National Preaching Mission to they become Christians. She encourages the weartake a fresh stand for the Church in the centre of ing of the native dress or some simple adaptation all Christian life and activity, in the announcement of it suited to modern conditions, the building of of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. The world has churches in the island fashion, and giving a Chrisproved today that it holds no really redeeming tian content to the old customs. Most of the oppomessage and that its recipes are not bringing heal- sition to this comes from the people themselves. ing or salvation but sickness and death. The They say, "Now we are Christians we are en- Church of Christ, confronted with this breakdown lightened people. We must dress as you do. We of culture and inefficiency of human wisdom, must have churches like yours. We must worship knows more than ever that she holds the word of in your way." Sentiment in some places is so salvation and has to bring it to the whole world. strong on the connection between religion and a particular form of dress that women may refus·e FROM MADRAS CONFERENCE to wear waistbelts because the costume into which their grandmothers were put by early mission- A Bantu African woman in a bright blue dress aries was a long shapeless garment without a belt. and head-cloth, spoke with a natural eloquence It was natural to those pioneer missionaries to which moved all hearts in the group on the wor- carry with them the customs, the conventions, the ship of the Church. style of clothes and religious buildings to which they were accustomed in their western lands. But "To us Africans, Christianity is a white man's Christians in Papua and other lands must be religion. The white man regarded as heathen helped to see that God wants Papuan Christians everything that he found in Mrica; not knowing and African Christians from every land, not our language or our culture he judged it as heath- simply Christians who are an imitation of the en. He made us so conscious of this that by and Westerner.

Ways of

'Tested Met1wds for Increasing Interest at Home ,EDITED BY GRACE W. MCGAVRAN, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA College Students Organize scribed by Bethanians and private do- Notice, too, that the project is nations. Each Saturday some of the for Actual Service girls conduct the recreational activi- not forced into just one channel. ties of McKinleyville which supple- Not all girls are interested in Young people of today are ment the newly added Boy Scout weighing babies and in taking ready to give time and energy to Troop under the leadership of William medical histories. There are rendering real service, if there Rutter, also of Bethany College. is some person or organization , In addition to this work, Bethany other avenues of service outto plan the work so it will be students have conducted Sunday school lined. Recreational leadership, effective, and if there is sufficient classes and church services at Mcreal need in the project to make Kinleyville for some time. and leadership for religious eduthem feel it worth giving them- cation is asked-and found. selves to. Front Rank, April 16, 1939. Too often we ask our young The following report of a serv- There are several points people to do some silly little ice project being carried on by worthy of note. The college thing which is no real challenge Bethany College students in Y. W. C. A. sponsored the proj- to their ability or interest. We West Virginia gives a picture of ect. Dr. Hoagland supervised it. assume they are too busy to do a situation which has need, ap- The article does not say who real things. That is, to be sure, peal and organization to make suggested it, but we may rest the excuse which they give to get the response effective. Study it assured that some one presented out of entering into our feeble carefully. the need vividly, or there would attempts to harness their ener- have been no such whole-hearted gies to worthwhile things in un- When the McKinleyville mine shut response. down, the presiding doctor and nurse worthy ways. But give them a could no longer be afforded. The Beth- Notice also that professional any College Y. W. C. A., under the aid was enlisted. There was no worthwhile job with a real chalsupervision of Dr. Florence M. Hoag- attempt made to have a bunch of lenge in it-give them competent land, promptly established the present college girls doing something leadership-give them organizaclinic for pre-school children. Once a that only a doctor and a nurse tion for effective use of their month under the leadership of Dr. could do effectively. But what energy and time-and your col- Booher of Wellsburg and the county college girls could do in connec- lege student displays all the renurse, who also donate their services, tion with the clinic was thrilling source, ingenuity and responsithe girls conduct the clinic in the little enough to them to insure their bility which made our ancestors, town four miles from Bethany College. participation. with no more years to their The girls weigh and measure the credit than these college young babies, take medical and social his- The international touch in the people possess, go forth to contories, and follow the orders and treat- participation of the Chinese stuments prescribed by the doctor. dent has more than a little value. quer a wilderness and to build a new nation. Taking her place in the clinic is Bethany's Chinese co-ed, a member of Race relations become normally the Y. W. C. A., Violette Chun. Attract Larger Audiences inconsequent when people of dif- Each time the Y. W. C. A. girls visit McKinleyville the townspeople fering races are working to- A missionary speaker recently know they are bringing canned food, gether in the spirit of Christ to went to one of the smaller clothing, medicine, milk, and other alleviate human suffering and to churches of his denomination for items that the children need. All Beth- build a happier world. For a Sunday evening address. To any College is now aiding with a "soap" campaign in which each stu- every such experience of joy in his amazement, considering the dent not only must use soap before working together we may well audience in some other engage- coming to fraternities and dormitories give thanks. ments he had filled, the church but must also bring one cake for Mc- Then there is the enlistment which was not a small one in Kinleyville. Already the girls are of the whole college in special size, was packed. Furthermore witnessing the results of their fine parts of the project. Soap and the choir loft was overflowing work. Underfed children are gaining in weight, children with impetigo-a books for the library! Two with eager-eyed boys and girls contagious skin disease – once more items which are easily provided from the eighth grade. The servhave clear complexions, and the by a large group, but which scantily clothed are now warm. The make a big hole in any budget ice started. There was little beco-eds have also established a library yond his speech and a musical with part of the funds and books sub- which must buy them outright. program by those boys and girls.

[413 ]

They were the eighth grade a Many of the mothers and fa- business going by continuing to cappella choir of a neighboring thers, older brothers and sisters spend her money for expensive school. They sang hymns, spir- of the children in that choir do trifles such as perfume bottles, it,uals and other dignified and not ordinarily hear good mis- imported service plates and suitable music. They listened sionary addresses. They came jewelry for herself, than to give with intense enjoyment to his because their children were to the money away. She was using sing. They went away glad that a false philosophy to bolster up address. they had heard a worthwhile ad- her selfishness. When it was all over, the bou- dress as well. The money paid for the quets of gay summer flowers Let us point out that a single jewelry went mostly into the singer, no matter with how pocket of the wealthy owner of with which the church had been lovely a voice, who was a mem- the store she was fondest of. The decorated were carefully wrap- ber of the community and whose same money would have gone ped and given to the missionary singing people had many times almost directly into the smallspeaker to take home with him. heard, could not have had much business world of grocers and One of the members of the attendance pull. So far as the clothing stores and dairy farms church drove him clear across suitability of her singing, so far of the community had she given the large city to the place he was as her adding to the program, it away. On the way it would staying at. the value might have been the have fed and clothed those in same. But probably not one dire need. The bit of beauty the Let us look at this experience single extra person would have money purchased is as dead tofor a moment, from the point of turned out more than would day as on the day it was purview of promoting attendance. have come for the address alone. chased. The gift of money to It was the missionary society relieve suffering would have which sponsored the church To add something in the na- brought life and health to a child service. They wanted not only ture of a variety stunt might who died for lack of proper food pull a crowd there, but to at- and shelter. their own members there, but tempt that is not worth the ruin also the rest of the congregation. it brings to the program. It To buy things for ourselves They felt that the particular mis- cheapens and debases it. Those instead of serving others with sionary they had secured was who are brought by it are quite the money that is ours is not true sure to give an address worthy likely to get up and walk out stewardship. of being heard by others in the during the address, or to form community besides the members the sort of unsympathetic audi- As church members face the of his own denominational ence which every speaker dreads. days of winter ahead, it is well group. for them to have this gently Consider then, what you may stern reminder always before What supplement to his ad- add to a program which will them, that to buy more clothes dress could they provide which build up the right atmosphere, for oneself when one already has would attract the groups they be of value in itself, and have more than one can wear, is the wanted present? They looked the right effect in bringing into tendency which is the most effecaround and decided that the a the meeting a much greater tive preventative of our being cappella choir of the eighth grade number of people than might able to "clothe the naked, and of the neighboring public school have come for an address alone. feed the hungry." would do that. Furthermore they could be counted on to pro- Our Money for Others We cannot squander our revide a musical accompaniment sources on ourselves and still in keeping with the address. The following thought-pro- have them to serve a needy world Parents of the children would voking and lovely poem by Alice with. come whether they were to sing Ferrin Hensey may be used in at school or in church. several ways in your church. A Here is the poem: poster, in the center panel of Please note that there was which it is beautifully lettered I have more food than I can eatnothing in the way of trying to in, and in the two outer panels They faint with hunger in the street. of which are pictures of those attract by false pretenses to whom we may serve, may be ar- I have more clothes than I can wearsomething which people would ranged. Or the poem might be Their head, and hands, and feet are not want to hear. They were given as a reading in the devosure of their missionary's hav- tional part of your service. bare. ing something people would find Where it is possible it should be made available to every member My walls are thick, and warm, and very worth having come to listen of the church, missionary so- dryto. The music was simply a sec- ciety, or other group. ond feature of equal worth in its Their walls are rain, and wind, and own field. During days of bitter need, sky. not so long ago, a woman ap- The problem of attendance at proached by the church for relief My heart knows love of noble soulsmissionary programs and meet- funds refused on the ground that Their hearts are hungry, thirsty ings is often not that of having it was more important to keep a worthwhile program. It is that bowls. of securing a hearing for that program from those who for These things let me remember when various reasons ordinarily fail to give it any attention. Cries of the needy rise again.* • Alice Ferrin Hensey. By permission of the author and of The New York Times.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Why Not Have a Church Library?

By MARY F. FOLGER A few years ago the Literature Committee with the pastor of the First Friends Church in In- dianapolis, Indiana, decided the time had come for the revival and enlargement of the church library. One of the Sunday school classes loaned their own furnished classroom for this pur- pose. Two bookcases were moved in and all the religious education, c h u r c h history, Quaker and missionary books were assembled. The Literature Committee chairman, with his wife, gave some and loaned many new and up-to-date books .

for circulation among our mem- bers. A number of desired books CHILDREN MAKE GOOD USE OF A GOOD LIBRARY were donated by other indi- viduals. for adults' and one for children's a suggested given list. These are From time to time throughout books. The name of borrower under various headings, some of the years the revision of the lit- and the date taken and returned which are: Biblical Literature, erature work of Friends has is noted on the card filed for that Friends History and Principles, been made, to meet and use new particular book. Evangelism, Pas tor a I and opportunities for usefulness. Two instances we want to Church Extension, Christian Thus the work of the church mention, occurring two years Education, Stewardship, Peace, library was begun in recognition apart-unknown to either child. Temperance, etc. of a wider avenue for service. One of our boy's mother was The Literature Committee has, Since the beginning of our reading to him at home, from for many years, been allowed a "revival," more cases and books our "Bible Story Book" and he certain amount in the yearly have been given. And our col- wanted to take it to school. She budget of our meeting. This lection has grown until now we gave permission and his teacher amount has been increased three have books for every department read this book to his class. A times since 1935 and is used exin the church and church school. little girl this year so thoroughly clusively for purchasing books We also have books on family enjoyed one of our "Stories of for the library. We feel the life, fiction with a Christian em- Jesus and the Children" that she greatest mission of the Church phasis, etc. Many books have took it to school and her teacher is to help the home furnish the been given by individuals as a read a chapter each day to her Christian foundation in charmemorial to a member of the pupils until she finished the acter building. And one of the family or meeting. These donors book. best ways to do this is through feel that there is an everlasting A number of children have furnishing and helping to select inspiration and living influence given, in the public schools, re- the best of reading material, and in this kind of memorial. A views of books they have read build through books higher number of the various commit- from our church library. Many ideals of personal conduct. Durtees of the meeting have given others have given book reviews ing the last several years we new and desired books, in this in Sunday school. The books for have placed church papers, peace way, not only cooperating with, children consist of the best and temperance literature, and but proving their consciousnes8 recognized Bible stories, mission- other reading material, in public of the need, and realization of ary and story books with em- places and in homes, where they the Christian influence of the phasis on world friendship, etc. supplied a timely need. Church through its own library. A number of adult books are We strive to be of service to One sectional bookcase is full used for reference and research any and all individuals desiring of children's books and this work. help or information, and in sev- corner, with little tables and For several years our yearly eral instances have been able to chairs, is used for, and by, the meeting – composed of sixteen supply or procure materials children. Two girls, each eleven quarterly meetings, and within needed on a number of subjects years old, assist with the whole these eighty-one local meetings for papers and talks outside of library and have complete charge -gives special recognition to regular church work. Our liof the children's section. members reading a certain num- brary is being used more and There are two card files-one ber of books during the year, in more all the time by all ages.

A Story for the

In the Hall of Fame made the difference, for her fa- "Did the people love her ?" ther had no more money than said little Lois. By VIOLET WOOD, Missionary the other men." Education Movement Mr. Wright smiled. "They "Frances Willard's father certainly did.. Many of them Phyllis Wright was visiting didn't drink, did he?" piped up traveled on foot from outlying Washington with her family. Janet. farms to hear her speak in the But she seemed disappointed as towns she visited. She wrote she studied the faces of the stat- "No," Mr. Wright shook his books and edited magazines ues of America's heroes, war- head, "and that was the diff-er- which thousands of people bought riors and statesmen. ence. Her family also prayed to and read and passed on to God and kept the Sabbath while friends. But that was not all she "Father," she said, "are there many other pioneers did not. did. Phyllis, you will be twentyno girls in the Hall of Fame?" Frances Willard decided to try one years old in nine years. Can to bring a new way of life to you tell me one of the things you Mr. Wright smiled as he re- people whose children were poor will be able to do then that you plied: "Let's get mother and and miserable because of evil can't do now?" Janet and Lois and I'll tell you ways. But first she must get an about the only woman whose education. In those days it was "I'll be able to vote," said statue is found here." an unusual thing for a woman to Phyllis proudly. go to college, but Frances did it. "What state is she from ?" Soon after her graduation a "Exactly," Mr. Wright said. asked Phyllis. "I'll be searching stranger thing happened; she "Frances Willard started the for her." was the first woman in America idea that women should vote, to become a college president." just the same as men. That was "She's from Illinois." a brave stand to take in those Phyllis scampered off, and "That's a very important job," days, for even good Christian when her father, mother and sis- murmured Phyllis. men were against the idea at ters caught up they found her first." gazing intently into the earnest "Yes, indeed," Mr. Wright face of Frances Willard. nodded, "but she gave it up after "I read a story once," said "I found her," she beamed. a while because she felt it did Mrs. Wright. It told how Fran- "Now father is going to tell us not give her time to carry out ces Willard always carried two about the only woman in the Hall her ambition to help the poor favorite books with her wherof Fame in Washington." Then mothers and children. She be- ever she went: the Bible and she read from the tablet" 'Fran- gan to lead bands of women 'Pilgrim's Progress.' " ces Willard was born September through the streets. The y 28th, 1839.' Why that's exactly marched to saloons, where men "I've read 'Pilgrim's Progone hundred years ago!" wasted their time and health and ress'," cried Phyllis. "It's great!" "That's right," said Mr. money, and there she prayed Wright. "Frances came of pio- and sang Christian songs. Hun- "Now, what would you call neering folks and as a little girl dreds were so affected by her Frances Willard?" asked Mr. she traveled in a covered wagon Christ-like spirit that they prom- Wright: "a heroine? a warrior? through the wilderness." ised to give up strong drink and a statesman?" "A wagon like our trailer?" to lead better lives." asked Janet. "I know what I'd call her," "Oh, no, much different," an- "Did they keep their prom- said Phyllis. "Our Sunday swered Mr. Wright. "In those ises?" questioned Janet. school teacher told us that misdays it took months to drive 500 sionaries had to be combinations miles, and we've only taken a "Many of them did," contin- of many things sometimes. I'd few days to do that with our ued Mr. Wright, "and many be- call her a missionary, a real automobile." came good fathers and estab- home missionary." "What did she do to make her lished Christian homes. Women famous ?" Phyllis asked impa- in other states formed similar Making Use of This Story tiently. bands and carried on the work, "Like all people who win so that her organization grew In connection with the celebration fame," Mr. Wright began, "she until it became the Women's of Frances Willard's Centennial read loved other people and wanted to Christian Temperance Union. to or encourage the child to read some be of some good in the world. Frances Willard was its presi- of the following books: She lived in prairie towns in Illi- dent for many years. During nois and as a little girl she saw twelve years she went all over Pionee'r Girl, the Early Life of men spending their money in the United States holding meet- Frances Willard, by Clara Ingram saloons, while their families ings every evening, traveling Judson, Illustrated by Genevieve were hungry and dirty. When 35,000 miles by means of wheezy Foster. New York, Rand McNalshe compared them with her own locomotives and in old stage ly & Company, 1939. 50 cents.

family she tried to find out what coaches." Frances Willard of Evanston, by Lydia Jones Trowbridge. Chica- [ 416 ] go, Willet, Clark and Co., 1938. $2.00.

Point out the fact that the Chris- tian motive was responsible for Fran- ces Willard's contribution to the bet- terment of the American home.

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

~,= NEW STEPS TOWARD Church, nearly every group was rep- in making plans beforehand. A CHRISTIAN ONE-NESS Pennsylvania city reports: resented in some way on the program "Twenty-five Catholic women helped . . . wonderful spirit of Christian us plan and ten Jewish women en- joyed our fellowship. The atmosphere "Now I am to be in this world no fellowship." Florida. of the meeting was deeply spiritual. longer, but they are still to be in the The singing of spirituals by two womworld, and I am to come to thee. Holy "We truly feel that there is a bet- en from each of our three Negro Father, keep them by that revelation churches was a high point in the of thy Name which thou hast given ter and closer understanding between service." me, that they may be one as we are . . . But it is not only for them that church women than there was pre- From a town in New York I am interceding, but also for those State comes this: who believe in me through their mes- vious to this meeting." Idaho. sage, that they all may be one-that "The village priest loaned us the as thou, Father, art in union with "Weare looking forward to an or- chairs and tables and wrote me a me and I with thee, so they also may beautiful note afterward praising our be in union with us-and so the world ganized group or federation of church effort and saying that he prays every may believe that thou hast sent me day for church unity." as thy Messenger."-Christ's prayer women growing out of this first May the night of the Last Supper. The effect of such gatherings luncheon." Indiana. may be far-reaching. Many groups made plans to undertake The observance of the Day of The May Luncheon idea origi- cooperatively s 0 me practical Prayer since its inception twenty project for the good of the com- nated with the Council of Wom- munity. Several gatherings. deyears ago, has been a patent in- en for Home Missions, the first cided to organize interdenominafluence in creating a greater one being held May 1, 1933 in tional groups that would funcsense of unity among women of New York City. In 1937 the tion through the year with the the Christian churches. There other national Protestant Wom- World Day of Prayer and the is now another special day which en's groups joined in the New May Luncheon as high spots. gives promise of binding still York luncheon. Nation-wide Perhaps in time many communi- participation in the "May Party" ties will be able to say, as one closer the bonds of Christian idea began in 1938. Over 400 woman did in reporting on the fellowship. communities reported holding May Luncheon in Dawn, Mis- luncheons. souri : Possibly there are those who would raise questioning eye- This year, 1939, there were "We have a Federated Church brows at the claim that May about 650 requests for program here and all the little country material. Reports have come churches and all the little ones Luncheons can help accelerate in town have been torn down the trend towards Christian un- from 33 states and Hawaii. and we all worship in one big ity but in reading reports of the Groups varied in size from one church." gatherings all over the country, of seven to that of 647 in New one finds striking evidence that York, which, however, included "Dawn"-what a significant it is true. Quotations from some name! If more of our comof them will answer. any skep- many from places outside of the munities would follow the examtics: ple set by this town, in spirit if metropolis. Oakland, California, not in deed, would there not be "This was the first meeting of its the second largest group, report- in truth the dawn of a new day?

kind in Preble County, eight churches ed 350. Meetings varied in type EASTERN SETTING-UP CONFERENCE OF taking an active part. Anyone could to suit local needs. Though the majority had luncheons, some COUNCIL WORKERS sense a feeling of fellowship and co- groups had teas, a few had din- What is a Council Setting-up operation. We hope to organize a ners, one a breakfast and others, Conference? It is a gathering of those who are to have charge working group soon." Ohio. just meetings without anything of the activities in the Centers for migratory groups which har- "This is a small town but we have to eat! vest and can the crops. They In many instances, all the nine church denominations and they churches in towns cooperated. all cooperated with the exception of The largest number of denomi- nations reported in one gathertwo. A real Christian non-denomina- ing was nine-there were doubttional spirit prevailed during the less twice as many in the New day." Oklahoma. York gathering, but statistics are not available. A number of "If all the nation-wide luncheons of May 4 proved to be as successful and reports mentioned the cooperaimportant as the one held in Gaines- tion of Catholic and Jewish womville, Fla., a forward stride has been taken toward Christian unity and en. In some places they attended friendly feeling. Jews and Catholics only or brought "greetings" as well as Presbyterians, Methodists, Baptists and members of the Christian from their groups, but in sev- eral instances they had a share [417 ]

meet for fellowship, for training, lights furnished by two rather members, one from the Southern for a better understanding of the weak flash lights. The migrant group, and one from the New magnitude of the migrant prob- workers at Hamilton are Italian. York group, everyone had a feellem and the part which the In return for the entertainment ing of the power and strength Church is taking in helping to they sang many Italian folk that come through unity, fellowrelieve a desperate situation. songs. It was generally agreed ship and service for Christ. that this was the right ending to Under the able leadership of a very interesting and valuable From many expressions of Miss Marie Gaertner, supervisor day. gratitude and enthusiasm to of Migrant work in the eastern Miss Marie Gaertner, it is very area of the United States, a very On July 5th activities started evident that the conference was profitable conference was held at 5: 30. Breakfast was eaten a big success. The only regret in Hamilton, New York, July 3d in a hurry, and then everyone was the absence of Miss Lowry, through the 6th. This is the lo- was off to the farms to "gather Executive Secretary of the cation of one of the Council Cen- up" the children. Many new Council. ters which served as a practice families had moved in over that school and demonstration. week-end and so several new FIFTEENTH CONFERENCE little faces were seen, including The program was divided so some six months' old babies. The on the that each worker majored in success of this day was in large the type of work that he or she measure owing to the extreme CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR would do on the field. This was efficiency of the Hamilton taff very practical giving a clear pic- who worked nobly in the face of To be held at Hotel Washington ture of the work to be done. surprising and terrific odds. A great sigh of relief greeted Miss Washington, D. C. Recreation Program. – The Stella Jenkins, R.N., Director leader for this was Mr. Stanley of Home Hygiene and Care of JANUARY 22-25, 1940 R. Kendig, of the Connecticut the Sick, Utica Chapter, Ameri- Council. On the field now are can Red Cross, for the situation This fifteenth conference will young people directing recrea- was beginning to tell on six endeavor to face more realisticaltional work, each putting into babies and their new "mothers." ly than ever before the problems practice what they learned from Miss Jenkins very kindly offered of the grim world in which we him. Mr. Francis Nothrop, her time in an exceedingly live. There will be a minimum Chairman of the Fairfield Coun':' crowded schedule to spend the of formal addresses and much ty Youth Committee was very day with the group giving advice active discussion of our own successful in teaching games. on the care and feeding of ba- problems aided by experts. One bies and the proper procedure important session of the Con- Other leaders were Miss Hel- in first aid. This is the first ference will be built around the en White, supervisor of migrant time live babies have been used report of our Commission on a work, Gulf to Great Lakes area, as models for demonstrating Permanent World Society. An- Miss Alicia Fisher who directed child care to Council workers! other session will be devoted to the new Center in Florida last After dinner a very beautiful pending legislation in Congress winter, Mrs. Patricia E. Man- and helpful devotional service in which we are especially interchester, Executive Secretary, by Mr. Winham was held on the ested. Here, of course, we shall Consumer's League of Wilming- hill, back of the dormitories at seek expert guidance to help us ton, Delaware, and the Rev. Al- Colgate University. As we sat determine our own position befred R. Winham, Pastor, First overlooking the surrounding val- fore our annual visit to Capitol Reformed Church of Astoria, ley and mountains beyond, we Hill. Long Island. Each made a val- felt a true fellowship of love and uable and significant contribu- readiness to go out among those A new emphasis will be laid tion to the conference. less fortunate with a clear mes- upon the necessity of social jus- sage of Christ. Even the heav- tice as a basis for peace and upon The Conference convened on ens conspired to make the occa- the steps which must be taken the evening of July third. After sion memorable and sent a small to insure social justice both the group had dinner together view of Aurora Borealis. within our own country and talks were given by Miss White among nations. The theme of and Miss Fisher, then Mr. Win- The most impressive moment the banquet will be "Our Reham spoke on "Renewing Pow- of the conference was on the last sponsibilities in a New World er." evening when communion was Order." served to the group by the Rev. The children who were to be FRANCES A. THOMAS, at the Center were not brought Paul F. Swarthout, Pastor of in from surrounding farms un- Chairman, Program til July fifth. The Fourth was First Baptist Church, Hamilton, Committee spent in group instruction, picnic lunch under the trees, a peri- New York. As the group gath- Those desiring to attend as od for swimming or tennis and delegates of the Protestant a party in an old barn, the illu- ered at the church and stood in Church group should apply mination for which was provided to the National Committee of by two oil lanterns and spot silence before Mr. Swarthout Church Women, Rm. 63, 297 Fourth Ave., New York, N. Y. who was assisted by two of our Registration Fee: $5.00.

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Our World,wide Outlook A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO CHINA care of livestock and a variety tion. The mission staff on the The Heart of the World of trades. island now numbers twenty-five, -China Information Service. working not only among the Sympathy for China is being Hainanese but among fQur abor- expressed in a growing stream Relief Expenditure iginal tribes.

of gifts from all parts of the GQvernment and p r i vat e Jewish Remnant in Szechwan world. These gifts include a sources in China have already package of clothes frQm North spent over $45,000,000 (Chinese It is said that many centuries Africa; a check from a sanatori- currency) for civilian relief. By ago a group of Jews settled in um in Sweden; other donations the end of 1938, according to western Szechwan bringing with frQm Basutoland, Pennsylvania, the NatiQnal Relief Commis- them their monotheistic faith NQrway, India, the West Indies, sion, 15,000,000 war refugees and Mosaic customs. Today SQuth Africa and other lands, had been assisted by either gov- there are many survivors who have recently reached the head- ernment, public or private .or- publicly worship God on mounquarters of the British Fund for ganizations, and 150,000,000 tain tops. A "lamb without the Relief of Distress in China. people (one-third of the popu- blemish" is slain and its blood Nearly seven tons .of soap, .over lation in China) had been forced sprinkled, with the "paying of sixty gallons of disinfectant- by the war to leave their home- vows." The Chiang-Min is the urgent necessities with over steads. Relief authorities are name given to these Jews, who 100,000 refugees packed into a shifting their activities from for more than 2,000 years have narrow strip .of city one and a supporting refugee camps to ab- met to worship God in West half miles long, as they are in sorbing the inmates into indus- China. Hankow-have been promised. try. The Chinese Government Ten cases of surgical dressings has already allocated $5,000,000 Converts from the Chiangand a large quantity of elastic for the development .of indus- Min meet every winter with bandage cloth have come from trial cooperatives which aimed Rev. T. Torrance, author of the north of England. particularly to benefit war refu- "China's First Missionaries," gees. The needs increase every for Bible stUdy. A favorite Child Welfare Work day, and the peak of suffering course of study is how the Old Coordinated has not been reached. Testament survivals in Chiang worship have become realized To attain greater efficiency in Importance of Hainan in the New Testament. These the care of war-afflicted children, people were at .one time very the National Relief Commission The Presbyterian Bulletin of numerous in Shensi alsQ, but has invited all child welfare Foreign Affairs notes that of all have been absorbed by the Chiassociations and institutions Japan's seizures in China the nese in that prQvince. throughout the country to co- island of Hainan is the one least ordinate their efforts for service likely to be given up, since the -Sunday School Times. to these children, and has form- Japanese Navy has long had its New BuildinR' for St. Elizabeth's Hospital ulated a set of principles. eye .on this. as a stepping stQne A new building for the Epis- There are now 100,000 war in its southward drive. With copal Hospital in Shanghai is orphans being taken care of in Hainan in Japanese hands HQng- made PQssible by a legacy left by 71 government, provincial, local kong is virtually surrounded by a daughter of the first Chinese and private institutions in Chi- a ring of air and sea bases. clergyman of the Episcopal na. Approximately $60, Chinese This little island is thickly set- Church in China. On June 27, currency, is required to support tled by about tWQ million rural 1868, a Chinese baby, Ah Mei one child for one year. It is folk. There are still a good many WQng, was born in the home of generally acknowledged that it aboriginal tribes in the interior. this clergyman and grew up to is nQt enough to supply fQod, Presbyterian mission work was make history. After attending clothing and shelter; there must begun there in 1881, with head- St. Mary's Hall Church School be elementary, health and voca- quarters at Hoihow and in 1884 for girls in Shanghai, she trained tional education, and training in a station was .opened at Nodoa. as a nurse, a piQneer step in citizenship. The waifs must al- Later medical work was started those days, and then decided tQ SQ be taught manual work, such at Hoihow, and in 1900, Kachek enter the Toronto University as sewing, weaving, gardening, was opened as a mission sta- Medical School.

[419 ]

From 1906 until her death in causes 'Of his 'Own success or fail- ated 115 students: 11 have died 1933, she devel'Oped a private ure. or are incapacitated by illness, practice in Shanghai, where she Serious thought about the cor- two have been drafted into the became highly respected. After porate life of each church. army; 79 are serving as pastors bequests to other Christian in- Careful thought as to the fu- or evangelists in Japan, F'Ormosa stituti'Ons, she left the residue of ture development of the work. or Korea; 19 are teaching or in her estate to St. Elizabeth's, for Thought about the future fi- social service and four are study- maternity w'Ork. nancial independence of each ing abroad. At a recent service, The new maternity unit and c'Ongregation. students talked or sang in their nurses' home is designed ulti- The purpose of the conference native tongue; it is interesting mately to combine St. Luke's and was: to note that in addition to J apa- St. Elizabeth's hospitals. To deepen corporate life; to nese, the following languages -The Living Church. evaluate w'Ork for Christ and were heard: Korean, Manchu- His Church; to endeavor to real- rian, Formosan, Chinese, Malay- Open Doors in Tibet ize the unity of all the work; to an, Spanish (Philippine Islands) Numerous lamaseries are make plans for the future devel- and French (French Indofound in Tibet where missi'Onar- opment and expansion of the China) .-Monday Morning. work.-The Living Church. ies may find a night's lodging. "Salvation Army in Chosen Many priests have visited the United Christian Movement Gospel Inn in Sining, 'Or have Korea is one of the 97 coun- Kagawa took the lead in an tries and colonies in which the he"ard about it from friends. At evangelistic campaign, in which Salvation Army is at work. It certain times of the year there the first meeting was attended employs 104 languages in preachare religious festivals in con- by 3,000 people who heard Bish- ing the Gospel at 17,567 outnection with the lamaseries, and op Naide 'Of the Episcopal posts. The Army has. recently those at Kumbum and Komangs- Church plead for a united spir- celebrated its thirtieth anniverzu, bring pilgrims from all parts itual front to meet the present sary in" Korea, when special of northeast Tibet. The crowds crisis in Japan's national and meetings were convened in Seoul come to worship; the Chinese international affairs; Miss Ka- and seven district centers. In come on holidays or on business, wai urged a deeper reliance on connection with the celebration and perchance to worship as God in the trying days ahead, was a campaign for a 30ro inwell, f'Or "better gods too many and Toyohiko Kagawa boldly crease in all branches of the than too few," they argue, even assert that only repentance and work. The Army has always if some of them are Tibetan conversion of Japan's leaders, recognized that a country's own gods. The crowds may be too her masses, her youth and even people should be the ones to dense, or too intent on business her Christians can save the na- spread the message. Accordingor pleasure to listen to preach- ti'On from the moral degradation ly, the work in Korea is conducting, but a printed message in to which she, along with 'Other ed by married couples who have their own language finds ready people in the world, has fallen. passed the courses in the Train- "Military force can never save ing Garrison. acceptance. The Tibetan will a people from moral debauchtuck his copy into his fox skin ery," said Kagawa; "only spirit- -Korea Mission Field. hat for later perusal alld per- ual and moral regeneration will haps to be carried far into the suffice to purge away individual interior.-China's Millions. "Two Hour Folks"

JAPAN -CHOSEN and national sins, and the Gospel When the superintendent of Calling All Workers of Jesus is the only force capa- the Soonchun Leper Colony in ble of transforming personal Korea was asked whether police control of the patients was nec- The Bishop of Tohoku, the Rt. and social life. Rev. Dr. N. S. Binsted, called a Mass meetings are to be held essary, he smiled and replied: meeting 'Of all w'Orkers, both men in various parts of Tokyo and "Where the principal occupation and women, in Sendai June 19 other cities during the next few of people is to get together sevand 20, and asked that prepara- months, and for a period of three eral hours a day and quote the tion for this conference should years all the churches are thus Bible, police are not needed. "By to cooperate in what promises the way," he added, "how would include: Private and public prayers for to be Japan's greatest united you like to hear one of our two the guidance of God's Holy Spir- Christian movement to date. Ka- hour folks?" "Two hour folks? gawa has agreed to give almost What's that?" the visitor init during the conference. Prayers for God's blessing full time to the pr'Osecution of quired. It was explained that upon each pers'On's 'Own work as the campaign throughout the these were patients who could well as upon the work of the dis- land.-Christian Century. quote the Scriptures for two trict and the whole Nippon Sei- Graduate Activities Listed hours at a time without making kokwai. any appreciable mistakes.

An examination by each indi- Since its formal organization At a recent Scripture recita- vidual of his own life and w'Ork, in 1930, the Japan Theological tion contest at Soonchun, hun- with an effort to realize the Seminary in Tokyo has gradu- dreds of contestants appeared,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

representing all ages. An old ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC army officers dropped from the and sightless man repeated the service for lying. He took adentire book of Matthew without Evangelism among the vantage of this opportunity to stopping. He had committed it Batanese say that with the exception of to memory by hearing it read treason or cowardice there is no aloud. The Batanese Islands are the crime in the military code so most northerly part of the Phil- unpardonable as lying, and that -Evangelical Christian. ippines. Until March, 1937, there the foundation of every army is had been no evangelical work the honor and integrity of its Promoting Stewardship in there, but at that time Dr. and officers. "Lacking these virtues," Korea Mrs. Paul Culley, with two Fili- he said, "no army can succeed in pino preachers established a per- peace or war. An armed force Rev. H. E. Blair, in the United manent work there. There are with untrustworthy officers be- good reports coming from these comes a menace to the state Church Review, tells how the Islands: a total of 215 con- rather than a support . . . If principle of stewardship has versions, with government offi- executive clemency were exerbeen promoted in the Korean cials and school teachers friend- cised in this or any similar case, Church. Individual missionar- ly. A permit reading, "Any it would set a standard of integies had taught stewardship from place, any time" opens the way rity in the Army of the Philipthe beginning; it remained to for preaching at all points. Vio- pines so low that it would disoutline a plan fQr systematic lence and opposition instigated credit not only the Army, but giving. Pamphlets giving prac- by priests there have been, but even the Government itself, and tical methods and stewardship without much result. Two young deliver a death-blow to the develsermon themes were supplied to men from the Batanes are now opment of the high type of offithe churches, then each church stUdying in the Manila Evange- cer personnel which we must was urged to print their own en- lists' Institute preparing for have." velopes and supplies. The most work there later. satisfactory is a 52 page pad Three other officers are menwith a given number, to be hung -So S. Times. tioned in Lanao Progress as exon the wall at home. Each Sun- pressing the same sentimenits, day, a member tears off a page "Keswick" in New Zealand and all three, as well as Presiand folds it around a coin with dent Quezon, practice their own the pad number in view; the The missionary rally was one preaching. They know that little folded parcels to be depos- of the high lights of the annual their country must be made ited, with both hands, in the col- Convention Camp at Ngaruawa- strong, and that it takes upright lection bag. hia, N. Z., this year. On the men to make it so. speakers' platform were 30 mis- Most Korean women have no sionaries, representing Africa, Christianity Applied to money to give and one of the India, China, South America, Business tQuching scenes in many a Ko- Solomon Islands, Central Asia, rean Church is the gathering up New Guinea, Egypt, Russia and The largest shoe factory in the of little rice bags. The rice is the Maori of New Zealand. Each Philippines is owned by a Chrisput into the bags a spoonful at speaker was limited to six min- tian, Mr. T. Teodoro. He ema time as meals are being pre- utes. Those present noted that ploys 500 workers and turns out pared. the interest of the audience did twelve to fifteen hundred pairs of nOit lag for a moment. The chair- shoes a day. He provides for his Year by year some new pam- man announced that the mission- employees low-rent living quarphlet is issued to teach and re- ary fund had realized £3,725 ters, a low-priced restaurant, teach various phases of steward- during the past year, and the complete medical care, physical ship. Special men are sent 'Out goa] for the forth-coming year examination and clinical service, whenever possible to deepen in- was set at £4,000. A pledge and rest and recreation facilities. terest. There are also special cash offering was taken, when His factory is a model for light courses on systematic giving in an amount in advance of that of and air. Not only this, but each the Theological Seminary and last year was promised, and a morning his 21 foremen meet Bible Institutes. As the pas- cash offering of £180 received. with him and start the day by tors go from house to house they repeating together Psalm 19: 14 talk about the family and its -Life of Faith. -"Let the words of my mouth spiritual progress. They talk and the meditations of my heart crops. They talk church bud- Quezon Works for Integrity be acceptable in thy sight, 0 get. After prayer they layout Lord, my strength and my rethe record of the family as to Lanao Progress observes that deemer." Then, after a period of church contribution during the President Quezon and other Phil- silent meditation, they discuss past year and secure a new and, ippine government leaders are the day's work, closing their if possible, better pledge from making a determined effort to meeting with the Lord's Prayer. each member of the family for bring about a moral revitaliza- At one corner of this room is the year to come. Thus the tion among their people. A re- a door which opens on a steep churches have grown in power cent evidence of this was the President's action in ordering and effectiveness.

and narrow winding staircase in the Holy Land. It was kin- Today there are in America over which leads to a prayer room. dled on Easter morning by a 4,300,000 criminals actively at work, It is a long room with a prayer member of the Jewish National plundering and murdering. There is rail, a picture of Christ at Geth- Council, at an elaborate service an aggregate of 1,330,000 serious semane, and Scripture verses in before the historic Wailing Wall, crimes and a national crime bill of Tagalog. No one is invited into attended by representatives of $15,000,000 a year. this room who cannot also be practically all Jewish organizainvited to pray, and shoes are tions in Palestine. Prison-Mission Field left behind at the foot of the stairs. The idea is to have the light Eighty~seven American pris- burn in the Memorial Hall of the ons are now using the "Bible -Philippine Presbyterian. Pavilion not only as a memorial Course for New Christians," and to those who died in the struggle 189 prisoners have received cer- NORTH AMERICA to establish a Jewish national tificates for completing the work. home in Palestine, but also to These students become personal Bible Society Day at the symbolize the undying faith of workers. A man urider sentence World's Fair the Jews in the future of their in the Los Angeles County jail people in the Holy Land. led fifty-one souls to Christ. An- June 25th was American Bi- other teaches a class of thirtyble Society Day at the New York -World Outlook. five fellow prisoners and has World's Fair. Following the won ten. Art Marron, a Filipino dedication of the Society's exhib- Growing Intolerance who spent five years in San it in the Communications Build- Quentin Prison, received his ening, which included a long list To "make America safe for tire religious, education through of book titles chosen from the differences" is becoming an ur- the Bib I e Correspondence Bible, such as "The Promised gent task for all Christian peo- Courses. He is now preaching Land," "Green Pastures," etc., ple in the United States. This day and night in the smaller the group of men, women and was emphasized by the Church towns of the Philippine Islands children went to the Temple of Peace Union at their semi-an- and establishing Bible classes Religion, where Dr. John H. Fin- nual meeting in Atlantic City in wherever he goes. On his last ley and William Lyon Phelps June, when the following resolu- trip to a little town in the mounwere the principal speakers. tion was passed: tains, which he reached by a cart drawn by a water buffalo, 18 Dr. Finley spoke of the devo- We protest against the rise of anti- souls accepted Christ and were tion to the Bible of earlier gen- Semitism in the United States. It baptized. erations. To this, he attributed expresses an attitude and policy which not only their genuine piety but are contrary to our American insti- He has started Bible classes in also the richness of their lan- tutions and particularly to our spirit nearly every little town of eastguage. He declared that no oth- of freedom. ern Pangasinan, and twentyer book in the world could be seven Bible women, or Sunday compared with the Bible. Any Anti-Semitism also threatens the school teachers, have completed other book the human race might basic ideals of all religions. Intoler- the course.-S. S. Times. do without, but not the Bible: ance expressing itself in prejudice that, he said, is a necessity of and hatred for the Jew will not end Students Wanted life. there; in fact, it threatens the very structure of democracy and religious A call issued in June to enroll Dr. Phelps aroused much ex- liberty. in the "Ambassador Training pectation when he said that the Corps" introduced something de- Bible contained the best prayer, We condemn the organized cam- cidedly new in student Christian the best sermon, and the best paigns of hatred, and we particularly work, and is in contrast with all poetry in the whole world. The condemn the reckless and inflamma- previous efforts to meet the re- Sermon on the Mount was, of tory statements that have been made ligious needs of the student course, the best sermon; and before the Congressional committee world. It was a call to students the Lord's Prayer, the best in Washington and that are constant- to enroll in an intensive sumprayer. The best poem was the ly being made over the radio as con- mer training course in prepara- Twenty-third Psalm. trary to the fundamentals of our tion for definite, aggressive, American Government and the spirit evangelistic service on the cam- Symbol of "Eternal Light" of all religions. pus of American colleges during 1939-1940. Emphasis is upon The Ner Ha-Tamid, or "eter- We urge all religious leaders and training individual volunteers nal light," was brought from the people of their respective congre- in personal Bible study, so that Palestine last April to burn in gations to take active steps toward they wiH not be dependent upon the Jewish Pavilion at the New the development of that understand- adult leadership. To attain to York World's Fair. According ing, cooperation and goodwill which the rating of "ambassador," the to the Director of the Pavilion, will unite them more deeply in over- student engages in a thirty-two this light will burn continuously coming this evil with good. weeks' training course in active as a memorial to those who gave Christian living and service. their lives seeking the establish- -Church Peace Union. ment of a Jewish national home -So S. Times. Crime in the U. S. A. The crime situation is not im- proving, if the figures of J. Ed- gar Hoover are to be taken as evidence. Says Mr. Hoover: The records of the Federal Bureau of Investigation show that crime is increasing; that murders, manslaugh- ters, robberies, sex crimes, automobile thefts are greater than ever before.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Moral Rearmament Conference Moslems who make the pilgrimage considered are health, govern- ment relief, etc. This does not Before a crowd of nearly to Los Angeles should also make that tell the whole story. Special 25,000 in Hollywood Bowl, Cal- services for Indian girls grew ifornia representatives of the to Mecca. BISMILA. into a Sunday school. Ten of "Oxford Groups" from 25 coun- these girls now sing in the tries launched a drive for unity Negro Advance church choir. and Christian harmony in this unsettled world-a unity based The United Presbyterian says -Spirit of Missions.· on the four points of honesty, that the greatest improvements unselfishness, purity and love. in the Negro race have come Stand on the Liquor Problem Three objectives were listed: 1. since the beginning of the World Permanent peace between indi- War, and offers the following Prospective students of Illividuals and nations; 2. The facts as proof. There are now nois State Normal School need world's wealth made available to over 120 Negro institutions of not enroll there in ignorance of all, but for exploitation by none; higher learning with 35,000 stu- that institution's attitude toward 3. Create a new culture and alcohol, for its latest catalogue bring in the advent of "the gold- dents of college grade, 2,457 of contains the following stateen age." collegiate professional grade, ment: and twice the entire number It is said that new hope has studying college subjects. The Since ability to consume intoxicatbeen generated by this plan. Chi- number of Negroes now holding ing beverages, regardless of nature nese and Japanese representa- or quantity, is not a par~ of teachertives shook hands there; labor academic and professional de- training program, and Slllce emplo~­ union leaders greeted officials grees is 32,478. About 63.8 per- ers of teachers, regardless of theIr of employers' organizations. cent are men and 36.2 per cent personal a~titude toward the liguor Among the messages read from are women. The largest numer- question, WIll not employ or contll~ue well known leaders was one ical group comes from parents in service teachers who use such lllfrom Henry Ford which ex- neither of whom could read. The toxicants, Illinois State Normal Unipressed a profound truth. Said bulk of these graduates enter the versity very emphatically states that Mr. Ford: "There is enough professional field. Nearly 200 the use of intoxicants on or off the good will in the people to over- have incomes of $5,000 or more; campus will not be permitted, and come all war, all class dissension the median high school salary deviation from this regulation calls and all economic stagnation, for severance of connections with the when that good will shall be of teachers is $1,300. The call school. Because the institution feels hitched to the affairs of men and for Negro college graduates is justified in the interests of its reputanations."-Dayton News. tion and that of its students and grad- more imperative than ever. uates in having such a regulation, it Los Angeles as a "Mecca" There is one white physician to is hoped that persons who cannot live every 728 white people, but only within both the letter and spirit of Strange sects are not confined one Negro physician to every this procedure will not apply for adto Iraq. The Moslem World 3,125 Negroes. There is one mission to the university. quotes the following notice white teacher for every 110 posted in Los Angeles: white children, one Negro teach- -United Presbyterian. er for every 218 of the Negro KALIFAT-NEBI JEFFERSON. group. LATIN AMERICA Yearly pilgrimage of Moslems of Civic Leadership in Oklahoma Christian School in Cuba Kalifat No.5, known as North Ame,rican Kalifat, shall be concluded m St. Philip's Episcopal Church La Progressivu, Presbyterian Civic Center, Los Angeles, during the in Ardmore, Oklahoma, believes school at Cardenas', Cuba, has 30 days of the month of Muaram. that it must take a leading part been signally honored by Cuba's in community life. With this Secretary of Education, who The purpose shall be educat~onal. in view, the rector and others awarded it special recognition This pilgrimage should part~cularly decided upon a number of proj- for its whole curriculum, from remind Moslems of the teachmgs of ects, of which the following are first grade through High School. America's fist Karajite leader, Thom- afew: as Jefferson, loyal successor of George When a new government high Washington, tried-and-true founder of A garden inspection committee school was established in Carthe Republic. which brought about self-help to many denas, La Progressiva empha- Terminating the pilgrimage; Mos- needy families. sized its boarding department, lems should make the circuit of the thus affording greater oppor- Los Angeles Federal Building which A canning plant growing out of the tunity to young people from suis situated in what is henceforth to garden committee. gar plantations and small towns. be known by Moslems as Jefferson Square. They may make the circuit A plan for milk distribution to The Christian influence of as many as seven times, but it is not needy. the school has been of far reachtheir duty to make it even once, since ing value; many of its graduthey should make it only of their A Milk and Ice Fund. ates continue their training in own free will and according to their An amateur boxing tournament to normal schools and later teach ability. support the Milk and Ice Fund. in Presbyterian institutions on Moslems who make the pilgrimage An Open Forum at which com- the Island; others attend the to Mecca should make that to Los munity problems ar~ d~scussed. . theological Seminary in Puerto Angeles also. A community samtatIOn campaIgn. Rico. Six Presbyterian pastors A mobile health clinic. in Cuba are graduates of La Promotion of two summer camps.

The open forum proved to be especially valuable. Subjects

Progressiva and there are two of widely different types, yet Three factors made the occa- sion memorable: this is the candidates for the ministry in common to all is a form of ani- first modern church building in Colombia; there was a new visthe present graduating class. mistic religion. There is now, ion afforded those who came from i sol ate d communities Four pastors' wives also gradu- as a result of this Mission's ac- where life is one long struggle against persecution and immorated from the school. tivities, a vigorous church, made ality; and there were present -Monday Morning. up not merely of passive Chris- representatives of nearly all de- nominations or groups working tians but of those eager to pass in interior Colombia-Presby- terians, Independent National Ice Breaking in Guatemala on the Gospel message. A short Church, the Scandinavian Alli- ance, Worldwide Evangelistic Tourists and modern life have time ago, when a member of one Crusade, Pentecostals, Luther- ans, Cumberland Presbyterians not yet penetrated the western of the most degraded tribes was and some independent mission- aries.-Colombian Clippings. highlands of Guatemala, so con- ordained a minister, the "im- EUROPE siderable persuasion was re- possible" was achieved. The Crisis Grows No Less quired on the part of Rev. H. D. One tribe of 500 Indians of Peck, Presbyterian missionary, North Argentina has 400 pro- Dr. Adolph Keller, Director of the Central Bureau for Relief of to convince the mayor of a very fessed Christians. The past Evangelical Churches, reports on the present outlook. When needy village that he should ad- thirty-five years have seen this Bureau was established in 1922 it was thought that a few mit aclinic unit from the Amer- marked advance in Chile also. years' effort would be sufficient ican Hospital at Guatemala City. Boarding schools and medical for reconstruction after the So far as the mayor was con- work have been of great value. World War. This estimate has been found to be too optimistic. cerned, witch doctors were good -Life of Faith. Totalitarianism and the almost incredible fury of anti-Semitism enough, but finally permission have so deeply affected the eco- nomic situation of the churches, was grudgingly granted. School Uses Radio their liberty of conscience and Although relief from their ail- their spiritualIife that the prob- One of the mission schools lems have multiplied. Here are ments was welcomed, there was which uses the radio to develop a few of them: Feeding the degeneral suspicion on the part of interest in its program is Cole- pendents of evangelicals who those helped: there was endless gio Episcopal de San Pablo, bet- have been sent to Siberia, includbeating of drums, offerings of ter known in the United States ing the few Russian Protestant chickens and flowers by the vil- as St. Paul's School, Camaguey, pastors that are still alive, relagers, who were taking no Cuba. The School has bought lieving Protestant pastors in chances on offending the moun- the time for the broadcast over Rumania, many of whom are tain deities. Station COJK, short wave. The trying to maintain homes on Principal, Rev. Paul Tate, from 12 to 15 dollars a month, -Monday Morning. helping to finance theological students, for the need for an en- Baptist Mission in Vera Cruz writes that the idea is to keep lightened Christian ministry is ahead of other schools in all acute. Rev. Donata Ramirez, a Mexi- sorts of activities that may add to the school's prestige. As the Even the very hopeful evancan of Kansas City who was broadcasts become better known gelical movement in the Ukraine trained for the ministry at Col- ,and accepted, real evangelistic is threatened with financial gate-Rochester Divinity School, . material will be used. straits and all manner of petty is the first resident pastor at persecution; every pastor must Tierra Blanca in the state of -The Living Chu.rch. get a permit for every sermon Vera Cruz. He began work in he preaches, whether in his own parish or elsewhere. Then there June, 1938; without a church New Church in Bogota is the staggering refugee probbuilding, but with a gift of $300 lem; also the heavy blow dealt the Czech Church of the Brethfrom the Rochester student The dedication on March 12th body and $200 from the Baptist of the new Presbyterian Church Home Mission Society, he began in Bogota, Colombia, was an to build and since then small epoch-making event. The site sums have made it possible to go was secured and the building on with the undertaking. The erected with the proceeds from membership of this young church the sale of the former church is 58, the average attendance 70 ; property. Representatives 0 f each week end at least 12 various Presbyterian churches members hold special services in and other missions throughout the surrounding area. The Colombia crowded the auditorichurch has three outstations, all um. Some had journeyed a day of which indicates that a strong or two on horseback, over diffichurch is arising in Tierra cult mountain trails, others Blanca. -Watchman-Examiner. came by auto and one flew over from Medellin. The theme of Primitive Indians in South the dedicatory sermon, deliv- America ered by Rev. A. M. Allan, a for- mer pastor, was "Past, Present The South American Mission- and Future." This was followed ary Society ministers to Indians by a communion service.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ren (Hussite), and the unfavor- ship allowed, and only in private by er subsidize pUblications; these able developments that are special agreement and favor of the must pay for themselves. facing the Waldensians in Italy. state; (4) All Romanist laws and jurisdiction included organically in Germany has also banned ra- Once more the Christian dio broadcasts of religious serv- the state's statutes; (5) The Roman ices. Such orders as the radio ban, and that on the sale of Bi- Church is producing martyrs. Church given the supervision over ed- bles are not published, but ucation, press and printing "in dog- transmitted secretly by the Min- Churches are packed where emp- matic matters"; (6) Church property istry of Propaganda. Church ty benches had become the rule. taken from the Church by the former officials have urged that broad- casts of religious services be re- government to be ceded to the state, sumed for the benefit of invalids, but all such requests have found Friends Oenter in Paris in return for which the state will sup- deaf ears.-New York Times. port the Church; (7) The relations In Hungary and Poland An attempt is being made to to be legaliZed by a Concordat. There is news of a great rebring about contacts between the It is added, however, that fif- vival movement in Hungary, not Society of Friends in France and teen of the world's greatest re- only in Budapest, the capital, but outstanding intellectuals in that ligious leaders have petitioned in other centers. Evangelistic country who are thinking along Franco to investigate the reli- meetings are being held many gious situation and to ensure times a day, and at some of them the same lines as the Friends, freedom of worship, and he has from four to seven thousand peothough not connected with any agreed to look into the matter. ple are present, many of whom religious movement. Two vis- have never heard the Gospel be- -Alliance Weekly. fore. Special editions of the its have been paid to Jacques Gospel of John and the Epistle Maritain, distinguished Catholic to the Romans have been placed in the hands of inquirers; while scholar who is deeply interested Methodists Meet in Denmark Christians are urged to take five in the Friends, both because of copies and, after prayer for guidance, to seek out five relatheir international activity and "The Methodist Church in tives or acquaintances to whom they may give them, at the same their emphasis on religion. Con- Europe" was the theme for the time witnessing to what the Lord has done for them. tact has also been established Conference of Met hod i s t As the eyes of the world are with Prof. Emery of Lyons, out- Churches and Missions in the focussed on Poland's political problem, it should not be overstanding liberal thinker of various countries in Europe, looked that while the State has fenced out Communism it re- France. Jean Giono, well known held in Copenhagen, Denmark, mains for the Christian Church to fence out atheism. Evangel- French writer, has also ex- August 2-6. The purp.ose of the ical Churches are taking the lead in this (the prime minister is a pressed his desire to cooperate gathering was to provide an op- Protestant) , and they are with the Friends in any project portunity for fellowship, inspir- backed up by the World's Evan- gelical Alliance. that will promote peace. ation and education to groups of -Baptist Missionary Review.

At the French Yearly Meet- ministers, laymen, laywomen The Army and Ohristianity in Germany ing in Paris, the largest in his- and youth of the new Methodist A short time ago a German tory, there were delegates from Church in Europe. The former army officer, a devout Christian, published a book called "The Of- S wed en, England, America, Methodist Episcopal Church is ficers' Hour." It was favorably reviewed in The Millitary Week- Switzerland and Germany. It established in Denmark, Sweden ly News and subsequently at- tacked in the same paper. Bewas generally felt that the meet- and Norway; there are over 250 tween the appearance of these contradictory views, the book ing had attained a higher level churches and 30,000 members. was bitterly denounced in the Schwartze Korps. The author's than in previous years not only These Scandinavian Methodists in numbers, but in spiritual are not only self-supporting but ways as well. maintain nineteen foreign mis- -American Friend. sionaries. There are also church- es and missions in Finland, Religion in Spain Esthonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Italy, Jugoslavia, Bulgaria and Many are wondering what Hungary. In Germany there are will be the outlook for religion five self-supporting Conferell(~es. in Spain under Franco's regime. Jose Pemartin, spokesman for -Christian Advocate.

the Spanish Nationalists, is Bible Sales Bring Reaction in quoted as saying that Spain is Nazidom now to become the most fascist country in Europe; that a pro- The fact that sales of Bibles gram for the Catholic Church is in Germany have outnumbered to be established which will be- those of ~'Mein Kampf" by "more papist than the pope," 200,000 copies the past year has and will serve the political ends apparently angered Nazi authorof the state. Here is the program ities, for an order has gone out as outlined by Senor Pemartin: that Bible and religious tracts (1) The Roman Catholic religion may be sold only in Confessionis the official religion of the state; al Book stores. In general book (2) The prohibition of all teaching that opposes or denies the Roman stores Bibles may be sold only Catholic faith, either officially or in when specifically ordered. Bible private; (3) No other public wor- and Tract Societies may no long-

"sin" consisted in declaring that riously hesitant. Finally the widespread unemployment. The there can be no true fighting reason came out! They were Society was told it would be im- spirit and no military oath of thinking about the hot summer possible to start a boy's club loyalty without a Christian ba- days to come when they would here, because the people were sis. He therefore reasons that be toiling in the fields all day, fanatically Moslem. However, soldiers should be educated to a and were afraid the heavy per- such a club was opened in 1925, belief in God, and demands from spiration would ruin their Tes- and persistent kindness finally -the officers an acceptance of taments, as, true to their pledge, overcame opposition. The mem- Christianity. they carried them in their pock- bership is now from fifty to ets. At last they decided to risk sixty. Boxing, wrestling, weight The newspaper attack of the it, and 28 of them joined the lifting and other physical exerbook admits that such a book League. cises are practised. Lessons are might have been acceptable forty given in English and Arabic, in years ago, but not today, because AFRICA reading, writing and other ele- the question of a soldier and his mentary subjects. On the spir- religion can now only be dis- Farouk Leads in Friday itual side by friendship, by percussed from a single standpoint Prayers sonal talks, by Bible study -that of national socialism, groups and occasional lantern which unites all the beliefs and This is the heading of an arti- lectures and addresses, the work- philosophies of the German peo- cle that appeared in a Cairo ers strive to demonstrate Chris- ple. Christianity is thus defi- daily recently. tianity in action. In addition nitely placed on the same level there is a Blind School, where with paganism. In its issue of Last Friday was a notable day men are taught reading and March 16th, the Schwartze which revealed a pleasant surprise writing in Arabic Braille. It Korps stated: such as had never occurred to any has a Braille library of over one's mind. Probably it is the first 1,500 books, all Christian, which "It is true there is political strife in surprise of the sort in a thousand are lent up and down the coun- Germany arising out of religious dif- years. His Majesty the King went try to blind Moslem readers. ferences. But it is equally true that to the Quasin Mosque to perform the these differences will not be allowed Friday prayers, to which some illus- Ethiopia Is No More to impair our military strength. The trious guests of Egypt had preceded religious life of the German soldier is him, from among the delegations of The Council of the League of so closely bound up with the concep- sister Arab nations which had come Nations on May 12th tacitly ac- tions of People, Fuehrer, Country as to take part in the Palestine Con- knowledged that Abyssinia (or the revelation of the Divine Will," that ference. Chief among these were two Ethiopia) is now to be called a the tenets of any particular religious princes from Hejaz. No sooner had "Province of Italian East Af- sect will be able to exert no influence the preacher finished the Friday ser- rica." An annex to the Anglo- whatsoever. mon than- King Farouk was seen by Italian agreement, signed in those present for the prayers to leave Rome on April 16th, expressed -Kulturkampf. his place in the front rank and make in somewhat ambiguous terms his way to the Mihrab (prayer niche the !Italian Government's will- Testaments for Italy which indicates the direction of Mec- ingness to consider favorably the ca), where he led the prayers as the work of British missions "in hu- In the P. T. L. Quarterly we imam (leader of public prayers). manitarian and benevolent read that in Italy membership in That was a very great surprise, which spheres." This mayor may not the League has steadily in- caused the thousands gathered in the mean tolerance of Christian creased until the number is now mosque and along the streets lead- evangelism. over 4,000, a remarkable record ing to the mosque to raise shouts of for ten years' effort in a land supplication to God that He would The British and Foreign Bi- where Protestant work is car- preserve the "righteous King" the ble Society has kept open its ried on with 'such difficulty. The "prince of believers" and the "imam depot at Addis Ababa, but the Italian League President, Rev. of the Moslems." future is uncertain. The Her- H. H. Pullen, has many oppor- mannsburg Mission has been altunities in his journeys to Western newspapers co m- lowed to continue its work in promote this work. He has ap- mented that this innovation will Addis Ababa, and partially to pointed a young assistant to hold tend to unite Arab-speaking resume itineration in the inte- meetings for young people in Moslem peoples. It has always rior. The United Presbyterian Liguria, Piedmond and Lom- been customary for a caliph, or mission hospital remains open, bardy. He found that members one aspiring to the caliphate, to and the Sudan Interior Mission in Genoa were joining forces lead these public prayers, and a continued till last August. with the Scripture Union, and number of Moslems are express- When compensation for mission were holding regular meetings ing a desire to make the young property, expropriated by the of their own. In Turin, a new king of Egypt Caliph of the Italian Government was paid group of sixty members was whole Moslem world. and the mission was refused per- formed. In many other towns mission to take up other sites, there was a happy response to -Woman's Missionary the seven remaining missionar- appeals. At an evening meeting Magazine. for adults in an out-of-the-way village, several young men Boy's Club in Cairo wished to join, yet seemed cu- The Church Missionary Soci- ety is doing an eifeotive piece of social work in a slum of Cairo, a filthy, crowded section, with

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ies were forced to return home. of the Africa Inland Mission was Last year was a serious fam- The whole future of Protestant climaxed with the baptism of ine year; food prices soared or work in Italian East Mrica eighty men and women. Except the food was not obtainable; must depend largely upon the for the fact that the Church is people were hungrier than they Waldensians and other Italian very rigid in its examination of had ever been. Money formerly Protestants. It is hoped that candidates for baptism, the num- spent on clothes had to be spent work along the border may ber could easily have been 200. for food. Women with tiny reach some Ethiopians. Even so, this is the largest num- babies on their arms go through ber baptized, so far, at one time. the grass catching tiny grass- -International Review of hoppers in order to have meat to Missions. Later in the day about 600 met eat. around the Lord's Table, which Danish Mission in the Sudan meant that the church building Foreign Magic was almost filled with communi- The eastern part of northern cants alone. If this continues, There are more ways than one Nigeria is alloted to the Danish the building will have to be en- of exploiting the superstitious, branch of the Sudan United Mis- larged. At a recent Sunday half-educated Africans, and here sion, which has worked there for service there were 3,230 in at- is one reported by The Chronia quarter of a century. For a tendance.-Life of Faith. cle, of London. Thousands of adtime growth was so rapid that vertising circulars have poured the home church in Denmark Women Leaders in Kenya into the Congo, introducing forcould not keep up with it; eign "charms," talismen and workers and funds were not A missionary from East Afri- magic. In one packet discovforthcoming. But recently con- ca says that regular evangelistic ered by a missionary and sent ditions in Denmark began to meetings for women have a qual- to the Congo Protestant Counchange; a revival is spreading ity that has been absent hereto- cil, were some pills, a piece of over the country, public opinion fore, because for the past few cheap, red substance with signs towards Christianity and Chris- years the women themselves scratched on it, encased in a red tian work is undergoing a have conducted them. One Afri- silk bag, with leaflets of instrucchange; the means are coming can woman expressed it thus: tion and a "prayer." "Take this forth, the quota allotted has been "Our hearts are warm." These between the thumb and first finraised, and new workers for the meetings are the women's own. ger of your left hand," said one field are volunteering. A doctor They run them, decide where of the leaflets, "look at it kindly, and his wife, a nurse and two they shaH be held, and make all sympathetically, as one regards men, one of them ordained, have the arrangements. To be sure, a person from whom one looks to been accepted for service during there are mistakes made, but receive a favor, and say the folthe past year. some of the gains the missionar- lowing prayer: 'Dear and good ies have been praying for have talisman, in whom I have all con- This change is reflected in the come through the efforts of the fidence, I pray you to aid me by African field. Direct evangelism women themselves. Speakers are all your occult powers to realize is being undertaken by African chosen a week in advance to en- all my projects and desires.' Christians-about 35 at present sure time for prayer and study. (Here you ask for the things -of whom several have wit- you yourself want to obtain.)" nessed so fai.thfully that con- -C. M. S. Outlook. In the effort to stop this traffic gregations of baptized Chris- that trades on the credulity of tians have sprung up in the Sharing Joys at Bibanga the African, the Governor-Genbush. The missionaries depend eral asked the Commission for more and more on their sound Miss Virginia Allen is a the Protection of Natives to conjudgment, learning from them fourth-term missionary at Bi- sider the question of authorizing the best way to present the Gos- banga. She writes in Congo the Postal Service to intercept pel to the African mind. A spe- Mission News of the ever deep- some of this dangerous correscial training course for evange- ening Christian joy of women pondence. But much of it is lists has now been established, and girls, builders of Christian smuggled into the country by which is intended to last three homes. Each Sunday groups of many different routes. years with intervals of one year nine-year-old girls make a point spent in practical work in the of paying her a visit to sing the WESTERN ASIA districts. The Christian Church new songs that Mrs. Kellersbergin this field has about 1,000 bap- er teaches them. Their first vis- Sunday Schools in Bible Lands tized members, with several it surprised her, and in token of hundred more who are being her appreciation she gave each The Sunday school movement prepared for baptism. girl six peanuts and taught them continues to be one of the most Proverbs 3: 5, 6. They came powerful influences in Bible -Life of Faith. every Sunday thereafter, when lands in bringing together in fel- they learnt a few more verses, lowship and cooperation men, Eighty Converts in the Congo ate a few more peanuts, and women and children of different later, the one who knew the most denominations and points of A week's Bible Conference verse~ received a picture. held this year at the Adi Station

view. Last April a rally was type of reading matter in its INDIA AND SIAM held in an ArmeniaI1i Protestant own area. Church in Beirut, Syria, ar- Another Hindu Tribute ranged by the Armenian Sunday Religious Situation in Turkey School Union and to which invi- Several retired judges of tations were sent to children of The death of Ataturk and the Travancore have acknowledged all Arabic-speaking schools and installation of Ismet Inonii have in The Hindu, a daily paper, that of the Anglo-American commun- apparently not altered the reli- Christian missionaries h a v e ity. It took nearly fifteen min- gious situation in Turkey, though played a great part in the progutes for the one thousand chil- it is too soon to know accurately. ress of the Travancore State, dren and their teachers to march There may be a feeling of great- while the Travancore States into the auditorium. The wor- er liberty in the expression of Manual points out that it was ship program consisted of hymns religious sentiments now than English missionaries who initiwith tunes and words familiar during the past few years, and ated English education in that in the three languages, the repe- it is perhaps more common to State, and to them is due the tition of Psalm 23 in the differ- recognize religion as a force; in emancipation of slaves, the up- 'ent languages and prayer offered fact the funeral of the late ruler lift of the depressed classes, the in Arabic~ A tableau presented revealed a passion for dedication opening of hospitals and the by a group of Armenian children to an ideal, and that is essential- spread of education for both represented Christ, the Friend ly religious. men and women. of the children of the world. There has been no change in In the Tranvancore Census -Bible Lands Union. the policies and methods of the Report for 1931, we read: mission institutions, and more What Are Moslems Reading? and more there is a sense among As a result of the philanthropic many leaders that education labor of the missionaries a perceptible Realizing that what Christian does not seem to be enough, and improvement has been effected in the societies publish must be partly that some way of building char- moral and social condition of Dedetermined by what people like acter must be found if the coun- pressed Classes who have come under to read, the Near East Christian try is to continue to go forward. their influence. Their mode of liv- Council asked groups in each ing has changed, their standard of country they serve just what is -Near East Christian living has improved, they are giving being read; just what students CounciL up insanitary habits, are learning were reading aside from text cleanliness and thrift, and are bebooks. The answer was the Iranian Youth ing weaned from the drink evil. same: stories, the great majority being translations. It is be- The annual National Chris- All these opinions are conlieved that Christian publishing tian Youth Conference of Iran firmed by a writer in the Poona houses should take note of this had a spread of almost a thou- Mahratta who said that today and supply good, cheap stories. sand miles, with representatives "25 per cent of the population Next to stories, a lively interest of the Anglican Church, the Ar- are Christians. Out of 11 lakhs in biographies was revealed, menian Protestant Church, and of rupees paid as Government particularly of Moslem heroes the Evangelical (Presbyterian) gran, 9 lakhs are paid to Chrisand Western dictators. Church, meeting together with t ian educational institutions. no thought of denominational The number of churches which As for Christian students, it distinctions. All were Christians, was 300 in 1820 had increased to was found they were devouring although coming from a wide 2700 in 1930." rationalistic works, mostly non- variety of religious b a c k – Christian. The World's Student grounds: Shi'a and Sunni Mos- Preaching to Mohammedans Christian Federation has accord- lem, Jewish, Assyrian, Armeningly formed a committee to ian, Baha'i, Anglican, American, Rev. H. Reynhout, in the Life undertake the publication of lit- Presbyterian, and even Swiss of Faith, describes the method of erature with the Christian view- Evangelical. There were 68 reaching Mohammedans at the point. leaders from seven countries, in- reading room of the Ceylon and cluding two from Shiraz, 534 India General Mission, in My- Inquiries in Cairo revealed miles away, and one from Yezd, sore City, where a weekly lecture that along with the inevitable the first time that this remote is given especially for Mohamnewspaper there is a growing desert city had been represented medans. "An hour before the output of monthly magazines of at the Conference. The program lecture begins the missionaries good standing, with literary in- consisted of addresses and dis- take up their stand on the street terests definitely Arabic and cussions on the theme "The in front of the reading room: it Moslem. There is a large as- Kingdom of God," Bible study is a very busy street, and hunsortment of picture magazines, and recreation. It was inter- dreds of people pass by, of indicating the value of a Chris- esting to hear boys, gesturing whom every fourth or fifth is a vigorously, talk about ways of Mohammedan. tian picture paper. The Council making Christianity effective in intends to ask each Inter-mission various walks of life. "We are well supplied with Council to help in a study of the -Bulletin of Foreign Affairs. Gospels and literature in Urdu, Kanarese and English, and gen- erally offer a tract to our Mo- hammedan friends as they pass.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK 429'

"As the time for the lecture interest to me. His advice, "Render are violent" and that there is approaches, Mohammedans are therefore unto Caesar the things "no need to drink vitamin Band invited to attend. Most of them which are Caesar's, and unto God the beat your wife." pass on with the excuse of busi- things that are God's," is the doctrine ness urgency or a flimsy promise of non-resistance, nonviolence. Gandhi Hindus, Moslems, Christians. to return in five minutes. Usu- is not the originator of non-violence; and the various provincial govally, the lecture begins with only Jesus Christ is. ernments are of one mind in refour or five in attendance, but a gard to exterminating the drink worker remains outside in the What is non-violence? It means evil. However, a Bombay weekhope of attracting others. Some that everything is sacred and all life ly, while heartily commending are busy with tracts, and seeing must be treated with reverence. Let all these efforts to push the camus with literature the crowd no man deal roughly with even the paign against liquor in the same swells, an argument is started weakest and meekest of living crea- issue advertises "high class port, and after considerable urging tures. I look at Jesus not from the brandy and beer." Such adverthe group consents to enter the standpoint of theology but of society. tisements are illegal sin c e reading room. The evangelist If taken seriously, Jesus' unique mes- August 1. has probably finished his lecture, sage could not only save my people but begins a new one for the ben- but it could build the Kingdom of The Church at Chakwal efit of the late-comers. His God on earth. theme is a whole race lost in sin; Chakwal is just a tiny dot on only Jesus Christ, the Son of -Bulletin of Foreign the map of Northern India, but God, can and does save. Mos- Affairs. on the British Empire's map it lems hate the very mention of is a very black dot, having the this; some of the bolder ones Model for U. S. Christians reputation of being the most viojump to their feet and denounce lently criminal spot in Britain's the speaker, others try to silence The Naini Community Church world wide dominions. About him. Finally, the crowd dis- of Allahabad is self-supporting, twenty years ago, the United perses in disorder, some to ar- pays its assessments in advance Presbyterian .Church :proposed gue among themselves outside, and all other obligations prompt- to establish a mission there; some to remain to question the ly. Not only that; it has accu- land was purchased, building missionaries further about the mulated a building fund, with no plans were drawn up. Along Gospel." outside help. It is to some de- came the depression, and the gree self-propagating also, as land remained merely open Ambedkar Interprets Christ baptisms during the past year fields, growing just enough to have included some from non- pay the taxes. The champion of India's de- Christian families. The church pressed classes is not a Chris- supports a worker who sells More than a dozen years later, tian, but he was one of the guest Christian literature. All this is Emma Dean Anderson, after speakers at the annual meeting accomplished by Indian Chris- half a century of mission servof the West India Presbyterian tians, with a very little over- ice in India, chose Chakwal as Mission. Almost apologetically sight on the part of an evange- her retirement home. There, he announced his subject: "The listic missionary. without any European 0 r Bible and the Message of American companion within Christ," adding that his person- -Monday Morning. 60 miles, she settled in, to al interest in the subject led him spend the last three years to speak upon it, and that his No Drinks After Midnight of her seventh decade of life. conclusions were the result of From then on the Church in his own research. Said Dr. One thousand prohibition en- America began to hear about Ambedkar: forcement officers who describe Chakwal, but in her 80th year themselves as "harder than dia- Miss Anderson had to retire The greatness of Jesus can be monds, yet softer than flowers," from her Chakwal retirement proved in two ways: His power to were mobilized July 31 to help and return to America, leaving perform miracles and the uniqueness police shut off Bombay's drink- only a handful of Christians, of His message. Miracles cannot save ing at midnight. In addition to with an Indian pastor conduct- me and my people. But the message this guard an extra 1100 police ing regular services but with no can. Therefore I am not interested in were enrolled, 300 volunteer or- organized congregation. When Jesus' miracles but in His message. ganizations and 200 physical cul- Miss Anderson left she made it Religion to help me must have a social ture institutions offered their her chief responsibility to secure origin and a social purport because services toward making the ex- funds to construct the buildings the burning question before me is, periment a success. planned in the early vision; this "How can I rebuild a doomed society?" promise has been fulfilled, and Is there anything unique in Jesus' The government decree, is- all the buildings planned are message? That is what I want to sued last Feb. 14, advanced a now completed. In addition to know. step further the campaign of church and parsonage there is a Gandhi for national prohibition library and reading room, open The Jews to whom Christ came within three years. to the public. The building op- were an oppressed group. My peo- erations were entirely under ple are an oppressed group; there- There has been an intensive fore Jesus' advice to the multitudes fight over the Bombay edict. The who followed Him becomes of vital wets contended the Indian-fer- mented liquor contains vitamin B and makes for healthier ba- bies. Countering, the prohibi- tionists argued that "drunkards

Christian supervision, and most- them to read, but not giving should know nothing of theologly Christian labor. The man in them anything to read." In ical difIerences. charge of all the work is a re- contrast, he pointed out, "irrece1lt convert from Islam. ligious forces are far ahead of Christians and Refugees the churches on that score, in -United Presbyterian. that they are putting quantities More and more it is being rec- of material in the hands of peo- ognized that the problem of refu- Siam Now Thailand ple they are seeking to convert gees is a Christian, as well as a to their views." Jewish responsibility; and the When we see the names "Thai- -National Lutheran Council. American Committee for Chrisland," and "Thai," in State De- tian German Refugees, 287 partment documents from now Read This Fourth Ave., New York, is findon we are to think of Siam and ing a more generous response to Siamese, for the Department It was brought out at the its appeal. Several churches has decided to adhere to the re- Madras Conference that the in- are assuming direct responsibilcent decision of the Siamese crease in size of the Christian ity in the matter. The Quakers Government to change the name community in the twentieth cen- are opening a haven for refugees of their country. Thailand tury is unparalleled in any sim- -Jewish and Christian – in means land of the Thai (pro- ilar length of time in all Chris- Iowa, and are forming plans to nounced tie); and Thai is the tian history. Not including care for 20,000 refugee children ancient name of the Siamese Roman Catholics, Christian com- if the necessary legislation is people. municants in Negro Africa have enacted by Congress. The Pres- multiplied five-fold; in India byterian Board of National Mis- MISCELLANEOUS three-fold; in parts of Latin sions is appealing to its constit- America seven-fold; in Japan uency for funds and has a rep- Growth Abroad, Decline at five-fold, and doubled in the past resentative rendering personal Home decade; in China five-fold; in service to individual refugees. Chosen seventy-fold; in the The National Council of the It was revealed at the mid- Philippine Islands, where the Protestant Episcopal Church is year meeting of the Foreign Evangelical Church was non- undertaking a similar program. Missions Conference of North existent at the beginning of the America, held in Swarthmore, century, the communicants now Dissent most frequently heard Pa., that Protestant missions number about 200,000, the num- is based on the fear that a have grown rapidly in foreign bers having trebled in the last "horde" of aliens will displace countries, but have fallen off at thirteen years. our own workers, and add to OUr home. According to figures economic ills. It must be requoted, there were, in 1925, However, satisfaction over membered that the refugees 3,565,443 Protestant communi- these figures is tempered by the seeking admission to this country cants in mission lands, and knowledge that population in- are, in the main, people of exslightly more than eight million crease reveals that there are ac- ceptional ability who will build baptized. In 1938, the number tually today far more non- up industries that will furnish of communicants had jumped to Christians in the world than employment to many American six million, and there were thir- there were when the modern workers; and will also increase teen million baptized Protes- missionary enterprise began. the demand for our products of tants. In 1911, there were 351 farm and factory: all this is more ordained missionaries in Medical Council for Missions aside from the Christian considforeign service than there were eration of the emergency. ordained nationals. Last year, After twelve years of effort, there were 10,271 more ordained the Christian Medical Council Testaments for Jews national Christians than mis- for Overseas Work came into besionaries. ing on June 3, 1938. To date, A campaign is under way to about twenty different mission- provide a quarter million New There is one Christian for ary bodies have joined it. The Testaments for Jews in various every 184 people in Asia, one office of this associated mission lands. Efforts are being made for every twenty-eight in Africa, in New York is under the direc- to enlist intercessory prayer on and one for every four in Oce- tion of Dr. J. G. Vaughan, for- the part of 50,000 interested ania. merly a medical missionary to persons. A special Testament is China under the Northern Meth- being prepared in which verses In commenting on the situa- odists, and Dr. E. M. Dodd, once that signify. the fulfilment of tion, Dr. John R. Mott said: a missionary to Persia under Old Testament prophecies ap- the Presbyterian Board. The pear in bold-faced type, making "Less than 30 % of the Protes- Northern Baptist representative plain to the Jews that the New is Dr. P. H. J. Lerrigo, who be- Testament is the completion and tants in the U. S. A. and Canada gan his career as a medical mis- fulfilment of Old Testament revare giving anything at all to for- sionary. He has for many years elation, and that Jesus is the eign missions. There must be been a prime mover in interde- true Messiah and Saviour of an expansion in the financial re- nominational collaboration, be- Jew and Gentile alike. sources." Dr. Mott further de- lieving that medical service clared that "churches are edu- – Watchman-Examiner. cating people in the missionary field but failing to provide them with enough matter to apply this education. They are teaching

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Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I.L~I~I==~========~==========~ The Faith We Declare. By Edwin deals with pursuits which the suggestive pages. The wide use Lewis. $2.00. 236 pp. Cokesbury Press. Nashville. 1939. author is pleased to term "cre- of classical and historical allu- This is a notable book. The ative guests of the ages," consid- sion will appeal to the scholarly, able professor of theology in Dew Theological Seminary has ered in the light of their influ-. and the rather militant social written others of high value, but ence upon the development. of outlook will interest those whose this one impresses us as the best Christianity. The philosophIcal views follow this modern trend. of all. Its chapters were deliv- €red as a series of lectures on the character of the discussion add- It is in its spiritual implication Fondren Foundation at the ed to a rhetorical style, makes that the book is most disappoint- School of Theology of the South- it difficult at points to follow the ing. Absence of the affirmative €rn Methodist University, Dallas. His central theme is that author's reasoning, but there is note is marked. The informed Christianity is not primarily an €thic or a form of social organ- no mistaking the fact that he evangelical will regard the auization, altho'ugh it involves both of these. It is primarily a reli- finds a consistent forward trend thor's thesis as untenable; those gion not developed by man, but revealed by God. It is therefore in thought and morals from the of a speculative cast of mind not to be viewed as a system of philosophy or something to be Babylonian period to the pres- may find interest, but will scarcelogically proved or mathematically demonstrated, but as di- ent. In tracing this evolutionary ly be inspired. For the casual vinely imparted truth to be received by faith and "declared" movement there is little apparent reader, there will be some beas a message from God incarnated in Christ as Redeemer and distinction between the Baby- wilderment over a sentence like Lord. Dr. Lewis is neither a "Fundamentalist" nor a "Mod- lonian sages, the Hebrew proph- this: "If we seek to give to life ernist," although his book will give more satisfaction to the ets and the Greek and Roman and its enterprises, meanings former than to the latter, for he is soundly and conservatively philosophers: Hammurabi, Ja- worthy for humanity, its endowevangelical. There are a few criticisms of the modern church cob, Moses, Isaiah, Socrates, ments, its advisements, its inherwhich we think are too severe; but the volume as a whole is a Marcus Aurelius, Paul and Au- itances, and its hopes; then stubclarion call to the followers of Christ to emphasize "The Faith gustine each make their contri- born ineluctable as the contem- We Declare" as the only hope of a distracted world. bution. It is not that the prophets poraneous world is, it is not be- ARTHUR J. BROWN. are lightly esteemed or the Baby- yond our power to charge with Christianity and the Creative Quests. lonian inscriptions elevated to noble and fructifying meaning." By Gaius Glenn Atkins. 232 pp. $2.00. Cokesbury Press, Nashville, equality with the Scriptures, but HUGH R. MONRO. Tenn. 1939. the unique and inspired charac- The Missionary Significance of the The author, a well known ter of the Hebrew record is ap- Lord's Prayer. By Dr. Lee S. Huipreacher and professor of theol- parently not taken into account. zenga. 85 pp. 75 cents. Wm. B. ogy, gave these Cole Lectures at Vanderbilt University in 1938. There is insistence upon intel- Eerdmans Co., Grand Rapids. 1939. The title provides an accurate guide to its contents for the book lectual integrity in dealing with Dr. Huizenga has been a med- ical missionary in China during the Scriptures, but an implica- a long life; and he writes from tion that reason shall determine his own experience. This is not how much of the record is wor- an attempt to force a well-worn thy of acceptance. Quite as in- passage of Scripture into a novel conclusive is the extended dis- pattern for novelty's sake; it is cussion of moral and spiritual rather the ripened meditation of authority, where again we are a man who has for years offered left to conclude that the sole the Lord's Prayer from a mis- norm is that of human judgment. sionary's heart. In this prayer The possibility that the Biblical the doctor finds (1) the basis of record may have an inherent au- our missionary expansion; (2) thority, real and demonstrable, is nowhere suggested; it is im- the method of our missionary ex- pansion; (3) the way to keep fit plied that those who adhere to such a view are credulous and for missionary work; and (4) lacking in perspective. By these the ultimate aim of missions. The basis of missions is the fa- standards faith in the authority therhood of God, the family life of the Bible and intellectual in- of all believers. The method is tegrity are apparently consid- found to be adoration, recogni- ered incompatible.

The book, however, has many tion of God and His Kingdom, [431 ]

and obedience to His sovereign trays. The author is peculiarly the world today for the frightwill. Keeping fit is accomplished fitted for his task by intimate ful results of the transgression through God's providing for, knowledge, by deep devotion, by of the law of God. The book is pardoning and keeping us. The patience in research and by lit- worth reading, especially if read ultimate aim is of course the erary skill. He shows the late in the light of the New Testaglory of God. Not only mission- distinguished president of Un- ment Gospel of love, mercy, and aries but others may find in this ion Seminary, Virginia, to have forgiveness. little devotional book much that been eminent as a scholar, inis spiritually illuminating. spiring as a teacher, impressive Lucy W. PEABODY. as a preacher and wise as an KENNETH J. FOREMAN. administrator. Dr. Moore will The Christian Faith in a Day of long be remembered as one of Crisis. By Charles S. Macfarland. The Story of Chung Mei. By Charles the most dignified, beloved and 226 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell R. Shepherd. Illus. 264 pp. $2.00. influential leaders in the Ameri- Co. New York. The Judson Press, Philadelphia. can Presbyterian Church. This 1938. sympathetic, careful and com- If one is unable to read the prehensive biography will aid numerous volumes pouring from Here is a thrilling story of immeasurably in making this the press interpreting the relipersonal heroism, faith overcom- memory as abiding as it is pre- gious situation, this book will ing obstacles, and consecration cious. give a helpful sense of direction of life to the service of needy toward understanding the curboys. It is a graphic .portrayal CHARLES R. ERDMAN. rent trends in religious life and written in the first person, of the theological thinking. The mounhistory of Chung Mei Home in The Meaning of War. By James W. tain peaks on the horizon stand San Francisco, California. Johnson. 60 pp. 75c. Fleming H. out so prominently that one can Revell Co. 1939. discern them readily without In the early days of Charles being lost in the less important Shepherd's service among the This brief statement, in five aspects of the scene. Chinese on the Pacific Coast he chapters, written in part after discovered that one of the un- the World War by a Christian Among the speciaL interests met needs of the people was for business man, will be read with which have enlisted Dr. Macfara boys' home to care for orphans, interest by those who are watch- land's attention are the Barthian half-orphans, foundlings, and ing the threats of war which theology and the reaction to it in boys from broken homes. Lim- now confront the world. "liberal" circles; the movement ited financial resources, racial for Christian unity; the social prejudice, lack of suitable physi- With much of the author's outreach of the Church; the curcal equipment for such an enter- vivid statement, all will agree. rent expressions of mysticism; prise, presented serious obsta- Chapter Two–"The Reason for and the significance and inadecles. Confident in his faith "that War" presents not only the well quacy of humanism. God never calls an individual to known reasons from the human a task which is impossible" the side, but presents them as only S. M. CAVERT. author persisted, overcoming reasons in part. He states his disappointment aft e r disap- own theory that war is the re- The Acts of the Apostles. Outline pointment, until finally his sult of sin and carries on this Studies in Primitive Christianity. dream was realized in the thesis to Chapter Three-"True By W. H. Griffith Thomas. 93 pp. Chung Mei Home. Basis for Enduring Peace." The 30 cents. Moody Bible Institute fourth chapter presents "Wrath Colportage Assn. Chicago. 1939. Under the able leadership of of Man-Love of God" and the Dr. Shepherd, the boys succeed- fifth "The Signs of Promise." An outstanding, conservative ed in raising money to purchase The book closes with an earnest Bible scholar and teacher gave a beautiful building site in EI prayer for the nations. us before his death this compact Cerrito, but the "depression" outline of the Acts in a series of made it impossible for mission- There can be no question as to fifty-eight studies. Richly sugary organizations to appropriate the argument that war is the gestive but not exhaustive, each the money necessary for the result of sin and that the only study includes an analytical outnew building. The story of how basis for enduring peace is the line of the passage, a topical outfaith enabled them to overcome conversion of mankind. But line of the principles involved, their disappointment is thrilling. those who believe that the wages and the practical application of Its reward is seen in Chung of sin is death under the law these principles in the life of to- Mei's new home at EI Cerrito. of God may not accept the au- day. The student is thus guided thor's statement that war is to a knowledge of the divine JOHN N. THOMAS. God's direct infliction of pun- record. In Bible study classes ishment, like a father's chastise- and as the basis of prayer meet- Life and Letters of Walter W. ment of a wayward son. The ing talks, these studies in Apos- Moore. By J. Gray McAllister. fact that those who suffer most tolic church history, historical pp. 576. $2.50. Union Theologi- extension, and spiritual expan- cal Seminary, Richmond, Virginia. in war are innocent would pre- sion should bring new life, spir- 1939. clude this theory, though none itual quickening and a mission- ary zeal to the church of today. It is enough to affirm that this could deny the responsibility of biography is worthy of the pure GORDON A. CURTIS. and princely character it por-

Books Moslem station they were transferred Children Successfally Educated ••• AT

to Urumia, to take eharge of the Believers and Builders in Europe. evangelistic work of all of the Calvert School world..famoul home 8tudy plan rive. Emma Parker Maddry. 167 pp. 50 churches in Urumia and Kurdistan, cents. Broadman Press. Nash- extending west to the Tigris River t .uperior education to thousands of children not near l'ood ville. and including Mosul. They served there for about 18 years then Mr. echoola or unable to attend IChooL Complete COUIles The Coming Great Northern Confed- Coan was placed in charge of the edu- for each era"de. All books. materials and eracy. L. Sale-Harrison. 88 pp. cational work of the Mission, and was teacher euidance included. Enthusiasticallyen- lB. Pickering & Inglis. London. made President of Urumia College. dorsed by educators and parents. Low cost. Write today for free catalor. State c:hild~1!I Il'e" Cycle of Prayer and Praise. 100 pp. Dr. William*H.* Ph*elps, editor of 6d. S. P. G. London. CALVERT SCHOOL. 189 E. T….II1Id., Balmre, Mol. the Michigan Christian Advocate for The Good Seed. Report of the Meth- 19 years, died June 23 in Detroit. He Home Missions Day at the odist Church of Australia. 72 pp. is succeeded by Rev. John E. Marvin, World's Fair, Epworth Printing and Publishing for three years associate editor of the House. Sydney, Australia. Advocate. September 1, 1939 Heralds of Salvation. Frank Gren- The Rev. Ge*org*e P*. Pierson, D.D., To dramatize for the public ville Beardsley. 218 pp. $1.25. the Home Mission work of the American Tract Soc. New York. for forty years a Presbyterian mis- present day, the Council of Wom- sionary to Japan, died in Philadelphia en for Home Missions and Home An Hour with Jonathan' Goforth, on August 1st at the age of seventy- Missions Council will cooperate Adoniram Judson, J. Hudson Tay- eight. Dr. and Mrs. Pierson, who was in presenting three ,programs at lor. 17 pp. 10 cents each. Zon- formerly Miss Ida Goepp, returned the World's Fair on September dervan Pub. House. Grand Rapids. from Japan ten years ago and were first. honorably retired. Mrs. Pierson died Pueblo Indian Religion. Vol. I and in 1937. He was the son of the late The critical national problem II. Elsie Clews Parsons. 1275 Rev. David H. Pierson and Caroline of the Migrant laborerS who pp. $7.00. University of Chicago Peck Pierson of Elizabeth. Dr. Pier- h a r v est the crops will be Press. Chicago. son was a greatly loved and honored stressed i-a prominent pIa c e missionary who was engaged in effec- will also be given to the coopera- The Qur'an. Vol. II. Richard Bell. tive evangelistic work in the Island of tive Christian work for Indian $6.00. 698 pp. Scribner. New Kokkaido, Northern Japan. Americans; the story of the in- York. terdenominational enterprises in Dr. O. C. C*raw*for*d, Presbyterian communities where the great A Quiver of Sunbeams. Alfred H. government dams have been C. Morse. $1.50. 183 pp. Cokes- missionary since 1900 in Soochow, built and the religious needs of bury Press. New York. China, died on July 22nd. He was rural and city underprivileged. born in Brownsville, Pa., fifty-nine The Resurrection of the Old Roman years ago, attended Waynesburg Col- Music, addresses and dramatic Empire. L. Sale-Harrison. 128 lege and the Western Theological sketches will emphasize the pp. lB. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Seminary. Dr. Crawford translated Christian life-conserving work London. the Gospel of St. Mark into phonetic throughout the United States. Chinese script, and was on the com- Refugee Facts. 24 pp. American mittee which revised the New Tes- The program for the day includes Friends Service Council. Phila. tament into Soochow dialect. the following: Redemptive Purpose. (Report of the The Rev. H*erm* an* Carl Weber, Moving Pictures – General Motors Mission to Lepers, 1938). 32 pp. Auditorium-10: 30 to 12 A.,M. 6d. Mission to Lepers. London. editor of the "Year Book of American Churches," died on July 25th of a 1. The Church Ministers to Indian Die Religiose Lage Japans in Der heart ailment at East Orange, New Americans. (First showing.) Gegenwart. Gerhard Rosenkranz. Jersey. Dr. Weber was born at Mina, 2. Uncle Sam Builds Dama-Inter- 19 pp. Ostasien Mission. Berlin- Chautauqua County, N. Y., on Feb- denominational work in com- Steglitz. ruary 9, 1873, the son of Jacob and munities where government Sarah Phifer Weber. He took his dams have been built. (First Salt Streak. Florance Walton Taylor. A. B. degree from Rutgers College, showing.) : 280 pp. $2.00. Revell. New York. studied at the New Brunswick (N. J.) 3. Gipsies of the Crops-Life of the Theological Seminary. Albany Col- Migrant laborers. ' Through Other People's Eyes- lege, Oregon, made him a Doctor of A Play. Margaret Crowe. 15 pp. Divinity. 4. Even in this Day and. Age- 2d. S. P. G. London. Need for the Church to reach Dr. Weber began his ministry as the unreached millions of a Von Japan Will Ich Euch Erzahlen. pastor of the Reformed Church of great city. (Harmon Founda- Gerhard Rosenkranz. Illus. 28 West Farms, in the Bronx (1898 to tion film.) pp. Ostasien Mission. Berlin-Steg- 1902); for four years was an assist- litz. ant pastor in the Collegiate (Dutch) 2: 00-4: 00 P. M.-Court of Peace. Reformed Church and became pastor Address by Dr. Mark A. Dawber, Wings and Sky. Martha Snell Nich- of the Edgewood Reformed Church, olson. 28 pp. H. W. Nicholson. Brooklyn. From 1912 to 1918 he was "New Tasks for Old." Problems Wilmington, Calif. pastor of the Park Branch of the of rural life and plight of share- First Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn. croppers. Das Wunder der Kirche Under den Mayor La Guardia is expected to Volkern der Erde. (Report of From 1919 to 1925, he was associate speak on, "Religion as a Solution Tambaram Conference). Various director of field work of the New Era for Some of our City Problems." Authors. R. M. 1. Evangelische Movement of the Presbyterian Church Special musical numbers. Missionsverlag. Stuttgart. and later director of the Mobilization Department of the General Council. 7: 00-9: 30 P. M.-Court of Peace. Zonya-Daughter of Abraham. Ag- He was president of the United Stew- Young Indian Americans will fur- nes Scott Kent. 313 pp. $1.50. ardship Council of the United States nish music and Dr. Thomas Jesse Evangelical Publishers. Toronto. and Canada in 1936 and 1937. Jones, of the Phelps-Stokes Fund will speak on, "Sharing American Obituary Notes Dr. Weber was the author of "Pres- Progress with American In- byterian Statistics Through One Hun- dians." (Concluded from second cover.) dred Years," "Evangelism-A Graph- ic Survey" and "The Every Member Mrs. Frederick G. Coan, retired Canvass, Pocket Books' or People." missionary of the Presbyterian Mission in Iran, died in Claremont, Calif., June 24. Following her marriage to Rev. F. G. Coan in 1885, she sailed with him for Persia. After a brief period of service at an Armenian-

the quarter, including July, August, and Sep-

tember, THE UPPER ROOM showed a gain of 75,000 in circulation over the same period last ),ellJ".

+ ldUch to us is conclusive proof that + tbe Room r. Upptr tiltall" -essential 'to 'the aevotional ana spiritualli/e 0/ America Prom the beginning THE UPPER ROOM has im- pressed its users with the fact that it is the best year tlro.,,4 daily devotional guide. Meditations are planned and prepared for special seasons and occasions, but the material for er1ery 4ay i" the year is maintained at th~ highest standard of spiritual value.

The October, November, December issue is oft' the press and ready for shipment. Pastors and other group leaders are urged to place an order at once sufficient for their needs. Single copies are 10 cents, postpaid. rI'en or more copies to one address, postpaid at 5 cents each. Annual subscription, 30 cents, postpaid; foreign, 40 cents. Remember, all unsold and unused copies ma), be returned for credit at our expense.

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The Missionary Review of the World — January 1938

1938

Influence of Christ in History Kenneth Scott Latourette From Mine-Boy to Moderator Life and Character of John McDowell Modern Dem~nds for Foreign Missions Charles E. Maddrj The Missionary Message for Today – Julius Richter Medical Work in Arabia w. Harold Stonn The Bible and Koran Contrasted E. w. G. Hudgell Christian Morale in War-Tom ,China Frank W. Price 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember wealth, religion

January 2-9-Universal Week of All Missionaries Try to and other topics. Some of these Prayer. Follow the Nevius Methods ideals which made him success- January 4-6 – Foreign Missions Con- But many miss the dynamic of them ful are: ference, Toronto, Can. an. which is I have always indulged the hope January 9-12 – Annual Meeting of BIBLE EMPHASIS that I should be able to establish effi- the Home Missions Council and t~e The Korean Presbyterian Church has ciency in giving, so that wealth may be of greater use to the present and 'i Council of Women for Home MIS- gained 180,640 new believers net in futu-re generations. sions Marble Collegiate Church, 9 years. This is the equivalent of New'York City. 70 new parishes of 300 believers ••• every year. Last year it had: January 11-I4-General Missionary One of the most important. of the Council Methodist E pis cop a I 2,844 Week-Long Bible Classe•• elements which go to make up ~ivilh:a­ Church, South, Savannah, Ga. (178,315 attending.) tion is the progress of moralIty and January 12-lnter-seminary Confer- 10,000 in Bible Correlpondence. the Christian religion. ence on Human Relations, ChicH¥o 844,268 in Sunday Schools. But I am never a pessimist–I never Round Table of Jews and Chris- 55,075 iu Bible D. V. B. S. despair. I believe in man and the tians, Chicago. brotherhood of man and am confident 4,509 in tHO Week Bible Institutes. that in the end everything will come. January 19-An~ual ~eetin~, Anier-. Read ti.e Story in the New Boo" out for the good of all. iean Waidensian AId SocIety, St. Nicholas Collegiate Church, New "THE NEVIUS PLAN FOR MISSION Do all the good you can. WORK IN KOREA" (370 pages). Be earnest. . York City. . Do not be afraid to work. By CHA.RLES A.LLEN CLARK, Ph.D•• D.D. January 19-Feb~uary 18-FI<?ri~a (35y….. inKorea) Persevere. If you make a mistake, Chain of MissIonary Assemblies In remember that it is human to err. 15 centers, beginning at Deland and CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY. Try again and try harder. ending in Tallahassee. Seoul, Korea. postpaid, • – – – ·Y5.00 Sons of wealthy parents have not January 31-February 6 – Founder's E. C. HEINZ, the ghost of a chance compared with Week Conference, Moody Bible In- 3624 5th Ave. S., Minneapolis, Minn., boys who came from the country with stitute, Chicago. postpaid, – – • – • – – – – – $2.00 the determination to do something in February 9-: Annual. M.eeting, Mis- 1927, she taught at Huping Agricul- this world. sionary ReVIew PublIshmg Co., New tural Normal School. . Live within your means. One of York. the swiftest toboggans I know of is •*• for a youn,' man just starting in life March 4 – World Day of Prayer. to get into debt. Rev. Yaroo M. Neesan. in charge of the Assyrian Episcopal Church in A clear conscience is worth more Flint, Mich., died in November at the and is a greater comfort than is a age of 84. He was born in Iran, at- great fortune. Obituary Notes tended a Presbyterian School at Mar- There is nothing in the world that gawar and at 21 was selected by the can compare with Christian fellow- Mr. Marshall Broomhall, who had America)l Bible Society to sell Bibles ship; nothing that can satisfy but been connected with the China I~la~d in Assyrian, Arabic, Hebrew, Persian Christ. Mission for nearly fifty years, died In and Turkish-all tongues which he England on' October 24th, in his 72d spoke fluently. He was a man of keen If you use year. He was a nephew of th~ la~e intellect, rich background of experi- Hudson Taylor and went to China In ence and unusual Christian character. PRINTING 1890. In 1900 he was appointed Edi- torial Secretary of the Missi~n, which ••• YOU Will profit from an ac- position he filled with effiCIency for quaintanceship with us. We twenty-seven years, until his health Dr. Chas. W. Gordon, better known do the Job complete in our own compelled him to re~ire. La~r" he r~­ as Ralph ConnQr, died at his home in plant, whether it be large or sumed the editorshIp of Ch'tna 8 Md- Winnipeg, on October 31st at the age smalL lions and wrote a lar~E! n~mber. of of 77. Dr. Gordon won fame as the valuable books on missIOns In Chma. author of "The Sky Pilot" and other While our specialty is Boob, popular stories of missionary work MagatiftU and Pamphletl, yet ••• and life in the Canadian Northwest. we have a variety of modern He was the son of the late Daniel and equipment to meet all the ~ Dr. R. A. Hutchison, for thirty Mary Robertson Gordon. He was born quireanentl of your particular years General Secretary of ,the Board in Indian lands, Glen County, On- job. You will find our eervice of American Missions, United Pres- tario, September 13, 1860. His father prompt, careful and courteous. byterian Church, died in Pittsburgh, was the missionary of the Free Pennsylvania, on December 11th, of a Church of Scotland and after the son Will you allow UI to estimate heart attack. Dr. Hutchison was was graduated from Knox College, on your neztprintingl We be- born seventy-five years ago and after Toronto, he became a missionary to lieve you will be delighted with being graduated from Monmouth Col- the lumber, railroad and mining camps our product, price and service. lege and Xenia Theological Seminary, at Banff. In 1894 he became pastor Ohio, became pastor of the First Unit- of St. Stephen's Presbyterian Church The EVANGELICAL PRESS ed Presbyterian Church at Altoona, in Winnipeg and in 1921 was moder- Pa. He was moderator of the Gen- ator of the Canadian Presbyterian Print",. of eral Assembly of his church in 1926. General Assembly. T.M Mulionary Revie", of the W Ot'ld ••* John D. Rockefeller's Philosophy PLANT AND MAIN OrneE . Mrs. Mary B. Hoy, a missionar~ in ThIrd ad Reily SIr…. Hao.." " , .. Japan and China for the Evangelical The late John D. Rockefeller,. and Reformed Church for more than Baptist layman and founder of a half century, died at Hankow, the Standard Oil Co.,. at various China, Nov. 5, in her seventy-fifth times made known his views of year. She help~d to found the girls' school now known as Miyagi College. .In 1900, Mrs. Hoy established the girls' school at Yochow, China, and later devoted herself to women's work at Huping. After Dr. Hoy's death in

MISSIONARY the condition of war in China making PARENTS

REVIEW OF THE WORLD it unwise to plan for it in Hangchow. In the Foreign Mission Field DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor The special Home Mission Study Number (June) will deal with Christ Endorse Calvert School VOL. LXI JAN., 1938 No.1 and American Cities; the Foreign Home Study Courses Mission Study Number (October) Publication and Business Otll.ce– will deal with the important topic: For Children Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. The Christian Cwmpaign in India. Calvert School, through its Home Instruc- Editorial and Executive Otll.ce– In the other months THE REVIEW tion Department, will give your child a 156 B'ltth Avenue, New York City. covers the world, home and foreign, superior elementary education … by mail, Entered as second-class matter at and keeps our readers in touch with regardless of where you may live. Mod- the main current events and mission- ern, approved courses from this famous Post 01flce, Harrisburg, Pa., under ary problems, great personalities, the school are being used by parents all .over Act of March 3, 1!l79. progress of mission work, the unoccu- the world with outstanding success. pied or neglected field, the best meth- 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. ods for promoting interest and the Give your children the advantages of these Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. current missionary literature. interesting lessons, carefully chosen books, Publisbed monthly, except August. and attractive materials. Instruction is All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1937. *** under the personal guidance of teachers in B"ltlsh agents – Marsball, Morgan Calvert's prominent and successful private and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, One reader writes: "There is no day school in Baltimore. London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, piece of literature that I get that has 10 shillings a year. great value as a source of illustra- Write today for booklet of complete in- tions of what the Gospel is doing right formation. Costs are low. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- now in our world than that section of LISHING CO., INC. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE CALVERT SCHOOL , WORLD called 'Our World-Wide Out- BOARD OF DIREC'l'ORS look.' "-W. E. Forsythe, Caledonia, IBOW. Tuscany Road Mo. ROBERT E. SPEER, PreSident Baltimore '<- Maryland A. L. WARNSHUIS, Vice-President Personal Items ican Board of Commissioners for For- VALTER MCDoUGALL, ~,J.1rea8urer Dr. Conrad Hoffmann began his eign Missions in West Africa for duties with the Board of National nearly 20 years has become director DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary Missions of the Presbyterian Church, of Lincoln Academy, Kings Mountain, U. S. A., in charge of Jewish Evan- N. C., a work conducted under the PAUL J. BRAISTED gelization, on SeptemJer 1. Dr. Hoff- auspices of the American Missionary SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT mann will give nine months to this Association. Kings Mountain is called work, and by a special arrangement "The Negro Northfield" and is a D. J. FANT the remaining three months will be boarding school for Negro boys and MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD spent in Europe on behalf of the work girls. In the summer the campus is of the International Committee on the used for conferences. WM. B. LIPPHARD Christian Approach to the Jews. ERIC M. NORTH *** SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Dr. and Mrs.* Fr*ed *MacCallum are Dr. William E. Doughty, formerly Editorial Chat retiring after 40 years' work under one of the secretaries of the Laymen's the American Board in Turkey. They Missionary Movement and later of The New Year dawns with many plan to spend their remainin'" years the Near East Relief, has been made clouds overhead and on the horizon, in the Levant. One son is a mission- Grand Commander of the Greek Order but the sun still shines-the Sun of ary in Constantinople; a daughter is of the Phoenix in recognition of his Righteousness-on the world of time college librarian in Smyrna. twenty years of service to the people and nature that God made, and on the of Greece and the Near East refugees. world of men whom Christ came to *** The decoration was conferred by the save. The Editor and the Board of Greek Minister to the United States. Directors extend their very hearty Dr. and Mrs. John E. Merrill, Christian greetings to all the readers American Board missionaries at AKEEN That priceless of THE REVIEW and to the mission- Aleppo, Syria, have retired from ac- possession is aries and Christians in every nation, tive service. Through four decades race and tongue. There is evidently they have interpreted the Christian within YOUT more need than ever to spread the missionary spirit among churches of Good News of the love of God and the Cilicia and Syria. MEMORY reach! Follow salvation offered through Christ. This the simple, sen~ is the work for which THE REVIEW *** sible rules in was established sixty years ago and for which it is conducted today. We Dr. D. C. Henry is one of the mis- "HOW TO MEMORIZE" work and pray together for this end. sionaries of the United Presbyterian By Dr. William Evans Church still able to live and work in *** Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Mrs. Henry The Possibilities of the Memory, and her children have received per- Principles of Memory Training, and A new Director has been elected to mission to return. step by step instruction on the fun~ THE REVIEW Board to take the place damentals of application. of our beloved friend and fellow work- *** er of many years, the late Dr. Wil- Many gladly paid $5.00 for this liam I. Chamberlain. The new Direc- The Rev. Mark A. Dawber, D.D., material in a correspondence coUrse. tor is the Rev. Paul J. Braisted, Ph.D., Superintendent of Town and Country Now compiled in a single volume the recently appointed Secretary of Work of the Methodist Episcopal bound in handsome cloth covers, the Student Volunteer Movement. It Board of Home Missions, has been gilt stamping, 95 pages, complete is especially fitting that Dr. Braisted elected Executive Secretary of the for 75c. and 6c. postage. should serve the missionary cause. Home Missions Council to succeed the through THE REVIEW since his wife, Rev. William R. King, D.D., who is BIBLE INSTITUTE COLPORTAGE ASS'N Ruth Wilder Braisted, is the grand- resigning because of serious illness. daughter of Royal G. Wilder who Dr. King has been the efficient and 848 N. Wells St. Chicago, Illinois founded THE REVIEW and owned and loving Executive Secretary of the edited it for ten years. Dr. Braisted Council for the past ten years. is a graduate of Brown University and served as a Baptist missionary in *** India and Burma for about ten years. Dr. Henry McDowell, a colored *** missionary working under the Amer- Our year's program includes a num- [ 1] ber of articles preparatory to the next International Missionary Conference to be held in Madras next December,

by kind permission of the London Missionary Society

AN AFRICAN'S AWAKENING INTEREST IN THE HOPE OF THE WORLD REVIE ORLD VOLUME LXI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 1 JANUARY, 1938 Tapies of the Times CLOSED AND OPEN DOORS labor warfare and anti-religious activity in some Looking back over the past year we see many circles. Mexico is still holding doors closed against missionary activity from outside countragedies, disappointments, lost opportunities and tries but is easing up on regulations against the doors closed or closing to the messengers of Christ right of religious assembly. Other Latin Amerand to true religious liberty. There is Korea and ican countries still seethe with unrest but open the Japanese effort to force Christians to take part in obeisance at Shinto shrines; there is conflicts are prevented by strong men in power. China, with the Japanese invasion, bombing of All over the world the greatest obstacle to the hospitals, schools and villages, the diversion of progress of Christian life and activity is in the lifeless or lukewarm churches, that have "a name money and life from a constructive program and to live but are dead," and in the divided, lifeless the efforts to destroy a truly efficient Chinese government; there is Japan with its strong mili- and stony-hearted Christians who are so only in name. The scandals on Christendom are always taristic party in control and their determined the greatest obstacles to Christian progress. effort to stifle freedom of thought and expression on the part of the people. There is Iran where But on the other hand, all is not dark and lifethe shah, Riza Pahlavi, has made himself dictator less as we look back nor as we look forward to the and is clamping down on religious freedom and New Year. What gloriously bright gleams there on all effort to oppose his selfish and narrow- have been in the faithful Christian life and testiminded program. There is Palestine, with the mony in every land – in Japan and Chosen in bitter conflict between Arabs and Jews and the spite of government regulations; in China in the still unwelcome British proposal to make separate midst of invasion, bombings and death; in India Moslem and Jewish states. There is Turkey, with where political strife has brought unrest and "units more enlightened dictator but prohibiting the touchables" are seeking social and religious freeteaching of religion to all youth under eighteen, dom; in Iran, Arabia, and Mesopotamia where thus handicapping the home and the school, the Christians are constantly being born in the midst mosque and even the Church. There is Russia, of fanaticism and in spite of bitter opposition; with its increasingly materialistic program, its in many parts of Africa where the Christian atheistic rules and its anti-Christian propaganda Church is growing through the work of African and its "purging" of the country by the death of Christians; in Germany where Evangelical pasleaders suspected of being antagonistic to the tors and people are ready to suffer imprisonment Stalin government. There is Germany and the for conscience sake; in Great Britain and Europe Nazi government seeking to control the Church, where Christians from all the world and all Protintroduce pagan traditions and worship and to estant and Eastern churches united in brotherly stifle faith in the historic Church and obedience to conference to bring better understanding and Almighty God. There is Spain with its homicidal closer fellowship in faith, life and work. In North strife, the interruption of Christian life and work, America the results of the Preaching Mission and the closing of some partly opened doors by com- Christian Youth Movements are still felt and are munistic, Roman Catholic and military activity, building for the future. In Mexico the evangelical and the impoverishment of the country. In North work goes forward, carried on by Mexican Chris- America there are tragedies in economic life, with tians among the youth and even among the 801- [3]

diers. In Central and South America the Gospel It will continue to prove true in Spain, in Russia, light also shines brightly in many obscure corners. Chile reports effective evangelism among soldiers in Ethiopia and in China. The only way to end and sailors and Indians; Brazil has Evangelical war by murderous warfare is to exterminate all self-supporting churches with over a thousand opponents; even then new antagonists will arise members each. After all, the most effective work and attempt to put down the victor who depends of Christ is carried on not in dramatic ways in on physical force to maintain his supremacy. great assemblies, but through the power of the Spirit of God shining out of individual lives in the A "war to end war" is rightly ridiculed today. homes, the churches and the communities in each It is as futile as is Japan's campaign to cure country. Chinese unfriendliness by a murderous invasion of Chinese territory. You cannot cure hatred by But what of the doors of service for Christ that hatred, or overcome evil with evil. It is nineopen out into the new year? Was there ever teen years since "peace" was declared in Europe; greater opportunity to show what Christ can and the Treaty of Versailles was signed by conflicting will do to set right this disordered world, if only nations; the World War was supposedly brought His followers are ready to leave all and follow to an end; the victors thought that they had been Him? What might not this new year – with able to make it unprofitable, if not impossible, for Christ – show in the establishment of peace in Germany, Austria and Turkey ever again to con- China and Spain; of religious freedom in Japan, sider renewing the conflict. They were believed Chosen, Iran, Arabia, Turkey, Russia, Mexico and to be too weak to take revenge. Germany; in producing the fruits of education, brotherhood and justice in Egypt, Ethiopia and Jesus Christ came with a message of peace to other parts of Africa; in promoting political the world and showed the way to establish and peace in Latin America, and economic peace and maintain goodwill among men. He gave His spiritual revival in North America? life to make peace between men and God and to establish the rule of love, and yet how little we This coming year offers new and rich opportu- have shown our desire for peace and goodwill. nities in the World Missionary Conference at There are still conflicts not only between men of Madras next December; in the coming student different nations, but also between those of differrevival meetings in American colleges; in the ent races, social and economic strata and ideas! revitalizing of churches, Christian organizations and institutions all over the world, but most of all We hate war and yet there are things worse in the opportunity to open individual hearts and than war-even worse than armed conflict and lives to the power and control of the indwelling death. Dishonor, disobedience to the laws of Christ. "Behold I have set before thee an open God, and cruel disregard of human rights are door and no man can shut it. . . . If any man worse than war. A truly righteous and strong hear my voice and open the door, I will come in government must endeavor to put down lawlessto him." ness, even by the use of force. "The powers that be are ordained of God." As long as thugs and "THE WAR TO END WAR" thieves ply their trades, armed police are neces- sary-locally, nationally or internationally. Such There probably never was a period in the his- a condition is not ideal ana does not make for tory of mankind when so much thought and lasting peace, but lawlessness should be made unmoney was being spent on warfare, past, present profitable. and future, as there is today – nineteen hundred years after the coming of the Prince of Peace. There is only one way to end war and that is Instead of peace and goodwill among men, there to establish the rule of love, to disarm the mind are murderous conflicts going on in Spain and and heart by taking away men's desire to fight China and more are threatened in Europe, Asia, one another. There is only one way truly to Africa and in the Americas. There were many conquer an enemy and that is to make him a who believed that the great World War was such friend. We are "more than conquerors" when a deadly and decisive conflict that "civilized" we overcome evil with good. This can be brought nations in future would be persuaded to settle to pass when men give their full allegiance to their disputes without arms. But a "war to end Him who loved us. war" is an idle dream. It is no homeopathic remedy; no inoculation that prevents taking the We hate war and yet there is war in which we disease in worse form. Warfare unleashes human believe. It is a warfare that is in full harmony passions; it stimulates greed, hatred and a desire with the Spirit of Christ and with the Will of for revenge. This has been proved by the course God. It is the Christian war against all evil- .of events in Germany, Turkey and Latin America. the war against selfishness and greed; against hatred and cruelty; against crime and lawless- ness; against intemperance and lust; against sickness and ignorance and degrading poverty.; against godlessness and all forms of evil

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Men are belligerent by nature. Little children, churches in which they are reported as members.

as soon as they want something they do not His statements as to the decline of Protestantism possess, or find that someone else stands in the in America may not be wholly correct but it is way, fight their battles with a cry, with words, clear to anyone who investigates the facts that or a blow. But children and adults can be taught church and Sunday school attendance and vital a better way than to overcome by physical war- interest in Christian life and service have not pro- fare. There is a conquest by love, by truth and gressed but have declined,-especially in the by surrender. To "fight the good fight of faith," larger ecclesiastical bodies.

we need only courage and the whole armor of Some of the reasons for this d~cline may be God. The moral equivalent of war is the fight briefly stated: against evil, within and without. It is the fight for truth and for righteousness; the battle to 1. Decline of religious interest and responsibility carry out the loving Will of God. This is the in the homes. "war that will end war." When love takes the place of hate, and good takes the place of evil, 2. Increase of rationalism and materialism in the Kingdom of God will be manifest on earth. schools and colleges.

3. Increase of worldliness and self-indulgence in social life, with evidences of insincerity or IS RELIGION DECLINING IN AMERICA? hypocrisy in many professing Christians. 4. Indifference ·to spiritual things on the part of It is difficult to compare one generation with many in the church and out. This is fos- another. Statistics do not tell the whole story- tered by unwholesome fiction, theatricals and as to crime, customs, religious faith or Christian motion pictures.

progress. Each man's vision and information is 5. Increasing ignorance of God and lack of vital limited, especially in spiritual matters. Only God faith among young and old. The Bible is can know man's heart and only He can judge sadly neglected and misunderstood. rightly. Nevertheless air currents, weather vanes, barometers, social investigations, vital statistics 6. Absence of vital spiritual preaching of the and church attendance reveal some conditions and Word of God and lack of effective Christian tendencies. They are worth considering carefully. service in many churches.

There are some conditions in America that are 7. Lack of unity among Christians and failure to show true brotherly love among those of encouraging and there are also tendencies that are disturbing-politically, economically, socially and different classes, denominations and races. religiously. These tendencies downward should be studied carefully and corrected wherever pos- Christian leaders need to recognize these spirsible. Among the disturbing factors are those itual ailments and we should all earnestly and that indicate dependence on physical force rather prayerfully seek the remedy. Christianity, as pro- fessed today, has too often become formal and than on righteousness to settle economic and in- dead. So-called Christian nations have ignored ternational disputes. There is an increase of Christ's teachings as to righteousness and peace. divorce and a lowering of moral ideals; the Larger church attendance, better preaching, even growth of the gambling spirit, the development of Bible teaching and social service, do not in themlawlessness and the spread of intemperance are selves provide the remedy. We are coming to disturbing. The progress of atheism and material- recognize more and more that the first need is ism are evident, especially in some colleges and personal spiritual revival, with surrender to God among those with radical ideas. There is a de- and a vital relation to Christ; second, there is crease in Sunday school and church attendance need for new, more earnest and intelligent study among all classes. In general the growth of ex- of the Bible as the Word of God; third, we need travagance and self-indulgence is coupled with true prayer and obedience to the revealed will indifference to the revealed will of God as the of God. Finally, Christians must unite more standard for faith and life. At a recent National whole-heartedly in loving fellowship, in witness- Laymen's Conference it was pointed out that ing to Christ and in devoted service to mankind.

Christian church membership has declined in pro- There is power in Christ and His Gospel to portion to the growth in population. Mr. Roger transform the world. There is evidence of spir- W. Babson, former moderator of the Congrega- itual vitality in the Church and in multitudes of tional Council, has said that Protestant church Christians. They are still the "salt of the earth"

membership is declining to an alarming degree. but too much of the salt has lost its savour or is Others believe that he has based his statements confined in salt-cellars, not scattered to counter- on incorrect or insufficient data, but Mr. Babson act corruption. Christians are still the "light of states that official church figures include millions the world," when Christ loves and shines through who have now no vital connection with the them, but too many are hiding their light or it

burns dimly, in a small circle, with a poor dying Roman Catholic Church, with special privileges flame that cannot lighten even their own homes, as the National Church, then, in addiltion, the much less the dark corners of the earth. Waldensian Church, the Methodist Episcopal and Baptist Churches, the Friends, the Seventh Day An observer at the recent conference on Evan- Adventists, Plymouth Brethren, the Salvation gelism, held at Northfield, Massachusetts, reached Army and the Spezia mission. No other denomthe following conclusions: (1) We must recog- inations are allowed in the country. nize that the desperate situation in the world today cannot be remedied by reformation but only It is common rumor in Italy that the Vatican by redemption and regeneration. (2) Definite helped to finance the Abyssinian war. In return, decision must be made to accept redemption in it seems to have demanded that the civil authori- Christ producing a new character and not merely ties should restrain all Protestant denominations. improvement along the old ways of life. (3) To The first result was the disappearance of many accept Christ means to adopt His teachings as the independent missions and churches, which were practical plan of life in social, industrial, and in- merely extinguished in conformity with the law. ternational relationships, as well as in personal Particular attention has recently been paid to one conduct. (4) A definite Biblical foundation is independent work estimated to number some needed in thought and preaching. (5) Evan- 50,000 adherents but one that has been a pargelism must be carried to the people wherever ticularly aggressive and successful evangelistic they are and applied to their needs. This involves movement, and was spreading rapidly. A short street preaching, personal interviews, pastoral time ago no less than 1,000 of these people were contacts, clinics for personal problems, etc. placed under "house arrest," not allowed to leave (6) This is the work of the laity as well as the their village or town, and being obliged to report ministry. (7) Evangelism must be world-wide, themselves daily to the police. Nevertheless they not merely local. manage to hold meetings in caves and other secret places. EVANGELICAL CHRISTIANS IN ITALY Attention was next given to those denomina- The British Weekly says that "so far as liberty tions recognized by the State, whose status is nomof worship is concerned matters are worse for inally guaranteed. The country is governed ac- Evangelicals in Italy than in Germany." Under cording to the exigencies of the moment. The a law promulgated in 1929, the following religious Vatican seems just now to be directing its activity organizations were recognized by the State and chiefly against three organizations-the Waldenallowed to conduct worship in their own way: the sian Church and its missions, the British and For- eign Bible Society and the Salvation Army.

RUSSIA'S NEW DRIVE AGAINST RELIGION Press reports from Moscow state that a new drive against religion took place in the Soviet Union to prevent the December influence of the Church or the clergy on the more susceptible voters in the elections. The first elections under the so-called Stalin constitution, now a year old, were held December 12. The clergy were accused of conducting an insidious propaganda campaign for the revival of the sorely oppressed Church. It was charged that their aim was the election of friendly deputies in the local Soviets and in the chambers of the new Supreme Soviet.

Trade unions, in particular, were urged to revive the fight against religion. Their news- paper, Trud, re-emphasized its purpose "to expose the counter-revolutionary machinations of the clergy and believers." The clergy of Russia, whether they are Evangelical pastors, Ortho- dox or Catholic priests, Jewish rabbis, or Mohammedan mullahs, are openly called parasites by the official organs of the Soviet Government and the Communist party and are designated as actual and potential enemies of the regime. Though the trade unions were enlisted in this new campaign against the churchmen, the drive aimed most particularly against the Church's in- fluence among the peasants since the Government seems to have had more difficulty suppressing religious expression among the peasants in the rural areas than in the cities.

Recent indications point to a determined revival of religious interest in Russia in spite of the most persistent efforts on the part of the Government. An indication of this trend is the fact that four years ago the Militant Godless League numbered 5,000,000 members. At pres- ent there are only 2,000,000 enrolled. Dispatches also note that in Russia today there are more than 30,000 religious organizations of various faiths.-Lutheran News Bureau.

Influence of Christ in

By PROF. KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE D. Willis James Professor of Missions and Oriental History in Yale University, Author of "The First Five Centuries of Christianity"

W HAT has been the influence of Jesus upon generation and even more than two or three cen- the human race? Is it waxing or waning? turies to determine trends. These are crucial questions. Upon the an- In general, the history of Christianity falls into swers which we give to them depends in part- three main epochs. First are the initial five cen- although by no means entirely-our attitude to- turies, in which the faith had its inception and in wards Jesus. Out of the~, too, arises to a large which it won the population of the Roman Empire.

degree our attitude towards Christianity and to- Then, second, approximately a thousand years in wards the outlook for civilization. If Christian- which geographically about as much territory was ity is losing in vitality, if it is a declining factor lost as was won but in which Christianity had a in human history, then the prospect for the future large share in shaping some new cultures. Third of the faith is dark, and if the human race goes and last, a period which began about the year 1500 on, its civilization will depart farther and farther and which is still with us (although some suspect from ideals which we think of as Christian. If, that it is now coming to a close), in which Chris- on the other hand, Christianity shows more vigor tianity experienced fresh internal life and ex- as the centuries pass and leaves a broadening and panded geographically beyond all previous limits. a deepening impress on mankind, then we can The first period is often regarded as the great- have more confidence as we face the future, both est in Christian history. The achievements were for Christianity and for civilization.· indisputably remarkable. In it the Church came Any full answer to these queries would require into existence, became second in strength only to a much larger space than the editor could permit. the state, and proved so vigorous that it survived Even a full summary of an answer would demand the state. In it the New Testament was put into a volume. However, it is possible to sketch in writing, and Christianity, beginning apparently brief compass the broad outline of a summary. as an obscure sect of Judaism, spread until it be- In general the answers can be stated as follows: came the religion of the vast majority of the Ro- (1) (This may seem so obvious as to be a banal- man Empire. The effect upon thj:! culture of the i.ty.) Through the centuries the influence of Jesus Roman world was profound. The ancient cults has been potent and beneficent. (2) (This also of the gods, to which the state had given its is a commonplace.) Never in any age or in any powerful support, were erased. The deities of large group of humanity has that influence been pagan antiquity remained merely as memories dominant. It has been one among many. Always and the ancient mythologies survived only in the it has met opposition. Always it has had to con- literature of the pagan ages and as literary allu- front elements in human nature and in society sions and devices. Laws were modified to take which are in complete opposition to it. Indeed, account of Christian principles, although not as the influence of Jesus has grown, the antago- greatly until after the end of the period. A new nism has become more pronounced. (3) In each literature was created, that of Christian devotion, of its major periods Christianity has successively apology, and theology, and new philosophies – if had a more profound effect upon the societies in one may so designate Christian theology – came which Christians have been numerous. (4) Never into existence. A new art and a new architecture, has Christianity been quite so vigorous and never although often incorporating pre-Christian forms, has the influence of Jesus been more widespread were created: Christianity aided in the processes and more effective than in the past century and which brought about the disappearance of certain a quarter. amusements, notably the combats of the arena.

The substantiation of these answers, as we have As its most outstanding contribution, the Chris- suggested, would require a volume. Here we can tian faith gave rise to transformed lives. A Paul give it only in the broadest outline. We must and an Augustine of Hippo are only the more disproceed chronologically. What is re$luired is his- tinguished examples of those who through a cata- torical perspective. We need to see more than a clysmic experience passed from moral and spir- [ 7]

itual defeat and impotence to triumphant living. out Roman rule and with it much of civilization. An Origen of Alexandria and an Ambrose of From the Southeast came the Arabs, carrying a Milan are, in turn, better known instances of those new, vigorous faith, Islam, and occupied Syria, in whom the change, while real, was wrought in Palestine, Mesopotamia, Persia, all the northern less spectacular fashion-in an Origen by Chris- shore of Africa, and practically all of the Iberian tian nurture. Peninsula. In the lands conquered by the Mos- lems the churches shrank in membership and in Great though the changes were, most of the some places disappeared. main outlines of Grreco-Roman culture were but little altered by Christianity. The vast majority Yet, in spite of this threat, Christianity not of Christians entertained no thought of destroying only survived in many of the areas which it had the existing order or even of withdrawing from formerly occupied, but, winning the pagan barit or of thoroughly reforming it. Many of the barians who threatened to overwhelm it, it also early Christians partly separated themselves from spread into Northern Europe far beyond the forthe world. Some sects, such as the Marcionites, mer borders of the Roman Empire into vast rewere pronouncedly ascetic in matters of sex. Dur- gions which before the year 500 had never heard ing its earlier centuries the Church tended to be the name of Christ. made up of communities apart-of the world but not fully in it. Before the first five centuries were New cultures arose in Northern Europe. They done an appreciable minority had entered the mo- grew up partly under 111e regis and inspiration of nastic movement, thus, in theory and to a large the Church and in them Christianity was more extent in practice, renouncing secular society and potent than ever it had been in the Roman Emembarking upon what appeared to them to be a pire. The Church became the vehicle by which purely Christian life. Moreover, in the first five much of the culture of the Grreco-Roman world centuries after Christ the structure of Grreco-Ro- was transmitted to the peoples of Northern Euman society and of the Roman state underwent rope. It was the nourisher of arts and letters. extensive modifications. However, in the main, Under it the universities of Northern Europe most of these modifications were not due to Chris- arose. Princes called themselves Christians and tianity. The vast majority of Christians more took oaths at their coronation which obligated nearly conformed to the world about them than them to rule as such. The Christian conscience they or that world were transformed by their did not fully accept war, as it had in the fourth faith. After Constantine the state controlled the and fifth centuries, but through the Truce of God Church much more than the Church controlled the and the Peace of God strove to regulate it 'and state. After originally holding themselves aloof reduce it. In chivalry a combination of Christian from the army, Christians reversed their attitude ideals wi,th the warrior's profession was made in and saw no inconsistency between their profession the attempt, probably seldom consciously exand service in the legions. Nor did they make pressed, to Christianize the 1<atter. The family any great effort to mitigate the horrors of war. came more fully under the control of the Church Slavery largely disappeared, but chiefly from than it had under the Roman Empire. The relief other reasons than repugnance to the institution of the poor, the sick, and travellers, and the proon Christian grounds. Some of the traditional tection of widows were largely through the Church amusements, such as the theatre, while still un- and were almost entirely the outgrowth of the purged of many features contradictory to Chris- Christian conscience. As in the Roman Empire, tianity, were as popular with the nominally Chris- so in Northern Europe, the pagan cults disaptian populace of the fourth and fifth centuries as peared. As in the Roman Empire, moreover, they had been with pagans of earlier days. Even popular religious movements broke forth from in the realm of religious practices and beliefs time to time, evidence that the impulse which many attitudes and some customs carried over came from Jesus was still fresh, and noble spirits from pre-Christian days. arose who bore unmistakably the peculiar impress of Christ. Threatened Collapse of Society Even in lands under the control of Moslems, In the next period, that from A. IT. 500 to A. D. Christianity was not without its effect. To be 1500, the story is somewhat different. From the sure, where Moslem law against apostasy was ensixth through the ninth century the very existence forced, as it was in regions in which the state was of Christianity was threatened by the collapse of Moslem, any extensive leakage from Islam to the society with which the faith had come to be Christianity was impossible. In such lands, moreclosely associated. The Roman Empire dwindled over, the Christian churches, on the defensive, to the Byzantine Empire. In Western Europe in- slowly lost ground. However, wherever Christian vasion after invasion of pagan barbarians wiped rulers permanently regained possession from Moslems, Islam disappeared more completely than

THE INFLUENCE OF CHRIST IN HISTORY

did Christianity in many a region permanently had the Christianity of Western Europe been so under the control of Moslems, Then, too, in Mos- vigorous or so far advanced towards the New Teslem lands Christians often had a profound influ- tament standard. ence. Moslem mysticism, or Sufism, came into existence and was molded in contact with Chris- In Europe the influence of Christianity became tian monks and hermits. Christians in Mesopo- probably greater than in the Middle Ages-"probtamia translated into Arabic the works of the ably," because precise measurements as the necesgreat Greek philosophers, so that Aristotle, who sary basis for exact comparisons are impossible. reached Western Europe in part through the Mos- The numbers who entered deeply into a Christian lems, had first come to the Moslems from Chris- experience appear to have been much greater. In tians. It was from Christian physicians tha,t society as a whole Christianity became the chief Moslem Arab physicians first learned much of the impulse back of the formation of international law lore which made them famous. What is called -an effort to put on a basis of peace and justice Arabic art appears largely to have been at the the relations between the rising nation-states. It outset the creation of Christian artisans in Egypt. also gave birth to fresh works of charity. It was the inspiration of the first pure democracies which At the close of the fifteenth century Christian- the world had seen. It entered as a major factor ity again appeared to face a dark future. From into the formation of the national traits of such the outside it was menaced by Moslem Turks. The peoples as the Scotch, the Dutch, and the Scandi- Turk, indeed, took that ancient bulwark of Chris- navians. It was potent in the genesis and fortianity against the Moslems, Constantinople, and mulation of the ideals of some of the most highin time overran Southeastern Europe. In Western minded leaders of the early stages of the French Europe, where Christianity retained its greatest Revolution. stronghold, the faith seemed threatened by internal decay. Medieval culture, largely the prod- Outside of Europe, Christianity spread more uct of Christianity, was disappearing. With the widely than had ever any religion or, indeed, than had any set of ideas, religious or secular. It was Renaissance came humanism, much of it pagan one of the causes of the discovery and exploration and hostile or indifferent to Christianity. A large of America, of the discovery of the sea route to part of the clergy were morally corrupt and a hiss- India and the Far East, and of the trans-Atlantic ing and a byword to all honest folk. For a time settlements of European folk. Christian missionthe Roman Catholic Church was divided through aries penetrated to the farthest confines of the an unseemly schism over rival claimants of the Americas, to the great nations of Asia, and to papal chair. In land after land the Church was various places in Africa. In all of these regions placed under the control of the secular authori- converts were made. ties-a process which continued in the sixteenth century with the further growth of monarchical Achievements of Christianity states. At the close of the fifteenth and in the Moreover, Christianity served to ameliorate the early decades of the sixteenth century the Throne impact of European upon non-European peoples. of Peter was occupied by a succession of thor- Much of the exploration and conquest was accomoughly worldly men. The sad state to which the panied by unspeakable cruelties of nominally leadership of the Church had fallen was drama- Christian Europeans on non-European peoples. tized by the martyrdom of Savonarola, with his Again and again missionaries protested against passion for spiritual and moral reform, through these iniquities. They appealed to the Christian the opposition of the Borgia Pope, Alexander VI, conscience of Europe and in consequence in edict the most infamous of the pontiffs of that low after edict the Popes came out against enslaving moral ebb of the papacy. the Indians and for generous treatment of the aborigines, and the Spanish monarchs enacted- Yet Christianity came back, and with unprece- but did not always enforce-the remarkably hudented power. In the succeeding centuries it mane Laws of the Indies. Missionaries, too, colexercised an influence on mankind far more wide- lected the Christian natives into settlements spread and profound than ever before. A series where they attempted to give protection against of revivals unequalled in the past purged organ- the rapacity of their exploiting fellow-countryized Western Christianity of many of its abuses men. and lifted it to a new level of moral and spiritual earnestness. Some of these revivals contributed In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries Christo what we know as the Protestant Reformation. tianity became especially vigorous. The eight- Others led in the old church to what Protestants eenth century witnessed the dying down of the usually call the Counter-Reformation but to what fires of religious enthusiasm in Europe. At the is more accurately known as the Catholic Refor- end of that century the French Revolution and mation. In spite of palpable weaknesses, never the wars of Napoleon threw all Western Europe

into turmoil and in places dealt serious blows to education in Africa, in much of A,sia, and in many the Church. Yet, even in the eighteenth century of the islands of the sea. In China under Chrisrevivals were in progress in the Pietist and Wes- tian auspices a new medical profession came into leyan movements and in the Great Awakening in being. In their day of transition huge civilized the Thirteen Colonies. In the nineteenth century nations, notably the Indians and Chinese, had they became more numerous and more wide- their ideals profoundly modified by Christianity. spread. Always in Protestantism deeply reli- In the Occident, Christianity, far from losing its gious strains had existed. However, political mo- power to mold collectively the life of man, gave tives had been almost as potent as religious in the birth to movements for the abolition of the Negro formation of Protestantism, and the various state slave trade and of Negro slavery. The Red Cross churches in which until the nineteenth century by its very name and symbol bears witness to the most Protestants were found, suffered in their Christian origin of this most noteworthy of atspiritual life from the control exercised by their tempts to heal the wounds of war and of natural respective governments. Now, in the nineteenth disasters. In the OcCident both the menace of century, the Christian motive became more nearly war and the efforts to prevent war assumed undominant in Protestantism and the Christian ex- precedented proportions. Most of the latter had perience more widespread. New denominations Christian roots. The list might be greatly lengthcame into being to express this experience. Great ened to include prison reform, efforts to better movements and organizations-among others the the lot of the blind, the deaf, and the insane, and Sunday schools, the Young Men's and Young the founding of scores of colleges and universities Women's Christian Associations, the young peo- and of hundreds of hospitals. ple's soCieties, and the student Christian movements-arose to meet particular needs. Within As we have suggested, never in any age or peo- Roman Catholicism a new burst of life gave birth ple has Christianity been the only influence at to more new orders than that ancient Church had work molding the life of man. Chronically it has known in all its preceding history. Both the Prot- been vigorously opposed by tendenCies and tradiestant and the Roman Catholic foreign missionary tions which spiritually and morally are its exact movements expanded to unprecedented propor- oppoSites. Always a tension has existed. Always tions. In the new nations formed by peoples of where the light has shone there has been darkness European stock in the United States, Canada, -but the light has continued to shine and the Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa, Chris- darkness has not overcome it. If in our present tianity not only held the settlers, but, at least in age the forces of darkness seem to' be espeCially the largest of these nations, the United States, the aggressive, powerful, and perilous to the highest proportion of the population who were members interests of man, we need to remember that never of churches actually increased. has the light shone farther or more brilliantly than in the past century and a half. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the influence of Christianity became more widespread What the future has in store no one of us ought and more potent than ever. Millions from scores confidently to predict. History does not necesof different races and peoples entered to a greater sarily repeat itself. If, however, past experience or less degree into the Christian experience. warrants any prophecy, it is that the light will Scores of tribes in Africa and the islands of the continue to shine, beneficently and more strongly. Pacific reconstructed their entire corporate life So far as we can see, for an indefinitely long peand their customs under Christian auspices. riod to come the darkness will also be there. How- Through Christian missionaries more languages ever, the light is there and we can be confident were reduced to writing than by all other agencies that the darkness will not extinguish it. Always, in all the preceding history of mankind. Chris- as in the vision of Bunyan, the oil of grace contians pioneered in introducing new systems of tinues to be poured and all the efforts of the enemy do not put out the flame.

THE APPEAL OF CHRIST TO MEN The more pagan people are the more Christ's message appeals to them as Good News. But go to people who term themselves Christians, who believe themselves within Christ's fold, and yet are really pagan in life and character, and you run your head into a stone wall.-Prof. Gonzalo Baez Camargo of Mexico.

*** Christianity is a life-a life of fellowship with God in Christ Jesus. All else that is Christian flows from that experience. Doctrines define and formulate that experience in in- tellectual terms.-Thomas Reeve of England.

Mine–Boy to

The Remarkable Achievement of John McDowell, Late Associate Director of the Department of So- cial Education and Action, Board of Christian Education, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

-"I By DELAVAN L. PIERSON I!B- __ J~==============~ ~==========~ TODAY most American parents seem to think not an easy job for a lad of eleven and he still had . that they must supply their children with all to rise early and work hard all day. Again he the education, the comforts, the amusements was faithful in that which was least, and he was and other advantages that their money can buy; cheerful and uncomplaining. Two years later the even then they tremble lest their boys and girls boy was promoted to be a "mule-boy" down in the may go astray and fail to make good in character damp, dark mines. His job was to hitch the mule or achievements. to the coal cars a·nd drive the animal to the shaft What chance of success has a lad of fourte~n, where the coal was hoisted to the surface. Here with only one arm, his remaining hand injured, was more responsibility and more risk to life and a broken leg and a wounded knee; moreover, a limb from accident, cave-in or explosions, but not lad who had received only a meagre primary much money and not very elevating or amusing school education, living in a miner's cabin sur- to a boy of thirteen! But again Jack was faith- rounded with many evidences of extreme poverty? ful, cheery and undefeated. He made friends with Such a number of handicaps would seem almost his mule and with the miners among whom were insurmountable. Not so were they accepted by strong, God-fearing men.

little Jack McDowell. The boy was made of What could John look forward to in life? Must sterner stuff, and did not know what it meant to he always be a poor miner, even if he survived the accept defeat because of adverse circumstances dangers which made the average age of miners and so-called handicaps. at death only about thirty-two? John's father John McDowell was born in DaIry, Scotland, wished better things for his son and, since times on September 24, 1870, and was brought to Amer- were a little easier, asked the lad if he would like ica by his parents when he was two years old. to go to school. It was an opportunity and the The father secured work as a miner in the an- boy had some ambition. In Miner McDowell's thracite coal mines near Wilkes-Barre, Pennsyl- home the daily fare included oatmeal, and the vania, but the money he could earn was very in- Shorter Catechism. The children were taught to adequate for the needs of a growing family. believe in and practice hard, honest work, self- Every cent was needed that could honestly be respect, honesty, reverence for God and human gained and at eight years of age little Jack went sympathy. But the opportunities for financial or to work as a "breaker-boy" at the mines. He had intellectual advancement were very limited. John to get up before daylight-not in a steam-heated told his father that he wanted to enter an engiroom-eat a hurried breakfast of oatmeal, and be neering school and become an engineer. It seemed at the mines at seven o'clock. There he sat all like a high ambition. Could he achieve it? Then day, in the heat of summer and the cold of winter came the catastrophy!

with coal dust filling eyes and lungs, picking out One day, down in the mine, on his last trip, the pieces of slate from the coal as it came down the coal car started on the down grade, caught Jack chute from the crusher. Not much freedom, fun in the machinery, dragged him along, tore his left and opportunity there for a growing boy's mind arm almost off, broke his leg, put a spike through and body. But he was faithful, and uncomplain- his knee and endangered his life. The boy had ing. His help was needed to meet the household presence of mind to put his foot with its heavy expenses. boot in front of the wheel and stopped the car.

Three years later, Jack was promoted to be The mule went on alone and miners came to see door-boy in the mines. His daily routine was to what was the trouble. They found the bruised open the doors at the foot of the shaft to let the and bleeding lad and took him home, where he mules and coal cars pass through, and then to shut hovered between life and death. His ambition them again to keep out the draft from the mines to be an engineer was spiked; but John was un- deep down in the bowels of the earth. This was daunted. When the doctor said: "Well, my boy, [11 ]

you won't have much more than your brain left In Mount Hermon, John came to know and love to work with," Jack decided that he wanted an D. L. Moody and was known and loved by the education. But how was that to be obtained? great evangelist and his family. He heard some When he had recovered sufficiently, he started to of the world's great Bible teachers and preachers attend the public school, and he soon showed signs at the summer conferences and was moved by ap- of a clear, undamaged brain and a determined peals to make full surrender to Christ and to give spirit. his life to Christian service. At Northfield, too, About that time the great evangelist, D. L. he met a girl student-refined, attractive, sweet Moody, came to Wilkes-Barre. He told of his in disposition and strong in Christian character. school, recently founded at Mount Hermon, Mas- Minnie Fowler saw in the Mount Hermon youth sachusetts, where boys with little cash but much the signs of true nobility and promise. Those who earnestness might work to pay part of their way knew these two students then, and have followed and obtain an education. That was the place for them ever since, know what a perfect comrade- Jack. A friend who recognized the boy's worth ship has marked their life together-each conoffered to pay $100 toward the first year's ex- tributing rich stores of understanding love and penses if he could earn the remainder. The next talents to make their lives a united success.

September he went to Mount Hermon-a frail slip From Mount Hermon, John McDowell went to of a lad of fifteen, apparently with serious handi- Princeton University where he was graduated in caps-but again he was faithful, intelligent, dead 1894. He earned his way through and at the in earnest, cheerful and uncomplaining. He same time helped a younger brother to obtain an gladly began to work at his books and at the education. After leaving Princeton he spent a daily tasks assigned to help pay his way. But summer in mission work in New York's East Side, what could he do? Not drive a plow, work on the largely among foreigners. He showed himself a road, or even wash dishes; but he could work in friend to the poor and to handicapped workers the school office and in the summer time he could and gained a keener sense of the prime impor- sell newspapers at the Northfield Conferences tance of winning men to God as He has revealed -and he did. Himself and the Way .Of Life through Jesus But there was another and even greater handi- Christ. As a result John decided to enter Prince- cap from which he suffered. He studied hard but ton Seminary to prepare for the ministry-again though he answered the questions in his written paying his own way through, and using all the examinations, his marks were too low to pass. time he could spare for evangelistic work. He What was the trouble? The teacher told him was called to be pastor .Of a church at Steelton, that he could not receive better marks because he Pennsylvania, in a region not far from his old had failed in recitation. But did not the teacher home. There he came to know the miners and know the reason? Jack stuttered s.o that he could their problems still more intimately as their not recite-especially in translating Latin and in friend and spiritual adviser. But the field was too pronouncing unfamiliar names in history? The limited for his talents and he was soon called to teacher was sorry but firm-boys were required be pastor of Park Church, Newark. There, with to recite. "All right," the boy said, "I will recite his faithful and devoted wife at his side, he made next time." And he did, although he took the full his mark, not only on his congregation but in the lesson period to get out the words. At first the city, serving on juries and on commissions, set- class laughed and the teacher told him he could tling labor disputes, working for social justice sit down. But Jack set his jaw firmly and con- and seeking to exalt Christ and to show the impli- tinued the battle royal. Then his classmates were cations and application of His message for this silent and moved to tears-but tears of sympathy world and for the world to come.

and admiration. Finally they applauded. Jack After ten years in Newark, there followed other sat down a victor. He never stammered again. important pastorates in Detr.Oit and Baltimore, The lad discovered that he need never accept where he ministered to both rich and poor, win- defeat and he acquired a taste for overcoming. ning friends among all classes, in all denomina- He wanted to enter into athletics, but how could tions, in all political parties and among represen- he? Football and baseball seemed out of the ques- tatives of both capital and labor. But he never tion, so he took up tennis; he kept persistently at was willing to compromise or to win friends at it until he became a champion player. It was a the expense of truth or of his fidelity to Christ, great sight to see him toss a tennis ball in the air his Master. During the World War he rendered for a serve, with racquet held in his one hand, and noteworthy service as Y. M. C. A. Director of Re- then give it a smashing drive. He played with his ligious Work among industrial workers in the head and won many matches by out-maneuvering Eastern district. From this he was called to be his opponents. Secretary of the Board of Home Missions .Of the

FROM MINE-BOY TO MODERATOR

Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. (now the Board of standing, John McDowell never knew defeat. He National Missions), later serving as associate di- was never embittered in spirit and never lost his rector of the Committee on Social and Industrial courage, his optimism or his love for his fellow- Relations under the Board of Christian Education. men. He never sought to make capital of what He became president of the Home Missions Coun- others might look upon as his "handicap"; he cil, uniting all the evangelical churches, prepared ignored it and used his one hand more efficiently the annual Labor Day messages which were scat- than many men could use two. So normal and tered all over the land, working to settle labor complete was he in spirit and body that friends disputes and to establish principles of brother- even forgot he had only one arm. hood, justice and Christian love in the economic realm as well as in the Church. He was an able Almost the last public service that Dr. Mcand popular speaker at Northfield and other con- Dowell rendered was in organizing and directing ferences, and rendered important service at the the D. L. Moody Centennary meetings at the Charlottesville Institute of Public Affairs. He Northfield General Conference in August, 1937. was the author of several valuable and influential The general theme of the addresses, "Christ and books which set forth clearly the Christian faith the Bible," was chosen by him as these were the and the principles of social justice-"Dwight L. two main themes and sources of power on which Moody, the Discoverer of Men and the Maker of the great evangelist had built up his educational Movements," "Christian Essentials," and "Fellow- and evangelistic program. The meetings, preship of Toil." He sometimes said that while the sided over by Dr. McDowell, were a fitting trib- "Church has use for a one-armed preacher, it has ute to the man to whom he was so deeply atno use for a one-armed Gospel." tached and to whom he owed so much.

Many true and striking statements were made It would be difficult to point out all the factors in his addresses, books and published articles. that accounted for his success as a man, a life- These always breathed a Christian spirit of fair- partner, a friend, a servant of mankind and as a ness and wisdom, such as are evidenced in the follower of Jesus Christ. His courage, his faith following: in God and in man, his sacrificial spirit, his un- tiring industry, his intelligence and astounding "What industry needs is not better methods but memory, his fairness, sense of justice, good cheer better motives; not more perfect machinery but and keen sense of humor-all helped to make the more perfect mankind; not more laws but more man and servant of God. He owed much to his life, that 'abundant life' that Christ offers and Scotch inheritance; he owed more to his father's that Christ alone can give." faith in God and to his religious training in his home; he owed something to the fact that he knew "Labor belittles no man; wealth-owning be- the discipline of poverty and hard work; he owed littles no man. 'A man's a man for a' that.' much to his experience and to his ability to make There should be no classes-no laboring class, no friends; he owed more to his contact with D. L. capitalistic class. Laboring men? Yes, they are Moody and to his training at Mount Hermon, and the world's enterprise builders. But the laboring Princeton; he owed much to his faithful wife, man and the capital-owning man is each a man." but he owed most of all to the new life he received through Christ, to his daily study of the Word of "From the Christian point of view the primary God and to his fellowship with the Son of God. question in industry today is-shall the symbol of our industrial life be the dollar mark or the Cross? One of the finest tributes ever paid him was by Shall our ambition be self-seeking or sacrificial Dr. Robert Freeman of the First Presbyterian service?" Church of Pasadena, California, when presenting Dr. McDowell to the president of Occidental Col- The height of Dr. McDowell's career in the lege, Los Angeles, California, for the degree of Christian Church was reached when, in 1933, he LL.D. in 1932. Dr. Freeman spoke of him as one was elected Moderator of the Presbyterian Gen- "who for fifteen years has been the spokesman of eral Assembly. This is the highest honor in the our denomination wherever social adjustment was gift of the Church of two million members. He lacking or industrial justice imperilled; who in filled the position with great effectiveness, travel- the day of honor and influence has not forgotten ing from coast to coast and from Canada to the the boys who have succeeded him in the choking Gulf, the former breaker-boy speaking sometimes dust of the coal breakers and along the slimy corthree or four times a day to churches, preachers, ridors of the mines, or the multitudes who have students, college professors, men's clubs, confer- trusted him to champion the fair claims of the ences, business executives, labor unions and other class from which he sprang; nor even feared to industrial workers. While at times physical weak- demand justice from them as he claimed justice ness and weariness overtook him and he suffered for them; one who blends evangelical fervor with from more than one accident; and while he often encountered criticism, opposition and misunder-

social passion; who treasures the heritage of the when he was a boy of fourteen but his soul lived old land and the old order and the old faith while on. Later he accepted the gift of Eternal life catching and pursuing the vision of the new through Jesus Christ and he lives today in the heaven and the new earth: John McDowell, presence of the Master whom he served so faithwhose name is a test of romance, a symbol of fully, and in whose promises he believed with all consecration, and an epitome of service." his heart. His memory will be honored by men and women of all creeds and classes; his influence Like the Apostle Paul, John McDowell fought will continue to bear fruit. His labor was not in a good fight, he has finished his course, he has vain for it was "in the Lord." John McDowell kept the faith; henceforth there is laid up for him expressed his confidence in the Life Eternal when a crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the he wrote of Jesus' attitude toward death. He righteous judge, will give to him and not to him said: only but to all those that love His appearing. He fell asleep in Christ on November 13th after a Christ never spoke of His death apart from His resurmajor operation which he faced with courage, rection. He never thought of His death as the end of His knowing its possible unfavorable outcome. But career; it was only an episode, and an episode opening up he is not dead. A part of his body was discarded the way for the larger part He was to playas the spir- itual leader of men in the Kingdom of God.

A Faithful Friend and True Christian From an Address by Dr. Robert E. Speer, Given at the Funeral Service, November 16, 1937, in Park Church, Newark, where Dr. McDowell was Pastor for Ten Years JOHN McDOWELL was one of the dearest business of the Church, and about God's relation friends, one of the best men, and one of the to man and man's relation to God, and man's rela- noblest Christians we have ever known or ever tion to his fellow men. Just as he sought to know can know. His character and his career is occa- the truth so he sought to speak it. No one ever sion for deep thanksgiving to God for the man found him equivocating or accommodating or that He made. His life is a fountain of ins·pira- using words with reservations. It was in love tion and a call to boundless hope for ourselves and and good will that he spoke and what he spoke for other men. His career reveals to us the un- was the truth. And he thought and spoke truth limited opportunities in our American life for because he was true and genuine. He sought such a boy as this Scotch miner lad; his life ex- wholly to follow Him who said, "I am the Way of emplifies the duty and privilege of ever-expand- Truth and the Life" and to be faithful to God, in ing thought and influence, and the full meaning whom "is· no darkness at all." of the Christian Gospel. No man can be faithful to truth as John Mc- But we are thinking here not so much of John Dowell was and not be a brave and courageous McDowell's career but of his character, and of man, either fearless or victorious over fear. that which was basic in him as it is basic in all John's career was a brave and courageous career. life and character, truth. God, who desires truth He never surrendered to his handicaps. He turned in the inward parts, we may reverently say, found them into resources. He could do with one arm and its maimed hand more than some men can do His desire largely fulfilled in John. He used to with two sound arms. He was an excellent tennis like to quote Mr. Moody's familiar aphorism, player, holding the ball on his racket and tossing "Character is what a man is in the dark." In the it into the air. He astounded a small boy in a dark or in the light, by night and day, John Mc- home where he was staying by speed of unlacing Dowell was unqualifiedly and uncompromisingly and relacing his shoes. He never asked for sym- and steadfastly true. pathy or allowance. He carried his full load. And in all his work he carried truth into action – in His thoughts were true. Paul's admonition was speaking and doing always what he believed to be . not second nature, but first nature with him. right. We have seen him tested in the matter of fidelity to what he believed to be true and right in "Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things the midst of difficulties. As Chairman of the are honorable, whatsoever things are just, what- Graduate Advisory Committee of the Philadelphia soever things are pure, whatsoever things are Society of Princeton University, when there were lovely, whatsoever things are of good report, if some hard problems in the religious life of the there be any virtue and if there be any praise"- University, and conflicting opinions, he never John McDowell thought on these things. He sought to find the truth of the Gospel, and the truth about his duty and about the nature and

flinched. He and Bishop McConnell bore the and self-control. I never knew him to be fretful brunt of the attack on the report of the Inter- or impatient or irritable, to bear a grudge, to re- Church World Movement Committee, of which sent anything personal, to be anything but steadthey were members, in the matter of the steel fast and straightforward. strike. John has now gone on beyond all the earthly confusions to the pure peace and effortless Professor Royce has made both a philosophy joy of a richer service. I do not think he will be and a religion out of loyalty, and all that there is reproached there, as he was reproached here, nor in loyalty for philosophy and religion John knew. will he need in that happy fellowship the grit and His loyalty to Mount Hermon and to Dwight L. tenacity with which he met his reproach here. In Moody was one of the brightest and most blessed recent years, in the difficult problems which had things in his bright and blessed spirit. As chairto be met in connection with the Seminary, how man last summer of the National Committee on clear were his convictions and how fairly but un- the Centennial of Mr. Moody's birth, he did a yieldingly he maintained them. And to cite but one more instance of his brave and courageous JOHN McDOWELL AS MODERATOR mind and spirit, we will all recall his true prophet's mission in the matter of human relations in noble piece of work. Noone has written articles the field of industry and the fearlessness with or made addresses on Mr. Moody more full of inwhich he spoke his mind, with no partial interest, sight, of true estimate and appreciation, of deeper truckling to no one class or group., but asking only love and loyalty than those that came from John what was right, and in consequence, commanding McDowell. One likes to imagine the meeting of the respect and confidence of all honest men. We the two in the Land Beyond. Mr. Moody, with thank God today for this memory of a good, brave the well-remembered twinkle in his eye, might man. reproach John for his over-praise and John might answer· him without a syllable of retraction. And it rests us to recall his quality of justice, Happy, happy must be their meeting in the Imof sound-mindedness, of fair and kind and reason- mortal Love and the Celestial Light of Paradise. able judgment. There was never any harsh or The loyalty of that friendship was the loyalty of intemperate speech. No one was left in doubt as all John McDowell's many friendships. I speak to his mind. His words were unmistakably clear out of the understanding of a great love. John and pungent but we never knew him to be illtempered or uncharitable. He kept his balance in a world of excesses and partisanships. He knew how to combine and proportion the personal and the collective aspects of Christianity and life. He saw the right place and relations of persuasion and authority, of private action and of legislative enactment. He was a good guide and counsellor in his just discernment of the true functions of the Church in its spiritual mission to human hellrts and wills, and its ministry as an agency of the Kingdom of God.

The rule and joy of John McDowell's life, its formulating principle, was unselfish service. He was the disciple of One who came "not to be ministered unto but to minister." He had no pride which could (be offended and no vanity to wound. He never sought anything for himself. While he was honestly and justly pleased at his election as Moderator and fulfilled the duties of his offioe to the delight of the Church, he did it without any ostentation or parade. Whatever he could do to help people he did with a happy, genial heart. He went in and out among us as one who served.

And it is a joy to recall his good temper, his humor. Again and again he would relieve the tension with some apt anecdote or illustration. Grave situations were lightened by his evenmindedness, his quiet voice, his fullness of poise

was a friend. It is not necessary to say "a true rity." "Uprightness, virtue, honesty, soundness"- friend." There is no other kind of friend. One these are the synonyms. "He that overcometh I knew that it was possible to put full trust on him will make him a pillar in the temple of my God, and be safe. and he shall go out thence no more, and I will write upon him the name of my God." That was Supremely John McDowell was loyal to our John McDowell- a pillar, clean, upright, unde- Christian faith as passed down to us from the faced; he was white and true. He is described New Testament and from our fathers of the Re- for us in Mrs. Kingsley's exquisite dedication of formed tradition. He knew the words and he held the life of her husband: fast to the great formularies of our Church as they are, without glosses and unauthorized addi- TO THE BELOVED MEMORY OF tions or subtractions; but he knew the love and A RIGHTEOUS MANthe life of which the words are only the symbols. He remembered his Master's words, "Not every- Who loved God. and truth above all things; one that saith unto me, Lord! Lord!" He joy- A man of untarnished honorfully said, "Lord! Lord! My Lord and my God." Loyal and chivalrous-gentle and strong- But he said the words with his life and .he vali- Modest and humble-tender and truedated them by love and truth and life. Loyalty Pitiful to the weak-yearning after the erringwith him meant not only assent to sound opinion Stern to all forms of wrong and oppression, but also the glory of an obedient will, a gentle Yet most stern towards himselfspirit, the love of the brotherhood, and the com- Who being angry yet sinned not. munion of the saints. Whose highest virtues were known only To his wife, his children, his Sl!rvants and the poor. But our words multiply beyond the need. It is Who lived in the presence of God here enough to sum all up in one word alone, "integ- And passing through the grave and the gate of death, Now liveth unto God forevermore.

AMERICAN YOUTH SEEKING The Lutheran News Bureau says, as the result of a recent comprehensive survey under- I taken by the National Lutheran Council in an effort to refute claims of waning interest: :. "Young men and women in American Churches today are demonstrating a broadening and deepening interest in religion. Distinct evidence is the fact that they are turning in ever-increas- ing numbers to the Church, swelling the membership rolls of the various youth organizations in a most remarkable fashion. National leaders of a few of the Church youth organizations report that membership and interest has fallen off to an alarming degree during the past few years, and attribute that decline to an over-strong emphasis on the social aspect of their groups.

Already, however, they announce plans to effect a complete reorganization with a renewed emphasis on the Gospel of Jesus Christ as the essential element of all Christian activity. They express confidence that this return to the fundamental purpose of the religious youth movement will create a thorough revitalization. Various youth groups have sought constantly to give primary emphasis to Christ and His Gospel. One organization reports a membership increase of more than 300 % during the past twenty years, and a youth leader of another Church states that 'during the year 1936-1937 we have grown faster than during any year since 1922. This is exceedingly encouraging since we have a very definite program built on spiritual values.'

"Stress the fundamentals of Christian faith; teach the regenerating Gospel of Christ; emphasize the challenge to decide on a life for Christ; instruct young people regarding the work of the Church and the extension of Christ's Kingdom; encourage Bible study; these ele- ments are basic in the programs of the successful; vital youth organizations and are offered as the only rules for success in appealing to the profounqest interest of young men and women.

"Evidence of the growing appeal of religion to American youth is the fact that attend- ance at their conventions-district, state, and national-is increasing rapidly. Bible camps, too, are gaining attention, and reports of activities during the past two summers indicate that it was impossible to accommodate the thousands eager to attend. Pocket Testament movements, Bible study groups, and various young peoples' service organizations have also developed and increased in significance during the past few years. Countless indications point to a renewed interest in the fundamental Christianity taught by Jesus Christ. There is a more vital interest in religion and the Church than we have had for some time."

Demands and Foreign

By the REV. CHARLES E. MADDRY, D.D., Richmond, Virginia ExecutitJe Secretary, Foreign Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention A FTER months of careful study and extensive and a host of pioneer missionaries have sowed the .l'" survey of mission work in thirteen coun- Gospel seed beside all waters. tries in which Southern Baptists have Then came the second stage of cooperation in work, we are more firmly convinced than ever before that the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ is the growth and development of foreign work, the one and only hope of mankind. The funda- when the native Christian constituency and the mental missionary motives are eternal and un- growing churches worked with the missionary, changing. As long as the curse of sin and death under his direction and supervision. The sup- porting boards in the homeland still supply most holds the race in bondage, just so long will the of the funds for the growing work. During this good news of salvation be imperatively necessary period the missionary was the official pastor, di- for the redemption and restoration of the fallen recting head and teacher in schools, colleges and race. Man's need for a Saviour from sin has not seminaries. The work on the newer fields is still changed; God's love of the sinner has not changed; in this stage of development. and Christ's power and will to save has not changed. Everywhere in foreign lands, we have Now comes the third and most critical stage of the indigenous church in the development of the seen at close range the Gospel of the first century older mission fields. It is the stage when the miscoming to grips with the degrading heathenism sionary must step aside and work under a native and unspeakable sin and moral leprosy of the leadership. We have reached this period of de- twentieth century and everywhere we have seen velopment in South and Central China; in Japan; the Gospel gloriously triumphant. in Brazil; and in Argentina. The spiritual chil- The motive and the imperative of the Christian dren have grown up and we can no longer keep missionary enterprise are eternal and unchang- them in leading strings even if we wanted to do so. ing. But methods of doing missionary work in all lands, and especially in the older mission fields, Transition to Native Autonomy are changing rapidly. Weare now passing through a very trying and critical transition pe- This transition began in the older mission fields riod in mission work abroad; if we successfully of China twenty-five years ago, but only within pass this crisis, it is going to call for the most recent years has the tendency toward self-support, patient and sympathetic understanding and the self-guidance and equality become a blessed realmost Christlike compassion on the part of our peo- ity. Our Foreign Mission Board is ninety-one ple in the homeland and especially of our mis- years old and this has been the goal of all our ensionaries on the foreign fields. deavors. The business of a foreign missionary is to work himself out of a job, to turn over the Three Stages of Development established and expanding work to growing churches and responsible leaders, and then to There have been three stages in the growth and move on into new and unevangelized regions.

development of foreign mission work. There has been a mistaken tendency on the part First, there was the pioneer stage, when the of most mission boards and missionaries to linger missionary did everything and the supporting too long in the port cities and the older mission boards in the homeland paid all of the expenses. fields. It is always hard for fond and indulgent This period covered the work of Carey and J ud- parents to realize that children grow up and son in India, and of the hosts of other men and should be set free to work out their own destiny.

women, heralds and martyrs in all lands who That same attitude has sometimes been mani- wrought gloriously and triumphantly in this in- fested in the older fields. We are prone to linger itial and pioneer stage of foreign mission work. too long, like the early church, in the hallowed and They laid a good foundation and others have built blessed environment of Jerusalem, and we fail to nobly on this foundation. "The field is the world" realize the call of Antioch for a more aggressive [17 ]

and wider ministry of pioneer evangelism. We capacity and ability with any similar group in welcome with joy and deep satisfaction the fact America. that in many of the older mission fields we have now come to the third stage in our missionary pro- What part does the missionary play in all this? gram of development-the period when the work Well, it began with the Shucks and Roberts, and must be turned over to the native churches and it was brought to fruition by Graves, Simmons, the native leadership that we have won and and Greens, and in more recent years it has been trained for this very purpose. nourished and fostered by a host of younger mis- sionaries, men and women, too numerous to men- Some older missionaries are finding it difficult tion here. to readjust themselves to the new day and to accommodate themselves to the changed attitude of The same process has taken place in Shanghai the new and untried native leaders. The mission- and Central China and the same blessed process aries fear that the new leaders will make mis- is going on in North and Interior China, in Japan, takes, so that the work for which they have given in South America, and on our mission fields in the best years of their lives will be retarded. Of Europe. course, these younger and less experienced Christians will make mistakes and they will not always We are now in the critical transition stage in do things as we think they should. Yes, they will the development of our mission work in Brazil, make mistakes-many mistakes, almost as many Argentina, and Chile. On our recent visit, new as we have made. But they will never learn to agreements and new bases of cooperation were do, except by doing; however painful the ordeal, entered into between the representatives of the we must believe in them and trust them. We al- Mission Board and the National conventions. ready have some glorious examples of what our For the first time, nationals have been placed at young and ardent brethren and sisters in these the head of several of our colleges. There have mission fields can do, when they come to respon- been readjustments and reorganizations and new sible maturity and when we trust them and co- responsibility and support, much of which has operate with them. been assumed by the new and growing churches. The most heartening thing we found in South Native Leadership in Mission Lands America was the fact that many of our churches have come to full financial support and are now We have been at work in South China for a self-directing, self-supporting, and self-propahundred years and God has poured out his bless- gating. ing upon that work in a marvelous way. To those who have not seen it with their own eyes, it is The Missionary's Part almost impossible to convey any adequate conception of what God has wrought in these one hun- What of the future? Is there still a place and dred years. Twenty-five years ago the Leung- need for the foreign missionary in this time of Kwong Baptist Convention was organized. It has transition and readjustment. been strictly Chinese from the beginning and the missionaries had the grace and wisdom to adopt One thing has impressed us, as we have seen the policy and ideal of cooperating with and work- this trend. These younger Christians and growing under the native leadership. What has been ing churches greatly need the sympathetic underthe outcome? standing and loving counsel of the missionary. More than ever before, the missionary is needed Under Chinese leadership, and made possible for guidance and help in organizing the churches, by Chinese financial support, there is today a won- in matters of self-government, of discipline and derful organization and system of boards, com- doctrine. If the missionary, like John the Bapmittees, agencies and institutions equal to those tist, is willing to "decrease" that the native found in any land. There is a marvelous system churches and leaders may "increase," there is a of Christian schools, beginning with the kinder- greater need for his services than ever before. garten and running through the primary, middle school, college, theological seminary, and woman's Also in the matter of training a native ministry training school. There is a separate school for and leadership, there is a greater need than ever. blind girls, an orphanage, and a home for old peo- We can never send enough missionaries to evanple. There is a five-story hospital, owned, oper- gelize all the nations. Our supreme task in the ated, and staffed by Chinese. In the very center new epoch of missionary endeavor is to develop a of all this intense activity is the Tung Shan Bap- native ministry that will evangelize its own land tist Church with three pastors and twenty-five far better than we can. Therefore we are still hundred members. The leaders and directing going to need missionaries-many of them, to heads of all these institutions and agencies are teach in schools, colleges, and seminaries; we will humble and devoted Chinese Christians, equal in need missionary doctors and nurses; and men and women with gifts for writing, translating and creating worthy Christian literature.

But most of all, there is need for God-called

MODERN DEMANDS AND FOREIGN MISSIONS

and Christ-filled men and women who are willing The missionary of the future must be sound in to press out from the port cities and away from body. One who is not physically fit should not go. the beaten track; who are willing to break new We have recently set up a rigid and exacting ground and to do pioneer work in giving the Gos- standard to which every one must measure up, pel to the millions who have never had a chance undergoing physical, mental and nervous tests. to receive salvation offered by Jesus Christ. The missionary of the future must be thor- There are still millions of people and vast areas oughly prepared for service. He must have a that are as yet untouched by the Gospel message. good mind, adequately trained. It is sinful waste Whole provinces in China are almost without the of money to send out a missionary who is unable Gospel. Millions in Japan have never heard of or too intellectually lazy to master a native tongue. the God of love. Great tribes in Nigeria have been begging for missionaries for a decade, and we Most important of all, the new missionaries have been unable to answer the call. Seven great must be spiritually endowed. They must have the states in Brazil are still without any evangelical attitude of Jesus toward the lost and erring. If missionary. Only a beginning has been made in one has never been used to win souls to Christ in giving the Gospel to "all the world." the homeland, a mere change of residence to for- eign land will not make them soul winners. One Missionaries in the days ahead must press out who goes as a missionary to a foreign land, should into fields that are still unevangelized. The port be able to say with Paul: "For I could wish that cities are overcrowded with missionary personnel I myself were accursed for Christ for my brethwhile vast areas are untouched with the Gospel. ren's sake, my kinsmen according to the flesh." We need today missionary candidates with the The missionary must be one in spirit and purpose sacrificial spirit and holy devotion of the early with Jesus in his statement, "For whosoever pioneers. The call of the lost in the great un- would save his life shall lose it; and whosoever occupied places of earth have entered deeply into shall lose his life for my sake and the gospel's our hearts and we are seeking for young men shall save it." and young women willing to go into these needy places and bury themselves for Christ's sake. Today, we must adopt new methods in mission- ary endeavors, but the missionary motives and The Missionary of the Future imperatives are unchanging for Jesus, the author and finisher of missions, is "the same yesterday, What type of missionary should be sent in this today and forever." day of changing methods in mif;sionary work?

ONE OF ISAIAH'S MISSIONARY MESSAGES The Book of the Prophet Isaiah is full of missionary messages, which fire zeal, faith and courage.

Isaiah 49 starts with "Listen 0 Isles!" and "Hearken ye people from afar!" It is His voice sending forth the news of the Gospel to all the nations, to the uttermost parts of the earth. Read the promise to the servant of the Lord. «I will also give Thee for a light to the gentiles, that Thou mayest be my salvation unto the end of the earth." After enumerating many blessings of the Gospel, the prophet predicts that people from all parts of the earth, from all points of the compass, will come to Him-"Behold, these shall come from far: and 10, these from the north and from the west and these from the land of Sinim" (an ancient name for China).

This great and wonderful work of salvation which is going on before our eyes in the uttermost parts of the world, brings forth from the heavens and the earth, and the very mountains, a loud song of praise. It is all the result of the great love of Him whose love is beyond that of a mother's love for her babe. To assure us that He will not forget or forsake us, He says, "Behold, I have graven thee upon the palms of my hands." The word "graven" indicates the use of a sharp instrument, which carves deeply and permanently our names in His very flesh, as the sharp, Roman nails pierced the palms of our Lord's hands on the Cross. How can He forget or forsake us? The sacred work of engraving is done by God himself: "I have graven thee upon the palms of my hands." The death of the Cross was entirely voluntary. Can we wonder that such a message attracts the millions of the ends of the earth, even to the jungle people, who sometimes do not seem to have the intelligence of human beings? Many fall down, love and trust, and worship Him. Those from the interior of the remotest isles and from the land of Sinim are "coming, coming, from afar!"

-The Pioneer (Celebes Islands). The Missionary Message for Today By PROF. JULIUS RICHTER, Berlin, Germany Editor of Neue Allegemeine Missions Zeitschri/tj Author of "Missions in India," Etc., Etc.

D URING the last twenty-five years there has uniqueness has been restricted so as to fit into the been a good deal of discussion as to the line prescribed by this or that philosophy of reli- essential content of the missionary message gion. Of course Christian messengers have al- and the methods of its application. The content ways to be on their guard against such shortcuts.

of the Gospel message was set forth in the great Battles have never been won by continuous com- declarations of the Lausanne and the Jerusalem promise or repeated retreats.

Conferences. Some will wish to add particular At other times the greater danger has been to doctrines of their Church, yet all will agree that emphasize particular points of the Message so the main lines are drawn distinctly. The central onesidedly that they were out of all proportion to content of the Gospel message may be expressed its body. Sects generally have the tendency to in two statements: stress their particular doctrines to such an extent First, that in the fullness of time God sent His and in such wise that the message unavoidably only begotten Son that, through His death on the becomes distorted and disfigured. The history of cros!s and by His resurrection, the new era of the the Christian Church and of the missionary move- world was inaugurated in which everyone of us ment is full of examples, such as Christian Sci- is offered justification by faith in Christ and re- ence, Mormonism, chiliasms of different kinds, ceives sonship in God's household. The whole uni- Pentecostal movements, or even disNnct doctrines verse looks forward to the consummation of the of the Church, the Apostolic succession, the sacra- Kingdom of God in glory. ments, or the legitimate offices of the Church.

The other statement is that all New Testament On the other hand the doctrine as an all round writings harmonize in their teaching of the new system of theology, with all its definitions and conception of God as our Father through Jesus scholastic determinations, is pushed into the fore- Christ. There is reinterpretation of the Old Tes- ground so that wholesale acceptance of a partament in the light of the Christian conception. ticular creed has seemed to be all that was asked Jesus the Christ is the Messiah of the prophets for and needed, obliterating the maj or issues of and His sacrifice on the Cross was for the consum- regeneration and of a full-orbed Christian life.

mation of His Kingdom. At the same time He By manifold exchanges and reapproachments lives in His believers and the Holy Spirit is the of the churches at home and abroad, by interde- pledge and guarantee of the divine life. The nominaNonal missionary conferences, by the ecu- Church is the spiritual body of Christ. The two menical movements, by a widespread missionary sacraments are baptism and the Lord's Supper. literature and by maturing missionary experience, We have remission of sins through the Cross of common convictions are growing and, as a re- Christ, and look forward to the resurrection of suIt, we hope that the dangers of adulterating the the body in spiritual form. However we formulate message in one or another direction will diminish. this belief we are able to reach an almost general A danger of a different kind which is becoming agreement. more and more apparent-it has always been There has always been a subtle danger either of present yet we have not always recognized it-is shortening the Gospel by pushing into the back- the radically different character of the Asiatic ground some beliefs which seemed to be at vari- culture religions which renders very difficult a ance with generally agreed upon convictions. The satisfactory approach and a full understanding miracle in any and every form has been an offence by those to whom the appeal is made. Let us to those who regard the law of cause and effect as choose those main religions to make our point the incontrovertible foundation of science. Any- clear. thing supernatural, or anti-rational was relegated Hinduism is a variegated group of religions; to a time when rational minds ruled supreme. yet in almost all of them the pantheism of the Comparative religion has seemed to prove that Brahman conception, the disvaluation of existence Christianity is only one of many religions, though by maya, and the robbing of life of any meaning of course the best and the most perfect. Its by the doctrine of endless transmigrations are [20 ]

THE MISSIONARY MESSAGE FOR TODAY

lurking in the background. Redemption appar- Deep thinking is necessary to understand the ently is the common aim of Christianity and of points of view of those other religions, to value Hinduism, but its meaning is radically different aright the enormous amount of pious meditation in the two religions. In Hinduism it means ceas- that underlies them; to estimate the gulf seping to e}Qist, in Christianity it means consumma- arating them from the fundamental facts and contion of existence. The situation becomes more victions of Christianity; to build a solid bridge difficult and complicated as, in the numberless of clear thought and sound religious experience sects and currents of Hinduism; the variations of across that gulf and to lead the followers of these the foreground and of the background of life are religions carefully and lovingly across. so illusive that one never knows exactly where one stands. The spiritual history of converts of But the question raised was quite different. It first-rate, like Nehemiah Goreh, would be tragic is this: Should the simple Gospel of salvation under this point of view but it is instructive and through Christ be the main content of the misshould be carefully studied by Indian mission- sionary message or should additional teaching be included along more complex theological lines, aries. church polity, social service and other Christian The situation is slightly different with regard obligations? To this question we give fourfold answer: to Buddhism though it participates in all the fundamental errors of Hinduism, pushing the doc- 1. Doubtless the Gospel message must be intetrine of transmigration a disastrous step farther grated in the life of the messenger and in that of by denying any continuity of the soul or any real- the Christian congregation has accepted Christ's ity of self. Splitting into many branches in Hina- message and is sending the messages. The old yana, and even more in Mahayana, Buddhism has Latin proverb is quite right: Vita clerici evanbuilt up a religious structure which enables its gelium popali – the life of the clergyman is the devotees to live on two different levels-there is Gospel read and understood by the people. That the radical nihilism of the sunyata doctrine of the is even more true in pagan countries where the absolute emptiness of the universe and the won- missionaries' homes have glass walls, open doors derfully pictorial imagery of the western para- and windows and are scrutinized carefully, or dise; there is the radical atheism of original Bud- even suspiciously, from morning to night. How dhism and the temples of the ten thousand idols; often one false move of a young missionary has there is the almost superhuman concentration of spoiled his work. It is the same with the Chrismeditation observed by hermits immured in lonely tian congregation growing up under the message. caves in the wilderness, and the blatant sacramen- They must "show forth the praises of Him who talism and sacerdotalism of endless religious serv- has called them out of darkness into his marvelices, prayer wheels, and readings of canonical lous light" (1 Peter 2: 9). They must shine as books by the weeks and months. It is as if a pil- lights against their dark environment. grim were walking through a wonderful paradise, yet a dismal abyss were lurking below engulfing 2. It is unavoidable that the missionary movehim at every step. How extremely difficult it is ment in all times has had its concomitants in faeven to stir up a feeling of that realism with re- vorable or unfavorable contemporaneous currents. gard to religion which is characteristic of Chris- In the three first centuries the six or seven orientianity. tal "mystery movements" were competing with the young Christian religion, all of them equally Or lOOK at Confucianism. Since the brilliant profiting by the decomposition of the traditional expositions of Professor de Groot in his famous religions of the nations within the Roman empire, book, "Universismus," we have become fully con- and by the awakened hunger after the living God. scious of the scope of law and harmony in the On a different plane in the Middle Ages, and again world, the same laws pervading nature and men, in the nineteenth century, Christian missions individuals and society; every trespass troubling were regarded as the outstanding exponents of the harmony having its punishment; sacrifices the highest civilization within reach of their misnecessary for the restoration of the cosmic order. sionary constituency. Such situations are rapidly On this basis, of course, the Christian conception changing; for older Christians it is astounding of the fall, of sin, particularly original sin, of re- how the background has shifted from the general demption by the cross of Christ, of a radical re- admiration for the "Christian civilization" of the casting of a lost universe in the consummation of "Christian nations" to the anti-white and antithe Kingdom of God – all these are considered christian currents of the present time. Christian utter nonsense. Yet how can we convince a well- missionaries need wisdom to keep in view the trained Chinese, immersed from early boyhood in fundamental difference and the dividing line bethe teachings of his classics, that his optimistic tween their Message and their contemporaneous world view is wrong and that the Christian con- concomitants; they dare not confound the ideal ception fully agrees with the real facts of life? of democracy with the Gospel of Christ. If they battle with a united front, they must always march Fourthly, the missionaries are conscious that separately, or the opposite. they are nothing more or less than the channels through which the Spirit of Christ is working in Thirdly, there are situations and conditions of our generation. Their deepest desire is to open misery and degradation against which Christian these channels by keeping their own lives pure, philanthropy cannot remain callous and never has to make them an effective testimonial for this been. If thousands of "untouchables" are losing Spirit. To remove all obstacles which block the their meagre means of existence by conversion channels and hinder the flow of the Spirit is the and baptism, the missionaries would be hard- main content of their missionary meditations and hearted if they were not on the lookout for means planning. of improving their disastrous plight. If the present Bolshevistic communism is offering the hope- In a ruined castle in South Germany I read an lessly impoverished masses of the East a worldly almost vanished inscription: Hic transitat Cmsar: Gospel of a happy classless state, with complete "Here the emperor entered." I was awe-struck, equality of social standard, Christian missions remembering the glorious time of the emperors would be on a lost track if they did not add to and what they meant to my fatherland. I felt their preaching of the Kingdom of righteousness, near to their ancient glories. The invisible insome broad-minded and forward-looking schemes scription over the door of all foreign missions of social help that visibly interpret their Gospel. reads: Hic transit Christ: "Here our Lord Jesus Missionaries cannot remain stolid in view of the Christ invisibly passes through the lands." Only sea of sickness and suffering, particularly if they in so far as all missions follow in His footsteps; remember that European vagrants, colonial in- only so far as missionaries, "with open face befluences, and world commerce have transplanted holding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are new terrible scourges and plagues, and that the changed into the same image from glory to glory, natives rightly would curse the Christian civiliza- even as by the Spirit of the Lord" is their work tion and its exponents, if the missionaries piti- owned by the Lord and produces eternal value. lessly look at their doom. He is the living, life-giving message for all time.

DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF MODERN CHRISTIAN MISSIONS 1. Modern missions have a more extensive geographic spread than missions in previous cen- turies, as well as contact with a much wider range of cultures and religion.

2. The number of kinds of Christianity propagated is very large in the modern era, because so many different communions are participating in spreading the faith.

3. In spite of the divisions of Protestantism there is very extensive cooperation between Prot- estant missionary forces.

4. Missions are almost completely divorced from the political policy of the lands from which they have come, in marked contrast to what was the common practice in previous cen- turies.

5. Missionaries are protesting as never before against the exploitation by their fellow coun- trymen of the people among whom the missionaries live. This is not to forget the work done long ago by Las Casas in trying to check the Spanish conquistadores. .

6. Missions have a much broader base of financial support, being participated in by a very large number of persons, as contrasted with missions in earlier times when they were mainly supported by the state, or by political or ecclesiastical magnates.

7. The large part played by women is one of the most distinctive features of Protestant mis- sions, women outnumbering men on the field, while at home women carry a large part of the burden of supporting missions.

8. The great number of social and humanitarian activities attached to modern missions is another very distinctive characteristic. Schools, hospitals, famine relief, agricultural improvement and cooperative societies are very common features.

9. The standard for admission to baptism is generally very high. Consequently there have been much fewer mass conversions than in previous centuries. Protestant missions have preferred to have fewer converts than to admit people who were not prepared for mem- bership.

10. Though there have not been many mass conversions there has been a great deal of "mass modification" of the customs and ethical standards of the countries where missions operate, much of such modification being due directly or indirectly to missions.-Prof.

Latourette of Yale University; International Review of Missions.

CROSSI:'-iG A PART OF THE, GREAT ARABIA:-I DESERT IN

Medical Work I• n Arabia W. H. STORM, M.D., F.R.G.S., Bahrain, Persian Gulf.

Missionary of the Reformed Church in America p MO,N,'G m,issionary statesmen, metho,ds of P,ro- In the following words the late Sir William claiming the Gospel are often indicated as Osler has well depicted the unique qualifications of direct and indirect. The direct method' a doctor: means the direct preaching of the Gospel alonl:i,) By his commission the physician is sent to the sick.

while the indirect method aims at reaching the and knowing in his calling neither Jew nor Gentile, bond people through education, healing, and various or free, perhaps he alone rises superior to those differ- ences which separate and make us dwell apart, too often philanthropic works, such as social uplift,,~ll oblivious to the common hopes and frailities which should bind us together as a race. In his professional relations, with varying degrees of preaching and personal though divided by national lines, there remains the feel- work interspersed. ' ','

Missionaries among Moslems are working witli ing that he belongs to a guild which owes no local al- legiance, which has neither king nor country, but whose the greatest social and religious system that has work is in the world. The Aesculapian temple has given evolved ,in the world since Christ. It is the place to the hospital, and the priestly character of the strongest opponent, today, of Christianity. Year physician has vanished with the age; still, there is with after year missionaries plod along using both us a strong feeling of brotherhood, a sense of unity, methods, of missionary endeavor with but little which the limitations of language, race and country have tangible results. The rock of Islam seems impreg- not been able to efface.

nable a.nd' the Christian Church remains asleep When to these qualifications strong missionary to its challenge. Everywhere among Moslems the zeal is added, the doctor then becomes peculiarly mi~sionary doctor has proved himself to be' a fitted for work among the Moslems.

most vaJifable asset in winning friendships and When we analyze our work as medical mis- thus making contacts for otJ:l.er workers ;,~()f br.eak~ sionaries, we ask ourselves the question; Is our ing down prejudice, opposition, fear, anQ super- task, i.e., the task of the medical people, dif- stition; of softening the fanaticism of heart and ferent from that of other missionaries? I think mind; and of opening up closed fields. it is the duty of everyone of us to first lay aside [ 23 ]

the mantle of his profession, and face the task It is too €asy for us medical people to say that in the light of all being first and foremost am- the evangelistic end of the hospital work is the bassadors of Christ. Our work is then what?' pastor's job. There ought to be the highest type In the words of the Master we read the Great of cooperation between the evangelistic worker Commission: "Go ye therefore, and teach all and the doctor, and, if in the hospital wards and the hospital clinics, and on tours, the evangelistic worker sees an opportunity to further his con- tacts and deliver the message of Christ, he should be encouraged. But in no sense does this l€ssen the responsibilities and duties of the doctor.

Let us look at our hospitals as a unit. What do they stand for in the community? Are they places where· medicine is given fr€e, and the doctor is some sort of Santa Claus doling out pills and salts free of char.,ge? Is it a competing insti- tution with other irtstitutions nearby? If so, I am afraid we have little excuse for existing. On the other hand, does it stand out clear-cut as a PASSING SOME OF THE BLACK TENTS OF ARABIA definite witness for Christ both in its ministry of nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, healing and its proclamation of His message? and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost." If we cannot see in our hospitals this definite mis- sionary program, then in the name of all that is Our training has been entirely different, i.e., just, have we any right to POs€ as Christian misthe training of the teacher and the evangelist sionary doctors and nurses in a Moslem land? has been quite different from that of the medical person. The doctor can remove an appendix,. or Because of the extr€me isolation of mission stasew up a wound, while the preacher would find it tions in a field like Arabia, it is often necessary to extremely difficult; and vice versa, the duties develop one's own hospital staff. Native boys who. of the preacher and the teacher would be equally show an adaptibility to hospital work are trained.

hard for the doctor. Our applications must of necessity then be different, but is it not entirely true that we are aiming at the same goal and the same ends? What is this goal, and what are th€se ends? Are they not, in simple language, the giving of Christ as Saviour to the people among whom we work?

In the medical field, unquestionably, lies the op- portunity to show our training and our knowledge along medical lines. It is our job to teach, where- ever we can, the principles of hygiene. and sani- tation, and to do all in our power to lessen the spread of dis€ase and to relieve suffering; to put it into one sentence, to uplift the physical and social, and thereby the economical scale of the people among whom we work. Can we stop there and say that we have set a Christian exampl€ and thus take satisfaction in a job well done? In the name of social service, Yes; but in the name of Christian missions, No. Can we stop with the satisfaction gained by having done all we can to relieve human suffering among those with whom we have come in contact? We will have done a Christ-like service and given a picture of Christ in one of his most wonderful aspects. That is most worth while, but surely we cannot stop there.

We must link that s€rvice up with the real mes- sage and our real purpose so that the service and the one who serves will not overshadow the Christ whose ambassadors we are. DESERT URCHINS OF ARABIA

MEDICAL WORK IN ARABIA

Photo by W. Harold Storm A CLINIC HELD BY DR. STORM FOR ARABS OF THE DESERT By daily example of real Christ-like living among the medical and evangelistic points of view. Even those on whom he must depend for his assistants, when these women are interested in a Christ who the doctor has his greatest responsibility. If he would bring hope into their lives, they are forsets the proper example they will follow; if he bidden to attend church where they might hear fails they are in a worse state, for an ideal has more of Him, or if the evangelist is too zealous vanished. A daily prayer meeting to begin the she may find it difficult to gain access to the day's work, attended by all the staff from the women. And here is where the doctor is of utsweeper to the doctor where God's blessing on the most importance. She is too necessary to be forday's work is asked, and where everyone senses bidden to the houses, and so the way remains open the real purpose of the mission hospital, starts the for her to bring Christ into the harems. Even the day in the proper spirit and does much to win the most fanatical Moslem cannot remain too severely Moslem helper. The importance of a continuous antagonistic to the Christian through whom the Christian atmosphere among the hospital boys is life of a favorite wife or child is preserved. evident when' one realizes that they have even closer contacts with the patients than the doctor. In Moslem lands medical tours playa very large Inasmuch as they are natives they can enter into part in our work. The history of the Arabian an inner circle of thought that is well nigh im- Mission is indeed a history of medical tours. At possible for a foreigner to penetrate. A hospital first, tours were made along the coast, then inhelper in Bahrain who was an earnest inquirer land. In 1917, Dr. Harrison was called to Riadh and undergoing severe persecution, was on the and made the first inland tour to the heart of verge of throwing all aside. Because of the per- Arabia. Others followed reaching Taif near the sonal nature of these problems there was little Red Sea and Hail in the extreme north. Then, in that we could do for him except to show love and 1935, I was able to make a tour of 5,000 miles sympathy. One day he said to the doctor, "It is across the peninsula and around the coasts from love that has conquered me." Yenbo to Bahrain visiting all provinces. Thus medical tours have touched many parts of the Perhaps the most useful and necessary medical Arabian Peninsula. work in Arabia and among Moslems everywhere, is that done by the woman doctor. There are From a purely medical point of view and the scarcely any people more in dire medical need frequent discomforts it often causes the doctor, than Arab women and children, and there is also touring is far from satisfactory. But evangelistino work more difficult and discouraging both from cally, the opportunities are unlimited, and for making acquaintances among Arabs their worth

is invaluable. For example, we went to Jahara, taining the doctor and his friend? And so we all a village near Kuwait, unannounced, and in just gather around the coffee cups. a few minutes, despite the fact that we were at first told to go home, there had gathered sixty to I refuse to do more treatment and try to rele- gate myself as much as possible into the back- ground – a difficult and most essential part of every medical missionary's task. The evening clinic then belongs to my colleague. Conversation follows in a free and natural way. Invariably it takes a religious turn, for no one is more religious than our Moslem brother. In his mind several obvious comparisons are at work. He often asks questions. Why did the doctor come today? Why does he treat these people with love and kindness? Why do we not do the same?

He has seen the practical demonstration of the Christian message, and now it is our opportunity to proclaifu£the Good News to an interested audi- ence. Often we show them a beautiful picture such as the Good Shepherd, and follow that by reading to. them the Shepherd's story from the tenth chapter of John. Their Hfe is so wrapped up in their· desert and their sheep that this story registers with real meaning. They love to look and look at the picture. On into the evening we discuss together Christ as the Good Shepherd.

The mejilis breaks up and we retire to our rest under the bright stars of an Arab night. Our PUSHING OUR AUTO OUT OF TROUBLE ON ARABIAN TOUR seventy men. Some we treated with the few med- THE FAMOUS MINARET IN TARIM, HADRAMAUT icines we had brought along. Then they listened to the story of the prodigal son. We left; the casual hearts are thankful that God has given us this observer might say, what is the use of all that opportunity, and our prayers are, that His Spirit trouble? But in two or three days, four or five may speak and work in the hearts and minds of people came into the hospital as in-patients. One our Arab friends. man nearly dead from scurvy and malnutrition was brought in on a donkey the whole twenty miles and we were able to save his life. While he was an in-patient he saw for the first time in his life Christ's love in action.

The method which I have found most satisfactory in presenting the Gospel story to my Arab friends is itinerary village work.

There are many ways in which to carry out village tours, but this way is most effective. The evangelistic worker and I go to a village together. We start out in the late afternoon after the heat of the day has subsided. Immediately upon arriving a crowd gathers upon the shady side of one of their date stick huts, and I hold a clinic. We then eat dinner with one of the villagers. Following the meal, as is customary among the Arabs, they all gather together for coffee and to exchange the day's news. Our host's mejilis (meeting-place) is most popular. Is he not enter-

Bible and the Koran

By the REV. E. W. G. HUDGELL, M.A., Port Said Egypt Secretary of the British and Foreign Bible Society I T WAS a hot afternoon in Cairo. A young mis- him. This "having the mind darkened" is a fair sionary was wrestling with the grammatical reflection of the spiritual state of such men. As perplexities of the Arabic language. His for a copy of the Koran finding its way into the teacher, an Egyptian with a Western education, hands of an unbeliever (i. e., a non-Moslem), that, was patient and sympathetic. too, is generally looked upon with disfavor.

"English is a better language," he remarked. Reverence for Scripture "Why do you say that?" asked the astonished student. There is found in Moslem lands a reverence for "Because," was the reply, "with English you what may be termed "Holy Scripture," i. e. an read in order to know; but with Arabic you know authoritative book, divine in origin and an infalin order to read!" lible guide. This reverence may be regarded as Here is a fundamental difference of concept in exaggerated; but it exists. Not only do Moslems regard to the function of language. An equally display such reverence towards. the Koran, but deep cleavage of opinion exists between the Chris- many of them also include the Holy Bible. tian view of the function of the Bible and the Here is one case out of numb~rs that are re- Moslem view of the function of the Koran. The ported from time to time. "While 1 was waiting Christian will approve when he hears it said, "A for a train at the station, a Moslem approached Gospel is the best tract." For a tract is meant to and in a low voice asked for a Bible. 1 at once be read in order that a man may come to know- opened my bag and handed him one. He took it, may come to know his own sinfulness, his power- looked up towards the sky and said, 'Thanks be to lessness to help himself and "the loving-kindness Thee, 0 Lord, for sending me this Bible.' Then of God our Saviour" who provides a way of sal- he kissed ~t, enquired the price and paid it saying, vation from sin and furnishes men with the power 'I have lived all my life in sin, and have been a to live according to His will. great man only in doing evil. But a year ago a It is this view of the Bible-the view that it has man like you gave me a Gospel according to St. a divine message of its own apart from human John. 1 laughed at him for giving me such a expounding-that a man by reading it may come book, told myself that it would do me no good, and to know the message as .one for his own soul- put it in my pocket. One day while 1 was sitting which led Charles Spurgeon to ask the indignant alone, 1 took it out and began to read it from the question, "Defend the Bible? 1 would as soon beginning. 1 found it very interesting and went think of defending a lion! Let it out! It can take on reading until 1 finished it. Then 1 read it again care of itself!" and again. 1 asked Christians about the things 1 did not understand, gave up the bad things 1 It is this profound faith in the efficacy of the used to do, and became a new man. 1 believe in Holy Scriptures that is the motive that leads the Bible Societies to promote the widest possible dis- Christ that He is my Saviour, because He loved tribution in all languages, in all lands, in all sinners; and 1 always speak with my Moslem hands. brethren about Christ, so that they call me, in our Not so, however, is it with the Moslem and the village, the preacher of Christ.' " Koran. He believes that Arabic is "the language This respect for the Bible on the part of Mosof the angels" and regards it as blasphemous to lems is due in part to a passage in the Koran which translate the Koran out of its original Arabic into says, "We also caused Jesus the son of Mary to any other language. It has been done in some follow the footsteps of the prophets, confirming cases even by Moslems themselves; but only into the law which was sent down before him; and we five or six languages in all; and the .attempt is gave him the Gospel, containing direction and not generally regarded with favor. Such conser- light; confirming also the law which was given vatism towards the language of the Koran leads before it, and a direction and admonition unto to the unedifying spectacle of a Bengali, for ex- those who fear God; that they who have received ample, struggling to memorize it and to repeat, the Gospel might judge according to what God parrot-fashion, words which have no meaning for hath revealed therein." (Sale, "The Koran," p. 79.) [27]

This seemingly favorable passage is somewhat The literary Arabic is much the same in all nullified by one immediately following it: "We countries where Arabic is read, but the colloquial have also sent down unto thee the book of the differs widely from country to country. In Egypt, Koran with truth, confirming that Scripture for example, a request for "leben" brings milk aR which was revealed before it; and preserving the it is commonly understood; in Palestine, the same same safe from corruption." request would bring loppered milk. So great is the disparity between the colloquials of Egypt and PILGRIMS BOUND FOR MECCA Palestine that a scornful maidservant in Jeru- salem once remarked of the writer, "He can't This superiority ascribed to the Koran over the speak Arabic; he can only talk Egyptian!" Law and the Gospel is interpreted to mean that it has superseded them. What little favorable testi- The Bible Societies strive to make use of the mony the Koran does give to the Bible is appealed atmosphere of reverence for Scripture found in to and used, with mutual respect, when the Bible Moslem lands. "They find, on the other hand, obis offered to Moslems and is made a reason for jections to the Bible and seek for the right antelling them that they ought to read it. Often the swers. They also endeavor to surmount the reply comes: "The Bible is for Christians and barriers of colloquial speech by publishing Bible the Koran for Moslems." portions in different varieties of it. The Arabic Bible in literary style, that enduring monument The answer to this objection is, '''The Bible is to the careful and scholarly labors of two great the Word of God; and God means His Word to American missionaries, Dr. Eli Smith and Dr. C. be for all men whether they be Christians or Mos- Van Dyck, is firmly fixed in estimation of edulems or Jews." cated people, and circulates throughout the lands -South America, North Africa, Western Asia, Two Kinds of Arabic Arabia and the East Indies – where Arabic is It ought to be made clear that there are two read. Its potential outreach to people is greater, kinds of Arabic, literary and colloquial. The two perhaps, than that of. the Bible in any language are so diverse as to be almost different languages. save English. The importance of this can hardly A confident graduate of a Western university, be overestimated. But to those of little learning who had studied literary Arabic during his col- it is laboriously difficult to read and often uninlege career, arrived in Cairo and set out at once telligible. For such, therefore, there is a growing alone to buy a few necessities at native shops. His volume of pUblication in the language of everypolished periods, however, produced only uncom- day life, natural and easy, flexible and unstilted. prehending dismay in the faces of the shopkeepers. None of the necessities were produced The chief usefulness of these colloquial texts at until he was rescued by a passing friend who present is for reading aloud to small gatherings could chatter away in "the vulgar tongue." of the illiterate, especially the women and girls whose education is considered of little or no im- portance ! They also find some acceptance among Jews – of whom there are thousands in North Africa and Egypt, to say nothing of Palestine- who, although they may have some knowledge of Hebrew, yet do their trading in Arabic. A col- porteur reported recently, "I entered a Jewish shop where there were three men and began to read aloud to them from the Psalms in Egyptian colloquial Arabic. I noticed signs of delight on the faces of all three. Each of them bought a copy, and one of them added, 'If the Bible Society had not taken the trouble to publish this transla- tion, the Bible would have become to us but a venerable antiquity.' "

Problems of Distribution The great problem confronting the Bible So- cieties in Moslem lands is that of distribution. How can we get the books into the hands of those who can read, and especially those who are not Christians. There are some favorable factors in the situation but the unfavorable ones and the

THE BIBLE AND THE KORAN CONTRASTED

prejudices against the Bible are stronger far than Indeed, he does; and indeed God can through those for it. Illiteracy is general. It is useless to the Word! Several colporteurs are themselves dump books on people who will not and cannot converts from Islam.

read them. Under such circumstances the only For Ohristian Minorities hope of success is to pick men carefully for the personal work, train them in their task, and su- Christians are a minority in all the Moslem pervise them constantly in such a way as to allow lands except in the Republic of the Lebanon, of them freedom of spirit, while maintaining the which Beirut is the capital. It is necessary to level of their spiritual life and business efficiency. Such a ministry by a Bible Society agent forms a have lived with a Christian minority to appreciate very real "cure of souls." That it is done, is not known, as a rule, outside Bible Society circles- "the reproach of Christ" and what a shame (soand not always even within them! But it is done, and it produces results. It gives the colporteur cially) it can be to be a Christian. There is, morean honorable vocation. He is no longer despised over, an impalpable and silent but yet very real as one who has become a colporteur because he is fit for nothing else! "Ambition should be made pressure exerted on the soul by the presence of of sterner stuff." When once the colporteur real- Islam in the mass, and by the spiritual deadness izes that he holds an honorable place among the workers for the Kingdom of God, he gets the right and dryness induced thereby. If this is felt by ambition-the most unselfish and uplifting ambition in the world-to be boundlessly ambitious for missionaries from the West, with all their spir- God. As a Syrian colporteur observed, "I am itual advantages, how much more will it affect the happier at selling a man a Bible than at anything scattered native Christians! There will often be else I know." That same man spent his holiday but one or two Christian families in the whole of last Christmas Day in selling Bibles because, as a big Moslem village. Their lot is hard; for nothhe said, it was a good day on which to offer men ing is quite so cruel and inhuman as "religion" the story of the birth of Jesus. They are drawn without the boundless love and compassion of from many walks of life-weavers, tailors, boot- Christ. A visit from an itinerant Bible seller is makers, carpenters, farm-hands. Many of those often a God-send to people in such a case. Three in Egypt owe their education to the American cases have come to light in recent months where Presbyterian Mission-the largest in the country. such visits, accompanied by the reading of the Bible aloud, have slerved to keep back lonely Chris- What do these men accomplish in Egypt during tian men from apostatizing and denying their an average year? The American and British So- faith. One was in Trans-Jordan, another in a country village of the Nile Delta, and the third in Alexandria.

No less than 80 % of the population of Egypt is afflicted with eye-trouble in one form or an- cieties, both of which are at work in the country, other. It is imperative, therefore, that the Scripemploy about 32 men. The population of the tures should be constantly available in large, bold country is a little less than 16,000,000, of whom type. For those who have quite lost their sight about 1,000,000 are Christians. The total circula- and have to read with their fingers, the complete tion of the two Societies combined, in the year Arabic Bible is published in Braille type and fills 1935 in Egypt, was just under 152,000 books. 32 volumes. Each volume costs an average of In Syria during the same year the total circula- $1.25 to produce, but is sold at a flat rate of the tion of the two Societies amounted to nearly equivalent of 371;2 cents. Where poverty is too 34,000 of which the.colporteurs were responsible deep to raise even that much, a gift is made upon for the sale of 24,000. In Iraq the colporteurs the fulfilment of certain reasonable conditions.

sold nearly 12,000 books out of a total circulation "Drops of water hollow out rocks," albeit they of 15,600. It is not too much to say that the col- take a long time over doing it. Drops of the Water porteur is the backbone of Bible-work in Moslem of Life are being poured onto stony hearts. It lands. They themselves recognize the importance takes a long time to produce appreciable results.

and significance of their work, as is shown by the Who, in view of the method and the problem, following incident. would expect anything else? But there is an ex- A colporteur offered a Bible to some Moslems hilaration, an inspiration, sometimes even an ex- who were sitting in a shop. citement about keeping the drip constant-week "Are you a preacher?" one of them asked. after week, month after month, year after year.

"No," was the reply, "I am a colporteur." Here and there, in individual lives, there shows "Beware!" said another man. "This man is sufficient success to encourage-to counteract the worse than a preacher who speaks and goes away. gloomy entry, "Sold, and no result." Who knows?

This man leaves a book that is able to convert the Keep the drip constant; the results are in God's Moslems !" keeping. Christian Morale in War–Torn China By REV. FRANK W. PRICE, Shanghai Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S.

TETTERS from all parts of war-torn China re- from a well-known Christian educator and church- L veal a marvelous spirit of faith and courage. man in Nanking. He was still carrying on his The Chinese nation and people believe that work and his wife and children were still in the they are fighting a "war of independence" against city, in spite of 65 air raids between August 15 military aggression and oppression. Although and October 20.

weaker in material equipment and arms, China is "The growing interest and sympathy in Amer- strong in purpose and the people are ready for ica at present is in large measure the direct result every necessary sacrifice to win the ultimate vic- of efforts put forth by many friends China has tory for freedom. Missionaries in China are al- among your people. The American sense of jus- most unanimously in sympathy with China's cause tice and humanity is a rich source from which and believe that one of their great contributions will come a strong moral support that will nerve at the present time is to help maintain the morale China in her struggle and hence will bind the two of the people. Chinese Christian leaders are ris- peoples in closer and more solid friendship so as to ing to the emergency and are doing their part protect effectively the peace of the world. . . .

heroically by carrying on their regular work or "China has finally been compelled to defend her- special work in the face of great dangers and by self. She is now staking her all on the tremen- a devoted ministry of relief to the wounded and .dous task of breaking the yoke of oppression, and homeless. This work is winning praise on all of securing the right for independent existence.

sides. These are most terrible days that China has to go Four representative statements, out of a large through but she is quite prepared for the sacrifice.

number received within the past month, show how In no struggle has there ever been a more perfect missionaries and Chinese Christians are bearing example bf spiritual forces against the material.

their witness in this greatest crisis of China's China is opposing an enemy many times better history. armed than herself. It is a wonder that the Chi- lo Christian educational institutions. The fol- nese army has been able to meet the onslaughts lowing statement issued on September 24 by the and hinder the enemy's progress. We cannot forefaculty of Cheeloo· University, situated at Tsinan, cast the duration of this life-and-death struggle, in Shantung Province, is typical of what the but we are convinced of the determination of the Christian schools in China are saying and doing Government and people not to stop short of the in the war situation: achievement of an entire and independent national "The faculty realizes that the time may come existence. The present warfare has done away when heavy bombardment or the approach of the with the distinction of front and rear, of military invading army will make it seem wise for the re- and civilian, of combatant' and non-combatant.

maining faculty and students to scatter. It is The whole nation is bleeding; those who are not important for everyone to understand that such bleeding in flesh are bleeding in heart. The air- a contingency, or even possible destruction of raids make us feel glad in a way that we are shar- some of the buildings, and loss of equipment, will ing in the sacrifice of the nation."

not destroy Cheeloo. This institution consists not 3. Missionaries. Rev. Ronald Rees, secretary so much in land and bricks and tile, as in tradi- of the National Christian Council in China, writes tions, in its records of work, in loyalty of staff and of the changed situations and new opportunities students and alumni, in reputation and support facing the missionary. Speaking of the great mi- in many countries. These things are not easily gration from the coastal provinces to the interior, destroyed, and, from them, if necessary, Cheeloo he says: can rise again, whatever may be in store for her "Northerners have gone on to Sian, Hankow, buildings in the immediate future." Changsha, and many of them on farther. Gov- 2. Chinese Christiq,n leaders. The following ernment and educational organizations are estab-, paragraphs are taken from a letter just received lished now in Hankow, Changsha, Chungking. I [30 ]

CHRISTIAN M'ORALE IN WAR-TORN CHINA '31

think we may expect to see the tide rolling on to that would be heard above the din of battle strife Szechwan, Kweichow, Kwangsi and Yunnan. and reach every member of our home church.

"What effect will these movements have on the "Weare witnesses of the heroic sacrifices and people of China and their future? In the first sufferings of the people to whom we have been place ordinary men and women (not only stu- sent, in their determined oneness of purpose to dents and intellectuals) are conscious as never preserve at all costs their national existence and before of a national emergency and its cause. freedom against a powerful and inhuman military Secondly, national unity is being extended and machine. The bravery of the Chinese soldiers deepened by the common bond of suffering. In commands our admiration, and the patient en- the third place, the intellectual leaders of China durance of the ordinary people stirs our sympathy had been chiefly in the coastal provinces. Many and desire to help. But more than this, we are are now going far inland, perhaps for an extended touched by the turning of the people to us for period. The modernizing and westernizing proc- comfort and encouragement in this darkest hour ess is bound to be hastened in central and west- of their national history.

ern China. "Our Chinese friends in all walks of life were "The people staying in the coastal provinces are bewildered by the very suggestion that all mis- going to need the most tender and faithful sup- sionaries might be withdrawn from China. They port. So, also, those in the northern provinces could not see that it was necessary, and to them torn away from the main body and under foreign it looked like a flight. We have lived and worked (and probably ruthless) domination, if the experi- with them through peace and famine and pesti- ence of Korea and Manchuria means anything. lence and civil wars, and now at the moment of But the center and west of China are going to be their extreme national peril they still look to their open in new ways, for there the heart and mind Christian friends to stay by them and meet what- of China may be centered." ever may come. Their Christian leaders have said The following messages are taken from groups this openly, and innumerable individuals have of Southern Presbyterian missionaries whose said so privately to their missionary acquaintwork in Chekiang and Kiangsu has been acutely ances, and the faces of multitudes express their affected, to their home church. From a group at satisfaction at seeing their foreign friends carry- ing on as usual. Tsingtao: "Our work is slowed down, not stopped. Prac- "When we see these things we are profoundly impressed with the potentialities of these troutically all our churches and institutions are carry- blous times. We are now faced with the greatest ing on in one way or another through the faithful crisis that has ever confronted the Church of cooperation of our Chinese fellow-workers. The Christ in this land. The Chinese word for crisis outlook for Christian work in China at the out- is made up of two words, "danger" and "opportubreak of hostilities was unprecedented. The peo- nity." We are not blind to the dangers, but we are ple were more friendly and open-minded than at thrilled at the thought of the opportunities before any previous time. There was a steady stream of accessions to the company of believers and the us. We appeal to you for your loyal and faithful churches had made marked advance in church support as we face these dangers and opporconsciousness and self-support. They, too, were tunities. getting a fresh and inspiring vision of our obli- "This is not a time to quit, but supremely a time gation and opportunity. . . . At a time like this to stand by. On all sides we see stores with the the influence and opportunity of the missionary fronts boarded up as a protection against bombs who shares the sorrows of the people and com- and bullets, but with the sign on the door, "Busiforts and counsels is greatly enhanced as com- . ness as usual." As Christians in the business of the Kingdom, this should also be our motto. God's pared with ordinary times." work must not and cannot stop."

A group of twenty-three missionaries in Shang- These letters reveal the intrepid missionary hai, many of whom were going back and forth to spirit in China now. their stations in or near the fighting area, wrote as follows: 4. Chinese appreciation of Christian sympathy "With the resounding explosions of bombs and and support. In many ways government leaders shells, the hum of airplanes, and the rat~tat-tat of and the non-Christian public have expressed their machine guns in our ears, constantly reminding appreciation of the stand taken by missionaries us of the struggle to the death in which this be- and Chinese Christians. On September 27, the loved country of our adoption is engaged, we a China Press, a Chinese-owned daily newspaper in company of twenty-three of your missionaries the English language, published the following edi- temporarily in Shanghai, amid all the confusion torial under the title "Christian Loyalty": and misery around us, would fain send a message "Christian missionaries in China have ignored

their government's advice to seek personal safety. being confronted with danger. It might be easy They have been urged to leave their posts and for them to ask their governments to extend a concentrate in sectors from which evacuation paternal hand and deliver them from destructive under the protection of their national forces may forces, and yet to do so would be unchristian and be comparatively easy; and they have preferred unworthy of their Lord.

to remain in this war-torn country with their "Admittedly, the Sino-Japanese war must come Chinese fellow-Christians, unafraid and un- to an end sooner or later. While the missionaries daunted. must look after the present, they cannot ignore the future; By deserting at the first sign of dan- "The action of the missionaries has doubtless ger, they might betray the confidence reposed in been prompted by a sense of duty toward their them by the Chinese converts; by remaining toevangelical cause and toward their fellow men. gether with the converts, they would surely earn To God they have pledged to march onward as undying goodwill as well as affection and lay the true soldiers of the Cross, and to their fellow men foundation for a greater claim to Chinese support they have professed to bring a divine message of in the years to come. goodwill and spiritual comfort. At no other time is the spirit of the true soldier more manifestly "Devotion to a cause, be it Christian or otherbeing placed on trial, and at no other time does a wise, presupposes the willingness to sacrifice. war-torn race stand in more need of the benefits Unless the missionaries were, as they are, preof Christian goodwill and comfort. pared for sacrifices at any cost, it would be hypocritical to talk about devotion, and to claim "It would be highly disloyal to God and to man devotion from others. if the missionaries were to pursue the line of least resistance and withdraw from the field in which they and their predecessors have labored "The firm resolution of the missionaries to ful- so arduously to espouse the cause of the Gospel. fill the demands of the Christian movement in "As the Son of God, Jesus could have asked for China has already won the admiration of the God's hand to stay the Crucifixion, but Jesus the Chinese of all classes, irrespective of their per- Christ remained, to the end of His mundane exist- sonal beliefs. The challenge of Christian loyalty ence, the Saviour of men by giving His life and has never before been more severe, and happily shedding His divine blood for the redemption of it is being met in a true Christian spirit-a spirit man's sins. of which all followers of Christ may well be "The missionaries in China today are, no doubt, proud."

A PEACE HYMN FROM JAPAN Out of Japan came a peace hymn twenty years ago, written by William Merrell Vories, of Omi Hachiman. It is now in the Hymnal of the Presbyterian Church in Japan.

Let there be light, Lo.rd Go.d o.f Ho.sts, Give us the peace o.f visio.n clear Let there be wisdo.m o.n the earth! To. see o.ur' bro.thers' go.o.d o.ur o.wn, Let bro.ad humanity have birth! To. jo.y and suffer no.t alo.ne; Let there be deeds, instead o.f boasts! The Io.ve that casteth o.ut all fear!

Within o.ur passio.ned hearts instill Let wo.e and waste o.f warfare cease, The calm that endeth strain and strife; That useful labo.r yet may build Make us thy ministers of life; Its homes with Io.ve and laughter filled!

Purge us fro.m lusts that curse and kill! Go.d, give thy wayward children peace!

The author founded the Japanese "Omi Brotherhaad," described as "an experiment in establishing the Kingdom of God in the province of Omi, Japan." It has come to be one of the most significant demonstrations in Japan of the Kingdom of God, a combination of business and missionary activity. The architectural department supervises and builds more than fifty structures a year. A publicity department prints books and periodicals. Two factories are operated. They are agents for Mentholatum and other products. The church is composed of four nationalities from nine different denominations. It has overcome the difficulty of getting Koreans, Chinese, Japanese, and Americans to work together harmoniously. Effective educational and medical work are also carried on and. good moving pictures offset the influence of vicious films.

A Miracle-Happy Lepers in

_.~I By R. M. WILSON, M.D.* I Missionary of the (Southern) Presbyterian Church 1 __ __ ~~=-~-===~~==~==== ~~~-J FOR over thirty-five hundred years leprosy has case of erysipelas. After two or three weeks this been considered the most hopeless of all dis- subsides, the fever drops, and then the patient eases, incurable, a curse; yet within the past begins to improve. twenty-five years it has become amenable to treat- In treatment an important thing is to clear the ment, and there is hope for lepers. We may call patient of intestinal parasites, malaria, syphilis, it a miracle, for so it is. or any other complication. Food is an important The Korean has no such view of it. He calls it part of the treatment, as well as exercise and Poong or the "Great Wind." He believes it is a keeping busy so as to occupy the mind. Sand curse from heaven. In desperation some Korean baths in the hot sun, as well as swimming, are lepers even eat human flesh, which they have been parts of the treatment; the daily hot, soapy bath told is a cure. Lepers in Korea taste of the bitter is important.

dregs of life. They are driven here and there, Our colony is as busy as a beehive, for all who sleep in culverts and caves, and often fall down can stir about must do their part towards caring before us saying, "Save a dead dog." So, coming for their gardens and raising pigs, rabbits, or into our beautiful Leper Home they soon find the some other form of the extra food needed in their great Christian hope and abide in its joy. treatment. Blind Pak passes his days by making Our leper colony is a little world in itself. The straw rope, and he can earn three cents a day, lepers have their own mayor and town govern- about our usual wage in the colony. Mr. F. E. C.

ment, and manage most of their own affairs, Williams of Kwangju has been a great help to us meeting annually for the election of the councils in training the lepers to a more scientific farming.

and officers. We have trained thirty who do most He comes every fall with a Korean teacher, and of the medical work and in the future this train- their classes, held for one week, mean a great ing will be an even more important part of our deal. An annual fair is held in the fall when task. Formerly we gave such men a general med- their crops, pigs, rabbits, and produce of other ical course, but now we confine a student to one kinds are displayed and prizes given. line of work; otherwise, some will run away and One of the worst wind and rain storms in years practice medicine! A man named Insune is the struck our colony last year and did much damage, head of the group of thirty. He makes rounds mostly to the roofs. The American Mission to and writes prescriptions; yet he was once one of Lepers sent an emergency fund of one thousand the most advanced cases we had. Another lad dollars at once, which about covered the losses. does most of the simple surgery-amputations of One of the queerest observations I ever made feet and hands. Two boys' time is fully occupied among lepers was when I came upon a man with filling prescriptions. One gives all his time to the sole of his foot in his lap. With a large npedle intravenous injections of glucose, calcium, sal- and thread he was sewing up a great crack in his varsan, and the like. Last year 6,206 of these foot. He had to do this about once a month, he were given, and 65,000 injections of chaulmoogra said, for sand and dirt would crowd in and in- crease the size of the wound. It was about like oil.

Very fortunately the chaulmoogra oil is not sewing up a baseball! very expensive. A pound costs about thirty-five A recent study of our seven hundred lepers cents and will treat a case about thirty weeks. For those who take it by mouth the cost is more showed some curious facts which will give an idea because the dose is larger and taken daily. The of their suffering. In answer to the question, oil apparently has a direct effect upon the bacilli. "What relative of yours was a leper?" sixty- Quite often when a case starts the treatment, one replied, brother; forty-five, father; thirtythere is a severe reaction, as though it were a bad eight, mother. Two hundred and twenty said they had lived with lepers; ten, that they thought they had gotten the disease from a leper's house; two • Superintendent of the Soonchun (Korea) Leper Colony aided hundred and twenty-nine said that lepers lived by the American Mission to Lepers, Inc., 156 Fifth AVe'. , New York, N. Y. in their village as neighbors.

[33 ]

"

As to the first sign of the disease, three hundred feet; two, arms; twenty, legs. In three hundred and fifty-nine saw it in their lower extremities, and sixty-one cases the vision was good, and in and two hundred and twenty-seven, in their arms three hundred and forty-one it was impaired.

and hands. Their chief suffering is from neuritis, Thirty-four had lost both eyes, and twenty-six, and four hundred and thirty (more than half the one eye.

colony) had it at the time of our study. Two The fact that four hundred and three are bap- hundred and eighty had ulcers, mostly on the feet; tized Christians and one hundred and fourteen in one hundred and forty-one were unable to do any the catechumen class shows that Christ is strong kind of work. As to recovery, two hundred and among them. Many of the others are new Chris- fifteen had slightly improved, two hundred and tians, but it takes about two years of study and sixty-six had greatly improved, and twenty-three testing before they are fully admitted to the had grown worse. One hundred and seventy- church.

three stated that the dead spots in the skin had It is a joy to see these wretched, sick, hopeless improved. Two hundred and forty had lost creatures recover and become happy, healthy fingers; two hundred and fifty-nine, toes; eight, Christian citizens of the land.

When Korean Preachers Illustrate* -<Ef I By th, 10" F. S. MILLER of Cho,," I!J;.- T HE illustrations Korean preachers and teach- not come and have lunch with us?' The yangban ers use let in the light not only on their sub- felt insulted by being asked to sit by the roadside jects but also on the inner workings of their and eat with coolies, and gave them a gruff reply. minds and hearts. "Several years afterwards, when the reformed Pastor Yune, speaking of mutual helpfulness: government had come in and the yang bans were "Two beggars came through our village, one was deprived of their especial privileges of living by a deaf and dumb woman and she was leading a oppression of the common people and by extorblind man. Both had happy, contented faces, tion, this yangban, like many of his fellows, was and seemed to get along together well enough. on the verge of starvation. One day he passed the same farmer and his hands, eating by the "Now, if the man had kept abusing the woman roadside. How good that white rice looked; those because she did not tell him .what she saw and she pickles made his mouth water. He hoped they had abused him for not telling her what he heard would ask him again to sit down and eat with they might have lived very unhappily together them but, remembering his former rebuff, they and have sought a divorce. As I observed them I ate in silence, not even saluting him. Going a thought, 'That is the way forbearance with each little further on, he felt so weak from hunger and other's weaknesses makes a couple happy.' the grinding of his stomach that he had to stop and sit on the bank of the stream. How he re- "In the leper asylum you will see those who pented of his former pride and oppressions!" have hands helping those who have none and those who have feet using them for those who are foot- *** less. Each of us has his peculiar gifts, let us use them for those who lack. Let us not despise the Deacon Pak, speaking of God's love for us sinhelpfulness of the weak; the bread and the fish ners, said: "One of the Christians in Seoul had did not belong to a full-grown man." five daughters and one son. One afternoon the youngest daughter wandered off. At two o'clock *** the mother discovered that she was missing and started out to hunt for her. Long after dark she Elder Song, pointing out the danger of pride, found her outside the East Gate. used this, "There was a proud yangban, gentleman, in a village who passed a group of farm- "When the father was returning at sunset, tired hands eating their lunch by the roadside. The and hungry, some neighbors told him of his loss. farm women had brought out a large gourd full So he turned back up the street and searched for of boiled rice, bowls of pickled cabbage and a her till eleven o'clock. When he returned home bottle of soy sauce. and found her safely restored, he wept for joy with his cheek against hers, saying, 'If we had "The coolies asked, out of politeness, 'Will you • From The Korean Mission Field.

WHEN KOREAN PREACHERS ILLUSTRATE

not found you we could not have slept tonight. from her parents-in-law and for the present of bread for her parents she thought she would take Thanks be to God.' . three pecks of rice. As she sat down in the sedan chair she thought, 'This rice, in addition to my "If a working man with five daughters and a own weight, will be heavy for the chair-coolies.' So she placed the rice on her head and carried it son to support by his labor could so rejoice over there all the way, instead of laying it at her feet. We are just as foolish when We carry our worries the return of his smallest daughter how easy it is instead of placing them in God's keeping."

to conceive of God's joy over one sinner who *** repents." When speaking of the way Christians lose their consciousness of the presence of the Holy Spirit *** in our hearts, Pastor An said, "An old man and his son were going to Seoul and lost their ticket Speaking of thankfulness, Leader Yi told of a on the train. The conductor said he would come through again and told them to keep up their pastor in Fusan who was returning from making search. They hunted through their clothing and baggage and scolded each other. Finally the son calls and heard the sound of suffering coming opened up his underclothing and there in a secret pocket, wrapped up in paper, he found the ticket. from under a bridge. He listened and heard a When you feel you have lost God, do not search the heavens above or the earth beneath, just look voice asking that God would send a Christian to in your own heart."

help the sufferer. Looking down, he saw a leper *** with one foot almost gone. When he spoke kindly Helper Kim told how he had been asked to hold revival services in a church. He started to do so to the leper the diseased one asked, "Are you a and they fed him the poorest variety of rice and lent him no covering for the night, so he could Christian ?" "Yes." On hearing this the leper neither eat nor sleep and spent the night in prayer for the church. The next day, praying for began praying the more earnestly as he thought strength, he went on with his instruction and ex- hortation and, though they did not improve the his prayer was answered. rice, they gave him a thin and unclean comforter. Again he was too cold to sleep but went on with The pastor hastened home and told the Chris- his revival services, with the result that the peo- ple relented and fed him on good rice and supplied tians to collect and send food and warm clothing him with plenty of bedding. As usual, it was not that they did not have the goods, but that they to the leper as he was on the point of departure lacked the grace.

for North Korea to lead some revival meetings in He went on to say that it is not always the Pyengyang. During the meetings he told the story of the leper praying under the bridge.

Someone in the congregation, without giving his or her name, placed forty yen in the collection plate marked, "For the leper." Others, hearing of the gift, contributed more till they had enough to send him to the asylum.

When the pastor visited the asylum after that, the joy, peace and thankfulness of this leper touched his heart. Leader Yi went on to say: "Thankfulness is not in the place and circum- stances of the person. Jesus was thankful under the reign of a Herod or when lying in the stern of a little boat in the midst of a storm."

*** Lay pastor An, telling how useless it is to worry, said: "A young woman in our village was preparing to pay her first visit to her own home LIFTING UP JESUS CHRIST There is a theory, held by some, that Jesus of Nazareth was only an extraordinary man, a Palestinian Socrates, a Galilean Francis of Assisi, a first century ethical teacher, a Jewish prophet, a lofty spiritual genius, the founder of a new religion to be ranked among the other religions of the world.

In reality Jesus is the Way, the Truth, the Life. He is the door. He is the bread of life, and the water of life. He is the vine. He is the morning star. He is the light of the world. He is the Alpha and the Omega. He is the resurrection. He is the eternal Word. He is the only Saviour from sin. He is God manifest in the flesh. He is the image of the invisible God, the effulgence of God's glory, and the very image of His substance. He is the foundation of the Church, and the head of it.

If any pastor, who feels that his ministry is futile and that his church is losing ground, will exalt the living Christ in his life and his preaching, he will be a winner of souls.-The Christian Observer.

worker who brings revival to the church; some- because it is the beginning of a new cycle. The times it is the church that revives the worker. eldest son usually provides a feast for the parent. There was a woman in a church who had lost her zeal and activity. Her son had gone to Japan to The church people, seeing how sad and lonely find work and when her sixtieth birthday came she was, gave her a better feast than her son could there was no one to provide a feast for her. The have done and she received such a revival from sixtieth birthday is the greatest one in a lifetime this kindness that she became an active worker in the church and well repaid them for their love.

Distributing Bibles to Russians By REV. 1. V. NEPRASH Executive Secretary of the Russian Bible Fund T HE Soviet Government gave permission ten from the police, that meant suffering and financial years ago for the printing of 50,000 Bibles losses to' the Believers, the work of distribution and 50,000 New Testaments under the aus- was organized and 19,966 New Testaments and pices of the Russian Bible Fund. The writer was 2,300 Bibles were distributed to those who wished asked to secure the necessary money and a con- them. Five courses for workers were conducted siderable amount was subscribed in America. daily for about 300 pastors and evangelists. Six Part of the program was carried out when, with- hours were given to instruction in the study of out warning, the Soviet Government cancelled the the Bible, how to organize a church, how to bring permission, and the remaining funds were kept in men to Christ and on the spiritual life of workers. America until there should be opportunity to use Every night large evangelistic services were held. them for the purpose for which they were given. With the help of the pastors, the program of dis- tribution was worked out in detail and it was de- Since Russia is still closed to any Bible distri- cided to give the Scriptures to unbelievers only, bution, the Committee in charge of the fund de- to those who are unable to pay and only to those cided to use the money to make the Scriptures interested enough to read the Book. available to Russians scattered in many places throughout the world. Many were stranded in The distribution was made through Believers foreign lands after the War and when the Com- who, with every copy, gave a testimony concernmunists started a drive for the extermination of ing the Book and the Saviour. the educated Russians, hundreds of thousands fled for life and are now scattered in various parts of One month was spent in Poland, where there the world. are several million Russians and Ukrainians. Services and conferences, with courses for work- Some Evangelical Christians organized the dis- ers were conducted. About 15,000 copies of the tribution in China, Manchukuo and Japan and the Bible are being distributed through the Believers. writer took up the work in parts of Europe where there are large settlements of Russians. Six Danzig proudly calls itself the "Free City." months were spent in Czechoslovakia, Roumania, About 2,000 Russians are in the city and its prov- Poland, Lithuania, Germany and France. The ince. Practically all belong to the former intelresults of this evangelistic work are far beyond ligentsia and many are unemployed, leading a expectation because of the spiritual hunger of the miserable existence. Their hearts are over-burmasses of exiles. dened with the situation. Much sympathy is ex- pressed for Jews who leave Germany and have Eastern Czechoslovakia is populated by over nowhere to go, but there is no mention of almost half a million of Carpathian Russians. Having 2,000,000 Russians who, persecuted by Commurecently traveled in seventeen countries in various nists, had to flee their homeland and have lost parts of the world, I have found nowhere such everything after seeing their relatives massacred poverty as among these people. The Scriptures for no other crime than that they were educated. were received most eagerly. Why is sympathy so one-sided? It seems that the Gospel of Jesus Christ is the only remedy to heal The eastern province is called Bessarabia, and the wounds. A Russian priest in Danzig was is a Russian province under the Roumanian flag. grateful for the Scriptures offered his poor pa- Three months were spent there with most gratify- rishioners. ing results. In spite of continuous interference

DISTRIBUTING BIBLES TO RUSSIANS

Lithuania is a comparatively small country with crossed himself to express his gratitude to God over 75,000 Russians scarcely touched by the Gos- and almost embraced the writer. pel. Two thousand copies of the Testament are being distributed as a start. When a bishop who has 185,000 in his care was offered the Scriptures, he asked suspiciously: In Germany we found complete freedom for preaching the Gospel and the spreading of the "Why do you do it?" Christian Scriptures. The writer answered that he had been an atheist and was converted through the study of In France there are between 300,000 and 400,- astronomy but had found this a wrong way to go. 000 Russians and about 80,000 are in Paris. Serv- He now knew that the shortest way is through the ices were conducted there every day, two on Sun- Scriptures and so devotes his life to their disday, in the opera house Pleyel, in the center of tribution. the city; they were well attended and the pres- "Through astronomy, you said? Please tell me ence of God was evident. Former colonels, gen- how it happened," begged the bishop with insist- TRAINING RUSSIANS TO BE EFFECTIVE CHRISTIAN WORKERS One of Seven "Courses for Workers" conducted recently in different countries of Europe.

erals, doctors, professors, singers, leaders in the ence. When the story was told all suspicion disfinancial world, ladies of society, brought low by appeared and kindness, almost reverence, took its circumstances, listened intently. place, together with gratitude for the books.

The Russian missionary work in France and When a book is given by us to a Russian, it is Belgium (with her 3,000 Russians) is well organ- taken with the suspicion that it may be a sectarian ized. A Gospel periodical is published and 15,000 book, but when the copy comes from a bishop it copies every month go to Russians in all parts of is received as a holy book, is read with confidence the world. A campaign for the distribution of and believed. New Testaments has been begun and from 5,000 to 10,000 copies will be distributed, for the most Pray for the many thousands of New Testapart through individual Believers. In some cases ments and Bibles being distributed throughout the the clergy of the Russian Church are also ap- world, that they may bring a hundred-fold harvest proached. When a priest in Czechoslovakia was for the glory of God. Without God's blessing, the offered copies of the Scriptures for his parish- books may remain only printed matter, or be deioners he gratefully but hesitatingly asked for 100 stroyed; but through the influence of the Holy New Testaments and 50 Bibles. He did not know Spirit they may become a Living Word in the where to obtain the books. When he was asked hearts of the readers and lead them to Christif he would be willing to distribute copies among the Giver of a new Life of which these Russians non-members of his congregation, he gladly are so greatly in need because of their experiences agreed. When 250 Testaments were offered he of the past and hardships of the present, with no hope for a better future.

Youth Looks at

By CHARLES D. HURREY, New York Secretary of the Committee on Friendly Relations with Foreign Students .r-. AMERICA is in the spotlight. World youth is American the Chinese are laundrymen and con- watching us. They are visiting us, criti- sumers of chop suey and chow mein. We have cising us,and praising us. maligned the Japanese as sly and deceitful. For "You Americans are making us go faster," said most of us, the Filipino is still a tree-dwelling a Syrian young man, "but are you making us grow savage. When young Americans are asked t.o de- better? You can .organize gigantic industrial cor- scribe India, they give inordinate emphasis to porations, build skyscrapers and subways, but you caste, famine, and tigers. Our fear of entangling cannot write anything comparable to the 23rd alliances with Europe perpetuates the popular im- Psalm or the 13th chapter of 1st Corinthians." pression of the French as gay and irresponsible, "You Yankee Americans built the Panama the British as lordly and "high hat," the Germans Canal, but how did y.oU acquire the Canal Zone?" as warlike, the Italians as "dagoes" and the Rus- was the disturbing questi.on put to me by a bril- sians as bewhiskered and red.

Iiant Latin American student. "You imperialistic To offset these weird and unfair judgments we people of North America think of us Spanish need to discover an that is best and beautiful in Americans as a backward people to be exploited others, and to reveal our best to visitors from for gain; you are not willing to meet us as com- overseas. If I could have my way, the schools of rades on a cultural plane." America would be visited frequently by cultured In far-off Australia some are saying: "You are spokesmen from the Orient, Europe, and Latin rapidly becoming a nation of law-breakers; you America. Our youth should be thrilled by the art condemn banditry in China but daylight holdups and musk and literature of other lands. More- menace your metropolitan areas." over we should receive in our homes, clubs, and The youth of Asia attack our color prejudice churches, these guests of culture and refinement.

and racial discriminati.on. They say: "You Fortunately, our college communities are fa- preach brotherhood but you practice injustice; vored with the presence of over 8,000 students you frown upon the caste system of India but you from all parts of the world; sons and daughters lynch the American Negro. Champions of liberty of high officials and business men abroad are now and freedom, you grant n.o Asiatic the rights of mingling with our youth on the American campus.

American citizenship." With alert and open mind they are studying our European 'youth likewise looks us over. "Why civilization at close range. don't you let us run our own affairs?" says a German youth. "Why do you think you are called On the brighter side, here is how they size us upon to be the moral leaders of the world?" up: British youth declare that we grant degrees to "You are a generous people; vast millions are generous donors to our colleges, who have achieved no academic standing. given annually to education, charity, and religion, not only at home but notably abroad. Your cham- "It is not the business of a student to be work- pionship of public health has overcome contagious ing in factory or harvest field," observes an Ox- disease and has enriched life for all. Under your ford student. "It is the business of a student to leadership warfare is waged against poverty, disbe a thinker and to think things through. You ease, ignorance, and crime in the Orient and Latin have achieved only mediocrity in music, art, and America, as well as within your own borders.

literature because in your devotion to popular edu- "Your technique intrigues us; how you do cation you fail to recognize superior talent and things fascinates us. We are here to discover the ability." secret of your gigantic achievements. After all, If these judgments seem harsh and unfair, let this is a land of opportunity, democracy still pre- us remember that we have brought them upon vails, and the people are free to say and write ourselves by maintaining an attitude of aloofness what they think. Here the humblest can rise to and superiority. Have we not thought of Mexi- the highest position in the land, through sheer cans as bandits and bull fighters? To the average merit and hard work.

[38 ] "Darkness is dispelled throughout the world AWAKE, YE CHRISTIAN MEN and mighty forces are placed at man's disposal Words copyrighted by George A. Brown, Elyria, Ohio. Tune-St. Thomas. S. M. by Aaron Williams. because of the inventions of Edison and other Awake, ye Christian men, Americans. We see you victorious in your strug- Behold the world today; gle to master the machine rather than be mastered Great multitudes, like scattered sheep, From God still go astray. by it. Through labor saving devices you are on Come, with a spirit stirred, the way to release men and women from drudgery Obey your Lord's command; and to set free their spirits for contemplating Pray Him to send forth laborers To ev'ry waiting land. eternal values." . Present your gifts to Him, Youthful eyes from every land are upon Amer- Your ·silver and .your gold, ica. What shall they see? Without our effort But,first of all, yourself He asks, That He your life may mold. they may not discover our best, but may drift Go forth, .ye Christian men, into our worst. The preservation of the noblest Proclaim His name abroad, ideals of American youth depends upon the con- That sinners, far and near, may come. To know the Son of God. servation of our Christian character and at the He gave His life for you, same time we must preserve the heritage of beauty His precious blood He shed; and truth possessed by our youthful guests from Serve Him who saves you by His gracet The Church's living Head. afar.

From the standpoint of the development of the Christian world community, no body of young people offer such opportunities as do the foreigtl students in America. If tactfully approached and enlisted in the work of the Christian churches throughout the United States, these young people will become the equivalent of as many foreign missionaries upon returning to their native lands.

TWELVE BASIC FACTS ABOUT ALCOHOL AS A BEVERAGE Whereas the income of people in the United come alcohol addicts; that is, they can dis- continue the practice only at the expense of States has increased 51 % in the past five years, grave discomfort and disturbance. 8. Of those who do not become addicts, the mathe gifts to benevolences have decreased 30% and jority suffer degenerative changes in the the amount spent on alcoholic drink has increased organs and in the vascular and nervous sys- tems. over 300 %. Is it not time we considered the in- 9. The traffic in alcohol is productive of waste, crime, and social deficiency. The social fluence of intoxicants on health and character? burden is comparable only to that of war The following facts are given by investigators: and disease. 10. The alcohol custom and traffic are rooted 1. Alcohol is an irritant, depressant, narcotic deeply in physiological, psychological,ec~­ drug. nomic,social, and political motives. .The problem is allied to nearly every other prob- 2. It deprives the tissues of oxygen, hinders the lem, being at once cause and effect. ! functioning of every organ and endangers health by decreasing the efficiency of the 11. The social good can be served only by policies body's defense mechanism. which look toward a diminishing cortsump- tion of alcoholic liquors. Any policy with 3. Alcohol suppresses the higher controls which this purpose and result is acceptable; any are the products of moral and social teach- other ·policy is morally wrong and socially ings, thus causing. disharmony with the disasterous. modern environment. 12. Prohibition of the liquor traffic, by aligning 4. By its effect upon the central nervous system, all of the powers of government against the alcohol slows the reaction time, causing the habit and the traffic, has served the social deaths of thousands of men, women, and good better than any other policy so far children on our highways. tried. There may be better ways of dealing with the liquor traffic and the drinking cus- 5. It decreases physical effidency, impairs the torn; they have not yet been demonstrated. value of mental effort, and disturbs the psychology of the individual.

6. Alcohol is a habit-forming drug. A constantly increased quantity is required to produce a given effect. 7. Because of this habit-forming characteristic, three persons of every ten who drink be-

NEW GUINEA NATIVES HAVING A DANCE FESTIVAL ON A COCOANUT PLANTATION NEW GUINEA PAPUANS AT HOME-PREPARING FOOD

A PEACEFUL SCEKE IN A PAPUAN VILLAGE IN NEW GUINEA, MANDATED

New Guinea Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow -..a{ I By R. R. HANSELMANN I ~- ~==============================~ SLOWLY the wild and unknown spaces of the after the bitter experiences of the pioneers, the world are disappearing. Soon it will no present ten thousand white men are reasonably longer be possible to find a land that mission- safe and comfortable. The one quarter million aries, trade and international politics have not natives of this area have not accepted Christianity penetrated. Outside the polar regions there are as a mere veneer, but have experienced a rebirth but few unexplored areas, and the largest of these of varying degree. The native is pathetically is the vast tropical interior of New Guinea, an anxious to live like a white man, and to imitate island continent much of which is still shrouded both the good and the bad, so that one cannot pre- in mystery, dict the future of the race.

Throughout pioneer days patriots and empire In speaking of the native of yesterday, we mean builders, energetic fortune seekers and zealous the primitive man as he still is in his undisturbed missionaries, were called upon to display a hero- savage life. Possibly a million would be a eon- ism and self-sacrifice perhaps unparalleled in the servative estimate of the population. These naannals of history; and many brave and worthy tives are partly Caucasian, partly Mongolian, lives were as seed planted in the ground, after- with a little Ethiopian blood. Their features are wards to bear the fruits of civilization and right- not as outstanding as the Negro's; their skin is eousness. On a sixty- to eighty-mile border around in various shades of chocolate brown. The men New Guinea, the Christian religion and civiliza- are tall and sturdy, even the pygmies being husky, tion have established themselves securely, for but the women are very small. Men wear tapa [41 ]

cloths and the women grass skirts. Having an promise assistance or protection. When making aversion to water, the primitive man wallows in a new garden, sorcerers are called to drive infilth; fights to protect his clan; cultivates the land sects away. Certain shrubs are planted to attract for food (sweet potatoes, taros, yams, greens and rain and warmth from the sun. Daggers or arrow points are suspended from tree limbs to ward off evil influences. For fighting, hunting, fishing, courting, indeed for every step of life, some sor- cerer plays a role, and each one demands re- muneration. Especially in sickness and death, fear of unseen realities bring terror to the primi- tive man. Gruesome methods are used to scare the captive spirit from a limb or body, and when death comes the whole village laments. In their wailing, they extol the deceased, and try to justify all their past unkindnesses toward him. The widow covers her body with clay to protect her- self from her husband's soul which seeks to snatch her soul away. Suicide is committed, not out of despair or despondency, but out of revenge, for the belief in the power of the departed soul to do evil is real to the man of yesterday.

On the other hand, life in reality is a life of lust. There is nothing to curb desires. The only CANNIBAL PAPUANS CHRISTIAN PAPUANS TODAY (Church Erected by American Lutheran Mission.) bananas); raises pigs, dogs and chickens; and manufactures his own implements and clothing.

Each tribe speaks its own language. The theory is that private contentions caused many separations, and as each ostracized group survived and developed, their language underwent many changes. Unwritten languages are not static. Some tribes suffix their verbs, others prefix them. The irregular verbs in the Amele language number over six hundred. The rules of syntax are almost the opposite of ours. Interpreters that can speak two or three languages are very rare. Their strange melodies reveal an odd rhythm. War and love songs, dance music and mothers' chants are melancholy, like funeral dirges. Fear and superstition leave their indelible traces on the soul, as the weird music bears witness.

Fear of the life hereafter, superstition, and faith in sorcerers make the native of yesterday the most miserable creature on God's earth. A spirit of love and goodness is unknown. By sacrifices or efforts to delude the spirits the natives seek their safety. certain spirits are believed to have their habitation in caves and mountain peaks. There is no trespassing of these premises, and if accidentally or unknowingly entered, fear, or auto-suggestion, would soon claim its victim. The belief that a spirit or enemy may assume another body or form, such as a crocodile or shark, is common.

As animists they seek refuge in sorcerers who

NEW GUINEA YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW

check is the sense of the welfare of the clan, and discover the reality of our God." After years of that is frequently at the expense of the individual. swaying forward and backward, suddenly it is Whatever the majority of the clan decides, the seen that the Holy Spirit has created a new heart, individual accepts. Gluttonous feasting and im~ new desires and lives are changed. After a thormoral dancing carry in their wake physical ough Bible course of two years' instruction, large wrecks. As no primitive tribe has been found that classes are baptized, and out of the night of darkunderstood the physiological phenomena of life, ness and the struggle with the unearthly powers our natives have their erroneous ideas. The girl of evil, children of light and of God arise. to be married is supposed to be a virgin; so rightly we speak of the morals of a primitive people as So it comes about that in the native of today one high, but we must add only in certain respects and sees brighter countenances; cleanliness in private that is due to ignorance and superstition. On the and public life; a lighter rhythm is felt in newly other hand the primitive man is found to reach composed music. Every event and problem of life the very lowest depths. is discussed in the light of God's Word. Public censuring of sin and congregational discipline are We see in the native of yesterday a truly ra~ realities. Church services are crowded, and daily tional human being, imbibed with a spirit created devotions bear witness that religion has com- SOME NATIVE :lEW GUI:lEA GIRLS IX THEIR M'ODERl': DRESS by God, living in constant danger of war, ensnared pletely gripped the masses. A different spirit is in a fearful superstition, given to live a life of astir. There is now no fear of evil spirits; the lust, covered with dirt and groping for a miser- blessings of civilization are self~evident realities. able existence, with the definite doom of falling Baptism becomes a custom. into Satan's hands. But there are influences that pull the other way. But we are thankful to say that many have been The indentured labor system takes the young men saved by the power of the Gospel. This has meant into different surroundings for three years. Over many years of careful, tactful, prayerful work and 33,000 young men are employed by white men, a fierce struggle between God and Satan. The absorbing the virtues and the vices of the white stationing of young Christian native men in bar- man. The native has had no time to adjust- himbaric areas, where in the beginning they are not self to the new mode of life. But always a nucleus called upon to teach and preach, but to live a in the church prays and works to overcome the Christian life, is an effective method, and calls evil influences. for the choicest vessels of God. The devil knows what influence these Christian riatives will exer~ Looking into the future, one sees either a promcise, and he tempts them to the utmost. Every ising nation, or the remnants of a dying race. Bible story is told with this appeal: "Tryout and Clouds are now threatening on the horizon. The Oriental world is making gigantic strides, and

whether New Guinea will remain in the white morrow can be helped to adjust himself to changed man's control is an open question. Japan has re- conditions, a new nation may develop, but if he ceived a lease for an immense area in Dutch New cannot acquire the proper psychological equilib- Guinea. Sea shell poaching between nations is rium, he will succumb. In any case, mission work waged like a little war. White population is in- in New Guinea has a glorious future. The Gospel creasing rapidly. Land is acquired, commercial must, and will be brought to this uttermost part enterprises enlarged, and there is an ever-grow- of the earth, and if the Lord's Word and prophecy ing demand for native laborers. Civilization, find fulfilment with this task, then may the end with its blessings and evils, comes into closer and come. Let us be found doing His will and workeasier reach of the natives. If the native of to- ing while it is day.

A Revival in East"Africa By LUCILDA A. NEWTON, Mabuki, East Africa Missionary of the Africa Inland Mission T HE long prayed for revival seems to be unheard of in this territory. But at our station, breaking upon Tanganyika in such power Nera, the powers of Satan seems to be stronger that it is completely changing the lives of than ever. Perhaps it is because here are gath- ered all the future leaders of the work in the Bible both black and white people. It began in our school and pastors' institute. But the Lord can conquer Nera. Already we have felt the Spirit's Africa Inland Mission teachers' institute in July. power in the giving of His Word such as I have never known before. What years of wasted ef- The native leaders received a real filling of the forts we put forth without His power. In these days, since we have really come to know Him as Holy Spirit, and this spread from them back to the never before, He is bringing us to see the power of His resurrection life. There is a stand of faith white missionaries until half of the Tanganyika where that resurrection power can be continu- ously at work against the enemy. force are so changed that their lives are hardly We feel that this reviving is a preparation for recognized by those who knew them two months something ahead. There is a fellowship of His sufferings that is awaiting us, but we do not know before. The Lord did not pass me by but has the details. With the ,Lord doing such a definite work in our midst, how we need grace, how we wrought such a new work in me that I can truly need humility and continued yieldedness. We feel the Lord has done all of the blessed work of resay that "henceforth I live, yet not I, Christ liveth viving and we cannot take ourselves out of His hand-but we can grieve His Spirit by pride and in me." He has so completely revolutionized my self-sufficiency.

home life that we now have complete unity in the things of the Spirit, whereas for a year we had only misunderstanding. This is happening in the lives of many. We have faith to believe that the work will not cease until every worker has been brought into this relationship with God, through the Spirit. '

We hear from a number of stations that rou- tine work has been put aside and daily souls are coming for prayer and to seek the Lord. It is ANCIENT KINGDOMS IN AFRICA Few people know of the existence of two native kingdoms in the heart of Africa, Ruanda and Urundi, which for centuries had each a line of hereditary rulers. Musinga, now de- throned, was the last of the great heathen monarchs of Central Africa, and in his day had exercised the power of life and death over all his subjects. This power was taken from him in 1916. The two kingdoms are now governed by Belgium under mandatory powers.

The Ruanda General and Medical Mission was founded by the Church Missionary Society. For its work it must depend entirely upon voluntary support, whereas Roman Catholic schools are in receipt of large State subsidies. The Mission has seven stations and nearly fifty mis- sionaries. Each station has its ordained English missionary and its doctor. The native evan- gelists and teachers number about 800; adherents are probably about 30,000 to 40,000. Photo by Mr. and Mrs,. Martin Johnson 'OLD SCH'O'OL AFRICAN WARRIORS-WITH THEIR WARDRUMS NEW SCIJ'O'OL AFRICAN WARRIOR-C'OLP'ORTEUR AT BIBLE DEPOT. KHART'OUM '~ Effective Ways·· of Working r 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO SUGGESTIONS FOR THAT No.4; "There.'s too much ml;t- New Philadelphia, Ohio, writes "NEW LEAF" chinery! There's too much ma- this Department as follows: chinery!" Do not be content with the Beside our Missionary Society proprogram of activities or the at- No.5; "Women are not inter- grams, and those of the Guilds, we tainments of 1937. Every liv- ested in missions anymore! intend having a School of Broadening ing thing must grow; even a Women are not interested in Horizons – for the children's groups change to a fresh plan in order missions anymore!" during the church worship hour; and to whet the appetites of the for the young people's and adult membership is well worth while. No.6; "No one reads mission- groups during the B. Y. P. U. hour. The material this month is of- ary lIterature anymore! Noone We expect to have one missionary fered to furnish enlargement reads missionary literature any- prayer meeting a month for eight patterns for pastors, Sunday more !" months. Four will be on the Moslem School workers and leaders of World and four on the Rural theme. both adult and junior missionary No.7; "Women are seeking It is surprising how much there is groups. As a keynote, read this honor only for themselves! available for interesting programs digest of a clever skit given at a Women ate seeking· honQr only when one begins to cast around. For meeting of the Methodist women for themselves!" the rural programs I expect to have of the Cincinnati district, at three progressive rural pastors, all Lakeside, Ohio, last summer: Indignantly the leader says: graduates of college and seminary, "They can;t do this to our new alive to present-day problems, come A Study in Ghosts program! Can't somebody quiet in and speak on such subjects as Co- them ?" operatives, Problems of the Rural The leader of a meeting, out- Church, and the Rural Home of Tolining the new plans for the At this seven women from the day. A stereopticon lecture on Colcoming year, was disturbed by audience rush up and reply for- portage Work will complete the Rural confused talking and groaning cibly, in turn. Each objecting programs. I find that within a radius behind the curtain to her rear. ghost repeats her phrase upon of thirty miles are living several mis- She said: being asked what is the matter sionaries on furlough. One is from with her, and is answered in in- Cairo, one from northern India "Somebody seems to be mak- dignant terms: (where the Moslems are strongest), ing a fuss back there. Will one and one from Nigeria. I am asking of you please go back and see "Others are doing this. . . . them to speak especially on their conwhat it's about?" There must always be a first tacts with the Moslems in these widely time for everything," etc. separated fields. I hope to have a According to prearrangement, moving picture on the Mohammedan a member of the audience looked As each ghost is told, in her topic complete this series. behind the curtain and said, turn, to "begone!" she slinks off, looking furtively behind, and the Your suggestions in the M,ISSIONARY "There's a whole group of the sixth speaker says: REVIEW OF THE WORLD are invaluable, queerest looking people back and I am looking forward eagerly to there. I think you'd better see "You're nothing new-you're forthcoming issues. them." all ghosts of creatures dead long ago." These kindly words of appre- The curtains are opened re- ciation are passed along to the vealing seven ghostly figures As the last ghost repeats her constituency, whose materials, in (sheeted and with faces cray- cry that women seek honor only the main, are used in our departoned) , writhing, t w i s tin g, for themselves, the leader looks ment. wringing their han d s, and up and says: groaning thus: Christian Youth in Missionary "Dear Christ, can it be pos- Action No.1; "It can't be done! It sible that this is true of many of can't be done!" us ?" She closes with a prayer Under this challenging title, of repentance and consecration, S. Franklin Mack, authorized by No.2; "We never did it be- while groans continue behind the International Committee of fore! We never did it before!" the scenes. Religious Education and in co- operation with the Missionary No.3; "It costs too much. It This scene is very forcible. Education Movement, has writcosts too much!" Try it. ten a pamphlet for the series is- sued for young people using the A Pastor Includes the Men United Christian Youth Move- ment literature. Rev. Rodney C. Gould, pastor of the First Baptist Church at [46 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

The pamphlet in question out- duce, we have usually come to use for Rally Day. Another was lines "what individual young a home mission play, 'The Mispeople and young people's socie- the end of the course rather sionary Barrel,' found in a colties can do for missions." It exhausted and wondering how lection of mission plays pubgives a brief survey of the voca- much we had accomplished. . . . lished by MacMillan; and tional aspect of missions, with a another was a foreign mission summary of the qualifications With all of our efforts, most of play called 'The Dawning of the required of the missionary of our churches are giving mission Morning,' published by the Abthe future. If your young peo- ingdon Press. ple are not already enlisted, by study to the very people who all means arrange a rally at the "Besides this program in the call of the pastor, Sunday school need least to be worked with, Sunday school we gave three superintendent or the Woman's while few of the great majority Wednesday evening services and society and present the cause in of people whose outlook is cold two Sunday morning church the most forceful way possible. or indifferent to the mission services to various phases of It is suggested that Mr. Mack's causes can ever be dragged to mission interest. leaflet be reviewed as an intro- the classes. ductory feature, and that talks "We found that the people follow on the sub j e c t s of "Last fall we decided to put manifested a spontaneous inter- "Friendship Frontiers – What mission study into the Sunday est in this mission program. We Are They?" "How Does One school. We carried on the reg- used no urgent methods to get Stake a Claim?" "Presbyterian people to come. Yet every de- Leagues That Work," "Maga- ular work of the school, every partment in the school began to zines and Program Booklets," class studying the Bible lessons_ have increased attendance. . . . and the "Youth Budget." Al- More men were reached with ready it is reported from a va- but we also found considerable mission study than ever before riety of sources that missionary time available for mISSIOns. by our church. giving has increased noticeably Class periods were lengthened since the adoption of the plans ten minutes, with the under- "By conducting our mission outlined in the pamphlet. standing that each teacher would course as we did, we accom- spend the extra time in giving plished s eve r a I worth-while For this material and other information missionary information. All achievements. One was the natwrite The Missionary Education Movement, uralness of approach to the mat- 150 Fifth Ave., New York. teachers were supplied with lit- ter and the effectiveness of the erature, properly graded accord- education given on behalf of the For Pastors and Sunday ing to departments. mission causes. Another was School Superintendents the discovery that mission edu- "We also arranged special cation provides a remarkably Rev. William Crowe, Jr., pas- missionary programs for united elastic technique. We believe tor of the First Presbyterian that we have only begun to Church of Bluefield, W. Va., assembly periods that lasted discover the possibilities for wrote recently in The Presby- from thirty to forty minutes delightful entertainment and terum Survey regarding his pas- each. These programs were de- attractive study offered by this torate of a similar church in signed to make as popular an method. Still another accom- Talladega, Ala. His article plishment was the unexpected (adapted) is as follows: appeal as possible. The united effect the program had on our assembly included ages from Sunday school attendance and "We believe that our experi- interest." ence offers at least one ap- junior to adult. The special misproach to the mission-study sion study period began with Sequence in Program Building problem that is elastic and Rally Day and went through adaptable and popular. seven Sundays to November It is scarcely necessary to 15th. stress the value of a dominating "For eight or ten years we topic as a picturesque feature in have devoted one or more peri- "For our assembly periods we a series of programs. It seems ods each year to mission study. used a variety of programs. to be one of those devices that Some years our method has have a universal appeal. This been to have classes for men, There was one address entitled, year the figure of "Windows" is for women, and for young peo- 'Under Seven Flags,' in which played upon in one or another ple. Other years we have had department of nearly all packets completely organized schools of there was given a brief summary of literature sent for inspection. missions with classes for every of our home and, foreign mission age-group. . . . We believe we Following this fig u r e, as have given this plan as com- responsibilities. The other pro- adopted by the Baptist women, plete and sincere a trial as grams were designed primarily for their national theme, the could be given. After inject- to give instruction and inspira- Woman's Society of the First ing into our plans all the inge- Church of Santa Ana, Calinuity and energy we could pro- tion through entertainment. fornia, has incorporated in its beautiful thirty-eight page year "We made arrangements in New York for a series of two- reel motion pictures presenting information or plots relating to the mission movement.

"Some of the most effective work done in the missionary education course was through the medium of mission plays. One was a home mission pag- eant, 'The Living Cross,' se- cured from the Northern Meth- odist Church and adapted to our

book a series of "vistas" as their STAGE SETTING FOR A SEPTE,MBER PROGRAM monthly program topics, with the undergirding idea of opening windows of opportunity for service, as well as placing them where none exists-as in Indian hogans and Moslem purdahs- to let God's love shine in.

Their theme song is, "Let the Blessed Sunshine in," and the devotional hymn, "Open My Eyes That I May See." The membership list is "Viewers at Our Window." A "Memorial Window" records the name of those who have died during the year. The devotional series in- cludes: "Outlook-Skyward" (Psa. 19: 1-3). After this program on "Open- August porch party to which "Outlook – into the Valley" (Psa. ing Our Window," there came: contributions for Christmas 34: 19.22). boxes were made and impersona- "Outlook-at the Fountain" (Deut. "Windows of Opportunity." tions given of missionaries- 8: 21; John 4: 14). "Dingy Windows" (rural work). home and foreign – telling of "Outlook-toward the Hills" (Psa. "Shining Windows" (union evening Christmas on their fields. 121) . meeting with the youthful mission- "Outlook-in the Garden" (Isa. 58: ary groups). "Tower Windows" – a pro- 11). "Desert Panorama." gram on student work at home "Outlook- at the Harvest" (Luke "Rose Window" (stewardship). and in union Christian colleges 10: 1-2). "College Windows" (Christian edu- abroad (Baptist Board of Edu- "Outlook – Looking at the Sun" cation) . cation, 152 Madison Ave., N. Y., (Mal. 4: 2). "Sunlit Windows" (White Cross and The Cheer Leader, Sept., work for missionary hospitals). 1936, put out by the Foreign "Outlook-toward the Cross" (Luke "Walls without Windows" (Moslem Mission Conference of North 9: 23). purdahs). America, 156 Fifth Ave., N. Y.). "Paper Windows" (Chinese work "Outlook-into the Pasture Land" for women). "Cottage Win dow s" – on (Psa. 104: 14). "Closing our Window" (annual Rural Work in America (MIS- meeting in June). "Outlook-at the Shadow" (Psa. The August space was labeled: SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, 91: 1; 63: 7). "Our Windows Closed, Blinds Drawn." June, 1937; 25 cents). All the monthly programs are Due to many requests In the past for "God's Windows" – women's samples of these lovely annuals, it is stated called "Vistas" and are intended that a limited number of copies are left and prayer meeting for missions may be obtained for 25 cents each. There with special effort to have older to open windows, as stated pre- is evidently no profit for' the compilers. women attend and take part, a Thanksgiving dramatization beviously. The September pro- More Windows ing given (Woman's Missionary Association of United Brethren gram – built around a beauti- The standard Baptist program in Christ, 1412 U. B. Building, built around .this theme includes: Dayton, Ohio). fully decorated stage-furnished "Memorial Win dow s" – a "Shop Windows" – a window a preview of the year's work. study on missionaries who have box opening and program on op- gone out from the participants' portunities for service. The stage was arranged as a own state. "Latticed Windows"-sketches garden and showed a sash win- "Cabin Windows" – migrant of Christian Nationals who are work-with a luncheon of foods witnessing for Christ ("The dow looking eastward. This picked by migrants and imper- Way of the Witnesses"). sonations on "Around the Campwindow, when opened by the fire." "Sunlit Windows" – imper- sonations of missionary doctors president, made way for nine "Stained Glass Windows"- and nurses at home and abroad. an evening meeting on Peace short episodes illustrating the (men of the church invited) at "Barred or Open Windows"- which a pageant, "The Triumph devotional me e tin g inviting phases of work to be emphasized of Goodwill," was given (Coun- women from other churches and cil of Women for Home Mis- presenting a good speaker on in the monthly programs. These sions, 105 E. 22nd St., New "Are Your Windows Open or York; 35 cents plus royalty of Barred ?" Opening of window episodes consisted of mono- $5.00 for each presentation). boxes follows. logues, pantomimes, dialogues, a "Casement Win dow s," an song, skits, and other features.

Through the year the window box will bear its blooms as the gift boxes are opened. At the left of the stage was a cathedral window, the framework of which stood five feet high and was made so that the designs could be filled in with various colors as the money was received. It was very lovely even before the colors were added. . The Council of Women for Home Missions EDITH E. LOWRY, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

~'I~~~~~~~~~~~~ THE PRICE OF SUGAR the greater part of the army of deeper; 1931-lost everything; migrant laborers of the United 1932 – hit the road; 1935- A summer under open skies, serving the farmers of Cali- A child-a thousand children, States. They had come to these fornia as a 'fruit tramp.' " A burning sun, cold rains shores to better themselves. To- -And sugar beets. day the grandchildren of these Where Do They Live? A summer working sugar beets, early immigrants are harvesting And youth – youth pulled and the crops. But even a greater Migrants have to live in all kinds of places, a shack provided topped number of the 2,000,000 and by the employer, a tent on the And plowed beneath the soil more migrant workers today are banks of an irrigation ditch, or -As fertilizer. Anglo-American, forced into mi- just under the trees. In one Youth pulled and topped, and grancy by misfortune. In 1937 camp where shacks were pro- vided by the employer, one fairly granulated, in a camp in Delaware, an ap- large room housed from one to And weighed – weighed out in palling number were people who three families-as many as eight had lost their homes because of people in a single room. In an- bags Florida floods, typhoons and other camp in the East there For us to buy, and please storms. Many had once been ac- were two water faucets for 420 Our tooth for sweets. tive in communities, taking part people. Because of the crowded A summer under open skies, in church work, lodges, and other condition in some of the shan- A child-a future forming; civic organizations. In this ties, straw was strewn over the No schooling to distract group were a trained nurse, an floor with no pretense of mak- From sugar beets. ing a bunk. experienced mechanic, a railroad FRANCES B. WILLIAMS. engineer, a fireman, a plumber. Squatters' Camps-a new de- velopment in the far west, are Father of all mankind, we They felt that all hope of ever even worse. Dr. Taylor tells of pause in the haste of our daily being anything but migrants a tour of these camps. "We lives to come with quietness into found filth, squalor, an entire ab- T'hy presence. May thy strength had fled. sence of sanitation, and a crowdand thy spirit fill us and may the In the West, and Southwest, ing of human beings into totally love which thou hast for all man- inadequate tents or crude struckind flood our hearts. We would refugees from the Dust Bowl tures built of boards, weeds and at this time bring before thee form the greatest part of the anything that was found at hand those men and women and young migrant labor group. "These to give a pitiful semblance of a people who earn their meager home at its worst. In this enliving. by gathering from the people," Paul S. Taylor writes. vironment there is bred a social fields the food that shall feed us; "are victims of dust storms, of sullenness. It is horrible that who bear the heat of the noon- drought which preceded the children are reared in such an day sun, the long hours of labor, environment." and the rush of the cannery serv- dust, of protracted depression ice while we benefit from their which preceded the drought. 'It What Do They Earn? toil. Weare conscious, 0 Fa- seems like God has forsaken us ther, of their longing for per- back there in Arkansas,' said' a "Employment is intermittent, manent homes, of their unful- jobs are often precarious, and .filled hopes for their children. former farm-owner at a San annual income is low. A study Make us eaually conscious of our Luis Obispo pea-pickers' camp. of 165 migrant families showed responsibilities as Christian citi- that 30.9 % received less than zens to mitigate so far as we can 'The cotton burned up' is the $300 annually and 13.3 % less the hardships of their toil. common story. They are largely than $200 per family."

M. KATHARINE BENNETT. farmers who have been carrying Who Wants Them? on agriculture on the family pat- WHO ARE THE MIGRANTS tern which has been so long re- "Only the employer and he TODAY? garded as the great source of wants them only until his crop stability in our nation. One of Twenty years ago immigrants them, recently picking fruit with from poorer countries made up his family in the Sacramento Valley, told succinctly this story of his decline from farmer to farm laborer: 1927 – mad e $7,000 as a cotton farmer in Texas; 1928-broke even; 1929 -went in the hole; 1930- [49 ] is harvested. "The develop- Council of Women for Home the way they used to. But they can't understand why Jesus didn't hate the ment of normal relationships be- Missions tell a story of the 'mean bad men' who killed him. I tween citizens and community, achievement of this Christian told the children that those who and between employer and em- service. wanted Jesus crucified thought they ployee, is not favored by con- In Tomatoes were doing right. This led to a dis- cussion. Charles said, 'If I had been stant movement. 'My father "I don't know if you'll recognize our there, I would have told them a thing was a track foreman at $1.25 a nursery, for now instead of rugs for or two.' Edna said to him, 'Jesus day, but we lived in a house and the toddlers to sleep on we have cribs. would have wanted you to love them.' " everybody knew us,' said a fruit A bureau which I painted cream to tramp. 'This rancher has us for match our green and cream linoleum, In Onions two or three weeks, and then holds the diapers, sheets, etc., on top "At lunch time long tables were athe's thru wjth me. He knows me tractively set by some of the children till he's through with me.' 'Resi- of which is a scale on which the babies and flowers picked for the center denters' look askance at the pieces. A wholesome well-balanced nomads, and treat them as 'out- are weighed regularly every two lunch was served and simple table landers.' Children are stigma- manners taught. When Mary was tized at school as 'pea pickers.' " weeks. Why, Annamae has already seated on a chair made from an orange crate, at the clean simple table, she What the Church Is Doing gained a pound." . . . ' beamed and said, 'My, just like Sun- day!' The hardships of migratory "And our Young People's Club, for life are only hinted at in the "After lunch each child took his above excerpts. Eighteen years youth of 14-20 has been a howling suc- new toothbrush from his own nail on ago the churches began to know about the migrants and their cess. Its purpose is to provide some- the wall, and enthusiastically went needs. It was then that the first through a peppy toothbrush drill. thing worth while for the young peo- After that they all lay down on the thinly covered floor for afternoon ple who are working. A program of naps. Some of the older children were so tired from caring for younger Negro History, Handcraft, and Rec- brothers and sisters, that they thank- reation has been planned. We meet two nights a week.

"A social hygiene forum meets each Monday afternoon and was composed of young men. The average attend- ance was a~out thirty. Some of the subjects discussed were Love, Venereal Diseases, and Marriage."

effort was made to help them. It In Tobacco fully fell asleep on the hard floor. was a unified effort of seven My how good just a small pillow women's denominational home "About twenty came to the recrea- would have felt." mission boards through the tion hall this evening. The group Council of Women for Home "Because many of the children Missions. They sought to im- planned a swim for Monday night. understood very little English, I tried prove these conditions through various ways to help them underthe enactment of protective leg- The group is starting to look on the stand the story. The most successful islation. At the same time they was to make paper figures of people felt responsible for meeting the schedule posted on the porch. Cipus and place them on the table as I went girls brought some Polish records. So along. Afterward they could make their own figures and re-tell the story far the young neople's group has in their own words. When one 10- immediate physical and spir- played darts, bean bag, toss golf, ping- year-old boy was re-telling the story itual needs of the migrants pong and quiet games. Last year of 'Let the little children come unto through public health nurses, me,' with the use of paper people, he recreational directors, visiting about all they wanted to do was said, 'The men wanted to keep the teachers and religious education children away, but Jesus said'-and he leaders in agricultural and can- dance." stumbled over the long verse he had nery areas. Through the years just learned, but finally said, usine: "Alvin came again today. The words of his own vocabulary: 'Jesus the Christian Service in Migrant little fellow asked if he could do the said, "Let 'em come."'" Camps has spread to over fifty dishes and clean the room. I have never seen a child who enjoyed clean- MY CREED ing up a room as much as he does. I wish he could do something in his own home." …

"While I made a game, Selma, who is about ten, read 'Songs from the Slums' by Kagawa. She enjoyed areas in thirteen states. Eight- them very much and from her com- ments I feel that she really under- "The food that I share with een denominations now cooper- stood them. She asked me questions ate. Employers are helping; lo- about him. Later in the afternoon others Is the food that nourishes me. cal communities are accepting a she said that when she read poems The strength that I spend for share in the work as a part of like those and about people who were others their home mission program. so kind she felt sorry for .all the lies Is the strength that I retain. On the World Day of Prayer The freedom I seek for others thousands of groups throughout she told." the country are remembering "As I work I enjoy noticing the Make's me forever free.

growing community spirit among the workers. Almost no profanity. Do a lot of talking about wearing ap- The pain that I ease in others the migrant families in their Shall take away my pain. prayers and in their gifts. The~ parel, menus, clothes, weddings. We The load that I lift from others had craft work. The boys made some Makes my l.Dad disappear. gifts have opened more Chris- checkers. One made a bouquet of flowers out of a tin can and some The good that I see in others tian Centers and sent more Comes back my life to cheer. paper." Christian nurses into migrant The path that I walk with camps. Work is under way in "It has always been considered adthirteen s tat e s, thirty-three mirable here to hit back, and to make others the person cry who is tormenting you. Is the path God walks with more states have migrants but The children favor the idea of loving me."

no work. the one who is mean to you, so he GRACE HILL FREEMAN. The following excerpts from won't want to be mean anymore. I notice them through the day trying it reports of the workers under the out. They don't seem'to admire fights

'~I Our World–wide

i A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events A EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO ~'I================================ MISCELLANEOUS cupied with the war. The hosts nearly fifty officer-instructors, of refugees are spreading infec- specialists in their various de- The Church's Challenge tion and a major epidemic may partments, assist the principal. accompany the turn of the year. United foreign mission boards Typhus, smallpox and meningitis -The Life of Faith. of North America and the Fed- are among the possible dangers. eral Council of the Churches of The Value of Christian Christ in America have formu- This is only an illustration of Colleges lated proposals regarding what how the whole world is influthe Christian Church can do in enced for good or for evil by It is interesting to know that the present world crisis. what takes place in one country. eight of our chief justices were Plague, cholera, influenza, war, college graduates, while seven of 1. Align itself with the condemna- crime, vice will spread if they the eight were from Christian tion of the practices of war as de- are not counteracted by health, schools. Eighteen of our nation's scribed in the words of the World peaceful pursuits, friendliness, presidents have been. college Conference in Oxford. education, morality, and the graduates, while .sixteen of the spirit of Christ. eighteen were from Christian 2. Declare its horror that in these schools. Eighteen of the twentydays any government should resort to Training for Salvation Army five masters of American letters war, "declared" or "undeclared," as a Workers were college men, while sevenmeans of obtaining political or eco- teen of the eighteen were from nomic advantage, or as a punitive The training of Salvation Christian colleges. Of the memmeasure. Army officers is a highly special- bers of our national congress, ized process: it has as much to whose efforts or prominence 3. Lead in arousing public opinion do with personality as with pro- have secured for them a place in to support the government in trans- gram. It is directed to fitness "Who's Who," two-thirds of forming a policy of irresponsible iso- for a keen-edged evangelism. them were graduates of Chrislationism into one of active participa- The original training period was tian schools. tion in the organizing of the political six months, but in 1904 it was and economic forces of tb.e world for extended to nine months. -George W. Truett. the purpose of establishing justice and goodwill. In urging such a proposal, London, England, has a train- NORTH AMERICA we repudiate the thought that it in- ing school which accommodates volves reliance upon military or naval 450 cadets, mostly from Great Paganism in U. S. force, or such measures as are apt to Britain, but there are also at lead to war. present representatives of South The Ministerial Association of Africa, Finland, the West Indies, Los Angeles, California, after 4. RecfJgnize the difficult position Holland and Java. In addition, nine months of investigation, rein which Christians in Japan and three junior officers from Swe- ported 120 pagan societies hold- China find themselves today. den and two native officers from ing regular meetings in and East Africa are taking the about the city. They teach and 5. Understand more clearly the im- course. All walks of life are rep- practice various non-Christian portance of its missionary enterprise resented – professional, skilled faiths, hybrid religions or phiand provide more adequately for its and clerical labor, and almost losophies, largely based upon support. The failure of Christians to every branch of industrial ac- Hinduism. Also it was found witness effectively throughout the tivity. The course include.s that Rosacrucianism has a larger world to the realities of their faith is Bible study, public speaking and nl'mber of followers than any one of the causes of our present dis- preparing addresses, principles evangelical church in the city. tress. and methods of social welfare work, first aid, home nursing -Alliance Weekly. 6. Translate its testimony into deeds and simple medical lectures; of mercy. also practice in house-to-house Religion Through Films visitation. Careful record is 7. Testify to its faith in the reality made of each student's progress, During the recent General of the Kingdom of God. which is tested both as to study Convention of the Episcopal and outdoor activity. A staff of Church held in Cincinnati, dem- -American Board News. onstration was given of a re- [51 ] cently launched plan for "visual A Warning to the World The League of Nations sends a warning that the whole world needs to be on its guard against an epidemic of disease originating in China. The cholera plague is rapidly spreading now in China, owing to the disturbed condition of affairs, the attention of the Government being oc-

religion." A fifteen- or twenty- she will provide an hour of care- Practical Cooperation minute film, to take the place of the sermon at the evening serv- fully planned religlOus nurture The Presbyterian Board of ice, relates to three or four sub- for from 600 to 1,uOO American National Missions has been cojects selected from newsreels youth, one half of whom have no operating with the Board of Forwhich present some phase of eco- vital connection with any exist- eign Missions in providing short nomic or social problems. While ing church or Sunday school." periods of training in National the film is being shown the Missions hospitals for new leader asks questions designed Here we see a new method in to stimulate the thinking of the the field of church work. A nurses under appointment to the congregation. After the pictures number of states provide for at foreign field. This arrangement have been shown, the leader, least an hour of Christian trainpreferably the pastor, would ing each week under the direc- gives the Foreign Board an optake a few minutes in which to tion of the church. In other portunity to tryout new worksummarize the Christian atti- states there is no prohibition .of ers, and gives the nurses experitude toward the problems seen such a plan. ence in extension or field nursing on the screen. The plan has been tried out in Spokane, One such teacher in New Jer- programs which both Boards are Washington, and leaders declare sey spends four days each week carrying on. It also renders the it met with a good response. National Board relief at two in four consolidated r u r a I points where, because of the in- The "Christian Cinema Coun- schools, passing from grade to creasing demand for medical cil" in England is considering a grade each period of the day. – care and the recent difficulty in plan to make religious films of This work is made possible by filling vacancies due to the Govthree types: (1) Films with a the cooperation of the Board of ernment's enlarged activities in moral or reI i g i 0 u s object; National Missions of the Pres- health, the nursing load has been (2) films illustrating the work byterian Church, the Board of too heavy for the staffs to carry. of the Church at home and Home Missions and Church Exabroad; and (3) films for direct -Monday Morning. -evangelism. tension of the Methodist Epis- Gideon Bibles in the Schools copal Church, and the public Stewardship Conference school authorities. A prelim- The "Gideons" of Canada have inary survey showed that many Church leaders representing been at work placing Bibles in of the children enrolled were 23 churches and other religious the Dominion's public schools. otherwise unreached by the bodies in the United States and The Gideon ministry of the U. S. church. Canada, with a communicant has now added this feature to membership of at least 23,000,- their work. Here is a quotation This plan is past the experi- 000, met in Philadelphia in Nofrom an article that recently ap- ment stage. For the millions of vember to search for a realistic peared in The Gideon: boys and girls unreached by a~y and scientific Christian attitude church it offers the only defimte toward money-making, money- The burglary insurance rate is religious training that they are spending and the use of life. $12.00 per thousand in Bos~on; ~22.00 ever likely to receive. The conference the m e was in New York; and $27.50 In ChIcago. "Stewardship as an Approach to Is there any connection between these -Christian Advocate. figures and the fact that the Bible has been read daily in the public Methodist Union Plan Experience and Problem!'." The schools of Boston for sixty-five years, discussions centered upon the for twenty-two years in New York, and excluded for thirty years from Unification of three Methodist principles of the Bible, interthe schools in Chicago? denominations, having approxi- preted in modern economic and Girl + Auto = Christian mately 8,000,000 members in all spiritual terms, the practical ex- parts of the world, lacks only the periences of every day, and Education final approval of the Methodist upon a number of definite rules "A college-trained girl with an Episcopal Church, South. O~­ of daily conduct applicable to additional year of special train- cials announce that the ArmIS- every normal relationship of ing in religious education can tice Day voting increased to every human being. teach a junior department of thirty pupils in a Sunday school. nearly 90 per cent the majority Religious Work at Government Seven days later she can bring in favor of the merger. They the impact of her training and Projects personality back to the same said 30 of the 42 conferences task. Give this same welltrained young lady an auto- reported a favorable majority, "United Youth" is the name mobile, set her on the trail of and that approval was practi- of a society of young people in public school groups and, from cally assured. The general ses- the interdenominational work Monday morning to Friday night, conducted by the Home Missions sion of that denomination will be held in Birmingham next Council at Grand Coulee Dam, Washington. About 6,000 men May.

The new unified church, to be are employed by the federal gov- known as the Methodist Church, ernment at Grand Coulee, and will have five geographical juris- the community numbers at least dictions. A sixth jurisdiction 20,000. Three groups of moth- will include Negro churches and ers are organized as a federated conferences. club, and a young mother's club

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

has been organized. About 60 sink and running water, with to all the patients. Tracts and persons attend the morning tow rugs on the floor and cur- Gospels have been given to the church service, and 80 attend tains at the windows. The gar- prisoners in two penitentiaries dens have added all sorts of in near-by cities." Bible school. Similar projects are at Boul- flowers and many kinds of fruits der City, Nevada, where about and vegetables. Helpful as this is, the spiritual improvement Tension Eases in Mexico 180 attend Sunday school; at that has come is far more im- Bonneville Dam, Oregon, where portant.-Christian Advocate. With the exception of the 250 families live in this seven- states of Tabasco and Chiapas, mile-long par ish, and Boy LATIN AMERICA which contain less than five per S co u t s, Christian Endeavor, cent of the population of Mex- Sunday school and church serv- Gospels for Mexico's Soldiers ico, church services are being ice are conducted; and at Ten- conducted normally all over the nessee Valley, particularly Cum- Rev. N. W. Taylor writes that country, and the former tension berland Homesteads, where the the need for buying a new car is eased. Many Mexican priests pastor conducts the equivalent providentially led to a new de- have settled in the United States of an· institutional church pro- velopment in work among sol- near the border, where they are gram, features of which are diers in Mexico. He says: serving parishes of their own interdenominational Sun day nationals. school, worship service and "While breaking in the new young people's organizations. car I could not take it up into Although there seems to be no the mountains and so decided to law on the subject, theological Over the Tea Cups drive down the valley to a city seminaries have not been per- 75 miles away. There had been mitted to function in a conspic- The second annual Christian a few army outposts on this uous way during the past three Friendliness Tea in Seattle was highway and I planned to visit years. The Presbyterian Semattended by seventy-five people, them. The miles sped by with- inary in Coyoacan, a suburb of with G re e k, Spanish-Jewish, out finding any soldiers and we Mexico City, has been closed by Danish, Bulgarian, Italian, Al- began to feel that no work could the government, and it is feared banian, Japanese and Chinese be done. At last we reached an that the Union Seminary in the nationalities represented. The airport on the outskirts of the capital city may suffer likewise. guest violinist was Kosiko Ta- city, where we saw an outpost jitsu, a fourteen-year-old Jap- with a large number of soldiers. -Christian Century. anese girl, who two years ago Approaching the officer I found toured Japan as the soloist of that the adjutant of the battalion Building for Peace in Chile the Tokio Symphony Orchestra. was in ,the camp at that very Her talented thirteen-year-old moment. When he learned what Boys and girls in Valparaiso:s sister played the difficult accom- I wanted to do, he not only gave schools have addressed a peace paniments with skill. The girls me permission to distribute lit- message to all American school are members of the Japanese erature to the men in the outpost children. Congregational Church. The but insisted that I come into Japanese Consul's wife and the town to the barracks. There we Children of America – Again we wife of the Chinese Vice~Consul arranged with the Colonel to re- raise our voices over the mountains were guests of honor. turn on a certain day to give and across the rivers and plains to Gospels and tracts to all the men. bring you our message of peace-:-that -Watchman-Examiner. On that occasion we met the peace which we so much desire and to which the Christ of the Andes, with open arms outstretched over the eter- nal snows, seems symbolically to call us.

Self-Help for Negroes Colonel of another unit, and Children of America! Let us unite when he saw us giving litera- in an affectionate embrace and forget Mary Lee Jones, A.B., Rust ture to all the troops he invited the rivalries which have separated us College, home demonstrator in for so many years. us to visit his battalion. At the Listen – An anxious call comes to the Mississippi Delta:has proved same time an introduction was us from over the sea. It is the call of given to still another battalion our brothers and sisters in Spain. It that one can teach an old dog in a town about twenty miles is the anguished cry of the orphans, new tricks. She finds Negro innocent victims of that fratricidal women forty years old are eager away. struggle.

to learn and are adopting new "Since the first of 1937, twelve In these days of suffering, only our and better ways. Under Miss new regiments or battalions continent, America, conserves its land without war. A great love and a fra- J ones' guidance, eight school have received Gospel portions ternal hope should unite its inhabigrounds and four cemeteries and tracts when in formation on tants. Let us then take care, brothers have been improved; one com- their own parade grounds. In and sisters of America, that this fire munity has bought and installed the offices of three general burns and maintains itself, so that fu- ture generations may enjoy the fruits an eighteen-quart pre s sur e headquarters, New Testaments of eternal peace, which reflects the cooker and six other clubs have have been given to all the staff realization of the sublime desire of the half the money raised for such officers, including the General. Master when he said: "Peace on an installation. Eighty-two cab- Three military hospitals have earth, good will to men." -The Churchman. ins have been improved with a been visited and literature given 54 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [January Mennonites as Evangelists sum mer vacation in trekking neva Bible School. By the middle of October, about 3,000 copies in A group of more than 2,000 through the towns and villages fifty-one languages had been sold Russian Mennonites who left in three months. home penniless have lived for of the British Isles, in an effort some years in a colony in the Those in charge of the Kiosk Chaco, Paraguay. These years to reach the unsaved. Their tes- have had many opportunities for have been full of difficulty, partly personal witness and interviews. owing to the difference in climate timony is t hat unscheduled With every Bible sold, one or from that to which they were ac- two leaflets are given as a guide customed, and from the effects events and the consequent alter- to reading, and to the knowledge of the Paraguayan – Bolivian of personal salvation. war. The privileges of religious ation of plans invariably refreedom guaranteed by the Gov- -The Christian. ernment have been faithfully vealed divine overruling. On observed, and the church life of Outlook in Spain this colony is healthy. They are one occasion, finding that they interesting themselves in the Mr. W. C. Edwards, who has spiritual welfare of their Indian had a day to spare, the trekkers spent some time in Spain, says neighbors, and though their op- that the future for Gospel teachportunities of actual witness are pressed on to a town in York- ing in that unhappy land seems limited they have a deep concern very dark; and utterly imposfor their evangelization. The shire they had not intended to sible at present. The Catholic inclusion of an immigrant group Church, wherever it is under of evangelicals in the life of a visit. Holding an open-air meet.. Franco's rule, is all powerful, country has not always had as and every day it is applying the much effect upon the life of the ing there in the evening, they spirit and law of the Inquisition nation as might have been upon the poor terror-stricken hoped, and it is, therefore, an found the people hungry for the people. C r 0 sse s have been encouraging sign that this Men- erected in some central squares, nonite colony is concerned to Gospel, and six decided for and an altar, with policemen witness to the people of their always on the watch, and woe benew home country. Christ. tide the person who passes with- out bowing to it and giving the -World Dominion Press. Another benefit was the prac- Fascist salute. He is arrested at once. -The Christian. • Oonversions in Peru tical experience gained on the As a Militarist Sees Religion Rev. A. C. Snead, of the Chris- trek. Students learned how to tian Alliance, visiting Quechua While Hitler and Mussolini Indians, writes in .the Alliance concentrate in preparation of have fundamentally the same ob- Weekly: jective, the latter is pursuing a addresses when distances re- sounder plan to attain it in at- God is at work here in Peru, espe- tacking one obstacle at a time, cially in faraway mountain and nuired much time on the road. and has not as yet molested the jungle sections. In Tayabamba, Church or ,the Jews; while Hitwhere the first convert was won only Also, they learned how to adapt ler is attacking Jews, Catholics a little more than two years ago, and and Protestants at one and the where six months ago there were only their talks to varying types of same time. A great German twenty professed iJelievers, there are general recently condemned this today more than one hundred and people. -Life of Faith. as short-sighted folly, "because," twenty who show signs of definite con- said this general, "no army that version. Fourteen men walked eleven Missionary-Minded Youth goes into battle without hope of days over the steepest mountain trails, in France a life hereafter will fight sucpart of the way in altitudes where no cessfully." villages or houses could be seen, to The ninth annual conference attend the services at Pachas. of the Congres Missionaire de The Ohurch and Hitler J eunf!!sse in France last Septem- It was wonderful to be at Pachas, ber represented a missionary After failure to achieve Protwith 220 Quechua Indians from eight- movement among French youth. estant church unity by stamping een pueblos on mountain and in The students' Federation and all out opposition, Herr Hitler has jungle, who gathered to sing the youth movements in France sent declared himself tired of the praises of God, and to learn of Christ. delegates to the number of more whole church business. One of In the evening services the attendance than eighty. The vast territories the inexplicable myths which has of others from Pachas (a fanatical of the French colonial empire crept out of Germany has been Catholic center) brought the number will furnish a sphere for this that Hitler wishes to see the in the congregation to about 300. missionary interest. churches in Germany free to do just as they choose, that every EUROPE There is now a unified evan- gelical church in France com- Students' "Summer Trek" prising the Reformed Church, the Ref 0 r m e d Evangelical Students of Highfield Mission- Church, the Free Church and the ary Training Colony spent their Methodist Church of France. Commissions are studying a method of redistributing the congregations in regional dis- tricts in 1938. The evangeliza- tion of the suburbs of Paris constantly preoccupies the lead- ers. An effort is being made to create one new church yearly for ten years.

-World Dominion Press.

Bible Kiosk at Paris People of all classes and na- tions are being reached through the Bible Kiosk at the Paris Ex- position, maintained by the Geman should be allowed to wor- July, the Central Council of God- Most fanatical of the three reliship as he thinks fit. Hitler does less Institutions in Moscow plans gions is that of the false not understand the "church to hold an International Godless prophet. question." To him there is no Congress in London in April, intrinsic difference between a 1938, and has voted 150,000 Still another classification is: church and a skittle association. rubles towards the expenses. first, small groups of believers Hence, he does not understand The Oxford Conference must bearing witness to Christ; secwhy these oppositional pastors have convinced Soviet leaders ond, those who give evidence of should behave as they do. that the Church is a force to be conviction, but are still holding reckoned with, and that an anti- aloof; third, those who have Pastor Niemoeller, in a letter religious drive is called for. heard the Word, and evince a dewritten from prison to a friend, sire to know more. The great says he is not only unbroken, but The plans made to carry out mass of the people, however, are full of joy and gratitude for this propaganda include, among still ignorant and fanatical and God's gracious guidance. "I am other things, a new radio station there are only about twenty now resting in peace," he says, to be completed next year, from workers among 2,000,000 Mo- "after the abundant turmoil of which godless talks are to be hammedans. -The Christian. the last few years and await pa- delivered daily in European lantiently and with full confidence, guages, including English. An- .Capturing Souls should the Lord again need me ticipating that Great Britain for service outside these walls. may ban the holding of a God- African evangelists, elders, When and how? It is not for less Conference in London, the missionaries in Cameroon, West me to concern myself about that. Soviet Council voted that, in Africa, set as their centennial I know that I and many others this eve n t, the Conference goal the winning of 15,000 new whom God has committed to soli- would be held in Belgium or converts: they have won almost tary places are carried by many Holland. -The Christian. 18,00b, and the Good News is prayers." still spreading. But conversion AFRICA was not enough. Each new Baptists in Roumania Christian is being trained, that Waldensians in Abyssinia he may know what his new de- The Baptist World Alliance cision means and learn to live a reports that the Roumanian Gov- The Italian Government has Christian life. ernment seems determined to asked the Waldensian Church of enforce its decree that some non- Italy to send a second chaplain As their African forefathers orthodox groups are illegal. At to help Captain Bertinatti in went out to capture men and present the 70,000 Baptists in missionary work at Add i s women for slaves and wives, and Roumania are not directly de- Ababa, Ethiopia. Sig. Edoardo returned singing from a successclared illegal, but they are re- Micol, a young minister of 29, ful "raid," so these modern capquired to conform to conditions at present in Sicily, (Pachino) tors returned each day to hold which are to them intolerable in has been sent. It means a great a prayer service for those who principle and impossible in prac- sacrifice, from every point of have refused, and those who tice. Unless they conform, they view, for the Waldensians to have received their message. become illegal. This decree is in send more men to Ethiopia, but violation of the principle of reli- it seems a duty to meet the re- -Monday Morning. gious freedom to which Rou- quest to carryon the missionary mania has subscribed as a mem- work in the Italian colonies. Congo Women Send Greetings ber of the League of Nations. There are thousands of Evan- The Roumanian State Constitu- gelical Abyssinian Christians Ma Ngunga, chairwoman of tion also pays homage to reli- who are now like sheep without the Native Council's women's gious liberty. The Orthodox a shepherd. sessions, Belgian Congo, was Church of Roumania was repre- asked by a missionary what messented at the Oxford Conference -Prof. Ernest Comba sage she should send from them in July, and participated in the of Rome. to Northern Baptist women in unanimous decision to abjure America. She quickly replied: connivance with the repression Land of Three M's by the State of religious minori- "Tell the women of your counties. Yet the present crisis has The effective witness of na- try that we thank them heartily undoubtedly been brought about tive converts is one evidence of for sending us women missionby the influence of the Orthodox a new era in North Africa. In aries. At first even when we Church on the Roumanian Gov- Tunis, though political loyalty is became Christians, we were very ernment. divided between Fascism and much afraid to testify or to try communism, fellowship in the to do any work in the church. -Watchman-Examiner. Gospel has enabled many of both But we saw our white mothers groups to lay aside their differ- go about their work just the Moscow vs. Oxford ences. Mrs. E. E. Short, British same as the men. From them missionary who has been in we began to receive courage. Obviously to stage an answer Tunis forty years, says North Now we are no longer afraid; to the Oxford Conference of last Africa is a land of three M's- We still do not feel very strong; Moses, Mary and Mohammed. but we do want to take our share in the school work, in the med- 56 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD ical work, and especially in the James B. Barton Memorial toward organic unity, but all work of drawing other women work together with one purpose to Jesus Christ. Greet the wom- The Prudential Committee of -Latins, Greeks, Armenians, en of your country for us all." the American Board has hear.tily Anglicans and Protestants. In endorsed the thought of a Me- Christian schools, all the varied – Watchman-Examiner. morial to Dr. James L. Barton classes meet together, and slowly in Istanbul, Turkey, the city that are getting a common educa- Bantus: "Let It Go" spans the closest approach of tional and cultural background. Europe and Asia; the land of The watchword of Bantu Con- his first foreign service. The -The Living Church. gregational Churches is Mali- memorial is to be in connection hambe. What does it mean? with the American Hospital and Pray for Tender Hearts Literally, "Let it go"; that is, School of Nursing of Istanbul. let the evangel go – not let it The Jessie Taylor Kinderalone, not forget it, but release Modern nursing began in Is.!: garten was in the center of the it for its redemptive work. It is tanbul, when Florence Nightin- anti-Christian riots that took the equivalent of Christ's last gale entered the pestilential place in Beirut, Syria, early last command: "Go ye into all the Crimean War hospitals on the year, and the night school is still world." Bosphorus. With the restric- suffering from that antagonism. tions of the veil now removed in But as soon as the day school Malihambe has captuted the Turkey, over 100 young women could reopen, the chi I d r e n imagination, the enthusiasm and nurses have graduated from this trooped gayly back, and the the purse of Bantu Congrega- school since the Great War. school now proudly boasts a tional churches. waiting list. Mrs. J. H. Nicol -Missionary Herald. writes: "The day when the riots -Missionary Herald. seemed most threatening we The Child on the Street closed the school and escorted WESTERN ASIA the children safely home. Be- Turkey's Educational Admin- fore we left one small Moslem Religion in Turkey istration has noted the fact that boy said, 'Won't you please pray children of working families are before we go?' So, of course, I Turkey dealt a body blow to wandering in the streets after would. I asked him, 'What do Islam some years ago, but is still school hours, and it has been you want me to pray for?' He considered a M 0 s I e m land. seeking means to prevent this said, 'Ask God to make people's Among other amendments to the situation, harmful to the chil- hearts tender to each other so constitution last year, the State dren. For this purpose "child- that they will not hurt each is declared to be "laic"; that is, sheltering" rooms will be opened other.' So there were small the Government does not recog- in different parts of the city. heads reverently bowed while we nize an official religion, nor does asked the Father to give us lovit stand to support any par- The Administration has also ing hearts and minds to underticular religion. No one may decided to take strict measures stand each other." interefere with another's reli- to make school attendance more gion; in religion, as in intel- regular. Accordingly, when a Unhappy Assyrians lectual and political matters, pupil does not go to school for fanaticism has given place to one day, notice will be sent to The Assyrians seem to be the mutual tolerance. the child's parent or guardian. forgotten people number one. If a pupi1 is sick, an official doc- There are some 30,000 of them Lest this appear to be more of tor will be sent to his home. in Mesopotamia, the racial reman advance than it actually is, Also, in order to prevent a stu- nant, perhaps, of the great emdeputy Bey Ali warns the Turk- dent from going to the cinema pire of antiquity, and the reliish people that liberty of con- or cafes during the school hours, gious remnant of the greatest science is not a limitless free- such places will be very closely missionary force in the middle dom. The State may interfere controlled. ages, the Nestorian Church. Like in certain situations. For in- so much "Christianity" in the stance, he says, children under -Turkish Translation Near East, the religion has dried eighteen may be subjected to a Service. into ritual, leaving the people alkind of spiritual compUlsion in most totally ignorant of the gosreligion in foreign schools; this Unity Out of Palestine? pel, and many of their priests are already has happened, and will little better. They are a quarrelnot be tolerated. However, after Christian unity coming out of some lot, both among themselves passing the age of eighteen every Palestine is seen as a future pos- and the people among whom they individual is free to choose his sibility by Canon Bridgeman, live. They were staunch and own religion, "provided this does Episcopal missionary in J eru- valuable allies of the British durnot disturb the social order." salem. As the basis for this pre- ing the war; and the British He adds: "Youth must not be diction, Canon Bridgeman cites officially assumed "moral respondragged into Catholicism, and the cordial relationships which sibility" for them as a people thereby a culture foreign to our exist between the representatives when proposing the independthought and feeling be permitted of virtually all communions to spring up in the midst of the working in the Holy Land. Turkish people." There is no specific movement -Alliance Weekly. ence of Iraq to the League of say, "Well, anyhow now I know, ing, and nine the examination in Nations. But here they remain, and shall not spend any more weaving, held by the Committee after a number of unsuccessful time and money looking for a of Direction for Technical Eduattempts to arrange their emi- cure, for if you cannot cure me, cation. The scout organization gration. Six evangelists are at no one can, and I know you are has proved to be of inestimable work among them, patiently folk who do not flatter or tell value in training character and showing by word and deed the lies, but you tell the truth." encouraging the young people to way of the Gospel. be truthful, honest and active. INDIA-SIAM -Presbyterian Board News. -Dnyanodaya. World Conference at Madras Mothercraft in Iran A Requirement for Converts On account of war conditions, Mrs. J. D. Payne of Teheran, the great world conference of the Such a deep impression has Iran, teaches a course in "moth- International Missionary Coun- the Christian religion made upon ercraft" in connection with the cil, scheduled to be held at Hang- converts in India that there is a Woman's Club, which has a de- chow, China, in the fall of 1938, constant demand for teachers in partment of adult education for has been obliged to change its new villages. Before a teacher women. There are about 45 in place of meeting to India, and is sent to a community, at least each of three classes. No text- will convene at Madras Chris- 50 natives must attend daily books can be used; lectures and tian College in Madras, Decem- worship for a specified length of pictures must serve, since the ber 10th to 30th. time. Then the bishop is petiwomen are about in the first- tioned for a teacher. It costs reader stage. Some show inter- Value in Persecution $75 a year for such instructors. est, some indifference, while Instruction for a period of a others are openly opposed to Let no one think the day of year precedes baptism and antaking time to listen to a for- religious persecution has passed other year before confirmation. eigner talk about something of in India. On the contrary, re- Witness is the primary requirelittle value. God gave them ports show an intensified indi- ment of the Christian, and contheir babies, Kismet (fate) left vidual persecution in recent verts are frequently asked as them, or caused them to die, so years. This may even affect they come to church whether or why all this bother? They be- whole communities where new not they have brought others to lieved the world was supported work is being established. It is Christ. -The Living Church. on the horns of a bull; that the still possible to see the crops of sun was a man and the moon a a village being brought in with Christian Character Counts woman; that the foreigner was rejoicing, and those of a recent only to be pitied for her igno- Christian going up in flames. Some villagers in Assam were rance. But most of them ab- compelled by crop failure to try sorbed some of the principles But such persecution has a to get money by arranging with taught. Mrs. Payne writes: value in clarifying individual a timber merchant for a con- "One of the older pupils told me conviction, and the courage and tract. When they approached one day that she wanted another faith of the Christians continues him and asked for an advance baby. She had had nine chil- to make a deep impression in the of several hundred rupees so dren and they all died. I stared community. The revolution they could fulfil their contract, in amazement. 'Why do you created in family life, in cleanli- he was hesitant about giving want another, then?' I asked. ness of person and habits, of them the money. Just then a 'Before I came to your class I growing strength of character, non-Christian forest ranger apdid not want any more, but now are singularly manifest against peared, and after hearing of the I have learned so much from you a background of their previous difficulty said, "These men are I think that I could raise one if life. None can deny that things Christians and they always do I had it. You see, I made mis- have fundamentally changed in their work faithfully. They are takes.' " what, to them, is a miraculous industrious, and once they be- manner. gin to work they will stick to it. "Christians Do Not Lie" lt will be good business for you -World D.ominion Press. to give them the contract and Sufferers sometimes come 300 advance the necessary money." miles or more to the American Uplift for Criminal Tribes This assurance won the day. Christian Hospital in Meshed, Iran; some even come from An important nation-building Gandhi and Prohibition Afghanistan, in spite of the ex- process is going on by means of pense and difficulty of crossing the Criminal Tribes Settlement The prohibition policy of the the national frontier into a for- Work at Sholapur and other new Ministry of Madras Presieign land. Unfortunately, they centers. Eighty-three lads have dency is not mere talk. Gandhi, cannot all be cured, but such is been apprenticed to various in his Rarijan, expresses the the hospital's reputation that trades. There are 302 children hope of "bringing about total when told there is no cure for in the manual training classes in prohibition not later than three t.heir malady, they will sigh and settlement schools. During the years from July 14, 1937, the year, 18 boys passed the exam- ination in carpentry and draw-

date of taking office by the first For Pure Milk for India the interest your people have shown Congress Ministry." He de- in our work, and the concrete part clares fearlessly: They water the milk in India you have played in that work in the too, but Allahabad Agricultural years that are past. I sincerely hope I count the loss of this revenue Institute has found a way to that this cross which you are install- (from the liqu9r traffic) as of no ac- check on village dairymen by es- ing may be the means of linking us count whatever. Prohibition will re- tablishing milk stations, where more vitally, not only in our common main a far cry if Congress is to count the cows are milked before an interest, but also in our common worthe cost in a matter of first class na- inspector, who checks the sani- ship. It gives us much pleasure to tional importance. Let it be remem- tary condition of the animals, realize that Siamese workmanship is bered that this drink and drugs rev- workmen and utensils, weighs to assist the members of your church enue is an extremely degrading form the milk, and delivers it to the in making our common Christ more of revenue. The loss of revenue is Institute dairy. Where cleanli- real. only apparent. The removal of this ness, honesty, and the keeping of degrading tax enables the drinker- records were unknown before, -Monday Morning. the taxpayer – to earn and spend cooperative dairymen's societies better. are being formed. The Institute French Indo-China hopes to build up a system such Then, by way of a Hindu re~ as exists in some parts of the About a year ago a young Anbuke to Christian America, United States, where the cattle Gandhi says: "The American belong to individuals, but the namese evangelist began work example is a hindrance rather milking and marketing are than a help to us. In America, handled by a responsible central among a race of mountaineers, drinking carries no shame with organization. it. It is the fashion there to the Thais, who live in the hills drink." He graciously adds: -Monday Morning. "I do not despair of America north of Laos Province. Alonce more returning, with still Buddhist Worship in Tibet greater fervor and better experi- though these people are highly ence in dealing with it." Theos Bernard, 28-year-old American explorer, is the first intelligent, they are quite unciv- India has made progress when white man to witness, photoshe thus encourages us to try graph and par,ticipate in the re- ilized and untouched by the Gosagain in a moral crusade. ligious rites of the lamaseries and monasteries of Tibet. He pel. In Laos itself there are -Dnyanodaya. took motion pictures of cere- monies which even Tibetans had 60,000 Laotians and tribespeople Practice Training Experiment never seen. who are still in absolute dark- Church workers in Santa} In addition to his phototried an experiment which seems graphs, Mr. Bernard, who has ness, living in constant fear of to promise far-reaching results. recently returned to the U. S., After repe~ted visits were paid brought back a collection of rare evil spirits. Except for the Swiss to definitely Christian villages, a books and manuscripts, includcircular was sent out to clergy ing complete copies of the Kan- missionaries in southern Laos and catechists in charge of con- Gyur, the Buddhist scriptures, gregations, asking for the names and Ten Gyur, or commentaries, there have been no witnesses in of any villagers who would like and other works including 333 instruction in ways of present- volumes printed from engraved that vast, semi-explored district; ing the Gospel to non-Christian wood blocks. These were carried neighbors. Though illness kept in yak-skin bags for hundreds but recently the Christian and away many who sent their of miles by a pack caravan of names, twenty-eight men and mules and yaks over 18,000-foot Missionary Alliance has apeighteen women came. Bible mountain passes and streams. readings and talks on personal pointed a couple for service contacts, how to tell Bib 1e Siamese Present Cross stories, how to speak at a lan- there. tern service, how to teach in A teakwood cross, carved by Sunday school, wi.th practice in a young Siamese Christian, has There is also great need in doing such things, filled the pro- been presented to the United gram. During the last week Church of Hyde Park, Chicago. eastern Siam, with its fourteen end the people themselves sug- Rev. Pluang Sudhikam, of Banggested the following lines of fol- kok, wrote the officers of the provinces and a population of low-up acti,on: Prayer, both church: private and in weekly prayer 4,000,000; only three provinces meetings; Sun day schools; May I as Moderator of the Church preaching bands; personal work; of Christ in Siam take the liberty of are occupied by missionaries. teaching iIliterates to read and expressing the great pleasure and write. -C. M. S. Outlook. gratitude of our Christian people for Two new workers have been ap- pointed for this field, and six young men from the Siam Bible School have gone out on active service. -Life of Faith.

CHINA Who Says Evacuate?

A missionary of the American Board in North China writes the Church in the U. S.: Of one thing we are sure: there can be no abandonment of our work in North China. We have-you have -too large a stake here to think of running off and leaving it. The stake consists of far more than property and institutions. It is a spiritual stake and belongs to a Kingdom of God that still takes precedence over the Im- perial Japanese Government. Barely two years ago, in a personal conver- sation, the American Ambassador told me that he believed emphatically that in the new regime, which he then felt sure was coming, our contribution as Christian missionaries would be needed

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

even rrW're than in the 75 years of our order to win the game, but she among the Wa tribe near the mission's history which had just closed. is getting her pocket drained border of Burma. The Chinese While so many things are crashing every day she lingers in China. soldiers seem intent on destroyabout us, there are other things that She is killing us day by day but ing every vestige of Christianity dJ and must remain. The friendship this act of killing takes much in that tribe. Representations of Christians of the West for the money. Finally she will go through the American Consul stricken Church of Christ in this land bankrupt. We must pray for have proved worse than fruitwill be of enormous value. peace. I do not think all Jap- less. This is not, however, anese people are as inhuman as typical of the attitude of the The courage and good spirit in these war soldiers." Chinese Government, either civil which our Chinese leaders with whom or military, towards mission we are in daily contact are carrying War Impetus to Education work in Yunnan, for in almost on is in itself an appeal for all that every place there is toleration we can do to hold up their hands. Hin Wong, contributor to the and even friendliness. Many of China Weekly Review, says that the officials are either Christians Chinese Appeal to Christians the war now in progress, while themselves, or friendly to Chris- distressing in many ways, is tian propaganda. An open letter to the Chris- beneficial to the Chinese morally, tians of the world, signed by 20 especially to the women folk, in- Although definite statistics prominent Chinese Christians, cluding those in Szechuen, who are not available, it is highly both men and women, declares: now realize their short-comings probable that there are more "The present Sino – Japanese and are not slow to apply a rem- aboriginal Christians in Yunnan crisis may prove a test of the edy. Certain middle schools for than in all the other provinces moral strength of the Christian girls in and outside Chungking of China put together. Amer- Church throughout the world. have decided to use the off-hours ican Baptist workers have bap- Our earnest hope is that the of their students to organize tized over 28,000 aborigines. Sino-Japanese conflict may not mass education for adult women be viewed as a local and remote in order to interest the illiterate JAPAN-CHOSEN quar.rel. . . . We appeal to in reading, and thus in national Christian people all over the affairs. The women's division Shrine Problem Again world, including those in Japan, of the present National Defense, to share with us the sense of re- or anti-enemy, League in Chung- In carrying out the instrucsponsibility in this perilous king, has found itself inefficient tions of the educational departhour, and to adopt whatever and unable to meet the task as- ment of the government that all measures are within their power signed it, simply because of lack common schools in Japan adopt to set in motion the corporate of leadership among the women some sort of spiritual drill, many conscience of the Christian themselves; and all this may be principals take the pupils to a Church." traced to lack of education on near-by shrine once a month and the part of the masses. make them bow before it. The The "Truly True Church" National Sunday School Associa- Revival in Hong Kong tion is seeking to counteract this China is not without sec- influence in the lives of Christarianism. Independent groups Dr. H. Lechmere Clift, of tian pupils, and is endeavoring are springing up in the Chinese Emanuel Medical Mission, Hong- to make special plans to come in Church, and some try to draw kong, writes in The Life of touch with these pupils in some members away from others. Faith: active way. Reports indicate These groups have such names that the Sunday school enrolas the Glory Church, the Inde- The unJelievable has happened. Re- ment is steadily decreasing, due pendent C h u r c h, the Little vival has begun in Hongkong – al- largely to the rising tide of mili- Flock, the True Jesus Church, most the hardest place in the world tarism. Every effort is being and the Truly True Jesus to rouse saint or sinner. Suddenly, made to awaken church mem- Church. Obviously, the Truly with no herald announcing his ap- bers to a realization of their True have left the True. proach, a tall young American ap- duties in connection with this peared at our Mission. He was Mr. important aspect of their work. -So S. Times. Clifford Lewis on his way to Burma, India, Palestine and Britain. How- -World's Sunday School Extracts from Chinese ever, in answer to prayer, the Lord Association. Woman's Letter detained him, and he had more than a fortnight's meetings. Many souls Kagawa's Views Unchanged "Weare unable to send any have been saved and believers brought war news to anyone as mails are into fuller light and into more conse- Asked to comment upon the being censored. . . . China is crated surrender. rumors that Dr. Toyohiko Kagfighting a defensive war. Japan awa had modified his Christian is fighting a war of aggression. Persecution in Yunnan pacifist attitude because of Ja- China will resist to the end. pan's present action in China, China may die in the end but World Dominion Press reports his secretary and fellow worker, Japan will die with us also. that frightful persecution is go- Miss Helen Topping, declared Japan is acting like a gambler ing on against the American that letters she had received playing a poker game. She is Baptist Mis s ion Christians bidding the highest stakes in

from Japan quite recently were Educating Koran Girls from India, Tonga, Samoa, the eloquent witness to Kagawa's Ellice Islands and New Zealand. distress and concern at the pres- Great changes have taken It has been an official leper setent actions of his country. place in all the mission schools tlement since 1911. Since that of Korea. Twenty-five years ago year there have been more than -The Living Church. the average girl was sixteen to 900 admissions to Makogai, of twenty years old when she en- which about 580 remain today. Japanese Speaks Out tered. There were even a few The island is barely two and a married women. Educational half miles long and a mile wide. At a mass meeting in Madison standards were negligible. Most Square Garden, New York City, of the students were from Chris- Lepers able to care for themlast October, Mr. S. Okemoto, a tian homes and had for years selves are housed in one of five Japanese, said: been attending Sunday school, villages, according to their race. as well as Bible classes with Each village is ruled by a head- Enough has been said about the older women. man, responsible to the adminisreal aim of this undeclared war upon tration for its cleanliness and China by the Japanese military Fas- While the objectives have not the observance of health rules. cists who dominate their government. changed, they now enter at All lepers are expected to work, I shall speak about whether the peo- eleven or twelve years of age, if able. Most of them are farmple of Japan want war, whether the and a larger proportion come ers, raising bananas, sweet potapeople of my country wish to murder from non – Christian hom e s. toes, tapioca and kawais. Any helpless women and children. They There is sufficient evidence to surplus crops are bought by the do not want war.. they do not want prove that these modern stu- government and used for feedto murder the peace-loving people of dents when once they have ing the inmates at the hospital. China; nor do they wish to destroy yielded their hearts to God have the old civilization of China. I give the same burning enthusiasm for European nurses devote their facts to prove it. Christian service as have their lives to these sufferers. They older sisters, with even greater perform the minor dressings for First, the working masses of Japan poise and efficiency. the patients and aside from their have to work long hours for miserably aid in medical and surgical treatlow wages. What will they gain by AUSTRALIA AND THE ment .they spend their time engoing into China to shoot the Chinese ISLANDS couraging the lepers in work and or to be shot themselves? Is it in de- play. Besides the inevitable fense of their country? That cannot Sunday School by Mail movies, the inmates have fishing, be, for we all know that no country model boat sailing, cricket and on earth is threatening Japan. The Postal Sunday School native games for amusement. Movement, wit h headquarters Secondly, who is hearing the burden in Sydney, Australia, was started Surprisingly, the visitor finds of the tremendous expense of this four years ago to meet the spir- the whole atmosphere one of warfare? It is the working masses itual needs of young people in cheerfulness. This is due to the of Japan, where the prices of bare lonely homesteads and scattered fact that modern medicine has necessities, food and clothing- have al- settlements. More than 8,000 shown leprosy to be curable. ready risen 80 per cent. The people boys and girls are members, of of Japan cannot afford to pay for war whom 2,718 enrolled during the Women in the Philippines when they earn hardly enough to pay past year. Thousands of isolated for a bowl of rice! It is the military boys and girls still remain to be The U nit e d Evangelical clique, together with a handful of big linked up with the movement. Church of the Philippines' has financial and industrial interests, that just taken a forward step; it is started war, not the Japanese people. Joy Bells, a monthly periodi- the formation of a Woman's cal, is sent to everyone of them Association. Two years ago the – Watchman-Examiner. free, and contains Bible lessons Dorcas Societies of Mindanao requiring study and answers sent a resolution to the General How Churches Start which are sent to headquarters Assembly asking for more par- for examination and correction. ticipation. As a result, women The founding of a Christian Interesting articles in it foster delegates were invited to the church in a heathen village is al- an interest in the Bible among General Assembly last year for ways a miracle. Here is one these children of some 3,900 the first time. These women which had its beginning in the homes in every state of the Com- then got together to consider hear.t of a humble man from the monwealth, New Zealand, Fiji, how Church women could render mountains. He had heard the New Guinea, Nauru and the more effective service. After Gospel for the first time while Solomon Islands. their deliberations, and with the bringing lumber down for the encouragement of Dr. E. C. Sob- Chusil church, and a workman -World Dominion Press. repena, Moderator of the Gentaught him to believe in Jesus. eral Assembly of the United He went home, and succeeded in Leper Island in Fiji Evangelical Church, the Womconvincing four of his six broth- an's Union was organized, with ers of the truth of the Gospel. Makogai is a dreaded spot in Mrs. Julia Yapsutco as first Although he could neither read the Pacific Ocean. It is the president. nor write he bought several island of Fiji to which go lepers Bibles and hymn books to distribute among his brothers and neighbors who could read. He himself is now learning to read. There are about 400 homes in his village; about 45 attend worship services.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Mrs. Yapsutco has been a dy- growing interest in Bible study. Chautauqua World Missions Innamic leader in the churches of All this has challenged workers stitute: "A Moslem world dis- Mindanao, stimulating the de- to broaden their program, and turbed by the forces of nationalvelopment of a number of con- these are the goals they have set ism, social change, and science gregations and becoming pastor for the next two years: and education, was portrayed by of some of them. She is a wom- The Gospel shall be preached for Dr. Young, speaking on 'The an of deep spiritual life, and will not less than one week in every mu- Awakening of the M 0 s Ie m nicipality of the Bicol Region. World.' Approximately 250 milgive this association leadership In every town where there is an or- lion people are of Moslem faith of a high order. today, considerably in excess of ganized church, every precinct shall all the Protestant Christians in -Missionary Herald. hear the Gospel. the world. Dr. Young stated that the Moslem world is seeth- Every member shall strive to win ing with unrest today and turn- ing away from the orthodox Mo- Something New Under at least one soul to Christ. hammedan conceptions. In just Moro Sun what direction it is turning is Every family in the church shall not now evident. It may pos- possess a Bible and every member at sibly turn to a revised Moslem faith, adapted to modern condi- Under the inspiration and di- least a New Testament. tions; or it may turn largely to rection of Dr. Frank C. Lau- A definite work among the Negritos Christianity. bach, a group of young Filipinos (small aborigines) shall be estab- "Dr. Young pointed out that have launched a m 0 vern e n t lished through local contributions the thinking Moslem people can- alone. not reconcile the ideals of Chris- tianity with the practices of supbased upon seven tests of char- Family worshio shall be established posedly Christian nations and acter: (1) Abandonment of evil . in every evangelical home. people, particularly as to the Christian use of force, and alhabits of thought and action. MISCELLANEOUS coholism. The Moslems look to (2) Absolute honesty. (3) Ab- the United States as the most nearly Christian nation in the solute purity. (4) Absolute Missions and Peace world, thus placing upon us a tremendous responsibility in pounselfishness. (5) To be abso- The Federal C 0 u n c i I of lutely loving. (6) Seek and ob- tential power for good. This Churches and the Committee on serve the Will of God in every International Relations of the power can only be exercised if detail of life. (7) Help their fellow men find the "Good Life.'.' Foreign Missions Conference our practices are made to con- Every young Moro who wishes have agreed upon a plan of coto join must pledge himself to operation to relate the mission- form to our ideals." these principles. Over 43 to ary program of the Church more date have done so. Here is a real challenge to the closely to the cause of peace and better international understand- Christian churches of America Goals for the Future ing. It is widely recognized that and to the home missions forces. foreign missions have a part to The non-Catholic population play in the maintenance of world in the Philippines is increasing peace.

rapidly, while the Roman Cath- From a .Summer Oonference olic population is becoming more Notebook broad-minded and, in many cases is asking for Protestant training Dr. Herrick B. Young, Board for their children. .There is a of Foreign Missions of the Pres- deepened spirituality and a byterian Church of U. S. A., PERSECUTION THAT MISSED ITS POINT Christians have always been persecuted more or less in the Bhil country, Western India, but last year concerted effort was made to destroy Christianity in the village of Ubri. So far as can be ascertained, the reason was fear that the Christian community might become dominant. Whereupon the converts were beaten and constantly threatened, and finally given five days' notice to quit the village. Successful appeal was made to the local magistrate who ruled that Christians were not to be turned out of the village.

This organized persecution was not without encouraging results. The persecutors in Ubri were anxious for the persecution to spread into other villages. So they sent word to the head men of villages near by that unless they made it hot for the Christians in their villages, no brides would be forthcoming from Ubri for their young men. The head men responded by summoning the Christians in the various villages to a meeting. Nearly every Christian household was represented. Then such questions were asked as: "Why did you become Christians?" and "In what way is Christianity better than Hinduism?" and so a splendid opportunity for evangelism was given. The meeting broke up in quite a friendly atmosphere, and the attempt to spread organized persecution fizzled out. Not only that, but Christians were bound together as never before.-C. M. S. Outlook.

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I Our Missionary Bookshelf I Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information 1_ ~,~=====-=o…oo=~=======-==,~ The Solitary Throne. By Samuel M. glibly pray the prayer that we The Process of Change in the Otto- Zwemer. 111 pp. ish. Pickering may be filled with the Holy man Empire. By Dr. Wilbur W. & Inglis. London. 1937. Spirit. I shall never forget the White. Map. 314 pp. $3.50. Uni- professor under whom I .was versity of Chicago Press. 1937. The author was formerly a taught theology telling a man to missionary to Arabia, and re- stop as he prayed that prayer" Ranke, a century ago, unravelcently Professor of Christian and the man stopped in the ing the tangled history of Eur- Missions and the History of Re- middle of his petition. 'John,' ope and the Popes, wrote "No ligion at Princeton Theological he said, 'do you know what it history can be written but uni- Seminary; for twenty-six years might mean to your father and versal history." Dr. White, Ashe has been Editor of The Mos- sistant Professor of Political lem World. He has given us mother, to your home-ties, and Science at Western Reserve Unifive addresses delivered at the to your whole life, if you were versity, has well proven the Keswick Convention in England really baptized with the Holy truth of this quotation. In this last summer. The title is taken Spirit?' When we pray that Doctor's dissertation, he shows from a s tat e m e nt by Mr. prayer, it means combustion- hoW the drama of the Ottoman Gandhi: "I am unable to place sacrifice, 'my heart an altar and Empire, though enacted on the Jesus Christ on a solitary Thy love the flame.' " Near Eastern stage, was plotted throne." These addresses on backstage in Russia, Austria, The Solitary Throne, His Minis- The chapter on "The Glory of Great Britain and later Italy and ters a Flame, Photophobia, The the Impossible" is a summons Germany. The book is a mod- Glory of the Impossible, and The more imperative than any Muez- ern tragedy, with its theme the Hinterland of the Soul empha- zin's can to prayer; it is a sum- struggle of a single old Moslem size the finality of Christ, His Empire against new and vigposition on the Throne of God, mons to the exercise of Christian orous empires. His worthiness to open the seals faith, courage and determination of the Book of History, His abil- in carrying the Gospel to the Here is a condensed history of ity to make His ministers a flame Moslem world, where the author Turkey – the first chapter reof fire, and His glory in bringing spent many years of his life and viewing the rise of a military the Light of Life to men. which he knows so thoroughly. Moslem Empire during the Thir- "It is daybreak, not sunset in teenth Century, penetrating all Dr. Zwemer's style is not like the Moslem world" is his in- contiguous territories till in a smoothly running brook, but formed and eager cry. 1774, having attained its zenith, like a stream which is full of the process of disintegration berapids and cataracts. Like The closing chapter on "The came evident. The following Carlyle he is staccato, pungent, Hinterland of the Soul" is the chapters trace the methods used piercing, although the original call of a real leader and a true by European imperialism to and forceful address on "Photo- prophet to all Christians to rouse weaken and encroach on the dephobia" is an exception to this. from lethargy and to take pos- caying Ottoman Empire. There He is nothing if not original, di- session of the things which have is a trenchant criticism of the rect, interesting and often dis- been promised by the Lord. vision of political leaders during turbing. His whole soul is de- the nineteenth century in not voted to the Lord Jesus. First Dr. Zwemer's quotations and understanding the dynamic nahe gives the particulars which illustrations, with which the ture of change. Each step was show the supremacy, uniqueness book abounds, reveal a very considered as final-and no proand finality of Christ and Chris- wide reading, an excellent mem- vision allowed for later modifitianity; second he communicates ory, and a great gift of painting cation of circumstances. Yet to the reader something of the "apples of gold in pictures of Divine fire which has consumed each treaty was but a comprohim in Arabia and at Princeton. silver." Any man or woman who mise and soon after signing of Let the reader think of the pas- reads this book will have his or sage on page 50: "May we never her heart warmed and stirred such treaties, conditions had and inspired and called to deeper love for Christ and to greater changed, making the conditions courage in His service. unbearable to one of the many ROCKWELL S. BRANK.

Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[62 ]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

parties concerned. Any effort to Browbeaten by war and illegalities guide-book in the unspeakably from 1774 to 1920, Turkey rested its important work of winning peoaccomplIsh modIfications, trod last stand for national existence on ple to Christ and definite salva- military force-and won. With inde- tion. Packed with Bible referon the privileges of some other power. 'l'hus the only possibility pendence guaranteed by its own abil- of affecting change was by de- ity to protect itself by force, it has ences, discussion of casest and nuncIatIOn of a past agreement helpful directions in this work, and military accion. The history accepted existing peaceful instrumen- it is not dry rea din g, but breathes the holy passion of the of the Ottoman Empire is thus talities for the settlement of sub- sidiary questions. . . . It is interest- ing' that Turkey has been one of the one of continuous "illegality" leaders in accepting the instrumentali- Lord Himself, and communi- ties (of the League) and of the spirit and war. The main method used of that part of Article 19 of the Cov- cates the passion to readers who to break up the Ottoman Em- enant regarding the reconsideration already have a clear faith, and pire, was to fan the flames of a willing heart. Its chapters of treaties, the extension of which is national aspirations in the mi- prerequisite to the avoidance of war tell of "A Concern for Souls," and the development of pe,aceful innority races, encouraging revolt, ternational change. "The Fitness of the Worker," assisting by loaning arms or "The Place of Prayer," "Oppor- forces and making timely in- This book, though brief, omits tunity and Approach," and how vasions from outside, application no important material. It is to deal with various classes. The of diplomatic pressure to assure very skimpy on economic factors author's aim is to give in small recognition of new independent producing change; but is a compass the best instruction groups-till portion by portion political study, well documented, possible out of his own experi- the periphery of Empire (Egypt interesti.ngly written, and adds ence and that of other soul-win- in 1806; Greece by 1829-30; a valuable contributinn to the ners the world over. We agree Roumania in 1856; Cypres and literature seeking ways of peace- with the Foreword, by William Tunisia in 1877, etc.) had been ful change – the author's selec- P. Nicholson, that there never broken off, so that by 1914 only tion of the Ottoman Empire is was a time when such a book central A nat 0 I i a, Iraq and excellent and his treatment is was more needed than today, Arabia remained to the parent careful, just and timely. It is a because many believers have State. These were generously sad "case record" of nineteenth never won anyone to Christ, and disposed of in war promises. century imperialism, with hope are missing the heavenly joy of The Arabs were encouraged to for a better way, in which Tur- it and the reward. It would be revolt, and while France and key leads. EDWIN M. WRIGHT. well for the churches if thou- Great Britain retained important The New Walk. By Captain Reginald sands would read a book like Wallis. 78 pp. 40 cents. Amerportions for themselves, the re- ican Bible Conference Assn. Phil- this and have their heart enmainder was promised to Greece adelphia, Pa. 1937. flamed with a new desire and and Italy as the price of entry purpose really to do the will of on the Allied side. There was Like its predecessors – The Jesus Christ. FRANK LUKENS. but one miscalculation-that the New Boy, The New Girl, The "sick man" might revive and New Life, and other small vol- Notes on a Drum. Travel Sketches spoil the sale. This miracle took umes in the helpful series of in Guatemala. By Joseph H. Jackplace and under Kemal Ataturk, books by the well-known British son. Illus. 8vo. 276 pp. $3.00. the corpse jumped off the oper- evangelist-this is characterized The Macmillan Co. New York. ating table and drove out the dis- by clarity of presentation and 1937. secting doctors. an abundant use of Scripture texts. It is more than just a As the subtitle informs us, Nationalism, the disease which treatise, sprinkled with Bible these notes are not "from a references. There are helpful drum" but travel sketches writhad caused the amputation of illustrations, which add to the ten largely on a Guatemala Turkey's provinces, became the usable quality of the book. It drumhead used for a table. Mr. elixir which revivified her body should do much to clarify the re- Edwards is the author of "The in 1919 and produced her regen- sponsibility and privileges of Mexican Interlude" and is cheereration. The rebirth was more effective testimony for recent ful, chatty and an observing than political or military. It converts, as well as for more traveler. was social as well, reaching into mature believers who have not the religion, economy and life of fully realized the practical im- Guatemala is an interesting every Turk. There is a fine con- plications of the Christian faith. country, the most important of clusion: (page 260) the five Central American re- F. E. G. publics. The people and govern- Within fifteen years, it (Turkey) ment show all the characteristics has cut itself off from its past in al- The Divine Art of Soul-Winning. of Latin Americans; mixed with most every conceivable manner. . . . By J. O. Sanders. 96 pp. Is. Indians, temperamental, excit- Interestingly enough, he seems to have Pickering and Inglis, Glasgow. able, ambitious for independundergone a spiritual revivication 1937. ence and right to rule, but lackwhich is responsible for his physical ing in many elements that make recuperation. This new combination The author is superintendent for stable and wise government. of a vital spirit in a smaller, it is true, but much more homogeneous and ro- bust body has been able to throw off of the New Zealand Bible Train- Mr. and Mrs. Jackson went as the restraints of centuries and for- tourists to see the country and mally enabled Turkey to enter as an ing Institute and editor of The the people, apparently without equal into the family of nations…. Reaper. This is an inspiring

any prejudices and with only a his tragic death for its publica- befallen any other of the group purpose to tell what they saw. tion. Intimate personal ac- on the University campus, but The author tells of the climate, there can be no doubt that C. T. the picturesque scenery, the life quaintance with "Jack" Williams Wang was right in his letters of the people – high and low, gave Mr. Wheeler both a sympa- and his inscribed memorial, in rich and poor, Spanish, ladino declaring that "it was the demise and Indians, urban and rural. thetic understanding of his per- of the beloved vice-president The reports of life in Guatemala sonality and devotion and also which shocked the Chinese au- City, Chichicastenango, Quezal- access to correspondence which thorities into purging the coun- tenango and other cities and vividly reveals the man, his try of the Red Terror and effect- towns give a few graphic ing the union of the distracted glimpses but are very incom- times, his labors and his impress provinces of China." His death plete. There are notes on his- upon the new generation in "revealed the guilt of sin and the tory and architecture, markets beauty of love," and this biog- and slums, parks and flowers, China. raphy should bring to all readers volcanoes and lakes, politics and both these lessons and also the officials, hotels and tourists, Ro- John E. Williams, of sturdy infinite value, for time and eter- man Cat hoI i c priests and Welsh parentage, was born at nity, of every strong life devoted churches, festivals, customs and Coshocton, Ohio, June 11, 18'H. to making Christ known to a costumes, Indian idols and Cath- great race like the Chinese. olic images, superstition and Six years' labor with his father tradition; but there is nothing in the coal mines delayed his C. H. FENN. about the important evangelical schooling, but he took the course Christian work with its schools, at Marietta College and was The Man Who Moved Multitudes. churches and hospitals – all of By R. D. Johnston. 12mo. 138 pp. which are worth noting. The graduated from Auburn Theo- Ish. Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. only references to Protestant logical Seminary in 1899. With 1937. work are unfavorable gossip. With all it is a readable, though his bride he landed in China on This brief biography of the very scrappy, travel book. the eve of "Boxer Year," and late D. L. Moody is scarcely more was assigned to Nanking. He than a sketch, with tributes to Miracles in a Doctor's Life. By the man from some prominent Walter Lewis Wilson. 121 pp. acquired much of his fluency in people. It is very sympathetic Paper, 20 cents. Bible Institute Chinese by constant mingling with the evangelist's spirit and Colportage Assn. Chicago. 1935. with the people. Charge of a purpose and is interesting to those who are not already fa- Here is a spiritual tonic for small boys' school impressed him miliar with the facts. On ac- any Christian doctor. Many count of its brevity there is work conscientiously and effec- with the call for union of such practically nothing in this rec- tively but they view their work schools, and from this grew the ord except about Mr. Moody''! as though the body were of chief evangelistic work. There is importance and as if man were Union University, of which he practically nothing about his only a higher order of animal. was for twenty years the strenu- home and family, the schools he Dr. Wilson looks upon man as ously promoting vice-president. founded, his work in the army an immortal soul with a body- In 1906-07, eight months were and Y. M. C. A. or the great both of which need to be kept Northfield Conferences. There strong and healthy, but the spir- spent with the many Chinese is no literary merit to the story ituallife being of supreme value. students in Tokyo, and there be- and it is exceedingly "spotty." He tells many soul-stirring ex- gan a strong friendship with One mistake is in saying that periences in dealing with souls Mr. Moody married the "daugh- and bodies and shows the joy C. T. Wang, a leader in the Rev- ter" of Fleming H. Revell. She and gratitude that follows when olution of 1911-12. Half of his was his sister. There are also a patient finds new life in Christ, remaining years, to his death in one or two mistakes in the spell- even if the body must return to 1927, were spent in securing ing of proper names. Neverthe- the earth from which it came. less, young people will find it Read the book and send it to your personal interest and financial easy and stimulating reading. doctor friends. support in America for the Uni- versity. N~w Books John E. Williams of Nanking. By W. Reginald Wheeler. Fleming H. From the beginning he was Accidents Will Happen. W. M. Revell Co. 222 pp. $2.00. 1937. Pearce. Is. 3d. Pickering & Inglis. an ardent advocate of an in- Glasgow. Though "better late than creasing measure of Chinese re- never," it is a pity that this me- sponsibility and authority in the The Approaching Advent of Christ. morial of a strong and success- University. His relations with Alexander Reese. 328 pp. $2.40. ful China missionary had to Marshall, M'organ & Scott. London. . await the tenth anniversary of Chinese teachers and students showed no sense of racial or cul- Congo-Past and Present. Alfred R. tural superiority, but always the Stonelake. 202 pp. 3s. 6d. World heartiest cooperative fellowship. He accepted China's problems as his own and declared his convic- tion that Christianity may yet "find a fuller and better expres- sion in the Chinese Church than it has found in any other land." The Anti-Christian Movement of 1922-25 and the anti-foreign agi- tation of 1924-27 did not shake his optimism. His death at the hands of an ignorant Red soldier, on March 24, 1927, might have

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LIFE OF GEORGE BOWEN, OF

By ROBERT E. SPEER This is the biography of a very remarkable Christian missionary to India and for twenty years the influential and able editor of the Bombay Guardian. Dr. J. Sumner Stone called him, "The Wh'ite Yogi."

When George Bowen died in 1888 there was call for a worthy biography but its preparation was delayed. Later all the biographical material-including his diaries, letters, reminiscences, and the books and pamphlets of which he was author-was turned over to Dr. Speer. This material has now been put into shape for publication and the result is a frank and stimulating picture of the man,-his experiences, unique character, forceful views and methods of work. Here is a life story that is of absorbing interest and . will richly reward the thoughtful reader. The book will be ready early in February.

CONTENTS I. Family of George Bowen. XI. A Decisive Year, 1849. II. Boyhood and Youth. From 18;0 to 1855. III. Three Years Abroad. xu. Ten Years of Independent Work. IV. Life in New York, 1840-1844. The Bombay Guardian. V. Illumination of a Hopeless Love. XIII. Relations with the American Board. VI. Conversion to Christianity. XIV. Association with the Methodist Church. VII. At Union Theological Seminary. Bowen as a Writer. VIII. His Missionary Appointment. XV. Correspondence with Henry W. Rankin. IX. The Voyage to India, 1847. XVI. Closing Testimony. X. Beginning Missionary Work. XVII. XVIII. XIX.

This latest work by Dr. Speer may be ordered at $2.50 per copy from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY 186 Fifth Avenue, New York 11f1! MISSIONARY ~RID This illustrated evangelical missionary monthly will keep readers in touch with the need of men for Christ and His Gospel and relates graphically the story of the progress of missionary work in all lands.

. $2.50 a year; 25 cents a copy Among the coming articles are the following: How CAN WE IMPROVE MISSIONARY ADMINISTRATION? . . . . . . . . . . . . William Paton THE OUTLOOK FOR CHRISTIANITY TO-DAY …………………… Julius Richter ENCOURAGEMENTS IN THE EVANGELIZATION OF MOSLEMS ……… " .George Swan How MAKE EFFECTIVE MISSIONARY ApPEALS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cleland B. McAfee Is THE DAY OF PIONEERING OVER? . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kenneth G. Grubb SHOULD THE MISSIONS WITHDRAW FROM INSTITUTIONS? …….. , .G. Baez Camargo TRANSFORMATIONS IN WEST AFRICA ………………………. G. C. Beanland THE DYNAMIC OF PHILIPPINE PROGRESS ……………….. Enrique C. Sobrepena THE YOUNGER CH~CHES AND THE MISSIONARY ……………. J. Lovell Murray TWO NEW TWELVE-MONTH SUBSCRIPTIONS WILL BE SENT FOR $4.00 .. _———————————————– MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.

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The Missionary Review of the World — January 1936

1936

Ethiopia as a Mission Field Stuart Bergsma Foreign Missions with a Forward Look Robert E. Speer America through a Missionary's Eyes Mrs. E. Stanley Jones Frank C. Laubach Building a Missionary–Minded Church Enos J. Windsor Results of the Gospel in Latin America George A. Miller Social and Religious Problems in Chile Pedro Zottele The Pageant of the Philippines Charles R. Hamilton 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember Obituary Notes ical Arts and later president of

Massachusetts State College and the January 6-12 – Universal Wee k of Dr. Lewella Miner, for nearly fifty Michigan State College, died at his Prayer. years a missionary teacher in China, home in Amherst, Mass., on November died in Tsinan, Shantung Province, on 25th. He was born in Lapeer, Mich- January 8-10-Foreign Missions Con- December 3d. Miss Miner went out igan, 67 years ago, and for the last ference. Asbury Park, N. J. to China in 1887 as a missionary of ten years has been the councilor on the American Board. She taught first rural work for the International Mis- January 12-17-Home Missions Coun- at Tungchow and later founded the sionary Council. In this connection cil and Council of Women for Home first college for women in China, the he has studied rural life in many Missions Annual Meetings. Wash- Women's College of Peiping, in 1905. parts of the world and has rendered ington, D. C., Headquarters Cal- Until recently she was Dean of Wom- an invaluable service to rural missions vary Baptist Church, 8th and H en and Professor of Religious Educa- in India, China, The Philippines, and Streets, N. W. The program is tion in Shantung Christian University. planned around the theme, "The She went through the Boxer Rebellion other lands. Rural Church Today and Tomor- and wrote a book entitled, "China's row." Book of Martyrs"; also "Two Heroes *** of Cathay." She was a member of January 15-17-National Conference the National Christian Council of Dr. Robert W. Hockman, mission- on the Rural Church. Washington, China and of the Council on Religious ary of the United Presbyterian Mis- D. C. Education. Dr. Miner was born in Oberlin, Ohio, was graduated from sion, located in Ethiopia as a medical January 21-24 – Cause and Cure of Oberlin College and received the de- missionary in charge of the American War Conference. Washington, D. C. gree of Doctor of Literature from that institution in 1914. Red Cross unit, was killed on Decem- February 2-The Moody Bible Insti- ber 13th while examining an unex- tute Jubilee and centenary of the *** birth of D. L. Moody. This day ploded Italian bomb. Dr. Hockman will launch the Founder's Week Dr. Kenyon L. Butterfield, formerly was born in China twenty-eight years Conference. A folder on "Moody president of the Rhode Island State ago, where his father and mother were Day" may be had by writing to A. College of Agriculture and Mechan- missionaries. Dr. William H. Hock- F. Gaylord, 153 Institute Place, man, the father, is now a member of Chicago, Ill. the faculty of the Moody Bible Insti- tute, Chicago. Mrs. Robert Hockman and their infant daughter were in (Continued on 3d cover.) THE WEEK OF PRAYER The Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America and the World's Evangelical Alliance of Great Britain again call Christians all over the world to observe the week of January 6th to 12th as a special Week of Prayer for an increase of personal spiritual life and service, for improvement in the home, the Church, the nation and the world. The Federal Council of Churches has sent out the Call which includes the following: First Day-For Ourselves. For courage; for a clean heart; for freedom in the Lord; Scripture, Romans 12.

Second Day-For Our Homes. For husband and wife; for children and youth. Scripture, Ephesians 6: 1-20.

Third Day-For Our Churches. For obedience to the mind of Christ; for grace to open wide the doors of the church; for daring to use all our resources. Scripture, Matthew 16: 13- 20 and 1 Cor. 3: 1-9.

Fourth Day-For the World Mission of Christianity. For courage to accept the task; for those on church boards; for nationals overseas; for the Federal Council of Churches; for men, women and children on the mission field. Scripture, selected verses.

Fifth Day-For Our Own Nation. For healing of our present distress; for the unemployed; for humility as a people; for industrial peace; that our nation may put her trust in God. Scripture, Psalm 33.

Sixth Day-For Every People. For recognition of our common sins; for sympathy with the infirmities of others; for statesmen; for grace to live together as brothers. Scripture, Acts 2: 1-21.

Seventh Day-For Light on the Way Ahead. For release from all bondage of body, mind and spirit; for order out of confusion; for eyes that see and ears that hear; for thanksgiving for sure Words already given; for grace to live well; for guidance. Scripture, John 1: 1-18 and John 8: 12-20.

The complete ordetof services include the daily calls to prayer, hymns, Scripture sentences, special prayers, litany and topics for addresses.* "I know the thoughts that I think toward you," saith the Lord; "thoughts of peace and not of evil. . . . Then shall ye call on me and ye shall go and pray unto me, and I will hearken unto you. And ye shall seek me and find me when ye search for me with all your heart. (Jeremiah 29: 11-13.) • These programs may be secured from the Federal Council of Churches, 105 East 22d Street, New York, at 3 cents a copy or $1.50 a hundred.

MISSIONARY Missionary Medical College for

REVIEW OF THE WORLD VELLORE, INDIA DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor LET YOUR TAX EXEMPTION HELP TO GIVE MEDICAL VOL. LIX JAN., 1936 No.1 AID TO MILLIONS OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN PuTbhliicrdatiaonnd aRnedilyBuSstsin.,eHssarOrifsfbicuer-g-, Pa. This Medical College trains Christian women doctors, nurses and Editorial and Executive Office– welfare workers for those without medical aid or comfort in Christ.

156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. When you make out your income tax, include in your exemption a Entered as second-class matter at gift to this great work under Dr. Ida Scudder's leadership. One Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. hundred million helpless women burden her heart. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. $25,000 will endow a Chair, $10,000 a ward in the Children's Hos- Published monthly, except August. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. pital. $1,000 will endow a bed~ Givers maY,t'ilme these. British agents – Marshall, Morgan Send for ill~trated, free booklet to Mrs. Hl!nty W. Peabody, care and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, of Miss Hilda L. Olson, Marmion Way.,Roc~port, Massachusetts. London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, 10 shillings a year. Send us addresses of people who still .h:av~: irlcomes, or see them MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- personally for this cause. i· LISHING CO., INC. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Personal Items Society" sailed last fall to attend the centefiariesin Assam, Bengal-Orissa ROBERT E. SPEER, President Arthur E. Slater, Presbyterian mis- and South~India. WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President sionary at Etah, India, has been WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer honored a second time within a year. *** DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary In January, he received the Kaiser-i- hind Silver Medal; in August, the Dr. William R. Galbreath has re- SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Silver Jubilee King's Medal. The signed ,'a;g"Medical Director of the MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD latter is especially appropriate, since Presbyterian Hospital in San Juan, Mr. Slater is celebrating his own silver Puerto Rico, because of ill health. WM. B. LIPPHARD jubilee, having been a missionary in Dr. F. Glenn Irwin has been ap- India for twenty-five years. He is en- pointed to succeed him. ERIC M. NORTH gaged in industrial work and has de- JESSE R. WILSON veloped a large and widely known *** poultry farm. Raising chickens and A. L. W ARNSHUIS milk goats offers an unusual oppor- Mr.,David Glass, son of F. C. Glass, tunity to reach the people of rural has been' appointed a missionary in SAMUEL M. ZWEMER India. Brazil, a field in which he has already served. He has recently been study- Editorial Chat *** ing at the 'Missionary Training Colony and at Livingstone College, London. A Happy New Year is our wish for Dr. James R. Joy, dean of Methevery reader and for the world that odist editors, having reached the age *** of 72, plans to retire from the editor- "God so loved" and that "Christ came ship of the Christian Advocate of New Mrs. Vivian Bose, of Nagpur, Into save." York at the coming general confer- dia, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. John R. ence. Dr. Joy came in 1904 to the Mott, en route to America with her *** assistant editQrship of the Advocate two-year-old son, traveled most of the under Dr. James M. Buckley. Since three months' journey across Asia and The year can be made happy by 1915 he has served as editor of the Europe in an open touring car. In spreading the Gospel and by living publication. Persia they traveled days on end withand serving in the Spirit of Christ. out seeing anyone and for a week *** could find no tree to shade them. *** Their car broke an axle in a lonely Rev. William Hallock Johnson, spot, but within five minutes a truck This is the great aim of the REVIEW D.D., President of Lincoln University came along with a driver who spoke -to reveal the world-wide need for near Philadelphia, has resigned be- English, and gave them a tow. cause of his reaching the age of re.- Christ and to tell the Good News of tirement. He was immediately elected Planned along ad· what He had done for mankind and President-Emeritus. He is the author vanced peda;,ogical lines what He is doing in the world today. of several books on religious and to provide both Home and Class philosQphical subjects. lor the pupil. Varied *** such as Quizzes. Reading Tests, True Dr. Walter Livingstone Wright, False Tests. and Completion Tests. How far is the REVIEW successful? vice-president of the University since the pupil to work out each lesson from 1926, has been elected to succeed Dr. Bible lor himself. Here are some comments of our Johnson. readers: Samples 01 our Sunday School pubhcatlOns and *** Bible Courses tor '{ oung P"ople"s SOClehes "The Latin America number is, I sent hee On request sincerely believe, alone worth a year's Rev. Albion Ross, rector of the subscription." G. W. SPURLOCK. Episcopal Church in Hollidaysburg, CHRISTIANEpm~LI(tTIONS.IN<: Pa., has been appointed pastor of the Bonnie, Ill. American Church in Berlin. Phillips 1502 N. Third St., Harrisburg, Pa. Brooks was once minister of this *** church, which is undenominational, and serves the American colony in the "I have been highly impressed with German capital. the high calibre of the issues which I have read." REV. EDWARD H. JONES. *** The Presbyterian Church, Mrs. Howard Wayne Smith, Presi- dent of the Woman's Baptist Foreign State College, Pa. [ 1] *** "I think the Methods are very valuable. I have kept the back numbers for years and find many suggestions I can adopt successfully in my work."

MISS SHIRLEY V. SCOTT, W. M. S. Community Worker, Presbyte- rian Church, New Westmin- ster' B. C.

*** "I was very much interested in the articles contained in the July issue of THE REVIEW and read them with profit." REV. GEO. A. BROWN.

Elyria., Ohio.

"TThhe Rainbow Emppire," by DDrr.. Stuarrt Ber.qQssmma, Wm. B. Eerdmans Puubblliisshing

Gr(aUnuai' Ramd8, Michigan. MISSIONARIES ON TREK IN ETHIOPIA Native carriers will carry loads of fifty pounds over single path tracks, over mountains and through rivers. There are practically no roads in Ethiopia,, eithheerr for autos or wagons–,except in the Capital City and a few miles In the vicinity. There iIs only one short railroad.. Fallen 1lo01lt:8s often furnish the only bridges. Mules must ford the streams.

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LIX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 1 JANUARY, 1936 Topics of the Times GOOD CHEER FOR THE NEW YEAR bers and influence; it is organized for service A New Year always has many possibilities for and has able leaders and immense financial regood and evil. On the one hand politicians in power are vying with each other in predicting sources. Yet not such were the reasons Christ reasons for optimism, while their opponents paint dark pictures of what the future holds if there is gave for courage then and they are not the true not a change in governmental policies. Economic and moral leaders point out the social evils that reasons for good cheer today. weaken society and religious teachers deprecate the departure of young and old from the Way The one reason given by the Son of God before of God that leads to peace and prosperity. He went to His death on the Cross was: "I have It is easy to enumerate reasons for disappointment and discouragement and yet we search the overcome the world." Whatever may be the seemhorizon for some "cloud the size of a man's hand," for some basis for good cheer for ourselves and ing evidences of defeat for His Church today, the our neighbors. Is there any such basis that will not disappear as a mist, that does not rest on the victory is assured. Christ declares that even the quicksands of human instability? devil and all his hosts cannot overcome those who In what seemed to be the darkest hour of the world's history, Jesus Christ told His disciples to have faith to follow their divine Leader. There "Be of good cheer" and gave them the reason (John 16: 33) . Those to whom He spoke were a may be trials, persecution, suffering and physical small band of weak and unlettered peasants, without political influence or financial resources. They death ahead today as there has been all through belonged to a subject nation, they were following a leader who was soon to be condemned to an the years past. But Christ _as overcome the ignominous death and they themselves were told that they must look forward to tribulation, perse- world by His victory over temptation, by rising cution and death at the hands of their acknowledged religious and political leaders. superior to worldly conditions, by overcoming evil It was in the midst of this discouraging situa- with good. And His followers can enter into His tion that their Master told His disciples to "be of good cheer." It was not an exhortation to shallow victory and partake of His cheer. Is there any optimism, but to courage. The message is also for today. Conditions are bad enough but how reason why Christians also cannot overcome the much brighter than in the days just preceding the world as martyrs and saints and servants of Christ have overcome in the past – by faith, by loyalty, by fighting the good fight of fai~h; by cooperation with Him in carrying out HIS pro- gram rather than adopt the program of worldly leaders. Christ's program includes full personal surrender, following the guidance of the Spirit of CGohdri,stwiaintnsemssainyg"btoe Christ actheheorm," enoant 1 dmearberoyaId.I.I of good spite of the dark outlook due to evil forces at work in the world, but because of the all-powerful wise and loving Eternal Spirit with which followers of Christ are allied. He is already victor.

"LIFE CHANGERS" AROUND THE WORLD Multitudes in all lands are looking for the pan- Crucifixion? Not only have science and learning acea for human weakness and the cure for all evil.

made wonderful progress but the forces contend- At many and divers times and in divers places ing for righteous have greatly increased in num- men and women have claimed to have found the ber and power. The Church has grown in num- remedy. Each of the great ethnic religions be- [3]

gan as a reformation and produced corrective have a faculty for bringing the challenge and the philosophies and better rules of conduct. They transforming power of Christ into the lives of accomplished something and leaders have come worldly leaders in society, professors and stuforward-like Zoroaster, Confucius, Buddha, Mo- dents, stockbrokers and statesmen. They occahammed and Gandhi -leaders with many noble sionally reach also the depressed and degraded. characteristics, but they and their religions have They have changed the order of "to the poor the failed to transform men and women into Godlike Gospel is preached." Word has come from many characters. A "new bir,th" is required for such a missionaries testifying to the new spiritual life, transformation, the impartation of a new life by new earnestness in evangelism and new power the Spirit of God if men are to become children that has come to missionaries and national Chrisof God. Such transformations have been going tians as a result of contact with Christ through on for nearly two thousand years, from the days the Oxford Groups. These testimonies come, not of Paul to the present, in every land and among from active leaders in the movement, but from all races. The secret of such transformations is fellow Christians who note and rejoice in the living contact with Christ. changes wrought. The Burma Gospel Team fur- nishes one example. Missionaries of the Evangel of Christ are the greatest "life changers" of history-witness Sam- In some of the countries of Europe the beneficial uel Crowther, the slave boy who became a bishop; effect has been felt in Church and State, in labor Africaner the Hottentot Terror, who became a and capital. While the movement begins with Christian chief; Narayan Sheshadri, the Brahman changing lives of individuals it is now attempting who became a Christian preacher; Pastor Hsi, to change society, business, governments, the the Chinese opium smoker who became an evan- world. A headquarters has recently been estabgelist; J. H. Neesima, the Japanese Shinto wor- lished at Geneva, the court of the League of shiper who founded the Doshisha Christian Uni- Nations. Christians believe that the only hope of versity, and Dr. Sa'eed Khan, the Kurdish Moslem success, individually or collectively, is in wholewho became an honored Christian physician and hearted acceptance of Christ, the giver of new evangelist. The list might be increased by hun- life through His death on the Cross, and in dedreds of thousands, known and unknown disciples. pendence on God for guidance and power to do His will. Today the "Oxford Groups," so-called from tlleir activities in Oxford, England, have taken SAVING THE WOMEN OF INDIA th~ name of "Life Changers," and have extended their activities not only in the United States and The new constitution for India brings new re- Canada but in the British Isles and on the con- sponsibilities to the men and women of that great tiw~mt of Europe, in Egypt and South Africa, in land. There are many evils to be corrected, as all India, China, Japan and other mission fields. They know who have read "Mother India" or have seen emphasize the need of everyone for full surrender the sickness, the poverty and ignorance, the superto _Christ and for the guidance of the Holy Spirit. stition and sin that hamper progress. In the past They call for "absolute purity" of life and thought; India's destiny was controlled first by the war- "absolute honesty" in dealing with God and self riors, then by religious leaders, and later by and _other men; "absolute and unselfish love" as financiers and politicians. Women have taken althe ruling principle of life. The characteristics most no part publicly in education, business afof mflmbers of the Oxford Groups are almost as fairs, religious rites or government. Hinduism varied as those found in members of Evangelical declares that women have no souls. Their place churches. There are among them the well-in- has been in the home and any power they have formed and the ignorant, the wise and unwise, exerted has been behind the purdah walls. They the weak and the strong. But the leaders testify have suffered and died that the men might live. to their faith in Christ as the Son of God and Saviour from sin; they urge the study of the Today great changes have taken place through Bible -as the Word of God to lighten our path; the reforms instituted by the British Government they believe in prayer-in the "Morning Watch" and through the light brought by messengers of -and in seeking and following the guidance of the Christ. Under the Gospel, with its new hope and Holy Spirit. Some leaders may not sufficiently life, women have been educated; many have -disemphasize the atonement of Christ for sin, and carded the veil that has shut them in-mind, body other Bible teachings, but none of them have been and soul. They are more and more-like Pandita charged with denying these Christian truths. Ramabai, Lilivati Singh, Dr. Cornelia Sorabji and others-taking active public part in education, in One of the chief peculiarities of the Oxford reforms, in medical ministry, in law and in poli- Groups is their ability to reach the "up and outs," tics. How important it is that in the new India more than the "down and outs." They seem to

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

they be godly women "thoroughly furnished unto expected adequately to support this work without every good work." help from more favored Amercia. It is one thing to establish a work and another thing to maintain One of the great Christian enterprises for In- it so as to make it effective. Dr. Scudder says dia's women is the work started thirty-five years that the present needs are for endowment for ago by Dr. Ida Scudder to minister to their phys- ten "chairs" for teachers of Bible, medicine, surical, mental and spiritual needs and to train gery and other branches; for radium and x-ray Christian women physicians and nurses to serve equipment; for endowed beds in children's, matheir suffering and neglected sisters. "Today," ternity and surgical wards; for nursing and pharsays Dr. Scudder, "in South India we face the macy departments; for leper work, and for amproblem of one hundred million women without bulances and roadside clinics. It is a large order any medical aid. Caste and religious customs of but small in comparison with the amount spent that ancient civilization have kept women in the in American hospital centers to meet one tenth background. They were forbidden to have a med- the need. Indians should themselves bear a large ical man treat them and were left to the mercy of part of the load but wealthy Indians will not mainignorant, untrained, superstitious older women, tain a definitely Christian hospital. utterly unfit to meet the terrible need of motherhood and childhood." This is the only Medical College for women in South India as that at Ludhianna is the only sim- To help meet this need the Veilore (South In- ilar Christian Medical College in North India. dia) hospital was established as the result of Already the college has sent out 146 graduates and much prayer, hard work and sacrifice, with a dis- has now 105 students; more would come if there pensary, a maternity building, a children's. hos~ were room. This college should cover South India pital, operating room and surgical block, nurses with medical and welfare service carried on by hostel and the chapel. In 1918 the Medical Col- Indian women physicians and nurses – all thorlege for Women was opened to train doctors and nurses. While the hospital was started under the oughly Christian.t Arcot Mission of the Reformed Church in America, the Medical College is interdenominational CRITICISMS AND CONFIDENCE and international but wholly Christian and Evangelical. The American section of the Governing Every phase of life and every enterprise has its Board includes representatives of the Baptist, critics-science, art, politics, war, education, reli- Congregational, Lutheran, Methodist, Reformed gion. Some critics are captious and prejudiced, more interested in finding faults than.in pointing and Presbyterian Churches.* The British socie- out remedies. Others are intelligent and construc- tive and are true friends of progress. They seek ties cooperating are the· Church Missionary So- not to hinder but to help; they do not discredit ciety, the Zenana Mission, the Church of Scotland work and workers but awaken a desire for imand English Methodists. provement; they do not exalt their own authority, infallibility and programs at the expense of other Some years ago, as a result of a financial cam- workers and plans, but endeavor to strengthen paign, money was obtained to furnish the neces- weak places and remove hindrances to the attainsary buildings and equipment. They are beau- ment of ideals. tiful, enduring and practical and are being used night and day to bring physical health and spir- Critics are and should be a help to the Church itual life to women and children and to train them of Christ and to the missionary cause. The hufor Christian service. Dr. Scudder and her help- man element is always faulty andthe faults should ers also go out each week into the villages to treat be recognized and corrected-but it is a mistake lepers and other sick and suffering folk. The use to weaken confidence in the enterprise or in earof this equipment has already more than justified nest and honored leaders. Even the best and most the money expended. intelligent workers are not infallible and critics sometimes do great harm to worthy causes and The women of India must be prepared for the great injustice to faithful servants of Christ. great task and new opportunities before them. They must be rescued from physical neglect; they In our December issue we printed extracts from must be released from ignorance and supersti- the "Report of a Friendly Critic" of the foreign tion; they must be brought into vital contact with mission enterprise as it is conducted today.·That Christ to give them purpose and power in service. there are weaknesses and imperfections at home This is what the Vellore Hospital and Medical and abroad no one can question. Times change. College for Women are doing. But the people of New methods must be adopted to meet new condi- India, even with government subsidies, cannot be t Send to Miss Hilda Olson, Treasurer, Rockport, Massachusetts. • The American Governing Board Includes Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Miss Clementlna Butler, Mrs. DeWitt Knox, Mrs. Wm. R. for a copy of the beautifully Illustrated booklet on Vello're Medical Moody, Mrs. Phillip N. Rossman, Mrs. George W. Doane and Mrs. College containing the messages by Dr. Scudder and Mrs. Peabody. Wm. Bancroft HilI.

tions but the aims and ideals of Christian mis- Recent news from Berlin brings disappointment sions, as presented by Christ and His apostles, are to those who hoped for liberty and justice for unchanging. They are rooted in the abiding char- Evangelical Christians who believe that the will acter and will of God, in the unchanging Christ of God and not the will of Hitler should control and the ever-present need of sinning and suffering the Church. A wireless message to The New man. York Times on December 2d, says: Dr. Barnhouse pointed out what he believes to Germany's struggle between the totalitarian State and be some weaknesses in foreign mission work as the Protestant Church took a dramatic turn today when conducted today – especially in the selection of Hanns Kerrl, Minister for Church Affairs, undertook to personnel. The Executive Council of the Presby- paralyze the opposition to his regime. He decreed the supterian Board, to which he presented his report, pression of all groups that attempt to interfere with State received it with expressions of appreciation and, control of the Protestant Church through the new governwhile exception was taken to some statements, ment-appointed church directorates. they promised to look carefully into every case and to take immediate steps to correct anything M'r. KerrI's official explanation says that the decree was found to be out of harmony with the spirit and designed primarily to prevent the exercise of spiritual or teachings of Christ and contrary to the doctrines other authority by the Confessional Synods or other adand polity of the Presbyterian Church. The whole ministrative organs of the Confessional Church, of which Board later took the following action at their first August Marahrens of Hanover, president of the Lutheran meeting (November 18th) after the report was World League, is Presiding Bishop. presented: The Confessional Church was founded over a year ago Resolved, That the Board of Foreign Missions expresses to preserve the independence of Protestantism and to preto Dr. Barnhouse its appreciation of his efforts and con- vent the introduction of Nazi doctrines into its teaching. sideration; and that the Board of Foreign Missions again The Confessional Synod pastors throughout Prussia accuse assures the Church which it represents, that it is, and ever the Government of placing "under State protection the has been, the constant aim of the Board of Foreign Mis- propagation of heresy" in the church. sions to prosecute its work in fidelity and loyalty to the purpose of missionary endeavor as set forth in the Word The new decree of the State prohibits "the exerof God and the Standards of the Presbyterian Church, cise of spiritual and material administrative func- U. S. A.; and further, that we assure the Church that the tions by any organization or group within the special cases cited in the report of Dr. Barnhouse which church." seemed to him to be at variance with the Word of God and our Standards, are receiving and will receive our im- It prohibits the nomination ~f pastors and pastoral asmediate and serious attention with the view of either sistants, examination and ordination of candidates for the justifying or rectifying the conditions cited; and that the ministry, regular visits to parishes, issuance of declararesults obtained from the inquiry will be reported to the tions to be read from the pulpit, collection and adminis- Church. tration of church taxes, collection of funds in connection with services, and parish assemblies of any sort and the This prompt action on the part of the Board summoning of synods. should, we believe, strengthen our confidence in their loyalty to Christ, as well as in their integrity This seems to mean that the administration and and ability in administering the wO'rk committed financial affairs of the churches are to be under to their care. The officers of the Board should be State control. The Government, not content with given enough time to check up on facts by cor- drastic moves to "purify" the Reich by eliminating respondence with the fields. citizens with even a fraction of Semitic blood, now seeks to strengthen the State by insisting on The position of judge is a delicate one and re- church union under State control, even at the cost quires the wisdom, the patience and the Spirit of of Christian character and religious liberty. Evan- Christ. It is comforting to know that "all stand gelical church leaders refuse to capitUlate. They before the judgment seat of Christ" and to Him do not recognize human dictators, in the Church each one is to give account of his stewardship. or out of it, and the synods insist on preserving Mission Board executives have a difficult task and their independence and refuse to compromise do not take their responsibilities lightly. They with Nordic paganism or with any German covet our prayers more than our praise, but merit churches that bear the name Christian but lack our cooperation more than our criticism. the power and spirit of Christ. Christians in Ger- many, as well as Jews, are having difficult times, GERMAN EVANGELICALS STAND FIRM not only in preserving their true Christian char- acter but in functioning as Christians to extend The true followers of Christ, the Son of God, the Good News, and to reveal the life of Christ at always suffer at the hands of earthly potentates home and in their foreign mission fields. . Conwho do not know and follow Him. We see this fessional pastors and other Evangelical leaders illustrated not only in still pagan and Moslem declare that they "must obey God rather than lands today but in Russia, Italy and Germany. men." They may suffer but they will not sur- render and are convinced that even the "Gates of Hell" shall not prevail against the Church Qf Christ.

Missions With a Forward Look *

By ROBERT E. SPEER, New York –t!iI Author of "Christian Realities," "Are Foreign Missions Done )g.- For?", "Rethinking Missions Examined," etc., etc.

BUT is there any forward look? Are foreign selves to the view that the foreign missionary missions not done? This question is an- enterprise as we have known it in the past is draw- swered affirmatively and with contentment ing to a close. As a very well known recent book, by those who believe that the central and essential appraising the missionary enterprise, declares: task of Foreign Missions has been accomplished. "There is no ground for a renewed appeal for the The Gospel has been made known in every land support, much less for the enlargement of these and in almost every land the Christian Church has (foreign) missions as a whole in their present been established as a living institution. It is quite form and on their present basis." If the foreign true that there are many people in the world who missionary enterprise is to go on at all, it is de- do not know the Gospel but that is true in Chris- clared, it must be radically reconceived and tian and non-Christian lands alike. The name of whether when so reconceived there will be ade- Jesus has become the most widely known name in quate motive power to sustain it is an undeter- the world. mined question.

There are some who do not accept this cheerful There is, after all, perhaps not so much novelty view as to the completion of the missionary task, in these ideas. They have a familiar sound to who would like to see it go on and who believe that anyone who has known the missionary enterprise the work is still unfinished, who, nevertheless, feel from the beginning. In Carey's day, when that that the enterprise cannot live in the atmosphere tiny handful of Baptist ministers began the mis- and among the conditions of the new day. The sionary undertaking, how much Christianity was old ideals out of which it sprang, and the motives there in the Church at large, and who knew better by which it has been sustained, they regard as the inadequacy of the motives of romance and now obsolete; the desperate need of man for the glamor than these men who conceived that those Gospel is no longer felt. It is not believed any who were going were going down into a pit and longer that people are lost without Christ. The that those who remained must hold the ropes for old romance and glamor of Foreign Missions them? In the Massachusetts legislature, when the have vanished. We no longer attach to man's life charter for the American Board of Commissioners on earth the dramatic and determinative signifi- for Foreign Missions was under consideration, ob- cance that our fathers attached to it. We are no jection was made on the ground that there was longer disturbed by the fact of men living with- not religion enough to meet the needs of America out thought of Jesus Christ, the Saviour. We no and that there could be no justification in export- longer regard the non-Christian religions as either ing what we had. Dr. Ritson of the British and false or inadequate as our fathers did. We think Foreign Bible Society has preserved, in his ac- of them in the most generous way and are sure count of the monthly conferences of Foreign Mis- that God has not left any of His children without sionary Secretaries held in London ever since adequate guidance. Weare not concerned over 1819, an account of the difficulties which the mis- the spiritual destitution of other peoples. sionary societies were meeting in those early Weare taught, further, that Christianity has years a century ago. He writes: ceased to have the divine value which we once at- At this period the whole outlook of missions changed tributed to it. We are in doubt whether there is from enthusiastic expectation of world-wide success to a any absolute religion or whether we have even in humble hope that a few elect might be saved. A good deal of hostile criticism was leveled against the Societies. In Christianity, as we know it ourselves, something 1825 the Association was enquiring, "In what light are we worth carrying to the rest of the world. In a word, to regard the opposition now so generally excited against so we are told, the old ideals and motives are gone the diffusion of divine truth, and in what mode should it and however reluctantly, we must reconcile our- be met?" and then in 1826 they tried to profit from the opposition-"What practical lessons may be learned from • An address dellvered at the Biennial Meeting of the Presbyterian the recent animadversions on benevolent institutions ?" Women's Home and Foreign Missionary Societies at Ashev!l1e, North Again a little later they discussed, "What are the causes Carollna, in June, 1935.

[7]

of that distrust which has been excited respecting the man- ment in his First Epistle to the Corinthians tells agement of religious societies, and what is the best mode them of his plans. "I will tarry at Ephesus until of removing it?" There is a tone of resignation in the Pentecost; for a great door and effectual is opened title of a paper read in l849. "The trials of missions- unto me, and there are many adversaries!' I have the reasons of these afflictive dispensations and the bene- always been glad Paul said "and," not "hut." The ficial results of them." But they were not allowed to work presence of the adversaries constituted, they did in peace, for within three y~ars it was said, "A notion not qualify, the opportunity. It was because of prevails to some extent that the missionary enterprise is them that St. Paul intended to stay. The door a comparative failure. Is there any truth in it, and what that is open to us today is greater and more effec- are the best methods of dealing with it?" The Minutes tual, and there are no greater adversaries. of this ,meeting record the conviction that "missions had been successful beyond expectation, and probably far sur- Present-Day Difficulties passing the hopes of the fathers and founders of them." As we stand today, accordingly, at the end of a The storm broke out again in 1858 after the Indian great history and consider foreign missions with Mutiny-the friends of missions urging a bolder Christian a forward look the first thing that we note is the policy on the Government, and the critics declaring that summons of the difficulties of our task in the new the Mutiny was caused by proselytism. In the same year day. The old difficulties are with us still and there the Secretaries were also driven to examine "Some of the are new difficulties besides these. We will do principal objections made against the management of reli- wisely, as we gird ourselves for the task not done, gious societies such as the cost of deputation work, pub- not to underestimate the difficulties and adver- lications and periodicals, etc." Criticism from without saries as we go forward. I would name a few of , never ceased, but for half a century the Association has these which instead of constituting a barrier to not spent much time in discussing it. Of course it has not advance constitute an unquestionable divine sum- always come from without. There have been critical and mons and appeal. argumen,tative and candid friends in the inner circle. In 1825, Edward Irving's famous L. M. S. sermon declared 1. There is the old difficulty that is called by a that the current methods were all wrong, and a few years different name in each generation-the interpre- after there was a topic of discussion which sounds pecul- tation of life that leaves out the living God. We iarly modern-"What line of conduct should be adopted by call it humanism or naturalism today. I was with Missionary Societies in order to obviate the dangers, which a group of young student leaders recently in which may be apprehended from the agitation among their one of the ablest of the group spoke of the entire friends or agents, of those' controversies which have re- change of attitude that had come to him as a result cently been moved in the Christian Church?" of a recent trip to China. He had been inclined to stress the humanistic conception of Christianity The lllen and women who began the missionary until he had seen on a large scale in China the utter futility of a leadership dominated by a hu- undertaking a century ago faced all the objections manistic philosophy. He said he doubted whether any nation had done any other nation a greater that we are facing now, and others. If such ob- disservice than America had done China in giving jections are fatal to the continuance of the mis- so many of the young men who are now in posi- sionary undertaking, how is it that they were not tions of leadership in China the humanistic or fatal to its origin? naturalistic philosophical view in the American universities where these men had studied. He I have been reading lately some of the accounts had seen the hopelessness of their attempt to guide of these early missionary discussions in the and lift China, with no resources drawn from Diary of the Rev. John C. Rankin, who was one above and without, through a frank recognition of of our early missionaries in India from 1840-1848, man's need of God and of the hopelessness of up- and in the charges that Walter Lowrie and Elisha lifting a nation save by power from outside itself. Swift gave to the very first missionaries of the He saw now more clearly than ever the impotence Presbyterian Church. I have been noting the of a philosophy of man's sufficiency and the indis- arguments that were made at the beginning of the pensable need of New Testament Christianity. work in China as to whether the mission station Weare cQnfronted today with a new interpreta- in Canton should be continued or abandoned. The tion of life that confines man to his own limits. Persia and some of the India Missions have been This disbelief, with the elimination of God from recalling both this year and last the memories of human life, this disbelief in enlisting superhuman their establishment a hundred years ago. Let any- forces in the help of men is a difficulty that is an one go over this material, and the great mass of appeal. which it is representative, and he will see that we are facing no conditions adverse to the contin- 2. We are ~lso confronted with a distorted and uance of the enterprise that were not matched by exaggerated concept of nationalism. There is a equal or greater difficulties at the beginning. We are unworthy children 'of the fathers and mothers who went before us if we falter now on the thresh- old of the future when they refused to falter on the threshold of the past. To them the difficulties and hindrances appeared not as an impediment but asap appeal, just as to St. Paul. His state-

FOREIGN MISSIONS WITH A FORWARD LOOK

true nationalism just as there is a true sense of forms which it takes in the modern world is surely family integrity and pride but the nationalism at enmity both with Christianity and with natu,re, with which we have to deal today is too often both 'and with truth. It proposes communistic 'equality false and fictitious. It is false in that it will even but applies its proposal not to the energy of pro- go to the extent of rewriting national history in duction but to the distribution of what is pro- disregard of truth in order to create a nationalistic duced. It seeks to establish a principle of equality myth. It is false and also fictitious in that its which is irrational and impossible. There never isolation is selfish and misguided. No nation can has been equality either in nature or in man and separate itself from the rest of mankind today, there never can be. There are true Christian prin- and yet repeatedly nations attempt to do so by ciples which alone will provide what Communism admitting so much influence as they think will help is striving after. They are embodied in the for- them, rejecting the rest, by seeking only to get and mula: "From every man according to his ability; not to give, and by folly of choice as to what to to every man according to his need," but a Com- admit and what to exclude. There are organiza- munism that seeks to share that which it has not, tions built on fiction, on the possibility of national according to its ability, shared in producing is self-containment as though the Dead Sea were suicidal. It is this false Communism which across not a sufficient object lesson in nature of any at- the world today supplies a newdifficulty and a new tempt to apply the principle of self-containment appeal. "On every road in China," a recent writer to human life or society. What more direct chal- states, "there are two men today; one of them lenge to the very essence of Christianity could preaching Karl Marx and the other preaching there be than this national advocacy of a principle Jesus Christ." That is an extreme generalization.

of racial selfishness and human disunity! There are roads in China today where only the 3. Weare confronted with a new idea of toler-, man preaching Christ will be met, but alas, there ance that equalizes all religions and gathers them, are other roads where the Marxian has his way.

into a mutual recognition, into an association of We need the man of Christ on every road, in every faiths. But Christianity has never consented and land, in every market place and every shop, in never can consent to any such equalitarianism in every place, high and low.

religion. There is a great deal to be said for John 5. We have the difficulty of schism and division Dewey's view, in his Terry lecture at Yale, that among men just at a time when there is the great- the concept of religion itself is meaningless. His est and most tragic need of unity. We have this contention is that it is too indefinite and incoher- schism and division even in the Christian Church.

ent, that it means nothing by meaning everything. But then, this too, is not new. Our own Board of When you class atheism, deism, polytheism, mono- Foreign Missions originated at the time of the theism, animism and a belief in a personal God all division of our Church in the Old and New under one term it is obvious that the term means Schools. There were parties in the Church of the so much as to mean nothing. Christianity does New Testament itself, and Paul had to meet no not belong to any such common pool. It cannot greater difficulties at Ephesus than he had to deal be classified with what we speak of as "the reli- with in the parties and divisions in the Corinthian gions of the world." They are human phenomena. Church itself. If we cannot hear today the cry They are the attempts on the part of man to an- of the torn body of Christ we must 'be deaf indeed.

swer the great and irrepressible questions of the We face all these difficulties~ old arid new, as we soul: Where did I come from? What am I to do? look abO'ut us and look forward but we find in'them What can I know? Where am I going? At its simply a guarantee of" the future; they are the best they are the efforts of man to find God, but summons of God ·Himself to us to gird ourselves Christianity is nothing of this sort. It is nota for our task. Two generations ago, in the struggle set of questions asked by man. It is a revelation over the Corn Laws, someone said to Cobden that from God. It is not the attempt of man to find a certain action was impossible. Cobden replied, God. It is God's effort to find man. The religions "Is that all? Then it is time we set about it at of the world at their best are the efforts of man to once." And this also was 'the spirit and principle stumble up the altar stairs to God, but Christianity of General Armstrong, the founder of Hampton is God coming down the altar stairs to man. The Institute, and one of the great creative, educa- very intellectual difficulty which the new view pre- tional, Christian personalities of America. His sents is itself a fresh missionary summons to men daughter writes of him, "He was filled through and women who believe in the Christianity of the and through with a deep sense that by hard work New Testament. alone can a'ny of us be saved." "God's hand," he 4. Both at home and abroad today Christianity ,said,once, "points to a steep and craggy height.

meets the theory of Communism whic:!h ca:llsits:elf ,It must, be climbed. I will climb it!" "I feel happy the foe o-f Christianity and which in many of the when all my powers of endurance are taxed."

Once at one of the conferences at Lake Mohonk hold but man is not living in it as one family," or somebody spoke of a proposal as impossible as to say the same thing in other words, "Weare as someone had done in Cobden's time. Armstrong a political fact members of one another, yet we was on his feet at once with the exclamation, act towards one another as strangers, rivals and "What are Christians in the world for but to ac- even enemies." Once again the only solution is complish the impossible by the help of God?" the Christian principle of human brotherhood con- This was St. Paul's religion. "1 can do all things strued in terms of justice and righteousness. Just through Christ who strengthens me." as the Roman Empire was saved for a new lease of life through the unification which Christianity The old day has come to a close and we cannot brought, so today this disordered and divided recall it; but it is not night that is ahead of us; world can be saved by no other unity. it is the dawn of a new day and the difficulties that we confront ought to appeal to youth as strongly In spite of·· revivifying movements here and as the difficulties of their day appealed to those there in the non-Christian religions it cannot be denied that the old faiths are disintegrating. before us. Francis Wei, president of Hua Chung College in Wuchang, China, said a few months ago in an ad- New Opportunities Today dress at Yale: "The three ancient religions, Tao- ism, Buddhism, Confucianism, are losing ground But there are not only difficulties around and in China. One quarter of the human race is at before us-there is the glory of great new oppor- the crossroads wrestling with its destiny. China',; tunities. "Behold, 1 set before Thee an open door most difficult problem is not political or economic. which no man can shut." We look out on this The problem of gravest concern is whether the world of new difficulties but also new and inviting spiritual forces in the country are sufficiently opportunity. strong to direct and mold her political and eco- nomic development during the next thirty years." It is a contracting world that is becoming slowly Hu Shih, the leader of the young intelligentsia of self-conscious of its identical interest in meeting China, declared recently that Taoism and Conits deep ethical needs. It is different from the old fucianism are both dead. William Hung, of Yenchworld sprawled out over noncommunicating me- ing University, advises the missionary agencies ridians. It were well if our nation would remem- no longer to concern themselves with the study of ber this. There are no isolated or remote places the Christian approach to the non-Christian relileft in the world today. The whole of mankind is gions because they are already incapacitated and bound together in the unity of a common life. The have been replaced by different forms of antagoidea that any people can segregate itself from the nism, namely, "scientific agnosticism, materialistic rest of the world is as fictitious as that one mem- determinism, political fascism, and moral iconber of the body can detach itself from the rest of oclasm." Or as Mr. John McMurray, of BaHiol the body. College, said in a paper that was circulated at the International Missionary Conference in Jeru- It is a world that must act together and that yet salem: "These religions are going to be smashed does not have the instrumentalities for united ac- anyhow, perhaps not quickly but surely, and what tion and it is America which has most at stake; is going to do it, indeed is already doing it, is which is bound to suffer most; which has been modern science, modern commerce and modern most unwilling to share in the development of political organizations." Let anyone go through these instrumentalities which the common inter- China today and visit the abandoned Confucian ests of mankind absolutely require. In the last temples and he will realize what a change is comchapter of his recent book, "The Fact of the ing over the non-Christian world. Once again it Christian Church," Dr. Carnegie Simpson points needs to be said that the non-Christian religions out the way in which Christianity from age to age are far from moribund, but not one of them is has come with the only solution that could meet what it was, or can ever be again what it has been. the emergency of the time. When Christianity One can venture to believe that the day is drawentered the Roman world, he says, it found there ing near {)f which Sir Charles Trevelyan wrote patent inequalities running through society. Of years ago: "Many persons mistake the way in these the most conspicuous and the most deep which the conversion of India will be brought rooted was the line of demarcation between the about. I believe it will take place wholesale, just free man and the slave. Christianity did not at as our own ancestors were converted. The counonce end slavery but it introduced the idea which try will have Christian instruction infused into it in the end dissolved it. In the Middle Ages man in every way by direct missionary education, and had to make the transition from the old order to indirectly by books of various sorts, through the a new which was only possible through the contribution of Christianity once again of the principle of liberty. Now we have a new world and a civilization that is afraid of itself. . "It is one house-

FOREIGN MISSIONS WITH A FORWARD LOOK

public papers, through conversations with Euro- lem women from one of the schools in Constanpeans, and in all the conceivable ways in which tinople coming unveiled away from Santa Sofia. knowledge is communicated. Then at last, when A revolution has come fraught with danger but society is completely saturated with Christian fraught with promise if the Christian women of knowledge, and public opinion has taken a decided the West will meet the emerging womanhood from turn that way, they will come over by thousands." the non-Christian world with Christ.

In the third place the comment which I quoted I will mention only one more of the fresh opat the beginning is quite true; that is, that the portunities now-the appeals that come ever more name of Jesus is more widely known throughout clearly and distinctly from our Christian brethren the world today than any other name. A Canadian in the fields where we have been carrying on forfriend who has just come back from a visit to the eign missions work. Weare often told that the Far East, where he has been more than once be- missionary is no longer wanted and that he ought fore, said in my hearing recently that the first not to go where he is not invited. These invitaimpression made upon him on this recent trip was tions that are pouring in today from the authoritathe increased respect and reverence for that Name tive agencies of the National Churches of Asia and which he met everywhere. A Scotch minister Latin America are a conclusive answer. They set wrote recently about being asked to preside over forth in the most urgent way the desire of these a meeting in India addressed by one of India'~ churches for help. The voice of India was uttered nationalists, a Cambridge and Moscow graduate, by the Bishop of Dornakal in the appeal which he who for two hours poured out a passionate denun- sent to the meeting of the British students in ciation of India and Great Britain, of every class, Edinburgh in January, 1933: of every evil, but who closed his address with these words: "I have to thank you all for allowing me We cannot, therefore, at this time restrain ourselves to speak as I have done for two hours abusing all from sending you a call to "come over and help us" with that you hold most dear, but you must have noticed all the earnestness and passion at our command. that there was One whom I did not even criticize, and indeed He is above all my criticism or any 1. There are vast regions in many parts of India and man's – the lovely Lord Christ." There has re- Burma into which the message of God's revelation in cently appeared a book entitled, "India's Response Christ has not yet penetrated. to Christ," published by Mr. P. K. Sen, a Hindu of Calcutta, in which he writes, "I believe in my 2. There are still whole classes of people, even in alheart of hearts, that India cannot escape Christ. ready evangelized regions (like the middle class Hindus, No one can escape Christ. So has it been with me. Muslims, Buddhists, and Untouchables) to whom Christ The hostility to Christ that made itself manifest and His message have not yet been demonstrably put. in the first clash of the East and West has disappeared. Years have passed and Christ has slowly 3. The small church in India needs outside aid to train and silently entered the hearts of the thinking sec- its manhood and its womanhood and its ministry for nation of the people. Slowly and surely He will tional Christian service and for effective witness to the enter the hearts of all. For Christ is such an One regenerating power of Christ. as cannot but be accepted. 0 what picture of simplicity, reality, holiness, sweetness and love. 4. The rural churches and ,those established among . . . One sees Him and simply cannot escape classes of people once despised and suppressed need guid- ance and help to enable them to play their part in service Him." for rural India. All this represents a vast change in India and 5. Doctors and educationalists are needed for mission throughout the non-Christian world. The Name hospitals and colleges to serve India towards stronger that is above every name is becoming increasingly and saner citizenship. recognized and reverenced. The world is far from accepting Him as Saviour and Redeemer but it is We fear that the strong national feelings exhibited in slowly coming to recognize that at least He is the recent years in India may estrange even the disciples of supreme moral ideal and if men will thus recog- Christ from the call to serve Him in a land that is full nize and obey Him and do His will they will come of racial antipathies. We may assure you that, while that to know the doctrine. is true to a certain extent in the sphere of politics, it is not true in the sphere of religion. At no time has there been The new world above and ahead of us is marked a greater friendliness among the people towards Chrisby nothing more clearly than by the new freedom tians and Christian messengers than at the present time. of women. I contrast in my mind the sight of the British missionaries of the true type – missionaries who veiled women of the Near East a generation ago endeavor in the spirit of our Master to come to India with with what one sees today-concretely, with the sympathy and discernment and to serve her people with laughing faces of a great company of young Mos- that peculiar self-effacing love and power that issues out of the Cross of Christ-such are in greater demand now than ever before.

Again we fear that some may be deterred by a con- sciousness of personal inadequacy for the needs of India, and by a procrastination that makes them wait for some inward guidance and special call before they respond to an appeal for service in India. But surely the crying needs of this great country and its peoples, and especially at a time like this, and the possession of that life and power which issued from Calvary and the Upper Room, coupled with the consciousness of ability with the help of

God to meet these needs – constitute a call the Divine need to remind.ourselves of the word of one of source of which no one can easily doubt. our own missio,nary fathers, Simeon Calhoun, We therefore plead with you to consider whether Chris- whom men called "the Saint of Lebanon": "If the Christi~n Church were what it ought to be, twenty tian students can now fail to give India what they alone years would not pass away before the story of the can give and whether they do not owe India this immediate help at the present crisis of her history. We pray that the call to come over and help us may touch the hearts Cross would be uttered in the ears of every living of some of you, resulting in your surrender for mission- man." ary service in India. And the life is available. We have on the rolls This is an authoritative voice, quite different of the Candidate Department in one Board the from the irresponsible statements of non-Chris- names of some seven or eight hundred young men tian students from these lands studying in West- . and women who are preparing themselves for mis- ern universities. sionary service; Some are paying for their med- These appeals from the National Churches deal ical education by giving their own blood in trans- very specifically with the idea that missionaries fusions in hospitals. Some are ready to go and ought not to go except when sent where they are are offering themselves to the Board and the invited. The National Christian Council of Japan Church. The following letter is signed by four- at its meeting last December spoke these manly teen students, some of them sons of missionaries: words: As students of Princeton Theological Seminary and as The work which Foreign Missions Boards have started members of the band of Student Volunteers, we believe in Japan has by no means reached a full-round goal. that Jesus Christ is the only Saviour of the world; and Much remains to be done to bring it to full completion. we realize that "it behooved Christ to suffer, and to rise We are anxious that they shall finish it fully and hap- from the dead the third day; and that repentance and re- pily. The reason self-support and the spirit of independ- mission of sins should be preached in His name a-mong all ence lags among our churches is the tendency to lean on nations." We adhere to all the doctrines of the Presby- friends and funds from abroad. The Japanese Church terian Church. Because of this belief we are eager to should cut loose and launch out for itself. This has been preach the Gospel in foreign lands. However, because of done in every other sphere of life in the Empire; diplo- lack of funds, of the twenty-one who have volunteered macy, education, commerce, industry go forward through from the last two graduating classes and the present senior Japanese initiative and effort. Why not the Church? class, only two men have been sent to the field.

Mission organizations and missionaries should act from With an increasing conviction of the world's immediate any irresistible sense of mission and not wait for an invi- and imperative need of Christ, we appeal to the Church, tation. The missionary attitude of American Christians to individuals or local organizations, to share with us the motivated by an impelling inner urge should be positive responsibility resting upon all the followers of Christ to and aggressive. Regarding policies for evangelism in send us out as your representatives to proclaim the mes- Japan, we believe that the Japanese Church should in the sage of salvation. main take the initiative. However, we welcome assistance "For whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord from abroad which is motivated by a positive urge. We shall be saved. How, then, shall they call on Him in whom fail because there is too much of a spirit of compromise they have not believed? And how shall they believe in with the "Japanese spirit." If Christianity were to be- Him of whom they have not heard? And how shall they come a Japanese religion it would cease to be Christianity. hear without a preacher? And how shall they preach When this is put squarely to the student, for example, he except they be sent?"

is attracted by it. We need to be more forthright in our We, the undersigned, are willing and desirous to go for presentation of the essential differences between Chris- evangelistic work to any field to which the way may be tianity and Japanism. . opened.

We thank God for the new and rich opportuni- Will the Church turn away from such a priceties in this new day. "I have set before you," God less offering of life as this? is saying to younger men and women, "a door that cannot be shut." What we need is the sacrifice that will bring together this life and the latent resources of the OUT Adequate Resources Church, such sacrifice as is not impossible, for we have seen it again and again in our churches and And as we look forward we remind ourselves missionary societies. As illustration I quote from not only of the summons of the new difficulties and two letters representative of the consecration the appeal of the new opportunities but.we remind which now and again we meet and which is God's ourselves of the new and adequate resources. It greatest gift to His Church. Some six or seven is true that there has been a falling'off in contri- years ago-I received a letter from a dear old butions but that is not because the ·Church could friend, the Rev. William Sidebotham of Michigan, not give as it did. There are individuals, of written just after his wife's death. Mr. Sidecourse, who have reached the limit of their ability botham had given three sons to the ministry, one and would gladly give more if it were in their of .whom had been a missionary in Korea who had power, but the Church as a whole is abundantly met a tragic death while home on furlough, two able to give all that is needed for tne full accom- daughters to home missionary work and teaching. plishment of our foreign missiona,ry task. W~ This was his letter:

FOREIGN MISSIONS WITH A FORWARD LOOK

My wonderful wife died last night. The funeral will be than ever before the sacrifices they made in their earlier tomorrow. I am sorry that you cannot be present. The years, that we might be"eaucated, and 1 have come to arrangements are all made. For some years the money to understand a little more fully the joy .they had when we cover expense of funeral has been ready. Many and many all entered Christian work. I feel as though we had been times she has said: "Don't spend a cent for flowers when left a great heritage, something that will be an inspira- I die. Give it to Foreign Missions." Accordingly not a tion to us all our lives. We have a· precious memory of a penny of mine will be spent for flowers. But I enclose wonderful mother and father. $100 from her for the field in Taiku, in memory of our son. She has often wished she was rich, but never that This was the faith and love of the generation she might have a better wardrobe, etc., but that she might that bore the burden of the past, and that is now help the poor and help foreign missions. Some seven gone. There are many among the older ones who years ago, at a presbyterial, Mrs. J. K. Mitchell, appealing will follow shortly on the same road. Before we for more generous giving, said, "Mother Sidebotham, don't go we want to lay this glorious work on the minds you think every woman could forego one pair of silk stock- and hearts of you who are to follow us. We reings to help the cause?" At once she said aloud, "I never joice in the oncoming company. I went recently had a pair of silk stockings in my life." to speak at a meeting of the Presbyterial Society in myoId Huntingdon Presbytery in Pennsylvania She gladly gave Richard to Korea, and she wept when where I grew up as a boy. Th€ old home church the physician blocked the way for Robert's going in Rich- was crowded to the· doors and on either side of ard's place. She gladly gave Emily to home mission work the pulpit were arrayed the representatives of the in 1900, and grieved in 1924, when it was necessary for young people of the Presbytery, some two hundred Emily to come home and be our housekeeper. My salary or more. As I saw them come in and take their was never more than $700 and manse (often less) till I places I had a fresh feeling of confidence and joy. was sixty-four; never more than $800 and manse till I It is clear that .there is to be no breach between was over seventy, in 1918, never more than $1,200 and the future and the past; that tl),ere are rising in manse till I retired, and began to get $50 a month from the Church new forces that will welcome the new the Board of Relief. Yet she uncomplainingly gave her difficulties and the new opportunities, and that children and rejoiced in our tithing until the end. En- will draw on those adequate resources that are closed is $100 in her name. I wish it could be $10,000. available in God for the carrying forward of this enterprise into the new day. Withgratefulness Some time afterwards I received the following and hope we lay it in your hands now with the letter from one of Mr. Sidebotham's daughters: prayer and assurance that the future is to out- shine the past. On February 6, my father, Rev. William Sidebotham, entered into his well-earned rest after an illness of only Let us pray: Oh Lord Jesus Christ, who art the same ten days of bronchial pneumonia. He had been unusually yesterday, today and forever – who walkest serene amid well all winter, and we were hoping for him a few more the changing generations – not fearing to hold the stars years of life. He would have been eighty-four the first and the churches in Thy hand-we are Thine and we are day of April. We know that he is happy now, united with not going out at our own charge or on any self-appointed my mother, whom he has missed more than we have real- errand, but as Thy servants, yes, even more as Thy friends. ized, and my brother Richard, whose work in Korea was For the servant knoweth not what His Lord doeth, but all so dear to my father's heart. Our only sorrow is for our- things that were made known unto Thee by thy Father, selves in our loneliness. Thou hast committed unto us. Lay Thy hand, we pray thee, upon young life, to carry the flame of a new loyalty When we opened his will, we found a sheet of instruc- to Thee wherever it goes; and to set the torches blazing tions. Among them was the following: "After my funeral across the length and breadth of Thy Church. Kindle the expenses are all paid, take $100 for flowers. Do not buy ancient fires afresh on the altars of the new day; and flowers, but send it to Dr. Speer, asking him to see that send us all out with a new sense of our commission from it is used for work in Korea, in memory of my son Thee, and a new purpose in life and death to serve Thee Richard." until the end of the day, which is the Dawn. This is our prayer. Fulfill it to us, Lord Jesus, we ask in Thine own So I am enclosing a check for that amount. I am glad name. Amen. – father was able to do this, and that he had commissioned me to carry out this wish. You may remember that he sent a similar amount at the death of my mother three years ago.

During the last eight and a half years that I have been at home caring for my parents, I have realized more possibly than the other children how dear the work of His Kingdom was to their hearts. I have appreciated more To witness to the world and to win the world are not necessarily coextensive undertak- ings; and when the Church shall have testified the Gospel of the grace of God among all nations it may be that multitudes will yet remain disobedient to the heavenly message.There- fore I boldly affirm that the Church has nowhere assigned to it the achievement of converting the world in this dispensation. Let none be offended at this statement, since I emphatically add that though our task is not to bring all the world to Christ, our task is unquestionably to bring Christ to all the world. A, ·J.GoRI)ON:

Based on a map copyrigM.ed by the National Geographic Society ETHIOPIA – THE LAST INDEPENDENT KINGDOM IN AFRICA The scene of the present Italian Invasion from Eritrea and Italian SomaJlland. Dessye recently bombed. The flteJd of Christian missionary service. Mission stations are underlined. FigUres on the map show heights of mountains and plateaus. For list of Protestant Mission Societies and names of Mission Stations see opposite page.

as a Mission

By STUART BERGSMA, B.A., M.D.

Formerly of the American Mission, Addis Ababa and Sayo, Ethiopia ETHIOPIA has so long been a hermit empire, and such country is extremely hot, dry and unin- withdrawing herself from contacts with the teresting, the soil consisting of volcanic ash, lava, rest of the world, proud and free on her na- boulders and sand, with little verdure. The poptive highland plateau, "forgetful of the world by ulation of such areas is very sparse, for even the whom she was forgotten," that it is not surprising most ignorant native will prefer a higher, more that many questions arise in the minds of Chris- healthful location, if available, to a location in tian people as they read erroneous and conflicting which he is daily burned by a merciless sun and reports about this land which now is the site of a in which he can find scarcely any water. The shameful war of conquest. Reporters following nomadic tribes inhabiting such districts constitute the armies or writing from the capitol city send the wilder people of Ethiopia. No missionary such conflicting reports as these: Ethiopia is a work is done among these people, life being prac- Christian country; Ethiopia is a country of sav- tically impossible for white people for any ex- agery and barbarism; Ethiopia is a remarkably tended period in such a climate. In the hot low- fertile and wealthy country with vast mineral re- lands malaria abounds wherever mosquitoes can sources; Ethiopia is not worth a dollar per square live, and the population is so scattered the mis- mile. sionary would find no audience.

Since the area of Ethiopia is about one-eighth Perhaps three-fourths of the people of Ethiopia that of the United States it can be readily under- live at an altitude above three thousand feet, and stood that there will be great differences in alti- I would judge that at least half of the people of tude, climate, healthfulness, people, customs, and Ethiopia live at an altitude of a mile or more above even religions in various sections of so vast a sea level. A few small villages are located at an country. The lowlands of Ethiopia are found es- altitude of two miles or more above sea level, but pecially toward the east adj oining the Red Sea, the population of these higher levels, where the PROTESTANT MISSIONS AND MISSION STATIONS IN ETHIOPIA 1. United Presbyterian of U. S. A.-ll workers now on the field.

2. Sudan Interior Mission (Interdenominational and International)-60 workers now on the field. 3. Seventh-Day Adventist-23 missionary workers in Ethiopia and Eritrea. 4. Missionssallskapet Bibeltrogna Vanner (Swedish)-18 workers. 5. Bible Churchman's Missionary Society-18 workers. 6. British and Foreign Bible Society-l worker. 7. Evangelical National Mission Society of Sweden-no detailed report.

8. Church Mission to the Jews-British-7 workers. 9. Roman Catholics have stations at Addis Ababa, Dessye and elsewhere.

10. Hermanaburg Evangelical Lutheran M. S.-West Gallaland-no report.

Protestant Mission Stations and Societies at Work in Ethiopia * Marked on the Map. Societies at Work Are Marked by Numbers.

* Addis Ababa (Capital)-I, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. * Gembe (Wollega)-3. * Gore (or Gorei)-1. Addis Alem-3. * Harar-4. * Asmara (In Eritrea)-4. * * Allata (or Homatcho)-2. Ira (German Mission). Arusi 4. * Jiran (Jimma)-2. ** – * ** * * Bulke (In Kafa)-2. (not underlined). Lalibela (or Lallibella)-2. Chercher (Arusi)-3 Lambuda (Cambatta)-2. * Maraka-2. Darassa (Allata)-2. * Nakempti, or Nakamti-4 (not underlined). Debra Tabor-3. * Saio (or Sayo)-I.

Debra Markos-3. * Dessie or Dessye (Wallo Province)-3. * Shamma (Chincha)-2. Djenda-8. * Shoa-3. * Soddu-2. •* Dire Dawa-4. Wanda (near Soddu) -2. Duromay-2. * Yerga Alam (Sidamo Provin Fitchay-5. ce)-2.

[ 15]

nights become so cold and the rains so severe and of many calling themselves Christians. By this I the air so thin, is a scattered and sparse popula- do not mean to insinuate that none of the mem- tion just as it is in the lower altitudes where the bers of the Church of Ethiopia has a living faith heat is so intense and the land so sun-baked and sufficient unto salvation. His Majesty the Em- the temperature so intensely high. peror seems to be a Christian of the highest type, Missionary stations in Ethiopia are all placed and some of the priests and nobility have a firm where the largest number can have access to the grasp of essential Christian truths. The main preaching of the Gospel and the benefits of our body of adherents to the Ethiopian Coptic Church, schools and hospitals. Hence missionaries in however, seem woefully lacking in knowledge of Ethiopia usually live in the cool, green, beautiful the simplest essentials of the Christian faith, highlands of Ethiopia, where the rainfall is about scarcely ever attend a church service or sacra- sixty inches per year and the temperature range ment, depend .on fasts and external observances is from about 32 degrees Fahrenheit in the cold- for their salvation instead of on the mediatorial est season to about 95 degrees Fahrenheit in the blood of Jesus Christ, and lead a life that cannot hottest season. This temperature range is most be reconciled with that of one bearing the name of remarkable when we remember that Ethiopia is Christian. Many people who have been baptized situated between parallels of latitude 4 degress into membership in the Church of Ethiopia know and 14 degrees above the equator. It answers the no more than that the baptismal string which is question so frequently asked: "Why should a placed about their neck at the time of baptism is European nation desire this country?" Because the guarantee and unshakable proof that they are it is white man's land from climatic standpoint, Christians. As one simple convert told me: "To whereas the present possessions of European na- wear a string about the neck means one is a Chris- tions adjoining Ethiopia are hot and dry wilder- tian, and to be a Christian means to wear a string ness wastelands. about the neck."

Roughly speaking, missionaries in Ethiopia deal The Need of "Christian" Ethiopia with two classes of people, the real Ethiopians or Amharas, and the more negroid subject people, The very members of the Church of Ethiopia the Gallas. The total population of Ethiopia is ap- itself, including even some of the priests, are in proximately ten million, although estimates as low need of the preaching of the Gospel. It is obvious, as six million are given, since there has never however, that missionary endeavor directed to the been a census. Of the total population of Ethiopia ruling class people will be far more difficult than approximately two-thirds are Gallas and one-third to a group which has had no contact with the Amharas. Gospel. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing, The Amharas or Ruling Class it may mean the eternal loss of that soul, for one who thinks he has sufficient and turns a deaf ear The Amharas are the ruling class of people, tall, cannot grow spiritually.

strong, well-fed, proud, brave, and intelligent, and Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, is the trace their origin back to the time of the Queen of "Jerusalem" of the present-day Church of Ethi- Sheba, who they state was an Ethiopian, and who opia. It is the stronghold of the ancient faith and they affirm bore King Solomon of Israel a son, the here are concentrated an enormous number of the son becoming the head of the great Solomonian priests of the Church. Missionary work will conline of Kings of Ethiopia which extends down to sequently be more difficult in Addis Ababa than this day. The Amharas, or ruling class people in in outlying parts where the people are heathen. general, are usually adherents of the ancient The number of converts will be small. Christian faith of Ethiopia. There is in Ethiopia a Christian Church which is a branch of the Cop- Within the last decade the attitude of the tic Church of Egypt. To the presence of this Church of Ethiopia to Evangelical Christian misgroup in Ethiopia is due the common report that sions has been one of friendliness rather than op- Ethiopia is a Christian land. position. This attitude is perhaps due to the fact that modern missions have wisely combined edu- To most of the ruling class people their peculiar cational missions and medical missions and indus- form of Christianity is so vital that they would trial missi9ns with the evangelical work. Ideally gladly die to preserve the Church of Ethiopia, as considered a mission station should have an in- did many of their forefathers in past ages in com- dustrial missionary to teach the natives better bating heathenism and Mohammedanism round- farming, carpentry and other trades; a teacher, about. However, devotion to their Church as a doctor, nurse, and an ordained missionary. His peculiar national institution which must be pre- Majesty the Emperor Haille Selassie I has been served at all costs seems to be the most commend- extremely favorable to missionary work..

able thing one can mention concerning the faith The headquarters of all mission·organizations

ETHIOPIA ASA MISSION FIELD

From "The Rambow Empire"; published by Wm. B. Ee.rdmansll, G(froand Rapid8, Michigan THE ROYAL FAMILY OF ETHIOPIA Emperor Hoaoimlle Seelloaossssie 1I , with the Empress, Woaolzlzeerro Menan , the Crown Prince Astao Wassan and Prince Makonnen working in Ethiopia are situated in Addis Ababa In Addis Ababa is to be found the largest hosand at least one third of the total number of mis- pital in Ethiopia, that of the United Presbyterian sionaries resident in Ethiopia are working in Mission, with 100 beds and modern in every way, Addis Ababa. Here we find the largest hospitals, having electric light, X-ray, adequate medical and schools, and a leprasarium. Addis Ababa is sit- surgical equipment, and a model laboratory. The uated in the very center of Ethiopia and from same mission has also on its twelve-acre compound this city radiate all the roads, most of the roads a girls' boarding school and a church organizamere mulepaths, which lead to the larger cities tion which meets in the hospital chapel. In the and villages in which missionary work is being capital city is also found the headquarters of the carried on. With very few exceptions the mis- Sudan Interior Mission, a mission which has had sionaries approach their stations by way of Addis an unusual growth since its organization in 1927, Ababa. and which has at present approximately eighty missionaries. This mission has in Addis Ababa Addis Ababa is a city of approximately 100,000 a clinic and a leprasarium housing seventy-five inhabitants and is situated at an altitude of 8,700 lepers, and maintains a bookshop, and reading feet above sea level. The city has electric lights room in the downtown section of the city. Swedish and macadam roads. Here are to be found the organizations in Addis Ababa maintain strong legations of America, England, France, Germany, schools for girls and boys, with approximately 200 Italy, Sweden and other nations. From a mis- pupils, and also have had splendid results evansionary viewpoint Addis Ababa is very important gelistically. The Seventh-Day Adventists have a for here the missionaries representing the various modern hospital of forty beds and maintain a Boards make invaluable contacts and foster the small school. There is also a Roman Catholic friendly spirit and show the mutual helpfulness hospital of 100 beds. toward the Government of Ethiopia so important in the continuance of the work in the distant prov- His Majesty the Emperor HailIle Selassie I has inces. two hospitals with a total bed capacity of about

100 beds, and maintains two schools with a total civilized people more and more into barbarism and enrolment of perhaps 500 pupils. In Addis Ababa anarchy." The Gallas are more negroid than the are the government buildings of thheei-:- Ethiopian Aniharas a.nnd have not as strong and rugged Government and the palace of the Emperor. The' bodies, nor" are they as tall or as proud as the most important churches of. the Chu~chOf Etlii- Amharas. "'

opia are also in Addis Ababa, and here resides the Numerically the Gallas outnumber the Amharas Archbishop of the Church and many'':.dther impor- about twoto one. The Gallas in Ethiopia number tant officials of Church and State. . approximately six million. They do most of the The Amharas are especially numerous about work and own least of the land. The system of Addis Ababa and certain provinces ape principally land tenure is in the main that of. a feudal system, Amharic or of kindred stock. Ruling class people the Gallas being the serf class and having over- are also found in every'village in Ethiopia in lords. Some of the Gallas have a nominal attach- ment to the Christian Church of Ethiopia, some are Mohammedan, but by far the greatest num- beelr' aare heathen. Their worship is animism, wor- ship of the things of nature such as rivers, trees, mountains and hills. Sacrifices are given to these natural objects and evil spirits of rivers and moun- tains and trees and other objects are believed to be hovering about seeking to do harm and must be placated. The witch doctor and the Galla medi- cine man still practice their pernicious rites.

The Gallas today are loyal to the Emperor and are of course real Ethiopians today, having had no other home for four centuries. The greatest part of the present army opposing the invaders will perhaps be Gallas, with Amharas generally in the higher positions. The Gallas are brave peo- ple, fatalistic, poor and ignorant.

AN OLD ETHIOPIAN PRIEST WITH HIS CHARMS Evangelistic Fruit Among the Gallas greater or lesser numbers for they function there It is especially among the Gallas that the preachas government officials, land owners, traveling ing of the Gospel has borne fruit. Many are merchants, and most of the priests of the churches heathen and the message is new and startling and are Amharas. A small church building and a appealing. Their aggressive nature makes them number of priests will be found in every impor- good evangelists when the Gospel grips them. The tant village in Ethiopia. Gallas have their own language, the Galla or Oromo language, while the Amharas have the Am- The Gallas, or subject people, are not real Ethi- haric language. There are, however, also other opians racially. They came into the country four languages and numerous dialects. The Gallas hundred years ago as savage invaders, attempted come in large numbers to mission services, our to conquer the Ethiopians they found there, but church at Sayo in Western Ethiopia frequently in turn were conquered themselves. The Galla having above 400 present and at one time as many invasion of Ethiopia retarded the advance of as 555 present at a Sabbath morning service. Ethiopia enormously. "The invasion of the Galla Within the last five years the church at Sayo has tribes has had the effect of checking national prog- received 128 converts. Other stations show enress to this day, and of throwing back a once- couraging results but exact figures are not avail- able.

It is in the outlying districts of the hinterland especially that the Gallas show their appreciation of the medical work done by missions. At our Sayo station in western Ethiopia, where we have a small hospital of twenty-five beds, 15,000 treat- ments were given last year and approximately 20,000 people heard the Gospel in the hospital and clinic services. The need of the Gallas for evan- gelistic, educational and medical assistance is great, for in many locations the doctor in a sta-

ETHIOPIA AS A MISSION FIELD

tion will be the only medical man in a radius of Swedish Mission station with church, school and five days' journey. Superstition must flee wher- hospital. From the north the armies advancing ever a mission station is established, and round- toward the Lake Tana region are near a small about Sayo the witch doctors at first complained station at Djenda and in time must pass through about the reduced income, since people stopped Dessye, a larger station of the Seventh-Day Adbelieving in them, and then the witch doctors ventist Mission, where a hospital, school and moved to sites more distant from the mission. church are to be found. Addis Ababa is the nat- ural focus of advance for the invading army and How will the war affect missionary endeavor in bombing of this city would result in a distinct Ethiopia? The answer depends, of course, to a shock to the morale of the Ethiopians in general. great extent on the outcome of the war. If Ethi- If the railroad should be taken by the invaders the opia retains her independence there may be a con- missionaries and legation officials will be pracsiderable number of important Ethiopians who tically cut off from the rest of the world. will have learned to distrust all foreigners as having selfish motives in coming to their land. On "God moves in a mysterious way His wonders the other hand, the friendly and cooperative spirit to perform" and surely this is true regarding the shown by missionaries to the Ethiopians in this missionary situation in Ethiopia. It seems myshour of intense testing may win alarge and whole- terious to us that a work as promising and fruitful some respect for Evangelical missions on the part as that in Ethiopia must go through the trial of of the natives. The organization of an Ethiopian fire dropping from heaven on an unprepared na- Red Cross by missionary doctors, the care of the tion feeling its way into the light, and that the war wounded by mission hospitals, the sharing of sword of steel must wreck its havoc' rather than dangers common to missionaries and Ethiopians the "sword -of the Spirit" its blessing. Mysterious alike, may reap a mighty harvest later. as it is, let us trust and believe that His Kingdom can come and His will be done even now in If Ethiopia should fail to remain independent Ethiopia. the future of Protestant missions may not be so bright in Ethiopia. In an adjoining territory, Family health had made necessary our deparonce the property of Ethiopia but now a protec- ture from Ethiopia several months before the war torate of Italy, Protestant missions were slowly had started. It is a time of great testing for the closed out by a government policy of refusing to missionaries also, but in this hour of great need, grant a visa for reentry into the country once the with the unusual opportunities of counselling, missionary had left on furlough. comforting, cheering and alleviating the miseries of the Ethiopians our friends in Ethiopia are to The present war situation is not without its this distressed people "as rivers of water in a dry dangers for missionaries and mission property. place; as the shadow of a great rock in a weary The army from the south is approaching Harrar, land." a city of 30,000 population, in which city is a

Through a Missionary's

-tEf11 By MRS. E. STANLEY JONES, of India 11JBe– "WHICH end of this thing do you talk on all sides by the sick and the suffering who have into?" I asked as a young cousin handed no medical aid; the poverty-stricken who have me a peculiar black instrument. never once known what it means to have their "Why the end with the cord attached," she hunger satisfied.

gasped, her eyes wide with astonishment. We fight against filth, ignorance, superstition I finished my conversation and put the receiver and sin. And somehow, as the years go by, we on the table. She snatched it and laid it in its forget that America has faults and shortcomings.

cradle. We think of America as a land of churches and "I have not used a telephone for nearly nine schools and hospitals; we think of America sing- years," I said apologetically. ing, "Our fathers' God, to Thee"; stamping on "I suppose things here seem very strange and her coins, "In God We Trust"; putting the Eight- marvelous to you now," she remarked. "Of course eenth Amendment into the Constitution; leading telephones are old. But we have progressed a lot in idealism. And then-we come home!

in many ways, haven't we?" We were in America on our last furlough dur- "Ask me that question after I have been here ing the days of prohibition. In ,the eighteen a month," I said. months that we were here, not once had any of She asked it again after three months. us seen a saloon, a glass of liquor or a drunken "Well, what do you think of us now? I suppose man. I am not suggesting that they did not exist.

you are always being astonished." But we could honestly say we had not seen them.

"Yes, I am being astonished," I replied slowly, But we returned this time- "but not with Frigidaires and airplanes and air To find ourselves in a city where we had to go conditioning and radios." hungry because we could discover no place to eat "With what then?" she demanded. where beer was not sold.

"I'm afraid you won't like it . but if you To be confronted by miles of glaring advertise- really want to know. . . ." ments, imploring us to drink, smoke, visit certain I was right. She did not like it. She is still in- roadhouses.

dignant and hurt. But we, too, are hurt. Dis- To find it almost impossible to escape the ever- illusionment is painful. And when the object of lasting cigarette. Many a time in train or bus or that disillusionment is anything as dear as one's waiting room or restaurant, I have said, "Is it own beloved native land the pain goes deep. possible that this is America, the land of the free, We have sometimes wondered about the atti- where I don't even have the privilege of breathing tude of the student who returns to India after pure air!"

study abroad in a so-called "Christian" land. But We were startled to see not only men but women we begin to understand his reactions. Because of and girls smoking, drinking, carousing in saloons our long residence out of the country, whether we and beer gardens.

will or no, I suspect that we see it very much as To hear oaths and vulgar expressions on the the foreigner sees it. lips of high school and college girls of good fam- It is very easy for us over in India to begin to ilies-expressions once limited to the type of folks idealize America. with whom one did not associate.

We live with the caste system. We see sixty We noted the change in vocabulary: Self-ex- millions of outcastes despised and looked down pression, syncretism, freedom, nudity, thrill; not upon by the 2,300 upper castes as are no other often the Fords modesty, decency, duty, responsi- people in all the world. We see the sickly, stunted, biIity, obligation.

pathetic little girl-wives and mothers; the widow We were puzzled to find many churches closed treated as an iII-omen; millions of lovely women on Sunday evening, but cinema doors wide open kept behind closed doors. and crowds pouring in.

We see men, women and children worshiping Often we could discover no mid-week prayer the cow, the cobra, the monkey; bowing down be- meeting, but forums, dramas, scouting, dancing, fore idols of wood and stone. We are surrounded bridge, in church parlors.

[20 ] To find churches being sold for debt; benevolent suppose you are dreadfully shocked with us, aren't budgets cut; Christian work of all kinds being you?" closed because of lack of funds; thousands losing their homes, unable to get work, going on relief; "No," I said, "it would take a good deal to shock but to find that, apparently, America still had a missionary who is as old as I am. But I must abundant money for ball games, motorcars, mov- confess that I am puzzled. I am wondering why ies, cigarettes, and beer. you expect me to be shocked if you consider these things to be perfectly right and proper. And I Coming from a land where if we offer to pay am wondering why the East, as it becomes more 12 cents a day for ten hours of hard labor we will and more what we have always considered 'Chrisbe besieged by ablebodied men begging for the tianized' and 'civilized,' tends to put on more job, it was strange to be in a town where there clothes, becomes more chaste and reserved in lanwere hundreds on relief but to find it impossible guage, drops habits and modes of life that we are to get a man to cut the grass or a woman to do taking up." plain sewing at $2.00 a day. The girl glanced uneasily at her watch. "Oh, We were nauseated over the nastiness of the my gracious!" she exclaimed, "I've got to get my modern literature that we sampled. Latin lesson." No missionary can remain a prude and work in It was disconcerting in our search for a Chris- India. What the Hindu has to say he says. What he has to do he does. There is a simple frankness tian college to discover that in very many inabout the most intimate details of life. But he is stances there was now no difference at all between not vulgar. State colleges and the schools founded with conse- crated money. We were accustomed to hearing a spade called a spade when necessary; we were not accustomed To find professors in those "Christian" schools to deliberate verbal filthiness. giving sly digs at the religion which brought those schools into existence; going out of their legiti- A young boy who entered our school in India mate way to speak sneeringly, disparagingly of brought with him a story book. Presently some the faith of the founders; to find even Christian of the older boys suggested that it was not a men raising questions in the classroom that they proper book for boys to read. I asked to see it. did not answer.

"It's just a translation of an American book," One puzzled college senior who had come to me said the boy defensively. with some of his problems said earnestly: "They don't let us flounder around in language or mathe- "Still, I wish to see it." matics, but when it comes to ,the things that matter He brought it reluctantly. I read it and then most if they know anything themselves they're I called the boys together. Page by page we tore d– careful to give us nothing but a question it up and threw it into the fire, and I said confi- mark." dently, "If this book is a translation of an American book it has been made vile in the translation." I talked one day at a summer conference with a Made vile in the translation! Never again can group of girls, all from "Christian" colleges. One I say that! We have turned in disgust from the said: "Our professors don't take any stock in obscenities of Hindu literature. We are producing Christianity. Why should we?" much in America that is no better. Last year I joined a Book of the Month Club to Another said: "I used to pray and I got a good which a dormitory of girls in a Christian college deal of comfort from it. But af.ter I majored in had subscribed. Over half the books we carried psychology, and began to understand the laws of down to the furnace and burned. No matter how the mind, it seemed so silly to pray." beautiful the container, we do not keep garbage in these lovely modern sanitary homes of ours. Another remarked. "I went to Sunday school Why keep on our tables literature fouled with ex- and church until I went to college. But I didn't pressions more revolting, more adominable than want to be queer and different, so I stopped." the filth that contaminates the cesspool! We are accustomed in India to a frank, un- We have monkeys in India. Day after day I ashamed nakedness of body. We are not accus- have watched them in our gardens, on our roof tomed to a flaunting of that nakedness. tops, by the roadside and even at closer range, A high school girl came to see me soon after I for a misguided son of a missionary manse prearrived. She wore as little as the law allows, and sented us with his pet monkey when the family that is very little indeed in some sections of our moved away. country. She lit a cigarette and talked of sex in the words of a medical book. Finally she said, "I And, somehow, now that I am once more where I can see my own kind in action I am inclined to believe that there may be, after all, something in the Darwin theory. There is a similarity to some- thing that I have known all too well that is very disconcerting!

A monkey shows a surprising tendency to imi- Americans, I frankly admit that at first we could tate-.to follow blindly what someone else is do- not see it.

ing, even to his own detriment. A young monkey I passed a beautiful girl on the street one day, sat on our garage roof eating a guava. I sat on lovely eyes, clear skin, hair like sunshine, but when the housetop eating a banana. I threw away the I first glanced at her, I saw only an ugly mark banana skin and without rhyme or reason he across one cheek.

tossed away his half-eaten guava. I broke a sprig Many of these blemishes on the face of our fair from a climbing vine–he broke a sprig from the land are merely unsightly excrescences-skin dis- babul tree above him. I put the sprig into my eases, as it were, which will pass away of them- mouth and although the babul was as bitter as selves or for which we will find the remedy.

quinine he promptly put his sprig into his mouth. But the foreigner, who seldom sees beyond the In our monkey friends we notice a dependence blemishes, returns disappointed, disillusioned, on mechanical amusements, an absorption in the critical, contemptuous. Is this the land that he trivial, a perpetual restlessness, a startling disre- has looked upon as a model of what he wants his gard for the proprieties of life, a heedlessness of own land to become? Is this what Christianity brings a country to? What can a foreigner think consequences, an unstable affectional nature. who must base his knowledge of America on what And somehow my mind goes back to our Indian he hears on our streets, sees in our dance halls garden when I meet those whose only sources of and on our beaches, reads in our modern magaamusements are movies, cards, dancing and wild zines and books? motor rides; when I hear of divorces secured on the most trivial grounds; when I hear complaints A Hindu student was studying in a university of boredom at the very thought of a quiet evening. in Ohio. A young woman rather thoughtlessly said to him – "Now that you're in a Christian When I listen to remarks like these: country, what do you think of Christianity?"

"I know I shouldn't drink, but everyone does." With the inate politeness of the Hindu he began "My mother hates my smoking but even Miss to apologize. "I'm very sorry. I have been so K. smokes." busy with my studies that I have had little time "I suppose sixty miles an hour isn't very safe for anything else. I'm very sorry to say that I but j.t does give one a thrill." haven't been able to see anything of Christianity "Why shouldn't I paint my lips on the street yet." car. Folks needn't look at me if they don't like it." There were other things- A young Chinese student, a Christian, entered The price of a night's sleep and breakfast on a one of our large International Houses. The first train. America, America, no other land so dear! morning at breakfast he bowed his head and silently said grace. Those at the table snickered The high standard of material comfort. We and a young American girl said to him, "Oh, you knew why a visitor from India exclaimed, "If I mustn't do that in America!" am seeing America in a depression, what must it be like in a period of prosperity?" Mr. Natarajan, brilliant editor of the Indian Social Reformer of Bombay, visited the World'~ Fresh from the preciseness and the conserva- Fair in Chicago. Since his return to India, his tism of ,the English press we were sharply aware paper shows that he has become a very enemy of of the untidiness of our national speech; of our Christianity.

prodigal use of superlatives; of the inaccuracy of If he saw what I saw, heard what I heard, when reporters; of the impudent, conscience-less false- inadvertently I found myself about midnight in hoods of the advertisements. And why, oh why, that section of the World's Fair called "The were we so interested in the nauseous details of Streets of Paris," I do not wonder. Mrs. A.'s divorce, the insipid love letters of Mr. A barker spotting my shocked face shouted, "If B., the kind of cigarette used by Mrs. C., the color you can't stand what's going on here, you'd better of the underwear of Mrs. D.! get out. This is no Hall of Religion."

We were aghast over the grotesque, artificial But I saw there young boys and girls of our own appearance of the girls; the freedom of the sexes; land. Young students from India and China and the studied frankness, often vulgarness, of their Japan and. I stayed.

speech; the queer songs and sounds that came "Surely," I said to the friend who was with me, over the radio. The first time we heard crooning "a married woman of mature years may hear and we decided that the singer had been taken ill but see what these young people are hearing and seewas bravely keeping his appointment. ing." But I found myself saying over and over, Being Americans we knew, of course, that there "Oh God! Oh God! What are these Eastern was very much that was fine and splendid and students going to say of us when they get back Christian in America. But although we were home!"

AMERICA THROUGH A MISSIONARY'S EYES

I have just read what one of them said. He like the other commandments it is violated at wrote: "The West is incredibly immoral. There is no such thing as a chaste woman." times, the prohibition ll:!-w is as effective as other .When we first went out to India a good many laws. . . . It is unthinkable that America will years ago, America was more or less idealized by the East. From America came the Bible, tracts, ever go back to the days of booze drinking." books, educative, elevating, inspiring. From America came money for schools and hospitals; And he concludes: "If we Indians are not blind food in time of famine. to our present and future welfare should we not America was the symbol of a people free, educated, sympathetic, generous – a Paradise for take a tip from the American policy of prohibiwomen and for the poor and downtrodden. Young India today has no such delusions. I said some- tion? Let us free our nation from alcohol." thing one day to a Hindu barrister about this change in attitude. He said: "Forgive me. But I wonder what India is saying of us now. Perdo you wish to know the truth ? We. feel that in a moral sense America has failed us. She has let haps Mr. Natarajan expressed it when he reus down." marked to a friend in Chicago, "We can never I picked up a book the other day written by Dr. Suhindra Bose, a Hindu, who has spent many forgive America." . years in America. The book was written for India about America while the 18th Amendment was There are reasons why the Hindu, though he still a law. may desire our Christ, wants nothing to do with He writes, "Thou shalt not drink is the Eleventh Commandment for the United States. Although what he considers our "Christian" civilization.

A Hindu judge was calling one day. In the course of our conversation he said, "Christian America, as you say. . . . "

"Oh, no," I hastily interrupted, suspicious of what might follow, "I never said 'Christian Amer- ica.' "

He smiled, "What shall I say then? Heathen America ?"

Heathen America? Oh certainly not! Chris- tian America? Dare we say it?

America Through a Missionary's Eyes Another View by Dr. Frank C. Laubach of the Philippines SOME of us who have returned to America Men's organizations of all kinds seem equally recently after an absence of from five to ready to meet need. Kiwanis and Lion's clubs, seven years sense some changes for the farmer's meetings, men's church dinners gave better. This is a pleasant surprise. We had suf- very much the same sort of response: surprise fered from a tragic decline in benevolences for that conditions are like this on the other side of foreign enterprises, and had expected to find this the world, and surprise that missions are inter- accompanied by a corresponding decline in spir- ested in illiteracy, hunger, disease, and fear.

ituality. We thought that interest in religion must "This is something so big and so important that have dropped off fifty per cent, since gifts for men ought to do it. What can we do?" One foreign missions had gone down one half. Dur- county judge said: "I have had no use for mis- ing previous furloughs we had experienced a sions. I thought it was the sob stuff we often hear guilty feeling of having overpraised America in about. If mission work is really tackling the great foreign lands. This time we think that perhaps world problems then I am for it." This seems we have underestimated our America. to summarize fairly well the reaction of fifty The first surprise did not come in churches. It men's meetings visited last Fall.

met us in a Rotary club two weeks after our ar- Church audiences, it must be confessed, did not rival. These Rotarians heard that over half the seem to be so uniformly responsive. Some of the world is still illiterate, and therefore suffering churches appear to be frozen; one felt that they from disease, hunger and fear. "We didn't know expected a pious entertainment for a half hour, that!" they said. "Let us do something about it that those who attended sought serenity, sweetness at once." So they formulated resolutions that and light, but no heat; the assurance that "God's filled a column of the newspaper and forwarded to in his heaven; all's right with the world." A mis- the International Rotary Committee in Chicago a sionary with his pictures of sin, ignorance, suf- proposal to make World Literacy a major project fering, and ugliness is a jangling discord in for their organization. A half dozen other rotary churches which usually hear only heavenly music clubs immediately did the same. . apd soothing reassuring cadences from a soft

voiced preacher. Such churches are perfect Bud- only in brutal frankness, disgusted with sham, but dhists with the word "Christian" tacked on the wonderful if you meet their real life questions outside by mistake. honestly. The only thing they seem to lack is a gripping cause that sets their hearts on fire. This But very many of the churches were neither is just what the cause of Christ can give them. cold nor soft. The farther west we went the warmer and stronger religion became. Chicago What these young people seem to need as was our farthest west visit. It was also the most much as piety is a better course in geography. aggressively religious-to our great astonishment. Robert E. Speer and his generation used to tell us The city of murders, corrupt politics, unpaid taxes that we should go to the foreign field unless we and unpaid teachers, did not live down to its repu- could prove that God wanted us to stay here. I tation. We were shown the former rendezvous of do not think that argument will convince youth Al Capone, and, still glancing furtively backward today. But one can say pretty nearly the same for possible pursuing gunmen, we were ushered thing in a way that will grip them mightily. into a Sunday school throbbing with wholesome, healthy, eager children, all of them ready to write "You are about to step forth to rule the world. letters to any and every Filipino, send boxes of You have perhaps forty years of strong active life Christmas presents or trunk loads of books, to ahead of you and this planet under you. Do not convert or educate half the world – anything decide where you will give this, the only life you progressive-and they wanted to get it all done have, without knowing all the facts. Study the by the following Sunday at the latest! Everyone whole world and then decide where you can do the of twenty-five meetings in Chicago vibrated with most good. If you decide upon a narrow basis in that same spirit of "Let's do it, and let's be at it ten years you may regret your decision. at once!" Twice I was introduced to audiences of business men by Professor Arthur Compton, A rather young man in Chicago asked for a without knowing it! America's leading scientists private interview. He started by saying that he can be chairmen of missionary meetings-in Chi- had lost every cent he owned during the deprescago at least. sion and now had less than nothing. I was about to offer my sympathy, but he said: In Michigan we were entertained in homes where they read the Bible around the table, two "N0, I don't need your sympathy. It was gloverses for each reader, sang hymns and knelt de- rious, the most glorious deliverance of my whole voutly to pray – they were not minister's homes life. It drove me to God and to real happiness. either. In Ohio, we found a man of large means Life has been simply glorious ever since." who would not spend over fifty cents for any meal, so long as other people in America were unable His radiant face told the same story. Has finanto spend that much. He and his church were cial depression driven so many people back to making a sound, successful experiment with con- God that they are toning up the entire country to sumer's cooperatives in Columbus. a greater or lesser degree? Many a man who has been serving God and mammon now has more time There is a very marked upturn in the sense of for God because he has no mammon to serve. For responsibility for unfortunate people. Whatever such men the depression can be a "glorious delivpeople may think of the present New Deal, there erance," the kind of deliverance Jesus sought for is an increasing conviction that poor people must the rich young ruler. never again have the unfair deal we once gave them. Consciences never before seemed so tender There.is one more step that America ought now for the unfortunate, the poor, the aged, and for to take. She is pretty emphatic in saying that she children. will not fight anybody or oppress anybody. Let her add one more resolve to that, and she will be There is also a very great increase in interest in nobly Christian: "America does not wish to fight world affairs. The minds of men are being or crush anybody, America desires to serve hustretched across both oceans. Every continent is manity!" America is ready, I think, for that now first page news. Ethiopia, China, Brazil and slogan if the foreign mission leaders can show France take precedence in many newspapers over her just how she may make it effective. Here is the latest murder – which is indeed a sign of a summons to the greatest statesmanship of our progress. greatest Christian statesmen. How can we out- line and formulate the world program so that it But it is youth that have given us our greatest will grip men and women, not only in churches surprise. Before we returned to America we but also in clubs, and schools? How can we bring heard shocking stories, and expected to confront our youth to say: bleary-eyed debauchees. Where are these terrible youth? We face in high schools just healthy, "I love my country so much that I want her to lovable young boys and girls; they seem terrible become a blessing to all the world."

Certainly God desires nothing less than that. How then can we, as Christians, work for less!

a Missionary–Minded

By the REV. J. ENOS WINDSOR, Cincinnati, Ohio Pastor of the Columbia M. E. Church N OW that I look squarely at the title, I am ing. Why? The early disciples won for one rea- almost afraid to proceed. The mere sug- son: they had the passion of their divine Leader gestion seems that of a project greater than with a purpose. The same prescription will win I can lay claim to. Two things cause me to hesi- today. The Church of Christ can only find hertate. There are so many who have both builded self and her task, and once again have the respect and suggested ideas and programs better than 1. of a needy world, when wandering steps have been This is problem enough to be sure. Yet even retraced and some things forgotten are relearned. greater is the inconsistent title. Could we honestly This prescription has worked in my own life and have a Christian Church, in the true sense, which has worked not only in my present church but in is not missionary-minded? If we are Christian, every church I have pastored. should we not be Christlike? And if Christlike, must not our hearts burn to preach Him wherever Success in any line is largely a matter of leader- He has not been named? ship. I was reared in the church and within the sacred walls of a Christian home. Both parents Let us ask some other questions. Can the knew Jesus Christ as their personal Saviour and Church be missionary abroad and not missionary were not afraid to let it be known. In our family at home? Can we succeed in Samaria and fail to of four girls and three boys, none were exempted do justice to Jerusalem? Is the church divided as from church school and church service on Sunday. to its community and its commission? Can there We were thrown constantly in contact with the ever be any other program for the Church of church programs and personalities. At twenty- Jesus Christ than the one which He gave us when one I left home to go to the university and sem- He said: "Ye shall receive power after the Holy inary. I may frankly say that I went to the latter Ghost is come upon you and ye shall be witnesses because it seemed to me rather a fine thing at unto me both in Jerusalem and in all Judea and least to prepare for the ministry. I left both inin Samaria and unto the uttermost part of the stitutions later almost an atheist, or at least an earth." (Acts 1: 8.) Only the foolish or uncon- infidel, because I saw the inconsistency between cerned are unaware that the Church as a whole is theory and practice. In most cases I saw that not fulfilling its task. With few exceptions there the ministry was a profession rather than a pasis retrenchment and retreat at a time of great sion. As a result I practically turned from both need and greater opportunity, instead of reveille church and preacher in disgust. A few years and recovery. Instead of seeking to save the lost later, while engaged in the manufacturing busiwe are seeking to save our faces, and our very ness in a large city, I found Jesus Christ in perchurches at home. I may be criticized for this sonal, joyous experience as my Saviour from sin statement, and called a pessimist, but I can only and my Captain in life's program. I then realsay I prefer to have my eyes open rather than be ized, what I never had known as a nominal Church like the ostrich with his head in the sand. member, that each individual has a need and that this poor old sinful, sorrowing, sobbing world has Our problem today is the same which eleven a need and that both of those needs are not for men faced on Mount Olivet nineteen hundred better philosophies, psychologies, programs, and years ago. They saw only as far as the forbid- material things, but the one great need is Christ. ding hills of Judea; we have been commissioned I began to serve Him first as a layman in a harto look up and see the uttermost parts of the earth. vesting of souls, but soon came the distinct com- They were poorly equipped and organized from an mission "Go, preach the Gospel." There were earthly standpoint; we have wonderful material problems, not the least of which was my own busiequipment and human organization. They were ness with a good income. But from that moment poor in this world's goods, we are rich. They I experienced a passion for men's souls, greater walked to carryon their work, we ride swiftly by than any desire for earthly things. God's leading land, sea, or air. But they won where we lose. that at that time seemed to be that I should con- Why? Today some Christian movements and tact the Christian and Missionary Alliance movesome churches are succeeding, but many are fail- [25 ]

ment and should partake in some measure of the upon me in the day of trouble and I will answer."

experience and passion of its sainted founder. In My first text to that little discouraged congrega- that contact I realized my further need of the ex- tion was the message: "I seek not yours but you."

perience of receiving the Holy Spirit, as the eleven I meant it when I told my people that I was not apostles received Him. Two things came from interested in their money but in their souls. I this experience of being filled with the Spirit: showed that little congregation that God, our Fa- (1) the passion for souls and the vivid vision of ther, Jesus Christ His Son and the Holy Spirit a lost world; (2) I was conscious that the Holy had an interest in men rather than in money.

Spirit gave the power to carry that message wher- One of the besetting sins of the ministry is the ever God might lead. preaching "for filthy lucre's sake" and that ap- Some Practical Results proach incidentally has driven many a soul away from the church. To our shame be it said that Does it work? I shall speak only of my present some churches and pastors seek to obtain as much church. Picture, five years ago, a medium sized as they can from the flock instead of showing how frame church of rather nondescript architecture; much of Christ and blessing they can bring to a hopelessly out of date even when it was con- community.

structed forty-four years ago; situated in the East My one aim was to preach Christ-a living, lov- End of Cincinnati, on a business thoroughfare. ing, saving, interested Christ; One who came On the south within three squares is the Ohio from Heaven to lay down His blessed life on the River; on the east six squareS away. is the air- cross of Calvary that men might live and experi- port; and on the north two squares away is Alms ence life more abundantly. We preach a Christ Park. Parks and rivers and airports are tre- who has a program wonderful enough to challenge mendously unproductive things in building either not only preachers but doctors, lawyers, teachers.

a church or a missionary program. To the west business men, kings and emperors, or what have lies the great city with its many churches and you. Real religion is not a mere form, not sub- movements. In our narrow neck of land are four scribing to a creed, not membership in a church, other churches, one of which is of my own denom- not just a moral life; but the Christian religion ination, to shepherd a small number of people of is a love affair with God as our Father and with the respectable working class, with the usual pro- Jesus Christ, His Son, the "lover of our souls."

portion of professionals, clerks and business men. Our people began to see that they must be "born We have no wealthy people and the years 1929- from above," saved and cleansed; then they could 1934 hit us hard. be empowered – made new creatures in Christ Now another picture: this time a struggling Jesus. Many prominent preachers have openly little congregation of about twenty-five active stated that in our day this sort of preaching is out members and sixty-one communicants; finances of date and ineffective. Let us have done with almost at a standstill; members pulling out to go such foolishness. Jesus Christ called and or- elsewhere; building in a tragically bad state of dained us to preach what He told us-not to pro- repair. Naturally the people were utterly discour- claim our own opinions or the products of imagina- aged. The only services held in this church were tions. "Ye bear witness of me," said He. That church school followed by church service each little flock in Cincinnati began to believe that if Sunday morning. Missionary offerings totaled they would fall in love with Jesus, take Him into only $105 a year. Worse than this there was no their lives and surrender themselves to Him, all mIssIOnary VISlon. There was no sign of life other needful things would be added unto them.

either within the church or in its outside interests. Then He could have their money, time, talents, Plans were under way to give the church prop- interests, or anything they might have, and He erty to the Y. M. C. A., which had already received would supply all their need.

the neighboring church property of another de- The important question is-does it work? What nomination, once prosperous. has happened?

A discouraging picture,· you say. Very! No The first noticeable result was an increased in- one who has not had such an experience can feel terest in all departments an.d work of the church.

the heartache which this sort of situation brings. Attendance in church school increased one .hun- It makes one more sympathetic toward men who dred per cent and in Sunday morning worship one have preceded us, Gideon for instance, who wept thousand per cent. Sunday evening services of because God's cause languished in the land. But, an informal evangelistic type, began four years thank God, there is a better and brighter picture. ago and now the average attendance is close t9 How could the. discouraging situation be four hundred. The. old parsonage, next door. to changed? No man is sufficient for such a task; the church, has been taken as an annex for the and all the glory must go to Him who said "call enlarged program, and a better parsonage was

TO PASTORS-"BEGINNING AT JERUSALEM" 2'1

secured on a fine residential street. The schedule, But the best part of the whole story, like the which at one time consisted only of the church good wine at Cana of Galilee, is left to the last. school and Sunday morning service, now includes All of this has been accomplished without special two regular Bible studies, class meeting, teacher's pleas or financial canvasses. Money is seldom training class, personal worker's class, and other mentioned in our church. I refuse to preach about activities. One noticeable feature is the number it. This whole program is a spontaneous response of young people in all the activities and services- from our people, who bring not only the tithe but another body blow to those who say young people the free-will offerings also to God's storehouse bewill not accept the Gospel. cause they nave come to appreciate God's unspeak- able gift – His only-begotten Son. "Love never And now what about the missionary attitude faileth" and having found Him and fallen in love and missionary gifts of the church? Here are the with Him they have His passion that others who figures for the years 1930-1934 inclusive-$105.00, sit in gross darkness in regions beyond may come $463.00, $657.00, $1,006.00, $2,082.00, and pledges to know and love Him. This does not seem to for 1935 already amount to $2,750. These figures them a strange thing but the natural thing to do. represent only the actual gifts to missionary work We look "unto Him who is able to do exceedingly in home and foreign lands. They do not include abundantly above all that we can ask or think." the large amounts expended on relief and social He abideth faithful. God has promised and will service work in our own community. The pastor's perform: "Them that honor me I will honor." salary has also been increased fifty per cent and Yes, the proclamation of the Gospel of Christ and several thousands of dollars have been expended a passion to make Him known to others is a proin repairs and improvements on the church prop- gram that succeeds in building a missionaryerty. Plans are under way for further extensive minded Church even in depression years. changes.

To Pastors-"Beginning at Jerusalem"

I II~- -o!§{ By WILLIAM A. RICH, Lawrence, Massachusetts A YOUNG friend of mine, who as a grammar were appreciative and responsive, and my joy was school boy, graduated while he was actually heightened greatly by their own simple profession two years behind in his requirements. A of faith in Christ, after their youngsters had at- friendly principal "saw to it" that he "got by." tended a few weeks, and had brought home mes- He has taken physics and chemistry in an evening sages from their consecrated teachers.

school, without the necessary foundation or be- Seeing a greater field wherein I might serve sev- ginnings, and has had to abruptly abandon his eral churches, as well as the groups to whom the further education. He intended to become a me- Gospel was made available, I made my plan known chanical engineer. Chances are he will be only a to several pastors. One at once grasped the idea laborer. and asked his Young People's Society to choose a Is there not a spiritual parallel which most so- young man to help distribute Christian literatur~ called religious educational programs fail to recog- on Sunday afternoons. This youth, in his second nize? How can a dead person receive instruction year of high school, was a stranger to me, but w~ or training? In religious education, to have value came quickly to understand each other and for al- of abiding and fruit-bearing qualities, a new birth most a year and a half we went once a month to must be experienced before one is prepared to re- the homes and institutions, confessing our faith ceive even the best seed. in Christ, handing out suitable literature and not In 1921, I began at my "Jerusalem""":':"which is forgetting children's needs for good stories. This my home city-by simple personal efforts to reacll youth made a full surrender, dedicating his life to several language groups living near my church, the Christian ministry and is now preparing for whose children were spiritually neglected. In his chosen calling. , about three weeks with the help of a cooperative Another pastor found a promising young mart teacher, I had the pleasure of seeing thirty-five who occupied a responsible position and seemed children enroll as regular attendants. Parents settled for his life's ambitions. After some1llOnths

cooperating with me, God spoke. He gave up his sensible, sober-thinking youth whose aspirations fine prospects in commercial life and is now in are heavenward, who in the depths of their hearts college preparing for the Gospel ministry. desire honestly to take their part in building the Two more have indicated their desire, as soon Kingdom whose values are not measured in terms as finances permit, to go to school with the view of worldly pleasure.

of engaging in Christian life work. Religious edu- In his young manhood the great evangelist, cation that omits personal evangelism in practice Dwight L. Moody, was a stranger in a city "at Jerusalem"-where we live-is a .poor substi- church. After becoming a regular attendant he tute for the Holy Spirit's enduement. Most decided to hire a whole pew and make an effort to churches have no aspirants among their youth for fill every seat in the pew. He succeeded and sev- Christian service higher than money-raising ef- eral of his guests became regular in their attend- forts. The secularization of youth's church ac- ance. A committee, yes, or an individual, with- tivities is nothing less than an abomination in out appointment by any society, can successfully many places. We would express horror if a par- undertake a similar venture almost anywhere.

ent insisted upon the amputation of a child's arm Initiative is not given to all young or old but where because of flabby muscles when the physician says spirit is low, let pastor or church officer suggest that all the child needs is proper nourishment and a move of such nature, even if team work and exercise. If the pastor or church would promote competition of teams may be involved.

missions, let not "Jerusalem" – the home field A class in personal evangelism conducted weekly where we live-be overlooked. As a self-appointed at the parsonage or in homes of some of the mem- recruiting committee, I decided to use my ordinary bers may teach how to win souls by putting into opportunities to bring one family a week into con- practice what they learn from the lives of eminent tact with my church. In six weeks five families soul-winners. But here, as in other lines, we shall responded. These all lived in the district where I have to use our own, not another's, talents as lived, and where my church was located. God's spirit shall inspire and direct. If your Since my voluntary activities from the early church would produce a group of soul-winners, its days of my Christian experience have put me youth must have more secure foundations.

under further obligation, because of the joys I There are wonderful opportunities for Gospel must share or lose, I must in all earnestness ap- tract distribution. One inexpensive slip of print peal to pastors and church officers to raise the was used for the salvation of an Italian acquaint- standard of service which you are calling upon ance in my home city. He then sent the message youth to render. No organization can do more for to his brother in the homeland, and later recited youth than the church. In many places young with great joy the message from the absent people see nothing in the challenge which the brother whose heart was warmed when he yielded Church offers. The Church caters too much to to the same Christ. Tracts in many languages the whims and fancies and thrills Which unregen- will be sent for postage if desired languages are erate youth are ambitious to grasp. This insults specified.

SOME PECULIARITIES OF SOUTH AMERICA Winter comes in at the time of the North American summer and autumn comes in April and May. The north wind is hot and the south wind is cold.

In many cities hovels crowd on palaces, and costly motor cars jostle donkeys and choke narrow streets.

Natives speak their own language with a foreign accent, and people and plants seem like strange transplanted things that have taken on queer forms in the new soil. Blue eyes are set in swarthy faces, fat, fair features flash brilliant tropic smiles; shining black orbs peer out of rosy fair complexions.

Exiled oak trees in Argentina and Chile, in despair at the topsy-turvy seasons, put out buds on one side while on the other their leaves turn brown and shudder in an antarctic gale.

Straw hats are often worn with thick fur coats; houses may be floored with marble, while streets are paved with wood. .

The mixture of races has practically obliterated the color line.

Indian or African blood do not stand in the way of intermarriage or of social and polit- ical ambitions.

of the Gospel in Latin

By BISHOP GEORGE A. MILLER, Balboa Methodist Episcopal Church C HRISTIAN missions in most Latin Amer- a once-a-month visit from a native pastor. This ican countries are entering upon a new seems commonplace enough. But wait! The epoch of great significance. The early days rough dances have ceased. Dishonesty has greatof missionary occupation are finished. In places ly abated, and any member of the church who where there were a dozen or two of missionaries secretly has one wife too many is condemned. A one or two or five now remain. The fruits of our new moral standard of decency has been set up planting and planning and praying are now vis- for the whole region. That country district can ible, trained natives are in practically all admin- never be the same again, but you cannot tell istrative positions, and are doing well. things like that in statistics.

Twenty years ago the idea still prevailed among There is a mission farm of nearly 4,000 acres, missionary secretaries that "The educational ap- where an agricultural school, an experimental sta- proach is most effective in Latin America." Ev- tion, a varied farm production, a series of primary angelical schools have done well, though too often schools, a good church, four Sunday schools, a they have tended chiefly toward good educational night school, a Men's Club and Women's Society, output with a high moral content and "good Eng- a social hall and organized athletic program min- lish," that open sesame everywhere. Today the ister to the 300 resident working people of the work of the organized churches, with emphasis farm and five hundred more in the district. One on effective religious education, is increasingly can get a few statistics out of this case, such as influential and these churches are coming to larg- the marriage one Sunday of 19 couples when most er measure of self-support and missionary activ- of them brought their big children as witnesses.

ity. Children are growing up and they are giving We can record the conversion of more than half a good account of themselves. of the people on the farm, the setting of new Latin American missions have always been at standards in athletic sports for the young men a disadvantage in comparison with other fields and women, the preparation of expert agricultural where the peoples are in strong contrasts with the leaders in the technical secondary school, the pro- homeland in dress, customs, religion and manner duction of new and better crops, and leadership of life. Most South Americans dress and live as in neighborhood improvement enterprises. And we do and many possess a culture and charm that so the list might grow, including sanitation and put some of us to shame. the improved housing of the people under more The results of missions in Latin America have decent living conditions.

not usually offered first page publicity material There are plenty of spectacular instances that because of the normality of what is being done. make capital stories. I know of three men, sepa- The more spectacular a story, the sooner it must rated by at least 1,500 miles, in three directions be marketed and consumed before it becomes who have each gone out without support of any stale. The permanent, climate-changing work of kind and have won converts and founded churches the evangelical movement, both in Christian edu- as apostolically as anything described in the Acts.

cation and in evangelism, do not show in any form But these are not the most significant things that of statistics yet invented. I know a neighborhood are happening. All over these lands a new moral in a lovely valley, where ten years ago no mis- tone is evident. The Roman Church is improving sionary had ever been. Concubinage was general its methods and slowly cleaning up its morals.

and respectable. Neighborhood dances were New standards of domestic decency, commercial drunken orgies. Dishonesty was prevalent. Then morality, educational open-mindedness and indus- one man came into possession of a Bible. He read trial justice are being established by the steady it through, gathered up a little money and made a and unspectaCUlar release of spiritual life and the week's journey to get more light. Then he re- unanswerable evidence of changed men and wom- turned to do what he could for his family and en who were once morally blind but now see. Re- neighbors. Work thus begun has gone on there newed life carries its own credentials, becomes until now there is a small home-built chapel, and self-extending and registers in remote regions [29 ]

where no records are kept and publicity stories Evangelical missions have also had a vast influare not published. ence in promoting better understanding between the Americans of the North and South. No other The investment by the churches of North interpreter has so sympathetically understood the America of men and money in Latin America has best in each nor so helpfully worked toward the been small in comparison with that sent to other elimination of race prejudice and that antipathy lands, but the returns have been out of all pro- that grows out of ignorance. We need missionary portion to the life and dollars used in the work. specialists, not merely in education, leadership What might have been accomplished had a really training and other technical activities, but also adequate staff of workers and support been sup- in the promotion of good will among men. We plied to, these American republics, where the same need a few well-equipped schools for the training tides of new-world life flow as those that wash of national leaders, and those schools must be our own social shores! thoroughly and unblushingly Christian. We need especially the continued help of Christians in One of the most transforming results of evan- North America in the confident faith that if reagelical missions is the widespread movement sonable missionary help can be continued for a few among the women. In nearly all denominations, years more, these vigorous young churches will the women have been organized, under one name stand on their own feet, and as one of their leador another, into what usually comes to a combina- ers has said, will "take our share in the evantion of Ladies' Aid Society, Women's Study Club gelizing of the rest of the world, alongside of our and Missionary Society. The results have trans- brothers in North America." formed most of the churches and the lives of thousands of women have been uplifted.

Social and Religious Problems in Chile I -e{ 'By PEDRO ZOTTELE, Santiago, Chile I)ie- SOUTH AMERICA is again becoming a battle- that the sword has not been efficient in solving field. Each country is shaken by strong the pending problems. Other methods must be waves of restlessness – extreme nationalism sought. Will these countries look for peaceful and agitation for social-economic welfare. The methods or will they again resort to violence? governments are facing grave problems. As a general rule, their administrative programs do not The world-wide economic depression has been recognize the confused but genuine aspirations of disastrous for most of these countries. They are the masses. Their programs reflect only the in- suffering from a depreciated currency; salaries terests of the classes which have dominated the have not been increased in spite of the fact that organized national life for nearly a century. prices have gone up; the cost of food and the housing are the nightmare of the masses desirous Armed revolutions have taken place in most of of economic progress. Pauperism is worse in the countries in South America to establish the those countries most highly industrialized, where rights of those deprived of earthly benefits. production has been according to the old concep- "What interests us in these commotions," says tions of economy, and where over-production, the review America (published in Quito), "is not under-consumption and unfavorable exportations what general may have been executed by the have created the unavoidable problem of unemorders of some other general, but what is the des- ployment. tiny of the cane-cutter in Cuba, the coffee-planter in Brazil, the peon on the Argentine'stock farm, Poverty has been a means of increasing sickthe miner in Peru, the grape-cultivator in Chile; nesses due to under-nutrition, lack of hygiene and in a word, what interests us is the destiny of the poor housing. Plague, in Chile, in the last two proletariat." years, has caused the death of over eight thou- sand persons, while tuberculosis has attacked al- But, after ten years, most of the countries which ready over two hundred thousand persons, givexperienced such commotions are in the same ing this country the world's record! condition as before, or even worse. There is still political corruption, economic suffering and very It is true that most of the countries in South marked social divisions. It has been discovered America have written in their constitutions that education is the primary responsibility of the

SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS PROBLEMS IN CHILE

State. Nevertheless, there is a very slow prog- 400 years has not been beneficial to the oppressed ress in the eradication of ignorance, because the peoples. It has been presented as an ecclesiastical, budgets for education receive secondary atten- ritualistic and legalistic system. It has always tion. The first place is always accorded to the supported the status quo. It has fed the people military defense of the nation and the adminis- with "other-worldly" aspirations only and has trative budget. Teachers are poorly paid and made it emphatic that religion is very essential they become enemies of the educational authori- for dying well. For the poor, it has this, renunties and of the State which treats them unfavor- ciation; for the well-to-do, indifference. The· ably. The wave of discontentment against the dominant church (Roman Catholic) has been government is thus being fostered by teachers silent when the poor and oppressed have adand students. Child labor is abolished in letter dressed her for help. They have found her albut not in actual practice; economic ills have ways ·on the side of the dominant powers and conobliged thousands of students to go to work so stantly in opposition to their most cherished that culture has been clipped. The problem of the ideals. campesino, or the worker in the agricultural sections, is desperate. The inquilinos are real slaves When, in the Congress of one South American of the farm owners. They receive no instruction; country, legislation was proposed making primary their houses are very primitive, and poorly venti- education obligatory the representatives of the lated. In Chile, an agricultural country, where Roman Catholic political party fought against it. about one million people depend directly on the One of them declared in Congress: "We are land, many workers receive a daily wage of only against this law, because we are against rebellion. ten cents gold, plus a plate of beans and a hard Education of the peon simply means that we would piece of bread. be contributing to the rebellion of the workers." The Catholic Church remained silent! Alcoholism exerts one of the most pernicious influences in these republics. Created interests The same can be said regarding the fight against have always ignored the aims and demands con- liquor. The forces of the dominant church have nected with the salvation of the race. The river been against control of this deadly foe of human of alcohol has been given free license; public bars lives. In some countries the producers of the are popular; the fact that the 18th Amendment strongest wines are members of that church. was defeated in the United States has made it difficult to impress public opinion in favor of es- The present energetic battle for a more social tablishing dry zones. In Chile, a few years ago, order find that church in open opposition to the there was a very strong movement in favor of masses which compose the majority of the popsuch zones but the Minister of Finance fought it ulation. The laboring classes see in the Church on the ground that the country needed the revenue the symbol of opposition to all which involves sofrom the alcoholic traffic. He secured a wider cial and economic welfare. After years of struglicense for liquor and declared officially that beer gle the labor leaders and their followers have deis not alcoholic. Officially, beer contains no al- cided that the liberation from their shackles lies cohol, but the people get drunk on it. Strong in their own hands. drink is very productive of venereal diseases and in Chile medical statistics report nearly a million The Evangelical Church has been helping forpeople suffering from these diseases. ward every reform tending to the welfare of the people. This has been more true in recent years Communism has entered South Amer:ica as a when the Evangelical movement has sought to "new gospel." It promises a time when all eco- solve the urgent problems of the hour. There renomic, social and educational ills will disappear mains a great deal to be done and the grave quesand so has attracted the attention of the masses tion is this: How far will the Evangelical Church who are neglected by the established governments. cooperate in endeavoring to transform the pres- Communism has won many sections by the affir- ent structure of society? mation that in curing the economic ills all the others will be cured. Communism offers salva- The interpretation of the principles of Christ tion here and now with the result that the masses must be applied to the.social as well as to the inof the underfed, u n e m plo ye d and sickness- dividual life. The more youthful Evangelical stricken, exhausted by prolonged suffering, em- preachers and lay leaders consider that the Gosbrace the new social and economic movements. It pel of Jesus Christ contains the happy solution seems that their whole attention is set upon ma- for all the critical social, economic, national and terial interests. spiritual problems which the countries of South America are facing. It must be remembered that the prevailing type of religion preached on this continent for nearly With that faith in the heart, the Gospel of Christ is being introduced into the heart of the great masses which have wandered as sheep without a shepherd.

Evangelization of

By PROF. JOHN C. GRANBERY -t&f Formerly of Brazil,. Now Professor in Southwestern University, . – Georgetown, Texas N o SUBJECT is discussed in Protestant Bahia until 1881. Now Baptists have 427 churches circles in Brazil as much as evangelization. with 34,358 members, every State being occupied.

The Bishop of the Methodist Church in The Protestant Episcopal Church which began Brazil, the first Brazilian Bishop ever elected by work in 1890 now has 32 churches, all in the south any Protestant Church, Cesar Dacorso Filho, except one in the Amazon Valley, with 3,430 hastened to give evangelism the first place on his members.

program. Sermons, addresses, and articles in the The Salvation Army entered Brazil in 1922. religious papers declare that evangelization is the The Assemblies of God, largely under Swedish Church's first and most important duty. And yet missionaries, are represented especially in northhow seldom the subject is comprehensively ern Brazil. The Seventh-Day Adventists are in treated! Often there are generalizations and the center and the southern part of the country. platitudes, or some one aspect only of the subject Anglican and German churches are not strictly is considered. missionary agencies working among Brazilians in This phase of mission work is given its rightful Portuguese. place in "The Republic of Brazil: A Survey of A map giving the distribution of Evangelical the Religious Situation," by Erasmo Braga and churches in 1930 indicates that every State is rep- Kenneth G. Grubb, published by the World Do- resented, centers of population being followed.

minion Press in 1932. There are included very There are 1,358 churches with 135,390 members. valuable maps and carefully compiled statistics. Anglican, German Evangelical, Lutheran, and Any study of the subject must be made with a Oriental communions are not included in these knowledge of the history of Protestant missions figures. Including the Independent Presbyterians, and with a map of Brazil. who have never had financial dependence upon a It is nearly one hundred years since Protestant foreign board, the most numerous body is the missionary work was begun in Brazil. The Meth- Presbyterian, with 45,550 members. Then come odist Episcopal Church sent the Rev. Fountain E. the Baptists, who, both in and out of the "Conven- Pitts to Rio de Janeiro in 1835 to look the ground tion," number 41,190 members. Braga and Grubb over, and after he had made a favorable report, estimate that "the Christian community, reprethe Rev. R. Justin Spaulding was sent to open the sented by the Evangelical churches, is in excess of work in 1836. He was reenforced by three others. 400,000." Elsewhere in their book they claim that This work was suspended at the close of 1841, with Anglicans, Germans, and inquirers, the but was resumed in 1876 by the Rev. J. J. Ransom. Protestant constituency amounts to about a mil- Today the Methodist Episcopal Church in Brazil lion, or one to forty~one of the population. is credited with 15,480 members and 122 churches. No single church or group of churches seems to In 1855, Dr. Robert Reid KaIley, Scottish phy- have a well-considered, systematic plan for the sician, landed in Rio, and in 1858 organized a evangelization of all Brazil. The Presbyterians Congregational church looking to no foreign board are working toward a definite policy. Erasmo for help. There are 31 of these churches, on or Braga said that the occupation of gaps and of the near the coast, with 3,430 members. vast hinterland is at present "a missionary and Ashbel Green Simonton, of the Presbyterian not a national task," by which he meant that the Church, came to Rio in 1859, and in 1862 the first work must- be done by foreign missionaries and Presbyterian church in Rio was organized. To- not by the Brazilian national churches. Certain day there are 251 churches, fairly well distributed it is that on the present lines the national churches over Brazil, with 32,622 members. are incapable of the task. Even if they should In 1859 the Baptists sent a minister to look get together, as there is now a disposition to do, things over, but as he was not favorably im- removing overlapping and friction, merging conpressed. Real missionary work did not begin in gregations, and dividing the field, there is yet no [32 ] indication that the Evangelical forces on the field Friends or Heralds of Jesus, who would go forth, are ready to undertake seriously and systemati- possibly in New Testament style two and tW.o, cally the evangelization of the whole country. living by the h.ospitality of the communities vis- Equally remote is the likelihood that the Foreign ited, teaching school, or by other employment, in MissiDn Boards of North America, either singly the spirit of the New Testament Christians, of or together, will take over the job. The northern the preaching orders of the later Middle Ages, Presbyterians appear to be giving the matter the and .of the pioneer Methodists of the United most serious consideration. States. This venture calls for a breadth of vi- sion and depth of consecration. There seem two possibilities: First, an awaken- ing of greater interest in the United States. If, One fundamental question in this connection then, the evangelization of Brazil is to be seriously has not yet been considered and is practically enterprised, let the foreign missionary withdraw ignored in discussions, namely, the meaning of from the areas already occupied, except fDr spe- evangelization. In many places only one class of cial, educatiDnal, and institutional work, leaving people has been reached; organized labor, the that field to the national churches. All the efforts upper middle classes, the academic element and of the missionary will then be directed toward the the so-called "intellectuals" have hardly been areas still unevangelized. In any case, this seems touched. Comparison in numbers with some past period is often made, but certain factDrs are over- toO me desirable. A sentiment .of intense natiDnal- looked. The population of Brazil one hundred years ago, when missi.onary work was begun, was ism has seized the Brazilian people, who have so probably not over seven or eight millions; today long been considered exceptionally hospitable to there are forty-two millions. Still more signifi- the foreigner. Fortunately all the large denom- cant is the growing complexity .of the situation. inational groups have been nationalized, and they Then there were no CDmmunists and Fascists. are capable .of running themselves at least as well To mean anything evangelization must now ap- as anybody else. The existence side by side of a proximate something like what Kagawa means f.oreign missionary on an ample salary in Amer- by the Kingdom of God movement. Neither mis- ican dollars, and the poorly paid Brazilian sionaries nor Brazilian Evangelicals have been preacher, is unwholesome. In my judgment, the willing, to any considerable extent, to face the . time has come when the FDreign Mission Boards facts of our modern world, and give hospitality should withdraw financial subsidies from these to these larger conceptions. independent Brazilian churches. . From the beginning one of the most powerful The second possibility is s.o remote that I hesi- agencies of evangelization has been the work of tate to mention it. The national churches have the Bible Societies. The statistics of the churches not the resources to send out well-equipped and were for the year 1930, and only relatively repre- well-paid workers to evangelize their people. But sent the present situation. Another fact of prime should there come to them a vision, a baptism of importance is that there are a few young Brazilian fire, a spirit of evangelical devoti.on, the forces Evangelicals who are alive to the situation and already on the field could accomplish the evan- eager to do something about it. At present they gelization of the country. The converted priest are somewhat appalled by the enormity of the Jose Man.oel da C.onceigao, .ordained a Presby- task, and paralyzed by the seemingly impenetrable terian minister in 1865, went out with Bible and wall of conservatism that confronts them; but medicine chest but without money, proclaiming they may yet surmount all difficulties and take the the gDod news. He was stoned and beaten and leadership in a forward march. after 'seven years, died .on Christmas Day, 1873. I have suggested the formati.on of a group .of the A GREAT MISSIONARY'S AMBITION William Carey listed the following guiding points for himself and his colleagues in the missionary enterprise: 1. To set an infinite value on human souls. 2. To abstain from whatever deepens India's prejudice against the Gospel. 3. To watch for every chance of doing good to the people. 4. To preach Christ as the means of conversions. 5. To esteem and treat Indians always as our equals. 6. To guard and build up the "hosts that may be gathered." 7. To labor incessantly in Biblical translation. 8. To be instant in the nurture of personal religion. 9. To give ourselves without reserve to the cause, not counting even the clothes we wear our own.

Evangelism in

By FRANK RAWLINSON, D.D., Shanghai, China Editor of "The Chinese Recorder"

"COOPERATIVE Evangelism" was the key- able to. SUPPo.rt a pastor and woman wo.rker. Such note of the Natio.nal Christian Co.uncilof workers should have at least a middle school edu- China at its spring meeting. This Coun- cation before taking special ministerial training. cil represents Evangelical Christians in fourteen One important feature of the wo.rk will be the provinces, representing fourteen church bodies, training and supervision of lay wDrkers, who. are and nine natio.nal organizations which include to be trained under village cDnditions. There about fifty-eight per cent of the PrDtestants in must be closer cooperation between theological China. Miss Wu Yi-fang, President of Ginling seminaries and churches. These centripetal mDves Women's College, Nanking, is chairman of the help to put more creative thinkers into Christian Council. service.

For over a quarter of a century certain natiDnal Rural reconstruction is one Df the movements Christian organizations have had a centrifugal in China which tends to compete with the church tendency. Recently a centripetal tendency has for its leadership. Mr. Fu-liang Chang, Rural taken its place. The China Christian Educational Secretary of the China Christian CDuncil, has re- Association and the Council on Medical Missions signed to devote his time to. rural rehabilitation of the Chinese Medical Association are now com- in Kiangsi under the NatiDnal Economic Council.· missions of the National Christian Council, re- Through .the last twenty-two years Christian taining their autonomy, at least for the present, cooperation in China has moved forward in while their staffs confer and their budgets are set strength and scope of program, but the Protestant up conjointly. Such a realignment of the Chris- movement tends to move in two. sections. The tian forces comes from a changed Christian atti- centripetal cooperative move hopes to bring them tude. Moving in the same centripetal direction closer together and find a program that will ap- the Council also appointed a "Commission on the peal to youth and open up to the organized its Life and Work of the Churches," to. be composed rightful place in the building of the new China. mainly of church administrators who will seek to There has also. been growth in the Christian co- tap more fully the thinking of the churches so as operative purpose in China. Before the Shanghai more effectively to influence the cooperative work Missionary CDnference of 1907 cooperation was of the Council. functional and resulted in the production of the The organized church is at present the weakest Bible in Chinese and in commentaries, and other part of the Christian Movement in China. During specific pieces of work. At that Conference the the last twenty-two years hospitals have gone for- cooperative purpose of the church took two forms: ward and Christian schools have largely increased denominational integration and regional councils their enrollment but during the same period the with doctrinal as well as functional bonds. The number of those preparing for the ministry has first went forward; the second expired. The decreased 31.2 per. cent. The appeal of the China Continuation Committee was organized on churches to youth-especially educated youth- the functional basis with tacit agreement on a has weakened. Without new blood the future of "zone of common ideas" (never formulated), and the organized church is imperiled. The Council toleration of doctrinal differences which were did not recommend at present any new youth or- more and more excluded from cooperative discusganization but decided to approach the youth sion. The National Christian Council has gone problem cooperatively through a "National Con- forward on this basis and in its present planning sultation of their representatives." One great dif- the major emphasis heads up in a cooperative ficulty is that of providing Christian leadership evangelism which aims to meet the needs of the for rural churches.. Groups of viIIagechurches- who.le of life… There is. tpday a greater oppor- each village is to have its own fellowship-should tunity than ever before to. lead the Christian be organized into. parishes of abo.ut three hundred, forces fo.rward in society-wide evangelism.

[34 ]

SIGN OF EVANGELICAL PROGRESS IN THE PHILIPPINES; SILLIMAN UNIVERSITY AT

The Pageant of the Philippines By the REV. CHARLES R. HAMILTON, D.D., -ot§f Manila, P. I;, 1907- President of the Union Theological Seminary, Manila THESE are days pregnant with great possi- erns the status of the masses. The people have bilities for the Philippine Islands. A people no important political rights. There is no unify- of fourteen millions have just entered upon a ing tongue but a large number of dialects so difnew period with the inauguration of the Common- ferent that they amount to separate languages.

wealth. The history leading up to this point may Spanish is spoken by only a very small percentage be divided into stages which can be envisioned as of the people, the official and wealthy classes.

the progress of a pageant, in five acts. Scarcely any highways exist for social and com- I. The curtain rises on May 1, 1898. At the mercial convenience and there are only seventy- rear of the stage there is a dim light. It repre- five miles of railway. There is no religious free- sents the Spanish period from 1565 to 1898. The dom. It is a crime to own or read the Bible. The conditions in that half light are seen as character- 'Roman Catholic friars dictate the policy both of ized by ignorance, with no system of public schools Church and State. On September 30, 1896, Jose for the children beyond those where the RomanB.izal, the greatest of the Filipinos, said by many Catholic catechism and prayers have the largest historians to have been the greatest of the Malay emphasis and where the attendance is extremely race, is led out to the field of Bagumbayam, Ma- meagre. Superstition holds the people in its grip. 'nila, and shot to death by the firing squad, the Pestilence and plague hover over the Islands.. Eco- work of the government directed by the unseen nomic oppression prevails.. A social serfdomgov- hand of the Church. Rizal's novels, "Noli Me [35 ]

Tangere" and "EI Filibusterismo," picture the sit- Hon. William H. Taft, Secretary of War under uation of that day. President Theodore Roosevelt, has arrived to rep- May 1, 1898, shows the Spanish fleet in Cavite resent the United States Government in this im- harbor in Manila Bay, with Commodore George portant function. With him on the good ship Dewey leading the Asiatic battle fleet of ,the "Minnesota" traveled three young married cou- United States navy – an episode in the Spanish ples, just appointed as missionaries by the Presby- American War. The engagement is brief, but de- terian Board – Dr. and Mrs. Robert Carter, Dr.

cisive. The Spanish ships are afire and the sailors and Mrs. George W. Dunlap, and the writer and dying, while for the American force, the victory his wife. Dr. Carter gave seven years of splendid is almost bloodless. The American flag is raised medical service and died in 1919. Dr. and Mrs.

over this Far Eastern' archipelago to become the Dunlap, after doing an outstanding work among new symbol of sovereignty. the students during twenty-seven and a half years, II. The curtain rises again four years later- have retired from the service. The writer and his wife gave twenty-ope years of service in Laguna on July 4, 1902. President Theodore Roosevelt Province, Mrs. Hamilton in medical work and the has just proclaimed at an end the Filipino insur- writer in evangelistic service, then two years in rection against American arms. Through mis- educational work as Acting President of Silliman understanding between General Emilio Aguinaldo Institute, now Silliman University, in Dumaguete and United States representatives, the former pro- and since then as President of Union Theological claimed an independent Filipino Republic and de- Seminary in Manila. fied the authority of the American Government, hostilities having broken out between the insur- The scene shows the people of the Philippines gents and the American troops in the early part gradually led along in the paths of citizenship, of 1899 and continuing for two years under electing their Mayors and Town Councils, and two Aguinaldo. His capture broke the backbone of of the officials of their Provincial Boards. The the rebellion, but in various localities the insur- establishment of the various departments of a gents kept up the fight a year longer during which civil government directly touch the life of the peo- time the civil government with William H. Taft, ple. Public schools have been established on a as the first civil governor, exercised control over scale covering the Archipelago. Hundreds of the provinces where civil government had been American school teachers are in service. The Bu- established. The military governor continued in reau of Public Works has built numerous high- charge of the remaining provinces until they were ways in practically all of the provinces and has duly organized and transferred to civil control. dug artesian wells to supply water for the people.

This scene shows not only government officials The Public Health Service has grappled cour- from America coming to take part in the new de- ageously, and with a large measure of success, velopments, but a group of missionaries led by with disease epidemics such as smallpox, cholera Dr. and Mrs. James B. Rodgers, the first duly ap- and plague.

pointed missionaries of any evangelical church to It is a great day when the members of the first the Philippines. They were transferred from Philippine Assembly, chosen by the electorate of Brazil after eight years of service there by the their country, come together, conscious that they Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. The have been charged with the responsibility of mak- stream of missionaries becomes a river flowing in ing laws for their people. They go seriously about with the personnel and equipment of the larger their tasks. Men who later become outstanding evangelical bodies of American churches – Pres- political leaders are in that first Assembly. Its byterian, Methodist, Congregational, Baptist, first speaker is a young man from Cebu, the Hon.

United Brethren, Disciples, Protestant Episcopal, Sergio Osmena. The Assembly chooses as the first Christian Missionary Alliance – the beginning of resident commissioner to Washington, the Hon.

a work which has coursed down through the years Manuel Quezon, who has risen step by step to of this epochal generation. In a true sense the political power, and is now the acknowledged mas- work of the American Government has also been ter of Philippine politics.

missionary in leading and training and developing IV. The curtain again rises in 1916. The the people for a higher type of political, social and scene is the inauguration of the Philippine Senate, economic living, while the missionaries of the the Upper House of the Philippine Legislature, Cross have gone on calling the people to life in taking the place of the Philippine Commission. Christ, establishing churches and· relating them In 1914, the writer sat in the gallery of the to world-wide Christendom. House of Representatives in Washington and lis- III. Again the curtain lifts-October 16, 1907. tened to Mr. Quezon discuss the Jones Bill provid- The inauguration of the first Philippine Assembly, ing for the establishment of the Philippine Senate the Lower House of the Philippine Legislature. as the next step in the extension of autonomy to

19836] THE PAGEANT OF THE PHILIPPINES

the Filipino people. While Mr. Quezon's English ization of the evangelical mISSSIIOons, assigned to was not as good as it is today, one was impressed each mission its particular territory and this prinwith his courage and ability in debate, even when ciple of division of territory has characterized the hectored by such eminent and veteran leaders as work of the missions and the churches ever since. Representative Mann of Massachusetts and others. The Jones Bill was passed by Congress and be- V. Now the curtain rises for the last time– came the organic law of the Islands, a further November 15, 1935. Over the radio waves comes step in the new era of political development. The the program of the most significant event that has scene shows Governor-General Francis Burton ever happened in the Philippines, the establish- Harrison, sent out by President Woodrow Wilson ment of the Philippine Commonwealth and the into speed up participation in the government by auguration of its first President, Hon. Manuel Filipinos and their investment with authority and Quezon and the Vice-President, Hon. Sergio O08sresponsibility as rapidly and widely as conditions mena, two able leaders who were elected twentywould allow. His regime covers the period of the eight years ago to that first Philippine Assembly, most extensive FiIlipinization of the government. the latter made the Speaker and the former hav- The manner and speed of bringing this about has ing been the first Resident Commissioner to Washbeen severely criticized, but it placed the Filipinos ington. The scene shows the Vice-President of in a much larger control of their own affairs than the United States, John N. Garner, the Secretary ever before. During this period we see the Filipinos taking positions as judges in the provincial Courts of First Instance, also filling four of the nine places on the bench of the Supreme Court.

Filipino teachers in the public schools increase in great numbers. Automobile highways continue to be widely extended. Many new miles of railroad are constructed. Health conditions improve. Dev- astating epidemics come under as complete con- trol as in the United States. The whole standard of living is raised. The demand for independence becomes stronger and louder.

During this period we see the evangelical churches growing in numbers and strength. The missions have established schools and hospitals throughout the Archipelago, which stretches 1,200 THE DIA BROTHERS-PRODUCTS OF E1VANGIDLICAL miles from north to south and 600 miles from east MISSION WORK to west, with a land area of 114 square miles, equal Leonardo (Th.B.), Leon (B.S.E .) and Severo (B.S.E.) to the area of New York State and the six New of War, George H. Dern, and forty-six American England States combined. These islands are esti- Congressmen and Senators representing the mated to be capable of supporting a population of United States Government at this inaugural cere- between sixty million and sixty-five million. The mony. They bear the congratulations and good Government Health Service has inaugurated hos- wishes of the President of the United States and pitals in most of the provinces, while the mission of the American people for a happy and success- hospitals not only minister to the body, but bring ful issue of the final autonomous step of the Philip- healing to the soul. The outstanding educational pine people preceding the establishment of the institution of higher learning, other than the Gov- Philippine Republic ten years hence, as the Inde- ernment University, is Silliman Institute, as it pendence Bill provides.

was called for thirty-four years, but is now Silli- Hardly any event in history is quite like this in man University, located at Dumaguete on the its significance.

Island of Negros. Its alumni have gone out to Since 1914 no less than ten special commissions every province and have taken places of trust and have been sent from the Philippines to Washing- responsibility in Government service, in commer- ton, knocking at the doors of Congress and ask- cial pursuits, in law, medicine, teaching, the min- ing for independence. At the first these Commis- istry and in other useful occupations. The Philip- sions were inclined to be peremptory and defiant.

pine Sunday School Union, later the Philippine In recent years they have become less caustic, Council of Christian Education, has been estab- more respectful and voicing their desires with exlished, and out of the Sunday schools orggaanniizzeedd. pressions of gratitude and appreciation for what in many barrios strong churches have grown. In America has done in the Philippines. The tenth the early days the Evangelical Union, an organ- Commission was headed by Mr. Quezon, then

President of the Philippine Senate, and was suc- and the former American Governor-General, Hon.

cessful in bringing about the passage of the Frank Murphy, has become the first American Tydings-McDuffie bill containing the plan for the High Commissioner to the Philippines. After the ten-year period of the Commonwealth, to be suc- continuance of the Commonwealth for ten years, ceeded by the Republic. This was signed on and the adoption of certain amendments by the March 24, 1934, by President Franklin D. Roose- Commonwealth Government, the Philippine Re- velt. Upon the return of the Quezon Commission public is to be ushered in in 1946 or 1947. Thus, to Manila on April 30th, the welcome given them after thirty-six years, the United States has ful- was the largest, most enthusiastic ever tendered filled her pledge, uttered at first by President Wil- such a group of returning political leaders on liam McKinley, that the United States was tak- Philippine shores. The address of Mr. Quezon was ing over the Philippines not to exploit, but to fit given in Tagalog and English on the Luneta in and train the people for self-government. AI- response to the program of welcome. He ex- though the action of Congress in passing the Inde- pressed the gratitude of the Filipinos to the United pendence measure was not motivated wholly by States and endeavored to impress upon the peo- altruism, but was influenced largely by the in- pIe in a sober, practical way, a sense of the great sistent demands of partisan industrial groups in responsibility about to be accepted by them and the United States, yet much of. the spirit that pre- the need of unity in spirit and effort. vailed in Congress looked mainly to the benefit of On the next day, May 1st, the thirty-sixth an- the Filipino people. There the action stands niversary of the Battle of Manila Bay, the Philip- taken before the whole world, as the one instance pine Legislature met in a special joint session to in history of a sovereign nation voluntarily grant- consider the approval of the Tydings-McDuffie In- ing freedom to its colonial possession. "The event dependence Act. It was the great privilege of the is in the hand of God."

writer to be present at that momentous hour in This brief outline of progress does not tell the Philippine history. President Quezon of the Sen- story of the gradual growth and development ate presided. As he brought down his gavel at the which has taken place in things which mean an appointed time, the Chamber became quiet and improved civilization. Probably in no country in expectant. It was a memorable moment. The the world has there been witnessed such strides resolution for the acceptance of the Tydings-Mc- in a like period of time as in the Philippines.

Duffie bill was read and an opportunity was given These improvements include a system of public for discussion, but there was no debate. The ques- school education from primary school to state uni- tion was passed by a unanimous vote. Mr. Quezon versity, with education absorbing 30 per cent of then delivered an address in English, dwelling on the national budget; a complete system of judi- the gravity of the occasion and the solemnity of ciary from Justice of the Peace to the Supreme the hour. He summoned the people and the legis- Court; a coordinating system of municipal, pro- lators to their best thought and highest endeavor vincial and national governments; an ever-ex- in working out the problems immediately before panding system of railroads and metalled high- them. Mr. Osmena addressed the Legislature in ways; a modern health and sanitation service; a Spanish in much the same vein. constantly improving water transportation; a A new era had begun. The formal relations of radio service including radio telephone giving in- the Filipino and American people had been stant communication with the world outside; an changed. Heretofore the Filipinos had entered efficient and up-to-date postal service; airways and traveled freely in the United States; from with regular schedule between chief cities and fur- now on the quota regulations governing the immi- nishing special transportation on occasion to all gration of foreigners are to be enforced for the parts of the Islands and the Trans-Pacific Clipper Philippines, with the quota fixed at fifty per Service from San Francisco via Honolulu, Mid- annum. A United States Vice-Consul has been way, Wake and Guam now in regular operation; : ppointed to superintend matters in connection industries such as sugar, coconut, tobacco, cordage with Filipino emigration to the United States. fiber and lumber, which, developed to an alleged The Rubicon had been crossed. A few weeks after dangerous point of competition in the United this memorable day, the delegates were elected to States markets with American domestic indus- the Constitutional Convention; that Convention, tries, have accelerated from the American .side after continuing in session for about six months, Philippine independence; a gold mining industry adopted a Constitution which was sent for ap- which, in actual production ranks fifth in the proval to the President of the United States. The United States gold producing areas, with two of document was then returned to the Philippines the largest producing mines in the world. These and was there approved in a plebiscite vote… The' are some of the marks of progress in this land of President of the Commonwealth is now in office, vast unexplored forest and mineral resources,

THE PAGEANT OF THE PHILIPPINES

THE UNION THElOLOGICAL SE'MINARY AT MANILA, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS healthful climate, unsurpassed beauty of scenery, response of the Filipino people. This fine coopand a happy, hospitable, forward-looking people. eration will, we hope, continue as the two peoples march down the corridors of time as independent This development has gone forward with an but friendly nations.

ever-increasing Philippine autonomy. Out of The best thing done for the Philippines by 7,000 or 8,000 in the public service at present, America, as often stated by Hon. Teodoro R. Yangco, merchant prince, the greatest Filipino there were a few months ago but a few hundred philanthropist, and former Resident Commis- Americans, those chiefly in the Bureau of Educa- sioner to Washington, was the giving of religious tion. Twenty-eight years ago there were 618 liberty and the open Bible. As a result an evan- American teachers in the public schools. Recently gelical Church of probably 200,000 communicants, there were only 188, with 27,769 Filipino teachers. with an equal number of adherents, is exercising In the higher positions of the Government only the its beneficent influence on the life of the people. Governor-General, Vice Governor-General, Insular SOme friends in the States have asked what effect Auditor, six out of eleven Judges of the Supreme Philippine independence would have on mission- Court, two Provincial Treasurers, and directors ary work and evangelical church activity. No of the Bureaus of Education, Public Works and particular effect is expected. The missionary and Forestry, were until the inauguration of the Com- church work will go on without change, though monwealth, Americans. At present these, as well the majority of the people are still Roman Cathas all other high government officials, heads of de- olic. 'Many of these are liberal-minded and many partments and bureaus, and a vast majority of the are affiliated with no church. On the whole the personnel, are in the process of becoming wholly temper of the Filipino people is to hold fast to the Filipino. The goal of complete FiIipinization of principles of religious liberty and to oppose anypublic service will be reached within a short time, thing that might look toward the union of Church certainly within the Commonwealth period. The and State, or that suggests control of the State by record of this development and the' part in it the Church. which the United States has played are things of which the American people may well be proud. There are today about 150 evangelical'mission- Politically and economically the United States has aries in the Islands. The original hope of, those endeavored to deal fairly, by her ward. The re- who organized the Evangelical Union in thhee early sults achieved have not been, however, the work days has been in large part realized in tlieestab.; of the United States alone. They could not have lishment of the United Evangelical Church of the seen the end brought about without the cordial

Philippines, organized from the constituency of Missions. The spirit and principle of cooperation the Presbyterian, United Brethren, and Congre- have taken form in the Union Theological Semgational churches and having a membership of inary, Manila, conducted by five of the evangelical about 46,000. The Methodist Episcopal Church Mission Boards in America, the Presbyterian, represents the largest communion in the Islands, Congregational, Methodist, United Brethren and with a membership of 86,000. Last year the Disciples. United Evangelical Church added 3,000 new converts to its local churches and expended $25,000 on There is promise of a great future for the running expenses. The President of the Univer- Philippines if economic adjustments are wisely sity of the Philippines is Dr. Jorge Bocobo, an made and if high ground is taken on educational, LL.B. from Indiana State University and an LL.D. ethical and social matters and if the great prinfrom Southern California University. For many ciple of religious liberty is held inviolate. One has years he was Dean of the College of Law of the faith to believe that the character and wisdom of University and was inaugurated as President in the leaders, supported by the rugged strength and January, 1935. Although he is an active evan- honesty of the common people, will meet the degelical leader, a member of the Methodist Epis- mands of the new era now upon us. One of the copal Church and President of the Philippine Na- things that begets strong hope for the years ahead tional Christian Council, he was chosen President is the splendid response which the Filipino people of the University by a Board of Regents, the ma- have made to the opportunity of the open Bible jority of whom were Roman Catholics.. The Mod- and the message of the evangelical faith. An inerator of the United Evangelical Church is Dr. telligent, thinking constituency, with life actuated Enrique C. Sobrepena, an alumnus of Macalester by the highest Christian standards of truth and College in Minnesota, educated in theology at conduct, give promise of a virile group exerting Princeton and Drew, a member of the faculty of a mighty influence for the safe guidance of the the Union Theological Seminary, Manila, pastor people in the days to come. Christian education of the largest English-speaking Filipino Church must be given the oncoming generations, so that in the Philippines and was an influential delegate with the training in modern scientific achievement to the Constitutional Convention which framed and broadening of knowledge there may come the present governing instrument for the Com- those great elemental truths which relate life to monwealth. Silliman Institute has become dur- God and call for the dedication of every talent and ing the past year Silliman University, with an an- power to the service of Christ and fellowmen. nual enrollment of over 1,000, whose President is If we can be sure of this, then the Filipino people Dr. Roy H. Brown, brother-in-law of Dr. Cleland may face the future with confidence and "tread B. McAfee of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign the earth with dignity."

One Thousand Tribes Without the Bible* THERE are about 5,000 languages and dialects America and on through Yucatan are tribes re- spoken by mankind; in 954 of these we ha.ve lated to the once mighty Mayan race; and over a translation of at least a part of the Bible; the rugged plateaus of Mexico there are more than 3,000 hardly demand attention, the people being forty other linguistic stocks, including the sturdy sufficiently accessible through other tongues, or Aztecs. Few of these five hundred tribes have else are nearing extinction; 1,000 tongues, how- ever felt a single ray of Gospel light. ever, still beckon for Bible translators. Herein lies the most urgent task of the church today! Missionary work has been carried on in Africa for over a hundred years. Much has been accom- South of the Rio Grande, in Latin America, there plished. Thirty-five tribes have received the enare 17,000,000 dialect-speaking Indians with five tire Bible, seventy-eight tribes the New Testahundred different languages. In the highlands of ment, and 191 more some portion of the Scripthe Andes live the descendants of the ancient tures. Ho-wever, conservative reports state .that Incas, as well as remnants of other former civ- there are three hundred African tribes to whom ilizations; throughout the jungles of Amazonia nothing of the printed Word has been given. rove several hundred wild tribes; in Central If to these are added unreached tribes of many * Condensed from The King's Business. Mr. W. Cameron Town- parts of Asia, we have, perhaps, two hundred tribes more for whom translation work must yet send. the author, has been a missionary to the Cakchiquel Indians be done, for our obligation is undeniable. of Central America, affiliated with the Pioneer Mission Agency.- EDITOR.

a Century Ago*

D=.D;;;;'~II'- -6(1.1.=;;;;B;;;;Y;;;;th;;;;e;;;;R;;;;E;;;;V;;;;.;;;;W=.D=O;;;;U;;;;G;;;;L;;;;A;;;;S;;;;MA=C;;;;KE=N;;;;Z1=E;;;;, 1 T HE American Board was organized in 1810. resolved to check this invasion by nearly a thou- Within twenty-five years it had sent mission- sand Boer wagons. He was a treacherous man aries to India, Ceylon, the Sandwich Islands, and foully murdered about fifty Boers with their Turkey, China and West Africa. Then its officers leader Peter Retief, at a conference meeting and made inquiries of Dr. Philip, the famous director attacked other groups at various points. . . .

of the South African missionaries of the London Chaka and his successor created a new era in Missionary Society, about possible fields in South the history of the Zulus. That influence spread Africa. He advised them to begin work among far and wide. One of his most successful genthe powerful Zulu tribes of the southeast corner erals decided to set up for himself, invaded the of the Dark Continent. Orange Free State, and then swept northwards to settle in what became Matebeleland. In 1834, six young men were ordained and despatched with their wives to that far off, hardly As a young boy I remember that able and ruthexplored and restless region. It is doubtful less monarch, Moselekatse, whom I saw in his whether, if the Board had known all the facts, court. Some of his wives stood behind him and they would have deemed it wise to send those his soldiers in a wide circle before him, with young couples on so desperate an undertaking. shields and spears in their hands. I remember the shock which came when the King spoke and About the beginning of the nineteenth century all the soldiers replied with a deep voice "Bo-o-m." the Zulus had been suddenly roused from the easy, unorganized, unenterprising life of all South Absolute subservience, prompt and merciless ac- African tribes. A young man named Chaka tion when the chief commanded, were obvious learned from another chief, Dingiswayo, who him- even to a very young boy. self had learned during an exile of six years at These were Zulus from Zululand and their or- Cape Town (1793-1799), that effective warfare ganization and habits were carried to Matebeledepends on discipline and drill, and that regiments land from the land of disorder where the first so organized and trained cannot be resisted by American missionaries arrived in 1835. the miscellaneous, undirected and uncontrolled The revolution wrought by Chaka and Dingaan methods of tribal attack and defense. was made possible because the Zulu native was Chaka carried his teacher's instructions beyond splendid material. There were in those people anything that the Zulus had ever known. He latent energy, a readiness to take new paths, and made his whole tribe an army of fierce, victorious, a mental capacity which only needed to be fired irresistible warriors: They now lived for war. with ambition and guided effectively to give them Chaka absorbed the young men and women and the renown which they have won throughout the children of conquered neighbors into his own South Africa. It is these qualities which imtribe. He destroyed the unusable enemies and dev- pressed the first missionaries and which have astated their villages and gardens. His name made the spread of Christianity among them the became a terror through a large part of South fascinating story which it is.

Africa. He was succeeded by his brother Din- The Zulus gaan, also a man of vigor and ferocity.

The Zulus first came into contact with white The Zulus have many of the beliefs and social men when a few enterprising Englishmen settled customs of the great Bantu race to which they beat Port Natal, now called Durban. With them long and which is spread almost all over the there seems to have been no quarrels. But Din- African continent. They are ancestor worshipgaan was aroused to suspicion and fear when a pers, but they believe or are ready to accept belief large movement of Boers from Cape Colony took in one supreme Creator or Ruler of the world. place in the direction of Natal. Their worship is one of mingled dread and com- fort, dependent upon the class of spirits whom The Zulus knew the Boers as slave owners and they believe to be in contact with them at anyone tyrants over the black man. Dingaan therefore • From The Missionai"3/ Herala, Boston. time.

[41 ]

But they are also slaves to magical superstition. gish souls of contented, sensual, lazy tribes that Their "medicine men" are extremely clever spe- their more active and alert minds were more open cialists in the art of creating- fear and suspicion to the startling word of God, which laziness can even among the best of friends, when sickness or never understand, for whose sowing only alert other calamity falls upon them. This makes the minds are prolific soil. people slaves to witchcraft with all its cruelty and bitter hatreds. But that could not be apparent in those confused and baffling years from 1835 to 1842. The six They are polygamists and victims of that de- couples on arrival at the Cape were divided into grading institution in their characters and even two companies. Three couples traveled fourteen in their economic life. For a man's status is af- hundred miles north to those Zulus whom Mosele- fected by the number of his wives and that de- latse had led thither, but they found the conditions pends on the number of his cattle, which of old so hopeless that it was foolish to settle down and were the "coins of the realm." they trekked the long way south to Natal.

The missionaries found these Zulu men addicted The other three couples, after various explor- to all manner of self-indulgence except when they ations, finally settled on the coast of Natal and were at war or preparing for it. Their women began that long story of devoted and powerful were the providers of food, the real workers. Only work which their successors are carrying on the care of cattle and an occasional hunt were the today. male contribution to family sustenance. Drinking . beer was their chief amusement, along with the Some one else may pay worthy tribute to the war dances which often accompanied it. men and women who pressed up into Zululand proper. Later on some of them followed their But withal there is in the Zulu nature that ele- people into the compounds of the gold mines at ment of moral and spiritual insight and apprecia- Johannesburg where their work, at first viewed tion which all their sensuality cannot utterly de- with suspicion by the mine owners, has elicited stroy. Dr. Josiah Tyler, in his interesting book, their admiration, confidence and gratitude. Forty Years Among the Zulus, repeatedly empha- sizes the fact "that conscience among a heathen When a great civilization has been developed, people is a great auxiliary to the missionary." when Zulus are the equals of any race in all the riches of culture, with scholars, scientists, states- I once asked several old men how they felt be- men equal to those of Boston, it will be remem- fore the arrival of white men in Zululand when bered that from Boston those six young couples doing right or wrong. Their reply was "Some- went out, joyously, earnestly, to open the doors of thing within us approved when we did the former the highest life to people who were then called de- and condemned when we did the latter." graded heathen.

The missionaries bear abundant witness that These six men and women: George Champion, these people, apparently sunk in sensuality and Alden Grout, Newton Adams, M.D. (who would hardened in cruelty, were sensitive to love and not leave in those first years, when the others de- sympathy. When they saw the integrity of the spaired of the situation, and who died all too soon "men of the Book," their superior knowledge, even of over-work) besides the Lindleys, the Wilsons, their greater possessions, which seemed enormous the Venables, are the true parents of that Zulu even to a chief, they could not but wonder at their civilization which is still only in its earliest stages conduct towards themselves. but destined to become glorious.

Their incredible message about the God who Later on they were joined by others, of whom had saved the world by our Lord Jesus Christ, one of the greatest, Josiah Tyler, son of Bennet was gradually made credible, realizable, accept- Tyler, was the first president of Hartford The- able by their whole manner of living. To be al- ological Seminary. ways helping others not only in those teaching ways which were at first so hard to understand, As one reads the story of their early years but in many practical ways, chiefly by relieving among the Zulus one feels himself in contact with the sick, and training the young, that was a new that thrilling combination of heroism and saintkind of life, incredible if they did not see it with hood which has been and is the glory of our pio- their own eyes, absurd but that .they were the neer missionaries everywhere. Ready to die be- recipients of its boons. cause they loved, they made real and luminous, let me repeat,… to the hearts and minds of mere sav- But let us go back for a little to the years of ages darkened by evil, the story of "the in'esti- this new revolution in Zulu history. Perhaps mabIe love" of God "in the redemption of the Chaka by his methods had so quickened the slug- world by our Lord Jesus Christ."

A Mission Doctor's Daily Dilemma*

~1~I-=-=~B~Y~S~.~H~.~M~A~R~T~IN~'~M-=.D~.'~S~OO_U~l'~Ch-=O~se~n-=-=~II~ THE day broke through smoke and cloud over it's the doctor's invariable rule never to leave a the South Mountain and into empty corridors waiting patient, he could not leave these cases, yet with their clean smell of lysol disinfectant. he had an appointment at 5 P. M. He knew there The clinic workers were singing, "What a Friend were no empty fourth or fifth class beds (5th is We Have in Jesus," when the doctor with his as- charity). He knew, too, that one case like this sistants started his long round of treating the sick, was being treated in the third class ward on per- and of giving bedside instruction to students, in sonal account. All the charity prescription blanks the main wards of the Severance Hospital. Many were locked up. Miss S., our American "Goddess acute cases were rapidly becoming normal, and of Mercy" (Kwannon) had gone home. As he others were patiently holding their own. took off his overcoat he saw, posted on the wall, But it is after 10: 00 A. M. and the doctor must the notice that he was down to speak at College hurry to the clinic, where the waiting room is the next day. He would probably plead with the filled with suffering humanity waiting in turn be- students to treat patients' souls, as well as their neath a huge painting of "Christ healing the sick," bodies, and here was he, a fine example of a mis- sionary doctor, not even caring for the bodies of when he, too, was a practicing physician. The people five feet away from him. They were examfirst patient, a youth of twenty, accompanied by ined, medicines were given and charged up to the many uncles and aunts, sat with the shoulder long list of Kimses, Pakses and Yesses to "perblades of his emaciated chest flaring, a replica of the "Winged Victory"; but this picture repre- sonal account."

sented defeat. Of these two- pictures, "Misery" and "Woe,"

Many other cases were seen, and one young such as are often seen in the doctor's clinic, woman of university standing was told, quietly "Misery" was a deserted wife of fifty, and "Woe" and honestly, that she had not a weak lung, but was the son, with a shock of matted hair and a the truth, which she already knew, was that she bony framework supporting an acute peritonitis must be treated for tuberculosis immediately. of tubercular origin. There were no beds, "There She received the shock with immobile features, was no room in the inn" for this mother and her and departed with faith in her heart, and six son. Well! what could one do for all the unfor- Kagawa books in one of her sleeves. One of the tunates in Seoul! One was not expected to take booklets was entitled "The Thorn in the Flesh," care of all the unfortunates in Seoul! Nevertheand another "Mediations on Christ." less, here was the one opportunity in the whole day to do something really worth while. Why An old man with visible stomach cancer tried bother about research on dead rabbits when liv.e to get the doctor to tell him that it was due to in- pulsating humans were suffering in sadness, with digestion, although he really knew that the demon only an occasional cry, "Sal yaw chusio!" (Please that had seized his vitals was cancer, and there save our lives). I could put a needle in the boy's was little hope. A Chinese "dancing girl," with abdomen and remove fluid, but he might die of a Shantung accent, told her many woes and de- shock and it would be considered criminal on my parted with hope and medicine. And so, through- part if he died. To make it short, a few minutes out the day, they came and went, some with bodies later, No. 51, the doctor's old Ford, in which all eased, and others with hopes denied; some with classes of people from Government officials down the gratitude and the hope of the Christian, and to opium derelicts picked up at 2: 00 A. M. have others with the Oriental fatalism. ridden, was taking these people to a home of rest, warmth and good food. As the sun set over West Gate prison, the doctor rushing into his overcoat, passed into his Leaving them there the doctor, having opened waiting room to smell and see two perfect pictures all the glass windows of his car for ventilation, of misery; one of the pictures holding, in an rushed off to the other end of the city to a very emaciated hand, a note from a missionary. As clean Japanese home, where all was silent save • From The Korea Mis·.inn Field, May. 1935. the "bara bara" of the tadis (Japanese slippers) [ 43]

on the polished floors within, and the "goro goro" tude, she placed on the table many "sticks" of of the rain without. The patient, a dignified eggs. She departed into the mud and rain (Komatron, with her son, told him of the onset of in- reans hate mud), and the doctor felt a lump in his sidious cancer. Diagrams were drawn to illus- throat as he saw her going off alone into the darktrate the operation to be done the next day. ness and again he questioned, "Should I have sent her home in a taxi?" Elaborate bows were made and No. 51, after being driven, drenched and cleaned, was housed And so to bed, until the roar of the city again again for the night, or so the doctor hoped. He steals to his window, and a lurid red breaks over climbed the hill to his home, and opened the library the South Mountain, and the corridors of the city door to find a poor woman who had been waiting hospital fill again with the sick and the suffering. two hours. She apologized as he tried to dig up As the doctor starts anew he wonders, "How from the tired depths a Christian smile of wel- many shall I turn away today, and how many come. She had come to thank him for "saving times shall I fall short of what Christ would have someone's life," and with many words of grati- me be and do?"

Yun Chi Ho of Chosen* Y UN CHI HO, who has been called the best- In 1906, General Yun, the father of Yun Chi Ho, beloved man, and the most genuine Christian said to Bishop Candler: "You were his teacher. in all Korea, celebrated his seventieth I am an ignorant man and cannot say whether or birthday last November. Dr. Yun's modesty not you taught him well, but I know this, that he threatened to veto the plan for a general celebra- came back from you a different man and differtion but he was finally convinced that the occasion ent from other Koreans. He is honest, truthful, would be in the interest of the coming of the King- obedient and diligent. I am grateful for what he dom of God. has been taught and for what he is!"

In Korea it is almost a proverl) to say that if a In 1910, he was sent as a delegate to the Edinman was of the nobility he was proud; if he was burgh Missionary Conference. Early in 1911, wealthy he was miserly; and if he lived long he after he had devoted some years to Christian edumultiplied his troubles. In the case of Dr. Yun cational work in Korea, he was falsely charged all of these statements were contradicted. Many with complicity in the attempt to assassinate Geninteresting facts of his life were brought out at eral Terauchi, the Japanese Governor-General. the celebration in Seoul, when Dr. Yun sat with The Japanese Government held him in prison for his wife, eleven of his twelve children, and his quite a while, finally liberating him without trial mother, who is ninety-two years old. or conviction.

Fifty years ago, as a result of political intrigue, Dr. Yun has been very active in the Y. M. C. A. in which he was not a participant, Yun Chi Ho in Seoul and is still active in various educational was exiled and went to China where he met Dr. enterprises. He has given some of his best serv- Young J. Allen in Shanghai, and was converted, ice to the Korean Methodist Church. He sponsors being baptized on March 23,1887. On Dr. Allen's several philanthropic projects, is the active head advice he went to America to study and entered of various cultural and research societies, and is Vanderbilt University, and later completed his alive to every significant Christian movement in studies at Emory University, at Oxford, Georgia, Korea and the world. where Bishop W. A. Candler was president. The authorities of the college were ready to help him Last December, Dr. Yun wrote to Bishop financially; but he chose to provide for his own Candler: expenses by lectures. He earned several hundred dollars for his own support, and when after two The so-called celebration of my seventieth year, which years he completed the courses at Emory University, he placed in Bishop Candler's hands $265 of some friends planned without my knowledge, has brought his earnings with these words: "I want to make this the nucleus of a fund for establishing a Chris- me some letters which are very embarrassing. The friends tian school in Korea, should I find it possible to go home." who wrote them, in their efforts to say something nice • Condensed from The World Outlook. about me, seem to have drawn more on their imagination than on actual facts. I have to take their love as a jewel and what they say simply as a wrapper. . . .

My mother is ninety years old now; my youngest boy -Joseph-is six years old. One of the reasons why I can't visit America is that I can't leave them even for a few short months.

Your affectionate boy, T. H. YUN.

Japanese Return

-at I By GEORGE WARREN HINMAN, I A Former Missionary in Japan I M OST of the second generation Orientals in at least in the large cities, has gone so far in adopt- America are Americans in spirit as well ing the standards of American life that there is as in legal status. But some of them, less danger than formerly of becoming alienated handicapped by discrimination in finding jobs in from the common life of the country by residence the United States, turn back to the land of their in America.

parents to find opportunity for using the education Dr. Kagawa made the surprising statement that and training that America has given them. We ninety-five per cent of the leading Japanese are much more fair in providing education for preachers and Christian educators have spent American children of every race than we are in some time in America, though nowhere near that providing a chance to use that education. proportion have given much time to systematic Of the older generation of Japanese a consider- Christian work among Japanese communities in able proportion return, or wish to return, to their the United States. The homogeneity of the Japa- native land. They do not go back" as some "100% nese in America, both workers and students, so Americans" imagine, to assist Japan in the ulti- different from the situation among the Chinese, mate struggle against the United States. Intimate makes it much more natural for every Japanese acquaintance with Japanese in the United States, student and visitor to identify himself with the and with those who have returned to Japan, tends resident Japanese communities and to contribute to discredit the assumption of an inevitable war. something toward work among them. The older Japanese go back home because of an Dr. Ebina, former president of Doshisha Uniunusual loyalty to the culture and traditions of versity, and one of the "elder statesmen" of the their people, and because of the difficulty of find- Christian movement in Japan, calls attention to ing an accepted place in American life. the difference in preparation and attitude between We wonder sometimes what has been the effect some of the earlier Japanese immigrants and the of American contacts, and particularly religious later students and visitors. Those who went to contacts in the United States, upon the returned America, as did Neesima, with a serious devotion Japanese emigrant. Sometimes too much atten- to the spiritual service of their country, came back tion has been paid to the experiences of the stu- to be Christian leaders because they had the dents from Asia. But the Japanese farmer and springs of leadership in them before they went.

merchant, the Chinese laundryman and shop- In general, the men and women who have had keeper, and those from both races who have some experience in Christian service in Japan, worked as house servants under alien conditions, and have proved their earnestness in life, come instead of depending upon government or private back from America strengthened and stimulated subsidies for education in the United States, are by their contacts with the religious life there and likely to provide the best evidence of what America find their way naturally to places of leadership.

does to the Oriental strangers within her gates. But many have come to America, moved merely When they return to the lands of their birth we by material considerations and without knowledge can see the indirect influence of Christian work of Christianity. Their natural energy and purpose- among Orientals in the United States upon the fulness and qualities of leadership have been de- Christian movements in Japan and China. veloped and directed by the influence of the Chris- A careful study of the subject reveals the share tian schools and churches in America to which in the Christian life and work of Japan taken by they may have come at first merely to secure help those Japanese who have lived for considerable in learning English and finding a job.

periods in America. A Japanese pastor 'who has worked sixteen Many of them are fitting in so well to the local years among his fellow nationals in Shanghai Christian institutions that the missionaries hardly was converted in Los Angeles, and spent fourteen think of them as especially influenced by their years in Christian service there. He is just cele- American experiences. Some have acquired a brating the thirtieth anniversary of his conversion "United States complex"; but Japan, as a nation, with a book of religious essays. He has visited [45 ]

the Japanese in the mandated islands of the South two years, as a private in the Japanese army in Seas, and seems to have a special calling to the Manchukuo. One wonders how his American life work among the overseas Japanese in any land. and study will affect his approach to the problems Another Japanese who came to the United States of Japan's militarism. primarily for business, and went through an American business college, was turned to Christ A mere listing of the men and women who have by the missionary forces working among Orien- come back to Japan from actual service, not meretals in California. He worked his way through ly study, abroad would fill many paragraphs. More college and theological school, selling shoes as important than such a record, however, is their Moody did, gave several years to Christian service loyalty to the friends who helped them and the in Los Angeles, taking a large share in the financ- ideals they caught from Christian life in America. ing and erection of the great Union Japanese An afternoon of friendly conversation with a church there, and is now a close associate of Kaga- Japanese girl in America years ago brought to wa in his evangelistic and social service enter- Mrs. Hinman while in Tokyo, an unforgetable prises in Japan. Another man who served a Japa- visit from the daughter of Japan's Salvation Army nese community in California is preaching to the commissioner, herself a prominent officer after Japanese in Hongkong; another is with the Japa- years of service as well as training in America, nese in Korea, and another in Manchukuo. England and Scotland. The Japanese who have returned from extended Christian service in Several of the leading pulpits in Tokyo and America are not forgetful of those who have other large cities of Japan are occupied by men of shared with them in labor and faith and brought long experience in the Japanese churches of Cali- the support of the American churches to this fornia. It was my privilege to occupy the pulpit form of missionary work among the Orientals. of one of my former colleagues in the Japanese Many men, now pastors of strong, self-supporting work in California. The church was well filled by churches, with influential political and educational a cultured audience and the number of students connections, received us to their homes and hearts attending church was very noticeable. An artist in a way few. foreign visitors are welcomed. They member of the congregation had carved a little made it seem like a spiritual home-coming. bird which was presented to me with the hope that it would symbolize the dove of peace in the rela- Government officials testify to the service done tions between Japan and China. One of the by those who have worked in the United States. former Japanese pastors in San Francisco is chap- One of the strongest women leaders in social servlain of a great girls' school in Yokohama. A man ice in Japan, joint author of the mission study who spent many years in the principal Japanese text book about women in Japan, was brought up church in Honolulu is the very earnest preacher in a Japanese parsonage in California, and the at Doshisha University. The new dean of Kobe present president of Doshisha University spent a College spent a term of service in an American year with his uncle, the pastor, in the same home Y. M. C. A., as secretary for American boys. and church relationship. Scattered all over Japan are men and women who, in spite of the suspicion These returned Japanese have not lost touch and misunderstanding all around them when they with America since their return to Japan. Many were in the United States, saw through the mists subscribe for American religious papers. The pas- the true heart of American Christians and retor of one of the large churches in Tokyo has left sponded with a new devotion to service and to inhis son as an instructor in Japanese in Stanford ternational brotherhood. They have gone back University. Another Stanford boy has returned from their American life to a larger service in from his years of American experience to serve Japan with a broader spirit.

WHAT THE DAY OF PRAYER MEANS TO AFRICAN CHRISTIANS* We went into the street and asked two women, "What do you think of the Day of Prayer? Does it really help or is it just another meeting?"

They exclaimed in one voice, "Help? It helps, truly! When we know about the condition of other tribes then we know how to pray for them. When we know how many do not yet know the good news ·of Jesus, we realize how faithful we must be in prayer and in giving money, and how we must send the words of God to them. What we learn on the Day of Prayer makes us very grateful to God for the many blessings which he has rained down upon us – the greatest of which is that we know Jesus our Saviour."

• From The Drum Call, Elat. West Africa. II Effective Ways of Working 'T'estedMethods for Increasing Interest at Home s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO THE NEW YEAR'S part of the present distress is new study books summon you, it OUTLOOK due to the need for those whose is one that demands our very attitudes were formed under the best consecration and endeavor. "Behold I make all things older regime to change some of This is not mere rhetoric or relinew." their thought habits, their stand- gious vaporing. The Church, the "Prove all things.. hold fast ards and ideals, even their very Christian world-builders are not that which is good." nerve reactions in the process of rising to the present emergent In the harmony between these integrating themselves into a situation nor even holding their two tones lies the keynote for the new order. But it is imperative own with the forces of disinteopening year. Pastors and all that all of us find our place and gration: but the reason may be varieties of church workers line up in an advance which im- laid at our own door in our lack should attune themselves accord- peratively conditions even the of zeal and dependence upon God ingly. This is "Moving Day" survival of the Christian Church, for guidance and the power to throughout the world, though to say nothing of civilization and follow it. Choose your own fronsome (mentally) old tenants do the perpetuation of democracy. tiers. Break your own paths. not realize it. George B. Rich- Your Department Editor is far But do get going. The Way of ter says, in Modern Salesman- from being able to blaze the trail ship: or comprehensively to map out Christ through the wilderness the exploration. She can only has not failed: it has yet to be A frog is a particularly daft crea- give a few high lights in a tried. Never for one day have ture. If it is put into a bowl of cold sketchy itinerary, from which we as individuals or the Church water and the water is very slowly you may set out for yourselves as a collective unit lived the Serbrought to a boil, the frog is so un- mon on the Mount. Volumes of conscious of the gradual change that on a pioneer journey, or at least theology have been written on select your traveling compan- theories of the birth and the it is boiled to death when at any ions. moment it might have jumped out. So death of Jesus Christ and the it is with many people. I meet scores The New Frontier of them so unaware of any change in bloodiest wars of all history have conditions, so obstinately unwilling to Pioneering is easily the key- been waged in the name of the admit that there is any change that, word of the day, but without its Prince of Peace, born of a virgin as they die peacefully in their minds, old connotations of covered wag- and dying as an atonement for their work dies imperceptibly in sym- human sin – forgetting most of pathy.

If our readers have reason to ons, camp fires, wilderness perils that Life which lay between the suspect that they are biped frogs, and log homes hewn out of the two goal posts and which, alone. gives validity to all theology and it is high time to do a little jump- forest. However in this shift all endeavor in His name. Let us ing, for the water is coming to a from geography to the realm of begin to take Him seriously and boil very rapidly. Basic needs human thought and endeavor we act as if His work were the and the fundamental verities have not been the gainers in the greatest thing in the world. with which to meet them are un- matter of perils or strenuous en- This will necessarily enlist us changed and unchanging.. but among the missionary pioneers. the thought patterns and the deavor; for the obstacles of the old frontier were but foothills modes of operation must change compared with the well-nigh in- Missions the Prime Endeavor because they are the necessary surmountable ones we now face mutations of advance. Any be- among social conditions, racial Just here lies, for some of us, lief, any enterprise which can- prejudices, class antagonisms, one of those mutations incidental not or should not be changed (by foreign folk so stultified in their to advance. "Go ye into all the enlargement or otherwise) is new nationalism that they resent world" has all the timeless urge dead: theology, missions, the Christianity and the messengers of an unchanging necessity back Church are no exceptions. It is who bring it. While it is a new, of it-but not, for many in the futile to sigh for "the good old regirded, recommissioned type younger generation, as primarily days." Look and work rather of pioneering to which religious obedience to a command (though for the better ones. No small leaders and the writers of the that may later approve itself as [47 ] a changeless verity also), but of missionary endeavor. Thus our sired pUblication) is convincing. rather as that more fundamental purpose to obey His commands will It is fine "sales talk" if backed urge toward sharing what we be deepened and intensified and our by "the goods." The sampling have reason to know is the high- interest in missions will become posiest revelation ever given by God tive rather than passive. . . . Our process is illustrated by an acto man. The non-Christian cul- magazine introduces us to and ac- count in Women and Missions of tures have much that is fine and quaints us with our missionaries. a successful literature meeting worth Christian consideration: · . . After we have come to know last spring in a Denver Presbybut anyone who claims that any them personally from reading the acpagan religion fits human need counts of their work, we not only terian church: as does that taught and practiced pray more effectively in a subjective by Jesus Christ is simply igno- way but our prayers take on objec- "Read the End Yourself." First, 10 rant of the facts, and should be tive force as well. We find ourselves members gave brief and interesting sent for a lengthy sojourn in an writing a letter, sending a bit of a papers on "The Negro Since the Civil oriental land or even in a church- gift perhaps, remembering that the War" and "Outstanding Negro Womless community under the Stars giving of a definite part of our in- en." When they had finished half a and Stripes. The evangel of the come is one of the ways we can go to dozen women jumped to their feet and Great Commission applies not the uttermost parts of the world. quoted articles in Women and Misso much to geography as to every sions, each starting her story and phase of human existence, not It is an indisputable fact that the then stopping short in an interesting forgetting the frontiers of a war- missionary-minded church is a vital, place and finishing with "But you less world and a social order dynamic church. . . . It is likewise must read it for yourself and see how without competitive antagonisms true that a missionary-minded Chris- it comes out." (Several of these or liquor-born crime. Let no one tian becomes a spiritual power in his "spontaneous" remarks were prearpersuade you that missions have circle of influence. A Christian who ranged.) Subscriptions to the magahad their day. Their need is reads eagerly his missionary maga- zine were received at the close. At timeless. zine, who comes to feel that he is a the same meeting the Year Book of coworker with God, is one who never Prayer was stressed and the society Equipment for Pioneering yields to discouragement. . . . Even went over the top in the sale of that. more than that, such contacts with the So much has been said in this great ones of earth give me the con- Samples on a larger scale are Department about mission study, sciousness of my own spiritual need furnished by a meeting in which the necessity for a church mis- and drive me back to God who re- a synthetic program affords a sionary committee for compre- kindles my own spiritual fires. mosaic of best features from hensive planning, coordinating past issues of a given magazine and activating, the annual hold- When growth stops, decay begins. or is built entirely from features ing of a school of missions or · . . How does the missionary maga- in the issue of the current month. "world friendship" which shall zine aid in spiritual growth? . . . As An illustration of the former reach every department of the food, exercise, warmth are the impor- may be found in the article on Sunday school and church life, tant factors in physical growth, it (the "The Silver Anniversary of Misthe maintenance of a circulating magazine) supplies all these elements sions Magazine," on p. 241 of library of attractive missionary which are essential to growth along THE REVIEW of May, 1935. The books, the adoption of definite spiritual lines. . . . In the magazine latter might be exemplified in the field projects to obviate the evap- we see Bible facts and truths at work following outline constructed oration of emotion aroused by in- in the lives of men and women, ac- from the October issue of THE formation into mere sentiment, complishing things for God's King- REVIEW and adapted from a proetc., that it seems unnecessary to dom, effective in the lives of believers. gram actually used that month do more than mention such mat- · . . These vital facts of missionary by a Baptist women's society: ters. Study, reading, attendance success strengthen us for our task upon good meetings for "arouse- here in the homeland. Setting: Wayside camp of a group ment" are all prime equipment of Christian tourists exploring South devices: but one of the greatest There is one thing that cannot be America with the current study books of these is the thorough reading claimed for the magazine. It has no as guide books. Camp fire, rustic of a standard missionary maga- magical power. A dozen copies scat- benches, trees scattered about (tall zine. tered through the home but unused shrubs in pots), "pup tents" and the will be of no avail. . . . It is difficult U. S. and other Greater American Jesus said, "Go ye into all the world to decide which is the more short- flags as a background. Participants and preach the Gospel to every crea- sighted policy-not to take the mag- seated and, presumably, talking over ture" and we daily pray in His own azine or to take it and fail to read it. the day's experiences. Native speakwords, "Thy Kingdom come, Thy will Therefore we urge-read, digest, as- ers with or without a touch of costume. be done." In our missionary maga- similate, then release for God the new zine we should be able to find ways energy which has been produced. Talks should be mere briefs of the and means whereby we can go into all (The Women's Missionary Magazine text indicated-a few minutes to each the world with this good news, either -United Presbyterian.) and participants strictly held to time in person or by sending our prayers by flashlight signals from a front seat and means. We can pray more sin- A number of artful and enter- in audience. cerely … as we readofothe progress taining devices for stepping up The object of the meeting will be de- the subscription list have ap- feated and the Magazine brought into disrepute if the audience is fatigued peared in this Department from by an over-long presentation. An hour time to time; but intelligent peo- all told is long enough to give to a missionary program. ple are most reliably reached by testimony fro m trustwo.rthy Music should be interspersed among the talks to relieve voice-monotony readers of the publication in and freshen attention. This is very question or by the commercial important. Use "The Missionary lure of "sampling." A testimony Call," p. 470, as solo or quartet to the meeting of brief, pointed state- ments as to "What THE REVIEW has meant to me" (adding or substituting the name of any de-

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

familiar tune; short numbers of char- why should missions be so "sin- dents of 29 colleges and schools acteristic music on some stringed in- gular"-so set-apart, when it is of New Engl~nd enlisted as an. strument such as guitar, mandolin or ukelele, and "America Both North and an integral element in the outcome of just one of the 10 South" (see p. 495) as a close. church's task, to be assumed by. regional conferences on the 1. The Head Scout Speaks (material taken from "The Latin American the recruit as an "of-course" cause and cure of war. It is note- Lands," pp. 455-457, opening the subject and giving both atmosphere and and not a "maybe" obligation? worthy that youth is not content background. Use real map or reproduction of the one on p. 456). "What God (through His Son) merely to form resolutions and 2. Through the Surveyor's Transit hath joined together, let not the memorialize congress. The s e (presumably a report from the surveyor of the party, using material Church put asunder," as it has young folks made arrangements from "Unevangelized Areas of Latin America," pp. 462-464, and a repro- been doing. Especially let mis- not only to study but to take defiduction of the graph on p. 470). sions permeate every department nite steps against compulsory 3. The Doctor D i a g nos e s (the party's medical man adapts the high of the Sunday school. Looking military education and all forms lights of "The Need for the Gospel," pp. 459-461, apparently writing a pre- through the Church School Sup- of war propaganda. Other description at the close). ply catalog of The Westminster nominations have taken similar 4. The Tourists Talk (a few informal moments to relieve the monot- Press recently, the writer noted action. There is no more timely ony, in which items selected from "Our World-Wide Outlook," pp. 500-509, are that instructional and stu d y or important enlistment of piogiven informally, back and forth, as if conversationally spoken as observa- courses on missions extended neers than this. tions of recent features in the tour). from the primary departments Another line which will be pio- 5. Guests in the Southland (introduction of two or three native South through the discussion groups, neering to many good church Americans who give the merest outlines of the corresponding sketches on men's clubs, brotherhoods, fel- folk is the approach to the Jewpp. 491-494, in the first person). lowships, missionary societies, ish problem mapped out in the 6. Why Send Missionaries to South America? (Head scout proposes this ladies' aids and the home depart- study book, "The Jew and the question for discussion as a focus to the foregoing topics and atmosphere, ments, even to the Sunday ser- World Ferment." A set of forceseveral tourists giving points from the editorial of that name, pp. 451, mons by the pastor. In the study ful programs has' been printed 452.) courses which are a part of the by the Women's Missionary So- 7. Close with singing of suggested hymn and prayer for the objective. new program for Christian Edu- ciety of the United Lutheran After the camp presumably breaks up, the leader mentions the source of the cation in the Presbyterian Church, 723 Muhlenberg Buildsubject matter and introduces the librarian who will show his bookshelf church, Unit D takes up the ques- ing, 1228 Spruce St., Philadeland dispose of study books, also take magazine subscriptions, after the serv- tion "Is the Missionary Idea phia, Pa. The monthly topics ice closes. (See "Our Missionary Bookshelf," pp. 510-512). Valid in the Modern World?" considered are: The Heritage of Can you imagine a program more (the basic book selling in paper Israel; They Still Throw Stones; easily arranged or more profitable, provided the parts are not over-long covers at 15 cents) and "endeav- Next Year in Jerusalem, and !l.nd are invariably spoken and not read? You can do this with any copy ors to lead the readers to face the Thy Neighbor, the Jew. Ruling of THE REVIEW. Mix an ounce of consecrated imagination with a pound facts of the present world situa- out a few denominational speof worthful subject matter, then work. tion in its bearing upon King- cifics, these outlines are available "Calling All Pioneers" dom enterprises and lead to a for any denomination, and seJl "Mission Stu d y: Abstract noun, third person, singular fresh appraisal of the Gospel and for five cents each or 40 cents for number, feminine gender, objec~ tive case-object of feminine en~ the Christian life as solutions of the set. Much supplementary deavor in local church." Wrong! Obsolete usage! Parse the term the world problems as well as to material is included. in common gender this year; make it "collective" instead of develop and foster an earnest In the last analysis, our ml:l,in- 1'ingular, including everybody from the beginners in Sunday purpose of cooperation in the stay for successful pioneering is school to the invalid enrolment of the Home Department. And advancement of the Kingdom with the younger generation.

throughout the Church." In- Mrs. Katherine V. Silverthorne, Cluded in the missionary studies writing in Women and Missions, are booklets for leaders as well says: as students, m. s uggugpe sat e dschporooIc0ef- dur t Much is said and written nowadays es f or set about. "Youth Building a New World." missions and for cultivating the Before we dare begin building we must mind for peace, inclusive of "Be- have some new facts about the world yond War-a Program of World and its needs. . . . Missions is not Peace," describing the roots, re- something vaguely religious, set off apart from life or young people's in- sults and remedies for war, and terests. Tie missions into the young an effective dramatization (10 people's and children's programs cents). For further information rather than have it drawn: away as a write to The Westminster Press separate interest. As they plan their year's programs . . . whether the at 216 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, label "missions" is used or not, they Ill. will come to see if guided aright that Another down to date depart- ttehlelyigecnatnnoatndbuicldonasntryucktiivned opfroagnrainm- ment of endeavor enlisting youth without including the spiritual needs is exemplified in the formation of America as well as those of the in the Presbyterian denomina- world at large, which has become tion of an intercollegiate com- such an interdependent world that we cannot separate the missionary ele- mittee to prevent war, with stu- .' ment out of'it. . . .' The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK IN THE BEGINNING BaTbara Green.

God, the Father of us all, is re- The Teton Mountains, Wyoming, furnish the background for a rural church where sponsible for the beginning of tW() summers ago two young p eople met (or the first time during vacation. This summer life. The Hebrew hymn writer they made their way back to the same little rural church and were married. tells us that "God saw everything that he had made, and, behold it THE RURAL CHURCH TODAY AND TOMORROW was very good." The Home Missions Councils Missions Congress was held in According to John, "in the be- are now in the second five-year 1930. The cooperation of the ginning was the Word – the period of planned cooperative Word became flesh and dwelt advance, under the direction of Washington Fed era t ion of among us, full of grace and the Committee on Planning and truth." That was over 1,900 Strategy, representative of the Churches is assured. New Years ago! constituent Boards. The National Conference on And now-"Please turn over," "The Rural Church Today and the Rural Church is concentrated as is often written at the bottom Tomorrow" was the emphasis in three days of the Annual of a page. New Year 1936 chosen January, 1935, for the Meeting, from January 15-17, inmarks not the beginning of our Annual Meeting program of the clusive. The program will prelives, not the beginning of the Council of Women for Home church, not the beginning of Missions and theHome Missions sent the religious and economic men's fears and hopes and de- Council, to be held January 13mand for new life. On January 17, inclusive, Washington, D. C. situation in rural America, and 1, 1936, most of us, and most of Preparation has been made in ac- the significance of urban-rural our causes were like unto that cordance with the theme and relations. The speakers and. pattern carried into sleep De- place, and the programs are cember 31st or early morning of available. Meetings will be held leaders are from church and the new day, except as we con- at the Calvary Baptist Church state, from "town and gown." sciously turned over the begin- of which the Rev. Dr. W. S. Christian education of young ning of the new day with the re- Abernethy is. pastor. It isthe view of who we are, where we same church where- the Home people and of those older, will be are, .and where we are going. considered. The design for our lives and the [150 ] church is long since determined On Wednesday evening, Janby God the creator, and our response through the years to his uary 16th, in a general session, will for our lives and his purpose for an creation. the conference will consider the subject, "Christian Youth in Ac- WHY? Why? tion in Rural America," to be My tears fall- While the people are wanting food, and starving, Heartless militarists make war upon them! Wandering in the hills are men and women Hunting firewood and praying for peace. Do the militarists know these gentle hearts?

-ToyohikoKagawa.

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

presented by young people them- happen, however, that she and ness friends who. will do more selves. The guest speaker for her family and many others like than be sorry for her. She needs the evening will be Daniel Pol- her are suffering from social in- "open doors" to life's best gifts. ing, Jr., pastor of the Presby- justice of long standing. terian Church of Bedford, New Why do we Americans persist York. The young people of Cal- The picture of the Haskell in calling the first Americans vary Baptist Church and of the graduate is given for compari- "Indians," as if they were more Washington Y. W. C. A. are co- son. She is not the grand- alien than Irish, Latin, Dutch, operating in the plans. daughter. She is probably not Swedish, or others of us whose of the same "tribe of Indians." ancestors left a known country The program of Christians for She is the modern girl with for the new land? Their ancesworld peace through work for dreams and hopes, with second- tors gave them a legend of the securing social justice within the ary school education completed, Great Spirit placing them on land and through support of gov- eager for life's best gifts. this beautiful American conernment policies making for "no "What is unusual about that?" tinent. more war" is a dominant interest Nothing unusual- that is the of the church women. The Coun- point. But, she with other In- In connection with s eve n cil of Women for Home Missions dian youth is unusual in her ex- U. S. A. schools which Indian is one of 27 national member or- treme need for honest-to-good- Americans, not resident near ganizations of the Nat ion a 1 standard public high schools, at- Peace Conference, who are at tend, the two national Home Misone in their determination to sions Councils now maintain Reunify peace action. The Council ligious Work Directors. There has been a constituent member are other schools where interdefrom the beginning of the Na- nominational Christian workers tional Committee on the Cause should be preaching and teachand Cure of War, whose Elev- ing "the Good News." In the enth Conference will be held in seven – Riverside, Albuquerque, Washington, D. C., January 21- Santa Fe, Haskell, Flandreau, 24, inclusive. All peace work of Chemawa, and Lac du Flambeau the Council representing 20 na- ~there are more than eighty tional Home Mission Boards in tribes represented among 3,400 U. S. A. and three Canadian students. The boys and girls church women's groups, is based come from homes typifying on the Gospel "of peace on earth every stage in the merging of to men of goodwill" and on the Indian and white cui t u res. conviction that "now is the day United Protestant cooperation of salvation." makes possible a ministry of Christian friendship and leader- FIRST AMERICANS ship training. Americans thus served can be a power in bring- The grandmother with her dog ing "peace on earth through men had supervised the building of of goodwill." the temporary "wickiup" in the Northern Wisconsin woods, and Will you who read this do had placed the huge kettle in the what you can to open doors of center for "sugaring off" time. opportunity for the I n d ian Her children and grandchildren youth? You can secure for five were each assigned a specific cents from the Editor a mimeotask and place. No one entered graphed News Release giving ex- "the wickiup" where the syrup cerpts from the recent reports of was boiling except upon invita- the Religious Work Directors. tion. One of the youngest of the You who observe the World Day grandchildren had his fingers of Prayer (February 28, 1936) rapped when he stuck a long stick of his own finding into the should tell others how this minboiling mass of sugar. The visi- istry is supported financially, tors were given the privilege of and interdenominationally from a taste, and samples of maple year to year by the share in the sugar which had been finished in freewill offerings, and furthered previous boiling. spiritually, by the prayer pre- vailing throughout the land. "What's unusual about that?" Nothing – that is the point! It In the seven schools the Indian just happens that her tent is young people also observe the called a "wickiup" instead of Day of Prayer, and send freewill just plain "tent." It just doesn't gifts for the ministry of others -like the Migrant children, or the children of other lands.

~ Our World–wide Outlook ~I

II ~ A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~,==—-=–===========,~ EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO "

MISCELLANEOUS what better than that of the mis- ened to the exigencies of the times. For more than a year an sions, due to better living condi- enlarging group of ministers Missionary Meeting At Sea tions. The missionary group has has met for consultation and prayer; between the meetings Last August a novel mission- lower incomes, more exposed oc- prayer has gone up to God for ary meeting was held for Deep cupations and locations, less va- His leading, and for His bless- Sea fishermen on board a mis- cations, and more strenuous ing especially upon all who are sion smack, the "Edward Birk- work. seeking to do His will-that if it beck." Two addresses, with lan- . 6. In general,single persons, were in accord with His will, all tern slides, were given on the especially single men, did not who worship Him in Washing- Uganda Mission. For such' a last long either as bachelors or ton might be led to appeal as one lecture the sea must be fairly as m.issionaries, they left the so- man to those who are forgetting calm, so that the lantern will be ciety early or got married. God. steady, and the time chosen must 7. It is often said that the not interfere with the work of present – generation missionary This group has been joined, the fishermen. The seats were . does not view his work as a work at least in spirit, by practically fish boxes and the smell of fish for life. In recent decades, how- all denominations in the city, by and the oil lantern made it a bit ever, the proportion of life-long fellow Christians of the Roman difficult for the speaker.. After services has been increasing. In Catholic Church, and by Hebrew hearty singing of ','All Hail the the past nine years, ten per cent believers in the God of Abraham, Power of Jesus' Name," the men of all withdrawing women mis- Isaac and Jacob. Thus the peolistened with rapt attention for sionaries, and fifteen per cent of ple of God in Washington are an hour and a half, occasionally the men, had served for forty preparing to appeal with one adding their comments and ask- years or more. voice, as they have never been able to do before, to fellow couning questions. Salvation Army Extension trymen living wit h 0 u t God. -Toilers of the Deep. President Roosevelt has put on record his appreciation of the "Health and Turnover" The Salvation Army is quick- value of this movement. – An- of Missionaries drew R. Reid, in The Christian ening its pace. During the six Observer. In a Medical Missions Bulletin, Dr. E. M. Dodd, of the Presby- years of General Higgins' com- Peniel Community Center terian Foreign Board, U. S. A., quotes from the "Lenox Report" mand it invaded Tanganyika, One of the centers of evanin regard to the "health and gelism in the United States turnover" of missionaries. Belgian Congo, Ashanti, Algeria, which has had a continuous rec- ord of progress is Peniel Com- 1. Looking back over a cen- French G u ian a, Yugoslavia, munity Center, Chicago, an entury, there has been marked de- terprise of the Presbyterian cline in the missionary death Southern China and the Straits Church. It began in an abanrate. Africa shows the highest doned church, from the changrate. Settlements.' It also opened a ing neighborhood of which the members had departed. Now 2. Losses from ill-health are chain of large "Shelters" in there are seventy thousand Jews greater among women, and in the community. During the losses from death are greater seven of the principal capitals of Center's twelve years of history, among men. the work has been enlarged, new Europe, stretching from Riga to buildings erected, and a Chris- 3.' The greatest needs lie in tian influence exerted which has treatment for infectious dis- Rome. In Paris in the last two broken down barriers of prejueases, and neurosis. dice and won many to Christ. years,1,300 beds in 1,000 bed- 4. The highest turnover is re- -Forward. corded for Latin America, pos- rooms represent its capacity insibly due to the scarcity of missionary doctors in these areas. crease iIi this direction. In Great 5. The turnover of career men Britain it is also trying to "take of the diplomatic service is some- the sting out of old age," to its eighteen "eventide homes," with 210 men and 477 women in resi- dence, it plans to add three more shortly. -So S. Tim~s.

. NORTH AMERICA Religious Life in Washington Christian people in the Na- tional capital seem to be awak- [52] Interdenominational ranged for their distribution, the larger circulatioFl of strongly Oonference government providing transpor- evangelical literature. In addi- Between 80 and 100 men and tation. The Bible Society head- tion to its sales, both retail and women from foreign mission quarters in New York specify fields will assemble in Dayton, quantity and destination in re- wholesale, the Association is con- Ohio, January 19 and 20 for sponse to applications from the chaplains, of whom there are stantly sending large quantities what is said to be one of the some 250, army and reserve, each in charge of several camps. of books, booklets, Scripture porlargest of such conferences ever Since the work started in June, held in the country. The meet- 1933, the Society has supplied tions and Gospel tracts to prising is a cooperative program 2,000 camp libraries each with a Bible. At its meeting on August ocncse, hospitals, lumber camps, among all Protestant denomina- 1, the board authorized a further camps, fire stations, lodg- grant of 10,000 Testaments, tions, and for the purpose of ob- making a total of 105,000 Testa- ing houses, mountain and piotaining from people on the field ments so far provided for distrithe real impression and story of bution among the men, besides neer schools, Alaska, French many thousand portions sent in reactions of those countries and response to requests from chap- Louisiana, Latin America, Philnations. Mainly, the program lains. It is required that Testaaims at dispelling fear and prej- ments be given only to those who ippine Islands, India and other wish to use them. udice through learning the atti- needy places for free distribu- -Christian Observer. tude of national leaders abroad. tion. These totaled 3,735,620 The conference is to be na- Southern Presbyterian Jubilee copies, during the past fiscal tional in scope. Approval of the year. plan and acceptance of the invi- Since July 1st, the Association tation to participate has been received from national heads of has sent its literature to the practically all denominations. teachers of 2,373 mountain schools, upon their request. To these schools no less than 68,934 copies of the Horton edition of the Gospel of John, with helps, have been sent, and a copy of the Pocket Treasury offered to every On the "Up and Up" The Diamond Jubilee of the boy or girl who will read the Southern Presbyterian Church Gospel of John and memorize The Woman's Home Mission- as planned by the General As- the nine verses listed under ary Society of the Methodist sembly is intended to be a great "God's Plan for Saving Sinners." Episcopal Church reports 12,983 forward m 0 v e men t in the More than 4,000 Pocket Treasorganizations with a member- Church. Daily Bible reading is uries and 1,181 Testaments have ship of 276,325. "We rejoice given an important place in the been thus earned by pupils. A that for the first time in eight Jubilee Year observance. Other total of 12,199,343 pages have years," writes Mrs. DeVinny, been mailed to these mountain corresponding secretary, "we aims put forward are: schools, and there are still 2,100 have a net increase in member- to be supplied. ship of 4,570, also a net gain of 1. To foster a more vital sense of 545 in the number of organiza- the fellowship of Christ and a more Lincoln University tions. ardent desire to do His will. This institution was founded "The treasurer reports re- 2. To develop in individuals and in in 1854, to train missionaries for ceipts of $1,901,243.02, an in- the churches a more fervent and con- Africa and Colored ministers for crease of $505,968.03. This in- stant spirit of evangelism, that the their people in this country. crease was largely due to the Church may not lag in her supreme President William Hallock John- business of winning men to Christ at home and abroad.

3. To lead people into a better splendid personal gifts for build- understanding and more faithful prac- son recently received a letter tice of Christian stewardship of life ings. The total for buildings and possessions. from the Rev. Joel D. Mbengowas $221,733.21." . Nyangi, '13, from East London, It is hoped that a hundred -Christian Advocate. thousand tithers may be enrolled South Africa, in which he says: and a thank-offering of half a "It is gratifying to know that Bibles for 000 Oamps million dollars received. The Lincoln University is getting theme for the Jubilee Year is The American Bible Society "Christ and His Church First." stronger every year. The seed recognized a responsibility and of righteousness sown by good an opportunity when the CCC -Christian Observer. camps were inaugurated in 1933. men of that institution will grow up even in this dark continent of J. E. Yates, chief chaplain at ours." that time, responded gratefully "Ye That Sow Beside All to the Society's offer to supply Waters" A recent study sponsored by the General Education Board Scriptures for camp libraries The Bible Institute Colportage shows that of the Color.ed minisand for men who wanted them. Association of Chicago, founded ters who have the bachelor's de- It was arranged that a stock of by D. L. Moody, celebrated its gree, one-third of them were Bibles and Testaments be main- 40th anniversary last year. The trained at Lincoln University; tained by the Society at Wash- circulation of destructive litera- and of the 150 leading men of ington, under the charge of the ture by religious cults and athe- the race, more were graduated Chief of Chaplains, who ar- istic associations has called for a from Lincoln University. than

from any other single institu- In the City of Mexico a young man C h u r chis now much tion. The University stands lawyer, friend of the Minister of stronger than ten years ago. foursquare for the Gospel. Education, spends fifteen min- utes every morning studying The Protestant Episcopal -The Presbyterian. Moody's "The Way to God" and Church in Cuba has become dis- the New Testament. There have tinctly Cuban, an end toward New Japanese Mission been ingatherings among the In- which Bishop Hulse has worked. dians also. In Yucatan, where Three-fourths of the 3,411 com- Portland, Oregon, has a new the Church is mainly Maya In- municants are Cuban. Sermons Japanese Mission under the care dian, twenty-nine new groups for the most part are in Spanish. of Rev. K. W. Nakajo, Protestant have been formed, and the total The number of Cuban ministers Episcopal minister ordained in membership is now four thou- has increased almost twofold. July, 1935. He has been work- sand. There are nearly 3,700 Sunday ing among Japanese in Utah. school pupils. What One Christian Twenty-five or thirty adults Accomplished -The Living Church. are connected with the new mission, and as many children. Bartolo is in the coffee-grow- Clergy Banned from Ecuador ing section of the Lares Moun- Mission Force Reduced tains in Puerto Rico. Years ago Within six months from Oc- the Gospel was preached there, tober 16, all foreign clergymen The United Church of Canada but because of economies and re- must cease their activities in has been obliged to make drastic ductions in budgets, work was Ecuador, in accordance with a readjustments on the mission discontinued. The place became decree promulgated by President field, because of progressive noted for lawlessness and hor- Federico Paez. The decree folshrinkage in income at home. rible crimes. lowed one which nationalized The board decided to recall from church property. Churches and the fields about 60 persons rep- A Christian moved into a other buildings, designed for resenting missionary homes. In large farmhouse near the com~ public worship and built by pubsome cases this may imperil the munity and began to hold meet- lic subscription on privately future resumption of the work ings in his home, since there was owned lands, become State propshould the civil authorities, ac- no church. To his surprise erty, according to the terms of cording to their laws, take over crowds began to attend, until he the presidential decree. The the mission property for use by had to send an appeal to a Sup- buildings will not be subject to the nation. As soon as news of day school missionary. taxes and cannot be mortgaged this decision began to reach the or sold. -The Living Church. congregations, a marked in- "Come quickly with your crease in the daily receipts at the tent," he wrote. Mter the mis- Among Nicaraguan Indians foreign missionary offices was sionary had spent 15 days in noted. evangelistic services, the 103 The Moravian Church main- who confessed Christ wanted a tains a mission to Indians in Nic- LATIN AMERICA chapel. A prominent man gave aragua. One feature of the work the site; and today the Bartolo is an annual school for evan- More About Mexico people are sacrificing ollt of their gelists, usually held at Bilwask- poverty to build a place of wor- arma. Each "catechist" has According to Rev. Bancroft ship. charge of the work in a village Reifsnyder, there are more op- or a group of villages, under the portunities than ever for mis- Protestants in Cuba superintendence of an ordained sionary work in M e x i c o. minister. In villages where Churches and ministers all over The bishop of Cuba, Rt. Rev. there is no officially appointed the country are making plans Hiram R. Hulse, affirms that catechist are helpers who voland carrying them out. When Protestant missionary work has untarily keep up regular Sunday the Government a few months had a noticeable effect on the services, although they do not ago, in cutting a new boulevard Roman Catholic Church. Cath- give instruction to candidates in Mexico City, was obliged to olic bishops, suddenly realizing for baptism, nor are they retake over the Presbyterian what co u 1d be accomplished sponsible for day-school work. Church, which has a thousand among the country people, have There are also keen young Chrismembers, it gave in return a now sent priests outside urban tian men who are ready to much better building formerly boundaries. This is especially preach occasionally and assist in occupied by a group of schis- true in the Province of Cama- any other church work which matic Roman Catholics in a bet- giiey, where Spanish padres-have they find to do. It is for all these ter location. The high altar was followed close upon the heels of that the school is held. In 1935, not removed but the images were their Protestant cousins. Often fifty-four men and two women taken out of their niches, and Bishop Hulse receives inquiries were in attendance. At least John 3: 16 placed by the church from officials in the Roman Cath- six languages were heard on the members where the Guadalupe olic Church asking just how he premises. Subjects taught were Virgin had stood for many does it. Partly for this reason, Old Testament History, New years. Bishop Hulse concludes, the Ro-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK &6

Testament Exegesis, Christian ned as one feature of a scheme Gladstone was based upon what Doctrine, Moravian Church His- to evangelize that city. This is he called "the impregnable rock tory, Elementary Homiletics, but a preliminary to a world- of Holy Scripture." Lord Salis- Day-School Methods and Sing- wide evangelistic campaign, and bury was a devout churchman, ing. There were also Medical next March the effort will be ex- and so was Asquith, the Congre- tended to provincial centers and gationalist; Balfour, MacDon- Lectures. The contrast between the afterward overseas. Dr. Thomas ald and Bonar Law, the Presbypresent and 30 years ago is Cochrane, the president of the terians; Lloyd George, the Bap- striking. Then there was only movement, said that the coun- tist and Stanley Baldwin, the one Indian young man who was tries which had sent mission- Anglican of Methodist ancestry, even trying to lead a decent aries abroad were now them- who, in outspoken fashion, con- moral life : today there are many selves in danger of becoming fesses that without the Bible, he young men who are keen, pagan, and it was therefore ur- would be hard pressed by the straight-living Christians, and gently necessary to seek a re- weight of his responsibilities.

thoughtful Bible students. To- vival at home. John Bright, the B r i tis h day there are Christian Indians -The Living Church. Quaker statesman, lifted the ora- who even on business journeys tory of the House of Commons will not let Sunday pass without Oxford Group at Geneva and of the political platform into trying to gather people together the realm of prophecy by his defor a simple service. Some of the strongest repre- votion to the Bible. King George sentatives of the Oxford Group -Moravian Missions. promised his mother, Queen assembled at Geneva when the Alexandra, that he would read Evangelical Trend League of Nations was in ses- the Bible every day, and he Rev. C. Darley Fulton, South- sion, and so managed it that Dr. states that he has kept the ern Presbyterian worker, writes Benes, President of the As- promise.

from Brazil: "I am amazed at sembly, invited his associates to the extent and momentum of the Evangelical Movement in North a luncheon to meet the Groupers Waldensians in the Crisis Brazil. I am confident that the and hear their message. Some committee has little idea of the 400 persons, including represen- Young men of the Waldensian fine work that has been done and tatives of forty-four nations, ac- Church, the oldest Protestant the results that have been at- cepted the invitation. Ethiopians communion in the world, have tained. I had imagined that one and Italians were present. They been drafted to service in Africa. might possibly find as many as heard representatives of this The battalion of Alpine, first to a dozen congregations scattered Christian fellowship make a plea embark, was commanded by a through this vast territory. In- for the settlement of interna- Waldensian, son of a well-known stead I found that there are lit- tional disputes by the method of professor of history. Waldensian erally scores of them, that the Christ, by reason and under- chaplains have not been apchurches and chapels are crowd- standing, absolute honesty, sin- pointed for Africa, but the spired everywhere, the people eager cerity, purity. They did not stop itual needs may be cared for by and enthusiastic and the pros- Mussolini, but they did make a two Waldensian pastors working pects bright for a great develop- great impression on those who with the Swedish Mission in ment of the Church in this area. were present, some of whom had Eritrea. Opportunities are taken never realized the vitality of for the distribution of the New "It is freely recognized that Christian religion when em- Testament and Gospels. the evangelical cause is enjoying bodied in living men and women. a season of great favor in this One man who was present said: The situation in Italy is one of area just now. The stronger "The Oxford Group has given me exceptional gravity for Waldenchurches seem to be conscious of a new faith in the body of Christ, sians; almost every activity is their responsibility for sur- where miracles happen. The faced with the danger of being rounding communities. Prac- Group has given us a new vision closed, and the League's sanctically every organized congre- of the Church as. a living body, tions may eventually make it gation had a number of mission with Christ as the soul – a difficult, even impossible, for points through which it was Church marching, fighting, vic- Protestants outside Italy to send preaching the Gospel." torious." financial help to the Waldensian Church, although no embargo at -Christian Observer. -The Christian Advocate. present is placed upon gifts for religious and humanitarian pur- EUROPE Public Men and the Bible poses. After the present trou- bles are ended, the clerical party World-Wide Campaign for The Watchman – Examiner may come into power, with grave London urges the habit of daily Bible results to the Waldensians.

reading by calling attention to -The Christian.

With the whole-hearted coop- the fact that the Prime Minis- Warning to Nazi Neo-Pagans eration of several hun d red ters of Great Britain, one after churches, fifty campaigns in and the other, have been men of the The Nordic pagan symbol, a around London have been plan- Bible. The entire thinking of silver swastika in the form ofa

sunwheel on a robin's-egg-blue ism is probably only a bargain- were recorded during Mayas field has been subjected to offi- ing point in his controversy with against 4,381 marriages. This cial Nazi "desecration." Alfred the established churches. What revision is directed toward tight- Rosenberg and other recognized really is at stake is the moral ening responsibility of parents neopagans of the Nazi Retch, leadership of the 6,000,000 boys for their children. Indications united in what is known as the and girls in the German Youth multiply that Soviet Russia is Wagnerian Guards, have been Movement. . . . Hitler insists in recognizing the value of the told to cease their propaganda bringing them up under the home to the nation. for the neopagan cult apparently guidance of the swastika." because the propaganda is an- Signs in Germany seem to The Gospel in Siberia tagonizing other nations. Hitler point to a restoration of the priv- Although Soviet Russia tries was said also to have imposed ileges of religion within the to keep her frontier from pene- bans on Teutonic cult-festivals State. The Evangelical Church tration of the Gospel, Christian and on further building of open- Committee, recently created by workers are finding it possible air amphitheaters in Germanic Hans Kerrl, has ordered legal ac- successfully to evade this pro- style where such gatherings tion against Protestant pastors hibition. Agreements have been might be conducted. in Prussia to be stopped. made with sailors on the Sun- German churchmen believe gari River whereby they are in- that Hit I e r 's announcement Russia – Whither Bound? termediaries in this connection. means tliat twilight had set in Steamers from Harbin reaching for the Wagnerian Guards and Many different opinions are that Dr. Alfred Rosenberg's phi- expressed about Russia, Dr. the Amur River visit the wharfs along the Russian coast. There losophy of a German faith with Walter Van Kirk, Secretary of they quietly leave Scripture cop- German gods will no longer be the Department of International tolerated. ies, and there are always plenty Justice and Goodwill of the Fed- of persons eager to read the Hans Kerrl, the Nazi Minister eral Council of the Churches of much prized books. One Red Christ in America, upon his reof Church Affairs, has also is- soldier wrote the radio station, sued the following statement: turn from a recent tour of in- expressing gratitude for the ser- "Reich-Chancellor Hitler, acting vestigation, reports: mon broadcasts and saying there were many religious people in at the wish of Dr. Hjalmar "I have the distinct impres- Schacht (P res ide n t of the ·sion that before very long that the Soviet army, and that often Reichsbank and Economics Min- country will be, in the main, a they have long conversations ·godless and churchless land. upon the question of salvation. ister), has had country and dis- Churches are neglected. They As it is impossible to find a Bible trict leaders advised that 'Hitler have been stripped of their in the place where they are stawill lead the Party along the crosses. Their general appear- tioned, they were very happy path of positive Christianity and not along the false path of anti- · ance is one of desolation. Train- when some frontier sentinels ing for the ministry is strictly discovered a few small-sized Christian doctrine.' " forbidden." The offering at one Holy Scriptures when by chance The Washington Post says: church, visited by Dr. Van Kirk, they visited one of the frontier "Doctor Schacht must have been "consisted of five pieces of black villages. At first the Gospels largely motivated by a concern bread, four green apples and an for the strangling economy of his were thrown under a bench, but country. The connection between egg. Russia is in the business afterwards the soldiers began to of getting rid of religion as well take them out one by one and as Reich Treasury statements and as ecclesiasticism." – read them. They were amazed Reich Druid dances is not so re- by the logical force of the Bible, mote might at first appear. – Watchman-Examiner.

"Dances and all the other rites Divorce Law in Russia and the soldier mentioned above of the Wagnerian Guards, as the says that until he secured a copy neopagans were officially known, The Soviet Government is he had read nothing but atheistic have come .to represent in the changing its laws governing di- literature. AFRICA mind of the world the psycho- vorce, which have been so shnple pathic hysteria which dominates that a man or woman could go to Ethiopia's Black Jews the divorce bureau, signify that Germany today.

"Consciously 0 r otherwise, he or she wanted a divorce, pay a Among the 5,000,000 inhabit- there has developed a disinclina- trifling sum, and leave entirely ants of Emperor Haile Selastion on the part of civilized peo- free from a former life partner. sie's land are 50,000 who call ple everywhere to enter upon Frequently the divorced party themselves "House of Israel."

dealings with a people seriously was completely ignorant of the They claim to be descendants of interested in the worship of step taken. The new law gives Abraham; worship in syna- Wotan." eith!'lr party the right to obtain gogues, keep the Sabbath and ob- Nazi· neopaganism has made a divorce, but registration of the serve a ritual distinctly Jewish. little real progr~ss, ,says the Bos- divorce.can be effective only with The rest of the population call t o n f f e. ~r a" l "d,',-..w ·the}rnpwledge of both: parties…. them Falashes. ' It is generally hfch a d d ed : ' , , "" , " "Hitler's disavowal· of pagan- In Moscow alone 2,040 divorces conceded they are Negroes.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

These are not the only Jews The United Presbyterian Mis- ditions changed more definite whose racial origin must be ques- sion has been very successful organization became necessary. tioned. There are Chinese Jews among the Copts and the Evanand the "Bene Israel" of India; gelical Church has 50,000 mem- -C. M. S. Outlook.

on the Malabar Coast is a group bers, largely recruited from the Faith That Gets Things Done of Black Jews who unmistakably Coptic community. belong to the Negro race. Scat- Malingi and her husband were tered along the Loango Coast of -Blessed Be Egypt. old, and the big tree that stood North Africa is a tribe of Ne- stubbornly in the middle of the groes, called by their neighbors Dugald Campbell Crosses bit of land they wanted for their J udeos, who follow many Jewish Sahara garden was too much for their customs. In New York and old African strength. "I give other American cities there are The National Bible Society of up," said the husband, and went synagogues of Black Jews. Scotland has published letters back to the house leaving the from Mr. Dugald Campbell, the gardening, which is woman's Though Jews of today claim Society's agent who recently work, to his wife. to be nonproselyting, there have crossed the Sahara. He has piobeen periods in the past when neered his way through hitherto Malingi looked at the tree, and Judaism was aggressively mis- absolutely untouched peoples, go- looked at the big stretch of sionary. Christ referred to this ing from oasis to oasis, and in ground which she might use if when He declared of the zealots his six months' journey he had it weren't there. "Didn't our of His day: "Ye compass sea circulated many thousands of Lord say if we had faith we and land to make one proselyte." Scriptures, and had established could move mountains ?" she said contacts with desert dwellers of to herself. "I'm going to move -Our Jewish Neighbors. Berber, Arab and Tuareg races. that tree!"

The Copts Today He had at last arrived at Taman- Back to the house she went rasset, 4,700 feet above the sea, and brought coals from the The Italo-Ethiopian conflict where the temperature was cool. hearth fire. She laid them at prompts a word about the Copts The king of the Tuaregs had wel- the base of the tree, chopping of today. Those in Egypt and comed him cordially. He had al- out a little hole with her cutlass in Ethiopia are closely related, most died of heat and thirst in so that the fire would get a start. and in spite of age-old enmity of the desert. The temperature It was a big tree, and it didn't Mohammedans, one sees the was 1200 in the shade, and all burn all at once, but little by strange spectacle of Moham- the water he discovered was salt. little as she worked at it it medans and Copts openly united yielded. Now it lies on the in their desire to aid the Chris- -The Christian. ground, like all the others that tian nation of Ethiopia. Such Two Jubilees Malingi has brought down' to an unusual gesture may be sus- make her garden. "The Lord pected of having a political mo- The C. M. S. will celebrate two gave me my garden, because I tive. jubilees in 1936 -the diamond took His promises as he gave The Copts at present number jubilee of the Uganda Mission them to me," Malingi says. -Presbyterian Pastors' nearly one million, one-fifteenth and the golden jubilee of the . News.

of the total Moslem and Chris- Gleaners' Union, which in 1891 tian population of Egypt, and are became the Missionary Service an important minority. They League. Its chief aim has been WESTERN ASIA cherish a bitter hatred toward not to collect money, but to stir New Social Ideals other Christians, outdoing Mos- Christian people with a new vilems in this respect. Their fa- sion of the work overseas as "a A social experiment is being naticism has led them to offer great and holy cause demanding tried at Kayseri, Turkey, by open opposition in many places and deserving a front place in common accord the dirtiest town to the work of Protestant mis- the Church's thought." From the in Anatolia, despite the prover- sions and churches, but over beginning the emphasis of the 'bial shrewdness of its 40,000 in- against this are some encour- Gleaners' Union was on fellow- habitants. A state-owned settle- aging facts. Many Coptic priests ship rather than organization; ment has been created on factory are open-minded and enlightened in fact its simple form was de- grounds where workmen will be and the rank and file are reading vised by Dr. Stock to meet the given opportunity to practice all Christian literature. In the objection expressed by clergy sorts of sports and games, each Coptic church there are several and lay workers: "We really are under the guidance of some reform movements, especially overdone with organization, es- amateur official, engineer or among the younger men, and pecially C. M. S. organization." foreman. The canteen is on a co- what is more hopeful still is the The object of the Union was operative basis. Extensive build- fact that Coptic church.societies simply to unite in a fellowship of ings for personal housing are in certain place& have begun to personal service the rank and file now being erected and will con- invite missionaries to speak to of . missionary-hearted people. tain up-to-date accommodations.

them. But as the Union grew and con- A cinema, it is e~pected, will be

added. The workers will be in- the calm way in which the wom- as their bodies. To the regular troduced to a standard of living en present took it all, praising af,ternoon service on Sunday we hitherto unknown. But the fac- God for His goodness, for the have added an evening service of tory, not the individual, is the meeting, for His Word, and a free and easy type, with a wall social unit. praying for strength to meet picture to serve as an illustration these calamities bravely and to of the little talk. Each weekday -The Christian Century. be a witness to their neighbors. begins with a prayer service One poor woman whose son is a with the hospital staff, though Palestine Citizenship cripple and husband a lame ped- others are invited. This year we dler, when asked what she would have been delighted beyond A campaign is planned by do when she lost her house, an- words to see three of the staff Zionist leaders to persuade per- swered, "I don't know at all. We become Christians." manent Jewish residents of for- are just trusting God." eign nationalities to adopt Pales- -Neglected Arabia. tine citizenship. Of Palestine's -Missionary Herald. 350,000 Jewish residents, only Ion Keith Falconer Mission 130,000 are Palestine citizens. Progress in Arabia Disease and other obstacles Syrian Orphanage Dr. Paul Harrison writes that have made it difficult to estab- the new hospital at Matrah, lish a missionary footing in On November 11, it was sev- Arabia, is a joy, and that the South Arabia. Fifty years ago enty-five years since the Syrian people show genuine cordiality. Ion Keith Falconer went there Orphanage began its blessed "It has been a particular pleas- as a missionary of the Free work in Jerusalem. At present ure," writes Dr. Harrison, "to Church of Scotland, and two there are 53 European and 37 gain the appreciation and warm years later this scholar missionnative workers who carryon in friendship of the ruling sultan ary died a victim of malignant 4 stations. The mission prepares and to see the hostility of the in- malaria. His work was not in the children under its care for land sheikhs diminish, so that vain-a mission was founded in the most varied pursuits and at opportunities for touring are Sheikh Othman. In spite of disthe same time constitutes a opening in several directions. couragements this mission has strong moral backing for the Our plans for touring miscar- definitely developed. Fifty years Evangelical native Christians. ried, so that the total volume of ago the work was carried on in a The chief settlement in J eru- work is less than last year, hut fifteen feet by twelve which salem is now compelled to move though the numbers treated in served as consulting room and since the part of the city in Matrah are larger. Five thou- dispensary, and accommodated which it stands is being occupied sand patients made 18,000 visits three in-patients. Today there more and more completely by ,to the dispensary. Major opera- are two hospitals – a general Jews. The city administration tions were just over fifty. The hospital with about fifty beds, proposes to convert it into an in- summer was a very trying one and a leper hospital with about dependent Jewish suburb with and the resistance of the people thirty. There are two schools a Jewish city council and mayor. was evidently greatly reduced. for boys, a junior and senior, There have been several cases of and some educational work for The Syrian Orphanage is to tuberculosis applying for treat- girls. There is the nucleus of an move from the northwestern ment. When possible we send orphanage. In 1893 the Keith part of the city to the southern. such cases to India where X-ray Falconer Memorial Church was For the same reason the two is available, and, with it, more built; it has undertaken chap- Kaiserswerth institutions, the constant supervision and better laincy service among troops in girls' orphanage, Talitha Kumi, nursing. For nine out of ten Aden. and the German hospital, have such patients a trip to India is also decided to plant new settle- impossible, and we hope for the Converts to Christianity have ments in the southern part of the time when a small X-ray plant been so few that there are no city. will make us more competent to native Christians available as as- handle them. Practically all our sistants, but the doors into this Armenian Refugees Evicted general surgery is done under closed land are being very slowly spinal anesthesia and the results opened. About ten thousand people have been very satisfactory, so were put out of their homes dur- satisfactory indeed that we feel -E. M. M. S. Quarterly. ing the summer in the Armenian that some of the solutions now Settlement near Aleppo, Syria, in use in Muscat may be worth INDIA AND SIAM the government tearing down publishing. Women and chiltheir shacks or small houses of dren have been coming this year A Difficult Problem sun-dried brick because the own- in much larger numbers, due to ers of the land demanded their the fact that Mrs. Harrison is The so-called Chamar moveproperty. Mrs. John E. Merrill, there to mix their medicines ment is presenting a difficult American Board missionary at with sympathy and interest, and problem. The Chamars are Aleppo, led the last meeting in be a nurse to their souls as well workers in leather. Within the the Bethel Church, also to be past few years they have become torn down, and was amazed at greatly interested in Christian- ity and have eagerly welcomed

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Christian evangelists. No", they Shine on, Lone Star I Thy radiance ready for dedication in less than are seeking baptism in large bright a month. Bricks can be dug and numbers. The que s t ion is dried for nothing; palmyra trees whether to baptize them, and Shall spread o'er all the eastern sky. supply light, strong roof timber then not be able to teach them and a leaf thatch will keep out adequately, so that they may be- This time the poet prevailed. sun and rain for two years. The come communicant church mem- floor is clean sand. This little bers. Last year a large gather- Again in 1862 there was a de- church is only a mile from aning of mission workers and mand that the Mission be aban- other congregation, whose leader Chamars met to discuss the sub- doned, but again ,the decision will go every Sunday and hold a ject. Many groups are eager to was overruled, reenforcements service. -C. M. S. Outlook. have their own church building. were sent, and today there are Workers are adding to their ter- over 110,000 members of Bap- To End Animal Sacrifice ritories, already too large, to get tist churches in that area; in semi-frequent visits to these twenty-eight stations and over A Hindu pundit, Ramchander, people. 300 organized churches. has fasted for more than a month outside the temple at Indian Poverty -Watchman-Examiner. Kalighat, near Calcutta, as a protest against animal sacrifices According to a statistician of Devil Devotees Buy Gospels at the temple. Frantic attempts Gujerat College in Armadabad, are being made by priests of this the latest estimate of the aver- Mallianoor is not a very im- temple to counteract the inage annual income for each per- portant spot in Madras Presi- fluence which the hunger strike son in India is Rs. 58, which dency, except for its annual fes- is exerting among Hindus. Raamounts to 6 cents a day. This tival in honor of a goddess be- bindranath Tagore has appealed is believed to be the lowest lieved to be the head of all devils. to his countrymen in Bengal not among civilized nations. People Most of the devotees are young to turn a deaf ear to the meswho borrow money from Pa- women who begin, as soon as sage of this pundit. thians and other money lenders they arrive, to dance, jump, sometimes pay 150 per cent in- scream and run in fearful fash- -The Living Church. terest per annum. One case is ion, to eat the ashes of burnt cited where a sweeper had bor- corpses, and some hang the en- Christmas At Moulmein rowed Rs. 100 from a Pathian, trails of animals about their and in twelve months had paid necks. Without the Camp for October Rs. 150 as interest, yet not a pie sketches the 1934 Christmas at of the principal. To the festival this year came Moulmein L e per Hom e in six missionaries, to share with Burma. The patients began -Duyanodaya. the deluded throng their knowl- three months in advance to pre- edge of Christ. With a large pare for it by practicing scenes In Telugu Field supply of tracts and Gospels they from "Alice in Wonderland" and stood in different centers and "Little Red Riding Hood." The Those familiar with the more told gospel stories appropriate to men manufactured instruments recent history of the Telugu the occasion. They even entered for their Burmese band, even to mass movement know that there the temple with their message. a violin with a horn. Early in were three proposals to abandon In less than two hours they were November they gave a public this mission because all effort sold out of Gospel portions. concert. An offering was taken seemed fruitless. The first was and about $19 realized. This when Mr. Day, founder of the -Bible Society Record. went to the lepers' own Christmission, after the first ten years mas tree and for needed things of service, reported that there A Church for $4.00 for the colony later in the year. were few converts. "We must Gifts came from far and near; close the Mission," said his Far away from any road at mufflers from England, a good Board. "N0, we must send re- Mangulam in Tinnevelly, stands gift from America and another enforcements," said Mr. Day, a 15 shilling (less than $4.00) from India. Tea, coffee, sugar, and his advice prevailed. church. Eighteen feet by nine, milk, shirts. Game boards given it can seat 30 people, but it fills to the wards caused great joy. Again in 1853 the question the present need for there are The boys asked for baseballs and came up again. A poet was only six baptized Christians and bats. The soft indoor balls will present, and so profoundly was 20 inquirers in the village. The be very good for hands that he stirred by the proposals to usual service is a few simple bruise easily. For the whole abandon the Telugu Mission that prayers, and a Scripture lesson home, a hot water heater has he had a vision in his room that read by the only one of the been made and the Hindus of night and dared to become a group who knows one letter from our community are to be responprophet. The next morning the another. One family in the vil- sible for two or three good milk poem was read and it is stated lage has been Christian for many cows. This last gift caused that the whole assembly wept years, and new inquirers have much joy. At the lepers' own when they heard the words: come in as the result of a visit from a preaching band. It was the energetic leader of the band who decided .that they must have a church at once, and it was

gift giving the children gave a streets and preach to the mer- Chinese Peace Prayer pageant of the "Infant Jesus." chants in their little booths. Conference After the pageant, homemade Some say, 'Yes, we have read the Followers of Confucius in gifts, userul and humorous, were little Gospels, the Jesus doctrine China are proposing a World exchanged. A chance visitor seems good, and we will likely Peace Prayer Conference to profrom America was carried away all believe some day.' Others mote "Confucian cosmopolitanwith the genuine joy and good mock and say, 'We have read the ism." The promoters recognize cheer. Jesus Gospels and we read that the menace of the present com- when Jesus was on earth he petition in military training and A Hindu patient came to those worked miracles. Now you show equipment. They have therefore in charge of the pageant and us a miracle and we will believe,' invited their "Great Teacher," said, "I am not a Christian but and when they say that, Pastor, Tvan Szetsun, to give a series of I want a part in celebrating the I am troubled and I don't know lectures on "Confucian Cosmobirth of Jesus." He brought how to answer them." politanism" and to pray for with him little pots filled with world peace. Many high officials incense sticks, and so for the 1 thought a moment and re- of the Chinese military and civil pageant there was incense-not plied, "Well, Mr. Chang, these government – national and local only from the sticks, but the love men know what kind of man you -have endorsed the movement. of a simple heart. were before you became a Chris- The honorary secretary is Sung tian, don't they?" He said, "Oh, Hsien-zong, 862 Boone Road, The Boon Itts yes, they know that I drank and Shanghai. gambled and led an impure life." Pitsanuloke Station, Siam, was So I said, "And they know what Communists Leave a Trail served by Rev. Boon Itt, a man kind of man you have been since of determination and spiritual- you became a Christian?" "Oh, ity, grandson of one of the first yes," he said, "they know I am a Like a horde of wild beasts, Siamese Christians and a grad- very different man now." So I the large army of Soviet commuuate of Williams College and of said, "Well, Mr. Chang, the next nists who were driven out of the Auburn Seminary in the United time one of these men asks you southeastern provinces of China States. His son, Boon Itt, II, to show him a miracle, you say, have moved across country to was educated in Bangkok Chris- 'Look at me. I am a miracle of the far west border and then tian College and at Silliman Uni- Jesus Christ.''' His face lit up. turned north, leaving a trail of versity in the Philippines. On "Why," he said, "I hadn't death and destruction. Missionhis return he took up medical thought of that. But it's true. aries had to evacuate their staservice in a government hospital. I'll tell them that. I am a mir- tions in Kweichow, Yunnan, Later, two years were spent in acle of Jesus Christ." scholarship study in America. western Szechwan and western Kansu. The workers of one He was in line for notable ad- Concentrate on Christianity C. I. M. station crawled on hands vancement. Then God spoke to him and he heeded the call to The American Board reports and knees up on the city wall, Pitsanuloke to take charge of that the heads of several villages medical work under the Church in the Paotingfu area invited then dropped over and crawled of Christ in Siam. So Dr. Boon Dr. Samuel H. Leger, Secretary out of sight. Unspeakable atroc- Itt takes up the work his father of Religious ';Education for the ities were committed. From one laid down. Tiny Boon Itt, III, Church of Christ in China, and community it was reported that completes the family group. a missionary: to speak to them the Reds rounded up all the on the different religious and young men they could catch and -The Christian Century. moral teachings. Before he be- asked them how many would like gan, however, one of the village to join the "movement." Out of CHINA gentry remarked, "We really fear a number signified their willingness to join up. Then A Modern Miracle know a good deal about Bud- these "volunteers" were com- dhism and the moral teachings manded to slay their neighbors The U'(I,ited Church Record of of Confucius. What we do not who preferred' to remain at Toronto gives an example of a know enough about is Christian- home. modern miracle, and its use as ity. I think we had better ask an answer to argument. The in- Dr. Leger to spend his time on Missionaries in Kweichow, cident is told by a missionary of Christianity." He did! – And Yunnan and parts of Szechwan the United Church of Canada. every day the gentry and head- are now back in their stations seeking to comfort the hearts of One day in Hamheung, Elder men came to hear him. When it their little flocks who suffered so Chang was calling on me, and he was all over these villagers in- terribly, and gather up the broken pieces for a fresh start. said, "Pastor, there is something vited a Christian teacher to their The latest word reports these that troubles me." I said, "What school, and hired Miss Chang hordes as converging toward the is that, Elder Chang?" He said, from the Paotingfu Bible School southern part of Kansu. Per- "In my spare time I go down the to work among them. sons familiar with that section

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

are wondering what will happen not only to bring ,these men to members," 60, 70, even 90 years when they attempt to pass Christ, but to help them to be de- of age. They may be seen every through the territory inhabited livered from besetting tempta- afternoon at two o'clock, aslargely by Mohammedans, who tion. The nation's leaders are sembling at their own tile roofed· are not of the sort to tolerate an sorely perplexed with problems building near the West Gate invasion by communists or any of character building, relations Presbyterian Church. The only one else. between parents and children object of their Association is to and the like; and those who are pray, and they call their build- -Moody Institute Monthly. seriously concerned about the ing the "Old People's House of moral and ethical tendencies in Prayer." Moslem Union in Manchukuo Japan are anxious to find out the best and most effective way for Some months ago Mr. Chang The Moslem World announces the guidance of the younger gen- Shup, 81-year-old chairman of a Moslem Union in Manchuria, eration. They are kindly dis- the Association, said to Prof. M. composed of nearly 600 Moslems, posed toward Christianity. W. Oh: "We cannot forget Mr. including I n d ian s, Tartars, R. J. Thomas, his preaching and Turks and Japanese. The aim is -The Living Church. his martyrdom, and want to do to preach the Koran in the Far something in his memory. We East. The headquarters of the Kagawa's New Novel prayed for a long time about this. Union is in Tokyo. Moslem Eventually God told us to build a mosques and schools are being The first instalment of Kag- preaching boat to be called "Margradually set up in Tokyo, Kobe awa's long anticipated novel, tyr Thomas" to preach the Gosand other cities in Japan, for "Christ," has appeared in Kaizo, pel to boatmen on the Taidong which land has been given free a secular magazine of liberal and River. We never heard of anyby the Government, who is also intellectual inclination. The one trying to preach to them. providing teachers and paying story starts with the coming of Weare old and weak physically, their salaries. It is estimated John's disciples for the Bap- but we cannot sit still. We dethat there are 17,000 members tist's body, and plunges quickly cided to raise money for the of this Union in the Far East. into the incidents of Jesus' early boat. It will seat about 50, and ministry, as seen through orien- cost 600 yen. I am sure God JAPAN tal eyes. will bless this small work of His 'old children' in Pyengyang." Anglican Opportunities They Wanted a Christian Funeral -Korea Mission Field. The Anglican Church in Japan has 11 bishops, 400 clergy and A young Japanese pastor was ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC lay workers, and about 20,000 called to an isolated village communicants. This is the out- where lived a lone Christian Silliman University Attacked growth of 70 years' effort on the mother. Her baby had died and part of churches in England, the she wanted a Christian funeral. Silliman University is under United States and Canada. The As the pastor entered the door heavy fire from Catholic forces Japanese Church has not yet the grandmother said, "I want a in the Philippines. The opening reached complete autonomy. Buddhist funeral. That's what gun was fired in these words: we are used to here." Kneeling, The Brotherhood of St. An- the mother pleaded, "Please stay. After noting the activities of Protdrew has recently been revived I want a Christian funeral for estant schools, and their methods of in Japan, and finds abundant op- my baby." "Of course I'll stay," destroying the faith of young men and portunity for putting its motto, responded the minister. After women, we remind the parents that "Prayer and Service," into effect. it was all over the grandmother they are under obligation not to send Some forty years ago when suddenly said. "I want you to their children to the aforementioned young men were graduating come and give me a Christian schools, with this warning that they from Christian Mission Schools, funeral." "Bless your heart, are amenable to punishment as folgovernment offices and chief Grandma," laughed the young lows: "Parents and guardians, who, business and banking houses minister, "you have many happy by their own free will, send their chilwere closed to them. They had years of life ahead of you." dren to the schools where non-Catholic to trust only in their own sheer "Well, then," she insisted, "come religion is taught, are amenable to exability. In these days, however, and teach me to live a Christian communication, which right is redanger lies in just the other way. life." He promised to visit her served in the hands of the Bishop They are employed by some busi- once a month. This body also reminds the cure of ness and banking firms simply their duty to refuse the sacraments to by virtue of their being Chris- -Overseas News. those parents and guardians who do tians. However, when they are not endeavor to avoid the danger of brought in contact with non- Preaching Boat in Korea losing the faith of their children and Christian men who work in the wards." same office, temptation gathers Pyengyang has an "Old Men's its tremendous force. The duty Association," formed six years This was added as a sort of of the Brotherhood workers is ago. There are now over 100 postscript : And perhaps the parents will ask this question, "To what schools the Catholic children should not go?"

(A) "Silliman Institute." .

The University· waited . to Bible into Tahitian was cele- ago. Colonial authorities never watch the effect on attendance. brated in December in all Prot- allowed a mission to start work When classes opened the enrol- estant churches in the South there, but now there are a num- ment was 150 more than last Seas. ber of churches consisting of year. At the 34th anniversary The end of his 22 years of Batak immigrants.

celebration in Aug u s t, 140 labor on the project was signal- Amboinese Christians are in alumni were present for the va- ized by Henry Nott, one of the somewhat similar conditions to rious activities. Never in the great South Seas missionaries, the Bataks. Their native islands history of the school has there in a letter to the London Mis- cannot hold them, and for many been such a group gathered at sionary Society late in December, years they have been spreading one time. At the banquet, the 1835, with the words: "You will all over the archipelago, being mayor of Dumaguete, the gov- be pleased to hear that on the employed as government officials, ernor of the province and the 18th of December last, at half soldiers, police, etc. Everywhere representative of the district in past 1 0'clock, I finished the they cling to their faith, and in the legislature spoke in glowing translation of the Bible into the some cases have been the means terms of Silliman, and apologeti- Tahitian language." of spreading the Gospel among cally for the rabid attacks. Nott made his translation not non-Christian tribes. The latest -Philippine Presbyterian. only from the English but also instance is in the island of Bali, from Hebrew and Greek sources. on which attention has lately One X-Ray for a Million He arrived at Tahiti in 1797 been focused. -Malaysia Message. Milwaukee Mission Hospital, aboard the Duff, first missionary Legaspi, P. 1., is rejoicing in the ship sent out by the London Mis- A New Hebrides Martyr sionary Society, and remained at installation of an up-to-date his post until his death in 1844. The John G. Paton Mission in X-ray unit which will do all In four years the missionary had the New Hebrides has suffered mastered the native language a severe setback at one of its kinds of radiography, fluoro- sufficiently to make his first pub- stations, opened two years ago lic address to the Tahitians in among the cannibals of North scopic examinations, and surface their own tongue. Nott's body is Malekula. For more than forty and intermediate therapy treat- buried near the royal tombs in years missionaries have sought ments. Since it is the only X-ray the district of Arue. to gain entrance there, but the power of the ancestral chiefs between Legaspi and Manila it Missionary Aeroplane was so great that not until two years ago were they able to settle must serve over a million people. The Neuendettelsau Mission Apon, a native teacher, in one of in Dutch New Guinea uses for its the villages. It was a position During a ten-day agricultural work an aeroplane, named the of great danger, requiring in- "Papua" which has been in use finite tact, but through sheer and commercial carnival and this past year. Up to June it strength of character Apon suc- had made 145 flights in 107 fly- ceeded in gaining the goodwill of fair, free fluoroscopic examina- ing hours and had carried 258 the savage tribesmen, and nine tions were offered, and 1,734 per- passengers and 16,000 kgs. of converts were won. Then trousons took advantage of the offer. freight. From now on it is to fly ble arose from the recruitment every Tuesday to one of the three of native women for plantation All were intensely interested in inland stations, Ega, Ogelbeng w 0 r k. Infuriated husbands finding out whether or not they and the American station, Kero- started a vendetta not only wagi. The main purpose of these against whites, but all who were had tuberculosis. Many came out Tuesday flights is to carry pro- friendly with whites. Apon was of the room with glad faces and visions. at once marked down as a victim. a joyful "0. K." on their lips for One day when returning home their waiting companions. Those Batak Christians after his morning's visitation he was shot down from behind by who were asked to wait for fur- Because their own country is a savage, although personally re- over populated, the younger gen- spected. ther advice did not look so eration of Batak Christians is happy, but all were grateful for spreading all over adjacent In his short period of service the help. Records show that 30 areas; even in the largest towns Apon had made a beginning of a of Sumatra and Java there are Christian village. With the. conper cent of all deaths in the Batak settlements, and every- verts he had planted hundreds of Islands are due to TB. A spe- where they found their own coconuts, had introduced new churches. There are colonies of kinds of fruit, and was looking cial effort was made during the free X-ray clinics to distribute tracts and h e a I t h pamphlets. Many were the discussions overheard as to spiritual things. Said one young woman: "My husband and I have long been seeking just what we now find in the Christian religion, but we never knew where to find it before."

-Philippine Presbyterian.

Tahitian Bible Centenary Batak Christians in the Atjeh forward to a life of usefulness in territory, whose inhabitants are the service of the Master. His The centenary of the comple- considered the most fanatical death has scattered the little tion of the translation of the Muslims of the whole archipel- flock. -The Christian.

Missionary

I Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~'I===-=—=-=-=—-=–=–=~==~—-==-~=—=~ The Netherlands Indies. By Joh. tion of this island world, a sketch and the numerous appendices, Rauws, H. Kraemer, F. J. F. Van of its history, and of the dawn Hasselt and N. A. C. Slotemaker de of missionary interest in Hol- including one on Bible transla- Bruine. World Dominion Press, land. This is followed by an il- New York City, 1935. 186 pp. 58. luminating chapter on Culture, tions for this vast area. The net. Politics, and Religion by Dr. H. Kraemer. He describes the Is- five maps are large and well At last we have an adequate lamic and Animistic background and accurate account in English in which Christianity has had its printed. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. of that part of the great mission- conquests. Today nearly one and ary enterprise hitherto shrouded a half million natives belong to Rivalries in Ethiopia. By Elizabeth in the mists of reports, manuals the Protestant Church. The P. MacCallum. Introduction by and monographs in the Dutch number of Pagans is rapidly de- Newton D. Baker. 8 yo. 64 pp. and German languages. It is as- creasing and a real impact has 50 cents. World Peace Foundation. tounding that we have English been made on Islam. In no other New York. 1935. biography of Nommensen the field are there so many Moslem great pioneer of Sumatra and converts. This is a little book of facts that the extraordinary success of touching on Ethiopia and the the work among the Bataks is Weare told that in Java Italian invasion. It contains a almost a closed chapter to those "every year the number of Jav- small sketch map to show the reotherwise well-informed on mis- anese Christians by conversion lation of Ethiopia to the sursions. There are probably 41,- from Islam is increasing by rounding Italian, British and 718,000 people on the one island many hundreds. Forty thousand French interests. Miss Macof Java, nearly all Moslems, a in the midst of forty million Callum seeks to be impartial in density of population without Moslems is, however, a very her statements, showing the imparallel (817 to the square mile) small number. Yet Java as a portance of this "bone of conand that among them Christian mission field is an exception tention" and the history of missions count 67,346 converts. among the Moslem countries of treaties that affect the country's The oldest and most successful the world. In central and eastern fate. Italy covets this "Naboth's of missions in this area is that in Java wherever well planned mis- Vineyard" and has determined Sumatra where there is a self- sionary work is undertaken re- to take it by force. Ethiopia, supporting Christian church of sults are sure to follow. The rea- Britain and France object. The over 300,000 members. Thirteen son for this exceptional situation League of Nations covenants are years ago it was our privilege to in a Moslem country is that only flouted by Italy who is losing visit the Dutch East Indies and the north coast and the western prestige and seems to care nothlearn something of the marvel- part of Java are consciously and ing for the consequences to other lous work of God's Spirit among tenaciously attached to Islam. nations. primitive tribes in Sumatra and The remainder of the country is among the Moslems of Java. still in process of Islamization. The book is readable and in- The old Javanese heritage and forming on a subject of present- This is one of the best surveys the innate Javanese psychology day interest. yet published by the World Do- make the people more openminion Movement. It is a com- minded to spiritual forces of dif- Christian Youth in Action. By Frank posite picture by two mission- ferent origin than is usual in W. Herriott. 8 yo. 169 pp. $1.00, aries and two administrators. Moslem countries." cloth; 60 cents, paper. Friendship Apparently much of the material Press. New York. 1935. was translated from the Dutch A description of the work of language and is not without oc- thirty-seven Protestant societies The youth movement of today casional error due to lack of and eleven Roman Catholic or- is not quite so insistent on its knowledge of Dutch ecclesias- ganizations and orders is crowd- "divine rights" as it was ten tical terms. In ten chapters we ed into these significant chapters years ago but the youth must have first a geographical descrip- still be reckoned with. They must be helped to establish true standards and reach Christ's ideals. Dr. Herriott has had twenty years' experience with youth-in the pastorate, during the War and in Y. M. C. A. work.

Any of the books noted in these columns wil1 be sent by the R1VI1W publishers on receipt of price.

[63 ]

He is now Professor of Religious The third volume takes up how also number 3,196,623 in the na- Education and Psychology in to win people to Christ, the prin- tional (Colored) Convention. Union Theological Seminary and ciples and practice of steward- Other denominations inc Iud e at the same time Educational ship and the missionary call. Colored members in their statis- Secretary of the West Side Y. M. tics and have no separate bodies. C. A., New York. Dr. Herriott The fourth volume is, what its This Year Book gives a full re- takes up America's needs – for name implies, brief outline port of ·church Boards and offi- economic betterment, for health- studies of Bible characters in cials, of Negro churches in ier race relationships, for social their historical setting. twenty-two branches, interna- justice, for release from mili- tional organizations, missionary tarism and for a more adequate Each chapter suggests a series work, publication soc i e tie s, religious life. Christian youth of "problems" for review and ex- Negro colleges, the Negro in wants action, rather than talk, to amination and many have black- business and other valuable correct present evils. board outlines. Each volume facts. contains a selected bibliography Next Dr. Herriott shows what in its subject but we are sur- Can God-? 10,000 miles of Miracle Christian young men and young prised to note the omission of in Britain. women are doing and can do to such valuable books as those by meet these needs-in local com- Lawrence, Hoslett, Schauffler, Prove Me Know. 10,000 miles of munities, in national service and J ames, Pease and other recog- Miracle to Moscow. By J. Edwin for world betterment. The sug- nized authorities. Since these Orr. Is. each. Marshall, Morgan gestions are varied and practical studies are put out by the South- & Scott. London. 1935. so that any earnest group of ern Baptist Convention there Christian young people should be can be no question as to their The first v.olume tells how Ed- able to find 'here something to fit conservative viewpoint. They win Orr traveled six times over their abilities and opportunities. are evidently based on wide read- England, Ireland and Wales, wit- Each chapter has references to ing and experience. nessing for Christ, and living by recent books and articles for faith. He tells here the story of further study. The whole study Cooperation and the World Mission. answered prayer. It is told is practical and social rather By John R. Mott. 79 pp. $1.00. simply and to the glory of God. than spiritual in its ideals but it International Missionary Council. presents effectively the call for New York. 1935. The second volume tells of a definite service for all who claim similar experience on the con- . to follow Christ in His ministry John Mott's name on the title tinent. The age of miracles is to meet human needs. page of a book is a hallmark of not past. worth. The Christian world has Creative Learning. By J. M, Price learned that he has something to The Basic Beliefs of Jesus. By and J. L. Corzine. 8 vo. 272 pp. say and that he knows how to Bishop Paul B. Kern. 12 mo. 247 say it clearly and effectively. In pp. $2.00. Cokesbury Press. Nash- Old Testament Biographies. By H. this small but important book he ville, Tenn. 1935. W. Tribble, John L. Hill and K. M. summarizes the achievements Yates. 8 vo. 229 pp. and progress of the cooperative The author, a bishop of the movement in missionary work as Methodist Episcopal Church, The Bible and the Bible School. By he has had abundant opportunity South, has given here a study of J. B. Weatherspoon and G. S. Dob- to observe it in his extensive Jesus as revealed in his beliefs bins. 8 vo. 268 pp. travels. It is an authoritative which underlie His life and and valuable compendium and work. Here are set forth His Making the World Christian. By P. heartening to all who hope and character and His conception of E. Burroughs, A. J. Brown and John· pray for unity of planning and the universe; His belief in God I. Freeman. 8 vo. 335 pp. 75 effort in world evangelization. and in ultimate good; His faith cents each. Broadman Press. Nash- in the oneness of the human race ville, Tenn. 1935. ARTHUR J. BROWN. and in universal brotherhood; His view of himself and His rela- These four volumes offer a val- Year Book of Negro Churches. Com- tion to God. These chapters uable course in religious educa- piled by Bishop Riverdy C. Ransom. form a valuable contribution to tion for teaching training classes 1935-1936. Wilberforce University. present-day theological and prac- at home or on the mission field. Wilberforce, Ohio. tical problems. Many will differ They are prepared by teachers from the author in some points~ and are well printed and bound, The first Negro Methodist was as for instance in his view of offered at a very low price. baptized by John Wesley in "election" and "decrees of God" 1758; the African Methodist -yet all earnest and intelligent The first volume takes up ele- Episcopal Church was begun in students will find here much ments in character-building – a Baltimore in 1884. Today they light to correct misunderstand- psychological background – and have a well organized church ings and good material to stim- goes on to deal with the meaning with many educated ministers ulate thought. Bishop Kern has and methods of imparting and and a membership of over 1,200,- combined his liberal Christian receiving knowledge. 000 in three bra n c h e s – the philosophy with his Biblical the- African M. E., the Zion M. E. ology. The second volume is a more and Colored M. E. The Baptists general study of the Bible and the Bible school and shows how to make the best of both.

Books ~bt 1Stng'1S rsU1Stnt1S1S

The Answer of God. Seventieth An- published by niversary of the China Inland Mis- sion. Marshall Broomhall. 93 pp. BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES China Inland M,ission. London. A monthly Bible Family Magazine with something in it The American College and Univer- for every member of the family circle sity. A Human Fellowship. Charles Franklin Thwing. 244 pp. $2.25. I SSUED for twenty-five years without interruption. THE KING'S BUSI- Macmillan. New York. NESS has consistently represented the best thought of the funda- Bible Stories for Small People. mental Christian churches of the nation. In addition to its Muriel Chalmers and Mary Ent- interesting contributions by leading teachers, evangelists and pastors, wistle. Illus. 12 vol. 60 pp. each. it prints every month several valuable departments, including: An 25 cents each. Thos. Nelson & Sons. International Lesson Commentary, Notes o~ Christian Endeavor, Daily New York. Devotional Readings, Girls' Query Corner, Junior King's Business, and Church Community and State. J. H. Helps for Preachers and Teachers. Trial subscriptions (3 months) 25c; Oldham. Pamphlet. Harpers. New Annual subscriptions $1.50. The following premiums are at present York. avaiJable ,fre~ with annual subscriptions: a teacher's Bible, a copy of Jam1eson s Bible Chart, or a copy of Objects that Talk and Teach, con- Ethiopia-A Pawn in European Di- plomacy. Ernest Wrok. 354 pp. taining 52 new and interesting object lessons. The supply of each of $2.50. Macmillan. New York. these premiums is limited, so order at once.

Ethiopia in the Light of Prophecy. Address: L. Sale-Harrison. 29 pp. 20 cents. Evangelical Press. Harrisburg, Pa. mbt i{ing'5 j'Su5int55 Jeremiah. With Explanatory Notes 558 South Hope Street Los Angeles, California and Paraphrases. E. H. Broadbent. 284 pp. 4s. Pickering & Inglis. Sex and Temperament in Three Prim- Obituary Notes London. itive Societies. Margaret Mead. 335 pp. $3.00. William Morrow. (Continued from 2d cover.) The Love Life. W. Graham Scroggie. New York. 96 pp. 1s. Pickering & Inglis. Egypt at the time of Dr. Hockman's London. Tracts for the Times. 1. Why Chris- death. He was a popular and efficient tian Missions? E. H. Jeffs. 2. Un- missionary, devoting his life sacri- Ralph Norton and the Belgian Gos- dying Flame, McEwan Lawson. 3. fieally to help the Ethiopians in both pel Mission. Edith F. Norton. Are Missions Up to Date? A. V. peace and in war. 253 pp. $2.00. Revell. New York. Murray. 4. Cmsar or Christ? B. C. Plowright. 5. Seeing, We Perceive *** Religion in the Republic of Mexico. Not, D. W. Langridge. 6. What G. Baez Camargo, Kenneth G. God Is Doing About It, C. North- The Rev. Sumner R. Vinton, for- Grubb. 165 pp. 5s. World Do- cott. 7. What Right Have We to merly a Baptist missionary born of minion Press. London. Go? H. Partington. 8. Can a Man missionary parents in Rangoon, Bur- Save Himself? E. J. Price. Each ma, died at his home in Roselle, New Rockefeller Foundation. Annual Re- about 24 pp. 4d. each. Livingstone Jersey, on November 26th. Mr. Vin- port. 407 pp. Rockefeller Founda- Press. London. ton was 61 years of age and after his tion. New York. return to America helped to promote Cosmic Christianity. Leon H. Bar- missionary and welfare work through The Shadow and the Substance. Sir nett. 45 pp. $1.00. Revell. New photography. He was for some years Arthur Blackwood. 124 pp. 1s. York. in charge of the photograph publicity Pickering & Inglis. London. department of the Golden Rule Foun- The Great Battle and Our Glorious dation. His wife, Nellie Bunker Vin- The Collapse of Cotton Tenancy. Victory. M. Borduin. 23 pp. 25 ton, and a son, S. Brainerd Vinton, Chas. S. Johnson, Edwin R. Embree cents. Zondervan Pub. House. survive him. and W. W. Alexander. 81 pp. Grand Rapids, Mich. University of North Carolina Press. *** Chapel Hill, N. C. The Gist of the Lesson. R. A. Torrey. 156 pp. Revell. New York. Mrs. William G. McClure, who Four Girls and a Fortune. Esther E. went to Siam fifty years ago, died in Enock. 256 pp. 2s. Pickering & Golden Watchwords. Almanac. 40 Chiengmai, Siam, on November 29th. Inglis. London. pp. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. She and her husband, Dr. William G. London. McClure, who died in 1927, were mis- I Go a Fishing. John McMeill. 127 sionaries under the Presbyterian pp. 1s. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- How to Teach Evangelical Chris- Board of Foreign Missions. Mrs. don. tianity. Theo. Hackel, Norman E. McClure was before her marriage Miss Richardson, Klaas Jacob Stratem- Jeannie Henderson. She was born in Keswick Convention Report, 1935. meier. 122 pp. 75 cents, paper; Aughnacley County, Tyrone, Ireland, 271 pp. 2s. 6d. paper; 4s. cloth. $1.25, cloth. Zondervan Pub. House. on April 18, 1863, and came to Amer- Pickering & Inglis. London. Grand Rapids, Mich. ica at the age of four. After grad- uating from Park College she went The Prose Poetry of Su Tungo-P'o. Agnes Weston-The Sailor's Friend. to Siam as the first foreign mission- Cyril Drummond LeGros Clark. Jennie Chappell. 96 pp. 1s. Pick- ary from that college. She became a 280 pp. Kelly & Walsh. Shanghai. ering & Inglis. London. teacher in Bangkok and later went with her husband to Petchaburi where A Historical-Educational Study of What Happens After Death. William she had charge of the Boys' School and the Japan Mission of the Reformed Striker. 226 pp. $1.50. American also directed a Girls' School. Later Church in America. S. W. Ryder. Tract Society. New York. Dr. McClure became principal of the 172 pp. $2.00. Union Theological Bangkok Christian College. Seminary Book Service. New York.

Between Two Centuries: A Study of Four Baptist Mission Fields-As- sam, South India, Bengal-Orissa and South China. 246 pp. $1.00. Judson Press. Philadelphia, Pa. THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JANUARY NUMBER January, 1911-1936 ………………………………………. Murray T. Titus Islam in Ethiopia and Eritrea …………………………… Samuel M. Zwemer Evangelism in Iran ……………………………………… John Mark Irwin The Muslim Point of View ……………………………………. Orientalist A Life of Mohammed for Children …………………………… Oscar M. Buck Theology and Philosophy at Teheran University …………….. Walter A. Groves Sacrificial Giving in Iran ……………………………….. Frederick G. Coan The Kansu-Sinkiang Marches …………………………… Harold D. Hayward The Views of a Chinese Moslem …………………………….. Virginia Dacca Mohammed, Seal of the Prophets? ………………… Maulvi Abdu Rahim Nayyar and Edwin E. Calverley Current Topics – Book Reviews – Survey of Periodicals » » SUBSCRIBE NOW « 50 Cents a Copy. $2.00 d Year (postpdid) In combindtion with THE MOSLEM WORLD THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City $3.50 d Year. (Foreign Postdge, 50 Cents) British Asents: MARSHALL, MORGAN" SCOTT, 12 p.lerno.ter Buildinss, London, E. C. Price in Great Britoin, Eight Shillings 8 Yeor, net READ THE COMING ARTICLES By MISSIONARIES, NATIONAL AND TRAVELERS CHANGING ATTITUDES IN IRAN Commodore B. Fisher FROM BONDAGE TO LIBERTY IN CHILE Laura Jorquera CONTACTS WITH MOSLEMS IN ARABIA N. D. Hakken A BLACK MAN WITH A WHITE SOUL • Casa Collier THE FIRE.WALKING FESTIVAL IN INDIA MISSIONS AND MOTION PICTURES • Millicent Moody Samuel King Gam Also Look for the Special Number on Africa and Home Mission Number on Negroes in America Have you sent your subscription for 1936? Send it today and make your yearly volume complete.

Each issue contains valuable hints for "Effective Ways of Working."

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa. $2.50 a YeaT 25 Cents a Copy

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1931

ONARY

Nearly Seven MiDion LET YOUR GIfT Dollars in to Foreign Missions Annuity Agreements ·PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME Issued By You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- The Mission Boards of the sions and have a needed income for yourself Methodist Episcopal Church and others from the money you give by the WHY? Annuity Gift Plan Because the Annuity Plan Provides: This plan relieves you of uncertainty and worry caused by changing values of invested A sound investment funds and assures yoU a fixed income of A guaranteed income for life A gift to Home and Foreign Missions 4!% to 9% per year For further information write: for the rest of your life W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of A reserve fund of over $1,500.000 guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you. Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Protect yourself against loss through St., Philadelphia, Pa., or un wise i"1vestmentsand at the same time MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board help s~nd the gospel to all the wurld. of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New For full 1·n./ormation write York, N. Y. Erne.t F. Hall» Secretary.. Dept. of Annuiti•• BOARD -OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

IS6 Fifth Avenue, New York "No One Loves a Leper"

groaned the blind leper, Durdeshi, who had been cruelly driven from home by family and friends, and had traveled 60 weary miles in a rickety cart over rough roads, to reach a Leper Mission Hospital.

"There are many who love you-and God loves you, too," was the kind reply.

"Vho is this God and who are these people who can love a poor blind leper?"

he asked.

****** vVeeks passed; Durdeshi's pain-racked body was eased. He attended the Mission church services to find out about the strange God who had told his followers to "Cleanse the lepers."

Soon he decl..red his eagerness to be a fotIower of this loving Christ. Now his face shines -not alone with the bright tropical sun-but with joy and peace and health. All because Christ taught his followers to love and care for the 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – l lepers! At 150 Leper Colonies in 40 countries, the I AMERICAN MISSION TO LEPERS, Inc. Mission to Lepers is giving physical and Room 1119 K, 156 Fifth Ave., New York spiritual aid to these sufferers. But I I enclose $………… to show that some one I loves a leper.

BECAUSE OF LACK OF FUNDS I MANY MUST BE TURNED AWAY I Name …………………•.•…..••..•…..

-still believing as Durdeshi did, that "No I one loves a leper:' I Address ………….•………•….•••.••. I IJleasp IlWIltion THE lIISHIO~.RY IOJVIEW or.' THE ~ORL]) in writing- to uc1'~('rtisf'rs. COMING EVENTS REVIEW OF THE WORLD June 3-8-NoRTHERN BAPTIST CONVEN- TION, Kansas City, Mo. DELAYAN L. PIERSON, Editor June 4-GENERAL SYNOD, REFORMED CONTENTS-June, 1931 CHURCH IN AMERICA, Asbury Park, N. J. Page IS EVANGELISM OUT OF DATE ….. . June 8-20-INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS. Under the joint auspices ………•……… ROBERT E. SPEER 405 of the American Friends Service Committee and one of the Friends' MEET THESE AFRICAN GRANNIES .. Colleges near Philadelphia. For in- formation write to American Friends . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • MRS. DONAI,D h~RASER 409 Service Committee, 20 South 12th St., Philadelphia. ARE OUR MISSIONARY METHODS WRONG? …..•.. PAUL W. HARRISON 415 June 19-23–CONVENTION, WOMEN'S GEN- ERAL MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE WHEN CUBA "FELL AMONG THIEVES" UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH at …………… HUGH THOlllSON KERR 421 Everett, Wash.

FOLLOWING STANLEY AFTER FIFTY June 20-30-THE DECENNIAL CONFER- YEARS ….. MRS. .JOHN M. SPRINGER 426 ENCE OF FOREIGN MISSIONS, Hotch- kiss School, Lakeville, Connecticut. SIAM-THE LAND OF KING PRAJAD· HIPOK ….. : …… GEORGE T. SCOTT 431 June 22-25-INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AFRICAN CHILDREN, Geneva, THE PRESENT CRISIS IN MISSION Switzerland. LANDS …………….. THE EDITOR 435 June 22-26 – WORLD CONFERENCE ON AN UNHOLY FESTIVAL IN INDIA .,. STEWARDSHIP. For information com- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IVA M. FISH 444 municate with the Rev. John A. Ingham, D.D., Progress Council, 25 MISS SUSIE SORAB.JI OF POONA …. 445 East 22d Street, New York City. METHODS FOR WORKERS ……… . June 25-July 3-GENERAL CONVENTION, . . . . " EDITED RY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 447 CONGREGATIONAL AND CHRISTIAN WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MIS- CHURCHES, Seattle, Wash• SI()N BULLETIN ……………… 455 June 26-July 6-M. E. M. CONFERENCE, Silver Bay, N. Y. WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ………… 461 BOOKS WORTH READINC' ……….. 477 June 29-July 6 – GENEVA SUMMER •SCHOOL OF MISSIONS at Geneva, Wisc. For information address: Mrs. George P. Lottich, 3253 Wilson Ave., Chicago, ID.

TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs 01 WANTED-AN ORGAN FOR TAIKU five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, "Do you know of someone who can give an organ to the Nam San church 1931, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMp at Taiku 1" writes Rev. Henry M. Bruen, of the Presbyterian Mission in Korea. PANY, INC. All rights reserved. This congregation has recently completed a new church building and just before THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING Christmas raised 1,800 yen, which repre- COMPANY, INC. sents much sacrificial gi'ling, and they still need yen 1,700 to wipe out the defi- RonmaT E. SP:BlBlB} President cit. Pastor Yi and his people are very eager to have a good organ to help with 'WILLIAlII I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vlce-Pre.Ment the music-one that has been in use will be best as such a gift can be entered free DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary of duty. If you can make such a gift or WALTER McDOUGALlJ, Treasurer know of someone who will, please write to the Rev. Henry M. Bruen, and send Publication Office. lid & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, the organ to The American Presbyterian Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Mission, Taiku, Chosen. Mark "gift" and used, or not new. It may be for- Editorial and Business Omce, 156 Fifth Avenue, warded through The Presbyterian Board New York City of Foreign Missions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. Entered as second·class matter lit the Post Omce, Harrisburg, PII., under Act of March 3, 1879. PERSONALS time in Africa and in India, also making a brief visit to the Philippines, China, MRS. AIJA LEE, at the age of seventy- Korea and Japan. . five still carries on her loving work for * ,. .. the children of India. With her husband, the Rev. D. H. Lee, she established the MISS VICTORIA E. MACARTHUR, M.D., Lee Memorial Mission in Calcutta in memory of their six children who were Presbyterian missionary in India since killed when a mountainside gave way in 1899, has been awarded the Kaiser-I. Darjeling. Hind medal.· Dr. MacArthur is in charge *** of the Mary Wanless Hospital- MR. W. J. W. ROOME, recently left ,. * … London for Africa which he has crossed from east to west and back ten or twelve of RKEVr?.oACNDoaMstRDS.isWtrAicLtT, EaRreBr.eWtuIrLnLiInAgMtS~ times. He was born in Birmingilam, Amenca because of disturbed conditions England, on April 16, 1865, son of the in Liberia. Rev. W. J. B. Roome. Since he retired from business as an architect, at the * * .. age of fifty, he has made many mission- DR. RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER, correary journeys on behalf of the British sponding secretary of the Methodist and Foreign Bible Society. He has now gone out as an advance guard for a party Episcopal Board of Fmeign Missions, of missionary pioneers on behalf of the Heart of Africa Mission. who has been in Asia as consultant to the Laymen's Missionary Inquiry, re- turned to the United States on April 8.

OBITUARY *** MISS SUSIE SORABJI, Principal of the THE REV. WILLIAM H. MCCANCE, for- St. Helena High School, Poona, India, merly a missionary in India under the died on March 15th. She was the daugh- American Board of Commissioners, has been elected Associate Secretary of the ter of Rev. Sorabji Kharsedji, a famous Committee of Reference and Counsel of Christian converted Parsee. the Foreign Missions Conference. * .. * MISS EMILY N. FORMAN, a missionary of the Board of Missions of the Presby- *** terian Church in India, died on April MR. GEORGE AZARIAH, the second son of the Bishop of Dornakal, was one of 11th in Louisville, Ky. She was on furtwenty-one men who were ordained to the order of deacon recently in India. lough from the mission field and since He is going to work in the TinneveJly 1892 had been principal of the Presby- Diocese, where his grandfather lived and terian mission school at Fatehgarh, In- dia. .. ,. … .. .. worked some years ago. THE REV. F. A. STEVEN, who went to '" China in 1883 and had given forty-eight DR. J. H. RITSON, after 31 years as years of his life in service f{)r the evan- gelization of the Chinese, died recently. Secretary of the British and Foreign A few weeks before Mr. Steven passed Bible Society, has resigned because of away, the Rev. Stanley Smith, who went out to China in 1885 with Mr. D. E. illness. *~ * Hoste, W. W. Cassels and other members of the famous "Cambridge Seven," died. DR. IDA B. S. SCUDDER, niece of Dr. Mr. Smith had severed his connection with the China Inland Mission about Ida Scudder, has joined the staff of the twenty-five years ago.

Woman's Medical College at Vellore, India. This makes fifteen Scudders in the mission fields of India.

** *** Mit. J. MERLE DAVIS, Secretary of the MRS. FREDERICK G. BOWIE, of the Scotrecently created Department of Social tish Mission at Tangoa, New Hebrides, and Industrial Research and Counsel, died January 19th, as the result of blood under the International Missionary poisoning. Council, was pre!!ent at a meeting of the Committee on Reference and Counsel and * explained the work and plans of the Department in considerable detail. He has A CORRECTION returned to Geneva. Dr. Melvin Grove Kyle, the well-known archreologist, calls our attention to an *** error in our February number (pages 130 to 131) referring to an ancient lamp MR. LESLIE B. Moss, Secretary of the and an alleged discovery of a tablet with Committee of Reference and Counsel has an inscription to show that these were been authorized to visit some of the mis- foot lamps. Dr. Kyle says that this story sion fields. Suggestions regarding work is an absolute fabrication, containing no that ought to be studied on such a trip truth so far as he is concerned. The will be heartily welcomed. He anticipates spending a major portion of the statement was quoted from "The Banner."

"ORANNIES" AT HOME-(SEE PAGE

HET,PING TO MAKE RETTER AFUTCANS AT 'rHE I,QUnON MTSfHON HOSPTTAl,

LIV, No.6 June

THE'MISSIONARY 1f,eWO .. ~~ IS EVANGELISM OUT OF DATE BY ROBERT E. SPEER, D.D., New York Author of "Some Lit'ing Issucs/' Etc.

T HAT depends on what we pose of true open conversion as a mean by evangelism. If we definite part of the missionary aim mean some particular method but there are others who have no of making the Gospel known and zeal to do so. They say that it is of trying to win men to Christian no part of their effort to get Hill- faith, undoubtedly that method dus to give up Hinduism and to may become ineffective and anti- become Christians, or Buddhists to quated. But if we mean not some abandon Buddhism and become particular method but the thing it- Christians, but that their desire is self, then it will never become out to see men become better men and of date. Men who believe the Gos- to find God where they are. They pel will proclaim it, and will do so wish to see Hinduism and Budwith a view to leading other men dhism christianized and not to see deliberately to accept Jesus Christ Hindus and Buddhists made Chrisas their Lord and Saviour and to tians.

become His disciples. Mr. Gandhi has of late carried It is not to be denied, however, this idea to the limit. He declares that conversion from one religion that there are many in the church to another is wrong and he is esand out of the church today who pecially critical of Christian misdisavow or discredit the idea of sions and of their schools and evangelism and who do regard it hospitals because they are trying as out of date, meaning by evan- to convert men to the Christian gelism the effort to make men faith. The Indian Social Reformer Christian, to get them to accept has published a number of articles and confess Christ and to join the maintaining this position and its Christian church. A recent mis- editor, Mr. Natarajan, one of the sionary magazine article declares best men in India, has gone so far of missionary policy in India, "Our as to appeal for political prohibiprimary aim is not to bring Indians tion of religious proselytism. Here to outward conformity to a rite or to membership in the visible are his very words in his issue of church." Probably the writer of this particular article would give March 29, 1930: a meaning to the word "primary" The conception of sovereignty in a which would still retain the pur- monarchy is not a wholly secular one, 405

and there must be something in the cause all these religions had a beconditions attaching to it to indicate ginning. If there can be no cona spiritual contact between the sov- version from an old faith to a new, ereign and the subject. It is against what warrant was there for Islam the immemorial tradition of India to or Buddhism or all modern forms impose a disability on any religion. of Hinduism in the first instance? We cannot ask that the King of the Indian Dominion should not profess As a matter of fact the issue the Christian faith. But we think really turns on what we conceive India may and should ask that the Christianity to be and whether we Coronation Oath should contain a sol- believe that we have in Christ emn undertaking on the part of the something that every man ought sovereign to be the protector of the to have. If we conceive Christianancient religious faiths of this coun- ity to be the universal and unique try. The present principle of religious and indispensable message of the neutrality must be replaced by a prin- salvation wrought for the world in ciple of active and appreciative pro- Christ and in Him alone, and if we tection. The most important conse- see in Christ the only way to the quence of the change will be that Father, the only Light of the world, organized religious pro·selytism, hav- the Way, the Truth and the Life, ing for its purpose the seduction of then we cannot help ourselves. We his majesty's subjects from their an- must make Him known with the urgent desire to have Him accepted cestral faiths will be barred, as the by all men and to have all men King being the protector of all reli- unite themselves to Him and to gions, cannot let one of them wage one another in Him. war against another. This is the missionary aim. As But the principles involved in several of our foreign mission this view are untenable. In the boards have put it in their manfirst place such a view freezes hu- uals: man thought. There can be no change. What one has believed or The supreme and controlling aim of what one's fathers have believed Foreign Missions is to make the Lord we must continue to believe. In Jesus Christ known to all men as their the second place, if it is replied Divine Saviour and to persuade them that only religion is in mind, one to become His disciples; to gather answers that religious truth is not these disciples into Chri·stian churches different from other truth. If we which shall be self-propagating, selfare bound to give up what is er- supporting, self-governing; to cooproneous in our ideas of physics or erate, so long as neces·sary, with these geography or philosophy when we churches in the evangelizing of their find the truth, we are bound like- countrymen, and in bringing to bear wise to exchange error for truth in on all human life the spirit and prinreligion. In the third place, if it ciples of Christ. is said that religious truth is unattainable or unprovable, we reply And this ideal includes the defithat our conviction is otherwise, nite association of men in the open but that if it is so then there can and declared fellowship of the surely be no warrant for holding Christian church. All permeation fast to our old religion just be- of life and thought by the Chriscause it is old. In the fourth place tian spirit, all movement of the this view is self contradictory, be- national mind toward Christ and acceptance of His ideals is to the

IS EVANGELISM OUT OF DATE

good. All development of person- disembodied national influence.

alities Christward, whether they Well, it cannot. Alas! this kind separate themselves from old loy- of religious genius is not confined alties and follow Christ openly and to China. It has been one of the alone or not, is hopeful. But these hindrances and obstacles in the are not enough. Some think they way of the church always and are. In some mission fields one everywhere.

meets with the idea that Christian- Albert Schweitzer deals with ity can exist without any organized this idea of a partial evangelism in a striking passage in "On the Edge body and especially without any of the Primeval Forest." He is local congregational organization. contrasting the Protestant and Ro- There are some indeed who think man Catholic missionary policies that this idea is to be one of the and says: contributions of the "Chinese religious genius," which as one Chi- If I had to distinguish between the nese writer says, "insists that aims which the two keep before them, I should say the Protestant mission religion should be left to individual puts in the first place the building up inclination and achievement with- of Christian personalities, while the out organized propaganda and pub- Catholic has in mind before all else lic worship of any sort."" The the establishment on solid foundations preface to the "China Christian of a church. The former object is the Year Book" for 1926 calls atten- higher one, but it does not take suf· tion to this tendency in the Chi- nese Christian mind. Summariz- ficient account of realities. To make ing the main features of the the work of training permanently sucpresent situation in the survey of cessful, a firmly established church, the year, it says: which grows in a natural way with the increase in the number of Christian The chief note struck with re- families, is necessary. gards to Christianity, where there is articulation at least, is the desire to If we cannot be satisfied with a understand and follow Christ's way of conception of evangelism, which life. This includes another promising stops with open Christian personsign that, in spite of the comparative alities and does not go on to the lack of cohesion in the Christian Move- church, still less can we be satisment as a whole, there Is a slowly fied with a view which stops short growing desire and effort to promote of open Christian personalities and Christian fellowship as distinct from is content with the permeation of and above the claims and efforts of society with Christian ideals, deecclesiastical, denominational or the- ological unity. It is felt by some that sirable as that is. It is desirable this higher and freer Christian fel- but it is not first and it cannot be lowship is possible even though intel- enough.

lectual and ecclesiastical unity is It may indeed be that in some hardly a practical question at the pres- lands we shall have to wait for ent time. large open accessions to the church According to this view local self- until there has been a deeper seep- supporting churches are not nec- age of Christian truth into the naessary; the church can exist as a tional thought and life. Sir Charles .. The China Christian Year Book, 1926, p. Trevelyan, who lived long in In- 276. dia, thought that this would be the

method of India's evangelization. ments of evangelism which are di- He says: rected primarily at the winning of individuals to Christian faith and Many persons mistake the way in discipleship. These churches are which the conversion of India will be not content to remain in old nubrought about. I believe it will take merical trenches. On the other place at last wholesale, just as our own hand they are making it their priancestors were converted. The coun- mary aim to bring Chinese and try will have Christian instruction in- Japanese "to membership in the fused into it in every way by direct visible church." They are not conmissionary education, and indirectly tent to "pervade and transform by books of various sorts, through the present-day interpretations of Conpublic newspapers, through conversa- fucianism and Buddhism" or to tion with Europeans, and in all the pervade society with Christian conconceivable ways in which knowledge ceptions. These things indeed they is communicated. Then at last when rejoice to see. But they are drivsociety is completely saturated with ing straight at the conversion of Christian knowledge, and public opin- men and women to Christ, believion has taken a decided turn that way, ing that this will be the most efthey will come over by thousands. fective way to permeate and uplift the life and thought of the land. It may be so. But our approach is by person to person. Let all the Methods of evangelism come and general influences operate and be go. Whitefield and the Wesleys operated that can suffuse national found the methods that were ef- 'and racial minds with Christian fective in their time; Finney and truth and the Spirit of Christ. But Moody in theirs. We must find at the beginning and throughout those that are effective in our own the centuries and today the pri- time. But the essential thing is the mary and effective mIssIOnary same. And we need today in the method at home and abroad is the church at home, as well as in all contact of individual with indi- our missions at home and abroad, vidual. This is the evangelism of to see this, and to go after men and the New Testament and it never women, one by one, or in the has been and never will be out of groups and companies in which date. they are accessible, and to relate them to Christ and Christ to them On the contrary, this is the su- in the elemental reality of the Gospreme need everywhere today. The pel of the New Testament and of national churches in China and all time. Japan have discerned this and have launched their own move- THE MISSIONARY o matchless honor all unsought, High privilege surpassing thought, That Thou shouldst call me, Lord, to be Linked in work-fellowship with Thee; To carry out Thy wondrous plan, To bear Thy messages to man; In trust with Christ's own word of grace To every soul of the human race.

-Selected.

A WASHING LESSON IN A M01'TTJ1JR CTLT"l' SCHOOL, CJ1JNTRAI. AF'RfCA

MEET THESE AFRICAN GRANNIES BY MRS. DONALD FRASER, Edinburgh, Scotland /l or 'l'h irt /J l'Cu.r8 {I M-i8siunarl/ iu the {,i.1'inn~ to"i(l. M18Hion of the Ut1 itnl Free P-r p.shytt:ria tl. C hu rch of SCOtlWllU T HE sound of a gentle artificial ing; on mine, news of my children cough coming from the veran- in far away Scotland, with a gram- dah announces visitors. I go ophone entertainment possibly and out to greet two or three old ladies a parting gift of a handful of salt who have settled comfortably down to each. Then with friendly fareon the floor and announce that they wells we part. have come to gossip with their mother. The gossip is very inno- As I watch them going down the cent on their part, news of the path the memory comes of a day crops and their neighbors, of sick- when, as a newcomer, I sat on anness in the village and tax gather- other verandah in Central Africa and listened to a discussion going 40Q

on between two missionaries about Her native name being difficult to the difficulty of reforming some of waster, she was called and rethe tribal customs. The blame was mained through life, Mrs. Pettilaid at the doors of the older wom- grew, after a Scottish friend whom en. "You'll never get things she resembled. changed till you hang all the old women first!" emphatically an- Mrs. Pettigrew and a few others nounced one of the men. A vital formed the first women's class truth underlay the hyperbolic lan- taught by their dona (white womguage. None were so determined an). The dona's language was in their opposition to progress, doubtless very poor but so was the their rigid adherence to old cus- intelligence displayed by the class. toms and taboos. I had to admit A parable was carefully gone over how unlovely I had found it pos- each week but no trace of the lessible for old age to be, as I had son seemed to remain in their watched some unattractive faces minds by the following week. They upon which the passing years had cheerfully explained that they were left traces of stupidity and evil women and therefore stupid and mindedness, bestiality and cruelty. unable to learn or remember what In others, ·with less evidence of they were taught. Almost in deevil, the hopelessness and dejection spair one day I insisted that surely were almost as saddening. Least something had stuck to them "No, attractive of all I had found the mama," said Mrs. Pettigrew, shakgreedy begging heathen widows of ing her head "it's all gone. Satana chiefs, whose visits to the mission has come and picked up all the were actuated by the desire for seeds sown last week." This statesalt, soap and calico for which they ment brought unexpected cheer, shamelessly clamored. On the oth- for it revealed that something after hand some old friendless slave er all had been absorbed. The parwomen, pathetically grateful for able of the previous week having any little kindness shown, embar- been that of the sower who sowed rassed the white woman terribly by the wayside. by the way they rolled over and over in the dust at her feet in Their First Prayers thanks for some trifling gift. Old and past work and able to bring no That class was the nucleus of return present, it astonished them the Christian women's class which that they should receive anything. in later years was a regular part of the Sunday program. It always In delightful contrast to these contained a good proportion of old was the motherly friendliness of women, more free than the young an elderly Christian woman who mothers to attend, and their progused to turn up at the mission ress, collective and individual, house in time for family prayers on though slow, was interesting to Sunday. She used to kiss the white watch. When they first took part woman's hands in a way you never in prayer their words were strongsee done in Africa except to babies. ly reminiscent of prayers uttered She would admire her clothes, turn- in public worship by the men. One ing her round for inspection. She woman echoed faithfully her huswould taste a sample of European band's invariable beginning "0 cooking and smile benignantly. God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob. You are the all-knowing.

MEET THESE AFRICAN GRANNIES

You know the things of the past, "But," I protested, "you yourand of the future, the things of selves all said this was clean and above and the things of earth," and white." "Ah, but mama, we hadn't so on. But gradually as their reli- seen the really beautiful white gion became better understood, a cloth then. Now we see that the simpler and a more personal thing, other one is dirty. Before, it looked their prayers developed the same clean because we had been looking note: at the very dirty one."

"Father God," prayed one of I pressed home the lesson and them, "we are surprised at ourselves. When we are here in the finally a woman prayed "Truly, a class we know quite well you are here too, and want to be with us all God, did we ever know before that the time. And then we go home we were so soiled? But we have after church and forget all about been looking at the whiteness of you in our village." J esu Kristu and we want you to wash us white like Him." Another used to pray for their teacher "that God would give her The women of the Gospel narrastrength to cook for them Sunday tive interested the Africans greatly by Sunday, that their souls might -Mary, Elizabeth and that home be fed." (strange to Africans) where two sisters lived with their brother and The lessons had to be very simple rejoiced in the friendship of Jesus. so that the old women, as well as We went over the women of the some of the more intelligent young- Old Testament too and one realized er ones, might take them in. We that they entered into and underused eye gate, as well as ear gate to stood their lives better perhaps impress on them the necessity for than we of more advanced civilizataking Jesus Christ as our stand- tion. Very human and deserving ard, and not be content to compare of sympathy to them were the ourselves with our heathen neigh- childless women, and over their bors. I went to the class with a faces passed expressions of relief dish cloth which an African table and delight when they heard that boy would assert to be clean, and at last a child came and the reanother which I had wet and proach of barrenness had been rerubbed in the dirt. I asked which moved. They knew all about the was clean. Everyone pointed to the scornful contempt of the rival wife first. "But is it really clean?" Oh with children and too rare were yes, mama and they drew my at- husbands, like Hannah'S, who tried tention to its contrast to the other. to comfort instead of neglecting her. That God should concern Him- Then you would call this a white self with the choice and manner of cloth ?" life of the woman chosen to become the mother of one of His great They all assented. servants astonished and encour- "Well now, what about this?" I aged them. asked, as I drew from my bag a square of spotless white nainsook. The old ladies were frequent at- "That! 0 that's a beautiful white tenders at hospital and knowing cloth." their poverty we often exempted "Like this?" I inquired holding them from the small fee patients up the dishcloth. "No, that's dirty. were supposed to pay. Yet, again This last is really white." and again, when they had been let

off fees-sometimes because of Changora," I would protest, "It is their protests-they would turn up my hospital. I am hostess, there- at our dwelling house with a fowl fore I should greet my guests."

or a basket of food and present it "No," she would patiently ex- to me-"a gift, not fees"-for the plain "You don't sleep here. I do, Africans' loyalty and gratitude therefore it is my house; therefore centers round persons rather than I greet. You-the guest. When I institutions. But as an institution come to your house then you can the hospital was popular with them greet me."

-where else could you get such I had frequent opportunities of luxuries as two meals a day regu- so doing. She used to arrive, ask lar and sufficient, a supply of salt, for the family, slip an egg into the and a blanket at night? The con- hands of each and present any that trast with their hand to mouth ex- were left to me. She would never istence in the village sometimes sell eggs to me-wherein she was made it a struggle to prevent the unconsciously wise, for I might hospital from becoming an old have tested and rejected them as ladies' home, especially in times of not fresh. As it was, I had always scarcity. What they saw and ex- to thank her politely and give a re- perienced there shook their faith turn present of salt. Sometimes in the old native regime. before our great communion gath- For several years an old woman erings she would arrive to consult named Changora acted as cook, me as to what she should wear. As mother or matron there. Engaged her entire wardrobe consisted of a first to attend to a friendless epi- tattered cloth she wore around her, leptic girl who was badly burned, the advice inevitably took the form she was later initiated into the of a present of a new cloth-given mysteries of bringing up a mother- with the injunction not to tell any- less grandchild by bottle feeding one where she had got it. Chan- and proudly she used to display gora would not and knowingly this miraculously reared Wendy to stuck her present securely out of admiring and almost incredulous sight, somewhere beneath her rags.

friends. Later she posed as an ex- She would turn up looking respec- pert on rearing orphan infants, table for the services but too often while superintending the efforts of afterwards I would see the new others who came for the same pur- cloth adorning one of the grand- pose. While the doctor tried to en- children to whom she was devoted.

lighten the ignorance of the people Still, an occasional cloth was a on medical matters, Changora cheap form of pension for a retired strove to improve the doctor's hospital matron.

shocking neglect of social etiquette. During the first great "Flu" epi- When I entered the hospital in the demic that penetrated into Central morning I distressed her by greet- Africa I heard that she was ill and ing my waiting patients. She went to see her, bringing bovril would follow me into my consulting and fruit and a warm flannel jack- room, shutting the door that her et. I found her lying on a mat on reproof might not be overheard, the floor and realized she was seri- and say to me, "It is not your place ously ill, but I refrained from to say good morning to us. You speaking till she opened her eyes wait till we greet you." "But, and greeted me and I half thought

there was a humorous twinkle in When I used to slip along from the her eyes at my having learned the hospital to her house to get a reetiquette prescribed in visiting. freshing cup of tea, Makachibene When I gave her the jacket she in- was often about. Occasionally quired (recognizing it as a hospital there would be an interval when one) whether it was a loan or a we heard she had an angry fit on. present. I assured her it was her But I think the sense of being loved own, knowing no one would after- and cared for by God and His peowards wear what had been worn ple brought peace and healing to by those who died. But she shook her spirit for these attacks became her head when I wanted to help milder and finally stopped, leaving her to put it on. "I am going to her affectionate and childlike with our Father God," she w~ispered. a shy, happy smile flitting across I suggested it might not be at that her face whenever one spoke to time and said I would return next her. day. But on the morrow I was met by a Christian woman who had When in the less busy time of been with her when she had passed the year we used to have a school away half an hour before. In the for women, this old lady was one village her little grandchild was of the most regular attendants. wearing the jacket (it reached to She sat in the lowest class-where his ankles, the sleeves engulfed his the pupils were mostly the oldest arms) which his unselfish granny -and never managed to learn her had put aside for him, considering syllables. When the teacher it too good to waste on a dying pointed to the board her eyes folwoman. lowed the pointer hopefully, but failing to recognize the mysterious As I left the village, I remem- sign it indicated, she would glance bered a time when the poor, tired round the class to see what sound cld woman had begged to be re- their lips were forming and just a lieved of the task of looking after perceptible interval after the othan orphan. But she was indispen- ers, she said it too and then glanced sable and it had to be pointed out at me for approbation. But though to her that her "holiday from nurs- years of attendance failed to make ing babies" might mean the death her a reader, she enjoyed the lesof the little one and in as much as sons in Bible stories, cooking, talks she was doing this service for it, about health and the upbringing of she was doing it for Christ. And children. loyalty to Him had won and she resumed her task, asking only for the Is It Worth While ~ assurance that when she died and passed beyond He would greet her A visitor to the mission school with the words "Come in Chan- once suggested that it was futile gora. It was you who looked after to spend time on these hopeless old babies for me at Loudon." women who would never learn to read. Why not concentrate on the Another Devoted Friend younger intelligent women? I re- member how it hurt to hear them Another friend was Makachi- called duds. Besides, they were bene, a wee thin slip of a woman really tremendously important. who conceived a great devotion for Attending the school meant that one of our women missionaries. they were allying themselves with

all the progress and reform that corncobs or some other simple gift.

the Christian teaching stood for What endless reminiscences one and when some young woman in could write of them,-the way they their village wanted to test some used to escort their dona home of the new suggestions about in- from church on Sunday, each so fant feeding or some such subject, anxious to carry something for her it would help her greatly that she that after distributing bag, Testa- was backed by one or two old wom- ment, hymn book, roll back she en instead of meeting unanimous sometimes had to eke out her lim- opposition. ited resources by handing over her And these old people were re- handkerchief too; of visits to their spected because of their Christian villages when she would return life and character. There was no ashamed of being laden with gifts class of women who showed such of foodstuffs she dare not offend evidence of the difference the Gos- them by refusing; of a time of pel had made in their lives as those famine when she doled them out old grannies. The world had al- scanty rations of rice barely suffi- tered for them and become a cient to keep them alive and so friendly, safe place full of love and won the delightful new name of help such, as they had had no ex- Msoro (honey bird) because she perience of in the old heathen days. found food for them; of a Christ- God as Father had brought them mas party for the grey haired only, into friendship with people of which ended in an impromptu whom they had never heard of dance "to show God how happy we when they were young-white peo- are"; of a time when the dona's ple over the seas who had sent life was in danger, and one of the help to their black sisters. The old bodies sat without moving from church was a society that did not the verandah for twelve hours till despise and neglect them, but rath- better news sent her home tired er honored and helped them. This and hungry but happy; of the won- was a day of good tidings which derful day when their first little had followed their long night of white sister arrived in their midst fear and their very faces, as well instead of coming like the other as lives, reflected the change. The Bazungu (white people) from old unlovely type with all that was across the sea, and the queues that human and kindly obliterated, is waited to get their first glimpse of giving place in many instances to her; of the last sad days when happy, kindly, more intelligent their white mother sometimes fled faces in which sometimes lines of out of the back door into the bush real beauty and refinement can be when she saw a mournful little traced. And the pastors and elders group of them coming up the road, of the church could tell that none because she COUldn't face their are more faithful in their attend- tears without breaking down her- ance at worship, or more liberal- self at the thought of the coming out of their great poverty-in their separation. These and many other regular contributions when the memories, tender and cheering, deacons make their village rounds, pass through my mind as I write and the people respond by produc- of our gossips-our God-rib-those ing a copper or two, a basket of to whom we have become related in flour or beans, or a little bundle of the service of God. BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia* Mi88ionary oJ the Reformed Church In America Men who have unselfishly devoted their lives to a great cause have a right to be heard as to their convictions on the principle on which the success of that cause is based. Dr. Paul W. Harrison has spent twenty years in Arabia as a medical missionary under the Reformed Church in America. His experience in medical and evangelistic work in Bahrein, Muscat and other stations has brought him into close contact with the needs of the people and the problems of the work. His studies and travels in India and his contacts with leaders in many lands have given him a wide range of sympathy and information. His study of the Bible and his service have formulated his ideals and given him the courage of his convictions.

In February Dr. Harrison delivered a series of five lectures at Princeton Theological Seminary which were so fresh, so earnest and so startling in some of their positions and recommendations that they have aroused much interest and some criticism. We have secured permission to print these lectures, slightly abbreviated, and will welcome the comments of other Christian workers on the amended missionary program suggested by Dr. Harrison.-EDITOR.

I N KALAMAZOO a few weeks sionaries are sent to Japan today ago my missionary talk had because Japan is able to take care been preceded by an address of that work herself. It would be by a mission convert who was a better if we should realize that our director in the educational enter- educational work is essentially as prise of India. He intimated that temporary as our medical mission- the missionary enterprise was ary work.

gradually evolving from the stage Let us remember the very wide- of evangelistic work and was right- spread, almost universal increase ly becoming more and more an edu- in the spirit of nationalism. China, cational enterprise to train the during the last few years, has been native church. That idea is wide- convulsed from one end to the spread, but, as I hope to show, is other because she has gained a new false and dangerous to the mission- spirit of racial self-consciousness.

ary cause. Her nationalistic spirit has extend- We all recognize that one branch ed until it includes all the different of our institutional work is essen- strata of society, and all the prov- tially temporary. No medical mis- inces, and it is perhaps now almost • I introduce these lectures with great dif· the major passion of the Chinese. fidence. on three accounts: First, because The significant fact is that this Princeton is known for its scholarship, and I do not pretend to be a scholar. Second, because particular phenomenon is practi- I expect to bring to your attention ideas that cally universal. In India the spirit are quite at variance with many of the con- of nationalism has penetrated from ventional ideas regarding missionary work and the top to the bottom. It has come behind such new ideas there fs no authority whatever except the impressions gained by one to include all sections, the native individual in twentf years of missionary work. states as well as British India. The r am especially anxIOUS that you do not ascribe same thing is true in Turkey and to what r say the authority of any commission in Persia. or church or board. The third reason is, of course, the importance of the group here as- Wherever we go we find that the sembled. It becomes a grave responsibility when one attempts to assert that the compass of tbe conrse ongbt to be replotted, and that we ought to be ruled by different ideas.

p, W. H.

415 spirit of racial self-consciousness culture. India is not primarily in- is strong, and is steadily growing. terested in financial or commercial And we ought to note that this is progress, but India is supremely a permanent change. There will be interested in her own racial self- no return to the situation of fifty development. She believes, and years ago. We have only seen the rightly, that she has certain pecu- beginning of this change in nation- liar racial endowments. The same al consciousness. From now on is true of China, and of Arabia, there is going to be a more and and of America. India has certain more intense patriotism. Here is a r a cia I endowments which are factor of very great importance unique, and, therefore, she is anx- that we must consider in relation ious to direct her destiny along the to the missionary enterprise. lines of those endowments. That The Educational Program is exactly the attitude that the In- dian leaders ought to take. The Now notice the effect that this only weapon that the leaders of has upon the national educational India possess for the accomplish- programs. In India, for example, ment of her supreme aim is educa- there are now in the colleges and tion. India, therefore, is coming to the professional schools, some 84,- ask, as China and Persia and Japan 000 students; there are 12,000,000 have asked, for the complete con- students in the secondary and ele- trol of all the schools.

mentary schools. The students in One of the most serious problems those schools are going to shape before every missionary board to- the future of India. We direct the day is the problem of adjusting the destinies of all our nations by missionary schools to this demand means of schools. of the national leaders. The Amer- It is not, therefore, remarkable ican Board is troubled because the to find that in all of these countries Turkish government has demanded where the spirit of national con- not only the control of general edu- sciousness has grown there has cation but of the religious instruc- also developed a determination to tion in Mission schools. Thesame control all the schools. That is in- demand has come from Persia and evitable and natural and should be China, and will probably come from welcomed by the missionary en- India as soon as the Indians gain terprise. control of the government.

This particular tendency has This thing is inevitable, it is nat- sometimes manifested itself in very ural, and it ought to be welcomed disagreeable ways. Turkey has de- because in all of these nations, a manded that she have complete large part of the educational pro- control of all the schools in Turkey. gram has been carried on by for- The same demand has come from eigners. The missionaries entered Persia. The only hope that the backward countries that had prac- leaders of a country have for build- tically no educational systems and, ing up the kind of nation they want as a matter of Christian charity is by control of the schools. they organized schools, just as hos- In India, where I have spent a pitals have been planted in these good deal of time, Mr. Gandhi and countries because they had no ade- the Indian people fear nothing so quate medical work. But now these much as the imposition of western nations, having attained racial selfconsciousness, wit h a national the enterprise and less to its edu- spirit, naturally demand the con- cational side.

trol of the whole educational enter- The prevailing view that mis- prise. sionary work is going to become In the past the missionary so- more educational is dangerous becieties have paid for these mission cause, in so far as we are obschools, assisted in some countries sessed with that false idea, we will more or less by native money. They find ourselves pitted against the have done a very creditable and irresistible current of the time. If outstanding piece of philanthropic we do not recognize the nationaliswork, but nevertheless, as sQon as tic demand for control of the the nation attains to national self- schools, we are doomed to hinder consciousness, it is inevitable that the whole enterprise. The surrenthe leaders shall demand the con- der of our general educational work trol of the education upon which is natural and inevitable.

rests the destiny of those countries. Some will say that this view of Since the spirit of nationalism educational work overlooks entireis here to stay, by the same token ly the evangelistic possibilities of this demand for control of all the the school, if we can include relischools is also going to grow until gious education. There is an incomplete control is secure. So}Ve creasing emphasis on religious come to this situation: The mis- education in America and it is right sionary enterprise is going to be- that we should stress religious educome less and less a general educa- cation abroad. The records of the tional enterprise, and many of us past are against that idea. I remay live to see the educational arm member two very interesting asof missions disappear in many of sistants that I had in the hospital these countries. work in Muttra twenty years ago. They were converted Afghans that When India attains to self-gov- resulted from Dr. Pennell's work ernment, the first thing she will in North India. We used to sit wish to do, When she can manage down and talk by the hour,and her finances well enough, is to from them I learned a great deal make elementary education com- about the missionary enterprise pulsory. When this is done, India that I had not known before. They will wish to take over all of the told me that in north India when elementary mission school work. they went out to do itinerary evan- gelistic work, the opponents whom Then, you see unquestionably the they dreaded most to meet were the whole missionary enterprise will graduates of mission schools who had been trained in compulsory become more and more purely Bible classes. Such graduates know evangelistic. That is not a criticism against the missionaries of the past, but it is recognizing the the Bible extraordinarily well, for significance of the movements of there is one thing that an Indian the present. The present form of can do, and that is he can rememmissionary work is now different ber what is taught him to a degree from the past to some extent, and that is simply uncanny. These mis- the future is going to be still more sion school gradUates had been different. The future undoubtedly compelled to take courses in the belongs to the evangelistic side of Bible but not more than one in 2 a thousand becomes a Christian. This is inevitable because of the These itiJlerant evangelists are ear- rise of the nationalistic spirit.

nest-minded and sincere Chris- An Individual or a Social Gospel tians, but they are not yet well educated and they rneet in these Conclusion number two, which I college graduates who. have been will state in advance, is that our trained in the Bible, men who can evangelistic enterprise must be the tie them up in knots when it comes carrying of an individual rather to religious controversy. than what we usually call the social I recognize that in saying this I Gospel. This is closely related to am a heretic of the very first order what I have been saying. In India and that most of the church boards are utterly at variance with what they are anxious to develop along I am saying; but in my opinion it the lines of their own peculiar racial endowment and, therefore, would be far better in Christian they do not want mission schools colleges in India, or China for all which embody our western civili- I know, if the Hindus and the Mo- zation. By the same token they hammedans were forbidden to do not want our western social come to the Bible classes, unless gospel. they are sincerely interested in I am a great believer in the really following Christ, once they Christian social gospel, because as can see their way clear. Sincere a citizen, it is the duty of every inquirers should be we1co.med but Christian to carry responsibility the average students should be for- for political and social and eco- bidden entry, to say nothing of nomic advance. But in so far as compelling them to come. the Arab or Indian mind works Educational work in the past along lines different from yours has not always been a great evan- and mine, by so much it is dangelistic agency but it has been gerous for us to attempt to carry necessary. By means of it we have over into Arabia or India our petrained the native church and by culiar civilization. When westernour mission scho.ols we have con- ers vociferously shout for a social tributed enormously to the advance gospel I marvel that they do not of the backward nations. It has realize the contradiction. In one been one of the finest things we breath they say, "Let us not carry have ever done, but it has not been our western civilization; let us as effective as we wish in evangel- only take Christ over there," and izing those people. In some cases in another breath they say, "Let us it has been carried on in a way that not carry an antiquated individualhas done actual damage. There istic gospel but let us carry the is no reason why we should hesi- finer message of the social gospel." tate to turn over our educational work to the native governments as The social gospel, as' we underrapidly as we can. stand it, is really nothing but an effort to carryover into Arabia or The first conclusion, then, to elsewhere some part of the civili- zation that we know, and that we which we come is that the mission- think will be good for those people. ary enterprise is to become more There are, unquestionably, many and more an evangelistic and less things in our western civilization and less an educational enterprise. that are splendid, and we think that it is the part of Christian com- astonished to see the splendid enpassion to teach them to the people tertainment that you would reover thel'e. ceive. There would be a roasted chicken for each separate guest, Perhaps we would say that the and a splendid outlay of boiled rice simplest and most fundamental and various condiments. Moreover, thing in our civilization, that would on feast days these people are be a universal boon to everyone, dressed in gorgeous clothes. Their is security of life and property. economic situation is so good that This might be said to characterize it is hard to believe that they are western civilization, as opposed to not the owners of those gardens the chaotic situation that we find but only tenants who cultivate in many places abroad. In our them. Christian message we will not only put in the roots but we will also Now let us visit ThaI, in another show some of the fruits of the so- part of Arabia. There we will be cial gospel. At least as Christians entertained by date cultivators we want security of life and prop- again, and the land around ThaI is erty. Is there anyone that would far richer than the date gardens of dispute that as a fundamental, uni- Hassa or Katif. The general sysversal and invariable boon? In tem is the same in that the land is Arabia I think I can show you that owned by one set of men and culthis is not always true. tivated by others. The men who entertain us at ThaI can set before Life and Property in Arabia us only a miserable little dish of boiled rice with a few tough pieces I could take you as a visitor to of meat-and that is the best meal Katif or Hassa, places under the they have had for a month. They rule of Ibn Saud. The characteris- have almost no clothes, are half tic of his rule is that life and prop- starved and one-third clothed, and erty are distinctly not sec u r e live a dog's life. The contrast is according to our western notions. painful. In this community the The chief of Katif, or Ibn Saud date cultivators have been ground himself, can cut off any man's down under the heel of the owners. head, and no cabinet, no legislature and no laws can stop him. A few What is the difference between years ago, the richest man in Katif, the Hassa people who cultivate a Bin J umaa, was arrested by Ibn comparatively barren strip of land Saud's agents and put in prison and are wonderfully well off, and and he has never been seen again. this group at ThaI who cultivate an His property was confiscated, and extraordinarily rich piece of land, thereby the royal exchequer was growing the same crop as our put into order again. In Katif and friends over here but are on the in Hassa, life and property are not ragged edge of starvation all the secure according to any western time? The difference is that life standards. Bin Jumaa's death was and property are more secure in not as a punishment for any crime Thal than in Hassa and Katif. he had committed, but it was the rulers' will that he should die. I will try in a word to show you that this is literally true. That man If we were entertained in the Bin Jumaa in Katif, who was exehome of one of the date cultivators cuted, was a high-handed pirate of in Hassa or Katif, you would be the first order and ought to have died years before he did. In that reduced to the last stage of human country they boil some of their misery. In this particular instance dates in enormous kettles. Bin the laws guaranteeing security of Jumaa came home one night and life and property are not a blessing found that his wife had not pre- to the community. pared supper quite on time, so he pitched her bodily into the boiling There is often an extraordinary kettle. He oppressed the date cul- amount of lip service given to the tivators under him. Debtors had idea that we must carry Christ, to pay their debts absolutely on the His message and His teaching to day. Beggars were not fed in his these people, and not carry our house. Thereby, he became so un- western civilizatio.n. That is true, popular that his death was wel- but that means that we cannot comed by the whole community, carry out what we term our social and his life expectancy sank down gospel-according to our western to zero. ideas. It is not for us to define the outworkings of eternal life in There is no way to replenish the the hearts and lives of all men. We royal treasury quite so easily as by cannot try to revise the social order assassinating a rich man and con- over in Arabia. That will have to fiscating his -property, but if the be revised, but it can only be recommunity still thinks highly of vised safely by the Arab. Every him, the ruler does not do that. If intelligent Indian knows that the he did that two or three times, the social order in India needs a great ruler would lose his head. He must deal of revision but he also knows, maintain his popularity in the com- what we are not so willing to conmunity; otherwise his life is in cede, that that revision is safe only danger. If he oppresses his date in Indian hands when they have cultivators, if he pinches every learned to apply the teachings of debtor, if he kicks beggars off the Christ to daily life. place, the community wishes he would die, and he does die. There- In the rise of nationalism we fore these Katif owners of gardens have a phenomenon that is groware, as a rule, extraordinarily gen- ing and that is going to be the erous in the contracts which they governing factor in practically all arrange with their cultivators. of these mission fields. This means that the missionary enterprise will Over in ThaI, there is security increasingly be evangelistic and of life and property. Nobody is less educational, and that the evangoing to confiscate a date land- gelistic message we carry must of owner's property and cut off his necessity be more and more of a personal Gospel, relating the inhead, no matter how much of a dividual to Christ, rather than a pirate he is. He can starve his date social gospel, as we in the West cultivators to death and nobody is interpret it. going to cut off his head or confiscate his property. Therefore, The second lecture deals with certain impliunder him the date cultivators are cations of the Evangelical Missionary Enter- prise.

"3ff I!!:fJri~t ba~ rtaIl!' taktn up .i~ abobt in a buman btad, ofttn JJt will bt Sttn looking out of tbt winbows!"

A PROTESTANT CHURCH SU NDAY SCHOOL. CAMAJIANI

WHEN CUBA "FELL AMONG THIEVES"

Th e Impressions of a Moderator of the Presbyterian Church BY THE REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa.

,If oaerator oj th e Presbyteda " Ohu reh. U. S. A.-1980- l 931 ASHORT visit may be better these unsympathetic dignitaries than a long one in leaving in belonged. Then came the Good one's mind clear cut impres- Samaritan-also easily r ecogniz- sions. The danger is that the im- able–who, after beating back the pressions may be too clear cut. thieves, carried the wounded man Certainly the week spent in Cuba to safety, nursed him back to health left in my mind certain well de- and promised "whatsoever thou fined pictures and one of the c1ear- spendest more, when I come again, est is the applicability of the I will repay thee." parable of the Good Samaritan to the past and present of that very It was one of the most gracious acts one nation ever did for an- near and very interesting people other-to set Cuba free, give to and land. her a charter of liberty and send Cuba is the man who fell among her on her way. That act is not forgotten. The anniversary of the thieves who wounded him, stripped blowing up of the "Maine" is still him, and left him half dead beside the roadway. The robbers can observed in Havana with flowers easily be identified. The priest and and music and messages of peace the Levite, who came and saw and goodwill. Yet there is much where he was and passed by on to be desired that is left undone. the other side, are not hard to In the minds of many Cubans the name. There is not much difficulty thought arises that her Good in giving the name of the ancient Samaritan has forgotten. They ecclesiastical organization to which think that the promise "whatso- 421

ever thou spendest more, when I concerned in the deeper issues income again, I will repay thee" has not been adequately fulfilled and volved. . was perhaps after all only an euphemism. The sense of contrast is every- where. The old and the new meet There is restlessness and agita- and mingle. We traveled over one tion in CUba. If there is business of the finest concrete highways in depression in America, there are the world, miles and miles of it, industrial and financial crises in and at the same time we saw men Cuba. The American tariff shut plowing with the ancient instruout Cuba's largest trade-sugar. ment of a far-away ancestry and "The Dance of the Millions" when driving, across soggy fields, wagsugar sold for more than twenty ons with high wheels drawn by cents a pound is now only a mem- oxen, great beasts of the field, two ory. Many sugar mills are silent teams, three teams, four teams. and there now is little sale for Cuba has three and a half million sugar even at one or one and one- people but it could have ten milhalf cents a pound; and "the lions if modern methods in inmourners go about the streets." dustry and agriculture were in use and if education were made a uni- The first impression of Cuba un- versal opportunity. der martial law is far from pleasant. To be asked on every street It was not, however, as an excorner and out in the villages to pert on transportation and sugar purchase a ticket for a lottery sup- and industry that led me to Cuba, ported by the government makes an easy and a pleasant trip only one catch his breath. Emerson two hours distance from America said, "Weak men believe in luck. by air and four or five hours by sea. Strong men believe in cause and effect." If the same law is applied Cuba is an important mission to government then it is a sign of field of the Presbyterian Church weakness on the part of Cuba to in the U. S. A. Its occupancy by distribute every month more than the Board of National Missions half a million dollars and it is a dates back to the freedom of .the sign of weakness in a people who island. If one wishes to have his are taught to think that a chance faith established, his hope inturn of the wheel, a lucky casting spired, and his love fed, let him of the lot, may turn poverty into visit the mission work which makes luxury. Little wonder that there glad the whole island. is social unrest and political agitation. An economic and govern- There is no race question in the mental situation that necessitates Cuban Church. One is soon conthe closing of the schools while new scious of this. Here the black and knowledge is knocking at the door white, the Spaniard and the Cuban, of youth is charged with some sort the Mexican and the Chinese meet of high explosive. America has and mingle, and the Lord is the some responsibility here and that maker of them all. A fine negro responsibility lies not merely in minister and his wife guide one of the economic realm. One can be our finest Spanish-speaking Sunamused in Cuba only if he is un- day-schools and churches. In a re- cent book of fiction it is stated that it takes nine thousand years to make a black man think white and

1931J WHEN CUBA "FELL AMONG THIEVES"

A PROTESTAN'f CUBAN PA!'TOR AND HI!' FAMILY ten thousand centuries to make a Cuban people what should have Chinese think in western terms. been done. That is nonsense. There may be no reason why a black man should Three things especially imthink white or a Chinese think in pressed me as I surveyed the work western terms but one can easily of evangelical Christianity in Hafind black and brown and yellow vana, Matanzas, Cardenas, Cabaifolk in Cuba thinking Christ and guan, Placetas, and Sancti Spirthat is far better. itus.

Christianity has a free field in First of all I was impressed by Cuba and that is all that the church the youth, the devotion, the earasks. Freedom in religion is guar- nestness, and the spiritual and moranteed and that offers a fine oppor- al passion of the Cuban ministry. tunity for evangelical Christianity. Late into the night, in conference The Roman Catholic Church had with these young men, one could centuries of opportunity among the not fail to be impressed with the Cuban people with all the field to seriousness and the spiritual initself. There should now be tensity of the leaders of this young throughout the island schools and church. They are facing a great colleges and hospitals, but the responsibility with a fine construc- Spanish Church gave Cuba no such tive program. The church means gifts and, as far as a fast traveling everything to them and their abidobserver can see, the long estab- ing loyalty to the evangelical Goslished church failed to do for the pel is a joy and a delight. The minister's home is the lighthouse

and the rendezvous of the village lem. It would seem the path of and is the center of light and life. wisdom to train students of the The minister's family mingles with ministry so that they may read the life of the community and cre- English readily and then make ates an atmosphere of cheer and available for the Cuban ministers hope. Here is a letter from the books that will enable them to sat- daughter of one of these pastors, isfy their intellectual cravings.

a young girl of sixteen: The mission boards would do well Many days ago I was thinking to to think out some way by which write to you but I did not know when pastors in isolated fields may be you were going to get home. I hope supplied with Christian literature. someday we can see you again. We Second, I was impressed with the never can forget you anymore and will multitude of children and youth in be very glad if you could come back all the congregations and schools and stay. We thanks the Lord He visited. One could almost say that gives so many blessings· to us and know all the members of the church the Cuban Church is a young peomeet together every night to pray and ple's church. This may be because we can see the Lord's presence with us. Our services are being better of the close association of the every day and' more people are learn- school and the Church. Perhaps it ing about our Lord Jesus Christ and grows out of the fact that many of be saved, Please remember us, always the ministers of the Cuban Church when you are in prair. Last Sunday we are yfuungand keep vitar"conhad in the principal church two hun- tacts with childhood and youth. Perhaps it grows out of the fact dred and ·sixty. In the Sunday-school that the Church offers an outlet of Mission we had two hundred and six, hope and joy for youth. Certainly so all together were fourth hundred one is impressed by the interested and sixty-six that heared the Sunday- multitudes of children and young school leesson just one time. Excuse people who look up from their my mistakes they are many but you places in the Church and school, know I can't do it very well, but you alert and eager and intensely recan't understand Spanish, and this is sponsive. This speaks well for the a practice for me too. Church. Already sufficient interest This speaks for itself regarding in these young people has been the spiritual atmosphere of the aroused that one of the churches minister's home out of which power at home has provided funds for a comes. Probably the most press- conference for young people after ing issue of these young men who the order of the summer confer- are laying the foundations of the ences which have meant so much evangelical Church in Cuba is their to the young people of the churches hunger for books. Many of them in North America. This confer- do not read English; some read it ence for young people ought to with difficulty and only a few with mark a forward step in the life and ease. The proper religious litera- training of the youth of the Chris- ature is hard to find in Spanish. tian Church in Cuba.

Translations are slow and expen- The third thing that lives in my sive and many of these young men memory is the radiancy of the re- long for the key that will open the ligion of the Christian people of door to a larger intellectual world. the Cuban Church. Youth has We must help them solve this prob- something to do with it. Perhaps

WHEN-CUBA "FELL AMONG THIEVES"

the singing soul of the people dis- There are some four thousand English-speaking people in the city covers a ready expression ·in the of Havana. . They come from all music of the Gospel but certainly parts of the world; from the one finds a sense of joy, or uplift, United States, Canada, Great Britof kindly humor that makes fellow- ain, Australia. A fine piece of land ship easy and worship a delight. has been bought on the boulevard I brought back from Cuba more and there is hope that when more than I took; pictures and photo- prosperous days return tha.t a suitgraphs, lizard skins and snake belts,flowers and memories and able new edifice will ·· be erected enduring friendships. If a singing thereon. Behind this Union .Church SOME MODERN CUBAN CHRTS'l'lANS-PRESBYTERIAN WORKERS army is a victorious army, then a there are consecrated men and singing Church also is a trium- women who not only help forward phant Church, and it would be well the Gospel message among the peofor the home Church to listen in ple of all denominations but who, to the Hallelujah Chorus of the by their contributions, prayers and young Church in Cuba. Well done, sympathy, undergird and support mission boards, arise and enter in- the splendid program of the misto a fuller occupancy! sion churches. To strengthen this Union Church will be to strengthen A word should be spoken con- the whole cause of Christ in Cuba. cerning the Union Church in Cuba.

Every mason in the quarry, every builder on the shore, Every woodman in the forest, every boatman at the oar, Hewing wood and drawing water, splitting stones and clearing sod; All the dusty ranks of labor in the regiment of God, March togetlier toward His temple, do the task His hands prepare; Honest toil is holy service; faithful work is praise and prayer.

-Henry Van Dyke.

STANLEY SAW AFRICAN WOUANHOOD AXD THE AFRICAN

FOLLOWING STANLEY AFTER FIFTY YEARS BY MRS. JOHN M. SPRINGER, Likasi, Central Africa ConfJO .Mission of th e .jffethodi~t Episcop(fl Ohurch STANLEYl Livingstone! Mag- intimate companionship with Liv- ic names. Stranger by far ingstone, "As to the report of his than the tales in Arabian African marriage, it is unneces- Nights, is Stanley's account of sary to say more than that it is "How I Found Livingstone." untrue, and it is utterly beneath a Stranger even than the fingers on gentleman even to hint of such a the wall in ancient Babylon was thing in connection with the name that interview of Stanley's with of Dr. Livingstone."

James Gordon Bennett. Who but That commission to find Livinga character like that of the great stone was the making of Stanley. journalist would have given such The crude war correspondent beterse instructions: "Find Uving- came another man from the day stone." that he stiffly removed his hat and How we used to thrill over Stan- greeted the man for whom he had ley's travels! We came across this been searching for more than two testimony of Stanley which ought years. Livingstone did not preach to be published widely owing to to Stanley in words but his life slander recently broadcasted in a changed Stanley's life completely.

popular volume. Stanley had heard We have read and reread those rumors and writes after weeks of heavy tomes: "How I found Liv- 426

FOLLOWING STANLEY AFTER FIFTY YEARS

ingstone," "Through Darkest Af- Stanley and Livingstone! The rica," "Through the Dark Conti- two names will always be coupled nent" and the accounts of his together. Those two men more founding the Congo Free State and than any others turned the eyes of the final search for Emin Pasha. the whole world to Central Africa We wept with him over the unnec- and through them was brought the essary death of Frank, brought on cure for "the open sore of the by his own daring and self-confi- world." It is not yet healed. The dence that refused the advice of a cure will not be in the governments native. The canoe carrying him which have done much, nor in the was swept into that caldron of large concessions to commercial boiling waters below the fatal falls. companies whose methods are of- We saw Stanley fighting .his way ten more irritating than soothing down to the mouth of the Congo and healing, but it is the Spirit and alone, a sallow, walking skeleton Gospel of Jesus Christ. and we have come to appreciate the shock of how ghastly the faces The Congo Jubilee Conference at of our own race can seem after Kinshasa in September, 1928, months of seeing only the rich, brought us to Stanley Pool for the chocolate faces of the natives. We first time. There we met men who can also understand how the sight had seen Stanley himself-men of his own white face struck terror like the Rev. Joseph Clark and the into the hearts of the brown- Rev. Ross Phillips. We sat one skinned Bantus. No wonder they day on the beautiful grounds of thought him a ghost. the Swedish Mission on the French side of the pool, and listened won- CHRISTIAN WOMANHOOD IN A~'RICA TODAY-AT LOVEDALE

deringly at the account by Dr. went to the conference, had been Clark of how Stanley first came to completed to their station. Until that very spot. We looked at the recently they had never dreamed gentle, refined face of the delicate of a motor road. Now it was done, man before us and tried to recast but alas! they had no car. A little the scene of forty-eight years pre- hand car that had been sent for viously, looking down on the beau- Mrs. Bowskill reminded us of the tiful pool and the magnificent rap- backaches we had had riding over ids roaring and surging into the many a hundred miles in the same narrow confines of the hills below. kind of pousse-pousse. It would take them two days of walking, so Youth today often imagines that we decided to offer to drive them heroism is born for the first time over. It was a rough road but it in them. But here was this intrep- only took us a little over two hours id youth surrounded by some of to drive there. the fiercest savages, with his life hanging in the balance. On the As we honked our way into the other side of the pool were the mission station which, with its white tents of Stanley's camp but Eucalyptus trees, looked like an it was no plan of the wicked chief oasis in the desert, crowds of Banto let these two white men meet tu boys and girls, young men and each other. It is evident that he maidens poured out of the buildplanned at first to kill the youth ings and surrounded the car, all who had corne into his territory. talking at once. What a contrast The young man saw the plotting of these students were to the savage the chief and felt that the end was hordes whose canoes shot from the near. He found all his own car- shore with the cannibal yell, "Nyriers taken over to the other side ama, Nyama" (meat, meat), when and himself surrounded by these Stanley came in sight. bloodthirsty men. Neither he nor anyone else wiH ever know why the It was worth the extra time and chief finally let him go. gas consumed to see the very wheels that Stanley had used for The Ground That Stanley Trod hauling his iron boats around the roaring rapids in the mighty river. Once more we stood on ground Stanley had an army of men with Stanley had trod when we visited him when he made those roads the English Baptist Mission Sta- through the jungle and it took two tion at Wathen. We had sent our hundred menta haul the bOats Ford car down by train to Thys- overland. ville as there was no motor Toad between Thysville and Kinshasa. Mr. Bowskill stood on tlie very A trainload of missionaries got off spot where the agreements were the train at Thysville to spend the signed that inaugurated the Congo night for that dinky little narrow Free State. Free ! Who was free? gauge road is dangerous for run- Not the natives for many years as ning in the dark. We got the car they slaved to supply Leopold's deoff the trucks and ready for the mand for rubber. Yet under all horne trip, and the Bowskills, who the cruelty of foreign domination, had followed closely in Stanley's there was another group of heroic steps, learned that the motor road men and women who brought to which had been started before they them the real freedom which

breaks the yoke of Satan and the ploit the natives. These same shackles of sin. young men and women, the mis- sionary youth of yesterday, neither Before the coming of the white feared the cannibals to whom they man these Africans had had free- went first nor the corrupt men of dom to fight and kill and eat each their own race who came next. other and had used that freedom to Fever stalked abroad hand in hand the limit. No life was safe. Witch- with dysentery but no one left his craft helped in the killing process. post on account of either, unless Terrors of men and devils kept the carried away by main force. unfortunates in a seething caldron of fear day and night. It was a welcome day for all when the government of that great After Stanley had left the coun- section of Central Africa, one of try and the Government was in the the richest spots in the world in hands of Leopold and his group, AFRICANS INSPECTING THE MISSION FORD AT THYSVILLIll another woe was sounded. Men indigenous resources, passed out of and women went to the swamps Leopold's hands into that of the and staggered over the mountain Belgian Government and became a trails either for or with red rub- Belgian Colony. It was a far call ber. I am inclined to believe, from from that spot where Stanley what I heard and saw myself that signed his agreements with the the pictures of suffering entailed chiefs and the Wathen Mission Stawere not overdrawn. tion and the Congo BeIge of today.

Now the missionary is no longer The Belgian Congo is not Utopia surrounded by hostile natives. even yet. The fight between right Sometimes the hostilities are now and wrong, between freedom and from those of his own race for he oppression, between the weak and is emphatically a meddling· nui- the strong, between sin and rightsance in the eyes of those who ex- eousness is still on and, while con-

ditions have changed outwardly, at Likasi by motor car, the first to the missionaries must battle with come through that way. The road and for their people. had only been finished two weeks before we passed over some sec- Wathen Station, with its hun- tions of it. But Africa will not be dreds of bright youths, can be dup- redeemed and freed by motor licated by hundreds of similar roads. The redemption must come centers all over the Congo today. from within through Jesus Christ and the knowledge of that redemp- In addition to them there are the tion is to come through the thouthousands of village schools and sands of little churches and schools churches under native teachers and preachers. Many of these churches ONE WAY Ole RF.T.TEVTNG THE SUFFERINGS OF AFRICAN TOILERS are already self-propagating, self- and from the larger training cengoverning and self-supporting. ters where the youth of Africa is in training for leadership. One of Those who have known the free- the greatest needs is for more misdom that is to be found in Christ sionaries to train these native men Jesus now number hundreds of and women so that larger numbers, thousands in the Congo. with far more effectiveness, may go out into the highways and by- The railroads and motor roads ways and bring their own people are a great help in opening Cen- to the feet of the Master. tral Africa. We traveled 2,000 miles and returned to our station The present difficult circumstance, which presses so hard against us (if surrendered to Christ), is the well shaped tool in the Father's hand to shape us for eternity. Let us trust him, then, and not push away the instrument lest we lose the glorious effect of His work.

– THE LAND OF KING

A TRAVEL LETTER BY DR. GEORGE T. SCOTT ASHooiute /·,'CCf·ctfWU I)f tile l'n'Hbyt('tian B(J(lr([ of Foreign iJli88iotl8 King Prajadhipok and Queen Ramabaibarni, the genial and enlightened rulers of Siam, are now visiting America, where the king has been successfully operated upon for the removal of a cataract. King Prajadhipok is a graduate of Oxford University, England, and has proved an efficient ruler of almost the only absolute monarchy left in the world. Dr. Scott visited Siam recently and has given his impressions here.-EDITOR.

T HIS little land of about eleven monarchy left in the world. For- million people seems simple, tunately the king, like hili two and yet it eludes definite char- predecessors, is a highly enlightacterization and analysis. The ened, progressive and benevolent Siamese may be described as pleas- ruler. He and his corps of apant, friendly, complacent or satis- pointed Ministers and Councilors fied, easy-going, relaxed or unam- of State (mostly princes of blood bitious. They impress a visitor as royal) are industrious, intelligent being contented. For this there are leaders of their loyal subjects. A many reasons, e. g., the warm sun typical tale is told of the king visitand rich soil; the ubiquitous, thor- ing in a foreign land. ough-going Buddhism seeking the annihilation of desire and avoiding "We have one of your princes liv- ing here," he was informed.'

all acts that might possibly retard "What does he do?" inquired the the individual's progress upward king. in the scale of reincarnations; the wide-spread malaria and hook- "Nothing!" was the reply. worm, which sap vitality, physical "Then he does not belong to us," His Majesty rejoined. "We work."

and mental. The Presbyterian All the royal family work for the Mission cooperated with the Gov- welfare and advancement of their ernment and the Rockefeller Foun- country. The heir-apparent, Prince dation in the study of hookworm, Songkla, brother of the king, over· looking toward its eradication. One worked at his medical studies in physician had one hundred persons America and untimely death preselected at random to test; ninety- vented his service in relieving hu- seven showed unmistakable hook- man suffering in Siam. worm and the other three de- "American mIsSIOnaries have camped! It is said that the army as a whole showed more than done more for the advancement of eighty-five per cent infected. The my people than any other foreign Government is trying to overcome influence," was the public statethe prevalent diseases (which ex- ment of King Chulalongkorn, the act a very heavy toll of infants and great leader of Siam's renaissance. children) and thus to counteract This is typical of the high regard the resultant defects in life and in which, from the early begincharacter, and to lead the nation nings a century ago, missionaries forward. have been held by both rulers and people. Probably in no other coun- Siam is about the only absolute try has there been such friendIi- 431

ness of feeling, intimacy of contact lined a course of training girls to and desire of cooperation between develop the finest kind of women government and mISSIOns. Al- to lead home and family and to though Siam is frankly a Buddhist make the highest sort of State. The land with no separation of religion government aims to avoid what from State, there is freedom of appears to be an excess of higher conscience with no official effort to education for both men and women make Buddhism the exclusive reli- in many other countries. Now the gion. Christianity is free to ex- Government is inaugurating two tend by every fair means. In many years of junior college work of a pieces of missionary educational, professional and pre-professional medical and welfare work, the nature. highest officials of the government generously cooperate with gifts and Through these and other chanenthusiastic commendation, and nels of meeting human needs the the institutions are unrestricted in religious instruction and worship. great message of Christ's spiritual Gospel is practised and proclaimed. The Government must realize Direct preaching is a very vital that the Christian missionaries are part of the mission program. The the best and truest foreign friends fruitage of evangelism in recent that the people have, and that to years, as measured by the common them is due much of the impetus but insufficient scale of church and program of the great national membership, has not been large. reforms. Not only has there been To become a Christian openly is the indirect influence of institu- not easy in a Buddhist family and tions and processes which serve as state, and in the eyes of the new suggestions and models but also nationalism, Christianity still apmissionaries and their sons have pears foreign and adherence to it acted frequently as unofficial or of- unpatriotic. The s e inhibitions ficial advisers of Government. would be largely removed if the Church were to become ecclesiasti- Among the many things intro- cally independent of the Church duced by the missionary, and which in America. While the numerical Siam is increasingly developing as strength of the Siamese Church is her own, are modern medicine and not large, it has well-trained public health in which the country younger leaders (lay and clerical) is making steady strides forward, who are coming into places of insegregation and care of lepers of fluence and are beginning to feel a whom there are a large number, group consciousness and responsiproper obstetrics and care of chil- bility which are moving them out dren, both .of which are sadly de- into an aggressive campaign for fective, the equality of women (to Christ. The future looks bright for whom Buddhism offers next to progress. nothing) who must build the new homes of a renewed nation, and Myriads of yellow-robed priests modern education in which the walk the streets and the hundreds Government is purposely proceed- of temples (called Wats) dot the ing slowly and carefully along lines landscape. The lands of the Orient suited to the needs of the people. are very religious and none more Prince Damrong, uncle of the king and his close counselor, has out- so than Siam. An occidental is amazed, appalled and shamed by the oriental's devotion to and sac-

SIAM-THE LAND 01<' KING PRAJADHIPOK

rifice for his spiritual belief. The from the present-day world of strenuous affairs. The great mass priests are noticeably young, par- of her people are blandly uncon- scious of the complexities and perticularly thase that walk the streets plexities of this twentieth century. Another reason may be that the at dawn with their bowls present- Government has placed prohibitive import duties upon movements that ing to the faithful the privilege of disturb other lands. There seems to be no trouble over capital and making an offering to the support labor, scale of living, over-produc- tion, collapse of markets, military of holy men, which offering will budgets, threats of war, unemploy- ment, partisan politics and similar "make merit" to offset sins and to commotions common in other coun- tries. The great question is Chiadvance along the almost endless nese immigration; almost half the people in Bangkok are Chinese and generations to "Enlightment." they form a large part of every city and town. They control Siam's They do not beg for food but commerce and trade, which they have patiently earned by intellimerely offer opportunity for im- gent, unremitting industry, work- ing early and late with a mental provement in the next transmigra- and physical vigor that defies com- petition by the nationals. tion. Most of these youths are Royalty and Missions in Siam neophytes under instruction in the King Prajadhipok, of Siam, who Wat schools and may remain in the is now visiting America, has be- stowed his favor upon the Presby- . priesthood only a few years. Thou- terian Mission work there. His predecessor on the throne gave his sands of priests walk or stand and own title to the Mission College at Chiengmai, naming it the Prince stare, chanting prayers in archaic Royal College. King Prajadhipok is not a Christian but he attendlanguage; but I could not find one ed the Centennial Celebration of Christian work in Siam in 1928 or learn of one who was doing any- and spoke appreciatively concern- ing it. This year the queen invited thing to help humanity in any the entire Jane Hays Memorial School of Bangkok (a branch of practical way; priests are above, the Presbyterian Mission) to join in her birthday celebration, prebeyond and outside of the mundane sented prizes to four of the girls, and gave a year's tuition to the one realm and think and live in the who won the highest number of points in the games. sphere of detached spirit. One's Prince Dhani, Minister of Eduheart goes out to those thousands of youths with their expressionless faces viewing the world as illusion but with their evident potentiality for constructive contact with the world of reality.

The temples a:re of all sorts and conditions. In the court of the Wat of the Emerald Buddha at the Royal Palace in Bangkok are ex- Quisite multi – colored structures glistening in iridescent sunlight.

Many, perhaps most, Wats show their age, with buildings in need of repair and grounds neglected.

This may be because the priests are indifferent to their physical surroundings.

The aloof separateness of the Wat, the indifferent complacency of the ever-present priest, the sheer other-worldiness of Bud- dhistic philosophy, may account at least in part for Siam's detachment 3 .

cation, has also visited several mis- Luke in every home that could be sion schools, and praised the work. reached. About 11,000 copies of An official visitor to the leper home Luke in Siamese and 1,000 in at Sritamarat made himself re- Malay and Chinese were distrib- sponsible for the complete furnish- uted. In another section 5,000 ing of the operating room in the copies of the Gospel of John were hospital. used. This was followed up by Large liberty is enjoyed in reli- mimeograph monthly let t e r s. gious teaching, though students are Bangkok workers report that not the least of the year's results was often from the princely classes. the revival of evangelism. At Chi- The now venerable Prince Dam- engrai Siamese leaders have organrong, the long-time friend of ized a Gospel Team. American missionaries, is continu- ing his kindly interest in the mis- The two advanced schools for sion. girls, Wattana Wittaya at Bang- No national Siam church exists kok and Dara Wittaya at Chiengas yet, but more national respon- mai, report a good year. Siam is sibility is being assumed by Sia- waking up to the fact that girls mese and Chinese. The semicen- need an education, hence the tennial celebration of the founding schools are crowded. Both schools of Lampang church was carried on report an active religious life solely by the Siamese believers. among the students.

Schools at Sritamarat, Pitsanuloke, Mission hospitals are operated Chiengmai, Nan and elsewhere re- at each of the 10 stations of the port excellent service from Siamese Presbyterian Mission. Tn Bangkok principals and the large majority other medical provision is avail- of teachers are nationals. able, but an important maternity An increasing number of nation- center is maintained, together with al Christians are accepting the re- a medical health service and a medsponsibility of governing and car- ical clinic. Two important leper inrying on the established work of stitutions are maintained with the Chiengmai. This gives the mis- cooperation of the American Missionary an opportunity to devote sion to Lepers. Both institutions time to advance phases of the work need further equipment, inexpeninstead of holding only that which sive but essential.

has already been won. In many The first meeting of the Nation- ways, the national constituency is al Christian Council of Siam brings showing not only its ability, but its this land into closer fellowship desire to assume more and more of with others. As a result of the vis- the financial responsibility. A true it of Dr. John R. Mott for the or- indigenous or national church is ganization of this Council, the Y.

well on its way to realization in M. C. A. has entered Bangkok.

Siam. The Presbyterian Mission is al- Touring evangelism was carried most the only Protestant Chrisian on dUring the past year from Srita- work among the 11,000,000 sub- marat by train, motor lorry, pa- jects of King Prajadhipok, who is nies, boats, coolies, on foot and one of the world's few remaining even by swimming flooded streams. absolute monarchs in this country The aim was to place a Gospel of of 200,000 square miles.

PRESENT CRISIS IN MISSION

BY THE EDITOR REMARKABLE changes have extend its life to the "uttermost taken place since the days part of the earth"; or would the when William Carey and infant enterprise languish and die twelve fellow ministers formed the for want of vitality and nourish- first English "Society for Propo- ment at home? Gradually the gating the Gospel Among the Church was aroused and responded Heathen." That was a time of feebly. Pioneers went forth in crisis for the Church and for the faith, like Abraham, not knowing world. Christ had come on His whither they went. They wrote life-giving mission nearly nineteen home stories that stirred the hearts hundred years before. He had of Christians – reports of adven- given the command to His disciples ture, of hardship, of ignorance and to evangelize the world; He had superstition, of dangers encoun- promised His presence and His tered and fierce opposition to their powers to those who obeyed. Still message. In those days practically five whole continents and the is- all of the nonChristian lands were lands of the sea were almost in not only unevangelized, but un- total ignorance of His message of occupied. Many representatives of life and love. A few Roman Cath- the Church of Rome had traveled olic missionaries had gone on the in distant fields, but almost no at- great adventure; the Dutch had tempt had been made by Protestant colonized South Africa; Christian Christians to reach Moslems, Hin- Europeans had settled in parts of dus, Buddhists, Shintoists, Taoists America; Moravians had opened and Animists. The Christians in stations in Greenland, Iceland and Europe and America were for the the West Indies; some Danish most part ignorant and indifferent Lutherans had founded a mission as to the condition and fate of these in India-but that was all. The millions whom Christ came to save.

world was far from evangelized. Some church leaders even argued The missionary enterprise was that it was not our business to born through the moving of the interfere with God's plans for the Spirit of God in the hearts of His heathen.

servants, but the infant enterprise It was a time of crisis. The faced many difficulties and dan- Church had come to a fork in the gers. In the Church there was road; the life of the missionary strong opposition to such a pre- enterprise was in the balance.

sumptuous and impossible under- Would the Church respond to the taking. There were also countless call? Would men volunteer to go?

enemies to be met in the fields Could missionaries gain a foot- where missionaries sought to win hold among these hostile heathen?

converts for their Master. Could Would they survive the dangers to the new-born project of the Church health? Could the pagans be truly survive such tests of vitality? converted and built up into a Here was the crisis of infancy. strong church? It waS a crisis due Could the Christian Church over- to apparently closed doors, to pre- come opposition and dangers and vailing ignorance at home, to un- 435

certainity and to inaction. History ized; the Laymen's and Young has shown how the Christians of People's missionary movements Europe and America responded followed. Missionary societies of and how the promise of Christ was all denominations came together to fulfilled-by the opening of doors, study the whole world problem and the enlistment of workers, the to cooperate in seeking a solution. breaking down of opposition, the The Ecumenical Conference in conversion of individuals and the 1900 gave the enterprise a new transformation of communities. standing and silenced many critics. Ten years later came the Edin- About a half century ago there burgh Conference that developed came another crisis in missionary the study of the science of mishistory. The infant enterprise had sions. The Jerusalem Conference survived and had grown. Much of followed to emphasize the developthe pioneering had been accom- ment of national churches in misplished. The Church at home had sion lands. International and ingiven evidence of new vitality and terdenominational cooperation has opportunities abroad had enlarged. been promoted by the International Women had entered the mission Missionary Council, and the Nafield to minister to women and chil- tional Christian Councils in the dren. The power of the Gospel to mission fields, to study problems transform people of every race and and policies and to advance with condition had been proved. But a united program. The crisis of the missionary work was largely youth has passed, with thanksgivindividualistic and wholly inade- ing to God for His direction and quate. There was danger lest the the evidence of His power to overgreatness of the opportunity might come. weaken the enterprise. Here was the crisis of youth. Would the The Crisis of Maturity Christians of Europe and America take advantage of the enlarged op- Today we face a new crisis in portunity? W 0 u I d unfriendly Nle history of the Church and in critics of missions discourage the the work of missions. It is the churches or would the critics be crisis of maturity. The adventures silenced ? Would Christians study of pioneering days have almost disthe fields and the methods of ap- appeared. All doors are openproach more earnestly and intellic with the exception of Tibet and gently so as to discover the needs Afghanistan. The unenlightened and how to meet them ? Would the critics have been put to shame and Christian youth volunteer with even nonChristian governments their lives and would Christian lay- have testified to the beneficial inmen respond with their substance fluence of Christianity on the inadequately to meet the situation? tellectual, social and moral life of their people. Mission hospitals and Again this crisis was success- schools have brought blessing to fully passed. The churches were millions that would otherwise have aroused and responded. The Stu- continued in ignorance and sufferdent Volunteer Movement was ing. Four million living converts formed that has enlisted for the are now enrolled in the churches in foreign fields over 12,000 workers. nonChristian lands and these in- Missionary literature grew; many clude some world renowned Ieadnew sending societies were organ-

THE PRJ<::SENT CRISIS IN MISSION LANDS

ers. Churches in the homelands 3. The Crisis in the Churches in have been brought together in a Mission Lands.

united missionary program; books 4. The Crisis in the Home Base and newspapers, students from Churches. abroad and travelers visiting mis- sion lands have made us familiar The Crisis in Mission Lands with world conditions and have de- Any traveler or student of world veloped an understanding of the conditions needs no argument to other man's point of view. The Christian Church has become in- prove that the world itself is at a diginous in the mission fields. crisis.

But today is a day of awakening 1. There is, today, a world-wide youth, a day of scientific investiga- awakening. The ignorance, lethtion, of realism, of skepticism, of argy, and subjection of the masses revision and revolt. The mission- to the favored few or to things as ary enterprise has survived the they have been, is a thing of the threatened dangers of infancy and past. Our recent world journey of youth. revealed everywhere this spirit of What are the dangers that unrest and a desire for change.

threaten its' further development, 1. This is almost universally perchance its very life, in this day true in the political world and is of maturity? The questions arise- no doubt traceable to the influence Shall we retreat or advance? Shall of the World War, to the progress we revise our misisonary ideals, of education, to the rising spirit of our main purpose, our policies, democarcy and to the desire of all our methods? Some are asking people to share in the benefits enanew if the world after all needs joyed in the most favored classes the Gospel of Christ. Is the Gos- or nations. In Egypt and the Sudan, pel effective as a world force to riots are suppressed only with a bring enlightenment, peace, justice strong hand; in Syria the spirit and satisfaction? The World War of revolt against French control has taken the scales from many s I urn be r s but is not quenched; eyes and has revised standards of Palestine is a caldron where Arab life. The crisis of maturity comes oil and Jewish water refuse to mix; from a temptation to complacency; Arabia is in revolt against the Sulfrom an inclination to question the tan, Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud; India need for such sacrifice. Men are is still seething with revolt against inclined to cast aside all beliefs and British rule and insistently destandards and to try new theories mands self-government; Moslems of life and liberty. and Hindus vie with each other for In this day of change and re- supremacy; Burma has recently vision we see Christian missions been the scene of riots and rebelfaced by a fourfold crisis. It is a lion; China is torn in all directions time when the enterprise is again by civil war and is the hotbed of in the balance, or at a fork in the pirates, bandits and communists; roads. Let us consider this four- revolution has recently changed fold crisis and how it is to be met. the governments of Turkey, Ger- 1. The Crisis in Mission Land.~. many, Italy, Greece, Serbia, Ire- 2. The Crisis in Missionary Pol· land and Spain. Russia is the icies. Esau among the nations-her hand

against every natioH and every na- cult. This is true in Japan and tion's hand against her. The Latin China, in India and Burma, in American republics are the scenes Persia and Europe. The financial of continued political revolution; depression in lands from which the seeds of rebellion are not ab- missionaries come increases the sent from the United States of problem of adequate support for America and are growing in Great the work. Australia is threatened Brit3,in and the nations of Europe. with bankruptcy, due largely to This universal political unrest prodigal spending. The unemploymay not be wholly evil, but it di- ment problems in England and verts attention from the pursuits North America have 'caused much of peace and makes missionary suffering and have helped to bring work more difficult. In China, for a great decrease in gifts to mis- example, the civil war, riots and sions. The economic depression banditry have resulted in the re- also offers opportunity for worldcent murder of ten or more mis- wide communistic propaganda.

sionaries, in the capture of some 3. The social upheaval in mis- twenty-five others held for ransom, sion lands is another element in the in the looting or destruction of crISIS. Not only has the revolu- churches, schools, and residences tion in Russia elevated the pro- and in the defiling of many of the letariat at the expense of the mission buildings by ruthless sol- intelligentsia but throughout Asia diers. The Chinese pastors, stu- the depressed classes are looking dents and other Christians have with disfavor on the unequal dis- been molested and some of them tribution of wealth and are de- have been killed. It is a critical manding their rights. The social time in every disturbed land. order in India that has for cen- World-Wide Depression turies prevailed, is being chal- lenged. While villages still observe 2. There is also a crisis in mis- caste restrictions, with the advance sion lands due to world-wide eco- of education and the increase of nomic depression. This is the intercommunication, these caste result of war and national debts, rules are difficult to enforce in of drought and floods, of over-pro- cities. At the Round Table Con- duction and selfish competition, of ference in London, caste was dis- unemployment and foolish extrava- regarded by Indian delegates who gance. Korea, for example, is be- agreed to work for its abolition ing materially developed by the when India obtains self-govern- Japanese while the Koreans are ment. This involves many difficul- being impoverished by taxation ties for education is required to and by the introduction of ma- train outcastes in habits of cleanli- chinery which makes hand labor ness and the present social system less in demand. This condition of India requires sweepers to clean makes the development of self- latrines and do similar disagree- supporting churches very difficult. able duties before modern sanita- In all Asiatic lands the masses are tion is generally introduced. Many held down under grinding poverty. social reforms have been intro- While the economic life of some is duced in all mission fields-includ- being raised, that of a still larger ing new marriage laws and the number is being made more diffi- rights of women. But with new

THE PRESENT CRISIS IN MISSION LANDS

liberty to women, without old so- "lose face." Youth is in the saddle.

cial restrictions, there come also Will the result be a dash for liberty many dangers. and a fall, or will the situation 4. The intellectual crisis in mis- come under wise control and evension lands is due to the growth of tuate in intelligent leadership?

education and the introduction of The Present Religious Crisis new ideas from the West. This increased enlightenment has led to 5. The religious crisis in these the breaking down of superstition, mission lands is even more immi- the acceptance of modern science, nent and important. With the in- and the growth of literacy with all troduction of modern education, that it involves. Children are be- the old religious superstitions and coming more sophisticated than customs are bound to go. Idolatry their parents and are breaking must be discarded. The obscene away from parental control. The symbolism and songs and the mor- growth and adoption of new ideas al evils associated with the temples is seen in every mission field, es- in India stand discredited; the pecially perhaps in such lands as ceremony of bathing in filthy Turkey where the whole order and temple tanks and rivers, is already ideal of education have changed. disapproved as breeding disease; Formerly it was illegal to translate the support of parasitic priests in the Koran which was the chief Hindu and Buddhist lands cannot textbook in the schools. N ow it is continue indefinitely. A Ire a d y discarded and the sacred Arabic many temples in India are losing script is replaced by the Roman patronage; hundreds of temples in alphabet, thus closing the door on China are falling into decay or are the past while opening wide the being used for secular purposes; door to modern literature-much in Japan, Shinto worship is being of which is corrupting and athe- accepted as a patriotic rite and istic. Buddhists are imitating Christian The effect of this 'intellectual songs and methods. Even among crisis is seen in a marked degree Moslems the old fanaticism is dein China, where the old Confucian creasing, confidence in the perfecstandards of education have been tion of Mohammed and in the final discarded in favor of modern phil- authority of the Koran is passing, osophy and science. As a result, and reform sects are declaring that everything old and formerly re- while Islam is supreme, all religions vered is being relegated to the are really one. In Africa and the scrap-heap. Students of modern- Pacific Isles, ignorant spirit worism have become self-confident and ship and witchcraft break down aggressive and take delight in under the influence of modern eduiconoclasm. Student strikes are cation.

common in both government and Not only are old beliefs dying mission schools. Resignations of out, and with them many evil cus- presidents and professors are de- toms, but there are passing also manded ; scholastic degrees are many safeguards and regulations considered more desirable than for conduct. There is danger that character or intelligence; faculties all religion may be discarded for are asked to pass students who do a rationalistic and materialistic not meet requirements, less they philosophy of life. This tendency

is seen in an extreme form in Rus- be laid in truth and will more abidsia where Communistic leaders ing and satisfactory superstruchave come out for atheism and tures be built according to "the anti-God societies h a v e bee n pattern in the mount"? Will the formed. Religion is declared to basis of the new structure be mire be a tool of imperialistic capitalism and quicksand rather than rock, and an "opiate of the people." Not and will buildings of wood, hay only is the teaching of religion to and stubble rise instead of stone children forbidden, but the youth and steel? are trained to break down faith in Christ and in all Christian beliefs II. This crisis in mission lands and customs. The results are is also affected by the new and shown in the disregard for truth more intimate contacts of all naand for parental authority, in the tions, races and religions. Isolalight value placed on life, in the tion is a thing of the past. breaking down of morality and the Whether we will or no, each man rejection of all ethical standards is, in some degree, his brother's for life other than those imposed keeper. Where one hundred years by the State. Russia proclaims ago it required seven months to itself a union of Soviet Socialist reach a distant field, today the Republics, but is in reality a des- whole globe can be circled in three potism, and anarchy is controlled weeks in a zeppelin. Where it only by force. In China, India, formerly took a year for letters to Japan, Moslem lands and else- travel, the radio and cable can where, the Christian missionary bring news to the most remote outtoday not only faces the antago- stations in a few minutes. Stanley nism of false religions, but must took three years to find Livingmeet the bitter attacks of anti-re- stone, but today a wireless is set ligious forces. Many young people up in Central Africa and a convereducated in modern colleges at sation is held with Chicago. As a home and in foreign lands have result we not only know what is discarded all religion and now use happening in remote lands almost their intellectual training to fight before it occurs, but the influence Christianity and the missionary of of a battle, a market depression, a Christ. China and Turkey have change in government or a disrequired the exclusion of all reli- aster is felt almost immediately gion from mission schools and col- around the world. If the women leges; Japan and Persia have in America stop wearing silk, it passed laws for the same purpose causes suffering in the villages of and In d i a may discriminate Japan. World-wide travel and disagainst Christianity when self-rule semination of news increases the senses of friendliness or of fricis established. tion. The exclusion law passed in All mission lands, and particu- Washington immediately c au sed anti-American demonstrations in larly the peoples of Asia and Africa, Japan while friendly acts, as in the time of the earthquake, open are in a state of unrest and trans- wide the doors. ition. New forces are coming into play. Old things are passing These closer contacts also help away; an things are becoming to spread disease. It is said that new. Will the new civilizations be the deadI;v influenza epidemic of ynstabl!, or will better foundations

THE PRESENT CRISIS IN MISSION LANDS

1918, which wrought such world- as painted. Books written to show wide havoc, started in central Asia. the b e aut i e s of nonChristian The spread of leprosy and plague faiths, and advocating eclecticism, must be guarded against by rigid have also had an effect of weaken- quarantine; atheistic or commu- ing the conviction of some as to the nistic propaganda e a s i I y and need for Christian missions. Many rapidly spreads from east to west books, magazine articles and lec- and north to south. As in days of tures, written to entertain, show old the same ship carried to Africa only the picturesque side of non- strong drink and Bibles, so today Christian peoples and overlook the the same post carries truth and sordid, the false elements in their falsehood, C h r i s t ian and anti- religions and their lack of power Christian influences. to save men from sin and death.

The Mixture of Faiths For those who accept this view, the nerve of missions is cut at home III. Another factor in this and the people in mission lands are crisis in mission lands, due to the often told that Americans and closer contacts and the interchange British are accepting Hinduism, of ideas, is the mingling of differ- Islam or other cults in place of ent faiths and philosophies and the Christianity. Many, like Mahatma breaking down of religious bar- Gandhi, attempt to add Jesus to riers. the Oriental Pantheon, as merely The people of China and India another honored teacher of morals no longer judge America by the and truth. The clearcut line of missionaries they meet. The World demarkation between the followers War, the coming of students and of Christ and those who reject other travelers to Europe and Him is becoming more faint and America, the spread of the cinema less distinguishable in many cases.

and the work of news gathering Truly there is a modern crisis agencies have raised the question: in mission lands due to the univer- Is the civilization of the Occident sal unrest, to the closer contact be- desirable for Oriental peoples? The tween Orient and Occident, to stories and pictures of murder, distorted views of Christianity and robbery, adultery, unbridled pas- of nonChristian religions, and to sion and other evils, exploited in the weakening of conviction as to the Orient, give as unsavory a view the unique and supreme place of of "Christian" lands from which Christ as the only Saviour of man they come, as does Miss Mayo's and the true revelation of God.

book of the life in India. Natur- Effects and Dangers ally the question is asked by these "heathen": Will we better our con- The effects of this crisis in mis- ditions by becoming Christians? sion lands is most evident today On the other hand, the propa- in an extreme form in Russia.

ganda of Mrs. Annie Besant, the There political unrest has resulted visits to America and Europe by in revolution and the establishment such men as Tagore and the lec- of the "dictatorship of the prole- tures of devotees of Hinduism, tariat"-in reality a despotism in Bahaism and other religions, have the hands of a small committee.

raised doubts in many Occidental Economic revolution has over- minps if these religions are as bad thrown private ownership and man-

agement of industries based on ex- a tory? Jesus Christ faced similar perience, has established nationalized enterprises and done away situation in Palestine in His day, with private ownership. The so- though there was then less power cial upheaval has submerged the in the revolutionary party. That bourgeoise (or upper classes) and was also a time of unrest and a has put the laborers in authority. desire for change. The Jews were Blood has given place to brawn as restive under the rule of Rome so a passport to preferment. Palaces that a class of patriots arose, called are turned into tenements and the zealots. Poverty and wealth were only privileged classes (theoreti- in severe contrast, as is seen in the cally) are those who submerge story of the rich man and Lazarus. individuality in the social mass This caused bitter enmity and disand submit absolutely to the Soviet satisfaction. Sharp social lines regime. The intellectual revolu- were drawn, even among the Jews tion has resulted in the deposition themselves, between pharisees and of intelligentsia, the discarding of publicans, between master and all tradition, the adoption of ma- slave. Intellectual awakening was terialism as the foundation of life, promoted through the influence of and rationalism as the philosophy Greek culture and philosophy. Heof the land. Prurient and blas- brew religious beliefs and practices phemous literature is given free were influenced by those of Egypt, circulation in Russia while the Greece, Babylonia and Rome. publication and distribution of the Bible is banned. The religious up- How did Christ and His apostles heaval has been expressed in icono- turn the unrest and the crisis of clasm and a persistent effort to that day into victory? destroy faith in God, in human responsibility to any power outside First, they made no compromise of the State and in a. denial of with evil or with political forces immortality. Liberty of conscience out of harmony with God and his and freedom to teach religion is program. They fearlesSly and denied. Class hatred is promoted rather than brotherly love. Perse- consistently preached the Kingdom cution and death is the· fate of of God and His righteousness. those who put God first. Man is God and his will came first in their conceived of as a transient and thought and program. intellectual animal without a soul, rather than as a spiritual being Second, they asked no special made in the image of God, with protection or privileges in the dis- Godlike possibilities and destiny. charge of their mission. Jesus In spite of the good elements in the Soviet program of social justice, suffered and died without resistnations that adopt the philosophy ance, though He might have called and program of atheistic commun- on the Father for twelve legions ism start on the road to destruc- of angels to defend Him against tion. His enemies. The apostles fol- lowed His example. How Meet This Crisis Third, they trusted the truth of How is this crisis in mission God, constantly and consistently lands to be met and turned to vic- proclaimed to work a revolution in men's minds and hearts, by the power of the Holy Spirit.

Fourth, they manifested the life and power of God by pure living and loving service without thought

THE PRESENT CRISIS IN MISSION LANDS

of selfish gain or earthly reward. says in his recent book "China's They followed the way of the Cross Rev 0 I uti 0 n from the Inside,"

to victory. though "antiChristian movements We know the result. It required are popular among certain classes time and patience, fidelity and there are no attacks against the suffering, but a small united group person of Jesus" or against His of men and women under the teachings. Spiritua1 forces are leadership of Christ were used to greatest. Mahatma Gandhi, per- transform Europe – politically, haps the finest example of non- economically, socially, intellectually Christian leaders, acknowledges and religiously. Men of different the power of the principles of races came into closer contact and Christ and seeks to follow His ex- into a fuller understanding, but the ample and teachings. Toyohiko standards of the Word of God were Kagawa, the notable Japanese not lowered and the strength of Christian, has won a unique posi- pagan religions was not permitted tion of leadership by sacrificial to dilute the Gospel of Christ. The service and seeks to correct the sovereignty of God was put first evils of the day and to transform and the Spirit of God was the society by love as revealed in Jesus power on which the apostles de- Christ.

pended to carry out the program Spiritual forces must be de- af God. pended upon to turn the crisis in This method of meeting the mission lands into victory. The crisis in mission lands is not out of Church and the representatives of date. The power of God has not Christ must present united forces, waned and is manifest today. The not a divided army, we must ad- dead religion of the Czarist regime vance on our knees, bearing the caused faith to be discarded, but Cross, in the spirit of sacrificial evangelical Christians are exerting service, if the Kingdom of God is a strong influence in Russia in to come and the standard of Christ spite of persecution. Missionaries is to wave supreme over every in China and other lands have re- land. The day wi1l come when nounced protection and special "every knee shall bow and every privileges from secular govern- tongue confess that Jesus Christ is ments. The failure of Christians Lord to the glory of God the to follow fully the teachings of Father"-the day when Christ Christ has caused misunderstand- Himself will return in power to ing and has brought discredit on reign and will subdue all things the Church but, as Dr. R. Y. La unto Himself.

(Next Month-THE CRISIS IN MISSIONARY POLICY) THE WORLD'S NEED-It is not worth while to cross the street to give India a new religious philosophy. India already has more religions and more philosophy than its people can und,erstand.

It would be a waste {jf time to give China a new code of ethics. Confucius gave the Chinese a vastly better code than they have ever practiced.

There is no need to go across the sea to give Japan a better system of education for the Japanese have all that the West can give them.

But it is worth the sacrifice of money, of comforts, of life itself to carry to India, to China, to Japan, to Africa and other lands the Good News that Jesus Christ came into the world to save sinners and to reveal God, the Heavenly Father, and to make possible God's way of life for men.

UNHOLY "HOLI" FESTIVAL IN

FROM MISS IVA M. FISH The following private letter has recently come from a missionary friend in India with whom we stayed last year. It expresses a deep need.

T HIS is the big day of that Last Monday when I was visiting disgusting Hindu hoi ida y in one of the Hindu homes, the "Holi." Because of this re- women said, "Do you see the pic- ligious festival I am not able to go tures on that calendar in front of into the city to teach this week. you? They killed a Sahib." It Yesterday we went in a motor was a picture of two young Indian lorry to a small place about sixty men dressed in European clothes.

miles from here. In the jungle we "But why do you have the pic- ran out of gas and had to wait ture of murderers in your house?"

there for two hours. It was the I asked. The reply came smilingly night when Hindus light the big and rather proudly, "They killed a bonfire which is part of this cele- white man."

bration. Another woman and I had "Why'!" I asked.

to wait at a crossroads alone for a "Gandhi Ji," was all she would time and as we sat on a stone by say.

the wayside, people from the vil- One morning I was coming lage came into the jungle, hunting along a narrow city street, and anything that would burn. Their just ahead of me saw a young man, shouts, as they found cow-dung with his head turned in the other or other inflammable material, direction, just finishing his toilette sounded like a mob of fiends. It on the front verandah. He was made the chills run down my back tying his dhoties (loose trousers).

to hear them. He put his hand inside the door We were thankful to reach home and brought out a terrible looking safely, but since midnight crowds knife, full twelve inches long, of men, covered with red color, which he stuck in the side of his have passed our house beating dhoties at the waist. He pulled drums and singing vile songs. I down his long shirt and walked am told that at this festival time away. One, who had not seen what the women sing and repeat to one had hapened would have thought another such obscene things that he was an innocent, peaceful young if they did it at any other time of man. I wondered how many of the the year, their husbands would kill men whom I pass every day are them! The very beat of the drums thus prepared for eventualities.

indicate that the songs are evil. Poor India.

The educated young men claim Pray for the Indian Church.

that they do not take part in this Next week is a week of evangel- festival, but it seems impossible ism. From the indifference of that all are uneducated who are the many Indian Christians, it passing our house today, This is seems that unless missionaries do a horrible curse of Hinduism! most of the work, the week will not The religion of these people be very fruitful. The time has sanctions murder and obscenity. come when these Indian Christians 444

MISS SUSIE SORABJI, OF POONA

should evangelize their own coun- wasted in thinking of authority, try, but too often they seem to money and honors. Until foreign think most about the money which and Indian Christian ideals and the West sends to this land, and desires harmonize and are the who is to have the spending of it. same as those of our Master, to bring men and women out of dark- We all need to be fired by the ness into His glorious light, we Holy Spirit with a zeal for Christ. cannot walk together. Why should Last Sunday I felt intensely the not all the members of the Indian pain and burden of it all. The Church learn to look upon it as a Christian women in my Bible class duty and privilege to tell the story agreed that they should be wit- of the love of Christ? In my ears nesses for Christ, but they quite I hear, "Ye must be born again" calmly acknowledged they did not and I know that when we have a have enough love for the Lord. Church made up wholly of "born- How greatly we need a revival! If again Christians" then it will be Christians truly know their Sav- a witnessing Church and a Church iour there will be much more time with power. May God hasten the spent in bringing others to a day! knowledge of Him, and less time MISS SUSIE SORABJI, OF POONA T HE Rev. Sorabji Kharsedji Helena's is a co-educational and in- and his wife were pioneers of ternational school, meant chiefly progress and education in the Bombay Presidency. He was one of for Parsees, but in which seven difthat famous group of Parsee stu- ferent nationalities are repredents who many years ago became Christians in Bombay. Susie was sented. the sixth daughter, and the son was The children come as babies to a well-known barrister of North India. All the daughters were un- the Kindergarten and grow up tousually brilliant and their activi- gether, which has made co-educaties brought them into touch with tion a success. St. Helena's is a English and American life. One corporation of friends, and looks of them is a Christian woman bar- upon differences as new species of rister who recently toured Amer- gifts to be contributed to the servica, and another is Mrs. Pennell, ice of the world in the name of the the widow of the famous mission- "family." Some leave St. Helena's ary physician of the Afghan fron- for university or professional life tier. Susie Sorabji had travelled in India or overseas; some to sit extensively in England and Amer- on the gadis of some Hindu or Mosica. She was a very well educated lem State; many to marry and and capable teacher, giving un- send the second generation to regrudgingly honorary service, first vive old memories and uphold the to the Victoria High School, traditions of the school. founded by her mother, and later to St. Helena's, Poona, which is The Saint Helena High School her great gift to the world. St. was one of the great educational institutions in Poona, where there are seven colleges and the same number of high schools. The insti- tution ministers to a large number

of the higher classes-some of by ill-health; was almost blind due them the children of chiefs and to an operation for glaucoma in rajas. With the help of American 1909; she had a weak heart; had and Canadian friends Miss Sorabji four attacks of pneumonia in a purchased the valuable property, year, and in 1927 faced a major opand put up the buildings. The de- eration which few in her state of velopment of this work was in a health ever survive. Her faith was great measure due to the generos- unshakable, and she was a triumity of Miss Helen Gould (now Mrs. phant Christian. Finley J. Shepard) who met Miss Sorabji in America. This is why During her illness the people it is called the Saint Helena High who poured into her gates to say, School. "This and this she did for me," said also, "We have never seen such love Miss Sorabji was a wonderfully fine personality. There was some- and such nobility." "We love her thing queenly about her-a tal- and we want to do something for ented, gracious personality consecrated to the great work of bring- her." Old boys and girls came ing Christ to his Indian throne. from all distances to see her once more. N ow her pupils, past and Miss Sorabji not only shared in present, desire to enlarge the Scithe teaching of the High School, ence Building in her memory, and but she superintended also and con- to help carryon her work and her trolled two vernacular schools, one ideals as far as they may. for Hindu and one for Moslem children, to which schools also she Miss Sarabji was a member of gave appropriate buildings. And the Church of England and to that in addition the Women's Council, church the responsibility for mainthe Y. W. C. A., the Soldier's taining the school has been as- Home, the Women's Prison, the signed. Poor House, the Asylum, Scouts and Guides and Blue Birds, and min- Throughout her life Miss Sorabji istering to children, the Kaiser-i- exerted a decided Christian influ- Hind Chapter of the Canadian Daughters of the Empire, of which ence in her Bible classes, in her she was Regent-every kind of public addresses and in her perwork for women and children had sonal contacts. When Mrs. Naidu her cooperation and sympathy. was detained in the Poona jail, Miss Sorabji visited her several She was utterly unsparing of times, presented her with a Bible, herself. She poured out love on and evidently got near the heart of everyone around her. No one in that great Indian woman leader. trouble ever lacked sympathy when It was a thrilling moment at the she knew of the trouble. In the busiest of weeks, not long before funeral service when Canon she died, she found time to call and sympathize with a Parsee ex-pupil Butcher announced to the great about the death of a beloved dog. gathering of Parsees, Hindus, Mo- Miss Sorabji was handicapped hammedans and Christians that the fine cultured Parsee lady-Miss Sorabji's right hand and fellow worker in the Saint Helena School -had just resolved to give herself to Christ.

fTHODS fOR WO……_a

Edited BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK The editor of this Department de- hands remain clasped on breast while sires to g;ve credit to Mrs. Frank face is lifted heavenward, but at the Rector of 80 Clyde St., Pawtucket, R. words "earthly night," droops again I., for the fine methods contributed by on breast through remainder of the her to the November and December stanza and remains so until the end issues. The devotional aervice in the of the line, "More than thy tongue can November issue is particularly usable. tell." At beginning of line, "To bring ALL FOR CHRIST my wandering sheep," the clasped hands are slowly stretched out to ex- By MAMIE GLASSBURNER OF CHINA treme front and unclasped, and palms (This is a very effective program for turned upward. With a sweeping mo- tion the hands move apart to extreme use either in home or foreign mission right and left, when the palms become fields. It can. be adapted to any church horizontal, and then with an enclosing audience.) On the platform should be erected gesture, cross handa upon the breast, either a large white or a large remaining to end of the stanza.

rustic cross, the crosspiece of which At words "And I have brought to should be at least a foot above the thee" face and eyes are lifted toward head of the tallest participant in the heaven. At "Salvation full and free,"

pageant. The background should be both arms are extended upward in a covered with dark blue hangings or receiving gesture. At "What hast with branches of trees. The "Disci- thou brought to me" hands are again ples" ·should be seated in various parts pressed upon the breast, while eyes of the audience and approach as continue to gaze heavenward.

though in spontaneous response to the At the words "I consecrate my life,"

appeal. the eyes rest upon the crosspiece and As the organist begins to play "I both hands are extended toward the gave my life for thee," Evangelist foot of the cross in a gesture of sur- takes her place on the plat:f'orm near render, which is held through the the cross. After the prelude the choir remainder of the stanza, when Evan- begins to sing. At the words, "I gave gelist clasps her hands upon her my life for thee," she clasps her hands breast, and lifts face and eyes toward on a level with her breast and about heaven and prays: a foot in front of her, lifts her head "Our Lord, how matchless is thy and gazes intently at the middle of grace! You were rich but for our the crosspiece, remaining in this at- sakes you became poor that we, titude until the end of the first stanza. through your poverty, might be made With the line "I labored many years rich. You left the glory of heaven; for thee" the clasped hands rest upon you toiled through weary years; you the breast. The head droops low and suffered scoffing and insult; you were moves slowly from straight front po- nailed to the cross to purchase for us sition to extreme left, then slowly to the gift unspeakable. Yet shall we extreme right, and again to straight take thy gifts and nothing to thee front, and droops on breast through bring? Awaken us! Forgive our cold- remainder of stanza. ness! Show us what we may bring At the words "My Father's house" to thee! Amen."

447

(Hands are dropped to sides and self involves much. The members of face is turned to audience.) one'·s body, one's thoughts, one's powers, and one's purposes are all in- "Fellow Christians, our Lord Jesus cluded and should all be fully yielded Christ came to earth to establish to His perfect will. Lips that are God's Kingdom of Righteousnes·s; to given to Him not only should refrain preach deliverance to the captives; from evil and untrue speaking; they and recovering of sight to the blind; should comfort the sad, encourage the to set at liberty them that are bruised. disheartened, and dissuade them bent on wrongdoing; and they should ever "To carry out this program, our be bearing witness to the goodness Lord depended on no other force than and power of God. Hands and feet the transforming power of sacificial that belong to Him should not only love. He himself loved and sacrificed keep themselves from actual sin; they to the uttermost and then turned over should labor to relieve the need of the accomplishment of his great pur- others; they should help the weak; pose to his followers, and that trust they should run on errands of mercy. has at last been passed on to you and to me. In Christ we have found for- "The disciple who has given himself giveness of sin; in Him we have wholly to Christ will not use his Godgained a peace and joy that the world given mental powers for selfish gain. can neither give nor take away. In His eloquence will be spent in explain- Him we have found true freedom. In ing the truth and exposing error and Him we have' found light upon our superstition; his memory will recall way and the hope of eternal life. But the labors and sufferings and necessihow many of our brothers and sisters ties of others; his imagination wiIl still are strangers to Him and to his find new ways to uplift society and to grace! Is this because of our careless- abolish its inj ustices and inequalities. ness and our selfishness? When on the His thoughts will not dwell on vain cross He cried, "I thirst," it was not ·sensualities but on whatsoever things the physical distress but the symbol are true, whatsoever things are honof His unquenchable yearning for the est, whatsoever things are just, whatsalvation of the world and for the con- soever things are lovely, whatsoever summation of the Kingdom of Right- things are of good report. eousness. "Are you willing to give yourself to "To be saved the world must believe Him?" on Him of whom they have not heard; how shall they hear without a First Disciple: "This is indeed my preacher; and how shall they preach purpose; but only as His Spirit a·ssists unle·ss they be sent? To go, to preach, me can 1 hope to reach the high ideal and to send, requirEs the sacrifice of which you have set before me." (Lays time, of money, and of life. Who then her flag at the foot of the cross and is willing to consecrate his service this kneels while the choir sings, "Take day unto the Lord?" my life and let it be consecrated Lord bo thee" first, second, fourth, and fifth (Choir again sings softly the first stanzas.) stanza of "I gave my life for thee." First Disciple approaches carrying the Evangel.ist: "Disciple arise!" (She red flag of personality.) hands back the flag) "Christ has ac- cepted your gift. He now gives it Evangelist greets her: "Disciple, back to you to use for Him as He shall what gift do you bring to our Lord 1" direct." (Gives her a lighted candle.) "This is the symbol of your consecra- First Disciple answers: "Evangel- tion. From henceforth your acts of ist, as I think of the grace of our kindness, your holy example, your Lord Jesu·s Christ 1 deeply desire to constructive thoughts, and the tes.tigive myself to Him; but I do not mony of your lips will be as a light to clearly apprehend how this is done."

Evangelist: "Consecration of one-

19311 M~THObs t6R W6RKERS

those about you. Guard your light enough to provide the necessities of and let it not grow dim." life, he will not enrich himself from profit 'on their toil. Moreover, as God (Choir sings first stanza and chorus has directed in His Word, He will of, "We'll walk in the Light." During give the tithe of his income to the supsinging second Disciple appear·s.) port of the church and its manifold forms of social service. Disciple, are Evangelist greets her: "Welcome you ready to accept this solemn refriend! Have you something to con- sponsibility?" secrate to the service of Jesus Christ?" Second Disr:iple: "I am ready. May God help me to be a faithful steward Second Disciple: "Once I craved the of that which He has given to me." wealth of the world. All my strength (Lays his golden treasure box at the and thought have gone to the acquisi- foot of the cross and kneels while the tion of silver and gold and the things choir sing·s, "Take my silver and my that silver and gold could purchase, gold: Not a mite would I withhold." houses, land, food, and clothes. Now, E1Jangelist lays his hand on the dissaved by His great love, I gladly bring ciple's shoulder, Disciple. arises. my wealth to Him. One thing however troubles me; the Lord whom we Evangelist hands him the golden worship is an unseen spirit. How can box and says: "Christ accepts the of- He use my wealth? How can I give it fering you have brought. He now to Him?" returns it to you, trusting you to re- member that it is no longer yours but Evangelist: "At the last great day, His. As you use it for Him it will the King of kings shall say to His bring joy toO the sad and hope to the faithful servants, 'Come, ye blessed of disheartened. It will enable those now my Father, inherit the kingdom pre- crushed in poverty to live a more pared for you from the foundation of abundant life, and it will bring the Gospel of Christ to those who have the world: for l was an hungered, and never heard it. So I give toO you this candle as the badge of your stewardye gave me meat: I was thirsty, and ship. Now it is required of stewards ye gave me drink: I was a stranger, that a man be found faithful, so keep and ye took me in: naked, and ye your light burning." clothed me: I Was sick and ye visited me: I was in prison, and ye came (Second Disciple takes her place by unto me. the cross while the choir sings the second stanza and chorus of "We'll "'Then shall the righteous answer walk in the light." Third Disciple aphim, saying, Lord, when saw we thee proaches, carrying a small clock or a an hungered and fed thee? or thirsty large dial clearly marked, so as toO be and gave thee drink? … or naked and seen by the entire aUdience.) clothed thee? or when saw we thee sick or in prison, and came unto thee?' Evangelist: "Friend, what offering dD you bring to the cause .of Christ?" "'And the King shall answer and say unto them, "Verily I say unto you, Third Disciple: "I am naturally in- Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one dolent and fond of pleasure. I have of the least of these my brethren, ye wasted many hours, and days, and have done it unto me.'" years. Today I woOuld bring my time toO Christ. Will you tell me how I may "Disciple, do you not know that all offer it to Him?" of the poor of the earth, the helpless widows, the fatherless children, are Evangelist: "Friend, our Lord is the brothers and sisters of our Lord. indeed pleased with this offering of Therefore to give one's wealth to Him yours. His righteous kingdom has is to administer it for others. While been hindered in its progress nDt only others are hungry the true disciple by lack of men and money, but also cannot eat and drink extravagantly. because there are so many kinds of While others have no place of shelter, he cannot live in luxury. While the wages of the laboring man are not 4

kingdom services that no one has time other six days to glorify Christ and to perform. How many mothers work advance His Kingdom. all day al!d far into the night, they have no time to read their Bibles no "Disciple, do you renounce leisure opportunity to go to church, no time and vain pleasure to use your time for recreation, because the young peo- a-s your Lord shall direct?" ple 'of the family thoughtlessly spend their time for pleasure instead of us- Disciple: "I renounce them: my ing it to help lighten the burdens of God strengthen my purpose." (Lays others, which is one of the simplest the clock at the foot of the cross and ways of giving it to Christ. kneels.) "How many illiterate people there Choir sings: are! They have no money to enter school; and they cannot leave their "Take my moments and my days families or their daily tasks. If some- Let them flow in ceaseless praise one would give of his leisure to teach B~es.sing others as I go, them an hour each evening after the LIftmg loads, returning woe." day's work is done, they would in time become able to read and to write and Evangelist draws near and speaks: tQ gather truth for themselves from the Word of God which is now sealed "Disciple ari-se! Your prayer of conto them. A good way to give your time to Christ is to teach those who secration has been heard. Your time are untaught. is hencefonth His; but He trusts you "Think how many sick there are with no one to bring them a refresh- to use it for Him." (Hands her the ing draught when they are thirsty; no one to bathe them when they are in clock) "Used for Him it will bring fever; no .one to wash and change their clothes and bedding. To use cheer to the disconsolate, relief to the one's time to comfort and care for those who are suffering in weakness overburdened, and light to those who and pain is another way to give it to Christ. now sit in darkness. Therefore, I give "Again, the true disciple should you this lighted candle as the fitting strive for a constantly enriching personality. His learning and his knowl- emblem of your trust. His light will edge of the truth should be ever on the increase: so another method of shine upon your way, and as you consecrating one's time to the Master is to set apart a portion of it for the faithfully walk in its radiance it will study of the Bible and the reading of other helpful books. grow brighter and brighter unto the "The first step in the consecration perfect day." (Hands her the candle of time is the keeping of the Sabbath as Chri-st kept it; refraining from and choir sings "We'll walk in the one's ordinary tasks; meeting with other disciples for praise, prayer, and Ii g h t." The Fourth Disciple apinstruction in the things of the Spirit; and engaging in special acts proaches wearing a carpenter's apron 'of mercy and religious service. He, who thus sanctifies one day in seven, in the pocket of which is a plane and will not easily forget that all of his time is holy, and he will not fail to square. Evangelist greets her.) find guidance as to how to use the Fourth Disciple: "EvangeJi.s.t, I too, love the Lord and realize something of the depths of His grace. I, too, long for the coming of His Kingdom and of righteousness; but what have I to offer Him 1 I have no time no money, no learning." '

Evangelist: "Friend, what have you in your pocket?"

(Disciple draws out plane and square.) "These are my carpenter's plane and square,"

Evangelist: "Why do you not give them to Christ 1"

Disciple: "Do I dare offer such coarse and common things to Him?"

Evangelist: "The plane and square are the emblems of your toil. Do you not know that toil is honorable in the sight of God? Our Lord Jesus grew

METHODS FOR WORKERS

up in the family of a laborer. He nance will illumine your heart and Himself was a carpenter but His work life. Take then this light as the was good and true. symbol of your consecrated labor; keep it burning until you hear His "In establishing His KingdQm of final 'well done, gO<Jd and faithful Love, our Lord needs, not only the servant.' " (Disciple takes the plane personality, the wealth, and the time and square and the lighted candle.) of His followers, but also their fine, true labor. To give our labor to Him Choir sings: "We'!I walk in the not only means that we will not slight light." (lilr work nor seek for undue profit from it, it also means that we will Fifth Disciple advances bringing do it with His joy and with His heart with him his elderly mother, his of love. The house built by the Chris- grown-up son, his daughter-in-law, tian carpenter sh()uld be m<Jre endur- and his younger daughter. The daughmg than <Jthers, that men may dwell ter-in-Iaw should lead by the hand a in comfort. The field worked by the small granddaughter four or five years Christian farmer should yield more of age. than others, that the world's hunger may be fed. The home of the Chris- Evangelist greets Disciple and says: tian housekeeper should be cleaner "Disciple, who are these with you? Have you anything to consecrate to lie than others, that the health of the the ~ervice of the Lord?"

village may promoted. The burden Disciple: "This is my family" carried by the Christian loadman and (pointing to each) "my mother, my the boats rowed by the Christian boat- son, my daughter-in-law, my little men should reach their destination daughter, my grandchild. My family sooner than others, that the commu- is the m<Jst precious thing that I have. nications of the country may be mQre I would bring it to Christ." effective. Moreover, the Christian workman should be constantly finding Evangelist: "Disciple, your purpose new and better methods of work that gives me great joy. If all the folcivilization may be advanced. lowers of Christ had but brought their families to Him, His Kingdom would "Disciple will you consecrate your have come long ago. Since you have labor to the service <Jf Christ?" this thought in your heart, it is im- portant that you should understand Disciple: "I will," (Lays his im- the real character of the Christian plements at foot Qf cross and kneels home." in prayer.) Disciple: "Say on, Sir." Choir sings: Evangelist: "Marriage, which is "Take my work as done for Thee the foundation of the family, should May each task completed be, be, in the Christian home, a holy fel- Faithful, earnest, wrought in love. lowship. This young couple" (indicat- That Thy sway may onward move." ing) "should love, chefi.sh, and trust each other, through joy and sorrow, Evangelist: "Disciple arise and through life and death. The spiritual hear the word of the Lord! 'Whatso- life of the home should be carefully ever thy hand findeth to do, do it with nurtured; and each day the entire thy might, not slothful in business; family should gather for united fervent in spirit; serving the Lord.' prayer and study of God's Word. The Lord has accepted and sanctified This is indeed, the prerequisite of your plane and square. All the work true piety and virtue. All the memthat you do with them is to be His bers of the Christian family should work. It will make your fellow men be able to read. Is this true of happy; it will cause those who do not yours?" yet recognize Christ as Lord, to glorify Him on your account; and Disciple: "My son reads but my as you work the light of His counte- daughter-in-law does not."

Evan.rrelist: "Your mother?" represents labor, often inadequately Disciple: "She had no opportunity compensated, on the part of others, to study when she was young." and to be extravagant or wasteful of Evangelist: "Your little daughter?" food and clothing is a wrong against Disciple: "She has not yet begun to society as a whole. study." Evangelist: "Each evening, after "Moreover, the Christian family is the work is done you should all' as- not content to dwell in peace and love semble for an hour or two of study. itself. Its thought goes out to the Begin with this" (draws a book of weak and unfortunate, and out of its "Probationer's lessons" from his own thrift each member gives regupocket) "It is called the 'Learner's larly and systematically to missionary Handbook' and is just the thing for and philanthropic enterprises. beginners." (Disciple receives it with thanks.) "Disciple, the standard for a Chris- "The Christian home, should be tian home is high. It is not easily sanitary, clothing, food, floors, and reached, but those who determine to furniture should be clean; and every attain the goal not only gain a new room should be open to the fresh air joy and richness of life for themand sunlight. selves and their dear ones; they also "In the Christian home, the father mightily advance the Kingdom of and mother 'should be gentle and lov- God on earth. Are you fully pering and the children should be filial suaded?" and obedient. All should have times of play together, that no barriers of Disciple: "My decisi~n is made. misunderstanding may grow up be- May God assist my weakness and may tween parents and children. They His Spirit touch the heart of each of should go together to church and to these, my loved ones." (Turning to Sunday school to gain instruction in them.) "Will you come with me?" the truth and also to gain the benefit (Kneels while choir sings "The Home of fellowship with other Christians in Transfnrmed by Christ." As these prayer and praise. stanzas are sung, the daughter kneels "Have you any hired help in your on one side of the disciple, the son on the other side. Later the mother and home?" little granddaughter kneel at the side Disciple: "We have a young wom- of the son. Last of all the daughter- in-law speaks to the work woman, and an who helps my daughter-in-law with together they kneel beside the daugh- ter. At the words, "Filled with joy the housework." like that above," all stand and sing EvangeUst.· "Why did you not bring the chorus. At the close of the chorus EvangeUst gives a lighted candle to her with you?" Disciple.) Disciple: "I did not realize that she Evangelist: "The Christian Home should be included." is a lighthouse in the darkness of the Evangelist: "Of course she is in- present social order. Take this as a parable of your high calling in Christ cluded: In Christ there are no class Jesus and may each member of your distinctions; all should be treated as family circle be a light bearer to brothers and sisters. Her work neighbors and friends." (Gives Disshould not be too heavy and her hours ciple a candle for each member of the not too long." family. After Disciple has given each one his candle, each one lights Daughter-in-law: "I will call her." his from Disciple's candle, after which (Goes out and returns with work all sing with the choir, "We'll walk in woman. Evangelist greets her and the light.") The Sixth Disciple adcontinues.) vances carrying the banner of the Chinese Republic. "The Christian home should be thrifty. All should be taught to remember that each grain of rice, and each thread of cotton, wool, or silk,

Evangelist: "Welc'Ome, my y'Oung (Gives the flag back to Disciple and friend! What gift d'O you bring t'O continues.) our Christ?" "YDur l'Ove of country is a gift frDm Disciple: "My heart's desire and G'Od Himself. May its sacrificial prayer t'O G'Od f'Or my c'Ountrymen is flame, like the light 'Of this candle, that they might be saved. On every m'Ount higher and higher. Let it never side I see my own people in peril and grow dim." (Gives her the light.) distress. In what pr'Ovince is the Choir sings: "We'll Walk in the sound of battle not heard? In what Light." (Seventh Disciple comes f'Or- country is there not strife and oppres- ward with a large key in her hand.

siGn? In what city do~s not the terr'Or Evangelist welcDmes her: "Disciple, 'Of plague stalk rampant? In which what 'Offering dD Y'OU bring tD y'Our village are the larger part 'Of the Saviour?"

populace n'Ot illiterate and supersti- Disciple: "When I began tD f'OlI'Ow tious? A£ I have bro'Oded 'Over these Christ, He gave me this key with the things I have c'Ome t'O the realizati'On c'Ommand t'O use it 'Often and the that apart fr'Om Christ's law 'Of love, promise that as I did so I w'Ould find there is n'O hope for China. I w'Ould grace t'O help in time 'Of need, p'Ower bring my CDuntry to Christ, but I f'Or service, and blessing for 'Others: kn'Ow n'Ot h'Ow it is done. Can y'OU but as I was busy ab'Out many things help me?" I f'OrgDt the c'Ommand and the prom- Evangelist: "My friend, y'Our dream ise, and neglected the key till, as YDU is a noble 'One. China is the largest see, it has bec'Ome old and rusty and and m'Ost p'Opul'Ous c'Ountry in the difficult to use: yet, since He gave it w'Orld. China for Christ means the t'O me, it must be of value and I bring world for Christ. When the Kingdom it t'O find how I may c'Onsecrate it t'O 'Of G'Od is established in China it will His service." surely be quickly established in all the earth. But to save 'One's countrymen Evangelist takes the key, examines is n'Ot an easy task. He who cherishes it and says: "Ah! this is the key 'Of this ambition must ren'Ounce vain prayer. The p'Ower 'Of prayer is the pleasure and luxury. He must sacri- m'Ost mysteri'Ous and precious gift fice time and money and the comf'Orts granted to the Christians. Prayer is of h'Ome t'O proclaim Christ'£ way 'Of talking with G'Od. Prayer heals the life. He must be prepared to endure sick and casts out dem'Ons. Prayer scorn and persecution. Paul, t'O save brings the fullness of the Spirit. In his c'Ountrymen, suffered impris'On- 'Ourselves we have nD strength t'O help ment and death. Christ's passi'On for 'Our faculty and friends. We have n'O the salvati'On of his own nation led p'Ower t'O reform society 'Or save 'Our him to Calvary and the shameful c'Ountry. G'Od'·s grace and power are cr'Oss. If y'OU can walk in His £teps, limitless. He waits t'O give them t'O regardless 'Of pain and toil, He wi1l all who need: but that n'One may use use you t'O brlng China t'O Himself: them wr'Ongfully 'Or lightly, he has laid but remember that no man having put d'Own the simple restricti'On that they his hand to the pi'Ow and lo'Oking back are given only t'O thDse wh'O pray in is fit f'Or the Kingd'Om of G'Od." Jesus' name and f'Or His sake.

Disciple: "I have already put my "In all'Owing y'Our key 'Of prayer t'O hand to the plow, I d'O not intend t'O rest in idleness, y'Ou have l'Ost many turn back. My heart's desire and priceless blessings for y'Ourself and prayer is China for Christ." (He for 'Others. In establishing His Kingkneels and lays his flag at the f'O'Ot 'Of d'Om 'On earth, 'Our L'Ord must use the the crDss.) pers'Onality, the wealth, the time, and the lab'Or 'Of His f'OIlDwers. He needs Choir sings: "China f'Or Christ." their families and their l'Ove 'Of c'Oun- try. But if he has all 'Of these with- Evangelist: "D i sci pie arise!" 'Out their persistent, believing prayer,

He is ·still hindered and restricted in is still on the platform the pastor the carrying out of His great prog- should make a plea for consecration, ress. If you really plan to further and an opportunity should be given the interests of His Kingdom by your for those who are already Christians intercession, you must say farewell to manifest their purpose, and f'Or to worldliness and selfish desires, and nonChristians to decide f'Or Christ.

seek constantly to enter into His thought and plans. Begin by setting HYMNS USED apart an early morning hour for "Fr'Om Ocean Unto Ocean" and "0 prayer. Each day your key will be- Happy Home" will be found in come brighter and the door to His "Hymns for the Living Age." The storeroom of grace will open more two hymns "I Gave My Life for Thee" easily until you reach the goal of and "Take My Life" are familiar to all program builders. constant communion with Him so that no matter when or where, you can ask and receive whatever you and ALL FOR JESUS others need for the progress of His Kingdom." (Hands back the k€y,) All for Jesus, all for Jesus, all my be- "He waits and longs for intercessor·s. ing's ransomed power Will you be one?" All my thoughts and words and doings, Disciple: "I will. May he forgive all my dars and all my hours my indifference." (Disciple lays key at foot of cross and kneels while choir All for Jesus, al for Jesus, all for Jesus, sings "What various hindrances we all for Jesus meet.") All my being's ransomed p'Ower, all my Evangelist: "Disciple arise, Take days and all my hours.

up the key that He gave to you and Let my hands perform His bidding, let use it faithfully till His blessed King- my feet run in His ways dom come. Prayer is not only a key; Let my eyes see Jesus only. Let my lips it is an altar flame and a cloud of in- speak forth His praise cense rising heavenward. This candle All for Jesus, all for Jesus, all f'Or Jesus, all for Jesus Let my feet run in His ways, Let my lips speak forth His praise.

is the seal of your stewardship of JESUS THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD intercession, guard it with zealous (Sing one stanza after each Disciple care." (Gives her the candle.) lights his candle.) Choir with disciples sing: "We'll walk in the light" after which Evan- Hark the herald angels sing, Jesus the gelist lifts face heavenward and prays: Light of the wDrld.

"Our Lord, Thy sacrificial love has Gl'Ory t'O the new-born King, Jesus the moved us to bring to Thee our all. Light 'Of the w'Orld.

We believe thou hast accepted the We'll walk in the light, beautiful light gift and made us stewards of thy manifold grace. Help us to be faith- Come where the dewdrops of mercy are ful, that, through the constant en- bright Shine all around us by day and by night Jesus the Light of the world.

richment of personality, through the J 'Oyful all ye nations rise, Jesus the Light unselfish administration of wealth and of the w'Orld time, through joyful and creative labor through unceasing intercession, Join the triumphs of the skies, Jesus the Light 'Of the world.

thY' Name may be glorified and thy Christ by highest heaven adored. Jesus righteous Kingdom may fully come. the Light 'Of the w'Orld Amen." Christ the everlasting Lord, .Jesus the (As E van gel i s t concludEs the Light of the world.

prayer, all turn slightly toward the Hail the heaven-born Prince 'Of Peace, cross and join the choir in singing. Jesus the Light of the w'Orld. "All for Jesus, all for Jesus.") Hail the Sun 'Of Righteousness, Jesus the At the close of this, while the group Light 'Of the world.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York Council 01 Women lor Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions 01 North America PROMOTING WORLD PEAQE program meetings. This list is 5 cents. One of the methods for interesting A TRIP TO ALASKA people in World Peace is the small Books are keys to wisdom's treasure; stamp picturing a white dove hover- Books are gates to lands of pleasure; Books are paths that upward lead; ing in a blue sky over the earth, to be Books are friends. Come, let us read.

used on personal and official corre- If you cannot go in physical person to "The Great Country," let your mind spondence in the same way as the Red and spirit be refreshed and invigor- ated by reading the three breezy, Cross seals and World Day of Prayer graphic books by Mary Lee Davis that most delightfully take you there and seals. These W.arld Peace stamps are let you see the land and the people, and feel the general atmosphere. They 1 cent each and may be are full of interesting information charmingly presented and authenti- Ig procured from any wom- cally accurate. They ,should be read . en's denominatio'nal board in the following order; . or from the Council of . Women for Home Mis- "Uncle Sam's Attic."t About the land. : ~C 416 pages; 53 illustrations; $3.50. sions in sheets of 25 or "Alaska, the Great Bear's Cub."t 100. They have been About the wild life; 314 pages; 27 illus- gotten out by the Coun- trations; $2.00.

cil and that organization "We Are Alaskans."! About the peo- ple. Ready in July. will place the proceeds in the Eva The announcement t r u I y says; Clark Waid Memorial Fund for World "Here is an all Alaskan tour, person- ally conducted by an Alaskan 'Sour- Peace. dough' !

Besides the book, "The Turn To- "Alaska is not a fish pond but a colony -of Americans shaping with ward Peace," by Mr,s. Boeckel, spoken their bare hands a new empire over- seas for Uncle Sam. Alaska is not an about elsewhere in this BULLETIN, ice-land but a green-land-and not a land of cold and gold so much as a the r e is the printed program,* land of wheat and heat! This is the new dramatic picture drawn by Mary "Blessed Are the Peacemakers," pre- Lee Davis in telling of her own eight intimate years aloft in Uncle Sam's pared by the Federation and Council, Attic. Drawn to the High North by a love of great adventure, she has here in distribution of which the National drawn the High North as a land of great beauty-watomly, in pers-on, and Council of Federated Church Women with deep affection and understand- ing." also shares. This program takes an hour and a half and is suitable for a women's society, young people's group, or any denominational or interdenomi- national group interested in interna- tional relations. It is priced at 2 cents, $1.75 per 100 and is procurable from any women's denominational headquarters.

There is also the mimeographed, carefully selected bibliography and list of study coursest including short discussion courses (some in the form of questions and answers) suitable for •Appeared in Reptember. 1930, issue. t By ~lary L{)e Dayis. PulJlishNl h;y ,,~. A. tAppeared In February, 1931, Issue. Wilde Co., Boston.

455

MISSIONARY EDUCATION course offers suggestions for use of the report of the North American Home Missions Home Missions Congress, and a lim- ited number of other sources that will The home mi·ssion study program be valuable for reference in a study for 1931-32 includes two most inter- of the whole home mission enterprise. esting themes: "The Call to the Themes for devotional periods and Churches from the North American guides for discussion are included. Home Missions Congress" for adults and older young people; "Christianity God and the. Census,' by Robert N. and Rural Life in America" for In- McLean of the Board of National Mistermediates and children. sions, Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.; author of That Mexican, Jump- In preparation for the North Ameri- ing Beans, etc. In this interesting can Home Missions Congress which book Dr. McLean tells how the home met at Washington in December, 1930, missionaries for more than a century commissions were appointed which un- have been working at great cost in an dertook thoroughgoing studies of effort to make sure that God was beevery phase of home missions. The ing counted in the life of every dediscussions and findings of the con- veloping community on our advancing gress based on these studies have frontiers. The book is rich in stories brought before the churches a new of daring men and women who have outlook and a new challenge in regard been pioneers of the Gospel in every to the Christian task in America. part of America and in new and dif- ficult areas of our national life today. It has been the purpose of the au- In concrete terms Dr. McLean has thors treating this subject to bring shown what the home mission enterout some of the practical, outstanding prise has come to be and the many i·ssues which the congress faced in a phases of its task as revealed by the frank study of conditions in our coun- Washington Congress. try. Leader's Manual to Accompany God The home mission publications are and the Census: by Sue Weddell, Exprepared and published jointly by the ecutive Secretary, Young Women's Council of Women for Home Missions Department, Reformed Church in and the Missionary Education Move- America. This pamphlet presents ment. practical and interesting plans for ac- tivities in study, discussion, and serv- ADULTS AND YOUNG PEOPLE ice which will combine to make a well- rounded course on home missions. The Challenge of Change: What Is Happening in Home Missions,' by John MIGRANTS; PEACE Milton Moore, from 1926 to 1931 General Secretary of the Federal Council Roving with the Migrants: by Adela of the Churches of Christ in America; J. Ballard, Western Supervisor of Miauthor of Things that Matter Most. grant Work, Council of Women for Dr. Moore, who has had long experi- Home Missions. A short reading book ence in the pastorate, in home mis·sion which pictures the migrating procesadministration and in the cooperative sion roaming over the states, harvestagencies of the churches, has given in ing the crops and working in other this book a fresh and comprehensive seasonal labor fields. The presence of interpretation of the home mission these people is in many places the enterprise as it was reappraised and major home mission responsibility. restated at Washington. The Turn Toward Peace; by Flor- Leader's Manual to Accompany the ence Brewer Boeckel, Educational Sec- Challenge of Change,' by Arthur V. retary, National Council for the Pre- Casselman, Secretary for Missionary vention of War, author of Between Education, Reformed Church in the War and Peace, etc. A book for read- United States. While based primarily upon the book by Dr. Moore, this

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

ing or for study by groups wishing test in their lives." The rural life of another topic in addition to the themes the world represents one of the of the year. A short and interesting greatest unoccupied opportunities for statement of the problems of world Christian missions. It presents a tre- peace by one of America's leading au- mendously challenging and vitally in- thorities. Written especially for use teresting study for Christian people by church groups and has been en- everywhere. "Not since Jesus Christ thusiastically received. There is a taught his first disciples to pray 'Thy Leader's Manual.' Kingdom come, thy will be done,' has Foreign Missions there been such an hour to voice and to help give answer to the prayer for The themes are "Christianity and a holy earth."

the Rural Life of the World" and Central Committee on the United "Korea." Study of Foreign Missions and the "The one inclusive purpose of the Missionary Education Movement have missionary enterprise is to present together worked out the program on Jesus Christ to men and women the the rural theme, each group being world over as their Redeemer and to responsible for the publication of spe- win them for entrance into the joy cific books. A complete program cov- of His discipleship …… We desire to ering all age groups is therefore bring home emphatically the neces- presented.

sity of a comprehensive program for ADULTS AND YOUNG PEOPLE those larger sections of the population …… who labor for mankind in field Christ Comes to the Village: edited and factory and who are without many by Mary SchaufHer Platt, author of of the conditions necessary for that The Child in the Midst and A Straight abundant life which our God and Fa- Way Toward Tomorrow. A study of ther desires for all His children."* the rural life of women and children This pronouncement of the Jeru-sa- in non-Christian lands. The different lem Conference has led to the careful chapters have been written by such consideration of the rural problems well-known author-s as Eleanor T. Calof the world by the Christian forces verley, M.D. (Arabia), Mabel Ruth and to the selection of this theme for Nowlin (China), Alice B. Van Doren the foreign mission study this year. (India), E. Stanley Jones, D.D. (In- Secular books, magazines, papers are dia). A fascinating study of the way full of consideration of rural prob- Christ is touching the life of village lems from every angle. Rural surveys women and bringing to them "full- are being made. Programs are being ness of life." Written especially for worked out for rural education, for women and young women for study, better health, for improved methods, for programs, for reading.t etc. The whole world is interested in The Rural Billion; by Charles M.

these village folk, a billion strong, McConnell, Professor of Town and who feed and clothe the whole world. Country Church, Boston University The church of Jesus Christ is vitally School of Theology and Newton The- interested in bringing His message of ological Institution. Of the world's fullness of life to the women as they total population of nearly two billion, gather at the village well, to the men more than one half are living on farms as they plow the fields, to the children and in villages. What are the condi- as they help to reap the harvests. tions of rural life today throughout Christ spent most of His earthly life the world and what are the churches in the villages, in the fields; "His re- and their missions doing to extend ligion you can take right among the and enrich Christian service among people of the earth and put it to the the rural peoples? Mr. McConnell has * Vul. VI. Missions and Rural Problems. t Published by Central Committee.

had long experience as a rural min- eral theme of Christian missions ister and teacher of rural church prob- among rural peoples. lems, and for a year he has served in Japan, Korea and China as advisor KOREA regarding the Christian mission program among rural peoples of the Ori- Korea is predominantly an agriculent. He has written a unique, stimu- tural country, her population is 80% lating book which brings together the rural. Therefore the study of Korea stories of men and women the world becomes a logical part of the rural over who are preaching and teaching program. Few books have been writthe Gospel as they help to remake ten of the thrilling development of rural life. Christianity in Korea; this new book is received with deep interest. Leade,r's Manual for Adult Groups Studying Christianity and the Rural Korea: Land of the Dawn,' by Life of the World,' by Ralph S. Adams, James D. Van Buskirk, M.D., Vicemember of the staff, Interseminary President, Severence Union Medical Commission for Training for the College, Seoul. A new and long-needed Rural Ministry in New England. Pri- book on a country which illustrates marily based on The Rural BiUion. better than any other country in the Mr. Adams has had long experience in world, perhaps, how Christianity is dealing with the problems of rural approaching a people living under pre- Christianity' and in teaching the sub- dominantly rural conditions. Dr. Van ject in the churches. His course sug- Buskirk has had many years of exgests practical methods and cites perience not only as a physician but helpful source material. as an outstanding leader in the Chris- tian movement. His book presents Agricultural Missions: by Benjamin vividly the backgrounds of contem- H. Hunnicutt, School of Agriculture, porary Korean life and interprets the Lavras, Brazil. A reading book by a Christian task among the Korean peopioneer in the field of agricultural ple to the North American churches. mISSIOns. The first comprehensive treatment of this comparatively recent For Children a.nd Youth phase of Christian missions. As a founder of the International Associa- The theme is "Christianity and tion of Agricultural Missions Mr. Rural Life Around the World." Ow- Hunnicutt has had a wide acquaintance ing to the very close interrelation beamong leaders of the movement in tween the home and foreign materials many countries and commands, as do for children and youth these publicafew men in the world, a knowledge of tions are here grouped in one section. conditions among rural peoples and The home mission books deal with the what Christian agencies have been do- work of Christian missions in rural ing to show the farmer a better way America; the foreign books with simof life and of work. ilar work in the Orient, Africa and Latin America.

A Young People's Course on Chris- INTERMEDIATE tianity and the Rural Life. of the World,' by Roy E. Burt, Secretary for Treasures in the Earth,' by Fred Epworth League and Young People's Hamlin, journalist and traveler. In- Work, Department of Missionary Edu- teresting stories about Christian leadcation, Methodist Episcopal Church. ers, both missionaries and nationals, Based primarily upon The Rural Bil- who have helped the rural peoples of lion, this course suggests methods, the Orient, Africa and Latin America discussion topics, reference materials, in improving conditions of their lands activities, and accompanying devo- and villages and who at the same time tional programs for young people's have brought them the Christian Gosclasses and societies studying the gen- pel.

The Church and the World's Farm- prises, comprise a very important part ers,' by Mary Jenness, author of Out of this course. of YesterdQ,y Into Tomorrow, Meet Your United States, etc. For leaders Out in the Country; by Hazel V. of intermediate groups studying Orton, Secretary of Elementary Work, Christianity and the rural life of the Missionary Education Movement. A world. Suggestions for six sessions, Friendship Press text on rural life in including topics and questions for dis- America. Stories dealing with some cussion, activities, devotional pro- of the problems of farm children. grams, and background material for Possible teaching procedures containthe leader. ing background material,' suggested activities and enterprises, will be help- The Adventures of Mr. Friend; by ful to the leader. The material and Harold B. Hunting, author of Pioneers activities forming the basis for this of Goodwin, Stories of Brotherhood, course were used with a group of The Story of Our Bible, etc. Short, country children who met in a farmengaging stories all based on the work house every day for a week in the of real persons who through the middle of winter. church and its allied agencies have brought happiness and larger oppor- PRIMARY tunities into the lives of country boys and girls an.d their families through- The World on a Farm: by Gertrude out America. Chandler Warner, author of The World in a Barn, Windows Into Alas- A Short Course for Leaders of In- ka, etc. A runaway pig and a swimte'fmediate Gmups studying Christi- ming race, together with delightful anity and rural life in America is be- experiences in world friendship, coming planned, detailed announcement plete the adventures of the Friendly to be made later. Farmers at Pleasant Valley Farm. A charming story book. Illustrations JUNIOR children will love. Attractively bound. Contains part of the stories used in Open Windows,' by Mary Entwistle, The Friendly Farmers and several adauthor of Children of the Chief, etc. ditional stories. Delightful stories by the well-loved English writer. Through Open Win- The Friendly Farmers; by Gertrude dows which look out into the world we Chandler Warner, teacher and author, see boys and girls in India, China, and Elizabeth Harris, Associate Pro- Equatorial Africa, Egypt, Afghan- fessor of Elementary Religious Eduistan, Japan and Borneo. Stories of cation, Boston University; formerly their lives and adventures are told so Secretary of Elementary Work, Misvividly that it is not hard to feel that sionary Education Movement. we really see them through Open Stories tell of Janet, Polly, and Ted Windows. * at Pleasant Valley Farm as they be- came friends with some other farmers Wheat Magic; by Marguerite Har- of the world. Possible teaching promon Bro, formerly a missionary in cedures containing background ma- China, Ruth E. Murphy, Director of terial and suggested activities make Religious Education, First Presbyte- this course book invaluable for the rian Church, Englewood, N. J., Adah leader. For use by both horne and Kieffer, specialist in Missionary Edu- foreign groups. cation, and associates. A Friendship Press text on rural life in other lands. BEGINNERS Contains stories of farm life in various countries. Practical suggestions Babo:' A South Seas Boy, by May to leaders, such as background ma- Pateman. The most recent addition terial, suggested activities and enter- to the very popular "Nursery Series." The other titles are Ah Fu: a Chinese … llultlished by Central CUlllmittee.

River Boy; Kembo: a Little Girl of Teaching Pictures, the first of a new Africa; The Three Came.ls: a Story series of pictures selected to accomof India; Esa: a Little Boy of Naza- pany the course books. A.set of eight reth; Mitsu: a Little Girl of Japan.' pic,tures averaging nine by twelve inches. MAPS AND PICTURES Friendship Paper DoUs.' Like real Picture Map of the World.' An- children of Korea, China, Japan and other of the Picture Map series. In India. Four dolls, eight inches high, outline form to be completed by the in three colors, with a change of coschildren. tume for each.

Farmers in Many Lands.' A picture 1 Cloth $1.00; paper 60 cents. ~ Cloth 75 cents; paper 50 cents. sheet folder containing twelve pages • Cloth $1.00; paper 75 cents. of pictures on farm life around the • Cloth $1.00. world. Invaluable for use with the li Paper 50 cents. course books. 6 Paper 35 cents, 7 Boards 50 cents each. Rural Life Amund the World.' s Paper 25 cents. I Paper 20 cents.

RELIGIOUS MEMBERSHIP OF THE WORLD Prom 'l'he 'World Almmwo, 1031 North I South I I!I Total America America I Europe I Asia. Africa: oceania, – – – I —(J-h,-r-is-t-ia-n-s– I- – – – – 1—–;—- —- Roman Catholics …….. 40,000,00061,000,0001220,000,0001 7,000,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 331,500,000 Orthodox O'atholic8 .. _.. 1,000,000 . ," ……. ! 120,000,000 20,000,000 3,000,000, ………. : 144:,000,000 Protestants ………….. _~, 000,000 900,0001_1_15_,_000_,0_00 _ _347_,'_000_000_,' 000000- 83 "0000000,'000001,' 76,,000 ,'000000 200, 9OIJ, 000 Total Christians …. 116,000,000 61,900,0001455,000,000 500 682,400,000 Non-Ohristians , !

Jews ……………. …… 4,000,0001 l00,OOO! 10,000,000: 1,000,000 500,000 80,000 15,630,000 Mohammedans …. _….. 20,000 ………. : 5,000,000 160,000,000 44,000,000 .. _…. __ 200,000,000 &ygg~!st~.. :::::::::.:. :::: i~::l&:I1::::::::: :[1::::::::::::11 ……… ~~g'~':l" 352~:'OOOOOO:,000000 ·1 ………. 1 150,180,000 2W,I50, 000 SChoinnftuocisiatsnis.t.s.,..'r.o..o.i.s.t.o.."……..6.0.0.'0..0.0 …………."……………"……….. " '.':.:.:.:. '.':.:••: '.':. :.1:..: .:.::.:.:.:..: :.1 350,000,000 20,000,000 Animists ……………. 50,000 ………. ………… 45,000,000 1)0,500,000 IGQ,()()o.1 1:35,650,000 Miscellaneous ….. ……. 25,000,000 2,000,000 5,000,000 18,000,000 ………… 1 870,0001 50,870,000 ——- —-1— Total Non Christian. _ 30,000,0001~()(),OOOI 20,000,000' 979,000,000 135,OOO,000:-.!:~~,OOO, 1,167,100,000 Grand Total ……… 146,000,000164,000,0001 475,000,000 1,013,000,000 143,000,000 8,000,00011,849,500,000 1 1 PRAYER FOR SPIRITUAL UNION Arouse in the whole body of the people an adventurous willingness, as they War has failed to end war; diplomacy sacrificed greatly for war, so, also, for has failed to end war; only ties of the international goodwill, to dare bravely, spirit infallibly unite; therefore we think wisely, decide resolutely and to pray for the divine alliance of nations, achieve triumphantly. Amen. for the spiritual union of mankind. -Harry Emerson Fosdick. Eternal God, Father of all souls, grant unto us such clear vision of the sin of TWELVE THINGS TO REMEMBER war, that we may earnestly seek that cooperation between nations which alone 1. The value of time. can make war impossible. As man by his 2. The pleasure of working. inventions has made the whole world into 3. The dignity of simplicity. one neighborhood, grant that he may, by 4. The success of perseverance. his cooperations, make the whole world 5. The worth of character. into one brotherhood. Help us to break 6. The power of kindness. down all race prejudice, stay the greed 7. The influence of example. of those who profit by war, and the am- 8, The obligation of duty. bitions of those who seek an imperialistic 9. The wisdom of economy. conquest, drenched in blood. Guide all 10. The virtue of patience. statesmen to seek a just basis for inter- 11. The improvement of talent. national action in the interests of Peace. 12. The joy of originating.

-Mar8hall Field.

DItto-WIDE

AFRICA The noi,se and the clattering, the clink- ing and the howling, suddenly ceased. Ethiopia Sends a Bible to America "Immediately I stepped out and ABible, covered with gold and silver, asked for one of the clattering gourds. and an elaborately fashioned cross, both of native craftsmanship, "Then picking up another one I have been sent by the emperor of handed them to my boy with an ex- Ethiopia to the Washington Cathedral. clamation of surprise that they should The Abyssinian ruler, who claims de- put them to such a use. The tinkling scent from Solomon, sends these as a bells then came off the poor man's leg thank offering for prayers at the ca- and were handed over as a sort of thedral at the time of his ooronation. trophy in our war to save these poor The Bible is in Amharic, court lan- people from their witchcraft. Then guage of Ethiopia. The text is hand came a cow's tail, securely fastened lettered in t:ed and black, on white to a strip of cowhide, which is supvellum, with illuminations in brilliant posed to be efficacious in drawing out colors at the beginning of each Gospel, disease. I was also permitted to take after the style of medireval manu- the 'king' ?f all the charms, hung scripts. The two gifts were forwarded about the slCk man's neck and comfrom Addis Ababa by the American posed of various odd coins and shells, Minister.-The Living Churck. supposed to possess great power in appeasing the spirit Jok. It was be- Witchcraft lieved that this superstitious practice would save the man from death by FRED LASSE, of the Africa Inland bronchial pneumonia." Mission, relates the following ex· perience of intimate contact with Modern Apostles witchcraft: WHEN a number of native evan- "One evening, as I was returning gelists in the Cameroun returned from a trip to the villages, I heard from a vacation, they were asked to strange sounds coming from an en- relate what they had done while away. closure just ahead. I asked my boys Here are a few of the replies: what it was about and they said it "I found a lame woman covered with was the song of Jok, the great evil spirit that they worship. We turned boils, just like Job. 1 helped her all 1 down the lantern and crept up to the house. on tiptoe, entering unobserved, could. 1 cut posts in the forest so the and lIstened to the fiendish music as work of building our new chapel could it rose and fell, accompanied by the rattle of dried gourd shells filled with gO"oInhefalpsetdero. ldIwvoimsietendbsyicckarpreyoinplge.w" ater beans, and the tinkling of rudely for them, and cutting firewood in the for- est and bringing it to them. I helped ;so~m~~en!!oildghtmebne to cut their gardens so cleared before the rains shaped bells tied on the legs of the "I bought twenty-five long nails to hold man for whom they were praying. down the split-log seats we are mak- "As I stood in the dim light of the itnhegmfotrootuhrenetewacchhearp. el Iscahlosool, haenldpegdavtoe fire smouldering in the center of the make thatch and put it on the roof of hut, a boy SUddenly said in a hoarse the chapel. I helped the teacher with fear-laden whisper, 'Bwana! Bwana!' hi~, meetings all dll;y ~nd in his work." (The White Man.1 The Wh1·te man.I) schoTohl,eyso wI ehreelpebdUIilndmthge wa ornke.w I cfhoaupnedl 461

an old widow and helped her with work, Every Sunday an average of 113,820 people gather to hear the Word of so she would know that we Christians God at the preaching services. help .with hands aud not only mouths."

"I 'helped a cripple. His roof was bad and leaky. I helped get leaves for 'mals'

Ithatch] from the raffia swamp and Good Roads and Missions T helped make roof-thatch for his house." HE opening of motor roads is "Each day I called together the people bringing about great changes in of my town and told them the things of God." . the Belgian Congo. Whereas only a few years ago, home-going mission- Out of Their Poverty aries had most difficult journeys, T HROUGHOUT the year that is through dense fvrests and often tak- past, 74,250 worshippers of Christ ing weeks to accomplish, the same in Cameroun opened their treasuries journeys can now be made in a few and presented unto Him gifts. In gold days. These roads also present tre- these amounted to $25,779, but trans- mendous opportunities. for evangel- lated into the terms of the jungle ism. The Government is gradually . they are: compelling the natives to leave the One egg ………………. $0.01 interior of the forest, and to build Seven ears of corn ………. .01 new villages along motor routes. Thus, not only can they be more easily Seven kank ……………. .01 supervised, but each village is respon- sible for the maintenance of a certain Pound of peanuts … . . . . . . . . .05 Two sugar .cane ………… .01 Bunch of bananas ………. .15 Bunch of platain ……….. .20 part of the road. Many chiefs have Chicken……………….. .80 constructed motor roads from their One goat ……………… 3.00 villages to the main roads, and many mission stations are connected in the An average day laborer receives same manner. Itinerating and week- $1.50 per month, while the highest end visits to outstations is made pospaid teacher receives $8.00 a month.

sible. Bicycles are in common use, A Century in West Africa and motor t rucks greatly facilitate the NOVEMBER 9, 1831, the Executive transportation of goods. Committee of the Western Foreign Mission Society, (the forerunner A Supl'eme Achievement A of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign T LUKUNGA, in the Congo, the recently completed church is a Missions, U. S. A.) approved of establishing a mission in Africa. In monument to the native Christians'

January, 1833, the first foreign mis- industry, and their interest in God's sionary of the church sailed for Li- work. Since the founding of the mis- beria. Later this mission was turned sion, meetings had been held in the over to the Methodists and a new open, but in 1927, a group of Chris- work was taken over from the Ameri- tians asked permission to erect, on can Board in French Gaboon, and mission property, a building for wor- was later transferred to French Prot- ship which would protect from the estants. In 1892, after years of sun's heat. The size of the building hardship, opposition, sacrifice and dis- needed, help in making plans, ma- couragement, a new mission was terials required and supervision of opened in Cameroun, West Africa, in. construction were serious problems.

entirely untouched territory filled with Rev. F. G. Leasure, of the A. B. F.

ignorant and degraded savages. To- M. S., visited Lukunga in 1927 and day this m1SSlon reports ninety drew a plan for the building. The American Presbyterian missionaries natives had then made 20,000 bricks with over 1,500 African Christian and had Frs. 12,000 in their treasury.

teachers and preachers, more than 30,- The following year was spent in mak- 000 communicant church members and ing brick and colIecting material for 31,000 children in mission schools. foundations. The sawing of timber

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK 46~

was divided among the villages. In classes of readers are represented: stu- 1929 the walls were erected, teachers dents of secondary schools, university and children spending free hours in students, officers, teachers, etc. carrying mortar and brick. The roof was added in 1930 and the church is Good Turkish literature in the new now complete. characters is one of the needs which the American Board would like to sup- T,o make 30,000 bricks by hand, cut ply in much larger measure, for an and plane all the timbers by hand, unquenchable thirst for reading is carryall materials on their heads or being created on a far wider scale backs for a church 39 feet by 52 feet than ever before.-MissionaTY Herald. means heroism. In four years 19,000 headloads of rock, mortar, bricks, tim- Changing Persia ber, cement, lime, galvanized iron and hardware, have been carried for dis- THE Persia of ten, or even of five, tances varying from 300 yards to three years ago, no longer exists, says days away (three days going and Miss E. N. Aidin, a C. M. S. missionthree returning). Not even a wheel- ary. The construction of roads has barrow was used. The work has had brought far-off villages into close cona vital part in their spiritual life and tact with the central Government in has provided much in the way of Teheran. The country has been flooded training for young and old who have with gramophones, and picture theahad a part in it.-Congo Mission ters are appearing everywhere. Islam News. is rapidly losing its hold in the larger towns and a new national conscious- WESTERN ASIA ness is all that is offered to take its place. The situation is full of both What Turks Are Reading dangers and possibilities, and as the mis·sionaries watch these changes they THE amazing exchange of the Ara- feel that the situation presents a mag- bic alphabet, used by Turkey for nificent challenge to go up and possess hundreds of years, to a romanized the land in the name of Christ. alphabet has in the two years so greatly simplified the task of learning Request for a Christian Doctor to read Turkish that many formerly illiterate are now no longer so. AMERCHANT prince of Per,sia, Haji Moeen-e-Tojar el Bouchiri The awakened interest in reading of Teheran, known far and wide as has led one of the leading dailies of an upright man and given to good Istanbul, the Vakit (Time), to make works, a ,sincere and devout Moslem, a study of the question, "What are has made an offer to the Presbyterian we reading?" A special writer ex- Mission in Persia to support, at his amined a few reading rooms and li- own expense, a Christian doctor in braries in the city and the results of Najaf, one of the "Holy Cities" of his observations were published. Islam in Mesopotamia. This merchant prince has supplied water to the city Of the reading room, which for of Najaf-free to all who come and several years has been one of the get it with their own jugs and for projects of the American Board, he one-half anna per skinful to profeswrote: sional water sellers-and the receipts from its sale amount to about 1,500 The American Reading Room today tomans (about $1,300) a month. He ranks second among all the Istanbul li- has conceived the idea of using the braries in point of daily average attend- receipts to pay for the support of a ance. Since it is one of the poorest in- small hospital and has asked that a stitutions in the number of books in the Christian doctor be found to take library, we found it necessary to discover charge of it.-Presbyterian Advance. the reason for the extraordinary use made of it. The books for the most part relate to modern literature, science, art, travel, history, fiction, etc. . The average daily attendance is 525. All

INDIA, BURMA, SIAM teamwork which should mean great things in days to come. We have Baptism of (laste Hindus been allowed to witness things for which decades of missionaries in this AMASS movement towards Chris- place have longed and prayed and tianity is developing among the WQrked.-W. E. S. Holland, in John's Bhils, an aboriginal tribe found in College. Western India. There is every hope that the whole of the Bhil community An All-India Women's College in this area will become Christian if the work among them can be de- T ADY IRWIN, the wife of the reveloped. L tiring vicerQY, was acting presi- On October 31, last year, eighty-six Bhil men, women, and children were dent of the All-India Women's Educabaptized in the C. M. S. Mission in tiQn Fund Association, which has been Western India. Never before in that considering the advisability .of estabmission had a group of caste Hindus lishing a central college for women at been received into the Church. The Agra. This will require thirteen lakhs baptisms took place in the River God- of rupees-abGut $450,000–a part of avari, at a spot where for centuries which has already been subscribed. millions of Hindu pilgrims had bathed It is proposed not toO duplicate fQreign to be ceremonially cleansed from their institutions of learning, but to offer sins. The -baptismal service lasted in this college the branches most esnearly two hours, and then the con- sential toO Indian women in their own verts marched in procession back to special sphere of life. One of the the village, and as they passed their principle branches suggested is Indian (lId Hindu temples they raised the Home Science, including sanitation, shout: "Christ Maharai ki iai" (Vic- health, cooking and care .of children. tory to Christ). Let us hope it will include lectures .on morals, ethic,s, sex relations, indus- Gospel Team at Agra College trial justice and sQcial service.

THE visit of the Burmese Gospel Disturbance in Burma Team to the College at Agra has opened a new chapter in our college FOR some months there has been a history. Throughout my thirty years serious uprising .of bandits, or dain India I have never yet witnessed coits, in the districts in Burma in such a manifest working of the Spirit which American Baptist mission staof ~d. Out of 420 stUdents, 100 are tions are lQcated. Tharrawaddy and Moslems and 220 are Hindus. The ThQnze, with lesser outbreaks in the Burmans gave both Christians and vicinity .of Pyapon, Pyinmana, HennGnChristians, .only one – eighth is zada, and ToungQo. These disturb- Christian by name, an entirely new ances have been the result .of the invision of what free, joyous, natural tense NatiQnalism and general unrest Christian devotion means, and .of prevalent in the East; in part, .of the what it is to be living in a Chris- general lawlessness in that sectiQn of tian fellowship. Every day since they Burma; and, in part, .of the eCQnQmic left, something fresh, something defi- pressure caused by general hard times nite, has happened. Many nonChris- and the slump in the price .of rice. tian students are coming privately to One British official has been killed, ask how they may knGw Jesus Christ several Karen Christian villages have for themselves. AmGng our Christian been wiped out, and many Burmans students there has been formed a and Karens have been killed· by the group of six .or seven who have bandits. The Burma Rifles, composed stepped Gut into quite a new life of principally .of Karen and Kachin ,sol- diers, have been sent to Tharrawaddy. Christian liberty and fellowship and and have taken a large part in the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

capture of the leaders and the quell- the Karen. The villagers, in token of ing of the disturbance. appreciation, contributed towards our This uprising of bandits, involving Gospel Team funds Rs. 194, besides the destruction of one or two village entertaining all to the very best of churches, has made it difficult for mis- their ability. Sixteen young people sionaries to tour in the Tharrawaddy of the Insein church had their first and Thonze district. Gospel Team experience and it put new life into them and their Christian BurDla for Christ MoveDlent Endeavor. These young people are mostly clerks and business people. A NEW Forward Evangelistic Move- The greatest results were in the ment has been endorsed by the things not seen, renewed prayer life, Burma Baptist Missionary Conven- deepened consecration, fresh vision of tion. The Christian Council Evan- reality and an increased passion for gelistic Committee plans to make this winning others. Whenever the cama movement for a deepening of the paigns themselves are real spiritual spiritual life of all Christians, and events, then some people say that the through them of the churches. To greatest results are to be found in the accomplish this all must have a new campaigners themselves. – Saw Chit realization of what Christ means to Maung, in the News (Rangoon). them personally, and what Chris- tianity means to Burma. The Christian Council Evangelistic Committee Church for Lepers Dedicated A is planning special literature in Bur- FINE new church was dedicated on December 28th at the Moulmese and Karen and other languages. In spite of, or may be because of, mein Leper Home, Lower Burma.

rebellion, dacoities and hard times "It was very impressive to see the Burmans are especially susceptible to Lepers, more than 100 out of 110 in- the Gospel at present, but they will mates in the home with their new not become Christians until the Bur- clothing given them at Christmas man and Karen and other Christians time, in the body of the church, while are aroused to bring to them the the pulpit platform was crowded with blessings they themselves have re- friends; many others were sitting in ceived. motor buses because they could not get inside the church. Mr. J. J. An- Gospel Teallls in BurDla derson, a friend of the Lepers, pre- ONE hundred and eighty-eight, sided. seventeen of whom were mission- The Lepers themselves requested aries, formed themselves into seven- the privilege of having a part in the teen Gospel Teams for campaigns in service, and they sang in Telugu, Burfifty-three villages of Burma during mese and in English.

Christmas week. It was a real demon- It Was wonderful when one con- stration of what cooperation means in siders their condition, to hear them evangelism! If we can have enough sing: "Brighten the Corner Where of that kind of cooperation that they Y,ou Are"-to their fellow lepers.

had at Pentecost, we shall have in During the year they have been tak- Burma a Pentecost. For immediate re- ing offerings at their church service sults there were 436 public confessions and though they get only One Anna offaith in Jesus Christ. Nineteen were (2 cents) a day. Here is real sacri- baptized and many more will follow ficial giving and as a result for the later. <Among the participants were past year the Leper Church has made six high school teachers and twenty- contributions to the Mission Hospital, six students from school and college, Moulmein, whose doctors and nurses besides some Bible School girls. The have been caring for them; to the rest were from the seminaries, chiefly All-Burma Baptist Orphanage, Moul– 5

mein ; the MissiQn tQ the Blind 'Of "As it is the first time in the his- Burma; the MissiQn t'O Lepers in In- tQry 'Of China that educated men and dia; and alsQ tQ their new church WQmen have gone to live with and buiIding.-Wm. G. Evans. wQrk fGr the cDuntry people, we have arDused cDnsiderable comment among CHINA thDse who know 'Of 'Our WDrk. Even SDme educatDrs charge political mo- Captured Missionaries Released tives, but a steadily grDwing grGUp of -suppDrters believe that by identifying 1'HE Rev. Allie GQdfrey LindhQlm, 'Ourselves with the peDple, learning American Scandanavian Alliance their needs and the best ways 'Of meetmissiQnary 'Of Kalgan, whQ was cap- ing them, we are taking the essential tured by bandits last April and taken first steps fDr the recDnstructiQn 'Of tG the OrdGs district, was released a 'Our cDuntry. week later 'On the payment 'Of $2,500 Mexican (abGut $600) ranSQm. "While seeking tQ raise the stand- ards 'Of living.in rural districts, we The Rev. K. N. Tvedt, 'Of St. Paul, must aVQid the fatal errQr of assum- American Lutheran United MissiQn ing a patrDnizing! attitude tQwards missi'Onary 'Of KwangchDw, HDnan, the peDple, and secDnd, the danger, who had been held captive by Chinese as we say in Chinese, ''Of 'raising the CDmmunists since last October, was level of c'OnsumptiQn without raising released 'On April 19th 'On payment 'Of the level 'Of production.' We cannot, ranSQm. and would not if we could, lower 'Our standards tQ those of the backward The Rev. Bert NelsQn, 'Of Minne- villages and yet we want in every way apQlis, another Lutheran missiQnary possible to merge our life with the of Kwangshan, HDnan PrDvince, cap- village life, and avoid widening the turned last OctDber and detained at already existing gap between our- Hwangan with Mr. Tvedt, was held selves and the country people. A -sane fQr a ranSDm 'Of $10,000 Mexican sDlution to this problem is the key (abDut $2,400). He is repQrted tQ to the whDle reconstructiDn pr'Oject." have been released. The ten-year project is to be di- It is a rule that missions dQ nGt vided intD three units: Literacy and ranSQm their representatives, but the education; agriculture and eCDnomic rule was mGdified in the cases 'Of these reconstruction; and self-government missiQnaries at the request 'Of Ameri- and citizenship training. can 'Officials, as the tWQ men were being tortured. Threat to Close St. John's College Miss Esther NQrdlund, 'Of ChicagQ, ST. JOHN'S UNIVERSITY, EpisCG- Miss Augusta Nelson and Oscar An- pal college in Shanghai, has rederson, all of the Scandinavian Al- ceived an ultimatum frDm the gDvernliance MissiQn, were captured by ment 'Of Greater Shanghai (the CQmmunists at Kingchowfu, Hupeh Chinese city in which the missionary PrQvince, and were held fQr ranSGm school is situated) that it must combut Miss NelsQn and Miss NQrdlund plete its registration under the nawere repQrted released on April 23d. tional ministry 'Of education befDre September or it will not be permitted Uplifting the Masses to 'Open. This institution is the 'Only outstanding mission college in China A SIGNIFICANT educatiQnal move- that remains unregistered. Its stu- ment 'Of mQdern times is the 'One dents may nDt transfer to any regfQr mass educatiQn in China, made istered college or university and its possible by simplified methods of graduates do not receive government teaching. A recent development is an certificates with their diplomas. They intensive ten-year campaign fGr rural areas. Mr. James Yen, director of the mQvement, writes:

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

are therefore ineligible t'O take civil newcomer is taught to pray, and many service examinations or to receive ap- realize at once the powe'r of prayer. pointments to any institution under A large number marry, some have bethe control or supervision of the gov- come pastors' wives. Others remain ernment. A large proportion of its and enter the industrial department students have been sons of Shanghai and begin lives of financial independmerchants, wh'O enter their fathers' ence. business upon graduation. A Chinese General's Appeal The local authorities are now insisting that upon registration all re- GENERAL CHANG TSE-CHIANG, ligious activities upon the' campus a former ,subordinate of Marshal must cease. Other registered mission Feng Yu-hsiang, has been appointed colleges are prevented from requiring Commissioner for the Suppression of students to attend chapel and other Banditry and Communism in North services of worship, and from having Kiangsu. Recently, addressing a meetany required courses in religion. ing of over seven hundred persons in Yanchow, he pled with them to get It is reported that St. J.ohn's pro- rid of their prejudices and ignorance posed to the ministry that they be and to investigate Christianity sinpermitted to register under conditions cerely. He said that the Three Prinsimilar to those obtaining for mission ciples of Sun Yat-sen were intended schools in Japan,. namely, that they to make China a strong country, but have authority to require that every that 'Only Christianity could save her. student either attend Christian wor- He urged the Christians to witness ship or ethical lectures. Chinese edu- to the faith that was in them not cational authorities have admitted merely with their lips, but in consethat the serious weakness of their crated lives. present rules and regulations are that no provision is made for definite char- It is no small thing for such an acter-building activities in colleges important official to champion the and universities. Lord's cause so boldly in these days ·in China! But·it is an indication of For many months President Chiang a new turn of events in this land.- Kai-shek has been serving concurrently E. H. Foster. as acting minister of educati'On. His assumption of this portfoUo so soon Dr. T. T. Lew on the Bible after his conversion to Christianity naturally has caused a great deal of THE Bible is a living book in China. speculation. Dr. T. T. Lew, of Peking, address- ing the British and Foreign Bible So- "Door of Hope" ciety, said that Chinese authors use Bible terms freely and occasionally EACH year since its founding in use Biblical quotations as titles f'Or 1901, the "Door of Hope," a res- their writings. He expressed the cue home for women and girls in sentiment of Chinese Christians on Shanghai, has shown ,steady progress. the following three points: A children's home, sanitarium and preaching hall have been added, and (1) Chinese Christians are grateful in 1922 another work-the Children's for translations of the Bible; (2) Refuge, was opened, adding 65 more they accept the Bible as God's Word, to be cared for. At present, there are believing that it has more than lit- 240 in the Refuge and 116 in the erary value; and (3) they look for- Door of Hope. In the Sanitarium are ward to the day when Chinese Wy- 44 patients. To the Receiving Home cliffes, Tyndales and Luthers will give a day school is attached, with 75 boys the people versions peculiarly their in attendance. own.

Immediately upon arriving, the

JAPAN-CHOSEN ings and there were many decisions American Movies for Christ, or for a better Christian life. NINETY American residents of Tokyo appealed some months ago A Bible class in EngJi.sh was started to the United States Senate to control for the boys in the Government Midthe shipment of American films to J a- dle School in North Kyung Sung.- pan. Now the National Christian Coun- Korean Echoes.

cil of Japan-the body which coordi- The Printed Page nates the work of all the Protestant churches in the empire-has written ELEVEN thousand copies of the the Federal Council of Churches beg- Kingdom of God Newspaper have ging it to "take every step possible been used since its beginning. At the to prevent the continued influx of present time we are using 300 copies undesirable American films into J a- a week and have 232 paid subscrippan." The Japanese Council tells of tions. Holders have been placed in a visit by its social welfare commit- each of the fifty-eight barber shops in tee, composed entirely of Japanese, to Fukushima City and these papers the Tokyo police department, discuss- are being delivered to each shop by ing the destructive moral effects of members of the Barbers' Union who the movies in the Japanese capital. volunteered their services. Without The chief censor of the police, a non- exception the paper was welcomed in Christian, stated that their "greatest every shop and the results have justiproblem was with the films which fied the experiment which we hope to come from America. Many of these extend to hospitals, doctors' offices and films are highly detrimental to the other places where people have time morals of the Japanese." It is time to read while they wait.-Ira D. that the State Department is granted Crewdson.

power over such traffic.-The Chris- The Bible and a Shinto Priest tian Century. MR. ENDO, a Japanese Christian, who sells Bibles on the streets Revival in Pyengyang of Japan, recently approached a well ABOUT three hundred new believers dressed man to whom he quickly sold are reported attending the vari- an expensive copy. Surprised at theous churches in Pyengyang as a re- purchaser's readiness to buy, Mr.

sult of the recent revival meetings. Endo heard the following story: Immediately following the union meet- "I am the priest of the Shinto ings held in the College Auditorium, shrine here. Recently the young men's a series specially for students was con- and young women'.g associations de- ducted by the Asbury College Band, cided to call a speaker to address them three consecrated young graduates of on some helpful subjects. The Bud- Asbury College, California, with their dhist priest was first asked, but about former fellow-student, Mr. Robert two times finished him. The principal Chung, as interpreter. They carried of the high school, next invited, re- out a strenuous program in the high plied that he had nothing they would schools, the foreign school, college, care ror. Then they asked me. I was- and seminary, in addition to three nonplussed, but went for advice to a.

united meetings daily in the audito- relative of mine, a Christian. He sug- rium. Each evening, the large build- gested I read the Sermon on the- ing was packed with about five Mount and give them those teachings, thousand, mostly students and young not saying it was Christianity. He people, who listened with breathless gave me a portion containing those attention to strong, forceful presenta- words and I have since wished to have tions of the Gospel. Large numbers the complete Bible." – Woman's Mis- remained for prayer at the after meet- sionary Friend.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Christianity in Ohosen of security, knowing that medical skill may be had within a few hours when BUDDHISM has prevailed in Korea necessity arises. With this relief for hundreds of years. Chris- work is a system for sending religious tianity came less than fifty years ago. and general literature to isolated set- tiers; and a few itinerant preachers Of Korea's twenty millions, less now travel by airplane. – AustraUan than four in every hundred are affili- Christian World. ated with the Christian Church, and yet the head of the Department of Youth Movement in the Philippines Religions of the Government-general recently said that Christianity oper- THE Third Biennial Convention of ates 82 per cent of the church schools, the Philippine Christian youth 90 per cent of the Sunday Schools, 87 Monument, was h e I d recently in per cent of the places of religious Union Seminary building, Manila. worship, and enrolls 85 per cent of all The convention theme was "Highways the religious workers. to National Righteousness." Stand- ards of profound spiritual value were Christianity preserved and made set forth in a responsive reading enpopular the native Korean script titled "The Decalogue of Protestant which the old type scholars looked up- Youth." Three statements are, on as too easy for a learned man. "We accept Jesus as the Son of the Christianity brought to Korea the living God and as our personal Savfirst school for girls, and at, present iour"; maintains the- only college for girls. "We believe the Holy Bible to be Christianity established the first the inspired word of God and the modern school for boys in Korea. supreme authority for all Christians in matters of faith and life"; Christianity has made it possible for the women of Korea to be freed "We believe Christ is calling to from the prison of the inner yard youth t·o lead in the building of His of the home. kingdom in these islands."

Christianity is the leader in the Thirty-two years ago there was not fight against the evils of drink, social a Protestant church or Sunday School vice, intemperance! in the Islands. Today, there are 100,- 000 in the 1,000 Sunday Schools. In Christianity is the religion that spite of the fact that the Philippine does things !-Charles A. Sauer. Legislature only a few months ago decided that the time had not arrived ISLANDS OF THE PAOIFIO for the national prohibition of the cockpit with its open gambling, the Aerial Medical Service Protestant Youth Movement voted, "We will enter into an aggressive FOUNDED by the Presbyterian struggle against all vice, ignorance, Church of Australia in 1912 for social wrong, including political corthe white population scattered over ruption, usury, the exploitation of the lonely places of the continent, the the poor, intolerance, superstition, Australia Inland Mission has become cockfighting, gambling, cabarets, the one of the most practical religious social evil, the double standard of forces in the Australian frontiers. morality, and the use of intoxicating beverages." These same youths will Twelve nursing homes are main- be elected to the Legislature in a comtained and staffed by twenty-four paratively few years, and will then nurses. These have become religious make the laws in accord with present and social, as well as healing centers. resolutions of' the Christian Youth An aerial ambulance service is now Movement. in operation and each year about 50 major calls are made. Twelve sets of wireless instruments are in constant use to summon a doctor when telegraph or telephone is not available. Thus the bushmen have a new -sense

Changes in New Guinea after my first visit, I returned to the NEAR the f·ormer mission station village Bogadjim and visited the an- of Bogadjim, New Guinea, back cient Asa place. The old giant tree of a large native village named Born, was still there, but it was grown around with underbrush. The hut stands a great wild rubber tree, about that used to be there was destroyed. 150 feet high. It overtops all other A good road led close to the former trees and exceeds them greatly in the terrible place, and now men, women spread of its branches. As recently and children walk there without fear. as twenty~s.ve years ago, the inhabi- The place has lost its terrors. Near tants of the near-by villages regarded by is a well-kept, Christian cemetery this old tree as tabu, (sacred). The and the graves are well cared for. space under its branches was kept On all there are neat crosses, on clean, since it was the place where which are the names of those buried all festivals were celebrated connected there, and Bible verses. The Gospel with the Asa, the secret cult of the has been victorious! Papuans. If a woman or child had approached the place during a fes- "The ancient magic is gone for ever.

tival, they would have been put to In the villages of this region there death. This secret cult of the Pap- were only two people left who were uans was related to spirit belief and still heathen while all the rest have the worship of ancestors. become Christian. The younger gen- At festivals weird music was played eration knew nothing of the mystery on strange instruments, long bamboo of the giant tree monster and the rods, calabashes and rattles made of older men were ashamed. Whenever hard shells. As soon as the music a new grave is dug in the cemetery a was heard, all the village folk knew native pastor gives joyful testimony that Asa had come and they were kept of the living hope of Christians.

in fear and trembling as long as the "Hundreds of thousands of Papuans celebrations lasted. in New Guinea still live in awe of Under this tree the ceremonies con- such terrors as are connected with their ancient religion. They still nected with circumcision took place practice the horrors of that ancient when the boys of the village reached religion. The Gospel will help to free the age of manhood. For months the them from such terrors !"-A. Hoffdull sound of the tom-toms and the mann, in Mi88ionsnachrichten. other nerve racking music resounded.

Magic articles were kept and the ma- gicians practiced their dark arts NORTH AMERICA there. Many a raid on di·stant villages was planned and natives anx- The Christian Endeavor'. Jubilee iously strove to guard the secrets of pFTY years of Christian Endeavor the tree. .l' service and growth will be cele- The Asa cult has been the greatest brated July 11 to 16 in the Interna- obstacle to the Gospel. Great orgies tional Christian Endeavor Convention, led to most shameless acts. If a in San Franciseo, Calif. Exposition missionary tried to raise his voice Auditorium, seating 14.000 persons, against these pra.ctices he was si- has been secured for the main seslenced by fierce threats. Many an sions and in the ·same building are older missionary wondered in sorrow, fourteen other halls in which meetwhether the time would ever come, ings will be held to consider all phases when the power of darkness would be of young people's religious activities broken. and interests.

Now Rev. A. Hoffman of the Dutch Dr. Daniel A. Poling, president of Mission, writes: the International Society of Christian "In 1929, a quarter of a century Endeavor, will give the keynote ad-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

dress of the c'Onvention 'On Saturday Negro race in America is not far re- evening at the 'Opening sessi'On and moved from the centuries of their each n'O'On will speak over a nati'On- b'Ondage t'O pagan idolatry in Africa. wide network of radi'O stations. If his confidence in the white man and his religion is gone, he will drift Mrs. Francis E. Clark, wh'O joined rapidly from his faith. And when with Dr. Clark in f'Ounding the first the drift gains momentum, Negroes Christian Endeav'Or S'Ociety at Port- will turn upon their own Christian land, Maine, will be a guest speaker lealers as but imitators 'Of the "white in the San Francisc'O Conventi'On at man's" religion. It will then be tou some 'Of the main sessions and in the late tu talk about the "evangelizatiun junior c'Onvention of children under 'Of the Negr'Oes 'Of America." The thirteen. work Will be hard indeed.

Dr. William Hiram Foulkes, 'Of Secund, this drift fr'Om their Chris- Newark, New Jersey, vice-president tian faith comes from the leadership of the International S'Ociety 'Of Chris- 'Of those who have been· educated in tian Endeavor, will be another speak- large universities which are n'Ow sater and the music will be in charge urated with rationalism and with a of Homer R'Odeheaver and Percy S. pagan philosophy 'Of human life and F'Oster, America's f'Orem'Ost leaders 'Of human destiny. Pagan education in song, with a ch'Orus of 800 v'Oices. America is thus ruining the highest prospects 'Of the Negro in America President H'O'Over, who assisted in by setting him adrift and destroying 'Organizing a; Christian Endeavor S'O- the world objectives that were beciety in Oregon many years ago, may ginning to dawn bef'Ore him as an attend this c'Onvention in his h'Ome evangelical Christian people.-Charles state, provided his official responsi- T. Alexander. bilities make the trip possible. How Mormonism Grows N'Orth America counts 3,000,000 young people who are members of eeMORMONISM has become a dead Christian Endeavor Societies, and in issue," said one wh'O spent a addition the plans and activities of the youth of the churches at large few h'Ours in Salt Lake City. have frequently been guided by the "Mormonism is stronger and more objectives ad'Opted by Christian Endeavor. The 'Other c'Ontinents have a aggressive than ever," is another obt'Otal membership 'Of more than 1,000,- servation nearer the truth. Morm'Ons 000 young people, who are members puint with pride to a growth from 6 'Of the Society, making this the largest members in 1830 tu 600,000 in 1930. y'Oung pe'Ople's organizati'On in the By proselyting it keeps alive and world. It is significant that this grows, as well as by making family y'Outh movement for training and increase the greatest c'Ommand 'Of G'Od service is evangelically Christian. t'O man. It has usually about 2,100 emissaries 'Out fr'Om the Utah region, The Negro'. Religion t'O which number re'Organized M'Or- m'Onism adds perhaps 200 m'Ore. I N SOME places the American Mormons are knit t'Ogether by isola- Negr'O is drifting away fr'Om the ti'On, discipline, intermarriage and Christian religi'On. Many are bec'Om- cooperative interests. The organizaing Mohammedans. At present there ti'On is systematic. There is a duty are approximately 300,000 Moham- fur everyone. Visitation of the sick, medan Negroes in America. and relief 'Of the needy are carried 'On through well 'Organized agencies. He is breakin.g fr'Om the old moor- L'Oyalty to the church is fostered more ings of his hist'Oric Christian faith as effectively by a system 'Of thDr'Ough given him by evangelical people. It indDctrinati'On than thrDugh any 'Other took many centuries to free the He- single fact'Or. The meth'Od 'Of calling brew race from pagan idolatry. The

young men to serve the church at without fDOd. Sleeping in snowbanks their own expense, outside of the at night, he staved off severe frost home territory, for a period extend- bites. It was five days later that an ing over at least two years is un- Eskimo discovered him and took him paralleled. A force comprising about back to safety. 1,200 in the States and about 900 outside the States are continually work- This incident illustrates the dangers ing in the ir,terest of their cause. and the courage of those engaged in These missions are said to represent extending the KingdDm in the frozen an annual cost of two million dollars, north.-The Living Church. and the property is valued at two million more. Verm.ont Chnrch Union "Restoration Fund" AFEDERATION of churches in Vermont succeeded by close coop- THE United Presbyterian Foreign eratiDn between the officials .of the Board repDrts the success .of their three leading denDminatiDns, Baptist, "RestDration Fund," which makes it CDngregational and MethDd·ist, to propDssible for the Board to send back tD duce excellent results thrDugh nuthe field all .of the 20 missiDnaries WhD merDUS "exchanges .of fields" and had been retired from lack of funds, the cultivation .of fellowship amDng except thDse who were unable to re- these denDminations. A few years turn fDr one reason or another. Not ago leading laymen and ministers only is this return made possible, but gathered to hear the results of a support for these missiDnaries is guar- study of 15 years .of comity between anteed for five years. the Protestant denominations and to study every community in the state, Hardships in the Arctic where missiDnary money was spent. A motion was made by a Methodist SEVERE hardships were undergDne district superintendent, and adopted by the Rev. J. H. Webster, one of unanimously, that thDse present were the Church of England missionaries ready for organic union of the three among the Eskimos, WhD was lDst fDr denominatiDns. The effects of that almost a week in the CorDnatiDn Gulf meeting are still felt in the eliminaregiDn .of the Arctic. In weather that tion of cDmpetitiDn between the deranged from 30 to 40 degrees belDw nominations. zero, the missionary wandered, lost, until finally discovered by a native LATIN AMERICA Eskimo when he was nearly prostrated frDm starvation and exposure. For Baptist Work in Nica.ragna five days he had no fDDd; his dDgS had brDken lo.ose or had separated from MANAGUA, the capital of Nicarahim. He is recuperating at the gov- gua, recently destrDyed by an ernment radio station at Coronation earthquake, has bee n the head- Gulf, and is reported to be on the way quarters of the Baptist MissiDn in to recovery. Nicaragua since 1917. The Baptist church of two hundred and fifty mem- On January 24th, the missionary bers was led by an able Nicaraguan left Coronati.on Gulf, where he has a pastor, and the attendance at Sunday small church, tD visit scattered bands SChODl was over four hundred. There .of EskimDs in the sealing camps. was also a Baptist SChODl with an en- rDllment of about four hundred. The He missed the Eskimo camp and, Evelyn Briggs Cranska Memorial when his sled encountered particular- HDspital cDntained thirty beds. "Buildly rDugh ice on Sunday, his lead dog ings total lDSs; missionaries safe," broke IDose. He then set .out to catch was the message after the earthquake. the dog, but became lost. From then If the disaster had happened when until Thursday night he wandered the -school was in session, many chiI-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

dren would probably have lost their sions, at least 50,000 children and lives. young people are receiving regular in- struction in the hundreds of Sunday The American Baptist Home Mis- Schools and Young People's Societies sion Society and the Woman's Ameri- scattered over Cuba. The Roman can Baptist Home Mission Society are Catholic Church in c.onsequence has taking steps to rebnild the school been stimulated to more efficient methbuildings and the hospital, but the ods in religious and secular instrucinsurance will be far from sufficient tion. The archbishop went so far as to provide new earthquake proof to issue a public statement urging buildings. their people to read the Bible.- American Friend. A large part of the population of Managua has taken refuge 'in neigh- Revolution in Honduras boring towns and cities. It is hoped that the same thing will happen as r ATIN American countries, like the is recorded in the eighth chapter of the Acts: "They that were scattered L Balkan States of Europe, are in abroad went everywhere preaching the Word." The next advance step the political volcanic belt. The defor the Baptist Mission ought toO be structive earthquake in Nicaragua the opening of work on the Atlantic has been followed (April 19th) by a Coast, where there is nD mission con- new revolution in Honduras, its cenducting work in Spanish. The Mo- tral American neighbor. The storm ravian Church of the United States centers seem to be Tela and Ceiba Dn for eighty years has evangelized the the north coast, where the Episcopal Indians here and has a membership of Diocese of British Honduras carries more than twelve thousand. Inasmuch on a small evangelical work. Blueas the Spanish-speaking population is fields, Nicaragua, where the Moincreasing the Moravians have urged ravians have a well established misthe Baptist Mission to extend its min- sion, is also the scene of revolutionary istry to the Atlantic Coast where some activity. Nicaraguan Baptists havesettled.- Chas. S. Detweiler. Missionary Murdered, Station Burned Children in Cuba ON MARCH 31st the Sandinistas attacked the Moravian Mission BEFORE the Spanish – American station .of Musawas, in the Wangks War there were no schools in River District of Nicaragua, mur- Cuba, except a very few for the boys dered the missionary, the Rev. Karl of the wealthier families. Later, a Bregenzer, and burned the new $4,000 public school system was inaugurated mission building. Mrs. Bregenzer, which, with all its weaknesses, re- with her two little children and her duced the percentage of illiteracy mother escaped. from 75 per cent to 27 per cent. Over half the first grade drop out before The Moravian missionaries care for the second grade, and ,successively 13,000 Creoles and Indians at 58 staeach grade is about one-half the pre- tions, outstations and preaching places ceding grade. in Nicaragua. They do not work among the Spanish-speaking people. The Government theoretically pro- They have nothing to fear from the vides elementary education for chil- Indians, all of whom are their friends, dren and has a compulsory attendance but any American Mis,sion is exposed law, although it cannot be enforced to the enmity of the Sandinistas. with the present facilities. In the c.ountry the provisions are meager, As the United States Government indeed. Secondary schools are largely has announced that it cannot underleft to private initiative. Since the take to protect American lives and coming of Protestant Christian mis- prDperty in the interior, where the majority of the Moravian mission sta-

tions are, these stations are at the the world. An Executive Committee mercy of the Sandinistas who consider has been selected to draft a constitu- the pronouncement practically an in- tion.

vitation to attack them. As the Nic- araguan National Guard cannot cope New Alllerican Church in Paris T with the situation, missionaries have HE first American institution in Paris was a church. It was founded been ordered to the port towns, where American warships are stationed. in 1857. The American Church of Paris will dedicate a new $800,000 Campaign in South Alllerica edifice this coming July. It is a Union REV. HARRY STRACHAN is visit- Church and "Jesus Hominum Salva- ing South America to confer with tor" is its only creed. All evangelical missionaries regarding future evan- denominations in Paris sink minor gelistic work. He will collaborate in differences in order to unite for hold- Peru with missionaries, of the Free ing high the Cross of Chri,st.

Church of Scotland. His first stop is When the Franco-Prussian War to be in Ecuador. The most neglected broke out, Dr. Josiah G. Holland, the part of Brazil is the state of Ceara. poet and essayist, was the superin- It has 1,500,000 inhabitants without tendent of the. Sunday Sch{)ol.

a single mis·sionary. Distinguished worshippers have in- cluded Ulysses S. Grant, Theodore Mr. Strachan's journey will occupy Roosevelt, Herbert Hoover, and Woodthe rest 'of' this year.-Latin Ameri- row Wilson. Each of these U. S. can Evangelist.

Presidents belonged to a different de- Chilean Leaders List Bible First nomination. Additional proof of unity I N SANITAGO, Chile, the editor of is to be found in the fifteen different a leading daily newspaper, El Mer- sects at the Thanksgiving dinner for curio, asked, from leaders of thought students.

in that country, a list of the twenty- Permission to conduct the American five books that a person ought to read Chapel was first granted provided that if he desired to be looked upon as edu- the services be held in the English cated. For two months, 'on alternate language only, but the French Gov- days, these lists were published. ernment later decided to ignore it Sometimes the Gospels were men- and forget it.

tioned and sometimes the New Testa- Dr. Joseph W. Cochran, the present ment, but in the majority of the lists pastor also aids Protestant mission the Bible took first place I-Alliance work among the French lower classes.

Weekly. The new church building on the Quai d'orsay is in modified Gothic; EUROPE it is also a practical, seven-day-a-week League of Colored People church, where every aspect of life will ALEAGUE of colored peoples has be touched for the Church House is been established in the central a modern community center, includ- Y. M. C. A. of London. The main ing a gymnasium, kindergarten, liobjects of the League are provision- brary, lecture hall, sociaf rooms.-J. ally stated as follows: 1. To promote R. Montague.

the economic, educational, civic and social interests of colored peoples; 2. Mussolini and the Waldenses To assist colored peoples in distress; 3. To improve relations between As THE Waldensians are the strong- est group of evangelicals in Italy, races; 4. To cooperate with organi- many have interpreted the Pope's re- zations sympathetic to colored people; cent comment on Protestant aggres- 5. To encourage interest in the wel- siveness in Rome as especially directed fare of colored people in all parts of against them. The pastor of the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

largest Waldensian Church in Rome remarked that: "Spain was oppressed makes the following statement: by a dead body lying on her, and that is the Church of Rome."-The Chris- In February the Moderator of the tian. Waldensian Church of Italy, Dr. V. A. Costabel, was received by the Premier Religious Education in the Balkans of Italy in Rome. The Moderator wanted to inform the Duce concerning the schools DELEGATES representing the Or- of the Waldenses and the religious in- thodox Churches and Christian struction of their children. The Premier Youth Work in the Balkans met at a listened with great interest to all the conference to consider questions relat- Moderator told him about the work of ing to the religious education of the Waldensian Church in Italy, and youth. Several Protestant members several times expressed his profound of world Christian associations of personal admiration for the Waldenses, young people took part in the proceed- assuring the Moderator that they would ings. always enjoy liberty of conscience in Italy.-Presbyterian Advance. The conference reviewed the situa- tion among young people in Greece Protestant Revival in Flanders and Bulgaria, and in the Russian emi- grant circles in Central and Western THE xx Siecle reports that a group Europe. Youth has fallen away from of very active Fronters, with head- religious tradition and from the quarters in Dendermonde, is usefully Church but there has been a rekinengaged in creating a people'·s move- dling of spiritual life which has ment in favor of Protestantism. shown itself particularly among young Seven Protestant missions are travel- Russians of the exile. A delegate who ling from village to village and the sent his impressions to the Journal reports ·of the reception afforded are, de Geneve, writes: "One of the most as a rule, favorable. It is proposed striking things was the frankness of to build an Evangelical church at St. the discussion, the emphasi.s laid on Gilles, near Dendermonde. Some are modern methods of teaching, and the already speaking of a Flemish loose- frank admission of the Church that from-Rome movement. she had held herself aloof from the social, moral and intellectual life of Wayside Sowing in Spain those whose souls were committed to her." The conference recommended SOME years ago a Gospel tract was that groups of workers among youth dropped into a market basket car- should be formed in every Orthodox ried on a woman's head. The woman (Greek) country to study questions of could not read but her husband read religions education. the tract again and again and sought the Lord of whose love the tract spoke. A Christian College in Greeee Asking who had tossed the tract into his wife's basket, he was directed to ANATOLIA COLLEGE was forced Mr. Thomas Blamire's home in Marin. out of Turkey in the World War There the hungry soul was instructed and many students died in the strugand, returning home, preached Christ gle; othel's fled to different parts of to his household and neighbors. . the earth; a few reached Greece, who opened friendly doors. Sen. Jose Maria, of Arcade, soon became known as a valiant Protestant Dr. George E. White and his assobeliever, and a fearless follower of ciates began building the college anew Christ. He was a rich farmer, and in Greece. They had to start in a owned vineyards and lands. A little rambling, old building, formerly a church was formed, and there Jose gambling den. The work has not Maria shepherded a body of believers been easy; it has taken an amazing until his homecall in 1930. Over forty courage and persistency. Greece has years he faithfully followed Christ.

Spain cries out for liberty of conscience. One of her politi<:ians lately

not the money to give for the neces- President Paul von Hindenburg's desary buildings that will rise on this cree, issued under dictatorial powers new campus on the hill, but ,she is giVen him by Article 48 of the Constihelping. Recently the graduates gave tution, 'Of severe penalties fDr persons several hundred dollars; and two 'Or societies ridiculing the Church. gifts totalling $600 have been given by them toward a professorship. Throughout Holy Week police re- peatedly suppressed public meetings The new site for the college campus 'Of free thought organizations. Socommands a superb view of Salonika cialist free thinkers' associatiDns have and the JEgean Sea. 2,000 branches in Germany and 500,- 000 members. Similar organizations Greece is one of the chief countries among Communists have a memberof the Near East world. ship of 130,000 and carry 'On energetic anti-religious propaganda through 600 Anatolia College is an investment branches. The Socialists have slightly in youth. With a background of modified their anti-religious activities knowledge and experience this college recently in view of cDllaboration with will continue to give boys an oppor- the Catholic Party of Prussia. tunity for education and development, and will share in providing Christian It is estimated that 2,500,000 perleadership for the Near East.-The sons, including approximately 2,000,- Congregationalist. 000 Protestants, have abandoned their church affiliations in Germany since A New Seet·in Russia the World War. Government figures are not available, but reliable statis- T HE Ecclesia, published at Geneva, tics reveal that approximately 65,000 reports the appearance of a new residents 'Of Berlin withdrew from sect in Russia, known as the "Eu- churches during 1930, compared with nuchs," which is increasing rapidly. 31,000 in 1925. As the name implies, the sect bears the character of religious fanaticism Church taxes, collected by the Gerand the Soviets are taking measures man states, amount from 10 to 12 per to repress it. In 1930, thirty-nine cent of the state income taxes and the adherents were c'Ondemned at Lenin- churches derive large sums annually grad and another trial was held at from tax revenues. Reluctance to pay Saratov. Now a new center has been church taxes, especially during the discovered in the outskirts of Moscow. present econoOmic crisis, explains, in In this sect a veterinary surgeon and some measure, the mass exodus of his wife play the principle role and church members. perform the necessary operations. Twelve of this peculiar sect have been Agnostic grDups have enlarged their sent for trial but its adherents are following by combining membership said to number thousands. in free thinkers' societies with an in- surance scheme for free cremation. Germany Fights Atheists The anti-religious movement is con- sidered an outgrowth of the class ADRAST):C government campaign struggle and thus the actioOn of Presi- against anti-religious organiza- dent von Hindenburg and Chancellor tions believed responsible f·or a grow- Heinrich Bruening in shielding the ing exodus from German churches Church from agnostIc movements will coincided with the observance of bring the government indirectly int'O Easter in Germany. conflict with the Socialists and Com- munists, who are backing the free Decreasing attendance at churches thinkers.-The United Press. and a growing tendency to ridicule religion resulted in the inclusion in

WORTH

Any books mentioned i'n these columns will be forwarded by us O'n receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

The Invisible Christ. By Ricardo Rojas. able, the adorable Christ. A strange 336 pp. $2.50. Abingdon Press, New but fascinating book. As Dr. Robert York. E. Speer remarks in the introduction. Doctor Rojas is an Argentinian, the "If one asks what kind of books Latinson of a senator and governor, lately American authors are producing, this rector of the University of Buenos volume will answer for the nobler and Aires, a historian and a distinguished higher mind of the Continent. The fasman of letters. His book consists of cination of the book to most readers will three dialogues between a Bishop and be its revelation of the reaction of the his guest on the greatest character of highest Latin culture of our day to the history, Jesus Christ. It is a que·at religious inheritance of Latin Anierica, for the true. image of Christ, the true to Christianity itself and its historical word of Christ, and the true spirit of and mystical elements."

Christ. The book has had a remarkable sale In the first dialogue the discussion in its original form. The translatilm centers on the Christ of art—–{)ften conflicting, fantastic and purely imagi- is forceful and attractive in style. nary portraits. "The corporeal reality of Jesus is not defined in the contra- Where there are so many striking dictory imagery which the Church reference·s to the art and literature of Europe, the reader will regret the absence of an index. S. M. Z.

allows to crowd its altars." Christ The Challenge of Russia. By Sherwood is beyond all human artistic concep- Eddy. 278 pp. $2.50. Farrar and tion, neither of the East nor the West, Rinehart, New York. 1931.

the Son of man and the Son of God. A great experiment is being tried "The Cross of Christ, distinct from out in Russia, an experiment affecting the Swastika and the Tau, which not only the political but the social, other religions worship, is the figure economic, industrial and religious life made by a shadow projected on the of a hundred and sixty millions of earth, beneath the light of heaven, by people, and of portentious significance the body of a Man with arms out- of many more millions in other lands. spread for the sacrifice of love." Such There is a confused welter of inforis the mystical conclusion of part one. mation about it. The enthusiastic ac- The second part discusses the Word counts of Soviet advocates are not to of Christ and His spiritual image. be trusted, and foreign observers dis- Here the discusston turns on the Gos- agree. Dr. Sherwood Eddy has had pel record as distinct from tradition an opportunity to study the subject and apocrypha. "Scientific criticism having visited Russia .six times, twice so far from invalidating the text of during the regime of the Czar and the Gospels has made them more hu- four times since the establishment of man and forceful." the Soviet Government. He travelled The third dialogue is the climax of widely, asked many questions and has the trilogy-art, music, the compara- studied the whole situation. In this tive study of other religions, the book he has given his experiences and Church, the Gospels all lead to the conclusions. He rightly says that transcendent, the mystical, the invisi- "both the friends and foes of the 477

Soviet Union will probably object to in a Person and in a life-in Jesus some of the statements here made." Christ …… Christianity, then, is not a We cannot take his sympathetic view law enforced but a Life …… and the of the Russian experiment but he has Life is the Light of men …… Where written clearly, evidently with a pur- that Life is present, there is the King- dom of God on earth.

pose to be fair. It is his conviction Mr. Mathews not only presents an that Russia constitutes a challenge important and arresting array of dis- turbing facts but reveals an equally to America and the world. The lack important and more reassuring harof an index is a defect, which should monizing Power to bring order and be remedied in any further printing. reconstruction out of "The Clash of A. J. B.

The Clash of World Forces. By Basil W-orld Forces."

Mathews. 8vo. 174 pp. $1.50. Abing- The Land of Behest. By Constance E. don Press, New York. 1931. Padwick. 145 pp. Is. 6d. Church Missionary Society, London. 1930. Any student of world conditions must recognize that there is going on Those who have followed the gifted today a fierce conflict that is both pen of this author will take up her national and international. We have little book with much pleasurable anthe conflict between imperialism and ticipation, and will not be disapdemocracy; between capital and la- pointed. bar; between advocates of war and the promoters of arbitration as a "The Lands of Behest," the lands means of settling disputes; there is a conflict between racketeers and busi- that we are commanded to enter and ness; between law and crime; between social order and communistic possess for the Master, are the mission dis-order; between ignorant prejudice and intelligent judgment; between fields of the Church Missionary Soselfish immorality and high social standards. All these are summed up ciety, – Africa, India, China, Japan in the conflict between good and evil, between the material and the spirit- and the Moslem World. The backual, the Satanic and the Christ way of life. ground is the Congress in London in Mr. Mathews here discusses, with 1930. This is not a history, neither intelligence and Christian idealism, some of the forces now in conflict in a description of that gathering. The' international relations as seen in the Russian program, in India's effort to Archbishop of Canterbury says in the secure self-rule, and in China's -struggle to establish a democracy. He con- Foreword: It is "a picture drawn by cludes his volume with a study of, "The Clash of Values," in which he a skilled hand and a vivid and glowing presents the Christian solution for these problems and for the way of imagination of the whole field now so wonderfully open to missionary en- terprise." Here and there are given a few living, stirring words from the hearts of leading workers in the sev- eral fields, followed and commented upon by the author in her own in- imitable way. When -our zeal for the coming of the kingdom weakens, when our enthusiasm in fulfilling our Lord's command lessens, then this book should be within reach. J. C.

peace. He says: Albert Schweitzer: The Man and His Every category of human life is not Work. John Dickinson Regester. 145 pp. $1.50. Abingdon, New York. 1931. simply challenged but is reshaping under our eyes …… It is, in an even deeper "On the Edge of the Primeval and more revolutionary sense, a crisis Forest," the story of Dr. Schweitzer's in the individual lives of men and women work in West Africa, will lead many of every race …… In Christianity we to read with deep interest this sketch have, we believe, the ultimate values of of the man and his work as musician, the universe, expressed not in rules, or law, or creed, or commandments but

BOOKS WORTH READING

theologian, philosopher, and mission- An English journalist describes pic- tures he saw in the parts of London ary. Abundant quotations from his where officers of the Salvation Army are working. Already the book has own writings makes this, in a sense, reached an edition of 150,000 in Eng- land and America. These stories, an autobiography. He was born in which remind us of "Twice Born Men" and "Down ill Water Street," 1875 in Upper Alsace. His father was tell of men and women, downtrodden and despoiled, shattered by evil and a minister and his home was a center by economic hardship; of women led astray by human demons, of men of culture and religion. His musical ruined by drink and sin, of devilish deeds and filthy hovels. Such rectalent seems to have been inherited ords are truly "Annals of Hell." But Mr. Redwood also reports wombut in his theology he wandered far en reclaimed and men redeemed; he describes angelic ministries and from the evangelical position, but cleansed homes. These are the "An- nals of Heaven." "the quest of the historical Jesus has Cold and formal Christians will be resulted in a mystical finding of his stirred to warmth and vitality as they read of the life and light and joy that Lord and Master." The story of his Christ brings through such ministries as those of the Salvation Army among love for and proficiency in music is the outcastes.

fascinating; that of his hospital work The Pacillc Islands. A Missionary Sur- vey by J. W. Burton, M.A. Two maps. in Africa is heroic. The brief biog- 8 vo. 124 pp. 3s. 6d. World Do- minion Press. London. 1930. raphy is a fitting introduction to one In spite -of the large number of of the most distinguished men of our islands that have been evangelized, there remains ·still a great unfinished day. S.M.Z. task. The total area of the Pacific Is- lands is estimated at 383,228 square Stewardship Parable of Jesus. By Ros- miles with a population of 2,009,784. The Christian population is only 627,- well C. Long'. 230 pp. $1.00. Cokes- 903, nearly one-half of whom are Ro- man Catholics (252,792). The wholly bury Press, Nashville. 1931. unevangelized section covers only one thirty-seventh of the whole but three- The need of immediate increase of fourths of the population (one and a half mill~on) are not Christiansstewardship study becomes more and largely in Papua and the New Hebri- des. more apparent as the returns from This illuminating survey describes the old methods of casual, emotional the general conditions, the problems, the questions affecting governments appeals for bene'l'olences continue to and comity of missions, and the mis- sionary situation. There are two exdecrease year by year. cellent maps and some useful tables of statistics. Some helpful sugges- The Stewardship Secretary of the tions for mission study groups are also included. Presbyterian Church in the United States has brought out in six very helpful Bible studies the stewardship content -of six parables – The Good Samaritan, The Talents, Ten Virgins, Rich Fool, Laborers in the Vineyard, The Tower and Waging War. They will be a practical help to those wish- ing to teach stewardship by present- ing a new approach to the principles and practice.

Dr. Long makes clear that the hope for mission support lies, not in more emotionalization of money appeals but in solid stewardship understanding and practice. G. L. M.

God in the Slums. By Hugh Redwood. 12 mo. 167 pp. $1.25. Revell. 1931.

One-half the world does not want to know how the other half lives, but it would be well if those who are slipping down the gilded way of sin could SE1e these pictures of the pit that lies beyond.

The Fellowship of Toil. By John Mc- The Vision or Light at Evening Time. By Adelaide Addison Pollard. Pamphlet, Dowell. lmo. 150 pp. $1.25. Revell. 1s. British Jews Society. London.

1930. This very excellent and stirring epic poem relates the story of a Jew Industrial relationships constitute who came into contact with Christ. the social foundation of national life. It is worth reading and circulating. If these relationships are according to Christian principles we will have no Helps for the Quiet Hour. By Wilson repetition of the atheistic communism Cash. Pamphlet, C. M. S. London. that is devastating Russia and threat- 1931. ening the world. These daily meditations for one Dr. McDowell has been intimately month, with Scripture verses and familiar with industrial conditions blank pages for prayer topics, are since his boyhood. As worker, pastor, compact. nourishing, practical and student, Home Mission secretary and stimulating. committee man, he has become familiar with the warp and the woof The Jesus I Know. English Edition of of the problem. He gives us the re- a Chinese book prepared by Y. T. sults of his studies and his conclu- Wu, T. Z. Koo and E. R. Hughes. sions as to work and workers; the Paper, 40 cents. Shanghai, China. mission .of the church in industry; 1930. Christ's commands and labors' needs; the road to economic emancipation. Nine Chinese writer,s present their This last Dr. McDowell finds in the personal views of Christ. The testiacceptance of Christ's ideals of broth- monies are intended particularly for erly love and justice, and service to unbelievers but Christians will find mankind. J eSlls' standard of values some faint light ani truth in them. is life not things; His purpose is The witnesses are teachers, students service of society not of self; His and Christian workers. Not all show motive is charity not greed; His prin- a clear knowledge of Jesus as Divine ciple is fraternal not individualistic; Lord and Saviour. He is presented democratic not autocratic; His power by them as an ideal tea<:her and leader is divine not human. Loyalty to these rather than as the Son of God. ideals will solve the industrial labor problem. We need stronger Christians than those presented here, if the Church Direotory of Protestant Missions in China in China is to remain true to New Testament teachings. -1930. Edited by Charles L. Boynton. Tailum J'an-A Christian Widow in the 8 vo. 217 pp. Kwang Hsueh Publish- Wild Mountains of Upper Burma. By ing House, Shanghai. 1930. A. T. Houghton. 114 pp. 28. 6d. Marshall, Morgan and Scott. London. This enlarged and improved directory contains a list of missionaries Miracles are not limited to one age and missionary societies arranged al- or one land or one race. Here is a phabetically, by stations and by so- true story of Tailum Jan, an ignorant cities. There is also a list of union Burmese woman, until she heard the and interdenominational officials, and Gospel of Christ and heard the call of medical schools and hospitaIs. Al- of God. She responded and the comtogether there are one hundred and pleteness of her transformation was eighty foreign missionary societies at as wonderful as any recorded in fairy work in China, and about 6,000 mis- tales-and more complete and permasionaries listed. Seventy-two stations nent. The sketch of Tailum Jan in- -out of I,lOO-are listed as vacant cludes a background of Burmese life and s.ome twenty – five others are and customs and beliefs. It shows the manned only by Chinese Christians. power of the Gospel among primitive people.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1929

TONGUED EVANGELlSTS IN 'l'YPE

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Me Cutcheon·s n. ~ FIFTH AVENUE AT FORTy,NINTH Scr. DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK J&q us Ib, OIl THE BIBLICAL SEMINARY IN NEW YORK Interdenominational WILBERT W. WHITE, President SUMMER TERM June 19 — July 30, 1929 Courses for Pastors, College and Seminary Professors, Directors of Religious Education, Theological Students, Missionaries, and other Christian Leaders and Workers.

Term divided into two periods of three weeks each. For full information and schedule, address WALTER E. BACHMAN, DEAN 235 E. 49th Street, :: New York, N. Y.

(Send for full Catalogue of Seminary. Five Departments) Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THB WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD .,~ – DELAVAN L. PIIlMON, llItUt",. LET YOUR GIFT MAROH TABLE OF CONTENTS to Foreign Missions Page ~lANY TONGUED EVANGELISTS IN PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME 'l'YP~] ……………….. FronNspiece YOll can make a generous gift to foreign mis~ sions and have a needed income for yourself . ISTRATBGIC C)<]N'l'ER IN C~:NTl(AL and others from the money you give by the AMBRICA …. CLEI.A"D B. MeA"EE 165 Annuity Gift Plan A CITY CHURCH AND THE UN- CHURCHED …….. A. Z. CO"RAD 173 This plan relieves you of uncertainty and worry caused by changing-values of invested SIGNS OF PROGESS IN CHINA …. funds and assures you a fixed income of ………….. WILLIAM A. ~!ATHER 176 41% to 9% per year THE HmlE MISSION TASK TODAY .. ……… ………. . J. S. STOWEI,L 182 for the rest of your life THE AFRICAN YOU'l'H OF TOMORROW A reserve fund of over $1.500,000 guarantees • •••••••••••••••••••• MAX YEIlGAN 187 the prompt payment of annuities to you.

AE'TER JERUSALEM-IN SYRIA ….. Protect yourself against loss through •••••••••••••••• HABIB SUBHAEYAH 196 unwise investments and at the same time help send the gospel to aU the world. WORK FOR SOLDJERS IN CHILE •.•• • ………….. WILLIAM M. STRONG 197 For full -in/ormation write A REMARKABLE INVALID IN SHANG- Erne.t F. Hall. Secretary. Dept. of Annuitie. HAI ……… GEORGE T. B. DAVIS 199 BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

156 Filth Avenue. New York A:'< INVALID'S FELLOWSHIP OF PRAyER …………..•.•..••.•• 200 'l'OPICS OF THE TIMES … EDITORIALS 201 PREPARE WELL METHODS FOR WORKERS •……. FOR •.•• . EDITED BY MRS. F. L JOHNSON 208 WORLD WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN SERVICE • ••• EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 216 THE Kennedy School of Missions (in- terdenominational) offers technical WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BUL- training for Christian work in any for- LETIN …………………… . eign field_ Graduate school for candi- .. , . EDITED BY ELI,A D. MACLAURIN 219 dates, appointees, missionaries. Study of phonetics of high value. Over a WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK ……..•… 222 dozen languages available in labora- tory. Close affiliation with Seminary BOOKS WORTII READING ……….. 237 and School of Religious Education. Exceptional library. Sociology, Bible, TERMS.-$2.~0 a year. ($2.00 In clubs ot business methods, etc.

live.) Foreign postage, ~O cents. Single copies, Write for catalog. 25 cent.. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1928, by MISSIONARY RIIlVIEW PUBLISHING COM- Dean E. W. Capen, Ph.D., Hartford. Connecticut PANY, INC. All rights reserved. HARTFORD THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. Seminary Foundation RoBJlRT E. SPUR, Pre8ident w. Douglas Mackenzie, D.D., President WILLIAH I. CHAMBIlRLAIN, Vice-Pre.ldent DIlLAVAN L. PIEBSON, 8ecretarv WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Publication Omce, 3d & Reily St., Harrisburg, P". 250 a copy. $2.50 a Year. EdItorial and Business Office, 156 Fltth Avenu~, New York City. lilntered a. second-class matter at the Post Omce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Aet of Marcil 3, 1871.

Please mention THID MIS8IONAlty REVIEW OJ' THE WORLD In writing to advertisers. OBITUARY MRS. JAMES STEWART, the widow of Three Missionary Leaders the famous Dr. Stewart of Lovedale, South Africa, died in East London on October 31st, and her body was laid to rest beside her husband on the crest of "Sandile's Kop," which overlooks Lovedale Institute. Mrs. Stewart, the daugh- A History of Christian ter of Alexander Stephens, went from Missions in China England to South Africa in 1867 as a young bride of eighteen. By Kenneth S. Latourette, Yale University * ** After bringing out the points of agreement REV. HENRY A. BILKERT, for ten years and difference between the religions of China a missionary of the Reformed Church and Christianity a full and comprehensive in America, and stationed at Basrah, history is given for the first time in any lanwas shot from ambush and killed by guage of :.Jestorian, of Roman Catholic, Wahabi raiders on January 21st while driving along the desert frontier between Protestant, and Russian Orthodox Christian Irak and the Nedj in company with missions in China, continuing down to the Hori. Charles R. Crane, former Ameri- year 1927. This work is based upon an ex- can Minister to China. Mr. Bilkert was tensive examination of the sources referred born in Kalamazoo, Michigan, on June to in hundreds of footnotes and an ample 24, 1892, and after his graduation from bibliography. It will long be the standard, Hope College and Western Theological indispensable book in its field for all those Seminary went to Arabia as a mission- actively engaged in foreign missions. Oc- ary. He leaves a wife and four young tavo, 900 pages. Price $5.00 children. *** The Pilgrimage of Buddhism MRS. MARGARET M. WATSON, the widow By James B. Pratt – Author of "'The Religious Consciousneu." etc. of the late Dr. Andrew Watson, died in This is the first time that a detailed and syn- Cairo, Egypt, on January 11th at the thetic view of Buddhism as a whole, ancient age of ninety-five, twelve years after and modern, Southern and Northern, has been accomplished. A keen student of the her husband. She was born near St. psychology 0 f religion, the author has in his George, New Brunswick, Canada, on Au- travels throughout Buddhist lands gathered a vast amount of fascinating material which gust 23, 1833, and in 1861 went with he here interweaves with historical fact and interpretation to present ,n exhaustive reher husband to Egypt as missionaries of view of Buddhism as it has been practiced through the centuries and as it is lived tothe United Presbyterian Church. There day. they shared in fruitful missionary serv- "We have had a number of books on Bud- dhism, but not one tbat can equal this either ice and her quiet Christian influence of in literarY charm or in exact information." sixty-seven years still bears fruit. One -The ~Vitl1ess. Octavo, 800 pages.. Price, of her sons, Dr. Charles R. Watson, is $3.00.

7resident of the American University at Cairo.

*** MRS, GEORGE GRENFELL, the widow of the great Baptist missionary and ex- plorer, who went out from England to Africa in 1874, died recently in Jamacia, The Gospel for Asia West Indies. Few explorers in any part By Kenneth Saunders of the world have made such extensive This is a comparative study of three reliand valuable contributions to geograph- gious masterpieces-the Bhagavad-gita, the Scriptures of India; the Lotus Scriptures 0 f ical knowledge as did Dr. Grenfell. Japan; and the Fourth Gospel. It is a m:s- sionary book inasmuch as it offers the He married in 1879 Miss Rose Pa- Fourth Gospel to the Oriental world as that particular expression of the central Christience Edgerley, a member of that Afri- tian truth in terms which will appeal most to it. can race to whose welfare he devoted his life. His African bride proved to be "It is in the form and temper of the best apologetic of the times. It should be read a true helpmeet. Mrs. Grenfell's family and pondered by all for whom it is intended –moulders of religious thought and life."- had long resided in the West Indies, Jlltrl'1lotiolioi Re'"il'"w of Afissi01is. Price $2.50 but had returned under one of the early colonization schemes in connection with the liberation of the slaves to live in their native land, in mission colonies of negroes and Mullatoes formed on the Cameroon coast and on the Island of Fernando, Po.

For twenty-eight years Mrs. Gren- fell worked side by side with her hus- THE MACMILLAN COMPANY band and after his death in 1907 she 60 Fifth Avenue New York s~ttled in the West of England for a tIme, but subsequently went to Jamaica with her family.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIli:W OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. Her(~ are twenty-five missionaries, speaking twenty-three languages, selected and sent out by Mrs. Finley J, Sbepard of New York, through the mans and distributed pel"Sonal1y with the help of the American Tract Society and Christian workers in many Jands. The languages include–as numbered above-(l) Ruthenian, (2) Modern Russian, (3) Engllsh, (4) Arabic, (5) Armenian, (6) Armeno -Turkish, (7) French, (9) Bohemian, (10) Yiddish, (11) Swedish, (12) Portuguese, (14) Norwegian, (15) Poll"h, (16) Dutch, (17) Chinese, (19) Japanese, (20) Russian, (21) Hungarian, (22) Italian, (24) Latvian, (25) German. Others are in modern Greek, Spanish, and several Indian languages.

LII, No. 3 March,1929

THE MISSIONARY %eWO..,,-~ A STRATEGIC CENTER IN CENTRAL AMERICA BY REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D.D.,* Chicago, Illinois N OTHING can lessen our in- lations with organized religious in- terest in the experiment in fluence, so that evangelical work democracy now being tried is heavily handicapped. Christian- in China and, in other large areas, ity is never carried on well in but our interest should be retained cramped and restricted territory; in the complicated problems of Lat- it requires for its best expression in America where democracy is an interchange of leadership and being tried on smaller measur'e· relationships. Saying that only na- ments but with much energy. tionals of a given country can be South of the Rio Grande are six- it,s exponents may be a natural re- teen independent republics and five ply to ultra-foreign administration, dependencies, not reckoning the as it certainly is a reaction against island areas of the West Indies and ultra-foreign religious leadership, the Caribbean Sea. The three but it is contrary to the genius of Guianas (British, French, Dutch) religion as it would be to the genius in South America and British Hon- of art or science. To require that duras and Panama in Central no one can paint or sing or teach America are the dependencies, all science unless he is a citizen of a of them operating with a high de- given land would be held absurd, gree of independence. All the rest unless there had been adverse con- of this vast area is occupied by ditions which permitted it for a nations which maintain their in- brief period, and then it would be dependence and have done so for recognized as an admission of a many years. weakness soon to be overcome. Re- The republic of Mexico, with a stricting public religious ministries population of 15,500,000, is having to native Mexicans is a confession its notoriously difficult experiences of weakness, which the govern- in making adjustment to modern ment will soon surpass, and all ob- conditions and is reacting severely servers ought to be patient with from centuries of unfortunate re- it in view of the adverse experi- ences which have led to it.

• Dr, and ~fT-s, McMee aIHI Mr. aIH1 :IiI'S, Next south of Mexico come the "Talter Mcilougall buYe recently returned from five republics that make up Cenau interesting trip to Guatemala, as a deputu- tral America, running down to the ~~O~l t~~:Y~~:ia~OC:ur~fhl Fu~ei~: i~~~;;l~O~~ 165

Panama Canal. Below that, of the next level, nearly 5,000 feet course, are the ten republics cov- high. On most reaches of this level ering the area of South America, are rich coffee tincas, with various Brazil much the largest, with an woods also available. Above this area larger than the United States is stilI another level, running as of America. These ten republics high as 13,000 feet, the height of have a total population of at least the highest volcano-mountain. The 50,000,000. The Central American second city of the republic, Quezal- republics have 5,500,000 people, tenango, is nearly 8,000 feet above which bring the entire Latin Amer- sea level. Wheat, maize and coffee ican population on the main land grow on this level at many points.

to 71,000,000. A striking physical phenomenon is It should be familiar to all that observable not far from this sec- the southern part of the hemi- ond city-a mountain that is grow- sphere swings to the eastward so ing at the rate of 500 feet a year far that a line drawn from the and that is now about 3,000 feet United States straight sou t h high. Residents recall it when it misses South America entirely. appeared as a mere knotty bulge The hinge on which the hemisphere in the middle of a crater and have turns is the 'Central American re- seen it gradually rise, thrusting public of Guatemala. This is so up from the crater material which accurately true that a line drawn steadily falls from its summit and south from Chicago runs through is forming the sides of a mountain the capital of that republic, Guate- of much the same shape as those mala City, and almost immediately surrounding it. Most of it is still after passing it runs into the Pa- too warm because of its relation cific Ocean, all the territory south to the crater through which it of that point lying east of the line. comes to permit vegetation, but it This small land has other strategic is easy, to foresee the disintegra- points. In the days of a Central tion of its surface and the appear- American Federation it was the ance of verdure there. One stands capital of the Federation. Nicarau- at the door of the attractive evan- gua is slightly larger in area but gelical chapel at Palmar and ac- Guatemala is much larger in pop- cepts the growing mountain as a ulation and its location, running symbol of what is occurring over through from ocean to ocean, gives the entire land in the growth of it increased possibilities of influ- the evangelical movement. Mighty, ence. A good railroad crosses the upheaving forces are obviously at country with excellent terminals work to produce both phenomena.

on both coasts. Other railroads, The Religious Situation and even more automobile roads, are being built in its various sec- The religious situation in Guate- tions. mala is equally interesting. Like A Three·Storied Country all the Latin American republics it has been for centuries under Ro- Guatemala is physically interest- man Catholic influence, rising at ing. It is a three-storied country. times to dominance. Through all Part of it lies on the sea level and the centuries there has been a Ro- is rich in banana and other tropi- man Catholic opportunity at least, cal growth. The capital city is on and the actual condition of masses

A STRATEGIC CENTER IN CENTRAL AMERICA

of the people is a fact with which Church owned from one half to that church has to reckon. The three fourths of the area of the Minister of Education of the gov- country and this land was exernment says that the illiteracy is empted from taxation because denow 93 per cent arid this figure is voted to religion, though much of confirmed by the rector of the uni- it was income-producing. This put versity in the capitol. The living an impossible tax burden on the conditions of multitudes of people, rest of the land. The government the condition of many women, the held that it had been given by citiprevalence of concubinage, and zens directly or indirectly and it this depressing illiteracy are in- was all taken over as public propdictments of any organization that erty. All that was really used for has had a chance to change the so- religious purposes was continued DR. McAFEE AND AN EVANGELICAL CONGREGATION IN GUATEMALA These Christians are building their own church, which is ollIy pArtly completed.

cial order and has failed to do so. in that service under direction of Like all the Latin American re- the Church, while much of the republics, Guatemala has taken dras- mainder has been returned to taxtic courses against the control of able ownership, through grants or its life from without, even in the purchases. This makes a complimatter of religion, though it has cation for any religious agency, taken no such steps as those in for it cannot hold property direct- Mexico. One of the most drastic ly for this purpose. Various recrestrictions is the one which pro- ognized devices are used to make vides that no corporation, except religious work possible and these the government, can hold property devices have the full understandfor religious purposes. At the time ing of the government, whose ofof the revolution under the great ficials explain frankly that the patriot Barrios it was found that limitation is aimed at a condition under one device and another the which had become unsupportable.

Whether the immediate tendency and those who feel the pressure of is toward the stricter Mexican lim- the omnipresent materialism. The itations or back to normal and increase of wealth among the com- modern attitudes is not yet clear. paratively few has don e in A number of nationals counted the Guatemala what it does anywhere Mexican laws so unnecessary as to -it makes the restrictions of re- be impossible in Guatemala; other ligion irksome. This is a consid- observers were not so sure that erable group, if one niay judge by this is universal opinion. the talk and manner of people.

Four groups are discoverable in A third group consists of serious Guatemala with reference to reli- minded people who are deeply disgion. One group frankly accept satisfied with the Roman Church. and follow the Roman Church, con- Some of them hold on to it for tinuing its practices and support- lack of anything they can see that ing its methods. A new archbishop is better; some of them have abanwas consecrated in the cathedral doned the Church, but without rein Guatemala City recently and the nouncing religion or becoming exercises were carried through indifferent to religion. A . good with much pomp and ceremony. many converts in the evangelical It is impossible to estimate how churches witness to this group, large is this group of loyal Roman- which is of rather large dimenists. Their churches do not seem sions. largely attended, though occasional churches in the larger places One Million Indians may be exceptions. In most of the villages through which one passes A fourth group is very 'large, the church buildings appear run consisting of the unreached Indian down and unused, though many of population, many of them pagan them announce the occasions when in the historical sense. The Ina visiting priest will hear confes- dians of Guatemala are of the same sions and say masses. Inquiry- strain in general as those found shows that many of the religious in all the Latin American republics, observances are followed quite ig- totalling between ten and fifteen norantly, no one being quite sure millions. In Guatemala they conwhat they are all about. Bells are stitute more than half the popula- tion, which means that there are to be rung, processions to be over one million Indians in the formed and genuflections to be country. (The official population made, but just why is not so clear. figure for Guatemala is 2,119,000.) The naive intertwining of rem- These Indians are of the Maya nants of paganism with the newly stock and retain traditions which received Romanism is evident in connect them with this civilization.

remoter regions, as in most uncul- The government intends to Latin- tured sections of the world. ize them as rapidly as possible The second group consists of through education in the Spanish those who have frankly abandoned language, but this process goes on the Church, most of them having very slowly for lack of teachers adopted nothing at all instead. and funds and there are large These include patriots, who have areas where the Indian languages come to feel that the organization are the only ones of intimate per- is dangerous to national liberty, sonal intercourse. The three larg-

A STRATEGIC CENTER IN CENTRAL AMERICA

MEMBERS OF THE GUATEMALA MISSION AND THEIR FAMILIES est tribal groups, Cachiquels, laws which result in a form of pe- Quiches and Mams, are :unlike onage, that several slight efforts enough in speech to make common have been made to colonize evanconversation among them imprac- gelical believers in places where ticable. Their languages when re- they can acquire land and exercise duced to writing do not look nor their newly formed ambitions, but sound alike. The current tongue the results are numerically small of the land is Spanish, though it and the believers for the most part is not understood by all the Indians live among their friends of other nor .used in intimate dealings. The connections. Sometimes this is Roman Church leaders have not charged with difficulty because of taken these languages seriously local intolerance and oppression, enough to provide religious in- but even then it is apt to turn to struction in them and of course good because of the testimony that maintain their services in the Lat- is borne by their lives. When a in, which is not understood even former medicine-man or witch-docby the ordinary Spanish speaking tor, addicted like his friends to worshipers. This has produced a drink, turns from all such praccurious blend of paganism and Ro- tices and is freed from all drinkmanism in some sections and has ing, his f r i end s cannot be left other sections entirely pagan. indifferent to the change. Even a Interwoven with these four pop- casual visitor to one village was ulation groups is the relatively asked to explain the "medicine" small evangelical body, numbering which one such man had found only a few thousands, but drawn which made him able to withstand from all the other groups and the old temptations and put aside closely related personaliy to them. the old lucrative but fraudulent The industrial system of the coun- practices. That he had found J etry is so unusual, with large hold- sus Christ was his own explanation ings in a few hands and with debt but it was mystifying to his poorly

trained Roman-pagan friend. This a national leadership of a high or- believer's life had been attempted der adequate for the later move- several times but he was himself ments of the church. There are a challenging reality to his com- many earnest and dedicated pre- munity. Their wide distribution dicatores and simple hearted work- results in the building of little ers, but no Paul has yet ap- chapels in many villages according peared to take his place among the to the practice of the country leaders of the land, trained as their which permits the erection of an equals but aflame with the zeal of edifice as far as funds are avail- the Gospel. In so small a land a able, allowing it to wait at any regular theological seminary may stage until more money can be not develop, but Bible institutes found. Chapels are in use, there- already in existence should be de- fore, without walls, windows, seats, veloped and exceptional men may desk-merely used with whatever be sent to seminaries in Mexico or is there to use. Few of them have elsewhere around the Caribbean any money in them from outside area. This is to be one of the maj or the congregation and it may be topics for the Havana Conference some years before they are really in June, 1929, and all friends of finished. Meanwhile, the worship- Guatemala will be concerned to ing group bear their testimony and have it satisfactorily decided.

continue their expansion. The lines of evangelical mis- The Protestant Missions sionary work are much the same as those in other lands. Evangel- The few Protestant missionary istic witnessing is central here as bodies in Guatemala for the most elsewhere and in all the ways fa- part represent the smaller evan- miliar elsewhere. Nothing takes gelical units of America-the Naz- the place of the traveling preacher arenes, Seventh Day Adventists, and colporter, of tracts and pic- Primitive Methodists and Friends, tures, Scripture portions and Bible in addition to the Central Ameri- classes. All periodicals published can Mission and the Presbyterian in the country are carried free in Church in the U. S. A. The Cen- the mails and several evangelical tral American Mission is an un- papers are issued by various denominational age n c y, wit h groups. The illiteracy of the peo- headquarters in Dallas, Texas, op- ple naturally restricts such meth- erating on the "faith basis." The ods. This same illiteracy puts Presbyterian work is in and around educational work at a premium the capital and Quezaltenango, and several agencies have estab- with about 150 preaching points lished schools of various grades.

regularly occupied. There is a fair- The Presbyterians have two schools ly recognized allotment of terri- for girls and one small industrial tory, though this has never been school for boys. The girls' school made formal, and the working re- at QuezaItenango has been ex- lations among the missionaries and panded until it is a fully recognized evangelical nationals are generally normal teachers' college and lacks satisfactory. only one year of giving the B. A.

The weakest place in the evan- degree. Other agencies have gelical program seems to be in the schools and many of the evangeli- lack of well-laid plans for training cal chapels have local primary

A STRATEGIC CENTER IN CENTRAL AMERICA

schools supported by the people principal part of the population with occasional small subsidies and of the territory is dangerously from mission funds. remote from medical attention. The prevailing disease is malaria The close relation between reli- and the Rockefeller Foundation is gion and the physical life in pa- cooperating with the government g ani s m, represented by the in a systematic attack upon it. The "medicine-man" as the adviser of Presbyterians have acquired a site his followers in all matters, makes which will be used in part for a medical work almost imperative. tuberculosis sanitarium or rest Indians are accustomed to physical house in a non-malarial locality. guidance from their religious leaders. Missionaries who are recog- Considerable divergence exists nized as the new religious leaders in the form of organization of the OUTSIDE 'I' HE A)1ERICAN PRESBYTERIAN )USSION HOSPITAL IN GUATEMALA CITY are constantly being looked to for native church, partly owing to the guidance in sickness and distress. inherent independence of the An excellent hospital is maintained groups which have been formed. by the Presbyterians in Guatemala A very interesting type is that of City, with an extension service at the entirely independent "Presby- Quezaltenango and with a wider tery of Western Guatemala," ambulance service in prospect. around Quezaitenango. It consistf; There are many Guatemalan phy- of two ordained native ministers, sicians, but 85 per cent of them three ordained missionaries, and are located in the two principal one representative from each of cities where less than ten per cent the twelve organized "consistoof the people live. The United rios." A consistorio is made up of Fruit Company maintains much all the elders, deacons and deaconexcellent medical service in which esses of a given territory, selected native employees share. But the from any "preaching points" in

that territory and meeting at least were recently ordained there by monthly for conference. This con- the Presbyterian Mission. These 8i8torio is responsible for all the two Presbyteries would readily preaching points of its territory constitute a Synod and can invite and the "predicators" work under the representatives of all the other its direction until they become or- Mission groups to unite with them dained ministers when they pass in a national evangelical body. It under the guidance directly of the is a long step toward an indige- Presbytery. Whenever a preaching nous church in Guatemala. Its weakness lies in its lack of well point develops elders and other trained native leadership. One of officers of sufficient number and the most aggressive and well orcharacter to become independent, ganized native churches in mission it is made the center of another lands is the Central Church of con8i8torio and given responsibil- Guatemala City, whose pastor is a ity for its territory. It is a modi- mIssIOnary but whose Sunday fication of the familiar "parish sys- School superintendent, teachers tem" to which the Roman Church and officers, are virtually all nahas accustomed the people. Each tives of the land. It is doubtful consistorio sends one elder to the if there is a Guatemalan minister Presbytery and this body has large of any evangelical group who could be wisely placed in charge of its powers. Its evangelistic committee pulpit at this time and be expected has the assignment of evangelistic to make from it the appeal which funds made available by the Pres- the church should make to the men byterian Board for its Mission and of light and leading who constitute the cooperation between the Mis- the leadership of the country. sion and the Presbytery is neces- Such men will emerge as the years sarily very close and constant. The go along and at any time the Spirit system itself is worth the study of of God may select a man on a Daother lands. The existing Presby- mascus road around whom the tery framed its own creed, its own growing forces of Guatemala can rules of order, its own system of rally in their movement toward the work. It is hoped that another Kingdom of God in their beautiful Presbytery will be erected imme- land. diately around the capitol, centering about five native ministers who NUGGETS FROM AN AMERICAN BOARD MEETING "Mohammedans are so proud of their religion that they forget their race; Christians so proud of race they forget religion."- Dr. Frank Laubach of the PhiUppine8.

"The finest things in Gandhi's character are those first preached by Jesus Christ."-Dr. E. Stanley Jone8 ()f India.

"The Christian Church today faces decay, due to inertia. It needs new life."-Mahatma Gandhi, quoted by Dr. JOlles.

"It's always easier to get money for stomachs than for brains; for famines than for faculties."-Miss I.sabelle MacCausland of Japan.

'rI-I1D LI'l'TLFl C H UIlC I-I ON W HFl ~; LS-~'O R OU1'DOOR EVANGE

A CITY CHURCH AND THE UNCHURCHED BY REV. A. Z. CONRAD, Boston, Massachusetts P as t or 0/ t h. e PaT!.; ti tree t Gongreguti01wl Ch rtr cli.

I NCREASING thousands never starts something. Even death step inside of a church. If they yields to LIFE. are ever to be saved from their How shall we go about it. Let sins some one must establish a con- me mention a few of the effective tact with them, to bring them into ways other than the ordinary contact with Christ. Until they church activities.

hear the Gospel there is no hope. First, there is the "Win One Worldly attactions multiply. Defi- More" method which enlists the nite opposition becomes aggressive. entire church membership in evan- Pronounced atheism is one of the gelistic work. No church can be- least of our h'oubles for the mass come a soul-winning church with- of humanity will not be turned out a soul-winning leader. The aside from some sort of a faith in first essential in r eaching the un- God by the blatant utterances of churched is to know they are lost atheists. until they are saved.

Our trouble is with the negative Every member of the church attitude of millions. They simply should be made to feel that the one do not care. Inertia is hard to great vocation of every saved man, overcome, but it can be overcome. woman and child is to save some A genuine Christian, in contact one else by a simple testimony and with apparently hopeless unbelief, a ppeal.

173

That is churchwide evangelism. In Boston some seven years ago It can be effectively worked. Not we built a church on wheels with every member of the church will all the features of a church build- undertake the task but many will. ing-with a steeple and church The opportunity to witness for windows, and with a radio receiv- Christ is far greater than people ing set so that notable evangelistic know until they try it. In store, preaching can be heard by the shop, factory, everywhere there is crowd. We put that little church a chance to tell the "Blessed on the chassis of an automobile, so Story." that it runs to different sections of The second method is STREET the city. It carries an organ, sing- EVANGELISM. Here is one of the ers freely give their services and most effective lines of Christian Christ is proclaimed from its plat- activity. It is most encouraging to form. It is called "The Little note the readiness with which peo- Church on Wheels." Ministers and ple will gather to hear a real live laymen, who are known as soul- witness for Jesus Christ tell the winners, tell the simple story of "Old, Old Story." In most cities Salvation from night to night. It permission can be secured to tell is supported by a group of evan- the glad tidings in the open air. gelical churches. Tracts are freely Not everyone is adapted to this distributed by the workers. No sort of work. It takes a special one can measure the results of this type of man, one who is clear work. Always people are saved.

headed, sympathetic and who The Park Street Church has also knows his Bible, to do street work organized Missions that are doing well. a wonderful work among the for- Here we can utilize the abilities eign born in Boston. Social service of laymen. When the heart is filled work for immigrants is good with Divine Love and the individ- enough of its kind but it is no sub- ual is dead in earnest, he can al- stitute for Christian evangelism.

ways gain a hearing. The street Settlement work does little good pulpit could be made to reach more compared with the heart appeal to people than the churches if laymen "COME TO JESUS." Soap and sun- and ministers realized the power shine are good but they never yet there is in the wonderful message changed a heart. The change of of God's love. Most people unsaved direction from down to up is not are not satisfied with themselves. wrought by a better parish house.

They know that something is Definite evangelistic mISSIOn wrong. Always there are those work does bring people to God.

sick of their own sinning. There The day of MISSIONS has not gone.

are others who suffer from be- The need is very great right now.

reavements and who want to know The "slum" has passed where the more about the futUre life. A mil- beneficent influence of prohibition lion people a year could be saved has been felt but there are still if street preaching were done by godless localities that breed all gifted speakers among the laymen sorts of iniquity. Definite mission of all the churches. We will have work in these centers will do a vast to take up this work or the slump deal of good that street preaching in religious interest will become alone can not do. It affords a ral- more and more acute. lying center for seekers after God.

A CITY CHURCH AND THE UNCHURCHED

Another means of reaching the self or herself and fall down in unchurched is the radio. Whatever contrition and confession with the may be the disadvantages. the fact cry "God be merciful to me a sinis hundreds of people, yes tens of ner." We have regularly broadthousands. have become interested cast our Sunday evening church in the salvation of their own souls service for five years, and letters through the message sent out on by the hundreds show that the the air. We have known many persons applying for church member- WORD of God has borne fruit. In any way and every way let us ship who had been converted by the radio proclamation of Redemp- go after the lost sheep. The masses tion. The church should be more do not go to church. If they are eager and alert to utilize this latest to be saved it will be because we method of reaching a large audi- go to them in love and lead them ence. A man or woman listening to the light as it is in Christ. We alone to the message of GRACE DI- must have greater faith in our VINE may come to grips with him- Lord's words "I. if I be lifted up will draw all men unto me."

PRACTICAL WORK FOR FOREIGNERS Lawrence, Massachusetts, has a very When children told their parents large foreign-speaking population, a that literature could be had in their large number of whom are anxious to own language, assistance was relearn English as quickly as possible. quired to distribute it wisely. Literature in their native tongues is largely of the character that prejudices Here is a great opportunity for efthem against American institutions, fectual service. It is an opportunity and against the Church of Christ, for direct personal contact with the which they think is a conspiracy to people who cannot understand English, promote capitalism. The better ele- but who are eager to read the mesment among these foreign immigrants sage in their tongue! seeks a higher grade of literature, but it is not always available. In the meantime, Mr. William A. Rich, a Christian salesman of the In 1922, the American Tract So- Nitrose Company, is continuing alone ciety and the Massachusetts Bible So- to pass the word of truth along, going ciety made generous grants of Gospel to clubrooms, coffee houses, the County literature in several languages. The jail, hospitals, city homes and elseresponse from some of the foreigners where, teaching children, speaking was such that the demand increased briefly to groups who have learned until now Gospel messages are dis- some English and distributing literatributed in eighteen tongues. ture to others.

Most of the children do not learn Several related activities have also to read their mother tongue, so that been li'ndertaken, such as taking men left-over Sunday-school literature is to Americanization classes, aiding used for them. A generous quantity them to procure accident compensahas come from five denominational tion, aiding in matters of health, churches in the city where the needy family and business problems. Mr. ones reside. These papers have been Rich gives his services freely, and rescued from furnace fires for a better those helped are saved many dollars purpose. in professional fees and are very ap- preciative of what is done for them.

OF PROGRESS IN

BY REV. WILLIAM ARNOT MATHER, Paotingfu, China T HE friends of China who to Russia, the one nation which hailed the Revolution of 1911 seemed to promise China fair play as the attainment of a true and treatment as an equal? He republic have had long and anxious died without realizing how this years of cumulative disillusion- new ally and advisor was using ment, when the losses loomed China as a pawn in her own game larger than the gains. Some of furthering world-wide revolu- thoughtful Chinese had even prac- tion. Already at the opening of tically given up hope for their 1927 Chiang Kai-shek began to de- country and were beginning to tect the secret designs of the Rus- wonder whether dismemberment sian advisers in the government among the Powers would be an un- and to take measures to thwart mixed evil. The events of the last them. But it took the Nanking two years especially have given the outrage of March, the raid on the pessimists still further grounds for Russian Embassy in April, and the discouragement. Yet these very Red Revolt in Canton in December, events, viewed in the perspective to convince the Nationalists as a of the whole revolutionary struggle whole that communism must be up to date, afford more ground for cast out.

hope than even the spectacular It was far easier for China to transformation of 1911-12. enlist the help of these treacherous The failures of China's patriots allies than it has been for her to hitherto cannot all be laid either to extricate herself from the conse- quences of their perfidy. Comtheir impracticable idealism or to munism is lurking in every part of their internal feuds. Much must China, and the burden of milibe charged to the perfidy of those tarism still makes millions groan. in whom they put their trust. Yet the improvement in less than First it was Yuan Shih-k'ai who two years is remarkable, to say the failed – the "strong man" who least. seemed necessary as president to bring the original revolution to Political Unity fruition. That astute politician Of the manifold progress being sacrificed every patriotic ideal to made, perhaps the most striking is further his own interests, and sad· in the political realm. Two years died the nation with a burden of ago only a few provinces in the militarism which has been its curse south and center of the country ever since. Again, the Allies failed, were controlled by the National- when, after China had given of her ists. Later most of the Yangtse man power and her influence to valley was added, and by June, further their cause, they at the 1928, practically the whole country Versailles Conference rebuffed the was united under the new National very aspirations which they had flag, with the exception of the encouraged. Is it great wonder province of Manchuria. On De- that Sun Yat-sen in despair turned cember 29th, last year, however, 176 the new flag was flying there also, meeting has now been postponed and while Chang Hsueh-liang, the until March 15th. It is looked foryoung governor, may be in a num- ward to with some apprehension, ber of matters more conservative because some of the more radical than the men in Nanking, and will elements in the party hope then to probably not follow their policy in obtain sufficient power to turn the everything, yet his union with the present moderate leaders out of central government appears to be office. Under the Central Execusincere. Japan twice ordered him tive Committee is the Supervisory not to join the Nationalists, but Council, the chairman of which is has had to submit to the inevitable. Chiang Kai-shek, who is ex officio Chinese emigrants from Shantung President of the Government of and other provinces are pouring China. Under this Council are the into Manchuria by the million five Yuan, or branches of governyearly, and Japan is losing the ment. Three of these correspond hope of making it another Korea. to those in the American govern- This all bodes well for the strength ment, Executive, Legislative and and unity of the country. Judicial. Two are adaptations of ancient Chinese practice, the Su- So far as appears on the surface, pervisory Yuan, for impeachment a remarkable unification of aim of unworthy officials, and the Exalso has been brought about during amination Yuan, for conducting the last two years. The commu- civil service examinations of all nists have been suppressed. The aspirants for public office. There militarists apparently have sub- are also ten ministers correspondmitted themselves to the civil au- ing to the cabinet officers in the thority. They are ceasing to com- United States, though with posmandeer railway rolling stock, and sibly more authority. The governhave promised to keep their hands ment frankly states that it is not off railway earnings. Military representative at present, though commanders are to have no juris- its ultimate aim is a thoroughly diction over the districts in which democratic one; but that this their troops are quartered, and the scheme has been devised for the army is to be reduced to 600,000 present "period of tutelage" until men. How far this has been al- illiteracy has been overcome and ready accomplished, it' is difficult the people have been taught the to say. But beginnings of dis- principles of representative govbandment have been reported for ernment. some time. Christians in the Cabinet Like Russia and Italy, China is now under one-party government, The leading men in this governthat of the Kuomintang, or Peo- ment are not only moderate in ple's Party. No other party is per- their political views, but are many mitted. The ultimate authority of of them returned students and exthis party is supposed to rest in ceptionally well qualified for the the National Assembly, a body work they have undertaken. Wang partly appointed by the Central Chung-huei, Chairman of the Ju- Executive Committee, and partly dicial Yuan, is the leading jurist in elected by local Kuomintang coun- the country, and T. V. Soong, Mincils. This body was scheduled to ister of Finance, is remarkably meet on January first, but the 2

well suited to his position. The cluded with the United States, Minister for Foreign Affairs, C. and eleven other nations, includ- T. Wang, though criticized by the ing Japan, which have ipso facto radical element in his own country, recognized the new government.

has made a remarkable record of Five of these nations, Belgium, diplomatic achievement in a short Italy, Denmark, Portugal, and time, and the Vice-chairman of the Spain have also agreed, under cer- Executive YUan and Minister for tain reasonable conditions, to Military Affairs, Feng Yti-hsiang, renounce extraterritoriality on though self-taught, has by the January 1, 1930. The more radical sheer force of his personality risen elements of the Kuomintang have to one of the highest positions in always insisted that such equality the government. What is more of status could be achieved by astonishing, these men and two China only through force and by other cabinet ministers, HsUeh Tu- unilateral denunciation of former pi and H. H. K'ung, the latter a treaties. But this record of treaties lineal descendent of Confucius, are already signed has proved that the all Christians, some of the second Powers have enough confidence in or third generation. Altogether, the stability and friendliness of in the government offices of Nan- the present government to yield without pressure what the radicals king, there are some three hundred believed could only be wrested by Christians, and a prayer meeting force. It is to be hoped that the for their beloved country and for United States and Great Britain wisdom in ruling it, is. held reg- will speedily follow suit in promularly. Marshall Feng has been ising to yield extraterritoriality, cruelly slandered and misrepre- so that the hands of the present sented by some foreign newspapers government may be thus strengthin China and has been much dis- ened against the radicals, and appointed in some of the Christian China may be assured that our chaplains which he got from mis- protestations of friendship are sion institutions for his army. genuine. This and his visit to Russia have undoubtedly cooled his "first love." Social Progress Yet not long ago, he and fifteen of Along the lines of social prog- his generals, spent two days in a ress the new government has had mission compound as guests of old little time to function as yet.

missionary friends there, showing Nevertheless, there has been ad- every mark of appreciation of vance. Contrary to the ideas of Christian love and sympathy. The many in the West, the custom of personal religious life of one who foot-binding continues in at least rises daily at five for Bible study the rural districts of the greater and prayer can hardly be consid- part of China. Against this prac- ered dead. tice the new government has or- International Relations ganized wide-spread propaganda and will undoutebdly bring other One of the most convincing pressure to bear. General Chang proofs of progress by the present Chih-chiang, Marshal Feng's for- government is in the field of in- mer chief of staff, a Christian of ternational relations. Treaties of unusual zeal and consecration, has tariff reciprocity have been con- been appointed chairman of the

SIGNS OF PROGRESS IN CHINA

Opium Suppression Bur e au, education has been going from bad though for some unexplained reas- to worse. The military chest must on, the Bureau very badly misman- always be kept full, and education- aged the Kiangan opium smuggling al grants were usually the first to case, and Chang Chih-chiang has suffer. Lack of funds hampers the tendered his resignation. It is to present government also, as the re- be hoped that what China almost duction of the military establish- accomplished many years ago may ment is hardly appreciable as yet.

be brought to full completion in the However, a system of mass edu- near future. Efforts are also be- cation promoted by James Yen, ing made in some quarters to limit Mrs. Hsiung Hsi-ling, and others, the consumption of liquor and to- has seized the imagination of the bacco, especially that of foreign country, and has been carried on importation, but it is too early to by volunteer teachers in number- prophesy about these plans. .less places. A phonetic script of According to Wang Chung-huei, forty letters, based upon Chinese the government's purpose is ulti- idiograms, has been quite widely mately to extend the franchise to used for a number of years, espe- every adult member of the popula- cially by Christians. But this is tion without regard to sex. A very now to be replaced by an alphabet recent judicial decision, which is of Roman letters devised by T'sai viewed as an important precedent, Yuan-p'ei, Chairman of the Super- has granted to the daughter of a visory Yuan, and others, which deceased millionaire a share equal will gain much greater currency if to that which her brother receives. it is properly pushed by the gov- Already women are taking office ernment. The great objective is to in the government. Among the reduce to negligible proportions members of the Legislative Yuan the illiteracy which handicaps are a Miss Cheng and the Presi- eighty per cent of the men and dent's wife, Mrs. Chiang, a gradu- boys and far more than ninety per ate of Wellesley and a Christian cent of the women and girls. The woman of rare charm. government has in contemplation For some time past Christian a complete system of compulsory organizations, notably the National education, with the necessary com- Christian Council, have been agi- plement of schools of higher grade.

tating for better conditions among Meanwhile the government real- the industrial population. As an izes the advantages of the Chris- answer to this, a new factory law tian educational institutions on the has been drafted and will probably ground. There is still a certain soon be put into effect. This pro- amount of agitation which would vides for reasonable conditions of seek to suppress them entirely as dismissal, the eight hour day, rest a denationalizing agency. The and recreation, a minimum wage present government, however, sees scale, distribution of profits, sani- their value, and only desires that tary and safety devices, and the they should register with the Min- humane treatment of apprentices. istry of Education. The educa- Education and Christianity tional authorities claim that the restrictions imposed by the latest During the internecine strife of rules for registration are not prej- the last few years, government udicial to the Christian character

and purpose of the schools, but are news to those who have not yet designed to preserve and standard- heard a whisper of it. ize the Chinese racial type and ideals. If this claim proves to be The last two years have witwell founded, there is no reason nessed the first actual functioning why Christian schools may not be of the Church of Christ in China. continued under the present re- Complete church union is still far gime. from being realized in China, though mission comity is so gen- Of the progress of the Christian erally observed that comparative- Church in China during the last ly few Chinese Christians are troubled by denominational rivaltwo years there can be no doubt. ry. But this is the first construc- To be sure, there has been whole- tive effort on a large scale to sale destruction of property by realize the ideal which almost all Christians cherish. soldiers, and for much of this the mission boards are asking no in- There is a great striving on the part of Chinese Christians to make demnity. But in some cases this the Church indigenous. Architecmay prove a blessing in disguise, ture, music, liturgies, and creeds imported from the West, many freeing the Church from the look askance upon. This is all to domination of material problems. the good. The Church of Christ There has also been serious per- must find itself. Its roots must secution of Christians, especially strike deep into the religious conwhere Communists were in power. sciousness of the nation and adapt Several have even laid down their itself to their peculiar needs. lives for their faith. But un- China's religious heritage is of doubtedly this has purged the great value in interpreting to the Church of many unworthy mem- people in language they can underbers, and those who have proved stand their deepest religious longsteadfast have been strengthened ings and the unsearchable riches in purpose and have been led to put of Christ that alone are adequate their faith less in human agency to satisfy them. Light is still to and more in the unfailing re- break forth from God's Word in sources of the living God. Indeed, Chinese hearts and to be mediated places where the Church was by them to the Church Universal. sorely tested have even reported Missionaries are sympathetic with revivals and many accessions to such aspirations and are glad to their membership. second every effort of Chinese Christian leaders to make the Great numbers of missionaries Church more truly express their had to be evacuated. But this own genius. But of course this threw new responsibility upon the movement needs wise guidance, Chinese Christians, who have for syncretism will never build an taken up the new burdens with indigenous church, as is attested heroism, and have thus had the by the fate of the Nestorians, who most practical possible training in compromised with Buddhism. The Christian leadership. The mission- greatest hope of the indigenous aries are now returning in great church is perhaps to be found numbers, and rejoice to assist where it is least heralded and least these tested colleagues in their Christian enterprise, or else to go to regions beyond to tell the good

self-conscious, and that is in the their worship without supplying small groups springing up spon- anything better in their place. But taneously in the country, when it affords a wonderful opportuhumble Christians, exulting in the nity to turn their thoughts to Him new faith they have found in who must be worshiped in spirit longer established centers, return and in truth.. And everywhere the to their homes, gather about them people are open to the Christian neighbors and kinsmen, and volun- message as never before. The antitarily assume the leadership of the religionists are vocal in the larger group, expecting no salary and centers. But in the rural districts, asking no financial help for their where eighty-five per cent of the simple needs. Such a movement is .people live, homes are thrown open already going on, with the cordial to the messengers in villages never cooperation of missionaries, and is reached before, the villagers turn also looked upon as one of the most out night after night to hear, fruitful and promising methods of hearts are touched, lives are winning the remoter and less evan- changed, and new outposts are gelized portions of the country. won.

The Government and Religion When we realize that all this progress is affecting one-fourth of The new government is taking the whole human family, we cana hand in religious matters, evi- not but be glad for the opening dently with a view to making vistas beyond of international coprogress in the sloughing off of operation and mutual service. But superstition. A recent proclama- most of all can Christians rejoice tion reads something like this: in the new liberty and opportunity "Ancestral temples, if the ances- which this peace and progress is tral worship tends to preserve the bringing to the growing church in upright racial characteristics of the people, temples belonging to China, and for the leavening inestablished religions (the worship fluence which the Church, in turn, of exemplary figures in history, will increasingly exert in every religion with a moral creed and phase of national progress. It cerclean history)-these may stand. tainly means much to the new But idol-worship and immorality government that so many men of must go." When the idols in the Christian character have been temple of the god of the wall and available to take positions of remoat of Paotingfu' were recently sponsibility. This is a direct con- smashed, some wept, others cursed, tribution of missions. Especially while one old priest carried away can we hope much from the de- for kindling wood pieces of the voted Christian womanhood of very idols which he had served so China as it accepts the challenge long. It is a questionable policy, of the new freedom which Chris- thus to take away the objects of tian progress is bringing.

A praying church at home means a conquering church abroad. Nothing so much encourages the missionary as the knowledge that those at home are bearing him up on the wings of their prayers. James Gilmour said, "Unprayed for, I feel like a diver at the bottom of the river with no air to breathe; or like the fireman with an empty hose in a burning building."

"Prayer and the New Life," by W. F. Richardson.

HOME MISSION TASK

BY REV. JAY S. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa.

STRICTLY speaking, the task stitution. The home mission en- of nationally organized home terprise stands ready to step aside missions is not to Christianize in any given community as soon as America. To be sure, America the church in that community is sorely needs to he Christianized, able to get along without home but that is the task of the Chris- missionary help. Ideally it is the tian Church. The organized home business of nationally organized mISSIOn enterprise is not the home missions to work itself out Church nor is it the sum total of of a job just as soon as possible.

the activities of all the churches. As a practical matter of fact, how- The essential job of nationally or- ever, the responsibility of nation- ganized home missions is to help ally organized home missions is, make the Church, with a well- in spite of the enormous achieve- rounded program of worship, evan- ments of the past, far greater to- gelism, religious education and day than when the enterprise was community ministry, available in launched somewhat more than a communities where, without this century ago. help, such a church with such a This fundamental conception, program would not exist. What- that the home mission enterprise ever else home missions may ac- is built about the church as a com- complish, if it fails here it fails in- munity institution and that it deed. will succeed or fail in proportion The program of home missions as it succeeds or fails in carrying is concerned primarily with the out this fundamental purpose of Church as a community institu- making adequate churches with tion; with the organization of adequate programs available in all churches in communities where communities, does not mean that they do not exist; with the pro- home mission agencies shall never viding of adequate and trained engage in any sort of work other leadership in communities which than that directly related to local for one reason or another are not church programs. It does mean, able to provide such facilities and however, that the primary and de- such leadership for themselves; termining program of horne mis- and with the increasing of the ef- sions has to do with local churches ficiency of churches with programs in particular communities and now inadequate to meet the needs with the establishment of such in- of their respective communities. stitutions on a self-sustaining basis The home mission enterprise is as soon as feasible. It is the bu<:;ibuilt upon the basic assumption of ness of horne missions to mini~ter the worthwhileness of the ministry religiously to certain types of comof Christian churches in local com- munities until such a time as the munities, just as our public edu- task can he turned over to local cational systems are built upon the leadership and be maintained from conviction of the worthwhileness local resources.

of the school as a community in- The conducting of schools and 182 colleges and the maintaining of of such education indicates clearly eleemosynary institutions, which that only under very exceptional under certain special conditions conditions should home mission may have seemed or may still seem funds be used to maintain schools to be desirable adjuncts of the and colleges. Higher education home mission enterprise, is not even among exceptional groups fundamental to the task of home should not be primarily or perma- missions. In general, even among nently a home missionary task. To what we have sometimes called our divert home mission funds into under-privileged groups, we must such channels is to run the risk of and should depend upon state sup- failure in the one task which is ported schools for the furnishing essentially the home mission task, of both elementary and advanced and for which no other agency is education to all groups under the responsible, namely, the providing United States flag. Both from the of religious ministry for local com- standpoint of expense and of pub- munities.

lic policy, home missionary agen- Nor is the hospitalization of cies cannot, except under very un- America a home mission task. Hos- usual conditions, afford to compete pitals are greatly to be desired, but with or to duplicate the program they must be made available by of the public schools. Allowing for agencies other than those of na- exceptions to the rule and recog- tionally organized home mission nizing the important part played bodies. The home mission task by home mission schools in raising committed to the home mission up leaders, we must still face the boards of America can never be fact that the maintaining of home accomplished by the multiplication missionary schools is and should of hospitals.

be a decreasing factor in home The Community Approach mISSIOns. We must also face the limitations and the social dangers The approach of home missions of maintaining such enterprises on is essentially the community ap- a racial basis in communities proach, and the interest of home where public school segregation no missions is prim!lTily t~1::"t of the longer exists or never has existed. Christian Church.

The enormous advance in public The home mission enterprise is !:'chool procedure and support dur- interested in the following three ing recent decades adds additional types of communities: weight to the statement above 1. Communities which, for one made. When we consider higher reason or another, are unab!e to education the practical question of provide a religious ministry with- support again arises. Higher edu- out aid from outside of the com- cation is so expensive that most munity. Such communities include mission boards have never in their sparsely settled rural communities entire history received as much and communities suffering from money as is represented by the special economic handicaps.

building and endowment invest- 2. Communities which may not ment of certain individual univer- be suffering from economic handi- sities now open to representatives caps or from sparse population, of any class or racial group. Were but in which, because of the indif- there no other reason, the expense ference on the part of adults, re-

ligious work will not be maintained line with the essential missionary without aid from outside of the task of extending a well-rounded community. Polyglot sections in church ministry to groups not now many of our great cities are typi- reached by such ministry. cal, also Mormon communities and some industrial centers. In these The home mission enterprise sections religious work may yield must depend upon denominational large returns, particularly in the legislative bodies to speak in matlives of the growing boys and girls, ters of theology, creeds, ecclesiaswhile, at the same time, it is im- tical organizations and even upon possible to arouse enough interest such questions as international among the adult population to de- peace, inter-racial relations, temvelop a self-supporting work. perance and similar matters ….. . 3. In communities w her e In the field of church efficiency, churches now exist, and possibly maintain themselves without out- as that is related to the ways of side help, but where the church doing things, such as the best way program is entirely inadequate to to make a local parish survey, the meet the religious needs of the best way to conduct a financial various grou'ps to be found in the program, the best way to build a church, the best way to conduct a communities in question. program of evangelism and in sim- To put the matter another way, ilar fields, our boards of home mis- sions can assume to speak with home mission agencies have two some authority, not the authority main tasks: to help maintain re- of autocrats, but the authority of ligious work in communities where trusted servants who by virtue of such subsidy is necessary, and to long experience and broad and increase the efficiency of churches in all types of communities where varied contacts know more about churches are failing to meet the the job as a whole than anyone religious needs of their communi- else. ties with a reasonably adequate program of religious ministry. The organization of the various departments in our home mission It is a home missionary task to boards during the past generation enter an 'Indian Reservation and and the employment of experts in establish a church for three hun- various fields of local church endred Indians otherwise neglected, deavor have been a recognition of but it is equally a home missionary this very important function of task to persuade an organized self- home mission boards, and there is supporting church to include in its reason to believe that, as the work ministry three hundred persons of of home missions progresses, this foreign birth residing in that com- phase of the enterprise will assume munity, but previously neglected relatively greater importance. by the Church, and to show that Church how to do the new job. In If it is a missionary task to raise the one case the actual expenditure and expend a million dollars in of home mission funds in a local home missionary work from a cencommunity may be involved, while tral budget, it is also a missionary in the other case no such direct ex- task to employ a skilled workman penditure may be necessary, but in who will assist local communities to raise from their own resources each instance the procedure is in a similar amount of money for ex- penditure in a similar type of

THE HOME MISSION TASK TODAY

work. As a matter of fact we have tension, taken in its broadest already in the employ of home mi§.- meaning, and of local church effision agencies single individuals ciency, the home mission boards of whose work has resulted in the America have a task sufficient to raising of millions of dollars for challenge the imagination, capalocal enterprises which would bilities and resources of the folotherwise not have been raised. lowers of Jesus Christ. This money did not pass through a central treasury, but it accom- One might hope for a time when plished home mission ends. all communities in America would be able and wi11ing to support their One aim of home mission boards own church enterprises. At presshould be to secure as large and as ent such a situation seems far in speedy local support for all home the distance, but it is doubtful missionary enterprises as possible. whether the time will ever come There is nothing to be gained by when the Protestant churches can supporting an enterprise from a wisely do away with some national national treasury, if by some ex- agencies, corresponding to the pert guidance the local enterprise can be so organized as to become home mission boards as at present .self-supporting. In the past, local organized, to act as clearing houses communities have been left too for the best methods of work in much to their own devices with the local parishes, to blaze new trails consequent result that local re- of service, to hold up ideals of sources have frequently not been parish survey, organization and adequately developed. The develop- program and to stimulate local ment of these local resources both workers to more effective enin terms of money and leadership deavor. is a distinctly missionary function which in many cases home mission At the risk of pointing out the boards are already equipped to obvious we may call attention to perform, and at which they are in the fact that the interpretation of a limited way already at work. home missions in terms of church This is surely a field where home and community as already sugmh,3ionary effort can and should gested will help to relieve the home be greatly expanded. missionary enterprise of the long- standing and increasingly un- And what applies to this field of fortunate obsession that home finance applies also to the many missions is a matter of one particother phases of local church effi- ularly fortunate race doing someciency. The promotion of evangel- thing for a group of other less ism, of larger parish organizations, fortunate races, or of people born of better building programs, of in some favored spot ministering city and rural missionary societies, to others who have chanced to be of community service, worship and born at other places. religious education programs, of a seven-day-a-week ministry to boys Many studies show that this traand girls and young men and wom- ditional conception is contrary to en, and similar activities, has been, the facts in the case, and, were is, and should be even more the that not true, the time has arrived task of home mission boards. when to continue to think in such terms will serve only to defeat us In the two fields of church ex- in the accomplishment of the very ends toward which we strive.

TWO RHODESIA" BOYS OF' THE AF'I(!(,.: BUSH SCHOOL

YOUTH OF

BY MAX YERGAN, M.A., Alice, Cape Province, South Africa aeneral Secretary of the South African Work of the International Y. M. C. A.

SEVENTY-ONE years ago Da- eyes and look on the fields, for they vid Livingstone thrilled and are white already to harvest." In challenged Great Britain and a very real sense this was true of America with his recital of what Africa in Livingstone's time; it he had seen and felt in the Africa is more true today. In the same of his day. His story was a re- sense in this brief article I too beg strained but convincing description to direct your attention to the of the horrors of the slave trade. youth of Africa. With an understanding that knew Any consideration of African that attention directed to the re- youth of today and tomorrow must be made in the light of tremendous moval of this curse from the land forces which have served to shape their life and that today are casting would be bound to give itself to the mold into which that life must other needs of the people of Africa more or less fit. he pursued his great ideal, t~ healing of "the open sore." On through his journeys and work in In the first place there is that Africa and his addresses in Britain vast background of indiginous down to his lonely death in Chitam- African life. We do not know a bo's village he made his magnifi- great deal about it but it had with- cent appeal to the conscience of in it forces which fitted African the Western WorId. youth more or less for the life- That appeal, spread though it experiences they would have. The was over years of loneliness and duties of manhood, the responsi- ceaseless travel, and written lit- bilities of life within the tribe, erally in the blood of the man who methods of the hunt, or raising cat- made it, may nevertheless be ex- tIe and to a degree of agriculture, pressed in Livingstone's now clas- methods of house 'and home buildsic sentence: "I beg to direct your ing-all these were a part of the attention to Africa." In these training of African youth of the eight words there is the epitome past. of a volume. They may be said to Then there was another body of' represent the anguished cry of mil- training, tradition and experience Hons of this continent who have which dealt with the less tangible suffered in the past or are today but nevertheless just as real things in sore need. They are in a large of life. I refer to the customs, measure the hope of those who la- taboos, and that mysterious realm bor in Africa today, who are ap- of the spirit world wherein are pealing to and waiting upon the found belieffl and practices many force of an enlightened public of which. when unden'ltood, comol)inion both within and without mand l'eflpect becaufle they are well the continent. reasoned and are a part of the The words of David Livingstone metaphysical speculation as well must have been inspired by that as the natural religious gifts of all utterance of Jesus: "Lift up your peoples. The Greeks, the Romans 167

and the Egyptians, no less than traditions, at least suggests anpeople of today were all character- other. ized by such mystical beliefs and practices. How could it be other- The inevitable consequence of a wise when we face such mysterious clash within the rules or laws of forces as life and death? social or religious thinking and acting is at least a temporary pe- Without doubt there were in riod of social and religious weakthose past ages, and there are oc- ness. That, one maintains, is in a casionally in our own day in the large measure the position of Afmore primitive and remote sections rican youth today. The plain fact, of Africa, (I will not refer to sec- as we shall presently see, is that tions of the civilized world), or- while there is much in Africa's deals and horrors of a revolting own past that is good and infinitely nature. Ignorance has been and is worth retaining, indeed must be responsible for so much shame and retained, it has been tuned to a suffering t hat one is always life which exists on a basis that tempted to make a plea for light is different and is increasingly difand more light; as a matter of fering from the basis of that life fact that is the object of this pa- which Africans of today and toper. "The light that lighteth every morrow must live. Even if Africa man's life,"-that is what is had had fewer contacts with the wanted for this youth of Africa. outside world there would contin- ually exist the utmost necessity of It is not necessary to point out purifying and improving her own that much of the assets of Africa's indiginous heritage. No thoughtheritage was and is based on a life ful African may say that pristine in which, and as a result of which, Africa could or can afford to be those assets came into being. It without the benefits of knowledge becomes manifest therefore that or religious growth. On her own the African youth we view today account therefore, and certainly as comes into life endowed with a her- a result of the operation of outside itage of mixed content and much forces the present day youth of of it based on an experience of the Africa find themselves not only in past which is deereasingly becom- need of the good that the past and ing the order of today. If his past present hold for them, but at the says to him walk, his present de- same time in need of deliverance mands that he run; if yesterday from the undesirable aspects both limited his thoughts to his tribe, of their own indiginous heritage today opens up a vision of race, and of their present more or less nation and world; whereas the extraneously constructed environthought processes of yesterday ment. We must now refer to this were largely controlled by tradition extraneous force. and much of that untested, today a large part of African youth is The effect of outside, particularfaced with a new set of rules of ly western forces, upon African life, a new body of knowledge much life has been rapid, far reaching, of which has to his intellectual sat- and of mixed good and evil results. isfaction been tried and proved. Half a century ago with the ex- The consequence is confusion. The ception of her coastal regions, and head leads in one direction, the a considerable section at the southheart, that is to say much of his ern end of the continent, Africa

AFRICAN YOUTH OF TOMORROW

COMING AFRICANS AT THE Y. M. C. A. CONFERENCE OF CHRISTIAN YOUTH

proper was virtually unknown. pect of the Africa which we must With the penetration of the inte- know and face today if we would rior came knowledge of the vast understand and cooperate with her deposits and other unknown pos- sons and daughters. sibilities of wealth. The eyes and the hands of the western world As regards the effect of this were then turned toward and upon western penetration and control, it the continent. Then followed the is a matter for profound thankful- European scramble for political ness that it did not take place at control of Africa and the subse- an earlier date preceding the outquent exploitation of her posses- burst of the evangelistic, missionsions. This control has now been ary and humanitarian spirit of obtained and the exploitation is Europe and America. Had this under way. If we make a possible been the case, there might have exception along the Mediterranean been enacted in Africa scenes and also except Liberia and Abys- which for wanton cruelty and utsinia the almost startling fact we ter disregard of human values face is that the whole of this vast would have paralleled or exceeded continent has fallen under the po- the terrible deeds of those who vislitical control of five European ited such hardships and cruelty powers and under the economic upon the original inhabitants of control of Europe, America and South America and the islands of Asia. The result in part has been the New World. One says this not- "an upheaval, a riving, a shatter- withstanding the history of cruelty ing, a transformation, a metamor- in the early days of European conphosis, the breakup of an eon, the tact with the Congo and other reshaping of a continent-say it isolated instances of extreme achow you will, and think of it all tion on the part of Europeans. As as happening with almost cataclys- a matter of fact it was that humic suddenness." manitarianism referred to that called a halt to the "Belgian atro- This fact of the more or less cities" and it has all along been a complete taking over of Africa and healthy morality in Europe and to some extent of Africans, is the America which has refused to certain observation of every seri- countenance by their silence more ous student of African affairs. It flagrant violations of human rights is a large portion of the thesis of and justice in Africa. Professor Buell's "The Native Problem in Africa," Mr. E. W. But while we accept the above Smith's, "The Golden Stool," as well as his "The Christian Mission view as regards the moral control in Africa," and of Professor Wil- of Western penetration into Afriloughby's "Race Problems in the ca, we must not lose sight of a New Africa." Even in books in- great fact to which Mr. J. H. Oldtended for mission study such as ham in his "Christianity and the "Thinking With Africa" by the Race Problem," very properly calls Missionary Education Movement our attention. After pointing out of America, "The New Africa" by Donald Fraser and "Africa in the what he terms the "shrinkage of Making" by H. D. Hooper empha- the world" where distance and time sis is necessarily given to this as- have by scientific invention been greatly minimized thus making for increased human contacts and a

AFRICAN YOUTH OF TOMORROW

larger measure of common life, Mr. higher demands of human nature. Yet it cannot be evaded. Oldham writes as follows: Thus we behold the youth of a In striking contrast to this shrink- numerous race in an almost hisage of the world through the improve- torically unprecedented position. ment of means of communication is the It is compelled to do battle on two lack of any corresponding achievement fronts at the same time, a feat in bringing about moral and !!piritual from every angle possessed of inunity. While physically the peoples herent strategic weakness. On one of the world have been brought closer side African youth is confronted together psychologically they are in with the task of carrying, improvdanger of drifting further apart. New ing or discarding the impedimenta causes of antagonism have emerged. Attempts are being made to set up SCENE IN THE BANTU Y. M. C. A. AT JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AF'RICA impassable barriers. Closer proximity of their natural heritage; this is and greater economic dependence on admittedly a task which the youth one another do not make it any easier of whatever race must face, and for the peoples of the world to live Africans constitute no exception, relatively speaking, to the general together in mutual understanding and rule of enthusiastic approach to it. harmonious cooperation. Having by All of this on one side of the shield; its enterprise, inventions and eager on the other is to be seen the difpursuit of wealth succeeded in making ficulty created by the fact that the world into a single whole, man- Africans must carry their normal burden and at the same time make kind is now confronted with the more extraordinary adjustments which difficult task of establishing a moral almost inexorable circumstances unity. This is a greater and more exacting task than that which has already been accomplished; it makes

demand of them. These circum- ed by a more lofty ideal of life.

stances are the essence of the effect A third answer will be of more of those outside forces which are interest and satisfaction to readers described above, of good and bad of this REVIEW. It is an answer content. Such is the condition of given by thousands of Europeans African youth today; what, in the in Africa; it is fully shared by face of this complicated situation almost every thoughtful African; can be said of that youth of to- it is nothing, if it is not a force in morrow? This is the question to the idealistic thinking of people which we must now give consid- wherever they dwell. It is at once eration. our answer, our inspiration and our Various answers could be given plan or chart of action. Weare to the question proposed. In fact happy to try to set forth this an- the answers have been given and swer here for it is to the point of are everyday being given. In the view of this REVIEW and doubtless first place, there are those who of most of its readers. That an- frankly say or if they do not say swer is contained in another and it certainly indicate by their ac- greater question: What is God's tions their belief that the African will for the youth of Africa?

of tomorrow shall be at best a con- Now this is not evading the is- venience to the personal represent- sue nor is it a resort to an easy atives of those outside forces which way out by the utterance of what have invaded the continent. One some may call mere pious plati- doubts very much if this view real- tudes. Indeed God's will for Africa ly represents a preponderantly is the most difficult solution that controlling part in the opinions we could set ourselves to discover even of these personal representa- and realize for it is as true today tives; indeed there is much evi- as it was when it was said of Him dence to the contrary. But this "My ways are not thy ways nor opinion is strong; it works and My thoughts thy thoughts."

manifests itself in a. most subtle The responsibility of bringing in manner. Good, well intentioned the Kingdom of God in Africa so people of non-African races find far as human instrumentality is themselves driven at tim€s by re- concerned rests certainly with the lentless circumstances to subscribe three following groups: The na- to it. tives of Africa, the Europeans in Secondly, there are those who go Africa and Christian people else- somewhat farther than the opinion where, especially in Europe and just described and hold that the America. We may get our picture African has rights and that he of African youth of tomorrow from should really be permitted to de- a consideration of these three cen- velop according to his rights, that ters of responsibility, for nothing is, so long as such development does else is quite so important for our not interfere with those more im- immediate purpose.

portant and sacred rights of these The youth of Africa has been sub- ,particular non-Africans. This is ject to the same influences which also a fairly representative answer have moved among youth the world to our question and it is of impor- around. How could it be otherwise tance because it is a good basis for when we remember that the war moving on to an attitude support- and all that it disclosed and re-

AFRICAN YOUTH OF TOMORROW

leased affected Africa in the same that the desires, demands, and ef- way and to the same relative de- forts of African youth, with few gree as was the case elsewhere? exceptions, will be put forth in the It is natural therefore to expect spirit of Him in whose name Life a strong spirit of nationalism or is promised and sought.

racialism; and this we do find. Oc- Europeans in Africa are if any- casionally this spirit expresses it- thing more responsible for that de- self in anti-European utterances sirable tomorrow of 1frican youth and action; but this is decidedly than the latter themselves. What the exception. As I pointed out in we have said about the inexorably the chapter I wrote for "Thinking overwhelming nature of European With Africa," One does not believe control of Africa is fair proof of that the explanation of this unrest this statement. Wise leaders is an anti-government, or anti- among Europeans in Africa are European spirit; it is rather an realizing that the destiny of both evidence of a more positive desire; white and black is inseparably we Christians call it the "Good along the same road and are cour- Life." Jesus not only gave it a ageously advocating a program of name, but declared that His mis- real cooperation; it may be coop- sion was to make it possible for eration with discipline and the nec- people to have this good full life essary junior and senior partner- and have it in abundance. ship status, so long as required, Therefore when African youth but nevertheless real cooperation.

desire, demand and struggle for This will make clear to the African the right of respect for and devel- the encouraging fact that he has opment of their own personality, a future in his own land. In a few when they ask that a stigma of instances, particularly in sections inferiority be removed from them, of West Africa and to a great de- when they demand and strive for gree in the Transkeian section of adequate educational facilities, and South Africa wise and far sighted when they express their strong dis- government policy has committed satisfaction with political and so- itself to principles of progressive cial arrangements under which cooperation whereby Africans will they live-in other words, when play an increasing part in the en- they declare that they have not that tire life of the community.

which through Christ we know to It must also be remembered that be the will of God for them, they there are Christian forces at work are but giving impression to that among Europeans who dwell in witness which every quality of Africa. To the knowledge of the manhood, every desire to live and writer these forces have both in grow and all that we know of God's South Africa and East Africa will for man demand that they borne excellent and at times fruit- bear. ful witness to their conviction of And last but certainly not least, God's will for Africans, even where the African's sense of proportion, the immediate interest of the Afri- his cooperative spirit, his proven can and European appeared to be patience and sorely tried tolerance, in conflict. As a matter of fact, if and his real belief in God, more it were not common knowledge to real when he knows Him through the readers of this REVIEW, one Christ, are sufficient guarantees would have taken much more space 3

and time to show how Christianity moral and spiritual forces being as an outside force which has come far behind the physical and eco- into Africa by way of the Western nomic is still preeminently true in world has, with exceptions of this continent. Ignorance, back- course, been a fairly consistent pro- wardness and social weakness claimer of the good life of Christ's among Africans, and ignorance, gospel for Africans and how mis- selfishness and injustice among sionaries have usually identified Europeans all enmeshed in the themselves with the promotion of toils of blind material forces still the African's interests. It is not cry out for that light, that guid- without basis that the African has ance and those qualities which one placed all white people in two believes can be given by a fuller groups-"Missionaries and other following of Jesus of Nazareth and whites." One could refer most fav- the implications of His teachings ourably to the work not only of about life.

missionaries but of those churches This leads up to our final con- serving Europeans exclusively in sideration: The responsibility South Africa, for instance, and pay resting upon Christians in Europe, them the tribute due them for their America and elsewhere for making steady growth towards truer Chris- available for the future of Africa thin expression and action. the sure gospel of Christ and there- The Christian Student Move- by sharing in realizing the will of ment in South Africa is again one God for the full life of Africans.

of the most hopeful factors for the This is the inexorable challenge of development of a truly Christian Africa to the Western world. At- life for the African as well as the tention must be directed to this European youth of tomorrow and continent not only because of her for the promotion of Christian at- ills on her own account but because titudes and practices in the sphere of those which have been imposed of future interracial relationship. from without. Africa has become Recent action within this move- a part of the life of the world; ment whereby an interracial stu- Europe and America draw upon dent conference has been held, and her material commodities without non-European speakers brought stint; she is now part of the family before large audience of European and therefore in the truest meaning students, are indications of the pos- of God's Fatherhood and our sibility of a future based on knowl- Brotherhood must share in what- edge and Christian principles, than ever is worth while in the family.

which no more solid foundation can One of the first things Christian be laid for the building of a per- people outside Africa can do is to manent and desirable future for know something about conditions African youth. But having pointed in the continent. Much has been out the above, this consideration written and volumes are being pro- of the part to be played by Euro- duced in increasing annual quanti- peans in the future of African ties. Reference has been made in youth must be closed by calling at- this article to half a dozen books tention to the fact that there is not which will at once open up to the yet a Christian Africa in which reader the amazing story of life, God's will is to be realized. Mr. development and conditions in Af- Oldham's observation about the rica of half a century's duration.

AFRICAN YOUTH OF TOMORROW

One is quite sure that the head- whereby the church, the state and quarters of various denominational private philanthropy are united in mission Boards will lend them- one great forward program of full, selves to the truly missionary task well-founded education, the cure of helping people to know the facts and prevention of disease, and the as they are to be had from books. raising of the whole social vision and practice of the people. This Secondly, Christians may add can be done because there are intheir strength to the growing mor- stances where it has been done. If al opinion of the Western world Christ is concerned with the bringtoday as regards the latter's atti- ing in of a full life, He certainly tude and practice towards the large means for us to make use of all social, economic and political ques- the available forces of life for that tions which have arisen because of purpose. If a beginning were to the penetration of Western forces be made for properly serving Afinto Africa and the well-nigh total rica with medical and agricultural westernization of these aspects of facilities, assuming of course the Africa's life. foundations for this service, one believes that the tomorrow of Af- In the third place, Western rican youth would be infinitely Christians can continue to join brighter than it now appears. with Christian forces within Africa in the direct task of evan- Fortunately much has happened gelization, education, and social of late to quicken interest in the improvement. I used the word world mission of the Christian "continue" because I am aware of Church. The conditions, the meththe invaluable contribution which ods of procedure, and most of all has already been made in this way a knowledge of the controlling powto Africa's life. If the missionary er, spirit and motive of the misenterprise has done much in the sionary enterprise in Africa may past I am convinced that it is called be obtained from the reports of the upon to do infinitely more in the recent missionary gathering at future. Right now, I know of no Jerusalem,l and that at Le Zoute,S single force that is accomplishing Belgium in 1926. If a tithe of the so much for good as the individual hope, prayer, and work of these witness for Christ which is being gatherings may be realized for Afborne by a few missionaries not rica, then we need have no fear so much in words as by their atti- about the future of Africa and her tudes and practices towards and youth. work among and with Africans. The opportunity is still with us and 1. "The Vorld lIission of Christianity" confor a very long time will be for this taining the messages and recommendations of sort of missionary activity. the Enlarged ~Ieeting of the International Mis· sionary ConJl('il held at Jerusalem March 24th As regards Education and So- to April 8, 1928. cial Service one has in mind that larger conception of missions 2. "The Christian Mission in Africa." A Study based on the Procef'dlngs of the Int.er- national Conference at Le Zoute, Belgium, Sep- temher 14 to 21. 1926. By Edwin W. Smith.

When the dust of business so fills your room that it threatens to choke you, sprinkle it with the water of prayer, and then you can cleanse it out with comfort and expedition. J. S.

JERUSALEM-IN

BY HABIB SUBHAEYAH, Hams, Syria I N GENERAL the Jerusalem causes, the purposes of the great Missionary Conference had a conference, and the subjects that bad effect on the non-Christian were discussed. The same expla- community throughout S y ria, nations were given by the author mainly due to a misunderstanding in meetings of native Christians.

of its purpose. Fears and suspi- It has been said that it is now cions propagated by magazines and the time of sowing, not the time of newspapers were caused, as I was reaping, but there is reason to be- told by some religious leaders, by lieve that the reaping will be great two main facts: and that the spiritual results will 1. That the conference limited be so large that thousands will itself to Protestants. have greater faith and the name 2. That it did not admit into its of God will be glorified.

sessions Moslem theologians from Although I have attended many any part of the Moslem World. spiritual meetings with different The presence of such Moslem mem- purposes, I have never been as bers, it was asserted, would have much affected as by this confer- prevented the severe criticism of ence. Its spirit, its discussions, its the Press, the indignation and Christian teachings and deeds, the organized demonstrations of the number of its members, the char- public. Newspaper writers were acter of its president with his specially aroused by the fact that affective words inspired by the they were not admitted to the spirit of God. All were striking meetings. and effective. Even if I should The efforts to make it clear that live to the age of Jared (962 years) the conference entertained no en- or even to that of Methusalah (969 mity toward Moslems, and that it years) that impression could never aimed at a better service to the pass away from my memory.

world through the church, were Precious Memories not of much avail, although some learned leaders did take the Here are some of the memories writer's articles and friendly chats I still bear in mind: to heart. 1. The walk with the members As to the effect on Syrian Chris- of the conference from Bethany to tians it gives one pleasure to speak. the Mount of Olives on Palm Sun- In the presence of Dr. and Mrs. day, which brought to mind the Speer, two American active mem- passion that made Christ weep bers of the great conference, a over the people of that city which general meeting for the Syrian had the best chance to be saved workers was held in Beirut. An- by Him, and which preferred ig- other meeting was held for all the norance to knowledge, bad to good, American missionaries in Syria at the world to the Saviour of the the same time, and Dr. Speer with world, perdition to salvation, dark- the cooperation of Rev. James ness to light and unbelief to belief.

Nicol, undertook to explain the There are many today who, from 196 sheer ignorance, by refusing to ac- Jesus bearing His cross for us all. cept Jesus as his Saviour make 4. Lastly is the memory revived him again weep fOJ; us. by our entrance to the tomb where 2. The two hours spent in the lay the body of Christ after having garden where Jesus separated died for the love of us. from His disciples, choosing three of them, from whom he also sep- The main points that impressed arated to pray. The readings to- the congregation by the conference gether with the private and public may be summed up in the followprayers, under the leadership of ing: Rt. Rev. Rennie Macinnes, D.D., Bishop of Jerusalem, while we sat 1. That Christ is God, the Creadown on the ground amongst the tor of heaven and earth. stones and shrubs, thrilled our hearts with the spiritual sense of 2. That God was incarnated in communion with Christ. a perfect human being.

3. The memory revived by tak- 3. That Christ did die and did ing the way in which Jesus walked rise and that by His death we are as a criminal to be judged was saved. brought home to us still more vividly by the little shop across the 4. That Christ is ever living and way where stands the statue of is forever the most holy God, worthy of all worship and rever- ence by all angels and saints in heaven and by all the creatures on earth for ever and ever, Amen.

WORK FOR SOLDIERS IN CHILE BY WILLIAM M. STRONG, Concepcion, Chile The following is an interesting Wernet him riding along the letter recently received from Mr. Wm. road, and recognized him by his Mbu.sinSetrsosngm, ana Nwehwo wYeonrkt tCohrSisotuiathn dress, so we decided to settle the America, at his own expense, and founded "The Soldiers' Gospel Mis- matter immediately, if possible. sion." He is now located at Concep- When he heard what it was we cion, Chile, but visits various points wanted, he started to storm against where soldiers-a much neglected hypocrites! This was not very enclass-are located, and with Gospel meetings and Scripture distribution, couraging but, with our experience has led many into new life in Christ. in the life insurance business, we refused to be discouraged easily. EDITOR. When the storm had ceased, we asked: ASHORT time ago on entering a regimental barracks to ar- "Well, what do you say? Shall range for a Gospel meeting we have the meeting or not 1" we found that the comandante was out, and so we went for a walk out His answer, was about as fol- lows: in the country. The commander of each regiment has full authority in "Look here, I'm absolutely irmatters affecting the morale of religious and opposed to all re- ligion. I don't even allow the his troops so that we have to "sell 'padres' to hold a religious meeting our idea" to each colonel in turn. with my troops. If you want to This particular man was unknown hold a meeting come along at five o'clock, but if you say a word about to us.

religion I'll throw you out in the "Exactly what we showed you street." this morning, sir," was our reply.

"We're out in the street now," He demanded a reexamination we replied, "and it might be better and then gave his consent to the to stay here in that case. But let distribution. Without the opporus tell you something! You've a tunity to put the Word of Life in bunch of men that you know you've the hands of the men, we would tried your best to reform. In spite feel that our work would be unof all your efforts and lectures on fruitful. alcoholism and the sex problem, they do not obey you. But there As the men started to file out of is an Almighty Power that you the hall, the comandante shouted, have not tried that will trans- "Sientense todos!" (Everybody sit form their lives and make them down!) . decent, happy, respectable, hardworking men. We give you fair We wondered what could be warning that if you do let us in we coming next! He started on a discannot but speak of this mighty course to his men, beginning with Power that. will make them new- the Constitution of Chile, citing born creatures. We will tell them the clause which grants religious the Way to attain this new life and, furthermore, we have proofs liberty and then said, out of your own army in other "For this reason I have perplaces as to what God has already done !" mitted Sr. Strong to speak to you. I wish to say further that the Finally he gave a sort of grudg- teachings of Christ are highly ing consent for a meeting, and so beneficial and I trust that you will we parted. all profit by this good counsel which you have heard." That afternoon when we began to speak of Christ's salvation and He then turned and shook hands with us cordially. We do not bepower to deliver from the guilt lieve in "pussyfooting" God's mesand power of sin, the comandante, sage, but we never have expected burst into the room and strode to an open endorsement of it, especi· the front, apparently with the in- ally from a high official. When it came from such a man, it was a tention of stopping the meeting. surprise indeed! Suddenly he paused, when within :fifteen feet of us, and began to lis- After our arrival at home, we ten to a story we were telling. He sent this officer a New Testament, remained silent while we continued and we herewith translate a part the meeting without interruption, of his reply: quoting God's Word and pointing the way of salvation. "Colonel X- wishes to greet At the close, we asked the head Sr. Gmo. Strong and would state sergeants, as usual, to come for- that he has gratefully received ward and receive their copies of el "Nuevo Testamento," which he the Gospel of St. John to distribute will read with the hope that the among the men. Then the comandante interfered and asked to Supreme Creator will place a know what they were. pavilion of consolation over his 'a I m a pecardora empedernida' (sinful hardened soul)."

Pray for this poor fellow who is but a type of many officers who have attended our meetings and

WORK FOR SOLDIERS IN CHILE

for whom we ask your prayers. for the distribution of New Testa- These officers come from the best ments among the men of the army families of Chile, and, as in other and navy. This will increase the places, are a hard class to reach cost of transportation, but we can with the Gospel. commit these details to the One Who has called us to labor in this We wish that you would praise part of His vineyard. Pray God the Lord with us for the fact that that His blessing may rest upon means have been partly provided this work.

A REMARKABLE INVALID IN SHANGHAI* BY GEORGE T. B. DAVIS, Shanghai, China I N THE course of my journeys was working in the office of a it has been my privilege to magistrate in Hinghwa, in Kiangsu meet a number of heroic in- province. He went to church valids in various lands. from time to time, and was once presented with a copy of the Bible, For seventeen years Mr. D. C. but did not read it. At length, Hu has had an affliction that would after he became paralyzed, when leave most of us helpless invalids. in great extremity and pain, he began to read the Word of God, He constantly lies in one position and through reading it and the on his back, his body and limbs help of friends, he accepted Christ being paralyzed. His jaws are set as his Saviour. so that his teeth are clenched and immovable. One of his front teeth After he became a Christian, he has been extracted, and through asked the Lord what he could do this opening he speaks and re- for Him in his paralyzed condiceives nourishment. Yet in spite tion? of these handicaps, he conducts two day schools and a night school, The Lord said to him, "Read teaches classes daily, and writes your Bible this year, and later I articles for a religious paper. On will come to take you to a happy Sunday morning he conducts a place across a river." Sunday-school and religious service, sometimes preaching the ser- So Mr. Hu read his Bible, and mon while lying on his cot. at the set time, a coolie came to his house and he said to him, "Will It was in Shanghai that I heard you take me to Shanghai on your of Mr. Hu through Miss Jennie V. back?" Hughes, who showed me his picture and took me to see him. "Have you any money? It is nineteen miles to the boat." Mr. Hu's room is in an old rickety building where he was "No, I have no money." teaching a class of children. We "Where are you going to stay sat down beside his cot, and Dr. after you reach Shanghai?" Mary Stone interpreted. "I do not know; but the Lord told me to go." Mr. Hu is forty-one years old. After this conversation, the Before he became paralyzed, he coolie was impelled to pawn his own clothes in order to obtain *' From the MQody Bible Institute Monthly.

funds for the journey. Then he fully, and especially about the carried Mr. Hu on his back to the Holy Spirit. As the result he be- boat, and at length they reached gan to witness with greater power.

Shanghai. When they arrived, On each Sunday at 9 a. m., Mr.

the coolie asked, "Where shall I Hu has a Sunday-school, where take you?" He replied, "To the teachers come to help in the work Shantung Road Church." There among the children. At 10: 30 the pastor greeted him cordially a. m. there is a preaching service and took him to a home for crip- for the boys and girls, and for the ples where he spent seven years neighbors.

reading and stUdying his Bible, Mr. Hu writes articles for the and while there he was baptized Chinese Christian Intelligencer, ex- by the pastor. posing the evils of the anti-Chris- On one occasion he sent an ar- tian movement, and showing the ticle to a periodical in Nanking power of Christ to reconstruct the called Spiritual Light. In this he nation. Like that great hero of told his life story. One of the the first century of the Christian editors became interested and came era, he can say, "I take pleasure in to Shanghai to see him. Through infirmities, in reproaches, in neces- this person Mr. Leland Wang was sities, in persecutions, in distresses led to call on Mr. Hu and explain for Christ's sake: for when I am to him the way of salvation more weak then am I strong."

AN INVALID'S FELLOWSHIP OF PRAYER nJ FELLOWSHIP of Prayer was noticed a look of joy spread over started some years ago by the old lady's face, and she said: Miss Irvine of Dublin,* an "I am so thankful to hear what you invalid, whose influence has spread say because I did it." Then she to America and other lands. Year told him that several years before by year additional members are a missionary from the same area enrolled who give definite time for had visited the parish and had intercession. Many also write or called on her, and told her some- dictate letters, expressing their thing of his difficulties and of the joy at being able to take part in special problem of the district, this definite service. closed to evangelistic effort. From Some years ago, in the West of that time for over five years she England, a visiting missionary had daily prayed that God would called upon Ii parIshioner who lived open the door into this unevangelin the parish Almshouse, and had ised area so that the Gospel might been bedridden for many years. be preached. The missionary told the invalid of This is only one example of what a certain district which, for many is happening continually. The years, had been closed to evangel- work in the mission fields owes istic effort, but had now asked for much to these patient sufferers teachers. While he was teIling of who realise that while they are laid the work and the opportunity, he aside from active work, they have still a very important sphere of • Mi8S Gladys E. P. Irvine, Han. Sec., 55 Grosvenor St., Dublin S. W. 6, Ireland. service open to them.

PICS Of THE

JERUSALEM AND DETROIT An entire morning was devoted to While the interpretation of the mes-· the significance of the Jerusalem state- ment on The Christian Message. Dr. sage and spirit of the Jerusalem Coun- Robert E. Speer and Dr. Halford Luccil goes forward in our churches, it cock, now professor of Homiletics at is gratifying to learn how seriously many of our Foreign Mission Boards Yale, spoke on the meaning and value are taking the Jerusalem pronounce- of this classic to our American ments. Six months ago, questions churches, while Mrs. Thomas Nicholwere prepared on each major theme son dwelt on those aspects of the state- ment which are of special interest to discussed at Jerusalem for the special women~ James Yen of China, in an use of Mission Boards in their study of the implications of these Jerusalem evening address on "Meeting the statements with respect to their own Needs of Rural Populations" sugadministrative policies. The annual gested a number of practical adaptameeting of the Foreign Missions Con- tions in social and economic betterference just held in Detroit, January ment activities designed to meet the 15-18, was an effective stimulus to age-long limitations of China's rural this study. Over four hundred dele- people. On the last day, Mr. Hivale gates, representing more than sixty of India, spoke very frankly before the whole conference on those relaforeign Mission Boards in the United tions between the younger and older States and Canada, were in attend- churches which to him, at least, seem ance. The program sought to focus to be false and unwelcome. An evethought on Jerusalem's challenge to ning was devoted to the recent Congo North American Boards. In open con- Jubilee Conference; Dr. J. W. Holley, ference sessions as well as in sectional a colored delegate from the south premeetings, many of the questions re- senting one of the reports. ferred to above were introduced and made the basis of discussion. In the Since the conference opened with sectional meeting on industry, for ex- a careful survey of trends in giving ample, this very pertinent question to foreign missions, and with an analwas considered: "What adjustments ysis of changes taking place in the in the program of our Boards ought attitude of our church and student to be made to enable our missionaries constituencies toward foreign misto give greater help to the Christian sions, it was only natural that the Churches of other lands in their ef- closing session should be given over forts to Christianize social and in- to the testimony of nationals on the dustrial relations?" In the group on value of the Christian World Mission Religious Education: "How far are and to an address by Dr. James Enour missionaries prepared, by material dicott of Toronto, on "Points to be gifts and by technical training, to in- emphasized in our presentation of misstitute and apply modern educational sions to the home church."

technique in their areas?" In the The annual meetings of the Foreign Home Cultivation Section: "What Missions Conference are never charchanges in program or relationships acterized by many findings or resolu- on the mission fields need careful in- tions. It is not a legislative body. terpretation in our home churches?" The Mission Boards send their dele- 261

gates to exchange points of view, to ernment but this is due to outside gain knowledge of new conditions and pressure that, it is hoped, will soon developments affecting mission admin- be removed. "There is now no civil istration and to realize that spirit of war in China," said Dr. Yui. There unity among them out of which com- may be bandits at work in some areas mon undertakings emerge. Most of but the Government is taking steps to the major emphases of the Jerusalem suppress these and at the same time Council Reports were restated at De- to reduce the army of two million troit. The Boards could not mistake soldiers to not more than one million. their meaning. In the sectional meet- These will be organized under the Naings, a number of very definite rec- 'tional Government and not as at presommendations or proposals were made ent in separate army units. The army which, we trust, will find their way to must be reduced gradually or else the individual Foreign Mission Boards for unemployed soldiers will become banfurther consideration and perhaps dits. The securing of civilian employadoption. By and large the American ment, with self-support, for the church constituency still needs a good ex-soldiers is one of the difficult probdeal of educating before it can be said lems before the Chinese Government. that our Christian laymen are fully up to the position taken by the Jeru- Another problem is that of unifysalem Council. One may go further, ing the national revenues so that inperhaps, and predict in the light of stead of offering a means for graft Detroit that, in the case of Foreign and private exploitation the National Mission Boards themselves, pressure taxes will find their way into the Nafrom the fields will need to be applied tional treasury· and local taxes only before these Boards are likely to re- will be used for local improvements spond fully to the ideals which found and administration. expression on the Mount of Olives. A third problem is that of strength- Miss Helen Calder of the American ening the official personnel, local and Board was elected to succeed Dr. James national, so that effective unselfish I. Vance of Nashville, as Chairman of service will be rendered to China. It the Conference, being the first woman is significant and encouraging that of to occupy this position. By special the ten ministers or heads of departarrangement, and in addition to the ments in the national government sevregular women delegates, a number of en are Christians, six were educated women representing the Woman's Fed- in America and two are former Y. M. eration of Foreign Mission Boards C. A. Secretaries. Dr. Yui stated that participated in the Conference as cor- in all one hundred and fifty former responding members-a sure and hap- Y. M. C. A. Secretaries are now in py augury of the closer working Chinese Government service. relationships inaugurated by special resolutions at this Conference between These are difficult days in China but these two significant interdenomina- they are days of hope and young Chitional bodies. nese leaders are convinced that now is their opportunity and they are seek- M. T. S. ing to do truly constructive work in making the new China a progressive MAKING A NEW CHINA nation.

The Chinese people are again united What are the next steps? under one central national govern- First politically. The leaders are ment, said Dr. David Z. T. Yui, the seeking to unify the country. The National Y.M. C. A. Secretary for people have discarded the monarchy China, at a recent luncheon to busi- and are opposed to any dictatorship ness men in New York City. Shan- or military overlordship. They wish tung and Manchuria may still be out a true democracy with a well organof full accord with the central Gov- ized government modelled on that of the United States and with eligibility

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

to office determined, not by sex or emissaries as one of their chief points class, but by character and capacity. of attack.

Educationally the Chinese have set The basis of the superstructure of their standards according to modern the New China must be first, the de- ideas and methods. They propose to velopment of personal Christian char- give girls and women equal opportu- acter with ideals and capacity for nities to those enjoyed by men. Today unselfish service of humanity; second, over eighty per cent of the Chinese the training in intelligent citizenship are illiterate so that one of the tasks and the faithful observance of its before new China is to provide general rights and duties; and third, better education and at the same time to give and more sympathetic international the people a practical training for life, relations. On such a basis and with with a spirit of honesty and fair play such a program China must advance and a world viewpoint. • to a most important and honored place Economically, the endeavor will be in the world of nations.

to provide better living conditions for The progress that China has made working classes, with good roads and in the past two years is more fully improved implements and methods, so dealt with in this issue by Rev. Wm.

as to provide abundance with simple A. Mather who has spent over a quar- habits of life. ter of a century in that great land.

Socially, the leaders of new China strongly uphold monogamy and the THE SPELL OF CHRIST IN JAPAN putting to an end of concubinage and Missionaries write of stirring days domestic slavery. While the cultiva- in Japan with the whole country contion and importation of opium and scious of the birth of a new political other narcotics have increased, there life. The election of members to the is to be a determined war against National Parliament last spring, under these and kindred evils. the new Enfranchisement Act, brought Religiously, the leaders stand for forth over nine million men who, for freedom of conscience, belief and wor- the first time, had the right to vote. ship. They have refused to promote The wave of a new political interest Confucianism and do not approve of spread to the uttermost parts of the anti-religious propoganda. They be- Empire. lieve that religion is the center of There are many new forces at work life and that all should acknowledge in Japan but the strongest, if not the the supremacy of the one God and the most prominent in the public eyes, is brotherhood of all mankind. the quiet but dynamic influence of the Internationally, the Chinese seek to life and teachings of Jesus Christ. place all relationships on a mutually A prominent Japanese friend, who reciprocal basis, with equal rights and has held a high Government office, refriendly relations with other nations, cently asked what the Young Men's the revision of all unequal treaties and Christian Association is doing to build the full recognition of China's sov- up strong character among the young ereignty. They seek to outlaw war men who come within the range of its and to promote international friend- influence. The secretaries everywhere ship, based on understanding, good testify to the eager interest of mem- will and cooperation with all the fam- bers in the study of Jesus Christ, ily of nations. which the Movement is sponsoring in Dr. Yui gave emphatic testimony coope.ration with the World's Comas to the important part that the mittee. There has been an unprece- Young Men's Christian Association dented demand for books as aids to has taken in training leaders for the these studies and from all parts of the New China. Because of its influence Empire have come encouraging reports and its Christian character, this or- of the growing interest in this re- ganization was marked by the Soviet newed spiritual emphasis.

A Canadian missionary, Mrs. H. C. tion I a w s discriminating against Watts, who was transferred from the Asiatics, the refusal to naturalize Indisturbed district of Northern China dians as American citizens, and beto peaceful Japan, writes: "Japan cause of the recent volume that holds seemed at first to offer dull contrast up to condemnation certain Indian to our old field-no war; no bandits. characteristics and customs. Everything worked like clockwork in a perfect system of law and order. There are signs that a storm is Efficiency seemed written over every- brewing and Mahatma Gandhi is likely thing, and this, to our Chinese eyes, to come back into Indian politics as a ears and noses, spelt dullness." leader. The young men are saying that non-violence does not work out in After six months in Tokyo, she practice and that they must unite and went to a small Japanese city, from use violent measures, if necessary, to which she writes: "We are tremen- bring. about a complete separation dously happy to be here. To one corn- from England and to gain their indeing from China, where crowds throng pendence. Gandhi has asked them to our meetings, the work at first seems wait until December 31, 1930, before very slow. But the longer one is taking any drastic action but the here, the more convinced one is that young leaders will not postpone the the work is solid and lasting. One by date beyond December 31 of the presone, they ar~ entering the Kingdom, ent year. What hinders action is the and little by little the nation is bend- division in India itself. Moslems and ing to the influence of the Spirit of Hindus cannot get together and each Christ. Young men and young wom- distrusts the other. No decided acen are reading, thinking, questioning tion can be taken without the Moham- -and God is working in their hearts. medan vote of approval. Great Brit- Step by step, stage by stage, the new ain would like to know the mind of world is being created for Japan. India but there is no such thing at Pray for Japan, that she may discover present as an "all India mind." more and more of God's truth, beauty, and love; and express these ever more India still needs guidance, the moldfully in her life and character." ing power of a dominant ideal and per- sonality, the leadership of capable un- INDIA IN THE CHANGING WORLD selfish statesmen and the power to carry out the ideals. These factors All the world is in a state of flux. can only be supplied through Christ India is no exception, but is per- and those in whom He lives and works haps, changing more radically and for the regeneration of India and of rapidly. Many diverse influences are the Indian peoples. at work, s 0 me constructive-like Christianity and nationalism-a n d SHOULD WE ABANDON WORK some destructive—-like atheism and bolshevism. There is a storm brew- FOR JEWS? ing, says Mr. C. F. Andrews, the Christian advisor of Mahatma Gandhi, In America at the present time who is now visiting America in the there is a very definite and persistent interest of promoting American-In- propaganda on the part of Jewish dian friendship. At a recent luncheon, leaders to induce the Protestant given in his honor in New York City, Church to give up all Christian mis- Mr. Andrews said in substance: sionary effort among their people. This propaganda assumes many forms, Formerly Indians regarded Amer- but its spirit and general content may ica as representing their ideal of free- be gathered from a recent article by dom and friendliness but recently a Christian clergyman in the Jewish there has been a growing bitterness TTibune. entitled "Let Us End Misagainst America because of immigra- sionary Work Among Jews." The au- thor, Dr. Edward L. Hunt, formerly

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

a pastor in New York and now a di- Dr. Isaac da Costa, the philospher, rector of the American Good Will Un- Sir Francis Palgrave, the historian, ion, voices an indictment of such Bishop Schereschewsky, the great mismissionary effort in four counts. The sionary to China who translated the article is being widely circulated and Bible into the Wenli tongue, and many is lauded by some as the expression others equally eminent. Were these or an ideal type of Christianity. It men "social climbers" who sold their will also doubtless fall into the hands Jewish heritage for a cup of afterof some who, not knowing the facts, noon tea? may be disposed to give further currency to its oracular pronouncements. It is unfortunate that this writer Here are the items of the indictment: has not met any bona fide Jewish con- verts. Among the 150,000 or more 1. "I indict Christian missionary work now in the churches of Europe there on the score of its futility. One must are thousands who have had literally search far and wide for a genuine Jew- to take up their cross to follow Christ. ish convert to Christianity. Those we It is a spiritual tonic to meet many do have are merely social climbers seek- of them. Here in America, among ing to sell their birthright of Israel for the 20,000 Hebrew Christians now in a cup of afternoon tea." the Christian churches of this country, it is not necessary to search very far This is really a serious reflection to find those who bear the hall-mark on Jewish character. It declares that of genuine devotion to Christ and His Jews are so wanting in principle that cause. If Dr. Hunt would like to meet for the bribe of a little social advan- a few of these converts, it would be tage many of them are willing to sell a pleasure to afford him the opportheir Jewish heritage. It is also a tunity that he might judge for himmore serious reflection on Christian- self as to their genuineness. ity. It asserts that Christianity is so inferior to Judaism that no Jew could The reason that a still greater numpossibly be induced to accept it unless ber of Jews do not rejoice in new some material advantage is attached found faith in Christ is because of to it. This is such a strange indict- the meagerness of the efforts put forth ment that one cannot help wondering in this field. Christ belongs to Jews what kind of Christianity the writer more than He belongs to any other has in mind. people in the world. No people is more responsive to His appeal, when And as for the "futility" of Chris- sympathetically presented, and no peo- ple who yield to Him a fuller or more tian work for the Jews, one would lasting allegiance.

like to ask this author where he got One very simple question arises in the face of this indictment. If Chrishis information. Is he only repeating tian efforts to win Jews to an accept- ance of Jesus as the Christ are so the usual Jewish sing-song, or has he woefully barren of results, why are made a real honest search for the Jews making such strenuous efforts facts? A little investigation would to stop them? have led to the discovery that 224,000 Jews entered the Christian churches 2. "I indict Christian missionary work of Europe and America during the among Jews on account of its costliness nineteenth century. If Christian work and waste. Let the Christian Church had been proportionately as fruitful use the funds which are being literally among other non-Christian peoples, thrown away for this purpose and devote the results would have been three times it t~ bringi~g .Christianity to the many greater than they actually were. nommal ChrIstIans, who are living with- Among these converts were men like out God today." Neander, the great church historian, Professor Bonfey, philologist, Sir Juli- Once again the old familiar Jewish us Benedict, the musician, Dr. Alfred sing-song! Has the author of this Edersheim, the Christian author, Sir article really investigated the expendi- William Herschell, the astronomer,

tures of the Protestant Churches of many thousands of Jews have come to America in their work for the Jews? a better understanding of Christianity It is very evident that he has not. and are opening mind and heart to If he should do so, he would get a the influence of that great Prophet of surprise, not at the vastness of the their people who has been such an unamount spent, but that it is so pitably speakable blessing to the whole world. small, and yet has been able to accom- These indirect results of a Christian plish so much. It is safe to say that ministry to the Jews would justify the total sum spent for Jewish work many times the expenditure of every by the thirty-eight Protestant denomi- dollar that has gone into the work. nations that form the Home Missions Council would not pay the salaries of 3. "I indict it because it is un-Christen prominent New York rabbis for tian. Anyone who believes in the hand of God in history must glimpse His pura single year! pose to preserve Israel and once more And as to waste, it is never easy to establish them in the land which their fathers made the Holy Land for Jews estimate spiritual values in material and Christians alike." terms. In some of our far-fiung foreign mission fields, years passed be- If Dr. Hunt could establish that fore a single convert was won. Yet charge it would end missionary work we have not heard of any denomina- among Jews at once and forever. No tion denouncing this expenditure of church and no individual Christian Christian money and effort as "waste." would engage in such effort if it could The missionaries were sowing seed for be shown as he declares, that it is a future harvest, they were breaking subversive of the divine purpose for down prejudice, making helpful con- Israel and is in reality a "fight against tacts, educating the people, and in- the manifest will of God." terpreting to them Christ and Christianity. Such service in the eyes of But from whence has this anti-mis- Christians, will never be called sionary indictment been derived? Once again, from the Jews. Every Jewish "waste." youth is instructed that God's purpose So it is in work for the Jews. for his people can only be fulfilled as they remain faithful to Moses and un- Though it is quite as fruitful as most contaminated by Christianity. It is evangelistic work for "nominal Chris- the same old utterance, but this time tians, who are living without God to- strange to say, the voice is that of a day," and in whom Dr. Hunt seems "Christian" made audible through a to be so tremendously concerned, yet Jewish megaphone. the service of missionaries among the Jews covers a much wider range. In- It is only necessary to ask this simgrained prejudices must be removed ple question: is it true? With the –often prejudices deliberately fos- New Testament in our hands, it is tered by the synagogue; the mission- not difficult to find the answer. This aries must teach the people the truth work of seeking to win the Jews has about Christ and Christianity, which behind it the command of the Master, has been so long withheld from them; His own example and that of all the they have to create good will, a good Apostles. Even the great Apostle to will that is real and abiding because the Gentiles made it his practice to it ignores no fundamental issue and give the Gospel "to the Jew first," goes to the very heart of the problem. never thinking that in so doing he Because of this service tens of thou- was working against God's manifest sands of Christians in all parts of the purpose for Israel, but profoundly concountry now cherish a real love for the vinced that Christ holds in His hand Jews, and would gladly share with the future of His people, and that them their chief treasure-the knowl- there is no high place for the Jew in edge and faith of Jesus Christ our the purpose of God in Palestine or Lord. And because of this service anywhere else apart from Jesus

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Christ. The Apostle looked forward But American freedom has also prewith assurance to a glad time when served to every religion the right to "all Israel shall be saved," and when propagate its faith. The Mormon, the at last his people coming into step Mohammedan, the Hindu have perfect with the purpose of God, will be to liberty to preach their particular docthe whole world as "life from the trines. The Theosophist, the Christian dead." Scientist, the Roman Catholic, enjoys equally with the Protestant the right Verily, upon this Christian ministry to win converts to his cause. The Jew rests, in a peculiar way, the blessing also, wherever he wishes, can go out of the God of Israel, and behind it and seek to extend the faith of Moses are His unfailing promises. So when as widely as he pleases, and Christians there comes to us in this generation will utter no protest. That is one of a voice saying "I indict," in which we our American privileges. see the purpose of God for Israel moving forward steadily to its ful- The difficulty is that Jews wish to filment, we can only refer the utterer be considered a people apart, and deto an occasion long ago when a ruler mand that all propaganda shall stop of the Jews said to two followers of at their door. Christianity can never Jesus engaged in the same work, "I enter into any such compact. It is a indict," and they replied: "Whether it missionary religion offered to people be right in the, sight of God to hearken of every race, color and creed. To unto you more than unto God, judge pass the Jew by would be to discrimye, for we cannot but speak the things inate against him. We establish our which we have seen and heard." churches in mixed communities where all sorts of people live. We announce 4. "I indict it because it is un-Ameri- our services and frequently add the can in that it ignores the values of the invitation, "Everybody Welcome." synagogue in making godly citizens and Would not the Jews feel that they in the furthering of many good causes were discriminated against if beneath for the betterment of the community." that invitation were placed the words, "Except Jews"? One can only marvel that any American professed follower of the Great- Moreover, the Christian religion est Jew of History could be induced dare not pass the Jews by. The comto repeat this oft-repeated Jewish can- mand of its Founder forbids it, its ard. Since when has the Christian universal claims demand the presenta- Church ignored the synagogue? or tion to Jews as to others, and the failed to recognize its place in our identification of its own future with American life? or interfered with it that of the race of Jesus, all present an in the fulfilment of its ministry to its unanswerable' and urgent appeal to own people? Does not the Jew possess find some way to bring this highly every civil, political, and religious gifted people into accord with the right enjoyed by the rest of us? He divine purpose, so that Jews and can build his synagogues, worship the Christians together, in happy accord, God of his fathers in perfect freedom, may move forward for the redempwitness to his faith, propagate it and tion of America and of the world. can even say many things about Christianity that are not so without inter- J. S. c. ference. The overwhelming Christian majority in this country, when its "The highest service a man can rennational foundations were laid, made der to his fellow man is to pray for provision for that religious liberty him. Work backed up by prayer is which the Jew now so fully enjoys, too often the practice, if not the ideal and today Christians will stand with of the Church: if the world is to be him side by side for the maintenance won, that order must be reversed and of these rights should they even be the Church learn to depend on prayer, threatened. backed up by work."-E. S. Woods.

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, New

MAKING THE MISSIONARY ENTERPRISE LIVE IN YOUR CHURCH THE PERFECT FURLOUGH of life are in a country where you visit and do not live. By REV. JAMES B. RODGERS, D.D., Manila, Philippine Islands How to get 80% or even greater value out of a furlough is a problem. I T IS very delightful to dream about Perhaps one may say that a perfect one's coming furlough to the home- furlough does not exist; but there land. "My own, my native land" are certain principles which may help seems very attractive from the other the missionary coming home on his side of the world, and then the thrill furlough and enable him to make the when the shores arise and the Golden best possible use of his months in the Gate appeaI:s, or perhaps the Statue United States.

of Liberty waves a welcome; what First of all, a furlough to be worth missionary has not felt it? while should be earned. The Fourth This furlough toward which we Commandment enjoined six days solid have been looking with longings is work as well as one day's thorough going to correct all our troubles, is rest. One cannot enjoy a vacation sure to be an unadulterated pleasure unless he can take it with a clear and perhaps a panacea for the per- conscience. On the eve of my first plexities that have been with us dur- furlough I remember the horror of ing the years on the field; but there finding myself in my dreams on the is a tinge of disappointment in spite streets of New York but with the of the warmest of welcomes and the very bitter consciousness that I had most cordial of hospitalities. One is fled from duty.

a visitor and has no part in the life In the second place, a furlough of the home and town. He feels rest- should be planned for. The vacation less. The visions of the past do not months are just as much a part of materialize, and then again, before our service as the years on the field.

one went to the field, he could move We must no more think of wasting about readily and freely with no par- them than we should think of idling ticular ties. A vacation was a time through the years abroad. The duties of utter freedom from responsibility, will be different, responsibilities less; but the furlough vacation carries with burdens will change, but they will it its own responsibilities. The pres- exist. A furlough is a detail. One ence of two or three little children in is transferred from the line to the the family curtails that freedom. staff; from the front line to the serv- Shall one roam about the country to ice of supply. In order to make the leave his wife and babies to get along best use of these months of furlough the best they can? That would be one should carefully plan and attempt selfish. Furloughs are often a time to fully realize the purpose of the of the heaviest responsibilities and furlough.

the greatest cares, so that in planning In the third place, there is the ques- for a furlough one must take into tion of physical recuperation. One's consideration the fact that all one's vitality is usually lowered by the cli- responsibilities and all the difficulties mate and environment of the field sta- 208

METHODS FOR WORKERS

tion. The body is like a soorage being able from a distance to review battery that needs recharging. One the work of the years on the field and must deliberately plan such occupa- to see how God has blessed it. tions and such surroundings as will restore lost vitality. In conclusion, a furlough is a fail- ure that does not give full opportunity , One hardly needs mention the bur- to gain the spiritual blessings that den of months without definite em- come through association with one's ployment, and no one will confuse rest fellow Christians. During my furwith laziness. It would be helpful if loughs I have counted it as a matter the field-work during furlough could of great privilege to catch the thrill be done systematically and not spas- of the call, to have revived in my modically. One's vitality is often re- heart the lure of the field; then one stored as is the battery, by activity goes back with new courage, new faith, and motion. The association with peo- new power, and his well-earned furple of his kind, the possibility of be- lough has been well spent. ing in touch with the great movements of one's own country, the new ac- So it's home again, and home again, quaintanceships one makes and the America for me! new friendships, all serve to add to his stock of strength. Deputation My heart is turning home again, work, if wisely done, is not only a And there I long to be– benefit to the' cause at large but also to the individual who undertakes it. In the land of youth and freedom- His contact with the church groups Beyond the ocean bars, of men and women is one of the greatest blessings of the furlough time. Where the air is full of sunlight And the flag is full of stars. Fourth. Of late years the theory has been advanced that the first term 'Vhen having a missionary in your church of service is a time of preparation for have :you ev(~r had a soulful and interpretive the fullest work and because this is soloist to sing Dr. Henry VanDyke's, "America so, it is the desire of the Mission for Me"? It is to he found in almost any first Boards that the first furlough so far class music store: if not locally obtainable as possible be spent in further study; onler from Miss Annie G. Bailey. 581 Boylston the physician in Medical College; the St['eet, Boston, Mass. Price 15c. evangelist in. Theological Seminary; the teacher in a Teachers' College. "MURERA BARANDA"-.AN AFRICA When the missionary first goes to the field he scarcely knows what form of DEMONSTRATION service he may be best fitted for; his first term teaches him. The furlough By MRS. DONALD FRASER should be given to specializing along this line. Author of the chapter, "The Doctor as Friend" in "Friends of Africa." Fifth. If possible, it is a good thing for the missionary to spend a Written for the Northfield School few weeks near the Board headquar- of Missions by Mrs. Donald Fraser of ters. He needs to understand the Glasgow, formerly a Scotch Presbyproblems that confront those who are terian missionary in Livingstonia. working at the home-base. It gives one a sense of God's presence quite The name Murera Baranda means as much as the miracles that we see "The Nurse of the Orphans"-an Afin our field of work. Another source rican term for God. of inspiration comes from looking back over the term of service just Needed-Basin and towel, spear, club passed. One of the greatest blessings or long stick-a little bundle to reprethat coming home brings is that of sent baby, tea tray and two cups.

4 Setting-Native village. Women pounding and cooking. Young Missionary (Y. M.) sits on African drum writing. Sound of singing beyond- Tune-"Jesus Loves Me." 1. Yesu wa ndidisa 'ni Bible ra ndi udza 'ri Vana wa no mnda wo Yesu n no wada woo Choj'us- Yesu wa ndida, Yesu wa ndida,

Yesu wa ndida, O. M. to Native Girl-"Would you Wa wada wose woo like to taste our salt 1"

(It ceases and murmur of voices is Native Girl-"EeVery much." (she heard.) comes forward with hands cupped to- gether.) Older missionary enters-"I've just been looking into the Senior School. Old Missionary-"It is sugara." Ellen is bringing a cup of tea, then (Puts a spoonful or two of sugar in we'll attend to some medical cases." her hand.) While this conversation is going on Native Girl imitates-"Su-ga-ra." people have been entering and sitting (Goes back to others and they each down. take a little out of her hand; she stands licking her empty palms vig- Young Missionary-"It's all just so orously.) thrilling-I've been putting it all down in my diary. But I do wish I could Patients speaking to one anothertalk to the people as you can. I'm so "Good-good-isn't that good?" glad you've brought me out on this little tour among the villages." (Old Missionary rises and brings forward basket or medicine chest and Old Mis8ionary-"I thought it would lays out bandages, dressing tray, botinterest you to be brought into close tles, etc. Young Missionary goes and contact with the people and see how brings kettle of water, basin and towthey live, how necessary it is to know el.) the language. Besides I wanted to get in touch with this group of vil- Old Missionary to woman with dirty lages, now that we have started a cloth over her head-"You come first school in this district." mama. It hurts your eyes to sit in the light, doesn't it?" (Enter girl with tea tray. They sit and drink.) Woman–"Very much, mama."

Old Missionary-"Here comes tea!" Old Missionar'lj-"Will you come and help me, Miss Brown, to hold her Description of gathering patients- eyelids, so? Every white man and woman in Africa must be more or Woman with cloth hanging over face less of a doctor." (Puts lotion in and head held down. eyes.) Woman with baby on back. "That's all now, mama. Come back Boy with leaf tied on bare leg which again tomorrow morning and bring has blood over it. a clean dish and a friend to learn what Another who moves in sitting posture to do and we'l! give you medicine to go -using hands, one foot, to move along; on with this washing and show her one leg covered by dirty wrapping held how to do it." out stiffly before him. He bites his lips in pain and says: "A-yi-Rote. we! A- Young Missionary-"Granny next!" yi-Rote. we!" (Helps blind woman forward.) An old blind woman holding on to end of stick led by child grasping the other Old Missionary (looking at eyes) end. "Alas granny, you are blind. Can you see anything with either of your eyes? (Old Missionary turns to them and The fire? My hands? (holding one greets them.) up before her eyes).

Patients (some clapping hands)- Granny-"The sun, yes. The fire, "Timboneni mose Yebo, mama. Tim- a little. Your hands, no." boneni, mose Yebo, mama." Old Missionary-"Granny, I can't (Young Missionary imitates their do anything for you here. You must rythmic clapping of hands. Patients come to my house for sick people. We watch and whisper together as Old must cut something out of your eyes Missionary and Young Missionary and then, I think, you'll be able to drink tea.) see again."

Old Missionary to Young Mi8sionary-"They think we are putting salt in our tea!"

METHODS FOR WORKERS

Granny-"I don't want you to cut Mgoniwabe. We see you Mgoniwabe.

me. I want you to put medicine for Where have you come from 1"

sight into my eyes." Old Man (sitting on haunches and Uld MiBsionary-"We can't do that. laying down bundle)-"Yebo. Ama- We must cut out what is shutting out rna. Did I know I would find you here'! the entrance of light into your eyes. I came from there." (Raising voice You needn't be afraid. Others older and pointing with lips, as is the Afrithan you have come and gone away can custom) "I went to see my son." seeing. You'll get food to eat and a blanket to cover you at night, and be Young Missionary (looking at bunvery comfortable. dle)–"Its a baby! truly, its a baby!"

Granny (shaking head disconsolate- Old Mis.~ionary-"A baby! What ly)-"It was medicine for sight I are you doing with a baby? Whose wanted." is it?" (Looking at it) "Why, its just newly born." Old Missionary to Young Missionary-"There's no use hustling her. Old Man-"I have shame, mama, Let her think it over and she'll come that a man should be carrying a baby. around." But, in the village where I slept last night the mother died when the baby Old Missionary (turns to boy with was born, the heathen women said the bandaged leg-begins to remove cov- baby would of course die too. I ering)-"Now let's see your sore." begged them to bring it to you, but they laughed and refused. They would Young Missionary (putting hand- not believe me when I told them that kerchief to her nose to cover smell)- you could save motherless babies. But "Oh, how can you stand it! and-it-is- I was sorry that this baby should die.

crawling!" I asked them to let me take it to you."

Old Missionary (down on her knees Old MisBionary-"You've carried it beginning to wash the sore)-"I all that way yourself? Twenty-five know; these sores used to make me miles! Has it had any food 7"

literally sick, they sometimes do still. Old Man-"Only some water mama."

But do you remember a poem of Whit- (Speaking proudly) "I remembered tier's? It goes something like this: that you don't approve of giving In me thou lovest me. I call solid food to babies and I could get Thee to love me in all. no milk."

Lord I will love thee as I can Old MissionarY-"Splendid! Now In every fellow man. we must try to feed it. I wish I had All sick, all suffering, all who ache. a feeding bottle here. Miss Brown- Lend all for my sake, Lord. I will see you've a fountain pen filler, haven't In every sufferer-Thee." you? May I have the rubber off it?

I'll improvise one with that and a med- (Continuing)-"I always have to icine bottle!"

keep reminding myself: IN EVERY (Young Missionary brings filler; SUFFERER-THEE." Old Missionary goes away for a mo- (To boy, as she finishes bandaging) ment while Young Missionary lifts -"Now, you too must come to the up baby-others gather around to look hospital to get your leg put right. at it.) You aren't afraid?" Old Missionary (Coming back; sits Boy (cheerily) – "Would I be down on floor and takes baby on knee) afraid? Do I not want to be able to -"Now for baby's supper." (natives walk?" gather nearer, stare, cover their Old Man (enters with spear and mouths with their hands to express club, carrying clumsily something astonishment. Boy with bad leg wrapped in a bit of old calico)- laughs aloud. Exclamations of "Hullo!" "Barna!" Two women turn to each Old Mis8ionary-"Hullo! Here's other and grasp hands.)

YIJIII1Y Missionaru–"H is eating beautiful name you Africans have beautifully." found for God. Of course all we his children everywhere must help Him Woman 'It';lh /w/I!I-"Thc wisdom in that work. But go now and thank of the white woman! Did any of us Murera Baranda." black people ever know that you could turn a bottle into a mother?" Woman with baby goes to prayers in direction of drum beats. Mission- Old Man-HCan I go now?" aries gather their things together and Young Missionary-"Yes, Mgoni- quickly repack the medicine chest. wabe. We'll look after your baby. They leave for the hospital carrying Travel well!" the baby. Old Man (rising from ground)- "Now I am a man again. Goodbye Note: Clothing of natives need conmy mothers." (Bending forward and sist only of cloth wound about body as clapping his hands in salutation.) seen in African pictures. Old Missionary-"Mgoniwabe, you were a man and a brave man not even Do not use any form of blacking; afraid of laughter when you fetched use only cocoa colored cream on exposed away this baby. And you were a-a- parts of body. Study prayerfully to real Christian. Tell them we'll be bring out the pathos which is hidden in back home tomorrow, Paweme." every word and line of this unusual (Drum b~ats are heard.) picture. Old Missionary to others-"Now your teacher is calling you all to If at all possible, have a woman phyprayers. Go and worship God. I can't sician or a trained nurse to take the part come tonight because I am going to of the doctor. attend to the baby. When you have worshiped, come back and we'll finish In no case use any chairs. Only the our medical work." one drum; and the doctor does all of (They turn to go-woman with her work from the ground. baby turns back.) Woman with baby-"Mama, what EFFEOTIVE OUTDOOR shall you call the baoy?" Old Missionary-"I don't know. EVANGELISM What name would you suggest?" Woman with baby-"Mwana wa What might be the result if during botele." the coming spring and summer there Young Missionary-"Mwa-what did should be developed by the Christian she say?" churches a great wave of outdoor Old Missionary (laughing gleefully) evangelism spreading from Los An- geles to New York and from Duluth -"Mwana wa botele! The bottle to New Orleans! baby!" (To the woman) "That will be quite a new name and a very good The following is finely suggestive one." as to how to organize for such a piece of work. Woman with baby-"We thank you, our mothers." John N. Wolf, Director of Evan- gelistic Work, National Bible Insti- Young Missionary-"What are they tute, New York, writes as follows: thanking us for? the sugar or the medicine?" The difference between effective and ineffective outdoor Gospel preaching Woman with baby-UNo, we are is measured by the hearing obtained thanking you in the name of the or- by the preacher for his message. phan baby." As the eternal welfare of souls de- pends upon the quality of the mes- Boy with bad leg-"You are Muli sage, much also depends upon whether Murera Baranda." or not those, for whom the message is intended, can be constrained to stop Old Missionary-"No, that is God. and listen. The natural man is not The nurse of the orphans-that is the interested in the Gospel. There are many things to distract and divert his attention. Satan is not willing that he should hear, consequently the Gos- pel preacher needs to exercise much

METHODS FOR WORKERS

wisdom and at times ingenuity, as did duct a meeting without a permit, some the Apostle who caught them with unpleasantness with the local officer guile, to gain attention and give the is liable to be the result. A permit Holy Spirit an opportunity to convict saves from many petty annoyances. and convert. Often unruly or drunken men in the crowd make it impossible to continue The following are a few sugges- but such disturbances have often been tions, out of many years' experience overcome by producing the permit and in outdoor Gospel preaching, to those appealing to the audience for fair play. who would obey the Master's command This hardly ever fails to bring results to go out into the highways and by- but as a last resort one can always ways: appeal to a policeman, who is com- pelled to honor the permit and protect 1. SELECTING THE LOCATION the meeting.

The first important question when A permit also assures the location. one goes fishing is, "Where do the fish The Freethinkers and I. W. W.'s and congregate?" If possible, secure a others often discovered that we had quiet place away from the noise of a good place and planned to steal it cars and traffic, but make sure the by getting there a little ahead of our people will be there. Some of our scheduled time, but in such a case, if most fruitful meetings have been con- remonstrance fails, the permit holder ducted right under the din of the can appeal to the police. Always make elevated trains. sure that you have the permit with you. Select a spot that will not cause the crowd to block the entrance of a store 3. ARRANGING THE ORDER OF SERVICE or that will prevent a show window from being in full view; for if you Be assured that nothing really worth do you will have a protest from a while ever "just happens." If you merchant, unless he is in hearty sym- would have an acceptable meeting, give pathy with you. Select a street wide attention to small details. Plan the enough for wagons to pass. This les- outfit. If possible have some musical son we learned as follows: It was a instrument. The more unusual it is hot summer's day, at the noon hour the more helpful it will be in attradin New York City's great financial ing persons to the meeting. district, and we found an invitinglooking, little street shaded and quiet. A stand for the speaker is essential. A large crowd gathered and everything It enables him to both see and be seen seemed fine, but just as we were giv- and to make himself heard. If there ing the invitation and the Spirit was is no stand available, the leader can evidently working, a large truck came go to almost any storekeeper and eialong, dispersed the crowd and brought ther borrow, or, for a few cents, buy our meeting to an abrupt end. a box on which to stand. The man en a stand above the heads ef the The corner is usually a better place crowd will always have a larger audithan the church steps. The unbeliever ence than the one who insists on speakand sinner is quite likely to pass right ing on the ground. by a meeting in front of a church, but will stop at a meeting on a corner. Many souls have been brought to the Light by means of the printed 2. SECURE A PERM IT page. For an outdoor meeting, one should always have a large supply of A permit a~~ures one of the Police Gcspel tracts and Scriptu re portions. Department's recognition of the meel- TheRe, however, should not be dising. We are to be subject to the pow- tJ'ibuted while the message is being er~ that be. Tn mOHt plae€s the Poliee delivered as it will distract the atten- Department requires one to have a tion of the audience. When distributpermit to conduct outdoor, religious ing, the workers should be stationed meetings. If it is attempted to con-

on either side of the street and a dis- apologies for conditions beyond your tance from the meeting, or else wait control. 8. Don't engage in argument.

until the close of the meeting. 9. Don't lose your temper. 10. Don't There seems to be a natural impulse, set yourself up as a good example.

with most persons, to gather behind 11. Don't read lengthy Bible passages.

the speaker. This is a great mistake; 12. Don't offer long prayers. 13.

for the stranger does not want the Don't preach too long.

front place at an outdoor meeting any USE OF MISSIONARY PICTURES more than he wants the front seat in church. The average man will not 1. Place on walls of room-pinning stand in front of a group, except at to curtains, etc., pictures of missiona distance, but will come up close, if aries and mission workers-having he can stand behind someone. There- each numbered. Give to each person fore, the wise leader will arrange his taking part a paper with numbers, and ask him to write the name of workers in front. The sympathetic missionary opposite to proper numfaces in front will encourage the ber. speaker, and, as a crown always gathers a crowd, the group in front will 2. A TRIP TO INDIA-or other act as a magnet to attract the stran- field, Home or Foreign. Pin to curgers. tains pictures of towns (numbered) The singers should know what they to be visited en route from the church are going to sing, so there will be or home from which the tour starts no embarrassing pauses caused by the (this will include the home church, nervous fumbling of hymn books, etc. one or two familiar scenes near home; several scenes in Chicago; interest- The meeting should go on without any ing places en route to coast; ship, break whatsoever. The majority of etc.) outdoor attendants are on their way somewhere, and every pause in the Pictures of general and church in- meeting serves as a reminder of their terest in the field studied, with picerrand and limited time, and, as a tures of mission workers, etc.; pictures of interesting cities en route rule, they are not slow to act. home, via Pacific. Each person taking The personal workers, and every part has sheet of paper, with numbers, meeting should have them, must be beside which he writes name of place ready to get in personal touch with to correspond with picture numbered. any who show signs of interest or Sheets may be exchanged and corthose who respond to the invitation. rected; or each correct his own, as They should get their names and ad- the leader reads the correct answers. dresses so that they can be followed There is hardly a limit to which this up and established. may be used.

The speaker's message should be 3. Pin on back of individual card prepared, as there are many disturb- bearing name of missionary (or a ances to divert thought. If he at- country.) The bearer may ask questempts to speak without preparation, tions, to which he may receive a "yes" his audience will quickly discover it. or "no,"-but nothing else. From this The outdoor audience is a most crit- information he must determine who ical audience. he is (or what country it is). When DON'TS FOR OUTDOOR SPEAKERS he determines this, the card is pinned 1. Don't criticize fellow Christians. on his breast.

2. Don't be personal in remarks. 3. 4. Have groups gather around small Don't give offense to any nationality tables on which are placed missionary or creed. 4. Don't discuss debated magazines (illustrated) with scissors, doctrines. 5. Don't discuss politics. paste and sheets of paper size of the 6. Don't waste time giving good ad- magazine. Call one table "India," an- vice on hygiene, etc. 7. Don't make other "China," another "Children's

METHODS FOR WORKERS

THE OGONELFIlR':v:~"" IS S THE MILL..

THIiT IiNY DAY THE LITTLE ,","'.I"""""'.r.I.A:,tI."

CIlN LOOK OUT, /lND SEE ~. 7HEMEN ') lIT PL/lY!

These posters may be used in connection with the study of child labor in Dr. Shriver's, "What Next in Home Missions" and in Dr. Oxnam's, "Youth and the New America."

If these posters are made in colors by an artist who is sympathetically interpretive, and placed in one of the "thoroughfares" of your church their silent teaching will mold sentiment and action.

Stories," another "Best Methods," etc. Tho Clouds in their darkness may gather, Have each group prepare several pages And ages in turn pass away, for the new magazine which is to be Unaltered as laws of creation launched. Then call the groups to- The Lights of the firmament stay, gether, and have the different editors Let the nations whose banners are wavexplain the pictures chosen. ing Song Those emblems of beauty and light, Stand firm for protection united (Tune: Three Cheers for the Red, As follow the day and the night. White and Blue.) CHORUS (Sung on all passenger ships of T. K. K. Line at least once between San Hurrah! For the Sun and the Stars Francisco and Yokohama.) Banzai! For the Stars and the Sun; Deep down in all hearts it is written, '£he God of the Nations Is One The Life of the Nations is One. The sun and the stars in the heavens United in radiance shine. Tho language and customs may differ, Their light, like a mantle of glory, Tho kingdoms their courses have run, Descends as a blessing divine. Tho races and people have altered, Let the nations whose banners are wav- O'er all shine the Stars and the Sun; Let the Nations whose banners are wav- ing, The Sign of the Stars and the Sun, ing Give light to the earth and its people. The symbols that never shall cease. United in purpose as One. Insure for the earth and its people The blessings of safety and peace. CHORUS CHORUS Hurrah! For the Sun and the Stars, Banzai! For the Stars and the Sun, Hurrah! For the Sun and Stars Inscribed on the skies it is written. Banzai! For the Stars and the Sun; Enshrined in all Life it is written, The Heart of the Nations is One. The God of the Nations is One.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York LEGISLATIVE MATTERS to take cognizance of three compara- Report, Committee of Connell of Women for tively recent occurrences. Home Missions, AIrs. Samuel Semple, Chairman. presented at Annual Meeting, Atlantic City, The first is the result of the nation- N. J., January, 1929. al election in November. Certain ex- Your committee has comparatively tremely vocal elements in the political little of direct action to report. Be- world (regardless of party associa- tions) insisted that that election cause the Council is an interwoven should be considered a popular refbody, made up of organizations which, erendum on the liquor question. taken together, cover the whole coun- While such a referendum in due form try, the matter of legislation must was not provided for at that time, necessarily come before it chiefly as and while the recent election was afregards federal action. Because, in fected by many cross-currents of poaddition to this, the field of its cor- litical, personal, and popular opinion, porate legislative interest must be those who demanded that the results carefully defined and limited, it is ob- of the election should serve as a refviously proper that the subjects on erendum received small comfort from which such joint interest may be ex- the event. An analysis of the results pressed are but few. It is also obvious of the election fail to justify in any that the subjects selected should be particular the claim that there is a those directly and plainly related to general revolt against actual prohihuman welfare measured on the Chris- bition in this country. Aside from the tian basis. item of the presidential contest itself, with its implications concerning pro- At the present time the four sub- hibition, it is noteworthy that, in conjects selected by the Council as be- gressional contests where that issue longing in a category so outlined are: was involved, the "dry" contestant Indian Welfare, Prohibition, the World won out; and the outstanding. expo- Court, and Child Labor. nents of the "wets" were defeated.

On Indian Wel/are the Council for- The second point of recent interest mally presented a petition to the Congressional Committee on Appropriations, asking for more adequate is the Durant award, with the plan for financial provision for the teaching better prohibition enforcement sub- staff of Indian schools, in order that mitted by Mr. Chester P. Mills. The better equipped teachers may be se- emphasis in that plan upon the weak- cured for those institutions. The pe- ness in the handling of permits for tition was cordially received, and the the distribution of industrial alcohol promise given to do all possible in calls attention to the responsibility of that line. the treasury department in granting On Prohibition the Council is and supervising such permits. That pledged to the support and defense of department insists that past defects the Eighteenth Amendment, and of in the syste:n have been remedied, and the Volstead Act. During the past that the present real trouble in enyear, in spite of much discussion and forcement lies in liquor smuggled from many verbal attacks, there has been abroad over land or sea· boundaries. no actual legislative attack on either This difference of opinion amou~ts of these items in our federal legisla- to an agreement that these two sources tion. In view of the continuous threats of illicit liquor are the sore spots Of such procedure, however, it is well ill the enforcement of the law, and 216 the roots of that business known gen- business this Resolution is in abeyance, erally as bootlegging. but at intervals shows signs of life. Its prominence has been over-shad- The third point to be observed is owed for the present by the Pact of the decision of the federal district Paris, popularly known as the Briandcourt at Philadelphia that in court Kellogg Multilateral Treaty for the handling of liquor cases the buyer, Renunciation of War as an instrument as well as the seller of oootieg liquors of national policy. may be indicted for breaking the law if any degree of transportation is in- Though this treaty has not been volved. formally included in the Council's au- thorization for legislative action, it is This calls sharp attention to the in every way SD allied to the interests fact that it takes two to make a boot- marked out fDr this committee that leggeI'; and should bring home to the actiDn supporting the treaty was asconscience of the nation the fact that sumed to be in line with the commitlaw observance is as much a part of tee's duty. Every opportunity for such national probity as is law enforcement. support has been seized. While keeping guard over the Eighteenth Amendment and its enforcing On Child Labor the situation in fedlegislation, this Council should also eral legislation has also been one of insist, in its teachings and influence, "watchful waiting." The Child Labor upon the responsibility of organiza- Amendment proposed for the federal tions and individuals for law observ- constitution is still alive, but no recent ance. The General Council of the progress in its ratification can be re- Presbyterian Church has asked that ported. In the field of state legisla- Sunday, March third of the coming tion cDncerning child labDr, it can be year be observed as Law Observance reported that improvements to some Sunday throughout that denomination; degree have been made during the and it is hoped that other churches last bi-ennium in Alabama, Connectimay adopt the same plan. cut, District of Columbia, Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Minnesota, New On the World Court the Council is Jersey, New York, North Carolina, pledged to the support of all measures Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island. Most that may lead to adherence of the Unit- of these improvements have been efed States to the Permanent Interna- fected by direct legislation, some by tional Court of Justice, established broader construction of existing laws under a provision of the League of by States' Attorneys General, and s~me Nations, with its entirely independent by advanced rulings of State Comexistence located at the Hague. The missions or Industrial Boards. CDmfacts that such a court has been in- plementary to such advance in cluded in the dreams of American legislation bearing directly on Child statesmen since the days of William Labor is legislation on compulsory Penn, and that this particular court schoDI attendance; and in certain owes its set-up largely to American states advance has been made in that leadership and legal acumen seem suf- line. finient justifieati~n for the Council's support. The distinguished service Also bearing Dn the whole subject, of the Hon. John Bassett Moore as and laying foundation for future wisone of its first judges, now to be er legislation are the careful studies followed by that of the Hon. Charles and surveys of child labor that have Evans Hughes, should further recom- been made' in different sections of the mend it to American judgment. eounh'Y, some by private organiza- tions, some by state bureaus. and some The Gillette Resolution, now before by, or with the aid of. federal agencies Congress, provides for our country's Among these special mention may be adherence to this Court. It has re- made of studies in Pennsylvania and ceived support from your committee. Mississippi. The Pennsylvania study In the present press of Congressional

is noteworthy because it was under- tablished work for migratory children taken jointly by the Bureau of Women employed with their parents, or at and Children in Industry and the State least shifting with their parents in Department of Public Instruction, and the many seasonal occupations in difthe information was secured directly ferent parts of the country, will be from the little workers of the State bills aimed to prevent the premature who, under its law, are in attendance employment of such children, and to upon continuation school eight hours secure for them the advantage of coneach week. The naive replies to some tinued education. It is planned, for of the questionnaires filled out by the instance, that a simultaneous effort children were windows into their lives shall be made in Pennsylvania, Maryand worlds. land, and New Jersey to secure the passage of a law in each state under Allied with legislation on child la- which no nonresident child shall be bor are certain movements in the ed- employed during the time when the ucational world concerned with the laws of his resident state require his development of vocational training attendance in school. The desirability and guidance. There is also indica- of such regulation jointly enacted is tion of an interest in a revival of demonstrated by the migrations of exact apprenticeship, under modern working children across state boundconditions, and under the safeguard- aries in thickly populated sections of ing of the state. A round table dis- the country. Incidently such a situcussion on apprenticeship was a ation furnishes one of the best argufeature of the recent meeting of the ments for federal regulation of child National Vocational Educational As- labor. sociation held in Philadelphia. Wisconsin already has an apprenticeship Recommendations law whereby the state and the child's legal guardians (parents or otherwise) 1. Continuance of interest in Inenter into an agreement with the em- dian education. ployer as to the young person's industrial training. 2. That Law Observance Sunday on March 3d be urged, and its use ex- All this is of special importance as tended. That that phase of the presindication of the growing conviction ent situation-i. e. law observancethat the problem of child labor legis- be incorporated in as many programs lation is not merely negative and re- of all church women's organizations strictive. It must be increasingly as possible, this to be considered an constructive and educational. educational campaign to protect our existing prohibition legislation. The Council and its constituent membership should maintain a con- 3. That interest in the Briand-Kelsistent interest in this subject through logg Multilateral Treaty be continued, residents in the various states. Most urging its ratification by the Senate; advance in child labor legislation has that the World Court be continuously come through agitation in individual supported; and that any similar fedstates, working toward a general eral propositions looking toward imstandard. To quote, "The best results proved international relations that will not be attained until the people may develop during the year, and that in their thinking come to want higher meet with the approval of the Adminstandards so much that their wants istrative Committee of the Council, will become a popular demand upon shall be supported. the legislature." 4. That Council constituents in all January will see the convening of parts of the country, and individual many state legislatures, and items church women be urged to study child concerning child labor will come be- labor legislation in their individual fore many of them. Of particular states and support the best items of interest to the Council, with its es- such programs.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION

EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN. 419 Fourth Avenue. New York THE DETROIT MEETING wife of the resident Bishop of Detroit, gave a word of welcome and intro- The Foreign Mi….ion Conference of duced Mrs. Silverthorn who spoke of North AlUerica and the Federation her experiences at Jerusalem where of Woman'. Board.. of Foreign fifty-one nations were represented and Milsions where forty women from East and West lived together in one hut for Detroit was a new experience for the Foreign Missionary groups. The two weeks. Mrs. Silverthorn stressed annual meetings are usually held (Jan- the unity in diversity. the realization uary 14-18) in a quiet place apart of the common task for Christians from the hurry and turmoil of the the world around-that of making the city. The work of women has been Lord known-and the best methods to considered in separate meetings of find the facts and to demonstrate the the Federation although a few wom- power of the Christian message by en have been among delegates and daily living the Christ life. Mrs. Silofficers of the Foreign Missions Con- verthorn expressed her own feeling ference. This year because for both that the oriental women she met at the men and women the Jerusalem meet- Jerusalem Council were "quite our ing of the International Missionary peers" and emphasized the fact that Council was to be the basis of the we are working together as equalsprogram, joint sessions seemed desir- not patrons but partners.

able and it was so arranged. In order Dr. Jones out of a rich experience to eliminate certain difficulties con- during twenty-one years in India picnected with race relations it was de- tured the life there in its great con- cided to go to the Statler Hotel in trasts. There is extreme poverty and Detroit. Perhaps the experience was amazing wealth; there is meditation on the spiritual and yet a belief that good for us and we were glad to see physical water can cleanse from spirso many new faces but we found our- itual sin; there woman has had her selves nearer to "The Sidewalks of most difficult time and yet the Taj New York" than seemed helpful to Mahal was erected to the memory of our meditations a{.ld deliberations.

Preliminary meetings of the Fed- a woman and today a woman, Madam eration for business were held on Mon- Sarojini Naidu, now in this country, day and Tuesday morning. A luncheon has been president of the National for women Monday noon at which E. Congress of India. Sex relations at Stanley Jones and Mrs. E. H. Silver- their best and at their worst may be thorn were the speakers was attended found in India. Everything is chang- by more than a thousand women. In ing in India today. every custom is in the absence of Mrs. William Edgar the melting pot. Youth is eager.

Geil, president of the Federation who There is need not of blind credulity was detained by illness, Mrs. Daniel but a faith, open-eyed, unafraid. In J. Fleming was the very gracious pre- the presence of Jesus Ghrist Dr. Jones siding officer. Mrs. Brennan, the presi- would have us all face this changing dent of the Detroit Federation, was life and to women he made special introduced. Mrs. Thomas Nicholson, appeal to remember what woman owes president of the Woman's Foreign to Jesus. Missionary Society of the Methodist On Monday night a beautiful hour Episcopal Church, member of the In- of music and meditation had been ternational Missionary Council and planned. Mrs. Charles Kirkland Roys 219

and Miss Helen Kitteredge gave out classes, including the farmer commuof the richness of their own lives. nities. It is Mr. Yen's purpose not only to educate, but to Christianize At the annual meeting of the Fed- and one of the most gratifying things eration on Tuesday morning Mrs. J 08- that happened at Detroit was accomephine Stearns, the executive secretary plished by Miss Clementina Butler of the New National Commission of who secured from individuals $500.00 Protestant Church Women, of which with which to put "Happy Childhood," the Federation is a part, spoke of the a Christian magazine, at the disposal work ahead and of the way by which of Mr. Yen in his work among the the women had come to form this masses in China. commission. Much time and thought on the part of the Federation and of Africa and China received special the Council of Women for Home Mis- attention but for the most part the sions have gone into defining the re- time was given to topics of world-wide lationship and it is hoped that the concern. The address of the Reverend real interest of Christian women may J. W. Holley, D.D. was most illumibe set forward in using this new ma- nating and convincing. The other chinery. speakers who had attended the con- ference in Africa testified to what the The joint program of the Foreign presence of Dr. and Mrs. Holley meant Missions Conference began Tuesday to the African people. To see two of afternoon with the prayer service con- their own race so well equipped proved ducted by Bishop Nicholson. Dr. Dif- one of the most striking testimonies fendorfer, chairman of the Committee to the power of the Gospel. Miss on Arrangements, spoke briefly of the Lucy Wang with exquisite simplicity character and purpose of the meeting told how she became a Christian. and expressed the hope that this meet- Many of us felt with the chairman of ing might assume knowledge of the the Conference, Rev. James 1. Vance, Jerusalem recommendations and go D.D., that if we had heard nothing forward to action. Analysis of pres- else at this meeting it was worth the ent trends and attitudes toward For- expense of coming to Detroit to see eign Missions were discussed by Mr. and hear such a Christian leader as C. H. Fahs, Miss Gertrude Schultze, Miss Lucy Wang, President of Hwa Dean T. W. Graham, and the Rev- Nan, the Woman's College in Fooehow. erend E. Stanley Jones. The Christian Message was dis- An outstanding speaker, Mr. Y. C. cussed before the whole group very J ames Yen, who has demonstrated his ably by Dr. Robert E. Speer, Mrs. theories in his own country, spoke on Thomas Nicholson, Dr. Halford E. "Meeting the Needs of Rural Popu- Luceock and in smaller sectional meetlations." Mr. Yen is the originator ings the following topics were conand leader of mass education in China. sidered: Religious Education, Race Many regard his work as one of the Relations, Rural Life, Industry, Home great miracles of modern times. He Cultivation. At the last eveninf~ sesbegan with 300,000 Chinese coolies sion Dr. E. D. Soper spoke on "Inbehind the lines in the Great War in terpreting the New Attitude Toward France-men who could not read or Other Faiths," and Mr. Stanley High write. With 1,000 characters he made on "Interpreting Missions to Young it possible for those men to communi- People." cate with their families. When he returned to China he continued this Dr. Diffendorfer in presenting :1 work and today hundreds of thousands summary of Trends of Thinking dos-d of men and women in China, who with emphasis on ways to meet the grew up in illiteracy, are able to read Hituation. We mUHt get the factH. and write because of the consecration fare them and place them before thp of one man. This movement has public and cooperate in bringing them spread all over China among all to bear on future action.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

The retiring' chairman, Dr. Vance, of many who have not been touched in made a stirring address on the last any other way. The missionary motive morning. His successor, Miss Helen will permeate our churches and our civ- Calder, of the American Board, is the ilization only as it more completely perfirst woman president of the Foreign meates the lives of those who are Missions Conference. The joint meet- responsible for the conduct of missionary ings were closed Friday noon by a work. very inspiring address by Dr. James Endicott of the United Church of Ca- THE STANLEY JONES TESTI. nada. MONIAL DINNER In the afternoon another session of One thousand persons representing the Federation was held with the new president, Mrs. F. I. Johnson, in the twenty-four city, national and interchair, to complete business, accept the report of the Findings Committee an'd national organizations and numerous to hear from that celebrated medical missionary Dr. Ida Scudder something denominations tendered a testimonial of the progress of her work in the past twenty-five years in Vellore. dinner to Dr. E. Stanley Jones, the From no work and no workers to the fine new hospital that provides for 200 missionary, evangelist and author patients and a roadside work where 10,000 to 15,000 are treated annually from India, at the Waldorf-Astoria, is a long journey. Eight Western doctors and two Indian doctors carry New York, on January 11. It was one on. Dr. Scudder is eager to return to India but is in this country now to of the greatest tributes that the city help raise the needed endowment for this hospital. has ever paid to a religious leader.

We may close this report with the Some of his pointed sentences were as following extract from the Findings: follows: – We recommend that the Findings of the Jerusalem Conference be given a "What we are trying to do is to unique and vital place in the study and give India Christ and to let them inthinking of the Boards and of individ- terpret Him through their own genius ual Board members during the coming and life. If the East can show us weeks and months. something better than the Christ then we will sit at the feet of the East." These Findings and reports interpret the challenge of the Gospel message for "One of the first things that impels us here and now in the world as we us as missionaries is a basic belief in actually face it. Far more important men. The missionary enterprise beto the Foreign Missionary enterprise lieves in people, apart from race, birth than methods of education or plans for and color. It says there are no permapromotion of interest; far more im- nently inferior peoples. There are unportant than appeals to others for mon- developed races, but there are untold ey, for service or for life enlistment possibilities in every human personwould be the influence of a great host of ality. A negro preacher to the Amermissionary administrators and Board ican Indians laid the foundation of members whose lives in thought and ac- the missionary work of the Methodist tion constantly and increasingly reveal Church. A Mohammedan looked at the transforming power of Jesus Christ some of the outcastes of India who and His own passion for the redemption had been lifted out of their lowly conof the world. dition by Christian missionaries and said, 'Here you have turned animals We believe that the tender and compell- into men.''' ing force of such a witness as this, together with the new earnestness of in- Dr. Jones also says: "We believe dividual and united prayer which would there are three great elemental needs result, could not fail to carry the mis- of the East and West: an adequate sionary conviction deep into the hearts goal for character; a free, full life; God. We believe that Jesus in a su- preme way gives these three things.

..A brother of Tagore of India said, 'Jesus is ideal and wonderful, but you Christians-you are not like him.'''

AMERICA manlike policies and plans for

winning of America to Jesus Christ. HODle Missions Council Looking forward to this congress the Council is organizing in every state, AT THE Annual Meeting of the either a State Home Missions Coun- .tl Home Missions Council which cil, or as a Federation of Churches, with a strong home missions departwas held in the First Presbyterian ment. Eight new state home missions Church in Atlantic City, New Jersey, councils were organized during the January 8-10, 1929, the magnitude of past year and several others were rethe home mission enterprise was re- organized. Each state is to be survealed anew by the fact that there are veyed in detail, so that complete inseventy-two boards doing home mis- formation will be available concerning sionary work, and, of these, twenty- what has been done and what ought to eight report 15,608 workers, 28,175 be done, overlapping, underchurching, enterprises apd an expenditure of etc. The survey of New Hampshire forty-four and one-half million dol- has been completed and the report in lars. This work supports 14,721 printed form is available. Three comchurches and 6,847 preaching sta- missions, with more than one hundred tions. Truly the home missionary en- members, under strong leaderships, terprise is a great one. It is, as the are studying "The Task and Adminissecretary said, "big business." tration of Home Missions," "The Promotion of Home Missions," and The unfinished task of home mis- "Cooperation in Home Missions." sions was shown by the large number These commissions will report their of people in the homeland, divided into findings and make suggestions to the groups by language, occupation or lo- Washington Congress, so that a more cation, who are under-privileged, not united and adequate approach may be so much from the financial and social, made by Protestantism to the common as from the religious viewpoint. The task of making America Christian. list of these groups which are either wholly neglected or inadequately ministered to, religiously, is longer, and their needs are greater, than we are accustomed to think. The special at- AD1erican Jews tention of the Council was directed to these groups in both city and country, T HE United States had at the end and the facts presented revealed the of 1927 a Jewish population of 4,- situation that the unfinished task of 228,029, according to Dr. H. S. Linhome missions is still very great, and field, director of the statistical departthat the needs are demanding. ment of the American Jewish· Com- mittee. Many interesting facts have Plans for a better knowledge of the been brought to light. field of home missions and a more adequate occupation of the field were Not only has the United States by given the major emphasis of the Coun- far the largest Jewish population of cil. In 1930 there will be held in any country in the world, but this is Washington, D. C., a National Inter- even more phenomenally the most denominational Home Missions Con- prosperous. New York has 1,765,000 gress. The purpose of the Congress Jews-the largest community of Jews is to make a study of home mis- known in the history of the race. sionary needs and to outline states- While the Jews are still largely an 222

WORLb-WIlYE OUTLOOK

urban people, there is a marked tend- not a byword of reproach."-Record .

ency to disperse and move to smaller of Christian Work.

towns and rural areas. Jews are found in 3,943 rural incorporated vil- A Bottle Evangelist lages of 2,500 or less, and in 3,292 un- PROBABLY no method of spreading incorporated districts. Many of these the Gospel is more unique than the are engaged in agriculture. one followed by Miss Juniata Angle- myer, for forty years a helpless in- The total number of Jews in the valid of Fremont, Nebraska. Her United States is divided as follows: method is to seal printed tracts in bottles, and cast them on the waters 109,600 in rural areas. of the Platte River. She believes that 185,967 in towns of 2,500 and over. if anyone will read even a small por- 3,932,462 in cities of 25,000 and tion of Scripture the Truth will make over. its own appeal, for did not the Mas- More than two-thirds of entire J ew- ter say: "The words that I speak unto ish population reside in these eleven cities.

New York ……………. , 1,765,000 you, they are the spirit and they are Chicago ………………. 325,000 life." Philadelphia …………… 270,000 While in her teens, Miss Angle- Boston ……………….. 90,000 myer contracted arthritis, and for Cleveland …………….. 85,000 Detroit ………•……… 75,000 twenty-three years she lay in a Day- Baltimore .. :………….. 68,000 ton, Ohio hospital. By patient per- Los Angeles …………… 65,000 severance she has learned to write with an almost useless hand, her let- Newark. … ………… … 65,000 Pittsburgh ……………. 53,000 St. Louis …………….. , 50,000 ters so filled with light and the spirit -Our Jewish Neighbors. of faith that their influence is felt in far off places. It is a matter of pride The Negro Boy's Oa.th with her that she has improved and NEGRO boys are being taught the extended her work, sealing her bottles following oath, it is said: with waterproof material so that the "I will never bring disgrace upon contents may remain legible after bemy race by any unworthy deed or dis- ing in the water for years. Some honorable act. I will live a clean, de- have been tossed into the Pacific in cent life, and will ever respect and de- the hope that they may be washed to fend the virtue and honor of woman- some foreign shore, and she has had hood. I will uphold and obey the just letters of thanks, giving proof that laws of my country and of the com- her messages had been found.-The munity in which I live, and will en- King's Business.

courage others to do likewise. I will not allow prejudice, injustice, insult A New Mormon Utopia A or outrage to cower my spirit or sour NEW type of Utopia, in which every worker will be taxed all of my soul, but will ever preserve the inner freedom of heart and conscience. his earnings above the amount neces- I will not allow myself to be overcome sary to provide a living for his family, of evil, but will strive to overcome evil is to be established on a tract of 11,000 with good. I will endeavor to develop acres recently purchased in the Ozark and exert the best powers within me Mountains by the Reorganized Church for my own personal improvement, of Latter Day Saints. The colony, al- and will strive unceasingly to quicken though operated along communistic the sense of racial duty and responsi- lines, will depend upon the religious bility. I will in all these ways aim to standards of members rather than on uplift my race, so that to every one economic laws for success. Announce- bound to it by ties of blood it shall ment of the project came from Dr.

become a bond of ennoblement, and Frederick M. Smith, President of the

Latter Day Saints' Church, and direct the U. S. The American Missionary descendant of .Toseph M. Smith, one Association has cooperated with this of the founders of the Monnon student group in looking into social Church. and economic conditions. Recently, the Chinese Student Christian Asso- In the Ozark Zion every member ciation has decided to appoint a secrewill be protected with life insurance tary to give more special attention to and financed by the colony. Members this work. It is an axiom that the of the colony will own their own most effective work is done by the houses, but schools, churches, public nationals themselves, and it is signifiutilities, and public enterprises will be cant that those who have enjoyed privowned by boards of trustees. ileges are feeling this responsibility for others. Indians and President Coolidge United Home Missions in Canada. PRESIDENT COOLIDGE, when he visited the Sioux tribe of Indians THE United Church of Canada has at Pine Ridge Reservation, was pre- 1,571 Home Mission fields with 4, sented with a memorial by a. group of 368 preaching places, constituting Christian Indians which was in truth about 56% of the preaching points in a challenge to Home Missions. Part the whole Church. Since the General of it is as follows: Council meeting in June, 1926, 375 fields have been taken off the list of You have seen much of war paint and those receiving aid, having reached feathers and dances. These are all things the status of self-support, and 285 new of yesterday, which mean little today and fields have been opened with an averwill mean nothing tomorrow. The hope age of between three and four preachof our people lies in education, industry ing points in each. The United and religion, and we pray that you will Church has thus occupied new Home help us find these necessities for a use- Mission territory within two years at ful life. Give to us, great Father, un- more than 1,000 points in Canada. derstanding, sympathy and protection. In the America which was ours before Re-arrangement of fields and amalit was yours we desire to take our place gamations of for mer competitive in the ranks of Christian citizenship. Home Mission charges, rendered pos- sible by a Union of the churches, are -Woman's Missionary Magazine. responsible for sixty-five charges reaching self-support during the past Mexican Texans year, w hi I e thirty-two additional charges have by normal growth and FEW realize the significance of the the prosperity of the country also fact that from one-seventh to one- ceased receiving aid. The Board of fifth the population of Texas, or 750,- Home Missions expends more than one 000 to 1,000,000, are Mexican. The and one-quarter million dollars animmigration increase is probably 30,- nually. 000 a year, and of this about 90% from the ranks of the unskilled. The LATIN AMERICA Southern Presbyterian Church endeavors to turn this situation into an Fifty Years in Mexico asset, with a result of 40 organized churches, 18 ministers and 2,246 MISS ALICE J. McCLELAND, church members. In our Baptist writing for the Christian Obmission at Waco, Texas, 700 converts server, makes the following comments have been made in 15 years. on the results of fifty years' effort to- ward the evangelization of our neigh- Help for Chinese Com:mnnist. bor to the South: DURING the past few years, Chi- Evangelical missionaries began work- nese students in America, have ing in Mexico over fifty years ago and begun to concern themselves in behalf of unprivileged groups of their own people in the Chinese communities of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

have devoted themselves to preaching the turn. It has proved that it can sur- Gospel, to education and to healing. vive a crisis, and native pastors are Much effort has been expended in the t a kin g an increasingly important circulation of the Bible, which was an al- share in the work. most unknown Book, even to the priests. Today there are enough Evangelical The fourth group affected by the law comprises occult sects, such as Christians in the country to make their Spiritualists and Theosophists, who influence felt in all phases of life. There evade restrictions by calling themare churches which are entirely self- s e I v e s philosophic organizations. supporting, and the different church or- These sects also satisfy the craving of ganizations are rapidly becoming self- the masses for the miraculous. governing and self-propagating. The function of foreign missionaries has been changing and many readjustments have been made and will have to be made to meet these conditions. But they are con- Progress in Central America ditions due to the success of the enterprise, and the readjustments necessary ON MY trip into Central America can be made with thankful hearts. and Mexico, I was rejoiced to see the wonderful progress made in the The following quotation from a let- past eight years. In one district ter from the field will show how the where eight years ago there were not Mexican ministers are carrying for- more than twelve preaching places to ward their part of the task: the Indians, today there are eighty- In the country districts the prospects four. In another district where there for the acceptance of the Gospel are es- were seventy or less, there are more pecially promising. In one congregation than one hundred and fifty. Then there about twenty-five miles below one of the were less than seven hundred Indians stations, on the railroad, fifty-four adults were baptized a month ago. This is a in the entire country who had been . congregation that the Mexican pastor has reached, while now there are eight largely cultivated under the guidance of thousand or more among three tribes. The missionaries told me that where the Holy Spirit, though the missionaries have given a little assistance. He has Spanish churches had become dead and moribund, when the Indians begreat enthusiasm for the work out in the gan to be reached, the Spanish small villages. He has recently opened churches became alive and active. In up work in several villages near Lake parts of the country where eight years Patzcuaro where the Tarasco Indians live. In one village 200 were present one night, and in another 150. In two of the villages the Indians have moved the organs of the Catholic church down ago there were practically no Indian near the door, and our preachers have Christians, today there are about fifty used them for teaching Gospel hymns. organized churches.-L. L. LEGTERS, There are no priests to visit the villages, Pioneer Mission Agency.

and in most of the places no one has education enough to conduct a Catholic Bible Selling in Panama service.

Mexico in TraD$ition I T IS proverbially difficult to sell Bi- bles in Catholic lands and in about THE constitutional provisos regard- 90 per cent of our calls we sell nothing. ing worship and the Mexican gov- If I fail to make a sale I leave a Scripernment's edict of June, 1926, affects ture portion if the occupants can read at least four religious groups in Mex- or will receive it. In the province of ico. The Roman Catholics have been Chiriqui in the republic of Panama in led to open revolt, in some sections as three months' work I left 9,942 por- yet unsuppressed. The assassination tions of the Word of God, much of it of General Obregon is but a single in- in places never hitherto visited. Dur- cident of the rebellion. ing July we held street meetings in The civil authorities are hoping for the City of Colon, which is perhaps the success of an independent Mexican for its size the wickedest city in the Church, while for the most part Prot- world. During that month we dis- estantism has taken an encouraging tributed 3,657 portions of the Word in 5

English, Spanish, French, Yiddish, olic Missionary Society has been Chinese, Italian, and many of the lan- formed, a holiday decreed called "The guages of India. Day of the Gospel" and a prominent man of letters has written a book I took the trouble for a day and a entitled "The Invisible Christ." Prothalf to gather the statistics of why estant Sunday-school methods, even people do not buy our Scriptures. In tent meetings have been used. But twelve hours' work I had 240 pros- such aggressive tactics are better than pects, which classified as follows: the former dead materialism. The door of opportunity will swing open, 50 hindered by poverty. and must not be allowed to close. 24 promised to find me later. 14 homes, no responsible person. EUROPE 2 poor eyesight. A FamJly of Eight Thousand 18 downright fanatics. 26 absolutely indifferent. T o FEED, clothe, house and edu- 3 sickness. cate 8,000 boys and girls is no light 30 already had Testaments. undertaking, even in these days of 43 could neither read nor write. wonders. That is the daily task of 5 could not classify. Dr. Barnardo's Homes. 25 bought Scriptures. It was in the early 'sixties when That is a pretty good average cross- the late Dr. Barnardo laid down his section of conditions in Central Amer- now famous Charter: "No destitute ica.-R. C. H. in The Word of Life. child ever refused admission."

Broadcasting the Gospel In the sixty-two years since then, the tally of orphan and destitute little WE USE our Radio transmitter to ones admitted to Dr. Earnardo's carry the message to invisible Homes has reached the high figure of audiences in the Argentine. There 105,500. Over 2,000 boys and girls are now more than twenty-five re- and babies entered the "Ever-Open ceiving stations in this city with from Door" in 1927, and the present numsix to eight loud speakers. When I ber of the family is almost 8,000, transmit they can hear nothing else some hundreds of whom are crippled from other parts, so they have to hear or afflicted in various ways.-The for at least one hour on the nights Christian. of transmission. The new bishop has also a fine receiving station with his Salvation Army Rule RefOrn1 aerial wire from the tower of the Cathedral. We avoid all possible al- I N SAILING for England, National lusions to the church or their doc- Commander Evangeline Boo t h trines, and seek only to present Christ sent a long wireless message to the through simple explanation of the way New York Times, dated December 22d. of Salvation, illustrations and Gospel The substance of it was this: When singing. Sometimes my wife or I give the great founder died, he left to the a Gospel solo, and sometimes sing to- Army the rule that he was to be sucgether. ceeded by his son and that future leaders were to be appointed on lines Rome Wakes Up in Argentine of nepotism. Since then, the organ- ization has spread over the world, to NEITHER Evangelical Christianity mission lands in particular. Miss nor the Roman Church has flour- Booth radioed the following and much ished in Argentina, but within the more: "I feel the onerous responsibilyear has come a singular awakening, ity laid upon me and my five Amerinot as a furtherance of the true Gos- can commissioners of representing the pel, but as an attack against Protes- United States on the High Council of tantism and the United States, as its the Salvation Army, consisting of promotors frankly aver. A new Cath- sixty-three delegates from all parts of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the world, which will assemble on Jan- Finnish Misslon Progress uary 8th in London. The task allotted to the Council is to harmonize the SINCE its organization in 1859, the present constitution of our organiza- Finnish Missionary Society of tion with a broader form of govern- Helsingfors has extended its operament which will put into force a tion into provinces of Hunan and long-looked-for measure of reform, in- Hupeh, China, into Palestine, where creasing both individual and collective work is done among the Moslems and responsibility for the salvation of the Jews, and into Amboland in southbodies and souls of men." west Africa. In addition, the society maintains city and home mission The Salvation Army officials here work in Finland. The first Finnish believe that this means the deposition missionaries were sent to Amboland of her brother, General Bramwell just sixty. years ago, in 1868. The Booth, who has been in feeble health beginnings were not promising: the for two years, and her appointment first baptisms were not administered as head of the world-wide Army, until 1883, missionaries were few, and though she rejects the latter proposi- the support from home was inadetion. Manifest fitness for leadership quate. But God has greatly blessed and world-wide policies should dom- the field, especially during the last ten inate the new General, and not the years. In 1907 there were 1,661 Chriscontinuance of the old "Dynasty" tians; in 1917 there were 3,400, and scheme, they ·think. in 1927 there were 21,037, with over 2,000 catechumens and 6,112 pupils Italian Fascist Youth Organizations in elementary and other schools. Be- sides fifty-one European workers, T HE following figures give an idea there are now more than 260 native of the extent to which the Italian workers, of whom seven are ordained Fascists Movement has permeated the ministers. The Bible is translated in youth of Italy, and of the systematic Ndonga, but only the New Testament, efforts which it is making to train the Psalms and the books of the major the new generation in the Fascist prophets are printed. A bi-monthly spirit: religious paper is published. The schools have received no grants from Men Fascists ………….. . 1,027,010 the British Administration, but some Women Fascists ……….. . 88,006 grants of drugs. have been received "Young Italians" ………. . 66,253 for medical. work, and, from this year, "Little Italians" ……….. . 365,781 a grant of 300 pounds for hospital University Groups ……… . 16,965 upkeep in Ndonga.-N. L. C. B. Avanguardisti …………. . 325,127 Balilla •……………….. 780,937 Total ……………….. 2,670,078 If to this total are added those en- An Anti-Religious Campaign rolled in the various national syndicates and Fascist associations under ANTI-RELIGIOSNIK, the anti-rethe direct control of the party, the ligious newspapers of Moscow, retotal number would be 6,814,703. ports that anti-religious propaganda in Russia is carried on with special Spiritual and religious education is intensity during the time of the in the hands of 560 chaplains. By a Church festivals, as for instance at recent decree four naval training ships Christmas-tide. Anti-religious "cells" have been placed at the disposal of are formed or re-adapted for the camthe National Balilla organization for paign; anti-religious wall-newspapers the naval divisions of the Balilla and are published; preparatory lectures Avanguardisti. The total number of and talks are given, social evenings 'camps organized during the summer planned, special excursions and amusewas 120, with an attendance of more ments prepared for the children's holithan 50,000 boys and young men. days-skiing parties, skating, games,

cinemas, athletics, competitions, etc., of 250 members and stand for high to counteract religion. morality. I addressed them twice, and the questions after my talk re- The preparatory work in the schools vealed discontent and a desire to reand in the groups consists in talks form their lives. One liberal Moslem given to the children before they sep- offered personal help in establishing arate for the holidays. Attention is a night school, saying: 'I desire an drawn to the customs and habits con- effort to reform the inner life of my nected with the festival, and to the people.' Two others asked for 200 evil effects, and competition is organ- tracts to distribute in their tobacco ized on the subject, "Why is Religion factory, one writing in the back of harmful?" the children being required a tract: 'I will honor all who serve to give written or oral answers. Humanity. I should like to be one.' Christmas Eve "socials" are arranged, beginning at an hour which would "In Comotini I was introduced to a prevent the children from going to sheik who said: 'I cannot but admit church. that we leaders of Islam have made mistakes and wronged our people, who Russian "League of Death" now must pay for it.'

PRESS dispatches report an epi- "Many of the Turks are pure ma- demic of suicides among the youth terialists, and fear that religious bein certain parts of Russia. A "League lief-superstition they call it-will of Death," which caused eleven young keep the people from advancing in Communists to take their own lives civilization." -News Sheet. during the last summer and autumn, has been discovered in the far off AFRICA town of Liesva, in the Urals. Suicides of some of the most active mem- Revolutionizing Al Azhar, Cairo bers of the local branch of the Communist youth had been occurring ONE of the most numerously atfor several months before it was real- tended universities of the world, ized that the movement for self-de- visited by many travelers to Egypt, struction was organized. The results is the Mohammedan University in of an investigation have been pub- Cairo, Al Azhar. And now, wonder lished in detail in the Moscow Com- of wonders! if proposed plans come munist Youth Pravda. to fruition great changes are con- templated. At a gathering of the high Inquiries revealed that f. pessimistic Ulemas (a combination of a D.D. and atmosphere had suddenly enveloped Ph.D. among Moslems), the present in its black folds a large section of Grand Mufti (officer in Moslem courts the most intelligent young people. who interprets the Koranic law), the They assembled to read strange poetry Grand Sheikh of the University, and and to discuss the futility of exist- others, totaling 180, have decided upence and of striving. They decided on drastic reforms in this University, that life was not worth living and which was founded 976 years ago, and glorified death as the only sensible still is the principal seat of Islamic and beautiful thing. learning. It is proposed to change the institution from a medireval Islamic Student Work in Greece religious school to a modern university based on European ideals. The Uni- MR. PHILOTHEOS ZIKAS gives versity will be placed under the con- an account of his second sum- trol of the Minister of Education, like mer's work in Greece. other Egyptian schools. Those seek- ing to enter will be required to pass "The first city visited was Xanthie. an examination and show proficiency. Irreligious teaching finds good ground in elementary subjects and to know there, yet there is a yearning for half the Koran. The native press is something better. Young M()slems not in favor of the changes, as "savorhave organized a Temperance Society

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing too much of the influence of Tur- particulars, found in the Woman's key." Recently a thousand Bibles Missionary Magazine. "On October have been ordered for distribution in seventh, His Highness received the Al Azhar for the study of compara- crown and became henceforth His tive religion. Majesty, King of Ethiopia. The serv- ice was most impressive and was Isla:m in Egypt. viewed with interest. At midnight, ANUMBER of proposals for the accompanied by his chiefs and near modernizing of EI Azhar Univer· friends he went to a holy church, near sity, Cairo, are under discussion, and the Empress's Palace-all churches in it is expected that many of them will Ethiopia are not equally sacred; those be put into execution. They comprise: supposed to have been visited by some the using of the HEI Azhar" Mosque saint are especially holy. From mid- for worship only, the purpose for night until dawn there was a religious which it was originally built in 970 ceremony, chanting of the priests, A. D. and the building of four large burning of scented tapers, holy colleges in the neighborhood for the dances and all the ceremony of the educational activities which are at Coptic Church. From the Church they present carried on in the Mosque; proceeded to the Empress's Palace the translation into Arabic from mod- where the Empress was to place the ern European languages of a number crown. This ceremony was viewed of scientific' and other books which only by the chiefs of the land and the may be of use to the students; the Foreign Minister of each of the For- introduction into the curriculum of eign Legations there." Then as the the study of comparative religion, procession started back to the church, which would include the study of that this coronation might receive the Judaism and Christianity. blessing and sanction of the church- Signs of a tendency towards en- for State and Church are one-the forcing Islam more rigorously in Empress stood with a little handful of Egypt and for propagating it abroad, personal servants while all the crowd may be seen in the recent decision of followed the new King.

the Ulema in Egypt that in accord- ance with the Sharia Law an unmar- The Congo Jubilee Conference P ried Moslem woman has no right of ROTESTANT missions in the Congo celebrated the fiftieth anfreedom until she is past marriageable age, but is the absolute property niversary of their establishment by of her legal guardians. This decision a general conference which convened was given in the case of a young in Leopoldville September 16th and woman who wished to become a Chris- continued until September 24th.

tian. It is clearly contrary to the There were 190 delegates, composed Constitution of 1922, which guaran- of missionaries and missionary secre- tees liberty of conscience, religious taries. More than twenty boards were liberty, and individual freedom, and represented, including Baptist, Pres- reveals an important contradiction be- byterian, Methodist, Lutheran, Breth- tween the religious and the civil law. ren, Disciples, Mennonites, and Chris- It yet remains to be seen whether the tian Alliance, representing churches religious law will continue to prevail. in Europe and America, met together There is also a proposal to send Mos- for days of prayer and conference.

lem emissaries to Europe to spread Swedes, Belgians, North Americans, the principles of Islam. Englishmen, Negroes worked togeth- er harmoniously and united in cele- Royal Enthronement in Ethiopia brating the Lord's Supper on Sunday PROBABLY those who have seen afternoon, when the communicants accounts of the coronation of the were served by a Congregational King of Ethiopia have not read these American, a' Belgian preacher, a

French preacher; a Liberian layman, Ohio, has contracted with the Governa negro from Boston, a Swede preach- ment of Liberia for a ninety-nine year er and a Scotchman.-O. E. Goddard. lease of 1,000,000 acres of land suit- able for a rubber plantation. The MiS8iOJ~1I VB. Slavery company plans to spend $100,000,000 in clearing the jungle, and to employ SPEAKING at the Congo Jubilee 350,000 Liberian laborers. Hand in Exhibition in the Central Hal!, hand with this must go the develop- Westminster, M. Ramsay MacDonald ment of roads, harbors, water systems declared: "As soon as the missionary and argicultural methods. Above all appears shwery is doomed. I do not there must be an educational system. say that it is doomed in 24 hours, Mr. Harvey Firestone, president of but I do say the presence of the mis- the company, is cooperating with missionary has this effect, explain it as sionary agencies in outlining plans you may-that from the moment he for such a system. The development becomes a part of the atmosphere of of village life, a higher standard of a race, slavery dwindles and educa- home life, the various facilities for tion begins. Men whose lives have welfare all afford opportunity for the been long lived in the atmosphere of work of the Church. Those who know ignorant superstition and mortal ter- the typical African village will rejoice ror, are enabled to lift up their heads in this experiment. and to discover that there is something giving them 'power, enabling them to Wireless in Uganda walk about with heads uplifted, obedient to the law, but not victims of the AFEW years ago people in Central law, enabling them not only to look Africa did not dream of the posout on the world but within them- sibility of hearing a voice from Lonselves. There begins responsible care, don, but today, those who find their which at last emerges into a concep- life's work in Uganda, are able to tion of the responsibilities of useful- listen in to concerts broadcast from ness, lending them the idea of London. responsibility to the universe. I think the missionary requires no further A gift from Australia of a wireless justification. We who have been called apparatus to missionaries in Uganda upon to attend to the secular affairs has made this communication a realof life rather than the spiritual, will ity. never fail to be grateful, I hope, to the missionaries who have carried in- "Now each evening from Monday to effect the gospel of human justice to Friday, we are able to listen in to as well as of spiritual power. Do not London's music," says Mrs. Rogers, forget that the fabric of social organ- writing in the Church Missionary ization-justice, order, law, rectitude, Gleaner. Last Sunday we heard the and uprightness cannot be defended closing hymn and voluntary from unless we keep before our minds that "somewhere," so we are hoping to be mere material interests and powers able to hear the whole service next must not govern this country or the week. What would David Livingstone world, but that the great eternal im- and Stanley think could they revisit pulses of spirituality must guide and the "Dark Continent" today and find guard us."-South African Outlook. in this district alone seven wireless stations. New Day in Liberia Winning Pyglllies Through Sleep AN EXPERIMENT in Liberia, the ftfirst in history to combine a com- T HE Negro, Canon Apolo, is the mercial and educational program, will Church Missionary Society's head be watched with interest. The Fire- of missionary work for these little stone Rubber Company of Akron, men of Equatorial Africa. He writes to Rev. A. B. Lloyd, who had been aiding him in his work, as follows:

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"I must tell you at once that your WESTERN ASIA visit has been greatly blessed to the pygmies. They have now very much Emancipation of the Moslem increased in numbers, and they are always talking of the love you showed MUSTAPHA KEMAL, in officially to them, especially by your sleeping adopting the alphabet used by in their village with them. This, they all the Western nations, takes another say, is a great wonder and surprise tremendous step toward the ultimate to them all, and as a result they have emancipation of the Moslem. With all decided to read God's Word and that comes his insistence that all must they will not allow their [Negro] learn to read with the new letters. teacher to leave them for a moment; He deplores the illiteracy of his peothey read the Book by night and day. ple. Should he succeed in opening up I went back to see them after you had to his people the whole wealth of gone, and I find there many who now literature of the West there will be really believe in Jesus Christ. I must set in motion forces that will eventuconfess that I am amazed at the bless- ate in religious freedom and the disings that have come to us as a result integration of Islam. of your viBit …… I do not hesitate to say that God, the Holy Spirit, was The move among the adjoining Moswith you and he came down with su- lem peoples is in the same direction. preme power' upon the people. When Persia and Afghanistan are being they came to me in such numbers' to powerfully influenced by the touch of be written down for baptism, I knew the great nations of the world to more that they were sent by God the Holy enlightened policies. Spirit." All these matters are of tremendous A Movement in South Africa import to the Church of Christ, and it looks as though in this sphere the AREMARKABLE religious move- political programs of the prophets are ment has been inaugurated at moving to rapid fulfilments. Rhodes University College, Grahamstown, and in other places in South Af- The New Alphabet for Turkey rica through the visit of a party of seven men from Oxford who have BEGINNING December I, all Turkspent their long vacation in the Union ish newspapers appeared in Latwith a view to sharing with others in characters, leaving thousands of their new-found experience of God. readers without news because the From each place they have visited ex- Turkish public., already eighty per cent traordinary reports have come of their illiterate in the discarded Arabic charwork and influence, says the South acters, has been unable as yet to be- African Outlook. come literate in the Latin characters. The nation is studying hard at adult Grahamstown was greatly stirred night schools under a special corps of and to many of the students there the teachers. Angora has started a pareligion of Jesus Christ has become triotic effort whereby all literates are the supreme concern in life. The voluntarily teaching their illiterate preaching of the men from Oxford neighbors. Mustapha Kemal, the contains nothing new but they em- President, has set an example in perphasize, with a freshness and telling sonally giving lessons to his ministers power, truths that have been the back- and entourage in the Latin alphabet. ground of every religious awakening Advantage has been taken of radio, since the days of the early Church. and twelve thousand teachers have This development among students in been used in giving the necessary in- Grahamstown and elsewhere will be struction, and 1,000 Government emwatched with close interest. ployees were threatened with dis- charge if they didn't become proficient in using the new characters in two months. "The Ottoman language died

with the Ottoman Empire," the Gov- they like. The present Minister of ernment radio broadcast said. "The Education has granted to missionary Arabic characters are unfitted for the schools a fair measure of liberty in needs of expression in modern civili- adapting the curriculum which is enzation." Mustapha Kemal is destroy- forced throughout all schools in Pering old Turkey and upon its ruins he sia, to fit in with their educational is seeking to build a new civilization. ideals. The women of Turkey also are coming out of all their old prison houses of Progress in A1'abia ignorance and bondage into the light of a new day. The entire nation is rrHE Arabian Mission has reopened being rejuvenated and Kemal is urg- a medical work that has been ing them forward with all his power. With hot impatience he is making a closed for fifteen years. Dr. P. W. clean sweep of old customs and habits Harrison was appointed to Matrah in which shackled Turkey and impeded it, the Province of Oman and began a and separted it from an advancing dispensary and in-patient department. world. The things which Kemal is doing in a day seemed formerly impos- Matrah is a twin city of Muscat sible of accomplishment in a century. and is the head of the caravan route -United Presbyterian. to the whole hinterlanu. Dr. Harrison hopes to reach many of the Oman Reform Movement in PerAia. villages with the Gospel by combined medical and evangelistic touring. T HE reform movement is making headway. A number of students At Basrah the Mission is expecting are going to Europe to study, the law to put up a building to accommodate courts are being reorganized, the cul- the school for girls. The desire for tivation of opium is being controlled, a modern education is increasing in measures for the improvement of pub- all the Arabian Mission stations. An lic health are to be enforced. Evidence Arab ruler recently stated that he is of the strength of the Nationalist determined that his son shall have a Movement may be discovered in the thoroughly English education no matdismissal of the American financial ter how much opposition comes from adviser, the abolition of the capitula- conservative elements. Schools have tions, the demand that Persia should been established in villages that never control her own education system, the had them before. They are schools movement for unity within the Chris- of the old type, but they decrease tian Church. illiteracy, and open the door to all Arabic literature. The Mission has This Nationalist Movement does not schools for boys in four stations and appear to be necessarily anti-foreign for girls in two. or anti-Christian. There is clear evidence that the Persian Government is The missionaries at Kuwait have not going to insist, as at first seemed made medical and evangelistic visits likely, on the teaching of the Koran to several of the villages situated at in missionary schools. The present distances from the central town. Minister of Education has shown him- These give good opportunities for the self more tolerant towards missionary distribution of literature, and as the activity than his predecessor. Books trips can be made by motor car, the containing extracts from the Bible regular work is not interrupted.-E. may be employed in school hours, E. Calverly. though the actual teaching of the Bible is forbidden. It is also permitted Sky-Rocket Reforms in Afghanistan in school to teach the lives of great men and prophets; while out of school ANOTHER man has tried to "hustle hours missionaries may teach what tl.the East" and as a result has been hustled off his throne. When the thir- ty-six-year-old Afghan King Amanul- lah returned to Kabul from Europe with his modernized Queen Souriya,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

he realized that his country, Afghan- Indian clergyman, and two lay helpers. istan, was backward. He proclaimed 'rhe need for more workers is great. many reforms, including new taxes, exploitation of the country's national Christianity in India resources, development of commerce, compulsory military service, the aboli- MR. NATARAJAN, Editor of the tion of polygamy and of the veil for Indian Social Reformer, writes women, modern education for both in reply to an essay by Robert Smith men and women, European hats and Wilson on "The Indirect Effects of other clothes in place of turbans and Christian Missions in India." robes, and the introduction of many modern scientific improvements. But "The message of Jesus Christ whenthe people are all Mohammedans and ever and wherever delivered, without are slow to move in the direction of ulterior objects and simply as a mesreform. Turb.ans are related to their sage, has been welcomed everywhere religion, as are many of their old with open minds and grateful hearts. time customs. Young men rebelled In proselytising missions, the religious against military service and dress re- purpose is overlaid with many secular form; husbands and fathers rebelled purposes, personal, economic, and even against modernizing women; mullahs political …… India has accepted and other religious leaders rebelled Christ but has rejected Christianity against secularization of the state and …… What India has done is to take declared that the King and Queen Jesus and the organization apart, and, were "possessed of the devil." while absorbing the former into her religious consciousness, has utilized As a result Amanullah abdicated in the latter for lessons, which she sorefavor of his older brother, Inayatul- ly needs in organization for social lah, a religious devotee with four work …… We do not think that an wives and twenty concubines, and fled Indian Christianity will ever arise from the capital. Now this elder from the ashes of foreign religions. brother has been deposed by the rebel What is happening is that the old chieftain. The process of reform will religions are gaining a new life from be more successful through the plant- contact with the teachings of Jesus ing of truth, like a grain of wheat, Christ." and awaiting the harvest. A Stewardship Campaign in India INDIA AND SIAM SECRETARY D A V I D McCON- A New Community in India AUGHY is now conducting a Stewardship Campaign among the AvAST area in the Multan district churches, mainly Presbyterian, but in of the Punjab, India, has, during the United Church of India (North) the past six or seven years, been irri- J,S well. His first report from his ingated with canals, and thousands of itial meetings says: "There has been acres of land have been brought un- much prayer and expectant faith, and der cultivation. As a result of this when the time came, the effect was at development thousands of colonists once evident. Pastors, elders, teachhave flocked to the district, and among ers, catechists, Bible women, as well them some two thousand Christians. as missionaries from the nearer sta- But, in spite of the fact that the tions, gathered from more than a Church Missionary Society is carry- score of churches. Sunday the attending on work in this district, scarcity ance numbered 487, not counting of workers means that the responsi- children, 218 having come from outbility of caring for and ministering side and the distance averaging 35 to this Christian community, and of miles for the 23 places represented." winning others from the newcomers rests upon 'One missionary, one aged Mr. McConaughy shows the reasons for questioning the value of such a

campaign among India's poverty- Lord know in non-Christian lands, to stricken lower classes who make up build up a system of purely secular eduthe bulk of Indian Christians. "The cation: And membership of the Church in India is drawn almost entirely from the lower 2. Whereas, under the various reguclasses, socially and economically. The lations for the registration of schools margin of income over the actual cost in China both the academic and religious of subsistence is very narrow. The liberty of the schools is seriously curbetter educated naturally aspire to an tailed: improved scale of living, with the consequent increase of expenditure. 3. Therefore, the National Council Inevitably there follows debt in many considers that the following are essencases. Indeed, this condition is quite tial conditions for the registration of common among mission agents. Con- schools supported in whole or in part ditions are very different from those by the aid of the Church in thp. United in the West, and undoubtedly many States, namely: times more difficult." Despite poverty which is here too lightly stressed, 4. That nothing in the regulations or Indian Christian leaders are anxious other requirements under whiCh l'egisto get every possible hint to aid in tration is to he effected shall: leading to increased giving. The Indian Christian Press hails with joy (a ) Forbid an open declaration of this campaign. the Christian character and purpose of the school. Is India Dry? (b) Involve the surrender of the title AN ASTONISHING thing has hap- to or of the control of property. .t.pened in the Punjab. Citizens of the town of Taran have lately secured (c) Impair the authority of the Nafrom the Provincial Government the tional Council, as trustees; through its privilege of holding a local option elec- representatives in China to appoint and tion as to whether liquor shops in the remove directors of the school, to detown should continue to operate. termine its conduct, and to select its Over fifteen hundred voters went to principal and faculty. the polls and voted "dry" to a man. This is probably the most decisive (d) Impair the right of the school to local option vote yet recorded in any teach the Christian religion and t(; procountry. The nearest approach to it vide Christian services as a regular part possibly occurred in Kentucky some of the school life. twenty years ago when about the same number of votes were cast, and all 5. Whenever the Bishop, as the reprewere "dry" excepted those of the two sentative in China of the trustees, finds liquor dealers and their relatives- that all the foregoing conditions can be seventeen in all.-Indwn Witness. fulfilled, the Nation Council of Advice, would be justified in registering the CHINA school.

Registration of Schools in China Reconstruction in China THE following action was taken by I N AN editorial entitled "Watch 1929 the Protestant Episcopal Church in ChinaI" the October number of in their recent convention in Wash- The Chinese Recorder names some reington relative to the demand of China constructive measures that may be that all schools be registered with the looked for in the New Year. We are government. reminded that "a modern leadership is trying to adapt an ancient people 1. Whereal!, it is not the function of to a world situation which itself, as the Church, as it endeavors to make our the age of man goes, emerged but yesterday. Never before did a race face such vast reconstructivl;l urgen- cies and have to meet them in so short a time as is now the case with China." The public interment of Sun Yat Sen on January 1st focused pub- lic attention sharply on his personality and policies. Four of these policies, already in operation, are: A period of political tutelage is being set up; the government proposes to control some important public utilities; the administrative power of the govern-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ment is to be under five councils, Leg- general improvement in the state of islative Executive, Judicial, Examina- the country is being maintained, and tion and Supervisory; China is to be in a considerable measure extended. under a one-party government. The Journeys are undertaken with much Third National Representative Con- sense of insecurity, and at times with gress has been called and plans are a minimum of comfort and convenunder way for the completion of the ience, in spite of which there is abunregistration of schools in 1929 and dant cause for thansgiving and praise for the promulgation of new factory for the large number of our workers laws. who have reached their destinations without loss or hindrance." Peking Now Peiping AS CHRISTIANIA has changed to Should We Withdraw from. China!

W 1".Oslo, and St. Petersburg through HAT ought to be the spirit and the policy of the Home Church Petrograd to Leningrad, so Peking (whose literal meaning is "northern towards these new movements in the capital") will henceforth be known as Chinese field? Principal D. S. Cairns Peiping ("northern peace"). The al- of Scotland, when in China recently teration is due to the fact that Peking had a long talk with a large group has been shorn of its former glory, of Chinese Christians in Peking. I though it may be the seat of the said to these men that my own Church provincial government of Chihli. It (The United Free Church of Scot- is only in foreign newspapers that land) had seven great mission fields; the old name still lingers, and the that it was unfortunately very diffi- removal of the foreign Legations to cult to man them and raise sufficient the new capital, Nanking, is probably money to maintain them; that we only a matter of time. The name had no desire to remain in China "Chihli" has also been changed, per- after it was clear that our time there haps because of its associations with was up; that in that case we would the Chihli, or Northern, party, and throw our energies into other fields the province is now spoken of in Chi- that wanted them more. What did nese newspapers as "Hopeh" (="north they wish me to say to the Church of the river"), just as Honan gains at home?

its name from its position south of the A vigorous-looking young Chinese Yellow River.-China's Millions. was sitting in a corner of the room, "TMissiona.ries Returning to Stations whom the others jocularly referred HERE has been a weekly aver- Principal Cairns and Chinese Leader age of over twenty workers leav- to as the representative of the Kuo- min-Tang, said nothing in answer to ing Shanghai for various parts of the my question, but remained behind. interior," says Mr. Warren of the After the others had gone he said with China Inland Mission in a letter dated deep earnestness, "The missions must November 2d. "There are now about not think of leaving us yet." I said, one hundred and seventy of our sta- "Why do you say that? Do you think tions occupied by missionaries, and Christianity would die out in China approximately six hundred and fifty if we all withdrew?" "No," he said, of our workers at ordinary duties, or "I am not afraid of that. Christianity traveling towards their locations. will never die out now. It is too firm- This shows a great advance on the ly rooted, no matter what happens.

situation six months ago, and we hope But what t am afraid of, if you do for a steady improvement during the leave us now, is that it would sink to winter. Eighty-five missionaries are the level of one religious sect among now returning from the home lands others, and that it would accept that and fifty-seven new arrivals during position. But if you stay twenty-five the last three months of the year. The years longer with us, it will be strong

and mature enough to go ahead and ty years science has been the foundawin the whole people. tion of education in Japan, but now the educators have discovered that No one of the group expressed a with the emphasis of science on ma- desire to have the missionaries leave terialism, Marxianism has found easy China.-The Record. entrance, and they are turning back to religion. Chinese Church Progress Another reason that Mr. Kagawa THE first annual report of the gives for the turning of Japanese ed-· Church of Christ in China has ucators to religion as a basis lies in many points of encouragement. The their devotion to Pestalozzi whose inaverage giving in one Synod of 10,000 fluence has gradually increased in Jamembers is nine dollars per capita. pan. Pestalozzi was a Christian teach- Another Synod has opened a theolog- er, and because he based education on ical school, while still others are ar- religious principles, Japanese educaranging to have Chinese women serve tors have agreed to do so. as elders. In the Swatow District the Christian organization is 60% While an open door is offered to self-supporting. A uniting feature Christianity, the anti-Christian spirit of this united church is the establish- of Bolshevism is also growing. The ment of a central fund, from which Marxists are teaching atheism. The all pastors are paid, thus relieving works of Lenin are atheistic, and so the pastor from urging people to pro- are those of Bucharin and Luccaci, vide his own salary. and others which have been trans- lated into Japanese. Daboring's books JAPAN-CHOSEN against the church and theism have been translated also. If that spirit Chrioltian Opportunity in Japan grows and becomes deeply rooted in the minds of the proletarians, it will ACCORDING to Toyohiko Kagawa, be much more difficult to evangelize Japan's great social worker and Japan. religious leader, the present is the best opportunity that Christianity has A Kor'ean's Im.portunity ever had, to enter the hearts of the Japanese. Two years ago the men, A CHRISTIAN in Andong, Chosen, and last year the women primary had heard the missionary say that school teachers of the Empire met in all believers should have family convention and declared that hence- prayers, so the next morning he said forth religion must be the basis for to his wife, "Let us have family education in Japan. Anyone familiar prayer." She had no intention of bewith the former attitude of educators coming a Christian and ran out of the toward religion will understand this house. Every morning he repeated his change to be revolutionary, for the invitation, and soon she did not run Imperial Rescript has been considered out of the house but only into the a sufficient moral basis, and "religion" kitchen; so he read the Bible in a loud had not been allowed in the schools. voice, and prayed so that she could Religion in this sense does not mean hear. What was the use of running Buddhism or Shintoism, both of which any longer if she was to hear anyway, have been more or less connected with so she began staying in the room, sewthe schools. Christianity, however, ing or working while he read and was formerly opposed because it prayed. Then a woman missionary teaches that God is greater than any came to hold a Bible class, and this earthly sovereign. If Christianity is Christian husband gave his wife monnow sought as a basis for education, ey and sent her off with the other it is partly because some more ade- church women to have a "sightsee" quate authoritative and powerful basis of the foreign lady. While attending is needed for moral character. For six- the class she became a Christian.

WORTH

~M3§ Any bookB mentioned in theBe columnB will be forwarded by UB on receipt of price.-TBE REVIEW.

The Jerusalem Meeting of the Internation- land are exceptionally suggestive and aVloiCs.ou$n7c.i0l,0.MIanrctehrn2a4t-iAonparlil M8,is1s9io2n8a, r8y f rUl'tfuI. There is no better treatment Council, New York City. 1928. of this whole subject in a brief space The June number of the REVIEW than is found here.

presented a full account of the meet- Volume IlIon "The Relation be- ing of the International Council in tween the Younger and the Older Jerusalem last Easter time. The of- Churches," begins with Dr. Warnficial report of the meeting has now shuis's preliminary paper, and pro- been issued in eight attractive and ceeds to the discussions summarized convenient volumes. by Mr. Silcock of the British Friends' The first deals with "The Christian Foreign Mi~sions Association. This Life and Message in Relation to Non- is followed by a paper prepared by Christian Systems of Thought and Archbishop Soderblom of Sweden, an Life." It contains the seven papers address by Bishop Temple and a state- prepared in advance on the "values" ment of the Indian view of the in- of the great non-Christian religions digenous church by Mr. P. A. Philip and on Secularism, also a report of of India. The findings adopted by the the discussions on the subject of the Council is followed by a call for larg- Christian Message and the non-Chris- er and more intelligent support of the tain faiths, three supplementary pa- missionary enterprise by the Western pers written after the meeting by Churches, and a very brief statement three delegates, one of whom was the of relations with the ancient Churches Archbishop of York, William Temple, of the East. A full appendix contains and finally the Statement of the Chris- reports on rmoafnyrepslpaonnssiobfilidteyvotloutitohn~ tian Message unanimously adopted by or transfe the Council. This is the freshest and indigenous churches, and accounts of most courageous treatment of the is- the constitutions of some of the resue of comparative religion which is cently developed churches. The findavailable. It is a tonic reassurance ings reporte~ here correct a good many as to the clear and faithful Christian erroneous vIews on both sides of this principle of the Missionary Enter- question of relationships.

prise. It is an authoritative affirmation Volume IV treats of "The Chris- of the uniqueness and universality, tian Mission in the Light of Race Con- the sufficiency and indispensableness flict." There are four preliminary of the Gospel. papers, three on the relations of the Volume II deals with "Religious white and black races in America and Education." It contains the admirable Africa, and one on the race problem preliminary paper by Professor Weigle on the Pacific Coast of North Ameri- of Yale and Mr. J. H. Oldham, the ca. TtowtohebCrioeufenrcilsbtayteDmr.enJtoshnfoHlloopw~ comments from six mission fields, the made discussions and the statement adopted on the American Negro Problem and by the Council on the subject. The Mr. Max Yergan on The Race Prob- contributions of Dr. Weigle and of lem in Africa, and lastly a summary Canon Raven of the Church of Eng- of the Council's discussion and a state- 237

ment of its findings. Again one must with material for weeks of sermons say that no other book provides in so or study classes or society meetings.

small a space a true Christian view They illustrate the continuing vitality of the fundamental race issue of our of the missionary enterprise. They day. use the vocabulary of our own day Volume V is entitled "The Chris- but they set forth the everlasting Gos- tian Mission in Relation to Industrial pel and the ancient and undying faith.

Problems." The preliminary paper is In this respect they are a good model by William Paton on "Christianity and of the right articulation of old things the Growth of Individualism in Asia and new, of what is abiding and of and Africa," the supplementary pa- new conditions in which that which pers by Dr. Inman on "Missions and is abiding must find its home and be Economics in Latin America" and Mr. given its control. As always many Grimshaw, of the International Labor things are supposed to be new which Office in Geneva, on "Industrial Rev- are not new at all. They are only olution Among Primitive Peoples." deemed new because of our faulty The account of the Council's discus- knowledge of the past. There is no sion is followed by the addresses of greater need in our missionary work Mr. R. H. Tawney and Bishop Mc- today tha,n the need of a more adequate Connell and the findings of the Coun- understanding of the history of for- cil. Here also the word o~ the Council eign missions and the attitudes and was clear and Christian. It dealt with experiences of the men and women principles but did not evaporate them whom we are too easily forgetting.

in generalities. Many of these were among the ablest Volume VI presents a body of new men and women who have ever lived material on "The Christian Mission in and they have wrought with just as Relation to Rural Problems" by Dr. deep interest in realities as any of K. L. Butterfield, Mr. W. J. McKee, us can claim today. Through ignor- Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones, Dr. E. deS. ance, we are running the danger in Brunner, Mr. K. T. Paul of India. our time of cutting the bonds of or- The papers are unusually full. The ganic connection with history in the great majority of the people of the science of missions, as men are not world are country or town and village doing in the physical sciences. In dwellers and any missionary effort to physics and chemistry and mathemat- evangelize the whole world must deal ics the present day investigators are principally with these town and coun- working with a thoroughly competent try folks. knowledge of the past. A great many Volume VII discusses "Interna- of our modern missionary students tional Missionary Cooperation" with are inadequately informed as to the a full paper by Dr. John R. Mott, and past of missions.

studies of the best forms of both na- It would be well if many mission tional and international cooperation. study classes would take up Volume The last volume contains a brief I of this report and spend several history of the Jerusalem meeting and months on its study. Any wise and fourteen of the main addresses at the competent pastor will be able to use Council including the sermons on the at least six volumes of this report in opening and closing Sundays. Some this way.

of the speakers were the Bishop of Only time will show, of course, the Salisbury, Dr. Cheng Ching-yi, Pro- influence that these volumes and the fessor Hocking of Harvard, Dr. John Jerusalem Council itself will exert.

MacKay of South America, Dr. Stan- It is always difficult to tell how far ley Jones of India and Bishop Linton such a gathering is a cause and how of Persia. far an effect; how far, in other words, These eight volumes will provide it represents an originating force re- any minister or missionary society sulting in new conditions and how far

BOOKS WORTH READING

it simply registers the effect of tend- foreign mission work of the Southern encies already in operation. It is in- Presbyterian Church, will want to teresting to note how prone each man read this fine human story. Others is to find what he wants to find in will be deeply interested to know how confirmation of his existing opinions. the missionary work is conducted, At a recent meeting, where delegates what various elements go into deterto the Jerusalem Council made re- mining policies and what a wise leadports, it seemed clear that almost ership can accomplish. everyone brought away from the Council just what he took there. In the Few missionary administrators same way, no doubt, those who read have seen so far and so clearly, the these reports will be tempted to find great objectives of the missionary enin them simply confirmation of the terprise, and none have been more views they already hold.. If they read unselfish in devotion to the larger them carefully, however, they will cer- issues of the Kingdom of God than tainly discover many corrective and the writer of these brief sketches. enlarging emphases, and assuredly the report, as a whole, represents a com- s. G. INMAN. prehensive and transcending view of the missionary enterprise which gath- The Way Out. 98 P]). The Pacific Garden ers into itself many partial and frag- Mission, Inc. Chicago, Ill. 1928. mentary views. ROBERT E. SPEER. Fifty years of continuous service is Behind the Scenes. By Samuel H. Ches- reason enough for the publication of a Memorial Volume, especially when ter, D.D., 12 mo. 145 pp. $1.25. the Mission has been instrumental Austin, Texas. 1928. in the salvation of such men as "Mel" Trotter and William A. Sun- A recent book called "Back-Stage" day, and other well-known Christian is having quite a vogue, because it workers. Dozens of interesting seems to satisfy curiosity as to actors stories are told concerning men and when they are not before the foot- women who came to the Mission in lights. A far more interesting book rags and disgrace, but were saved to many of us is the little volume just and reestablished in honorable posifrom the pen of a beloved secretary tions. There is also a fine history of emeritus of the Presbyterian Church the Mission, its founders and its super- (South) describing many interesting intendents from 1877. Pastors and experiences and recounting memories Christian workers will find much to of a mission board secretary stretch- confirm their faith in the Power of ing over some twenty-five years. They the Gospel to save even those who include events and problems in the seem hopeless. M. T. SHELFORD. history of the Board, such <IS "Polygamy on the Mission Field," "Troubles A Book for Boys and Girls. By John in the Congo," "Inauguration of the Bunyan. Edited by E. S. Buchanan. Cooperative Program in Mexico," 12 colored illus. 124 pp. $1.25. New "The Missionary Side of the Inter- York. 1928. church World Movement," "The Layman's Missionary Movement," and The 300th anniversary of the birth others. of John Bunyan naturally brings a revival of interest in him and his The author tells frankly the inside religious masterpiece, "Pilgrim's story of how a mission board and its Progress," and other writings. The secretaries work, what differences, fact that he wrote "A Book for Boys sometimes violent, develop behind the. and Girls" may not be generally scenes; how both foolish and wise known, certainly not among many decisions are made and the results. of the youth of today. The book was first published in May, 1686, under All who know Dr. Chester, who has the alternative title of "Country recently retired from directing the Rhymes for Children" and now re-

published in attractive form, with deafness, lameness, constant pain, twelve quaint full page illustrationlil in coupled in some cases with poverty, color. lowly origin, lack of influence, in no wise barred the progress of these This product of the seventeenth cen- courageous souls. They are an exhibit tury is different from any modern of what humanity may achieve. They book for children, for most of the are a tribute to the potential that is rhymes in theme and phraseology are inherent in the race. more suited to the adult than to the child mind. Notably, "The Awakened Some of them are well-known, others Child's Lament," the second rhyme in lesser known. Some attained wealth, the collection, is phrased as no child others joy in their chosen careers, all of the present day or even of Bunyan's served their fellow men and all atwould think or express himself. Bun- tained distinction. Edward Bok, Andyan evidently knew little of child rew Carnegie, John Muir, Francis psychology and cannot be accused of Parkman, Gipsy Smith, Booker Washviewing life from the child's stand- ington, Josiah Wedgewood, are among point. There had not been developed the group presented. The world still at that time a literature really suitable needs the display of the qualities these for children. Bunyan thoroughly be- men possessed. The graphic, gripping lieved, however, in the need of re- stories will hold attention of young ligious instruction for the young and and old from the first page to the last. sincerely desired by his writings to lend what aid he could. GEORGE H. TRULL.

While the twentieth century expert Team Work, being the C. M. S. Story of in religious education would select few 1927-28. Maps. 119 pp. London. of these seventeenth century rhymes for children of today, yet he should This exceedingly attractive Story of have the collection on his shelf, as a the Year is one of the series presented testimony to the progress that has to the constituency of the great been made in the production of re- Church Missionary Society, a Soligious literature for childhood and ciety which has been bearing faithful youth, now suited to the intelligence testimony for over a century and a and interest of each stage of growth. quarter in the great continents of Asia and of Africa. Its members GEORGE H. TRULL. truly illustrate Lindsay's great trib- ute, "They gird the earth with Stories of Grit. Archer Wallace. 133 pp. valour; they heed their King's com- mand." The figure of the team is $1. New York. 1928. carried admirably through this story of the year, developed through chap- Grit is a quality universally ad- ters with the interesting and progresmired, whether displayed by man or sive titles: The Team and the World; lower animal. It tones moral fibre The Team in Training (West Africa); and issues a challenge. It is like the The Team on Trial (East Africa); tang of a refreshing wind to read of The Team and Its Equipment (the men who in spite, not merely of early Near East) ; The Team Spirit Against but of life long handicaps, have over- Odds (India); Changing Places in come difficulties and made good glori· the Team (China); The Team Adously. venturing (Japan); The Team and England. Archer Wallace in his fourteen "Stories of Grit" presents, in the brief The maps illuminate the story; compass of 133 pages, incidents in the they are ingenious and very instruclives of fourteen men who attained tive. To those who are interested in their goal. They had other qualities; the progress of Christian work in the native ability, ambition, energy, perse· great continents of Asia and Africa, verance, originality, cheerfulness, but this report is heartily commended. sheer grit was the outstanding trait. The handicaps of physical defects,

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1927

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DEPT. No. 20 ………. NEW YORK The BibUca. Seminary in New York DR. WILBERT W. WHITE, President The Department 01 Missions For the preparation and training of missionary candidates and for special requirements of missionaries on furlough.

Regular course has two years of required work in the Bible. Also required courses in History and Methods of Missions, Ethnic Religions, Phil- osophy of the Christian Religion, Phonetics, Home Nursing, and Fundamentals in Medil'ine and Hygiene.

Dr. Thomas E. Cummings offers courses in Phonetics, Urdu, and Language Metlwd.< Missionaries on furlough can be aided in mastering those things which have puzzled them in their vernaculars. An opportunity is offered for drill in the difficult sounds of all Asiatic and African tongues.

Send for Catalogue describing fully this Department and Department of Theology, Department of Postgraduate Study, Department of Religious Education, Depart- ment of Social Service.

The BIblical Seminary in New York U~ East 49th Street New York, N. Y., U. S. A.

Publishers of The Biblical Review Please mention Tma MISBIONABY ltmVIBW or THE· WOBIJ) in 'Writing to advertiserS.: THE MISSIONARY FOR 50 YEARS! REVIEW OF THE WORLD DBLAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor Jubilee Number-December 1927 H A Missionary toMissionaries"

Page FOR HALF A CENTURY our Missionary Bureau has been THE WORLD'S Rm.IGIONS TODAY .. COVER ministering to the needs of Mis- WELCOMING FORE:JGNERS IN AMERICA sionaries in every country in the FIFTY YEARS AGO AND TODAY .• world – with Food, Clothing, Household Articles and Mission FRONT18PIECB Station Equipment-at a great saving to them in money, ex- EDITORIALS ……………………. 887 penses and worry.

AFTER FIFTY YEARS. New Missionaries will find it THE WORLD'S RELIGIOUS PROGRESS. OUR MODERN MISSIONARY OBJECTIVE. DISUNION ~"'.D UNION IN CHINA.. A NEW UPRISING IN MEXICO. FREDERICK L. COLVER AT HOME.

EARLY DAYS OF THE REIVIEW …..• very economical and convenient · ., ………• , ….. R. P. WILDER 895 to have us outfit them, and for- ward their personal effects com- MISSION BOARDS FiFTY YElARS AGO bined in one shipment with goods · …•••••• ALLEN" R. BARTHOLOMEW S99 purchased from us.

THE PROGRESS 01' WOMEN IN MIS- SIONS .. MRS.. HENRY W. PEABODY 906 A MISSIONARY HISTORY TEST …… . Churches may select gifts and · .••••••..•.•.•.. BELLE M. BRAIN 911 donations of supplies or equip- ment from our catalog for us to FIFTY YEi.RS OF PROTESTANT MIS- send to Missionaries everywhere. SIONS IN CH[NA …… . • .••••••••••• ' .ARTHUR H. SMITH 912 Our Whole.ale Department Gives: THEl MISSIONARY APPEAL FIFTY Special Discountsonpurchases YEARS AGO …. STEPHEN J. COREY 921 A HALF CENTURY OF PROGRESS IN HOMEIMISSIONS . JOHN A. MARQUIS 927 BEST METHODS FOR THE NEW YE,AR for Missionary Institutions, • •••••••••• ESTELLA S. AITcmsoN 935 Schools and Hospitals.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN Field Secretaries or Purchasing · .. EDITED By ELLA D. MAcLAURIN 942 WOMAN'S HOME UISSlON BULLE,TIN Agents should get in touch with • •. EDITED By FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 945 our Wholesale Depa.rtment a.nd NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ………. 948 save money for their stations.

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Please mention TaB MISSIONABY REVIBW 4»' TEm WORLD In writing to advertlsera. James Livingstone Stewart's New Book Author of "THE LAUGHING BUDDHA," etc.

The Goddess of Mercy . , A Tale of Love and Turmoil in Modern China. A rattling tale, "Lthe kind that knows no clock. There hasn't been a prettier idyl of first love since "Paul de Virginia." What a light the story throws on the present situation in China. $2.00 MISSIONS REAL AND FASCINATING Conway T. Wharton Ferdinand Duchene The Leopard Hunts Alone CHARLES A. SELDEN TranJ/p.II!d from the Frmrh bJ bab/lle MrJ.! and EmiiJ M. Nnvtan The Life and Ways of Are Missions a Failure? the Congo People and Thamilla "The Turtle Dove" How They Welcomed Christianity. A Correspondent's Survey of A Story of the Moun- A book of travel, descrip- Foreign Missions. $2.50 tains of Algeria ticm and missions, a vivid narrative description of What sort of people are foreign Every reader of "Misthe lives, characteristics missionaries? Is their work quite sions" will appreciate the and customs of unrelieved savagery among the Bak- hopeless? To answer such questions announcement 0 f t his uba people of the Belgian as these The Ladies' Home Journal Congo. Illustrated, $l.25 sent Mr. Selden. .a Journalist of wide amazing revelation of acquaintance, on a seven months' tour what it really is to be a of the mission stations in Asia. wife in Algeria. In the French original the story received wide acclaim; to CLELAND R. McAFEE. D.D. lovers of tr.avel and mis- sions it is a vivid and B.ll. M. Brain (Compiler) Changing Foreign Missions intimate picture of the lands, peoples and cus- From Every Tribe and A Revaluation of the Church's toms of Northern Af- Nation rica, in the Shadow of Greatest Enterprise. $2.00 the Koran. $1.75 Fifty New Missionary Dr. McAfee, long an authority on r.abel Brown Rose Stories foreign missions, writes from a year's Author of "Red Blossoms" Inspiring lives of Chris- first-hand study of missionary prin- ciples, methods and prospects as en- The Measure of Margaret tian converts on the for- countered on the foreign field itself.

eign field. Workers in A Tale of India.

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Address Date…………………………………….."……..Sent by……. Please mention THt M1SSIONARY Rtvn:w OF THF; WORLD in writing to advertisers. Buy IncoDle! PERSONALS When one makes an "investment", what is DR. GOOB.GE S. McCuNE formerly of ?yeng. he actually doing? Just buying i'lcome- Yong, Korea, recently President of Huron that's all. The average "investor" buys only College, South Dakota, has resigned that temporary income. The investor in position to become President of the Union Christian College of Korea. He is now M. B. I. Life Annuities spending a few months at hinceton, N. J., preparing a book for publication and co· is buying operating with the New York Board of Trustees of the college. A Liberal Income for Life COMMANDER RwH.ARD E. BYRD carried with on his investment. The older you are. the him in his flight on the America a copy of more liberal the income. And you have no the Bible which weighed one ounce. On trouble in collecting it. Of course, you have his return the American Bible Society preprime securtiy; twenty years-and through sented to him and his crew a handsomelythe War-without a loss. "M. B. I. Life bound copy of the Bible, in honor of their Annuities" represent the higher thrift. having been "the fust to carry the Bible to Europe by air." This is worth considering. Write to * THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO REV. F. W. BOREHAM. minister of a Bap- The Moody 1I1bIe Institute. tist Church in Melbourne, Australia, and Bureau of Annuities Y121 author of many books, is planning for a 163 Institute PIa…. world tour early in 1928. in the course of Chicago. Illinois. which he plans to spend more than three months in the United States and Canada. Without obligation to me, please send full information 'Concerning HM. B. I. Life Annuities," and * quote rate on one life at age indicated. REV. ROBERT E. CHANDLER, recently ap- Name~._ ••••••…••. ~ ••••••••..••..••••.•••.••.. _ pointed a secretary in the foreign depart· ment of the American Board, is described as Street or R. F. D…..•..••….•…•…..•..••••. "the product of 117 years of continuous mis- sionary sevrice, ' , his grandfather having City •…•…•.••••••••••••• , ••• State ••.•••••••••• been the first to go out.

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Contracts may be issued to cover more than one life. REV. JAMES W. HAWKES. of Hamadan, Persia. who has been for forty-seven years Protect Yourself a Presbyterian missionary. is spending this Help Others year in Beirut. Syria, putting his translation of the Bible Dictionary through the Ameri- By securing Annuity Agreements from Methodist Mission Boards can Mission Press.

YOU are protected by a guar- * anteed income which will not DR. MARrON TALBOT, former Dean of Women at the University of Chicago, will serve as acting President of the Constan· tinop}e Woman's College during the absence of its President, Kathryn N. Adams, who will spend the coming year in the United States.

** REV. WILLIAM MCCANCE, formerly of Satara. India, has been appointed by the American Board candidate secretary for men. to succeed Rev. J. Kingsley Birge, who has returned to Turkey.

depreciate. Investigation of the MISS GLADYS WOOD is the new field secre· security is invited. tary for young women's work for the J«l. OTHERS wiD hear the Chri!tian formed Church in America, succeeding Miss me!Sllge because of your generosity. . Evelyn Zwemer, who has resigned.

For F urtber information write: DR. ALBERT SCHWEITZER, for thirteen years medical missionary of the Paris Evan· Morris W. Ebnes, Treasurer. Boud of Forei~n gelical Missionary Society in French Equa. Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 torial Africa, and author of "On the Edge Fifth Avenue. New York, N. Y., or of the Primeval Forest," has returned to France on furlough.

W. J. Elliott, T …..urer. Board of Home Missions ** aud Church Extension 01 the Methodist Episcopal REV. LEONARD DANIELS. of Wilcannia, Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philaddpbia. Pa. N. S. W. has the first airplane constructed for missionary purposes. with which to visit his parish which is as large as England, Please rnllntloll 'fm: MISSION"IY REVl1'W 0.- ~H" Wom:'1> III wrltln~ to .dv"l'llsen. From a.n old OOpy of The Presbyterian HDme MiBtHonary.

WELCOMING THE IMMIGRANTS IN AMERICA FIFTY YEARS AGO

Ml~'SIONARY

EVIEW'

VOL. JUBILEE NUMBER-DECEMBER, 1927 NUMBER L TWELVE AFTER FIFTY YEARS G REAT changes have taken place in the world in the past half- century. Many notable leaders have come and gone; influen- tial movements have been inaugurated; governments have arisen and fallen; there have been tragedies and triumphs.

With this issue the REVIEW completes fifty years of life as an independent and progressive missionary periodical. In these years many other magazines have come and gone but, while the REVIEW has passed through many changes in outward appearance, it continues to serve the cause of Christ by disseminating missionary information, stimulating interest and upholding spiritual ideals and methods in Christian service. The main purpose and the standards have been maintained.

In this and in subsequent numbers, a series of articles will rehearse the great events and signs of progress in the world of missions during the past fifty years. The survey is one of exceptional interest. It would be more so if we could see the half-century from God's viewpoint to discover what has been truly worth while' and is abiding.

Other notable jubilee anniversaries are coincident with that of the REVIEW. Approximately fifty years mark the life of the Livingstonia Mission on Lake Nyasa, founded by Robert Laws of the Free Church of Scotland. It was fifty years ago (in 1878) that Alexander -;fackay arrived in Uganda. It was fifty years ago that the American Presbyterian Board of Home Missions established work in what was looked upon as the ice box of Alaska. In the same year (1877) the women of the Presbyterian Church in America organized for Home Mission work on a national basis. The American Baptist women united for Home Mission work in the same year. In 1877 the Student Christian Movement was inaugurated in the colleges of America after a letter had been sent out by the Student Association of Prince- 887

ton calling for a conference in connection with the international convention of the Y. M. C. A. at Louisville, Kentucky.

The year 1877 was marked in China by the Shanghai Interdenominational Missionary Conference and the year 1878 in England by the International Protestant Foreign Missionary Conference in Mildmay Park, London. These events of historic significance will be referred to more fully later.

In our January issue-also a special Jubilee number-we plan to show the world situation in 1877 as it stands in contrast with conditions in various lands in 1927. The missionary progress in the past fifty years will be shown by comparing the number of missionaries, the stations, the converts from non-christian religions and the pupils lmder Christian instructions in non-christian lands, then and now. In those days there were reported at the London conference only sixteen Protestant Foreign Mission Boards in America, twenty-one in Great Britain and seventeen on the European Continent. Today there are 153 such societies in America, (not counting auxiliaries, educational boards and cooperating missionary agencies). British societies today number eighty and there are ninety-six Protestant missionary agencies on the Continent. There are also numerous missionary societies in Africa, Asia, Australasia and Latin America, where Protestant churches were weak or did not exist fifty years ago.

Home missionary work in America has increased and has changed even more radically than foreign missions. Frontiers have been pushed westward and northward and new problems have been presented by the influx of Orientals, Mexi(lfLns and other foreign elements. Former Home Mission churches have become towers of strength, while parishes in the eastern states, that were formerly Christian centers, have themselves become subjects for missionaryeffort.

The world and the Church have been moving generally forward, but at times they have gone backward. The reports and contrasts presented in our special articles are illuminating.

THE WORLD'S RELIGIOUS PROGRESS OUR cover plate this month represents the comparative number of the adherents of the principal religions of the world nine- teen centuries after the coming of Christ and His commission to His disciples to evangelize the world. The chart is drawn in correct proportions.

It will be a surprise to many that professed Christians in the world out-number the adherents of any other religion-Hindu, Buddhist or Moslem. All classes-Roman, Eastern sects and Protestant-number about 640 million, an increase of 60% in the past fifty years. Protestants are estimated to number 180 million, an increase of 80% in the last half-century. The Roman Catholics are estimated

1927J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

at 300 million (50% increase) and Greek and other Eastern sects 130 million (30% increase).

Of the non-Christian religions the Confucianists and Taoists are most numerous (if the former may be called a religion). They number together only about 300 million-a decrease of 25%. Hindu sects include 240 million-a 20% increase; Moslems number 240 million-a 20% increase (mostly in Africa); Buddhists and Shinto worshippers number about 160 million, an increase of 25%; and animists or spirit worshippers and various atheistic groups number 240 million, an increase of 20%. The strictly pagan or animists have, however, decreased thirty percent in the last fifty years so that the increase has come from the growth of atheism in such lands as Russia or the falling away from faith in other countries. The Jews are difficult to tabulate as they are scattered and many do not avow faith in the religion of their fathers. Those of the Jewish race are estimated at about 15 million-an increase of 15Q1% in fifty years, through their large birth rate.

The total population of the world has increased, in the last half century, from about 1,400 million to over 1,800 million or approximately a thirty percent increase. The Christian converts from other religions have grown from about one million to over four million-or a four hundred percent growth, not including those who have died. The Protestant converts in the mission field were estimated in 1877 to be about 300,000 but today the communicant Protestant church members in those fields number 3,600,OOO–over a thousand percent increase. The total adherents to Christian churches in mission fields are estimated at over eight million.

While these figures are not exact they serve as a basis for comparison and a long look backward is encouraging as an evidence of the activity of the Church of Christ and the work of the Spirit of God in the world. Yet there remains a vast amount undone of which we may well be ashamed. While nominal Christians have increased over 240 million in number, the non-Christians of the world have increased at least 130 million. Clearly the Christian Church cannot yet rest complacently from her labors. The world of men whom Christ came to save has not yet learned to know and follow Him even in name, much less in daily life and service.

OUR MODERN MISSIONARY OBJECTIVE I F OUR present-day missionary motives should be examined to see if they are Christian and adequate, it is equally important to examine our modern missionary objectives. Motives and objectives are vitally related but they are not the same. A desire for business advancement or for novel experiences may send a man to a foreign field to sell merchandise but his objective may be to sell goods so as to increase the company's business or to benefit the peo-

pIe. A ~oldier may be moved to enter military service from love of country, from a spirit of adventure or he may be drafted. His objective may be to win the war so as to gain military honors for himself, to enlarge national territory or to right a wrong. The missionary objective, as well as the motive, will largely determine the type of men and women who volunteer, the methods they adopt and the whole plan of campaign.

The response to a second questionnaire recently sent out to missionary leaders in America reveals as great a difference in missionary objectives as in missionary motives. Fifty years ago the prevailing motives were loyalty to the command of Christ and a desire to save heathen souls from eternal death. The objectives were to evangelize the non-Christian world, to win men from heathen beliefs and practices to Christ and His way of life, and to build up a strong, true Christian Church in non-Christian lands. These objectives naturally determined the methods adopted.

Have these objectives changed? If so, are the new objectives better than the old? In response to the questionnaire to pastors, missionary secretaries, teachers and other Christian workers, the objective that received the most votes was" The training of a native Christian leadership," second came "The promotion of universal brotherhood," and then" Sharing with others our personal knowledge of Christ," and the" Christianization of all aspects of national life." '1'he fewest votes were given to the objectives: extending dellominational beliefs, the evangeli'zation of the world in this generation, the salvation of souls from eternal death through faith in Christ and" the overthrow of false religions which cannot save and which blind men to the truth."

These answers are illuminating if they represent any considerable proportion of missionary workers and church members. Many other objectives were marked as more or less desirable but were not accepted with any unanimity even among these missionary workers. Among these suggested objectives were-character building through the Christian message, deliverance of individuals from the power of sin, building up Christian communities as a leavening force, extending the benefits of Christian civilization, helping other peoples to make their own interpretation of Christ and "fellowship with people of good will who respond to the Christian message."

Evidently there is a lack of any general consensus of opinion and of any clear understanding of the objective that Christ, the divine founder of the missionary enterprise, set for His followers. If a commercial representative is to look to his employers to understand the objective of his mission; if a loyal soldier is to take as his objective the carrying out of the program of his government or his commander-in-chief, must not the true Christian look only to Christ and His Word to discover and understand the objective that shall mark his or her missionary service ~

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

What is the objective set before us by Christ Jesus, our Lord 1 The New Testament clearly states that He came "to call sinners to repentance," to save men from sin, to reveal God the Father, to give the abundant Life. He commissioned His disciples to make Him known so that His objectives would be accomplished. With this in view His disciples are: 1. To lead men to repent of their sins and to carry to all man- kind (while they live on earth) the Gospel of life which Christ came to proclaim and whicp He made effective by His life, death and resur- rection (Matt. 24: 14, Mark 16: 15 and Acts 1: 8, 13: 32).

2. To teach the people of all lands and nations, races and condi- tions to know God as revealed in Christ and to understand and ob- serve the commands of Christ as He taught the ",Vay of Life and service. (Matt. 28: 19,20, Mark 1: 16, Acts 5: 42, Romans 1: 5.) 3. To extend the Kingdom of God-His sovereign rule-through- out the earth by pe"rsuading men to become loyal followers and serv- ants of Jesus Christ and by obedience to the laws of God, as inter- preted by Christ, in personal, social, industrial and civic life. (Luke g: 2, 11, 60, Acts 28: 31.) • 4. To teach and train the followers of Christ-to" feed the sheep and tend the lambs" of His fold-so as to build up a strong, intelli- gent Church, with a fulness of life so that young and old, by precept and example will be true, strong disciples and effective, loving min- isters to others. (.John 10: 10; 20: 21; 21: 15-17.) What other objectives characterized the ministry of Peter and the apostles on the day "of Pentecost and subsequently in Jerusalem and .Judea? What objective sent Philip to Samaria and to the Ethiopean on the way to Gaza ~ Were not these objectives before the apostle Paul in all his labors in Asia Minor and Macedonia, in Greece and at Rome ~ Examine carefully the objectives toward which other successful missionaries have m~ved forward in all ages under the guidance and power of the Holy Spirit (Acts 1: 8). The blessing of God was on the labors of Raymund Lull, William Carey, Robert Morrison, Titus Coan, Henry Martyn, Bishop Valpy French, Robert Laws, Guido F. Verbeck, Adoniram Judson, John E. Clough, John G. Paton, Marcus Whitman, Sheldon Jackson and unnumbered others in home and foreign lands. Were not these their objectives in interpreting the message and program of Jesus Christ1 Has high secular educa- tion, or the increase of creature comforts, or the cultivation of na- tionalism, or even the effort to promote human brotherliness, proved as effective as the objective of leading men to know, love, trust and obev God as He is revealed in His Son, Jesus Christ ~ Such an objectiv~ is not selfish and does not appeal to selfishness. It deals with the individual first in order that he may be enabled to live a Christ-like life and may be more ready and better able to serve his fellow-men.

The missionary who truly takes Christ to the non-Christian may also take his books and his school, his surgical instruments and medicines, his gymnasium and his shop, his industrial betterment and his peace program, but he will not depend on these. They are important byproducts, not the main objective. "These signs shall follow them that believe."

With the missionary motive pure and the missionary objective clear, methods may change, but all factors will work together to save men by bringing them, individually and collectively, into harmony with God in the Way revealed and made possible by .Jesus Ohrist.

UNION AND DISUNION IN OHINA W HILE Ohina is being torn into fragments by domestic politi- cal str~fe, a dis~at~h reports that a conference of lea.d~rs in the Chmese ChrIstian Church has annoUliced the abolItIOn of denominationalism and the formation of a United Church of Christ in China.' There has been a movement in this direction for some years and the new organization does not reveal any radical or widespread change in the' situation. The conference in Shanghai, referred to in the dispatch, was made up of ninety-four delegates representing sixteen denominations-chiefly Presbyterian, Reformed and Congregational. The merger does not yet include Methodists, Baptists and others but involves over 1,000 churches in sixteen provinces, representing about one third of the Chinese Protestants who total over 400,000 communicant church members.

There has been formed a General Assembly for all Ohina, uniting the Congregational and Presbyterian Unions of Canton, South Fukien, Manch1,lria and churches of these denominations in other parts of the country. The first Ohinese Moderator of the new United Church is Rev. Cheng Ching-yi, a well known Christian leader. The organization carries a step further the movement for a united Christian Church for which missionaries and Chinese Christians have been working. Only a few strong denominationalists among the missionaries have desired to perpetuate 'Western ecclesiastical divisions and few Ohinese have been able to grasp the reasons for Christian sectarianism. With the withdrawal of many foreign missionaries it is natural that the Chinese should take matters more into their own hands. Let Western Ohristians pray that they may be guided and blessed in this undertaking to unite all true followers of Jesus Christ. If the Church of Christ in China is dominated by the Spirit of Christ and is true to His life, work and teachings as recorded in the New Testament, the Church will grow in strength and will be a blessing to China. The present turmoil and the withdrawal of missionaries may yet result in increasing the strength and purity of the Chinese Church, if the people realize that Christianity is not a for-

1927J EDITORIAL COMMENTS

eign institution and if they will accept responsibility for its support and promotion, and look to God rather than to man for guidance and power.

In the midst of the present disturbed condition, when over onethird of the foreign missionaries have been obliged to leave their stations, the Ohinese Ohristians have been faithfully carrying on the church work. One mission alone (the Ohina Inland Mission) reports 904 baptisms in the first five months of the year. A cablegram from Shanghai also reports that the "British Oonsul has given consent for the return of men to their stations at their own risk when permission is granted by local officials." Already some missionaries have left Shanghai for Hankow and other points in the interior. Encouragement is also gathered from the fact that the British have withdrawn over two thirds of their military forces from Ohina-a sign that much of the danger to foreigners seems to have passed. The outlook for peace between contending forces is, however, as remote as ever. The war lords cannot or will not come to an agreement. In the meantime the people sufter. They discount Nationalist promises since they find that the promises of the communistic army are not fulfilled. There is no hope for peace and prosperity in Ohina until selfishness is rooted out of national life and the laws of God, as interpreted by Jesus Ohrist, are recognized and obeyed.

THE NEW UPRISING IN MEXICO T HE present revolt against the Oalles Government and the exe- cutions of rebel leaders in Mexico have grown out of a bitter presidential campaign. 'fhe administration candidate was Obregon, and since he would continue the reform policies of Oalles, with probably a little more tendency to compromise with foreign and ecclesiastical opponents, many were ready to accept his imposition in order to continue order and progress. Others believed that they must "fight for their principles" and so the revolt was launched. Such armed protests always come in Mexico before the elections.

"General Oalles is facing a difficult situation. He had to choose between two courses. The one was to gain the friendship of the lower classes by carrying out a program of reform, distributing land to the peons, organizing large numbers of new schools, developing irrigation projects to help the farmers, and cutting down the national budget with the elimination of a large number of government and army officials. In this way payment of interest on the national debt and the salaries of public officials may be met continuously. His other course might have been to leave the army alone, to permit the budget to continue unbalanced, to court the favor of large foreign investors, promoting good business and forgetting the promotion of public education, land distribution, laws limiting foreigners, the development of public health and other social reforms that tend to stir

the opposition of certain vested interests. The President has chosen the first course.

"Undoubtedly many officials in the National army and the Ro- man Catholic Church, along with many foreigners and Mexicans in- terested in large property holdings, as well as a considerable number of Mexican liberals who resent the seeming approval of Obregon's candidacy by the present government, make President Calles' posi- tion a difficult one."

Dr. S. Guy Inman, who recently returned from Mexico,says: "Calles is a strong executive. He is putti~g himself enthusiastically into the educational and land reforms and has given a great deal of attention recently to balancing the nation's budget, to reducing the excessive number of employees both in the army and the civil departments of the government. No doubt he has used' strongarm' methods. Many believe that Mexico is not yet prepared for a democracy and the maintenance of peace is necessary while the educational processes are speeded up as rapidly as possible." The church question in Mexico remains about the same as since the beginning of the policy of the Roman Catholics to refuse to allow priests to serve in the churches if they must register with the Government. The Evangelical leaders, foreign and national, continue to obey the laws of the State in religious questions in spite of the difficult situations in which they are often placed.

FREDERICK L. COLVER-AT HOME O N ARMISTICE DAY, November 11th, Frederick L. Colver, who has been for nearly seven years a beloved and honored member of our Board of Directors, died at his home in Tenafly, New Jersey in the sixty-fifth year of his age. Like David, he "served his generation by the will of God."

Mr. Colver was a native of Milwaukee and moved to Brooklyn, New York, as a boy. In 1884 he and Edward W. Bok organized the New York Syndicate Bureau, chiefly to publish in newspapers articles by Henry Ward Beecher. From 1889 to 1906 he was successively advertising manager of the Frank Leslie magazines, then Treasurer and business manager, and finally President. In 1902, he established the first Periodical Publishers Association, composed of publishers of most of the larger magazines and weekly publications of national circulation. He was its Secretary for five years and succeeded Cyrus H. K. Curtis as President. In 1907-8 he was Secretary, advertising director and part owner of the Success Magazine and in 1913 he went to Philadelphia as advertising and business manager of Lippincott's Magazine, but returned to New York in 1914 to become business director of the National Boy Scouts of America. Mr. Colver is survived by his wife and son. He was, for some years, the efficient superintendent of the Sunday School of the Presbyterian Church of Tenafly, in which he was also an elder.

Early Days of the" Review"

Bemin,iscences of the Founde1', Royal G. Wilder BY HIS SON, REV. ROBERT P. WIT,DER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT l"l.A FTER thirty years of missionary service in Iudia, the Rev. Royal Gould Wilder r etired and went to live in Princeton, N. J., in order to make a home for hil'; two I';ons while they aUellded college.

For several years he had been colleeting material for a hook which he expected to write after his retirement from active service, and planned to publish under some such title as: "Kolhapur-the Kingdom and the Mission." The material for this book, as well as most of his library and other pos- sessions, were shipped in a ship sailing around the Cape of Good Hope to America.

'1'he s ail i n g vessel was wrecked off the African coast and everything on board was lost.

This was a great loss to the aged missionary, especially the precious material for the book-much of which had been secured from Brit- ish and Indian government offi- cials and could not be replaced.

In this book, he had planned to present not only the work of the mission which he had founded, but also to give some of his mature ROYAL GOUl,D WILDER convictions concerning the best way of carrying on the missionary enterprise, and the principles underlying effective service.

The publication of the book was necessarily abandoned, but after much prayer Mr. Wilder decided to start an interdenominational missionary magazine in which could be presented the work of missions in all lands as carried on by all branches of the Evangelical Church at home and abroad. N,! such periodical was then in existence. 'l'his magazine would give him a better opportunity than the book could have furnished to state the basic principles of missionary service and to voice his deepest convictions as to the policy which missionary societies should adopt.

One day in 1877 he surprised his wife by showing her the proof for the cover of a new magazine called THE MISSIONARY REVIEW on 895

which were the words Nil Desperand1tm Christo sub Dnce ("Nothing to be despaired of under Christ as Leader.") This motto represented the spirit in which the REVIEW was started and carried on for ten years until my father's death. It was no easy undertaking for a mission- ary, who had labored 30 years in a foreign land where his work was in a foreign language, to establish in America an English periodical without any editorial assistance. All the work of culling material from a hundred exchanges, all the editorials and proof reading were done by him. He even wrapped the REVIEWS and carried them to the post office. In those years I never knew him to take a holiday.

His table talk at home during . THE meals was most inspiring. At luncheon he might speak about the MIS SION ARY REV lEW. latest news from Central Africa.

At supper recent facts from China Nil DespmJ.ntlum, Ohnet. sub Duao. would be given. At breakfast In- dia's problems would be discussed.

No wonder that two of his children PUBLISHED AT PRINCETON, N. J. purposed to become missionaries as soon as their education could b I t d f th f t h f TERJiS…..$I.,so aJI"!"i11l1fitJtJnu, in U. S. and CanadtJ/ ~ s1UlI/ngr In e comp e e , o r e ac s e ur- E…'?_ro'lIi'li.8'…. s"'l"'.''',INlI•• Cl!,.•• Ajri"••NI nished thrilled, deepened loyalty SooJAA"'!ri'" Uocha'K,j"lmag'.

to Christ and fired enthusiasm for NEW Yoa", F. A. D. RANDOLPH & Co, evangelizing the world. His per- CHICAGO, ILL., sonal appeals to Princeton stu- W. G. Houllrs. dents and his editorials in the MIS- BOSTON, MASS., NoYES, SNOW & Co. SIONARY REVIEW were important T1Lthnmt & Co., Ludgate Hill. LoNOOJf: '.

factors in the f.ormation and VOLUME I. growth of the first group of Stu- dent Volunteers which was formed ijtUfUAkY, 18]8, to DECEMBER, 1878, INCLUSIVE.) in Princeton in the autumn of 1883.

TRE:NTON. N.l.: In the first number of the MIs- SIONARY REVIEW the editor pub- THE FIRST ISSUE OF THE REVlEW lished an article entitled" To Our Readers. " In this are given his reasons for starting the REVIEW. The following brief extracts from this article will be of interest: "First of all we ai~ to help develop an interest in foreign missions which shall speedily double the present amount of giving, praying, going and work- ing in this cause.". . . . . "We would supplant'no existing missionary periodical. Every society and board conducting foreign missions has its own organ, or keeps its patrons posted in church papers. There will be the same reason for these organs notwithstanding this Review." . . . . "We do not believe the church can hasten the millenium by abrogation of all de- nomi,national distinctions, and enforcing a rigid uniformity in the non- essentials of faith and practice. . . . Let every regiment fight its own battles, ready to help its neighbor as emergencies shall rise. Let each division

IP27] THE EARLiY DAYS OF THE "REVIEW"

move forward its own lines, in advance of all others, if possible, all provoking each other to love and good works, vieing with each other in self-sacrifice and love for souls, and in supreme love and loyalty to Christ, the great Captain of our salvation." "Very few of the most devout Christians of the church do at all grasp the magnitude of this work, and the immense resources in men and money which must be poured out at the feet of Jesus in obeying his divine command, 'Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature.' And yet this command is binding. It has never been abrogated. Its obligation is imperative. It rests upon every redeemed soul with a solemn weight of responsibility which can be exceeded, if at all, only by the exceeding preciousness of the privilege of obeying it."

"Should we continue to climb till we reach a mountain' top high enough to command the vision of a world evangelized, we shall see the Presbyterian Church of America sending to this work not less than $25,000,000 every year, for a generation, and keeping in it not less than six thousand ordained mis- sionaries, and all other denominations enlarging their effort!) in like measure.

And to this we must come ere Christ shall see of the travail of His soul and be satisfied. And then this, we fear, is not placing this work before the mind in its full magnitude." . . . .

"But how are Christians to be brought to understand and feel their. obligation and privilege in this matter ~ " .

"Let pastors look well to the spiritual life of their flocks, feeding them with the true bread and water of life, till devotion to Christ in their hearts be- comes a reality, love for souls a ruling passion, and this spiritual life flows out in currents full and strong enough ARTHUR TAPPAN PIERSON to embrace the world.. Where this true life exists, all that is needed to give its currents proper direction is infor- mation-facts as to the state of the heathen without the Gospel and facts as to the new life imparted to them by the Gospel, when it becomes the power of God to their salvation." . ' ,We shall aim, by diligent reading, research, and correspondence, to gather these facts from every heathen nation and tribe, and from every mission field on the globe, presenting them in suc- cessive numbers, and occasionally so generalizing facts and results, as to enable busy pastors and intelligent laymen most readily to grasp and understand them, and receive from them the convictions and inspirations inseparable from such knowledge. Of the value of discriminating notices of missionary bi- ographies, and of the many books latterly issuing on Oriental races and religions, heathen philosophy and mythology, and the various treatises bearing more or less directly on the work of missions, we need make here only the briefest mention."

Another reason for starting the REVIEW is given by him in these words: "To review the principles, measures, agencies and administrations of the different missionary boards and societies." Of this he wrote: "Some may fear lest criticism of the measures of good men may weaken confidence in them and do harm. Does not such a fear itself argue a lack of confidence in said men or measures? If they are perfect, the most searching scrutiny and criticism can but reveal and confirm their perfection, and secure to them more 2

absolute confidence. If they are imperfect, kindly criticisms and suggestions will improve them and make them worthy of more confidence then they now enjoy. " . . "There has been a strange omission, for the most part, of all public discussion of the ways and means employed for evangelizing the world. When have our religious papers and periodicals engaged in any search- ing investigation of the details of management by the different foreign boards 1 Or in a faithful 'comparison of the views and experiences' and results of our different American foreign boards, in comparison with those of the great foreign missionary societies of Great Britain and Europe?"

For ten years the MISSIONARY REVIEW was carried on in this spirit, during the last two years in spite of much suffering, since the editor was afflicted with a fatal and most painful illness.

It was on a Saturdav in late October, 1887, that the last number of Volume X was completed- all but a single page. That very day editorship of the MISSIONARY RE- VIEW had been made over to Rev.

Arthur '['. Pierson, D.D., and Dr.

James M. Sherwood. The old mis- sionary's quill was laid aside un- til Monday morning when he ex- pected to prepare the last page for the printer. On the following day, Sunday, he asked my sister and me to sing two of his favorite hymns: "I'm the child of a King" and "We've sighted the Golden Gateo "

JAMES M. SHERWOOD On Monday morning he entered the Golden Gate to see the King in His beauty and the Land of great distances. The unfinished page of Volume X of the REVIEW was used for a short obituary notice.

The aged editor passed away two days before the date originally set by him for his return to India where he hoped to spend his last days. 'When my brother said to him "You cannot live long enough to reach India," he replied, "Then they can bury me at sea-the waters of the ocean wash the shores of every land." His love and prayers went out to all lands and the REVIEW was founded and carried on to hasten the evangelization of all lands. He believed strongly in the watchword of the Student Volunteer Movement-" The Evan- gelization of the 'World in This Generation "-which he convlllcingly advocated in the pages of the REVIEW.

OF THE AMERICAN BOARD, BOSTON, IN l877

Mission Boards Fifty Years Ago A Half Century of Changes in M'ission~ry Adm,inistration and Or- ganizalionin the Home Boards BY ALLEN R. BARTHOLOMEW, PHILADELPHIA Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the U. s.

rt was a rare display of wisdom on the part of the Editor of the REVIEW tOo ask a man, j:'.mall of stat ure. to prepare an article in brief form on this very comp-Iex topi C. Without real1zing the task involved, 1 promised to prepare it. Lacking the necessary material, kind associates of other Boards came to Illy help, and to them the readers owe much of this information. A questionnaire was scnt to twelve secretaries , typical of all th e Boar ds of Foreign Missions tn the UnJted State'S. and their replies would fill a l2'ood!-sized volumc. How to perform thc feat of con.denf'.ation, into the given space, was the problem.-A. R. B.

F IFTY years ago practically every Mission Board had very inadequate secretarial staff and meagre office equipment. ·With the exception of the Moravians, all the denominatiOlls have ehanged the location of their headquarters. Some relocated in the same city, and a number report removals to other cities, all due, doubtless,. to the expanding work. Most of the larger Boards now have their headquarters in New York, but the old American Board still clings to Boston. The South and Middle ;West also claim a goodly share of administrative headquarters.

So far as one can gather the greatest changes are manifest along 899

material lines. Commodious buildings now shelter the larger Boards.

This indicates the permanency of the work, .and the liberal invest- ment of millions of dollars. A few of these buildings are revenue- producing. Fifty years ago most of the Boards occupied a single room with a desk and a few chairs; now many Boards occupy entire floors in large buildings.

Very meagre were the office outfits in 1877. No office had a typewriter, dictaphone, telephone or addressograph in those days.

The letter-press took the place of the carbon paper and the gelatine- pad was used in place of the mim- eograph. Perhaps quills and lead pencils were also used instead of the fountain-pen and eversharp pencil. In some offices, no doubt, sand instead of the blotting-paper was used to dry the ink. 'rhose were days of small things. Fortu- nately the men then did not feel the need of the many modern de- vices, so indispensable now, in the conduct of their work. It was not the age of mechanics. There were no taxi-cabs, no subways, no elec- tric cars and no sixty-mile-an-hour trains ! But the work at that time was in charge of men who were as capable, conscientious and cou- rageous as the men and women now. I add, "women now," for there were very few, if any ad- PRESENT HEADQUARTERS OF THE ministrative women secretaries in AMERICAN BOARD 1877. Strange to say, fifty years ago women were" the silent part- ners" in most of the church work. Experience has since taught the Boards that it was not good for man to be alone in the administrative work of Foreign Missions. The women today form a very vital factor in the conduct of the world-wide missionary enterprise, and we may well sing, "Blest be the tie that binds."

SECRETARIAL STAFF AND INCOMES The administrative staff then was small. One B oard that had only one secretary then has the same number now, but with" ten times as much work." Another secretary was also a pastor and editor. "In 1877," writes the secretary of one large Board, "the little work

1927J MISSIuN BOARDS FIFTY YEARS AGO

FRANCIS b'lELD ELLINWOOD ELDER RUDOLPH F , KELKER Secretary of the Presbyterian Board ()! Treasurer of Board of· Foreign Missions Foreign Missions, 1871 to 1908 ot the Reformed Church in U. S. 1877 that was required for the conduct of Foreign Missions was done by the officers of the committee elected by the general body." Lest the present Boards might be accused of a surplus of office force, a sage secretary says, "Considering the growth of the Board there is little difference in the staff now from what it was fifty years ago." To give a bird's-eye view of the progress made during the past fifty years, without partiality, the writer chose the Boards of the following churches to present a comparative statement as to secre- tarial staff (including women) and income: Secretarial Staff Income Denomination 1877 1.927 1877 1.927 Baptist (Northern) ………… Congregational .. "………… 2 9 $225,733 $1,436,124 Methodist Episcopal (North) …. Methodist Episcopal (South) ." 4 18 433,9179 2,137,371 Moravian ………………… Presbyterian Church (North) … 2 14 560,055 3,766,538 Presbyterian Church (South) ' " 2 11 114,000 2,500 Protestant Episcopal , … ,…… 1 1 13,054 68,017 Reformed Church in America. . . . Reformed Church in the U. S.. ,. 3 30 511,180 4,6'09,712 United Brethren …•… . …. . .. United Lutheran …..•……… 2 5 ' 59,947 1,220,635 United Presbyte:rian …….. . . , 6 11 114,976 1,292,553 1 3 58,152 510,977 1 5 200 463,355 2 7 9,027 212,889 3 25,000 985,000 1 3 77,028 1,062,199 Some of the secretaries and treasurers received no salary in 1877; a few received $2,500 and upwards; the salaries in 1927 range from $3,000 to',$8,OOO. "

REPRESENTATIVE LEADERS It would greatly enrich the missionary lore of the churches in America if the story were written of the lives and labors of all the leaders in Foreign Missions fifty years ago. Here is a rich mine of very choice material, and it is of too much value to the cause of Ch rist to let it remain hidden in the archives of the Boards. We can mention here only a few of the noble men to whom we owe so much for the deep and broad foundations laid i'ly them and upon which we have been building all these years. These saints will live on in the currents of the history of missions.

HEADQUARTERS OF .THE PRESBYTERIAl'< BOARD OF FOREIGN MlSSIONS IN 1877, 23 CENTER ST., NEW YORK Dr. John M. Ferris (Reformed Church in America) was a man of noble ability and peculiar effec- tiveness in bringing about the opening of Japan to Christian influence, particularly in promot- ing the coming to America of pronllsmg Japanese young men and their education at Rutgers College.

Dr. John B. Dales (United Presbyterian Church) gave the work of Foreign Missions a large place in the heart of the Church by his own vital interest in the cause and by his intelligent and interest- ing method of presenting the sub- ject through the pages of the Chr'istian Instructor and to church courts and congregations. FIRST BUILDING OF THE REFORMED Dr. J. Leighton Wilson (Pres- CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES, ARCH ST.. PHILADELPHIA byterian Church in the U. S.) greatly benefited the cause of Foreign Missions through his writings, having translated a number of the Gospels into African dialects, being editor of The Home and Foreign Record and The Missionary,

1927J MISSION BOARDS FIFTY YEARS AGO

and preparing many articles for the theological and literary reviews.

Dr. D. K. Flickinger (United Brethren Ohurch) was a keen and constant missionary promoter. He gave many years of faithful and efficient service to the cause of missions.

Rev. A. T. Twing (Protestant E pis cop a I Ohurch) was at first a traveling missionary agent, but from the very begin- ning he became a living and organizing power. His commanding presence was a fit expansion of his large heart and generous sym- pathies. He took special interest in the children, or- ganized the work among women, interested the sym- pathy of individual laymen in particular fields, and bound all the Ohurch to its missionary work by the strong and quiet influence of his catholic spirit and warm heart.

Dr. Robert L. Dashiell (Methodist E pis co p a I Ohurch) was one of the most eloquent advocates of missions. He traveled ex- tensively and labored ar- duously for the work. Dr.

John L. Reid of the same church was a very able ad- ministrator and 'left deep impressions on the mission- PRESENT HEADQUARTERS OF 'l'RE PRESBYTERIAN ary work of the denomina- HOME AND FOREIGN MISS'lON BOARDS.

•• . 156 FIFTH AVE.• NEW YORK h~ Drs. J. B. McFerrin and D. O. Kelly (Methodist Episcopal Church, South) were for many'years brilliant, unique, and very able leaders in the work of the denomination. There is nothing especially characteristic about their methods of work except the brilliancy and forcefulness of their addresses before the Oonferences and congre- gations.

CHURCH MISSION HOUSE, PROTESTANT PRESENT HEADQUARTERS OF THE RE- EPISCOPAL CHURCH, FOURTH AVE." FORMED CHURCH IN 'rHE UNITED . AND 22ND ST., NEW YORK S'fA'fES, AT PHILADELPHIA Few secretaries have been of greater constructive help than Dr. N. G. Clark of the American Board and Dr. Mark Hopkins, President, who is too well known among all classes of the present time to require any comment.

It was a great blessing to the cause of Foreign Missions that for so many years i t had identified with it men like the Hon. Walter . Lowrie, Dr. John C. Lowrie, Dr. Frank Ellinwood and Mr. William Rankin of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. Of Dr. Lowrie, it is' said that he wrote letters to the missions with his own hand, scorning the modern innovation of the typewriter. He was a man Of great frugality, deeply consecrated to the missionary cause, and with absolute loyalty to Hie New Testament ideals. Dr. Ellinwood was a man of rare intellectual power-a true scholar in theology, philosophy and comparative religions, a courageous and honest administrator. Mr. RankIn, Treasurer, was a most picturesque and intelligent personality. He lived to be 103 years of age. When he was over 90 he used to slip away from his home in the suburbs and: come into New :york alone to visit the headquarters of the Board.

Elder Rudolph F. Kelker (Reformed Church in the U. S.) was treasurer of the Board for many years.. He did more than any other man to keep alive the missionary spirit in our church, and bring us into contact with, the representatives of other Boards. He was a gentleman of the old school in faith and morals and left a deep im- pression on many hearts. '

MISSION BOARDS FIFTY YEARS AGO

PROMOTIONAL WORK In 1877 the literature of missions was scant. Very few magazines were published, and but few books, pamphlets, leaflets and tracts. The stereopticon was as great a novelty then as is the airplane now. Imagine the surprise of an audience of fifty years ago to see the face of a dignified secretary thrown upon the screen by a motion picture projector, which in our day causes no comment.

'There were no interdenominational missionary agencies then, such as the Student Volunteer Movement, the Laymen's Missionary Movement, and the Missionary Education Movement. The Annual Foreign Missions Conference, the Ecumenical Missionary Confer- BISHOP BENJAMIN BOSWORTH DR. N. G. CLARK, Protestant Episcopal Church. 1877 Secretary of the Am erican Board of Commis- sioners for Foreign Missions in 1877 ence of 1900, the WorId Missionary Conference of 1910 and the Foreign Missions Convention of 1925, the summer missionary conferences, missionary institutes, and schools of missions, all of these are products of later years.

The promotional work as now carried on through the educational and field departments was on a much less extensive scale. One secretary writes, "There was in those days less machinery and more direct contacts." Most Boards lay special emphasis on. the need of keeping constantly before the membership the scope and service of Christian missions.

A great deal might be said in commendation of the Boardmem bers and the Board officers Who are devoting their best thoughts and energies to the greatest of all' causes in (jurday~l:)1;J;twhyspeak about the living when their works do praise them 7 and Now LUCY W. PEABODY, BEVERLY, MASS.

SIXTY Years ago there was very little suggestion of any modifi- cation of the principle "woman's place is in the home." Her contribution to missionary work at that time was necessarily through the General Boards or the interdenominational organization known as the Woman's Union Missionary Society.

Fifty years ago woman's place and contribution were fairly well determined since most of the larger denominations had followed the example of this woman's union of '61 led by Mrs. Doremus. The Con- ~regational women were first to organize and were followed by those of the Methodist Episcopal, Baptist, Presbyterian and other churches. Women were learning that woman's place is also in the missionary society. With one exception, the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, the ladies' societies were becomingly auxiliary to their General Boards, with varying degrees uf independence of action. Neither men nor women considered it quite safe for women to assume the entire responsibility of organization though the men were very willing that they should do the work of their societies. Some of the brethren felt that they would fail in the administration of funds and so kept a careful check on finances. The place of woman in missionary organizations -ras closely and safely allied to her place in the Church, which still continues to be her place. This morning's paper (August 16, 1927), referring to the Conference on Church Unity in Lausanne brings this question of woman's status vividly before us as a present-day question. Four of the seven women appointed to represent the churches of the world, with 400 men delegates, raise the inquiry as to why, with women in the majority as members and supporters of the churches, only a negligible number should serve as delegates and none be permitted to speak. At a great world council an English bishop stated as the ground for their position that there were no women among the apostles and none at the Last Supper. Yet our Lord was cradled in a woman's arms and women were, we recall, at the Cross, and "very early while it was yet dark" at the tomb. It was to Mary that the Risen Lord revealed Himself. So women were not left out of the divine plan and they have generally been found faithful in the dar;kest hours.

It has not troubled women very much that they are not officially recognized. It was not for that reason that they organized as women, but because there was special work for women and children which 906 men could not and did not do, which appealed to women and to many thinking men as important and indeed necessary. So they began 60 years ago and in ten years had made a good start in building organizations, publishing literature, collecting large sums in small gifts, and learning to "speak in meeting" which was, if not out of order in general assemblies, not possible for lack of time. They were usually allowed to meet at the noon hour alone while the brethren were finiHhing luncheon which was an important woman's contribution.

The early '70s, now derided as the sentimental decade by certain modern writers, seem to those of us who were close to that period new days of practical idealism for women. They stood then in relation to a devastating war where we stand today. Their reaction was spiritual, international, progressive and took concrete and practical form. They cleared away the ruins which war always leaves, healed the enmities and built new world foundations, and they builded well.

The Women's Mission Boards began in the early '90's to seek association with each other through an annual and later a triennial conference which grew in 1911, after the Jubilee, into a Federation of Women's Foreign Mission Boards. On the material side they have saved, earned and invested in 50 to 60 years approximately one hundred and fifty million dollars in the work in foreign fields. This has been accomplished with very small cost for home expenses since women were free to give voluntary service when few men were able so to give their time. Boards, like the Women's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, with a present yearly income of two and one-half millions with an income of like amount for home missions, are the highest examples of efficient and economical business management. They could do this because they were free for the first time to work out their own ideas. Men had always had freedom to work out theirs and they chose to have their own organizations composed of men and managed by men for good and natural reasons. If women were to develop initiative and responsibility and train executives they could do it only in their own societies for women. They were needed also to select and send women teachers, doctors and evangelists to the Orient and South America. The great value of their organization at home was that it led to a remarkable education in prayer and in the study of fields with their various needs and types of work. This education began in the Cradle Roll and led up, with good grading, through Mission Bands and Junior Societies, Young Women's Societies and older groups.

Twenty-seven years ago the Women's Boards grew into a higher united plan of study through the group organized in 1900 at the Ecumenical Foreign Missions Conference. In these years they have published nearly 4,000,000 study books prepared by the best authors. Twenty-five years ago they inaugurated the Summer School of Mis- .sions at Northfield, Mass., which has been the model for some thirty

others throughout the country. The Federations of Women's For- eign and Home Mission Boards have general oversight of these schools, though each works under its own committee. During the year many institutes and study conferences are held, generally inter- denominational. Leaders are trained not only for teaching the text books, but missionary methods, and through the now popular Forum, allied questions of international relations and law observance have generally found their place in these conferences. Bible study classes for girls in camps and for women leaders, with opportunity to visit the literature exchanges, make the Summer Schools of great value to all Boards.

Seventeen year8 ago, in 1910 coincident with the jubilee of the first foreign missionary society for women, the Central Committee on the United Study of Foreign Missions published a book entitled, "Western Women in Eastern Lands." The author, Helen Barrett Montgomery, gave here a remarkable picture of the work of women in foreign missions. Nearly 150,000 of these stUdy books were issued and studied by groups of women of all denominations. The book seemed to have come by a special act of Providence since it was written before anyone had realized its historical significance. It was the book of the Jubilee campaign and many eloquent addresses at national meetings and in the local "Jubilettes" which followed, were based on the material found in this volume.

On the foreign field growing demands of women, liberated from zenana and the limitations of illiteracy and the need for trained teach- ers and nurses, have made necessary a higher grade of work. Seven Union Colleges in Japan, China, and India entered into a successful united campaign for funds which resulted in the purchase of land and buildings which are the loving gift of American women to the women of the Orient, a proof of international friendship. In addition to the seven which shared in the three million dollar fund is the Shanghai Medical College of A grade which is going steadily on with its work in spite of war. There are other beginnings of colleges and a long list of normal schools, high schools, Bible training, kindergarten, and industrial classes and best of all the social settlement which is the fine flower of every mission station demonstrating year after year the Christian home. This training abroad is reflected here at home in guilds and leagues and other national organizations of girls who learn their first lessons of international goodwill through their study and work for their missionary society.

Just at present we are witnessing a transition. Several of the women's societies have been merged with the General Boards and most of the others have been affected by the trend toward such mergers and the pooling of missionary interests in the denomina- -tions. It is not possible.at present to determine just what-the effect -will be. – The experiment-i'S too new. The women –who -have g.one

WOMAN'S PLACE IN MISSIONS FIFTY YEARS AGO AND NOW l09

into the General Boards are women who received their training in the woman's missionary organizations and are their highest product. It remains to be seen whether the united' boards will train women who will measure up to these who have developed through responsibility and the power to initiate. It is hardly possible to think of the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A., for instance, being able to work as effectively in a joint way as they have worked in their own separate organizations. Weare not sure that the men, if they really gave women equal power as well as place, would not lose in their efficiency. On the whole women work rather better with women. While they can hold their own fairly well with individual man on most questions, collective man on a Board. is another and a modern problem, and the training of women has not yet fitted them to meet on an equality even if men were ready for full equal status.

We of the '70's were brought up on J. G. Holland's "Mistress of the Manse" and Tennyson's "Princess" which helped to form our feminine complex, inferior or superior as we choose to consider it.

Our place and contribution seem to be at this moment in question. Indeed the whole missionary situation is changing. It is difficult for instance to say what will happen in China. Many Chinese women, educated in our mission schools, are loyal and outspoken in their Christian devotion. They have caught the heroic spirit of their teachers and are realrzing, in this day of trial, all that their Faith means and must mean. Christianity is revolutionary in the highest sense and is the only hope for the women of any land. But revolution without the motive and the method of Christ is dangerous. The women of America have worked wisely under divine leadership for the women of the East. Out of their colleges and training schools are coming the leaders of the new world for men and women. What women have done seems to be fully justified. Already, with these strong groups of Christian leaders, we feel a fellowship with no hint of patronage. We are workers together with God.

The World Day of Prayer has become an i:qstitution and we pray with greater power here because we feel the presence of the Christian women of Asia and Africa with us. Our prayers are the same, our needs the same. And now we unite for the first time in our Study Around the World. Our study book for 1927-28 in Japanese, Ohinese, Urdu and Tamil, Spanish and Burmese, will gather groups of Christian women into one great world study class and we Itll thrill to the thought that after fifty years we Christian women of the wor.Id have achieved our real unity. In Mrs. Platt's book, "A Straight Way Toward Tomorrow," we shall study Child Welfare, The Christian Home, Religious Education, Christian Literature, World Peace and Social Service, great problems for all Christian women.

It is interesting to see that leaders in internationalism now turn to the women of the missionary societies for expert aid. The Vice-president of the League of Women Voters stated in a recent article that women are prepared for citi'zenship and political organization by their work in their women's missionary societies in the country churches where they learned to work together for a cause. Directly and indirectly women's missionary societies have made a great contribution to the world and have strengthened the Church by this contribution. If we separate from the Church the distinctive work of women in the missionary societies the Church wiH feel a great loss. The work of the women is less than sixty years old. There is still much to be done and in these days of consolidation and merger, it is well to remember that we need also to emphasize special· ization. No great plan of men which weakens or lessens this work of women or removes from them responsibility and initiative really marks a gain. To a certain extent some of the mergers have done their best to perpetuate the work of women and may prove to be a g-reat forward movement. On the other hand the Church must not forget that the very success of the organization of women's societies has led to many other organizations of women who offer to church women fields for womanly service which may appeal to them and lessen their service in the Church. Unless the Church has large tasks to assign to its women with the same freedom and representation given men they would better leave the women to their own methods, which are not exactly like those of men. This is especially true of the missionary task. It is a beautiful divine plan of selection that puts women in charge of children and builds up a sisterhood with other women. Some of us who have lived in this work for fifty years are especially thankful for that privilege and are hoping that all the best may go on. The glory of the work catches the imagination of the girl of today as it did that of the girl of fifty years ago. Bobbed hair and short skirts are externals. The girls of the world need the girls of America and the girlhood of our churches needs this appeal for world fellowship and comradeship and sharing of God's best gifts.

It does not matter so much about the older women who love the work enough to do it under almost any form of organization. Their place and contribution are less important than that of our new generation who must assume some share in the world task if it is to be completed and if they are to be complete as Christians. Will they measure up to the standards of fifty years ago? As we left the summer school at Northfield, last month, with the song of 600 camp girls ringing in our hearts, "Follow. follow the Gleam," we felt that we could "Trust all nor be afraid."

WOMAN'S PLACE IN MISSIONS FIFTY yEARS AGO AND NOW

Missionary History Test for December PREPARED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK WHAT IS YOUR SCORE?

T HE following twenty questions may be used to test your knowledge of missionary history during the past fifty years. Grade yourself and your friends by the percentage of correct replies. Twenty cor- rect answers. score 100 per cent, ten correct answers fifty per cent, and RO on. The answers will be found on page 944, but do not consult '(hem until you have graded yourself on your answers. You will be interested to discover vour score.

1. Who'won great favor for missions in China by curing Lady Li, wife of the great viceroy, Li Hung Chang?

2. Whom did Henry M. Stanley pronounce" the greatest missionary since Livingstone"?

3. Who made the first tour of colleges in the United States and Canada in behalf of foreign missions in October, 1886?

4. Who introduced Siberian reindeer into Alaska ~ 5. Who was founder of the China Inland Mission and director of it for forty years?

6. What great mission was founded in Africa as a memorial to David Livingstone?

7. What agent of the American Bible Society gave fifty years to evangelistic work in Latin America, and was twice imprisoned?

8. What great mission was begun in Africa in the same year as THE MIS~.roNARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD was founded '!

9. What mission is farthest north of any in the Western Hem- isphere?

10. What young Moslem convert of Syria died in Arabia under suspicious circumstances that pointed to poisoning, after a brief period of successful work for Christ under Messrs. Cantine and Zwemer?

11. What notable Christian Indian woman founded the Sharada Sadan and Mukti, refuges for Indian widow~?

12. What English woman missionary made a heroic journey into Tibet and came within three days of Lhasa before she was turned back?

]3. Who were the founders of a Protestant mission to the people of Paris which now operates in many parts of France?

14. Who was George Grenfell and what was the name of his mis- sionary boat?

15. Who is Wilfred T. Grenfell and what is the name of his hos- pital ship1 16. Who founded, at Canton, the first asylum for the insane in all China?

17. What South Seas missionary earned more than $25,000 for mis- sions by writing the thrilling story of his life?

18. What native Japanese was educated by a Christian business man of Boston and became a college president?

19. What famous English world traveler became a convert to mis- sions and a large giver to the work as a result of what she saw mis- sionaries doing in non-Christian lands Y • 20. What event occurred in Korea soon after the arrival of Dr.

Horace N. Allen, the first missionary, that gave Christianity its first foothold in that long-closed land?

A MISSIONARY MAP OF CHINA MAD& FIFTY YEARS AGO-FORTY STATIONS

Fifty Years of Protestant Missions In China* A Bird's-Eye View BY REV. ARTHUR H. SMITH, D.D.

T HE seventh decade of the last century was a very unquiet segment of a very unquiet century. The war between France and Germany had set all Europe in commotion, with far-reaching world effects. The five years of civil war in the United States had recently come to an end. There had been discovered great undeveloped capacities for Christian work, more especially among women. In many of the leading American missionary societies, women's boards had been organized., Important changes had recently taken place in China, notably the suppression of the great Tai-ping rebellion, which lasted for fifteen years, devastating four- • In a sketch like this it is essential to take note of a long series of events covering practically the wbole perioo under review which constantly hampered and often stopped missionary work. Lack Of space forbids explanatory comment but a mere mention will convey to the, instructed reader something of the significance of th ese fncldents.- .d.. H. s. 912

<'I1<' TY YEARS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CHINA

• RAILWAYS IN CHINA IN OPERATION • UNDER CONSTRUCTION • CONTRACTED FOR MIS SIO N ARY MA P OF CHI N A TODAY teen out of the eighteen provinces, incidentally destroying some of the finest cities in China and p erhaps twenty million lives.

In 1860 there were perhaps an hundred missionaries pent up in Shanghai awaiting permission to open mission work elsewhere. Some went up the great Yang-tze valley to Hankow, other s to the northern ports of Chefoo, Tientsin, (and Peking), as well as to Newchuang in Manchuria. One of the earliest anti-Christian outbreaks was the Tientsin massacre (June, 1870), when ten Roman Catholic sisters of mercy, two priests, the French consul,three other Frenchinen and three Russians were killed. This was due to malicious and libelous reports of the murder of infants.in an orphan asylum. The French consul unwisely refused to aHow an J

official Chinese inspection. The outcome was the wrecking by a mob not only of the Roman Catholic cathedral, but of eight Protestant chapels. For more than a year foreigners were not allowed to enter the city of Tientsin. This occurrence and other smaller ones of a like kind in other provinces, kept the Chinese mind in a condition of perpetual ferment. The audience question, involving the nature of the ceremonies by which the young emperor received the foreign ministers, was regarded by the Chinese as a matter of :first impor- tance, and until this was settled (June 1873) and for some time after, the air was thick with rumors of impending disaster. A visit to Peking by American scientists to observe the transit of Venus ended , in their precipitate retreat to avoid an "incident."

A CHINESE CITY IN 1877- CANTON In the summer of 1874 the whole empire was excited by the prospect of a war with Japan in consequence of the massacre of :fifty sailors in the Liuchiu (Riukiu) Islands, but this was adjusted by the good officers of the British minister, Sir Thomas Wade. In January, 1875, the death of the enfeebled young emperor from smallpox, and the irregular and arbitrary action of the Empress Dowager T:;ju Rsi placing her little nephew (who was of the wrong generation) upon the throne, caused general popular perturbation. In the same year the premeditated official murder (on the borders of Burma) of a young British consular officer named Margary, again brought Ohina to the verge of war with Great Britain, but the matter was at last settled, after some dramatic episodes, by a heavy indemnity (silver taels 200,000) and the compulsory opening of several new ports,. to the intense dissatisfaction of the Chinese intelligentsia.

In the autumn of 1877 the baleful shadow of famine was thrown

927] FIFTY YEARS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CHINA

over several of the provinces of Northern China. Many missionaries and some other foreigners threw themselves into the work of giving local relief, but on a scale necessarily limited. The Chinese Government did practically nothing, some officials definitely forbidding foreign intervention, no matter how many died of starvation in consequence! The province of Shansi was the greatest sufferer. Millions of Chinese died of "famine fever" (often a combination of typhoid and typhus) till the population was visibly diminished. The fever was fatal to almost every foreigner who contracted it. Yet this great calamity though deeply disguised was a blessing to A CHINESE CITY TODAY-HANYANG NEAR HANKOW China, proclaiming in portentous tones the absolute necessity of introducing railways, but it was not until twenty years later that the first line was opened.

Floods of the great rivers in China have for ages been a destructive heritage from the past. One of the most calamitous overflows of the Yellow River (popularly known as "China's Sorrow") occurred in 1888, when the turbid torrent broke its banks rushing off to the south, as in ancient times. This event again brought foreign relief to the front on a large scale. The only radical remedy would be in scientific engineering of which China had then no experience and for which it had no resources, and no ambition. (The analogy between the problems of the Yang-tze and the Yellow River and the Mississippi and Missouri is at present very striking.) In the middle "eighties" there was a quarrel between FraI).c,e

and China, accompanied by much slaughter of unresisting Chinese although no war had been declared! This difficult matter was at last mediated (in 1885) by the aid of Sir Robert Hart. In the next decade there was the war with Japan, in which China was decisively beaten at Pingyang (Korea) and lost her navy, paying a heavy indemnity in addition. A little later came the spasm of reform in the young emperor Kuanghsii, his twenty-seven spectacular decrees followed by imprisonment for the rest of his life by his imperious aunt. Then followed in rapid succession the German sei'zure of Chiao chou, the ., Boxer" uprising in retaliation, the fifty-six days of siege of all the legations in Peking, the deliverance (Aug. 14th, 1900) by allied troops, the flight of the Empress Dowager, the slow settlement by A MISSIONARY BOARDING SCHOOL FOR BOYS, SHANGHAI, Il-' 1877 peace commissioners fining China four hundred and fifty million taels ($333,900,000) spread over nine and thirty years, with a view to preventing her fnrther effective antagonism for at least one generation. This was followed by the return of the Empress Dowager with the court, her belated adoption of the very reforms that she had suppressed, a national parliament, provincial councils, and somewhat later the doubtless prearranged death of the emperor, followed at once by the death of the Empress Dowager herself, removing the most prominent figure in contemporary Asiatic history. Then three more years of misrule, the premature and preposterous "Chinese Republic," the disappearance of China's one "Strong Man" Yuan Shih K'ai, the succession of military satraps, followed by the slow evolution under the lead of Sun Yat-sen of the so-called National Party determined to put an end to this ruinous tyranny at whatever cost. This is one of the main issues now turning China

FIF'l'Y YEARS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CHINA

into an armed camp. The other and not less important one is escape from overt and covert foreign domination.

In a mere charcoal sketch of missions in China, only the most general outlines are admissible. Numerical summaries are particu· larly irrelevant and misleading, for in the crisis through which China is passing it is impossible to forecast the conditions of the next five years, or even two years.

F'ifty years ago the interdenominational and intemational China Inland Mission had but recently entered on its unique enterprise. At the close of the half century its workers, together with those of various affiliated missions, numbered more than a thousand, widely A .!ISSIONARY BOARDING SCHOOL FOR GIRLS IN 1927 spread over China. Almost every society of importance has ex· panded its work and increased its agents.

In 1876 there were in China twenty-nine missionary societies with four hundred and seventy-three workers. In the latest Christian Year Book (1926) there were 8,158 workers, who are connected with more than two hundred organizations of the most varied types. Some of the small societies are sponsored by single individuals, others by solitary churches. In such cases the death of a patron, a change of pastorates, 0" anyone of many other causes might easily result in the suspension of the work, or its submergence in some more stable body. In the Christian Year Book, it is shown tha t since 1918 eleven units have disappeared (seven having united wit.h others) but on the other hand twenty-one new ones have been listed!

The development of a new national consciousness in China has extended to the Christian Church, which is now effectively taking into

its own hands its complete administration. There are many indications that this means radical readjustments in Christian missions in that land. In The Chinese Recorder for May-June, 1927, there was published a Preliminary Statement of the Committee of the Hangchow Christian Union, composed of members of five different churches, that of the Church Missionary Society (low church Anglican), the China Inland Mission, the American Presbyterian North & South, and the American Baptist, North. (At the Edinburgh Confer- Gnce of 1910 one of the most outstanding Christians in China, Dr. Ch'eng Chingyi, gave as one of the "seven points" of his brief address: "Denominational distinctions do not interest us Chinese"). In view of their future importance it is necessary to quote these findings of this pioneer committee.

1. SEPARATE FROM THE WESTERN CHURCH. (Basis of freedom and independ- ence.) . 1. A Church with sovereign rights. ?. Independence in government. 3. Iniiependence in finances.

II. ELIMINATE DENOMINATIONS. (Discontinue those religious practices and customs that have been brought from the West which becloud the Christ that we know.) 1. Follow Christ. 2. Unify the creeds. 3. Unify forms and ceremonies.

III. ESTABLISH THE CHINESE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. (Take over church author- ity.) 1. The Chinese Christian Church should have a unified system of organ· ization. 2. It should meet the needs of the Chinese people.

IV. THE ATTITUDE TOWARD THE FRIENDLY CHURCHES OF THE WEST. (Ask them to assume the place of a guest.) 1. Foster the original friendship. 2. Do not interfere with their preaching the gospel, but they should not establish churches, give baptism, or compromise our sovereignty. 3. As to the control of schools and hospitals, we will leave those matters to the government to decide. 4. If the Western churches wish to help in the matter of supplying workers and money, the appointment and distribution of the saine must be left to us.

V. THE METHOD OF INAUGURATION. 1. This plan will first be tried in Hangchow. 2. The five churches in Hangchow will each announce their separation from their original relationships. 3. All five churches will unite and organize the Hangchow Christian Church. 4. The matters of creed, ceremonies, and the details of organization must be presented and discussed a month in advance, after which they may be passed by the whole body and put into operation.

It has been said that politically the Chinese have "hurdled a century." In view of plans like this (of which there are several) it

FIF'£Y YEARS OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN CHINA

might be added that they are also planning to short-circuit Chinese history. If anything like this program is carried out instead of twohundred different Protestant bodies working in China there may be very few. Those which the Chinese can not or will not assimilate will be obliged to retire.

It is a perfectly rational question. What has the introduction of Christianity done for China '! What has Christianity done for any country~ What did it do for the Armenians, the first people to accept it~ vVhat for Greece, for the Roman Empire, for medieval Europe, for modern Europe7 Inquiries like these can not be answered offhand, nor without prolonged study, and a well balanced judgment.

The benefits of Christianity are not the less real because in every Prom an old copy of The PreSbyterian Foreign Missionary. MISSIONARY TRAVELING IN NORTH CHINA IN 1877 age they are ridiculed, undervalued, denied and despised, as perhaps they will be to the end of time. Christianity produces beautiful lives unmatched by anything found elsewhere. This it has done in China as in other lands, alike in the ancient Greek Catholic, the Roman Catholic, and the Protestant churches. It has taught a reasonable as well as a scriptural idea of God, quite new to China. It has given an explanation of sin of which China's religions took little or no account. It brings the news of Salvation, and of the indwelling and outworking Spirit of God in the soul of man.

Christianity has given a new conception of holy motherhood, of the beauty of childhood, and the worth of the individual as taught by the Master, never hitherto within the scope of Oriental thought. The Christian Church with its firm but gentle authority over the inner as well as the outer lives of men and of women, a weekly day of physical rest, mental recreation, and spiritual uplift, its regular

oral religious instruction for old and for young on life's duties and opportunities, opening to all men the spiritual inheritance of thousands of years of Christian and pre-Christian experience in sermon, story and song-all these are God's best gifts to a wearied and dis couraged age. Christianity has taught mothers how to care for their infants, and parents how to train their children, supplementing and vastly expanding and uplifting China's ancient system of education. It has taught China to care for her sick and disabled by the aid of modern appliances. It has introduced new therapeutic principles and practice on an unexampled scale. It has taught the importance and the necessity of universal education. Chinese educational ideals have always been lofty but limited. '1'here was practically no provision for teaching girls, the coming mothers of scholars and statesmen, although in a few exceptional instances women in China have attained scholarship and influence. The humble day-school for boys and girls, and also the Sunday-school have been the theory and the practice o,f each mission station in China, which has in reality been a dynamo radiating in every direction light, heat and electricity, and doing it all the time. The ,western-educated women in China, who have come in ever-increasing numbers, have been an object lesson, whether as wives, as educators, as physicians, or as trained nurses, wise and winning, strong and sweet, God's best gift to the twentieth century. Chinese girls, at first too shy to leave their humble homes, have now for decades been educated in Christian schools, have gone to foreign lands, and although relatively few in number have exerted immense influence upon their return to China.

The work of any earnest missionary" who seed immortal bears," is never easy. He has this treasure in earthen vessels. It is a truism that his real troubles begin with his first convert. He knows all too well what it is to have coming upon him daily the care of all the churches. He has longed for the time when that burden should be lifted by the evolution of an "indigenous church," now already well on the way to realization, but in widely differing degrees. The many bitter attacks upon the Church in China, and upon Christianity, are not so much due to dissatisfaction with its teachings, although that exists often upon a great scale, as to the behavior of those who have advocated it, but whose actions have not always squared with its precepts. It was once supposed that nations possessing and professing such a lofty moral teaching as Christianity seems to be, must be ideal. That superstition is extinct-extinguished by bitter experience!

The Christian Church in China will endure and come forth from its fiery ordeal purified and strengthened. But it is possible that large successes in Christian work in China will await the time when America, at least, has set her own house in order and has become in a more real sense a Christian nation. and Now BY REV. STEPHEN J. COREY, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI Vice President of the United Christian Missionary Society I N ADDITION to the spiritual appeal to prayer for the mission- ary enterprise there has always been the two-fold appeal for life to be dedicated to the service and for gifts to support the cause.

vVhat were the fundamental factors on which the appeal for missions was based fifty years ago~ What is the basis of the appeal at the present time~ Some of the elements of the appeal were more clear cut a half century ago, than at present moment when the whol~ enterprise is passing through a period of change and readjustment.

1. PERMANENT ELEMENTS IN THE ApPEAL There are factors in the missionary appeal which are fundamental and unchanging. They lie at the basis of all sending of the Gospel. The emphasis may have shifted, but they endure in the very foundations of Christianity. These are: The compulsion of divine love, the need of all men for God, the inadequacy of the non-Christian religions, the power of Jesus Christ to save, the imperative call of the Great Commission, the inherent missionary principle of Christianity itself and the results of the missionary enterprise in individual redemption, in social uplift, in education and in the overthrow of human injustice. These permanent factors in the missionary challenge form a broad and enduring appeal. They cannot rightly be discarded because of any change which may take place in human conditions. When the Church came to a consciousness of its missionary responsibility, more than a hundred years ago, all of these elements of appeal were expressed except the last. When measurable results began to be recorded, this appeal for human justice and higher education began to emerge. In the new missionary era of the present day, it behooves us to hold fast the unchanging realities of our missionary faith and appeal. Important as are some of the new elements, here are factors which fit into all periods and all conditions. To abandon them would mean a loss of faith and would bring disaster to the cause.

There are, however, changing factors in foreign missions work, brought about by rapidly shifting world conditions, which not only alter the emphasis in the missionary appeal, but may even bring into it different elements.

Fifty years ago the missionary cause knew nothing of the following realities: the awakened self-consciousness and virile nationalism 921 of Oriental races; the world awareness of once isolated peoples; the rising indigenous church in mission areas; the emergence of native leadership to take many responsibilities once carried by the foreign missionary; the discrediting of Western leadership through the example of so-called" Ohristian" nations; the change from expansive to intensive plans on the fields j the active and virulent non-Ohristian movements in the Far East. No church constituency, no foreign board and no missionary, or missionary leader, can afford to ignore the problems and adjustments necessary because of these changes which are certain to influence the missionary appeal. Changing conditions do not alter the unchanging factors in Foreign Missions, but they supplement and expand the appeal, and affect its impact upon both lif.e and financial support.

II. THE ApPEAL OF FIFTY YEARS AGO The missionary challenge of half a century ago was more subjective and simple than the challenge of today. It reflected the theology and outlook of religious thinking and preaching in those days, just as the present challenge is colored by those concepts of today. Someone has wisely said, "Men did not analyze motives and were not as psychological fifty years ago as now." The preaching then laid more emphasis on the life to come, while today the preaching is largely concerned with the life that now is. The missionary appeal then, dwelt largely on the lost condition of non-Ohristian people, while today their present intellectual and social needs are emphasrzed. One of the oldest missionary leaders writes, "So far as J can recall, the prevailing appeal of the missionary meeting and Sunday school fifty years ago was: Far, far away, in heathen darkness dwelling, Millions of souls forever may be lost.

Behind it was the awful significance of the words lost and forever, and all that in the physical sense." He goes on to say that there was also present the higher appeal of our "marching orders." Some no doubt rose into such an intimate fellowship with the eternal Father, who is Love, that they were caught in that great stream of love for a lost world.

Another one of the older men, a retired secretary of one of the oldest Boards who was a missionary fifty years ago, says, "My own impression is that the great change, certainly in our own denomination, is from the emphasis on the future life, to emphasis on life today." He adds, " A secretary of the Board gave an address at one of our annual meetings, in which he pictured the non-Ohristian populations of the world passing in review for days and weeks, and dropping over a precipice into eternal damnation. It was a vivid picture and I imagine it made a strong appeal at that time." A general, interdenominational conference on Foreign Missions, held at Mildmay, London, in October 1878, with delegates from thirtyfive Boards and Societies, gave one whole session to the "Claims of Foreign Missions on the Home Churches."

The appeal as it was presented in that meeting revealed a number of outstanding elements. The most oft-repeated note was the Great Commission of Our Lord and its imperative obligation upon Christian people.

Next in emphasis was the millions of the lost, without hope, hurrying on to judgment, with the compulsion of the fact that out of every three persons in the world two had never seen the Bible or heard of heaven or hell.

Close to the above in emphasis was the assuring success which had already rewarded missionary effort. Then followed the spiritual need of the church at home for the unselfishness and Christ-like spirit which the missionary passion develops. Some other appeals em" phasized were: the duty of taking to others the blessings bestowed upon us;' the social and educational uplift provided by missionary effort; the unifying influence of the missionary task among Protestant Christians; the new means of communication and a more accessible world; our compassion for suffering humanity; our debt to the nations for past neglect. The duty was also emphasized of carrying the Christian elements of our civilization to the uncivilized and unChristian lands.

The literature of forty years ago had a strong element of the crusading spirit in it. 'rhe thought was that Christ's policy for His Church was not one of concentration, but diffusion and that the n regions beyond" should be our cry in a holy and enthusiastic crusade upon the kingdoms of darkness in all the earth. This was followed a little later with the electrifying call of the Student Volunteer Movement, "The Evangelization of the World in this Gener- ation. " III. THE ApPEAL OF TODAY The change of emphasis in the appeal from fifty years ago, as far as theological convictions are concerned, can be accounted for by the different emphasis in modern teaching and preaching, and by the changed views of child psychology. Most religious work today, both at home and abroad, emphasizes the proper training of the child, rather than the snatching of adults from the burning. But other factors in the relation of the missionary cause to a shifting world cannot be so explained.

Fifty years ago, and even in more recent times, the missionary task seemed relatively simple. It had to do with the conversion of, non-Christian people to Jesus Christ and its chief objective was emphasized as the winning of converts and adding them to His Church. 'rypes of missionary work not directly evangelistic, such as healing and education, were considered mainly as keys to unlock the hearts of people for evangelism. Today the work of Foreign Missions is decidedly complex. The closer contact of the East with the West, the presence of many foreign students in America, the nationalistic movements in nearly all mission fields, the handicap to the Christian appeal because of the unChristian political and industrial relation- ships of so-called Western Christian nations with the East, have all added to the problems of the work.

The missionary enterprise cannot longer be looked upon only as a crusade to bring the whole world in line with Christianity as interpreted in the West. It is now recognized as including the task of penetrating the Oriental world with the spirit and teaching of Christ, for both individual and social life. Its base line is the conversion of the individual to Christ, but its imperative circle includes the transformation of the entire area of Oriental thinking and living, through the cleansing power of the Christ life. This is a vastly greater undertaking than missionary work as conceived of by most people a half century ago. It demands a more comprehensive appeal that must challenge a consecration both in life and substance, commensurate with the larger undertaking.

Our Lord said to His disciples, "Pray ye the Lord of the harvest that he thrust forth laborers into his harvest." That call to prayer is as insistent today as in the first century, but we must pray wisely. Until recently most of our praying has been as though the laborers were all to go out from the home base. It is now evident that such is not the case. "While missionaries must still go to foreign lands, th,ey must be fewer and better equipped, and proportionately greater numbers of native leaders must take up the work. Perhaps the greatest challenge to our faith in missionary effort tod!lY, is for a new realization that our support must be invested more largely in the service performed by brothers whom we have not seen. Our giving for the spread of the Gospel must find its objective increasingly in the wise undergirding of native Christian work on the field. The major part of the enterprise can no longer center in the support of the foreign missionary. We should frankly face the issues involved. This is due the work itself, the home constituency, and the young American life which stands ready to go and serve in distant lands.

The major factors affecting the number of new missionaries needed at the present time for service abroad may be catalogued as follows: 1st. While the expense of carrying on missionary work has greatly increased since the "Vorld War, due to changed economic conditions throughout the world, missionary giving has remained very much at a level for the last six years. Missionary budgets have therefore either remained stationary, or have been cut-some of them drastically. As a result fewer new missionaries have been sent out. This decrease has also affected the native work on the fields. This cannot be longer endured if the work is to be preserved. Boards are, therefore, receiving the message from their fields, "Send us no new missionaries, except to fill emergencies, until our budgets can be largely increased for the regular work."

2nd. We formerly thought of missionary expansion hugely in terms of new missionaries, new fields occupied, and new stations opened. Most Boards and missions are now thinking of enlargement in terms of strengthening what has already been established. In other words, for the time being at least, the Foreign Missions program must be intensive instead of expansive. It is quite generally recognized that to put large additional sums of money into an enlarged staff of missionaries just now, would jeopardize instead of help the work.

3d. The prayers of the past are being answered. An indigenous church, self-supporting and self-directing, is arising. It is a slow prOCt~SS and foreign missionaries will be needed for many years, but the change is taking place. It is doubtful whether a largely increased staff of missionaries would help in this readjustment, even though the money was available to send them.

4th. Then we have Ohina and the great crisis in Ohristian missions there. Even at the very best, with missionaries invited back within a comparatively short period, it is evident that Ohina will nepd no increase in the present number of missionaries for years to come.

Thus the appeal for enlargement and more adequate support for Foreign Missions, cannot at present go hand in hand with a call for ~. largely increased missionary staff. This perhaps is the most vital change in the missionary challenge. What ever may be the reason, the call to "evangelize the world in this generation," which was the stirring appeal of thirty years ago, no longer successfully challenges the Ohurch to give, or its young life to go. Any such plan of wholesale evangelization seems now to be both impracticable and superficial. Evangelization does not go by generations even at home and the kingdom builds infinitely more slowly in non-Ohristian lands.

THE OHALLENGE OF THE HOUR What then must be the distinctive challenge of this hour1 From every side comes the answer, "It must be Jesus Ohrist Himself." This' is of course not a new appeal, but a re-emphasis in singleness of devotion and inclusiveness of purpose, of the fundamental call which is at the heart of all appeals. Our line of attack must be shortened and the diffused factors in our appeal must be brought to a focus. While retaining and proclaiming the majority of the elements in the challen,l('e of former years, we must make them all center in Christ. To live His life in America is the one great vindication for carrying His message abroad; to make Him known to those who know Him not is the one challenge and inspiration of the Christian missionary. Handicapped as we are by, the pagan elements in our Western civilization and revealed to the East more surely in our sins than in our grace, what have we to take that will endure the fierce fire of present day refining, other than Jesus Christ, the Son of God and the life of men~ The appeal to young life to go out to this task of revealing Christ must not be to a militant crusade, but to a supreme devotion to the living Christ who is indispensable to the West as well as tothe East. The appeal to the Church at home must be the same-the call to take Jesus Christ, the only adequate answer to fundamental human need and the only dynamic and apologetic for the missionary task.

We must emphasize this appeal. Here is where a crusade is in order. The mechanism of our budget systems is leaving a multitude of the Christian, people of this decade without light. In many churches no worthy appeal for missions is made whatever, and the fact that the Cause has tJeen written into the budget, is taken for proof that the problem of giving for missions is settled. No appeal is effective unless it is presented. Even the command of Ohrist to go into all the world finds its imperative obligation only in knowledge. In many a church a sermon on the Great Oommission and its adaptation to the modern missionary situation, would be a startling novelty. The budget system for missions is not an appeal, but a helpful mechanical device. It makes education even more necessary than before, because the sharp point of specific and definite appeal is largely gone. If the missionary banners ever needed lifting, the present hour demands it. A new crusade is imperatively needed at home to set forth Ohrist as the one Hope of all the world, and the universal penetration of His life and teaching as inherent in Ohristianity, basic in the teaching of the New Testament, and imperative in our Lord's command.

CHRIST CALLS FOR BOYS AND MEN Christ's plea as it was heard by J. M. Coon at St. Petersburg, Fla.

For My world task, greatest of all Men, true men like Paul, are sorely the tasks needed now Of earth, I need great men and gifts In this earth's crucial hour. Awake, to match. o Church and hear! Render unto God the men who are God's Send Me your men, your princely, venturous men; E'en though it mean a taking of the cross. Send men; for they give aU who first give self. I am ready, My great apostle said, 1 must have men-the Lindbergh Going the way of sacrifice and death; type of men; Nor counted he his life a thing tQ Only so can I win this lost world. spare. Now so in need of glorious achieve- ment.

Send men of prayer, obedience and towering faith.

Frr;rn The Presbyterian Home lJ-I1I.ssionarll

HOW MISSIONARIES TRAVELED ACROSS THE WESTERN PRAIR.lES FIFl'Y YEARS AGO Half Century of Progress in Home Missions BY REV.•JOHN A. MARQUIS, D.D., NEW YORK General Secretary of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

I T IS difficult to distinguish between progress in Home Missions and progress in the Church at large. Home Missions is simply the vanguard of the Church. Its business is to introduce the Church and to so establish it that it will become self-functioning and self-sustaining within definite areas. This accomplished, Home Missions within these areas ceases. The height of progress in Home Missions, therefore, is to work itself out of a job, and this it has been been doing in one area after another from the beginning, and especially during the past fifty years. Its mandate is to furnish the privileges of the Christian religion to the religiously underprivileged communities and peoples of the home land. These privileges include t.he whole gamut of the service that the Gospel of Christ is intended to render to mankind, of faith and worship and welfare, and institutions competent to promote them. These are the mission of the Church to the world :-to call men to faith, to maintain worship and to advance the well-being of man in all the relationships of his life. ·When a community, or a people, have been brought to the place where they are able and willing to do these things for themselves, they are 927

no longer religiously underprivilege~ and pass beyond the boundary of Home Mission responsibility.

A study of the efforts of the Church within these fields, that is, in Home Missions, reveals lines of undoubted progress, among which we mention the following: 1. Placing the Chtlrch. During the fifty years just past the American nation has gone through one of the most remarkable developments of. history. Its population has more than doubled, for one thing, and for another, its people have penetrated to every nook and corner of its vast territorial extent. Still more, it has gone through an equally remarkable transition in type, and instead of be- HOW MISSIONAR~ES TRAVE!L ACROSS THE PRAIHIES 1'ODAY ing prevailingly agricultural and rural, as it was fifty years ago, it has become prevailingly industrial and urban. It has been the task of Home Missions to keep up with these developments and changes. New communities were created by the hundred almost over night, some of them of the old type of rural community, and in recent years there have been many of a new type of industrial community, peopled largely by immigrants of a class entirely unknown to America before. It has been the task of Home Missions to furnish these communities with churches and to maintain them until they were able to maintain themselves. In view of the magnitude and difficulty of the task it has been creditably done, not fully by any means, but it has been done as well as could reasonably be expected. Morerthan 90% of the new Protestant churches created to meet the growth and spread of the population during this period were organized})y

1927J HALF CENTURY OF PROGRESS IN HOME MISSIONS

Protestant Home Mission agencies and supported by them until they were able to go alone; not a few of them are now among the strong- est and most influential churches in America.

Unfortunately in many places the matter was overdone. Oom- munities that needed but one church were supplied with severalto the weakening of religion and giving occasion for ridicule by the ungodly. We may as well confess that much of this overchurching was due to sheer denominational rivalry-or if rivalry be an offen- sive term, call it denominational zeal. Each denomination was afraid to be left out. Expansion was a mania. Every little town on the prairie or in the mountains was sure that it was going to be another Ohicago or Denver. The land agents said so, the first settlers believed it, therefore it must be true. Few Home Mission superintendents were willing to take the risk of leaving their denomination out of the first grand rush. So they generally all entered on the ground floor- to discover later that it was a very small floor with slim prospects of its ever becoming roomier.

While- much of this needless multiplication of churches was due to miscalculation of the future, some of it, perhaps a good deal of it fifty years ago, had conscience of a sort behind it. There were then, and there are still, denominational representatives who feel it their religious duty to place a church of their persuasion in any com- munity, no matter how well churched it may be already, where a handful of its adherents call for it. They seem to be possessed of the notion that God is a member of their denomination, and will not enter a community unless it is represented. Happily such leaders are a diminishing element today, and ere long will doubtless dis- appear altogether j so we thank God and take courage. One of the big problems that Home Mission leaders are struggling with today is to rectify these mistakes, and they are doing it. Fifty years ago the statesmanship of a superintendent, and of a denomination, for that matter, was gauged by the number of new churches organized.

Our guess is that it will not be long until the test will be the number of needless churches closed and the amount of energy and money put into them that is transferred to places where there is both need and room.

Despite all this, the Home Mission forces during the past fifty years did a great piece of work in following the American people in their migrations with the Ohurch, including all that the presence of a church in a community means of religious instruction, public worship and evangelistic appeal. What the civilization of the new states in the West owes to this fact is beyond appraisal. It is worth noting also that it is from these states that our American civilization gets its. strongest Christian emphasis; We are thjnkingat this point, to be sure, only of what has been done during the past half century for what we may call people of our American stock, those who speak 4 .

/ the English language and generally cherish Protestant traditions. In the main, Home Missions has cared for them well as they have spread over the continent. When they have trekked to the fastnesses of the Rocky Mountains, or to the gold fields of Alaska, the home mis- sionary has gone with them and done his best to care for their souls.

2. M'inistering to the Diaspora. America has had many such during our fifty-year period, and has them yet, people so scattered on the prairie or the mountains that a church among them is impossible. In many cases they are so far apart that they cannot be said to have a community. Then there are those who live in temporary communities, such as lumber cutters, seasonal workers such as migrant harvesters and toilers in canneries, and the foreign-speaking immigrant, who because of his language disability is more isolated than any of them. Among these throughout the whole of the fifty years the itinerant missionary has been going, establishing Sunday schools, distributing religious literature and visiting them as he could. The achievements of these years could not have been won without the Oircuit Rider. He is still riding in widening circuits, and to remote corners, the mightiest kingdom builder the American Church has yet produced.

3. Collateral Service. From the beginning the Ohurch has carried educational and humanitarian institutions as a necessary part of her program. In the field of American Home Missions the establishment and maintenance of schools, hospitals, dispensaries, houses of neighborly service, etc. is almost wholly a development of the last fifty years. At the beginning of the period they were practically non-existent as Home Mission enterprises. Today they bulk large in all our programs. They are confined to communities and peoples who could by no sort of consideration support such institutions themselves. They are among the American Indians, in Alaska, in the mountains of the South and Southwest, in isolated immigrant communities and particularly among the vast Negro population of the South. They are rendering an immense humanitarian as well as religious ministry to the neglected and underprivileged peoples of the country. The evangelistic programs of the churches in the regions they serve are vastly stronger because of them. Hundreds of workers are employed in this form of Home Missions today, and millions of dollars raised and expended in its support, and practically all of it the contribution of the last fifty years. . Ooincident with this, and largely because of it, has been the emergence of organized Home Mission work on the part of the women of the churches. Perhaps the most outstanding and challenging mark of progress in the period under discussion is the educational and medical work carried on by the women's missionary societies. It has grown and prospered and served under their management in a way that has a right to be called providential.

HALF CENTURY OF PROGRESS IN HOME MISSIONS

From an olel OOIlJl of The Presbyterian Home Mia8kmary. MORMON FAMILY LIFE IN UTAH FIFTY YEARS AGO 4. Specialization. Another product of the fifty years in question is the development of specialized forms of Home Mission service, the discovery, to speak after the manner of scientists, of a new technique for attacking new problems. As already intimated the population of the country during the period has been in a state of flux. The American finds it hard to stay put so far as his place of habitation is concerned. The opening up of the rich agricultural lands of the West caught the imagination of the old type of farmer in New England and the Middle Atlantic States, and he took the advice of Horace Greeley and trekked westward by the thousand. Into his place, if his place was taken at all, there moved, in many localities, a man from Eastern or Southern Europe who knew nothing about, and rarely could be interested in, the church he found there. Along with this came the rise of industrialism. Factories and mining companies took possession of the corn fields and meadows and were manned nearly altogether by foreign labor.

This shift of population and occupation created two problems for the Home Mission forces: One to follow the old American to his Western home, and the other to take care of the new Americans who

swarmed in from Europe to take his place, or to work in the" infant industries." The former could generally be solved by the old methods, but the latter was impervious to them. It was, and is, a bewildering business, and it would be going afield to say as yet that any Home Mission leader clearly sees his way out. But experiments have been made and new met,hods of attack invented which have made some dent on the problem. Such ventures as the specialized rural parish plans and the community center projects in immigrant settlements have shown an encouraging degree of success where they have been seriously tried. At any rate there is now in process of development a technique for getting the old Gospel into these new situations which promises enough success to warrant a more vigorous trial than it has yet received. The Apostle Paul approached people with the Gospel on the basis of their psychological and sociological conditions, and the Mission Boards are simply trying to do the same thing in pursuing the new methods of which they are often suspected and for which severely criticised. Paul preached the same Gospel in Athens he did iIi Jerusalem but with a different approach. Our conviction is very deep that all this development, which is the product of the last few years, means progress for Home Missions and the Ohurch among the most difficult people they have to deal with.

Another progressive step of recent years deserves prominent mention, viz., the vastly more effective organization for Home Missions now obtaining in the cities of the country. In many of the major cities definite and well-manned church-extension movements have been set up which are attempting to deal with their problems in a scientific and thorough-going way. The modern city in America is a heart-breaking affair for Home Missions. It is a new phenomenon in both our church and national life. In most of the larger ones the foreigner and his children constitute from 50% to 80% of the population. They herd together in ghettos and districts which give them a solidarity of resistance exceedingly hard to break or even to crack. But here, again, the church extension agencies have made themselves real boards of strategy and are trying out every- thing they can think of to get the Gospel of Ohrist in all its fullness. before the polyglot minds of these dense populations.

5. Interdenominational Cooperation. This is the most hearten- ing and hopeful sign of progress above the horizon today in Home Missions. It is a conviction that year by year has been ripening into> a policy. Less than two decades ago there were formed the "Home Missions Oouncil II and the" Council of W Ollien for Home Missions, I ~ whose specific purpose it was, and is, to promote cooperation among the agencies at work. Today these councils comprise more than nine . tenths of the Boards and Agencies of Protestantism. They are weH organized and officered and well supported by the agencies which belong to them. Fifty years ago such an arrangement would not have

been possible, had anybody thought of it, which nobody did. In the short period of their existence these Councils have done some notable things. They have brought their constituent Boards, for one thing, to a knowledge and appreciation of what each is doing. If a stranger twenty years ago had read the report of anyone of the Boards to its denomination he would never have suspected that anything was being done by anybody else. Presbyterians, Baptists, Methodists, and so on to the end of the list, each reported their own work without any hint that others were in the vineyard. This is all changed today. The reports without exception, so far as I have been able to examine them, contain sections devoted to cooperative work and agreements, together with statements of the amount of money appropriated to these ends.

To be sure competition has not been remedied, it has not been entirely prevented in new fields, but it has been abated. More than that, a new attitude of mind has been created toward it. Weare ashamed of it today, and when it occurs we hunt round for an excuse or somebody else to blame it on. The Home Mission agency that pushes into a field already occupied by other denominations is on the defensive, which is a new thing under the sun in interdenominational relations.

The movement toward mutual understanding and cooperation has gone much further in the large cities than elsewhere. In many of them there is what amounts to a contract that new enterprises shall be located by mutual consent. Inter-church federations have been formed to foster comity and united effort, and they are becoming increasingly influential and dominant.

A notable instance of effective cooperation is what is now going on in the Republic of Santo Domingo, probably the most neglected spot in the two Americas. About six years ago a proposal was made to go into the Island jointly. It was immediately accepted by five Boards: Two Methodist (men's and women's), two Presbyterian (now one) and the United Brethren. An independent Board, called "The Board of Christian Work in Santo Domingo" was chartered, the members of which are elected by the participating Boards. The participating Boards also furnish the necessary funds, but they do not administer the work; that is done entirely by the new Board. The enterprise is prospering under this arrangement, and no one concerned with it would think of going back to the old denominational way.

As a matter of sober fact denominational over-lapping is disappearing from the field of Home Missions. There is today far more of it among self-supporting churches than among those receiving aid from Home Mission funds. The remedy is public opinion within the churches. Due to the precedents set by the Home Mission forces such public opinion is rising and is already making itself felt.

These are some of the lines of progress that characterize the Home Mission work of the evangelical churches in America during the past half century. Others deserve mention and treatment did space permit; the contribution to evangelism, for example, and to the growth in church membership during the fifty years. While the population of the country has doubled the membership of the evangelical churches has quadrupled. ')'he Home Mission churches have led the procession in this gain, their percentage rate of increase on profession of faith being from two to three times that of the churches at large. Mention should also be made of the development of a body of forceful and well-trained Home Missions local executives, who are more and more being looked to for leadership within their From an vtd OOPJI of The Presbyterian. Home M0£8sWnary. MINNEAPOLIS A HALF-CENTURY AGO areas in all that pertains to the general welfare of the churches, such as evangelism and benevolence.

In a large sense these years in America, like the whole of the nineteenth century, bear a significant resemblance to the first year of our Lord's earthly ministry. They have been a time of preparation, a period granted us by the Captain of our Salvation to gird and equip ourselves for a vaster, nobler service to all mankind in the years to come. The whole history of America thus far means this if it means anything in the providence of God: getting ready for a planet-wide, human-deep campaign of redemption such as has been carried forward by the Christian forces of no other nation before us. Will the next fifty years see this campaign fully launched 1

®. ~hWU""B'UEWST

EFFICIENCY POINTS FOR A NEW YEAR'S WORK The Peace of Goodwill move" than in present-day activities The distinguishing note of Christ- of church missionary organizations.

mas is comprehended in the message "The faithful few"-all honor to that marked the advent of Him who their genus-are fast becoming ex- was born in Bethlehem-" Peace and tinct as we line up the whole church Good Will." Peace can come only lor missions and the recruiting goes from go~d will. III will produces dis- cheerily on, from the wee cradle cord, bItterness and strife. The rollers to their grandparents. Goose- world's yearning today is for peace. flesh sentimentality is being replaced Every experiment has been tried, by a sensible estimate of the mission- every nostrum suggested to effect it ~ry as a person of normal psychology, but it seems still an evanescent dream: In a gOIng concern, subject to the Perhaps that is because we have same l~ws a~ ~hose that r-overn any lacked the good will that alone can other hIgh spIrItual endeavor. "Fling produce it. Said the late President out the Banner" and "The Morning Harding to me on one occasion: Light is Breaking" have drowned "The Gospel of Understanding alone out certain oft-used old-time hymns will insure a tranquil world." The that used to die a doleful death alter Gosp~l of Understanding, yes, under- five or six stanzas of quavering pathos.

standIng that is based upon good will. " The usual monthly missionary meet-.

That is the Gospel of Christmas. ing" of twenty-five years ago was With an increasing desire fobrecpoemaicne~ often to be taken, like castor oil, not with world interests fast for the taste but for the effect. Now- more common and its relations more ada:ys missionary meetings are be- intimate, shall we not believe that comIng normal· and correspondingly through men and women of good will attractive. Speed the day when we ~ better and happier understanding shall have to hang outside the door IS presently to be reached? Better the sign, "Standing Room Only." On ~han all the gifts we give or receive J~n.uary first, resolve to bring your IS that sense of happiness and security mlsIonary department a step nearer that proceeds from the consciousness that ideal during 1928. The follow- that men all the world over are com- ing pointers are culled out of reports ing to a better understanding. Shall from some of our most successful mis-.

we not hope, as we enter into the sionary organizations: .

spirit of' a new Christmas day, that Gearing for Efficiency there shall come that reign Ol universal peace and good will of which Progress in any organized endeavor the heralding angels sang?-BrsHoP is marked by ever-increasing correIa, JAMES E. FREEMAN. tion of homogeneous parts, to con- serve power and eliminate lost m()tion. Proclaiming the Messa~~e through the 0 nIy t he most I.ncorrigible champions Local Church of "yesterday forever" still insist on Nowhere do we find more indis- making women '8 work in the local putable !widence that "the world do church an exception. Our ideal should 935

be the creation of a local Board of material to take back to their fields, Missions, with an elective or appoint- for use not only in their own families ive membership, this board to be the but among the native mothers. This general planning and promotional opens a realm of wonderful, world- body for all missionary endeavor in wide possibilities.

the congregation. By no other means "A third group, chiefly with a so- can we secure correlation of effort cial objective, was formed from among and unified, comprehensive planning, business and professional women thus ending the haphazard presenta- obliged to meet in the evenings. Still tion which has been called "the kan- a fourth group, which we like to think garoo method. " But our approach to of as auxiliary to the Women's So- this must be synthetic, building up ciety, consists of the King's Daughters bH by hit. The writer. has yet to of high school age–the chief timbers learn of one instance in which the from which we must build our future amalgamation of the Women's Home organizations.

and Foreign Missionary organizations "There was inevitably some over- and the Ladies' Aid Society failed to lapping, both of membership and in- accentuate the efficiency of all three– terest, with the same broad Kingdom after a reasonable period for convales· objective. 'l'actfully and carefully cense from "growing pains." The these groups were brought closer to- usual gearing provides for one presi- gether until finally they responded dent, with vice-presidents heading with a cordial affirmative to the ques- each subdivision of the work. Some tion, 'Would you like to be affiliated progressive churches have effected as a department of the Women's So- even a higher gear-and, mark you, ciety and make a report at its annual their number will increase. meeting l' Then it became almost a Mrs. Lathan A. Crandall, of the task for an efficiency expert to ar- Hyde Park Baptist Church, serving range the several group meetings to the University of Chicago, writes: avoid conflict of hours and to effect "Some years ago the young pastor's a mingling of the women from all wife became the leading spirit in or- the groups in programs, study and ganizing The Young Married Wom- business: but the growing spirit of en's Group, which afforded interest cooperation proved wonderful, and and work for the element not at- the work, though incomplete, is pro- tracted to the regular Women's So- gressing.

ciety. So successful was the venture "At present, the Women's Society that advancing years brought the has two meetings a month, at the first membership no inclination for pro- of which the women-mostly the motion. So, capitalizing her own ex- senior element-come together for a perience, the organizer in a master program at 2: 30, followed by after- stroke of diplomacy proposed that all noon tea. At the second, the Parent- who had been married ten years Education Group, meets at ten a. m., should voluntarily go into the senior and simultaneously another group society, not making age or motherhood (with time-honored 'Ladies' Aid'

or any of the usual talismans the functions) assembles for White Cross touchstone. or other benevolent sewing. At the "Later, certain mothers of adoles- ensuing luncheon these two groups cent children engaged a psychological are joined by the Young Married expert in child study to conduct a Women's Group, the president of the class, out of which grew a flourishing Women's Society conducting the Parent-Education Group that at- business before leaving the table, as tracted community women from all the relation of the entire gathering churches and no church at all. Re- to the financial budget entitles all cently-a new and thrilling feature– to a voice in the voting. After the wives of missionaries home on fur- luncheon, the Women's Society has lough have asked the expert for its mission study, and the Young Mar-

BEST METHODS

ried Women's Group its individual alone. This card contained the name program meeting. Improvements are of some woman not yet interested in in the air and we hope to be able to the work of the organization, who was report an even more efficient gearing to be wooed (but secretly) by every later. " possible legitimate means, through all Winning the Workers the remaining months. The wooer "Every able-bodied woman in the mailed unique and attractive invita- 'Church an active worker in the Wom- tions to all the meetings, sent Christ- en's Society" is the modern slogan, mas, Easter and, if possible, b~rthday and we may almost glimpse the day cards, signing one and all wlth the when it will be activated. A mission- curiosity-tickling non de plum.e, ary meeting, for instance, is not a 'Your Butterfly Friend.' Imagine thing set apart, a candidate for a the stress of keeping such a secret; modern miracle. It is subject to the and what a craning of necks and Sher- same laws of repulsion, attraction and lock-Holmesing there must have been neutrality as any other aggregation at the meetings. A Butterfly Lunch- of people. W ecannot rely to any eon at which all butterflies came out "'reat extent on "duty" to drive but of 'their cocoons, was the brilliant ;ather on "attraction" to pull. One roundup. It proved one of the most of the strongest lures is that of a successful rally functions ever held.

" job." The problem of attendance In charming invitations the Butterfly might be solved if we could command Friends lured their protegees to the the services of a vocational expert, to church parlors under promise of reye- assign each woman the task for ~hich lation of identity, and later sat beslde her tastes fitted her. To approxlmate them with said protegees as guests of this it is daeustiurmabnle(aatsuthpeer-fairtstt~amc~eievte- honor. The tables were beautifully ing 'of the decorated with flowers over which meeting heralded by personal mVIta- hovered butterflies of every descrip- tions) to pass out enlistment cards tion. Paper napkins bearing gay whereon each guest may check her butterflies were used. The toasts were preferences on a list of all possible all in terms of butterfly development activities, from passing the singing adenldighltiffe~l.anTdo tbe general effect was connect missionarf inbooks, arranging the room attractive- terest with attendance, the commIttee ly, preparing the light refreshme;nts plans presently to give each. wom;:n and serving as hostess, up to holdmg the name of a home or foreIgn mISan office serving on committees and sionary whose birthday falls on the taking a' part on a program. Active same date as her own, and to ask the brains sufficiently cudgeled can set the recipient to cultivate her missionary scenes for a much greater variety in every way possible. Thus what was than is usually afforded; and then at first a mere butterfly interest may with cards marked, the committee of develop into something perm.anen~ amateur experts may make their selec- and enduring 'Butterfly Fl'lends tions and adjustments, and follow up will become 'Birthday Friends.' " the enlistment vigorously b" assigning (Naturally this topic overlaps that of sucthe tasks and seeing to it that they cessful program building, wherein may presare attemped, Two mission circles ently be found more concrete plans for used very successfully "The Butter- solving the problem of church unemploy- fly Enlistment, " for recruiting. Here ment.) it is as described by Mrs. Lucy S. Sugar Coa.ting Mission Study Kyle, Redla'nds, California: '" At the first meeting of the mis- Meaty as our mission study books sion circle year-called 'The Migra- are, only high-class catering can make tion of the Butterflies'-each person them appetizinr>' to every member of was given a little card in a sealed en- the church family. But inasmuch as velope not to be opened until she was the best detached program is to the

study class as a "snack" to a square off in a missionary demonstration. One meal, the catering is well worth while. leader asked five successive questions, How is this for the triumph of a mis- the answer to one and all being' Bensionary chef, as described by Mrs. gal-Orissa,' all shouting the answer Stella M. Ogden of the First Baptist in unison until it took on the char- Church, Galesburg, Illinois T acter and enthusiasm of a college yell. At another table a young lady sang, " Our school of missions was a great 'In the Secret of His Presence'-a success, lasting six weeks with no hymn composed by a Hindu woman. diminution of interest. We began each evening session (which took the "After this the guests visited place of our mid-week prayer meet- elaborate booths which we had preings.) with a fifteen-cent supper, at pared in the Sunday-school class roms, each booth representing a misa quarter past six, and it would sur- sion field in India and their inspecprise you what wonderful meals can tion constituting a tour in miniature. be served at that price. Under a com- We had collected a great variety of petent permanent chairman, various pictures, curios and interesting bits group organizations or Sunday-school of visualized information, made colorclasses served suppers which proved ful posters, etc. ·Well-informed guides a marvel to everybody. There followed or demonstrators presided in the a fifteen-minute recreation period at booths. Thus a vast amount of otherwhich a ~imple group game, like wise 'dry' information was made in- 'buzz,' was played, and then the mis- spiring. I do not recall another sion study classes were held using series of missionary studies of as gen- 'The Christ of the Indian Road.' eral interest as the foregoing." Separate groups were formed for men, older and younger women and Successful PrograDl Building for young people in general, with a story-telling group for the younger Inspiration and information, mobilchildren. A different leader presented ized always by interest, must be the lesson chapter each week, and dis- balanced on effective programs. A cussion was free and animated. prayerful, consecrated spirit must be maintained throughout: but let no "Following this we were called to- one think the North Star will skid gether in the assembly room for a ten- from its course if the normal, wholeminute' pep period.' One meeting had some elements of humor, impersona- 'Peppy Pointers from Burma; an- tion and dramatization are in- troduced. Above all things, do not other, 'Some Pertinent Facts from the think a deeply spiritual leader must Missionary Quiz Book'; another was look like an undertaker or the chief a map lesson on the mission fields of mourner at her own funeral. No India, and at another, a returned mis- suspension of natural law is to be sionary and wife gave a Chinese fairy counted on inside a misionary meetstory, the missionary relating it in ing. People will be attracted only the native tongue and his wife trans- along the line of their natural interlating sentence by sentence. ests, and you may as well study and prepare to cater to these first :;s last. "We aimed to make our last night You are safe, however, in presupposa climax. The beautifully decorated ing a mixed appetite, even to the tables were designated for our several craving for a sprinkle of paprika or fields in India. The menu was, so far a dash of Lea and Perrins Sauce; but as possible, an Indian one-including first make sure that the food supplied rice, of course. Each guest upon ar- is worth the seasoning. Inasmuch as derival was furnished with pencil and sire for freshness and variety is nornaper and bidden to make a collection mal, keep the old-time traditionalists of forty facts from among those typed off the program committee. Make the and strewn over tables and church meetings short. Ordinarily a program parlors. Then the several supper tables were presided over by 'stunt leaders.' each responsible for leading

should be limited to an hour, exclusive "The letters may be collected at the of business (even that should be close and used again at subsequent "snappy"), and the participants meetings, possibly throughout the should be held to time though the year, guests drawing different letters heavens fall. "Talked to Death" is each time and thus getting the basal the unseen inscription on many a idea of universal service fixed."

mission circle monument. "The field A Unique Investment: "At any is the world"; but it is a mistake to convenient landmark of time-as the try to get it all into one capsule. Giv- first autumn meeting or the first one ing everybody something to do is a of the calendar year-give out num- sure appeal to natural interests. Here bered envelopes inscribed with the is an excellent suggesti()n from one following rules;- of our best known workers, Mrs. Helen Put me in a conspicuous plaee where you Barrett Montgomery; will SBe me every day.

"An Alphabetical Roll Call affords Get acquainted with me and what I am a pleasant variety in a missionary program. A scrambled alphabet is doing for the Kingdom. After knowing me for-months, come to the Woman 'B Missionary Meeting to be held passed around from which each per- on the lawn of Mrs. J– B- September oon draws a letter to be used as the 2d, and tell what you know abont me.

initial of some important qualification "Inside the envelope a daintily of a Chri&tian worker. If the size of decorated card bears the name and the audience justifies it, more than station of a missionary in present-day one alphahet may be given out and service, and the verse, called for as 'capital A and small a', etc. The leader should preface the roll When you Bee me day by day, call with forceful remarks on the im- Though my work lies far away, Learn about it all you may, portance of each member activating While for it and me you pray.

some quality of a successful worker, "The round-up meeting should be the variety rounding out the ideal attractively planned, with plenty of service that a church or a mission music interspersed among the timecircle should render. The letters are limited talks. Well-known hymns of then called for in rotation, their hold- which unannounced stanzas are ers rising and responding in some· started by a leader, serve excellently." thing like the following: -MAUDE A. BROOK, Fanny Doane A-Accept limitations. Home for Missionaries' Children, B-Be a Bible Christian. Granville, Ohio. C-Circle the globe by your prayers. The following program briefs sug- D-Don't pull down: build up. E-Eliminate non·essentials. gest plans for special occasions:- F-Follow Christ: fear nothing. Christmas: Carols, instrumental G-Give your best: get other folks' best. selections, stories and talks on the H-Have a well-made plan. observance of the season on home and I-Inhale power and exhale blessings. foreign fields; sketches of women and J-Joy and give thanks always. children in other lands not in the at- K-Kindly respond to letters, courtesies, requests. . mosphere of the blessed day; Christ- mas Hope-stories of schools and L-Let your love be genuine. hospitals built with offerings from M -Manage little: pray much. givers who have the Christmas spirit; N-Never give up. O-Obedience is the eye of the soul.

P-Pray your plans through. articles and stories from Christmas Q-Quality meallS more than quantity. numbers of missionary magazines; R-Respollsibility shared means development. plenty of holiday decorations, even S-Sincerity is the seal of power. to a tiny tree. If gifts have been as- T-Think things through before acting.

U-Uneeda vision. sembled for use among the needy, have V-Verify rumors before repeating. groups of w()men bring them forward W-Weights may be your wings_ -some in decorated baskets, some in Y"-X-cept your disabilities. huge tarlatan stockings carried, like Z-Zenith seers look upward.

the grapes ef Eschel, en a pole borne "ReDloving the Masculine Inferiority by two. wemen-each group display- CODlpIe","

ing its gift-effering with a merry, "Finally, brethren," let us return home-made jingle er song set to. to eur eriginal keynote, viz., lining a familiar air, as, up the whole church for missions. If "Christmas stockings, Christmas stockings, you can go no. farther at first, have an Filled with toys we bring"- open meeting with plenty of men en set to. the tune of the chorus ef the program, at least ence a quarter.

"Jingle Bells." But where possible, why net join Thanksgiving: After a hymn ef hands with churches whese Women's praise, ask each person to. give a Missienary Society is dropping its Bible verse of praise and thanksgiv- gender and becoming "common" ? ing or lead in a shert prayer ef grati- One such tells how the thank-offering tude (prime some beferehand fer meeting was ebserved as a Sunday definite themes). Then on blackbeard, merning service with address by the display causes for lecal, denemina- pastor and ensuing efferings; men tienal cr national gratitude, having cenducted the regular meetings frem members previously appeinted speak time .te time, ence having a free-forcne minute each, without anneunce- all discussion of Foreign Missiens by ment, en the themes. Close with men from a local club, these of indramatic sketeh 0.1." well-told stery. different interest having arguments assigned in favor of missiens and be- Summer Meetings: Fer a musical coming so enthusiastic that one porch meeting or picnic, have as The beught the l)ooks used fer reference. Air, a song; the Netes, secretary's re- another subscribed for THE MISSIONpert; the Staff', Scripture; the Key, ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD frem praYN'; the Treble Clef, brief steries which he had culled his points (note ef eut;,tanding missionary wemen; the the strategy) etc.; debates were in- Bass Clef, steries ef missionary men; dulged in on such questions as, "Rethe Scere, a missienary contest or game; the Signature, names of very well-knewn missionaries pinned en selved, that industrialism has ren- backs to. be guessed by wearers from dered Africa a mere impertant mission answers to questicns they propound; field than those in Asia," and general the Rest, refreshments or dinner. subject matter was handled which A fagot meeting er missionary bon- commanded the interest of men and fire: Have either one leng story sub- women. It is simply a question as to.

divided, or a series ef snappy short whether wemen are willing to. sacri- ones, the narrators being previded fice something in erder to. extend to.

with fagots, each threwing her stick the whele church the good things to en the fire and continuing her nar- which they have long deveted them- ratien while it is burning. selves. Is it not werth while?

KATHARINE SCHERER CRONK. Sketches from her life by her sister, Laura Scherer Copenhaver. A charming story of our friend Mrs. Cronk, especially beautiful as a Christmas gift. 48 pp. Illuminated vellum cever. Price 25c. Published by M. H. Lewis, Box 4, North Cambridge, Mass.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. McLAURIN, 419 FOURTH AVE., NEW YORK THE TREASURE CHEST dren for stories, it seems almost un- The possibilities of this intensely forgivable that the children of India should so long have been deprived of interesting age in which we live are their birthright in this regard. It must always be remembered that if so startling as to be fairly breath- good people do not produce good lit- erature for children, bad people will taking. Through all the countries of produce bad literature. Fortunately, the forces for good have been the first the East today the fresh wind of free- in the field in India. For the past five years the Committee on Christian Litdom is stirring, and the hearts of men erature has supported the magazine, The Treasure Chest, now published in and women are opening to strange English and three vernaculars. The Methodist Board has sent· out three new influences. All of this awaken- women missionaries as editors of the English edition and provided an ing life in Asia makes a compelling editor of one of the vernacular edi- tions, while the Congregational Board demand upon us. For underneath all has furnished editors for two other editions. the unrest among the peoples of the The first edition was in English. East is a yearning for a spiritual There were two reasons for this, be- cause there were two classes of chilforce more powerful than any they dren to be reached. First of all the Christian children. The standa;d of know, a {orce that will transform hu- literacy in the Christian community is the highest of all. 'For Moslems the man character and give it "power to proportion is 8% among men and half become." of 1% among women; for Hindus it To make Jesus and His transform- is 1570 among men and 1%% among women; but for Christians it is 32% ing power the possession of all the among men and 1870 among women. And the standard is rising among peoples of the world is the passion of Christians more rapidly than in any other class. It is necessary, then, to all of us who have experienced that cultivate in Christian children a love of reading, as well as to provide them power in our own lives. Many differ- with good reading. If there are few Christian books the children will read ~nt agencies must be used for carry- whatever they can find, bad as well as good. mg our message, and among them one of the greatest is the power of the printed page. Literature opens up a neglected line of approach to the Hindu and Moslem heart, and voices a new challenge to us. We are only beginning to glimpse the enormous possibilities for good that it holds.

In India the way for a great work has been prepared by the system of education. There are 21,000,000 liter- ates, (half of whom are children and young people), a ntdhiasbonuutm3b0e0~00e0vearrye being added to year. But against this apparent prog- ress we must set the fact that 39% of the children of India who learn to ;e~dand write eventually lapse into IllIteracy for lack of reading matter after their school years. Non-Christian Children Perhaps it is indicative of the in- difference to children's interests in The other class of children for I~dia that in the bookshops of the na- whom The Treasure Chest is intended hon the only books for children are are non-Christian children, and to readers' and school textbooks. When them the English eliition generally we remember the hUl1ger of all chil- makes ,a greater appeal than one in 941

their own language. For educated its young readers in such a way as to non-Christians throughout India Eng- produce character."

lish is the language of approach. Dr. Rabindranath Tagore, whose name MacNicol, of the National Christian from the beginning has been on our Council, says" It is especially in Eng- subsc.ription list, supplied to the pa- lish that the battle of ideas is being per an original poem called "Time."

and will be fought out in Indian re- The majority of schools in India, of ligion, " and he quotes the fact that every faith-Hindu, Moslem, Brahmore editions of the "Bhagavad- min, Samaj, Arya Samaj, Jain and Gita,'" the favorite religious book of Parsee-subscribe to the magazine, Hindus, are appearing in English and many of the members of the Im- perial Legislative Council at Delhi as than in the vernaculars. well as those of the Provincial Coun- Believing that everything good in cils take it for their families. India's heritage should be conserved and ennobled, and that Christian lit- A very interesting class of suberature should deepen the love that scribers is made up of the rulers of Indians feel for their own land, the Native States, a number of whose magazine has put its emphasis upon names appear on our SUbscription list. national literature and biography, One of the Maharanis of South India, and has shown its sympathy with the now acting as regent for the co-wife's son during his minority, who has been best of India's aspirations. It has en- making a very courageous fight deavored to present ideals of social against "untouchability" and against service saturated with the spirit of oppression of the low-caste people, is Christ, and to interpret the social, na- reported to be a most interested tional and international problems now reader of the magazine. The Queen confronting India from the Christian of Bhopal,' the only Moslem woman point of view. ruler in India, the first in India to abolish the drink evil in her State, The present struggle of old and and very progressive in educational new, the struggle of heart and brain matters, takes the magazine for her that the new ideas are producing, the three granddaughters, who are three restlessness and ferment of young In- as charming little princesses as can dia, call imperatively for Christian anywhere be found. The Maharajah literature of the right sort. Many in of another State was (lUe of the earliest subscribers to the magazine, whose spirits is deep disquietude and and the English tutor of his son wrote questioning are likely to be reached by the editor that the young Prince was the quiet message of the printed page. a constant reader of the magazine, and especially enjoyed the articles on The weakness of India's national life social service. When it is remembered openly deplored by so many of her that this boy will some day be the leaders makes it necessary to show that character is the basis of aU national greatness, and that in J eSUB Christ can be found, as in no one ruler of several million peopie, the else, the power to transform char- extent of the influence of this silent acter. messenger can be the more greatly The cordial reception given The appreciated.

Trea<Jure Chest by a number of non- The Boards of Examiners of three Christian magazines and newspapers, of the universities of South India, and their frequent use of articles most of whom are non-Christians, from its pages are evidence that it chose this year as one of the textbooks makes a wide appeal. One of the for the Matriculation Examination papers not long ago gave a very fa- "The Golden Company." This book, vorable review of the magazine, end- consisting of biographical sketches ing with the word, .. The Treasure from The Treasure Chest, has been Chest is bound to mould the minds of published by the Indian Branch of

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

the Oxford University Press, and to- a stamp on the outside requesting the day about 25,000 boys and girls in Post Office to deliver them to the several hundred high schools are Christian Church. Again quoting studying it. Mrs. MacGillivray, "We believe this will be done." In many places, grad- Christian literature in India is on uates of our mission schools are in the eve of a great opportunity, the charge of the post offices. greatness of which we have realized only in part. Wider ranges of view In December Mrs. MacGillivray are demanded in making the program wrote us that $5.00 would place the of the future, than were needed a Chinese Children's Bible-just off the decade ago. More thought and greater press-in twelve homes. An appeal liberality must be exercised towards to the Foreign Missions Conference literature. We cannot be sufficiently brought $50.00 for the purpose. On thankful that literature for children the day this money reached Shanghai, and young people in India is in Chris- in the midst of distress and confusion, tian hands. Only by a great output Mrs. MacGillivray addressed the 120 of energy can we keep this initial ad- Bibles and placed in each a little slip vantage, and also put Christian litera- saying that the Bible was a gift from ture far ahead of all possible compe- American friends to assure these tition from debasing sources. It is Chinese Christians of sympathy and for us to spend ourselves lavishly in friendliness in their time of trial. a program' of daring adventure. Later an order came from an in- RUTH E. RoBINSON, Editor. terior mission station for 100 or more India. copies of this book.

URGENT AND IMMEDIATE The Chinese Christians of the fu- ture may have to do without the per- These words represent the need in sonal help and inspiration of the mis- China. sionary and the spoken word, but a strong influence through the printed Many are thinking of China as page is still available, opening up a closed to our missionary approach, new path of development through and feel that we must wait for a fit- which we can be of service to the ting time to give her again the Chinese. greatest thing we know for her national and personal up-building, Are there a hundred women who namely, the Christian truths. will be glad to give five dollars each and put the Bible in twelve homes Y Today the printed page is carrying the message into many areas, from The LORD is good unto . …. . which missionaries have been with- the soul that seeketh him. Lam. drawn, and where the Chinese Church 3:25. is in need of a generous supply of the right kind of books and magazines. He who rushes into the pres- ence of God and hurriedly whis- The appeal comes from Mrs. Mac- pers a few petitions and rushes Gillivray, the editor of Happy Child- out again never, perhaps, sees hood, a magazine read in almost every God there at all. He can no province of China, by young and old, more get a vision than a disrich and poor, for us not to let this quieted lake can mirror the avenue of approach be given up. stars. We must stay long enough to become calm, for it is In this time of special need the only the peaceful soul in which magazine is being sent out, though in eternal things are reflected as in many cases no money may be received a placid water.-Arthur T. for' it. In the words of Mrs. Mac- Pi(Jll'son. Gillivray, "It is going, money or no money. We must venture and adventure in these days. Will you back us up T" The magazines are sent with

Answers to Missionary History Test (Questions on page 911.) 1. John Kenneth Mackenzie, the" Beloved Physician of Tientsin."

2. Alexander M. Mackay of Uganda. 3. Two Princeton students: Robert P. Wilder, son of Royal Gould Wilder, missionary to India and founder of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD; and John Newton Forman, son of Charles N. Forman and grandson of John Newton, both distinguished pioneer missionaries to India. 4. Sheldon Jackson, Presbyterian missionary to Alaska. 5. J. Hudson Taylor, a medical and evangelistic missionary. 6. The Livingstonia Mission of Central Africa developed by Dr. Robert Laws and now under the United Free Church of Scotland. 7. Francis G. Penzotti, a native of Northern Italy. 8. The mission of the Church Missionary Society to Uganda. The first missionaries arrived on June 30, 1877. 9. The station of the Presbyterian Board of National Missions at Point Barrow, Alaska. 10. Kamil Abdul Messiah, who was led to Christ by Dr. H. H. Jessup, Beirut, Syria. 11. Pandita Ramabai, founder of the Christian home for child widows, at Bombay, India, and later removed to Kedgaon (about 100 miles from Bombay). 12. Miss Annie Royle Taylor, author of "Pioneering in Tibet." 13. Dr. and Mrs. Robert Whittaker McAll. 14. A famous English Baptist missionary and explorer in the Congo country in Africa. The Peace. 15. A famous British missionary doctor who ministers to the fisher folk of Newfoundland and the Labrador. The Strathcona. 16. Doctor John G. Kerr, an American Presbyterian missionary. 17. Doctor John G. Paton, Scotch Presbyterian missionary to the New Hebrides. 18. Joseph Hardy Neesima who was educated by the Hon. Alpheus Hardy and became President of Dozhisha University. 19. Mrs. Isabella Bird Bishop, author of books of travel on Persia, China, Japan and Korea. 20. An insur,rection in which a nephew of the king was badly wounded. He was so skillfully treated by Dr. Horace N. Allen that the superiority of western medical science was at once apparent.

Missionary Thoughts for the New Year A bold resolve to grapple with the whole of its task would signify a rebirth of the Church.

In recognizing and courageously accepting the whole of its task the church will discover anew the true meaning and riches of its own faith.

It cannot be expected that the faith of missionaries should soar far beyond the general level of the Church of which they are the representatives.

Only a church that has a passionate belief in its own principles and is thoroughly in earnest about their application, can hope to, evangelize the world.

: .. :"

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 EAST 22ND ST., NEW YORK ORIENTALS AND HAWAIIANS may be less adventitious and oppor- tunist and represent a scientifically By GEORGE W. HINMAN based and efficiently coordinated pro- One of the most important forward gram to cover the country. At pres- steps taken in years in the Christian ent there are areas of competitive program in Hawaii has been accom- work, areas of complete neglect and plished in uniting the Filipino work areas of unsupervised and misdirected of the Hawaiian Board of Missions effort. There are indications that and that of the Methodist Mission. volunteer workers who are carrying This if! not a mere federation of ac- on the large amount of mission work tivities but an actual uniting to carry for Chinese east of the Rockies would out a definite piece of work. Advance welcome suggestions about methods and development are reported even in and needs such as might come out .of work for Hawaiians, which many in- a true community study of segregated cline to regard as a closed chapter in Oriental groups in many Eastern missionary history. There bas been cities. Such a great volume of con- an encouraging start in church work seerated effort as is being put into in a new home colony of Hawaiians Chinese mission schools in the East on the sparsely-settled island of Molo- deserves the wisest guidanee and di- kai. For the first time last year a reetion by our boards even if they systematic effort was made to secure do not put a cent of appropriation in- contributions for missions fro m to such enterprises.

churches of Hawaiians and Orientals The work among Chinese in Can- in the Islands through the Every ada has been greatly strengthened by Member Canvass plan. the work of a general superintendent, The Hawaiian Board made a eom- born of missionary parents in Canton munity survey of typical interracial and speaking the language of the communities in its territory. One of special group of Chinese who have their secretaries says: "We are' be- come to America. The United Church coming aware of the increasing race- of Canada has transferred its Chinese consciousness of various people with missions in the home land from the whom we work and it will doubtless be Foreign Board to its Home Mission of great importance for us all to study Board, and has placed Rev. Wm. H.

the situation and analyze it without Noyes, of Toronto, in charge. Mr.

prejudice and with the highest type Noyes and Rev. Charles H. Shepherd, of scientific method of which we are of San Francisco, have done much to capable." Professor Romanzo Adams change the whole character of Chinese of the University of Hawaii has pub- mission work in the United States and lisbed very valuable studies of races Canada because they are able to give in Hawaii, which will help to supply time to development .of many scat- the basis for a better-planned Chris- tered and more or less independent tian program of service with Orientals Chinese misSions, and are also able to and Hawaiians. talk to the Chinese in their own Serious consideration should be dialect. .

given to the need for scientific surveys Nothing would mean more for of Oriental communities in mainland Chinese missioIiworkin the United United States as the Hawaiian Board States than the securing of a IlQ,U~ is attempting in the territory of sciousness of unity among Chinese Hawaii, so that Oriental mission work mission workers and Chinese Chris- 5 946

tians all over the United States. The limitations of economic oppor- Chinese tongs and other societies have tunity force Chinese in America into their national organizations and parasitic occupations, like running realize their strength. But there is disreputable hotels, mostly used as very little group consciousness among places to meet prostitutes, or chop Chinese Christians in America, even suey houses, which very often serve denominationally, with the result that the same purpose. It has been dis- the large number of units of Chinese covered that our religious work among mission work are pitifully conscious Chinese has had so little social power of their separate weakness. that a church deacon could run one of It is worth noting that city church the most notorious hotels and chop federations in places where there is suey restaurants in a large Chinese a considerable Chinese population are community. Why is it true that beginning to consider the problem of Chinese students are coming to their Chinese group as a whole, not America Christian and returning merely as denominational units (when without any faith ~ Partly because denominational missions have been es- many of them have to find employ- tablished), and are asking for counsel ment in places frequented by prosti- in meeting the whole situation. Sac- tutes who solicit them and take their ramento Church Federation, Chicago earnings. Ninety per cent of the Chi- Church Federation and Washington nese who come to one Chinese pastor Church Federation have given serious for medical help are diseased as a re- attention to Chinese work, either in sult of such' relations. It is hard to uniting existing missions or in supply realize that we have gone on for fifty of unmet needs, and have asked for years conducting missions for Chinese suggestion and advice. in America, without remedying the There has been very little study of intolerable social conditions of Chicommunity conditions among Orien- nese communities.

tals in the United States, though this Reports have come from Oakland ought to be a preliminary to any un- and San Francisco that determined derstanding of relations. efforts have been made to keep Chi- There are many reasons why special nese students out of higher public attention should be given now to schools, which, we are glad to say, Chinese in the United States: they principals and boards of education are all Cantonese and the Cantonese have steadily and strongly resisted. A are the dominant factor just at this contractor and builder in· the same moment in the struggle for a national section, to blackmail people from government in China; there is a re- whom he wanted financial help, put crudescence of prejudice against the up big sign boards advertising that Chinese; there is an increasing rec- fine residences in an exclusive district ognition of the social unsoundness of were being sold to Chinese.

Chinese community life in the United ll!foney made by Cbinese is being States, which our religious programs spent in their own communities in- have not considered or affected. Re- stead of being sent to China. Fine cently American·born Chinese made a new buildings are erected with Chi- strong appeal for relief from condi- nese funds. There are many more tions of the immigration law which social organizations.. One list gives make it impossible for them to seek one hundred and sixty-five community wives in China. If Chinese communi- organizations in San Francisco China- ties in America were normally con- town having their own headquarters, stituted, half male and half female, besides churches, llOspitals, public this would not be necessary. But in schools, theatres and newspaper of- New York and Chicago there is only fices, Large sums are paid to Chinese one Chinese woman of marriageable a('tors in theatres of the San Fran- age to fifteen or eighteen men. cisco Chinese community. The Ohi-

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

nese in the United States are not poor press than do those who remain in and unable to support their own com- Japan. munity institutions. They have not been asked to do so in any effective It is evident that the migratory way by mission boards. seasonal Japanese laborer, living in rude shacks, is still largely unreached Mexicali is a remarkable example of by missionary agencies.. The effect of Interdenominational cooperation. The anti·Japanese legislation is to increa.<;e work was begun by Congregation- this class or else force Japanese into alists, developed by Presbyterians. and cities where often they must go into es.tablished by Methodists, with a parasitic occupations. in order to s.upthor{)ughly cordial spirit in all trans- port themseles. The employment fers of responsibility. The question problem is becoming serious since of union work in the San Francisco they have been shut out of farming Chinese community has been brought except as day laborers. to the attention of readers of the RE- VIEW. During the past year there has An exceedingly important work of been steady progress in development mission boards for Orientals is the of a union spirit among young people provision of homes for Chinese and in spite of some hindrances. The Japanese women and girls and for United Christian Missionary Society Chinese ooys, the latter a new depardecided to confine its Oriental mission ture by the Baptist board. The Methwork to Japanese and to sell its build- odists have important institutions in ing in San Francisco, which for more Honolulu, Seattle, San Francisco and than a year had been generously Los Angeles; the Presbyterians in granted to the use of the Chinese San Francisco and Oakland; the Bapy{)ung people's group for their lan- tists in Berkeley. In some cases the guage school and boys' and girls' club service of these institutions is changwork. It was. necessary to move the ing. work to new rented rooms, but the union work has gone on increasing in The Filipino work in Honolulu has interest and effectiveness, and now been mentioned. There is also an infour ooards are cooperating and have teresting work among three thousand appointed a specially trained Chinese Filipinos in New York City, as well principal of the school work. The en- as among those in California. If we thusiasm of the group for this coop- are to win and serve these large numerative enterprise is its biggest asset. bers of Filipinos in the United States, Among older Chinese there is still a it is pr{)per for administrators of misdivisive spirit. They are influenced sion boards to give sympathetic confurther by the fear that any union sideration to their aspirations for movement means cutting down appr{)- independence and to their passionate priation from boards. devotion to the memory of Rizal.

A prominent Japanese pastor, Rev. The second edition of the Oriental S. Abe, of Seattle, has given his im- Missions Directory" is an attempt pressions of some chief difficulties in to bring together names and adthe way of work for Japanese in dresses, without further statistical America. He mentions first, denomi- data, of all Christian institutions for national separation; second, the sup- Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, F'ilipinos posed identification of Christianity and Hindus in United States, Canada, with Americanism; third, the his- Cuba and Mexico. It has been pub- lished by the Councils and distributed toric prejudice against Christianity through mission ooards. brought from Japan; and fourth, the 'Obtain from Council of Women for Home fact that Japanese in America have less enlightenment and stimulus to Missions. 105 E. 22nd St., New Y<>rk City; 10 modern ideas through the public ~:~~~·t b~nD~~IH~~l:~~ o:n~o~':,".1~ ~~~~~ln~:sJ:~~ ary Information will be sent free for postage to anyone in the United States or Canada upon request.

World Day of Prayer, P'ebruary 24. 1928

fROM MANY

AFRIOA plored, much less civilized. Thousands Not Easy in the Nile Valley of square miles of territory have not been mapped and concerning the in- THE fourteenth annual report of habitants almost nothing is known. the Nile Valley Colportage Com- Needless to say the Gospel has never mittee quoted in Blessed Be Egypt, been preched in this great area. Many says of the qualifications of colpor- of the people are nominally Mohamteurs: "This work is, not easy. There medans. It is believed tliat this is one is not only a vast amount of illiteracy, of the largest if not the largest area so that very few of the hundreds can of like population in the world today read, and consequently have no use that is without a. single gospel witfor literature of any kind. There is ness. " also religious opposition on the part of most of the minorities that can Scriptures in Nigeria read. Of these, there is frequently as much opposition from the Coptic REV. J'OHN 'HALL, of the Sudan Christians as there is from the Mohammedans. A colporteur has, there- . Interior Mission, writes of the fore, to be not only a keen trader arrival at Kaltungo, Nigeria, of the among other traders, but he has also Gospel of Matthew printed in Tanto have much grace and spiritual in- gale: "This is the fifth book of Scripsight, as well as great patience, tact ture to be put into print in the speech and perseverance, to get his books of the tribe, which had to be caught looked at, at all. He has to have the from their lips, reduced to writing pleasant word that turns away wrath and made the vehicle of the message. and fanaticism, and to know very in- How does a reader, of the average timately the man n e r s and the type known here, act when a new book thoughts of the people, their sore like this comes his way 1 For one points and their weak ones, and how thing, he would sell nearly all he has best to induce them to buy." to have the wherewithall to buy it. He does buy it, not exactly at cost- covering price, yet with something AbYl8inian Frontiers more than a whole day's wage. His hands are out for it more quickly DR. TOM LAMBIE, formerly a mis- than you can take it out of its pack- sionary of the United Presbyte- age. Then all smiles, he fondles it rian' Church, and physician to the as a miser his gold. Presently, too, Regent of Abyssinia, and now field to protect and preserve the precious director for the new Abyssinian Fron- little volume, he begs from you a piece tiers Mission, writes of his new field: of stiff paper and, perhaps, a bit of ot"On the southern and eastern borders thread, with which he makes a per- Abyssinia and in Somaliland manent cover, Then, eagerly and (:French, British and Italian) and in faithfully, he seeks every possible op- northern Kenya, the southeastern Su- portunity to sit before you in a pew dan, there is one great continuous area or at desk and learn the golden teach- of country that has hardly been ex- ings of this book of God."

948 Stalwart Liberian Ohri.tians in the villages, and only by slow p1'oe- eRses of education can the necessary REV. WALTER B. WILLIAMS, of change of mind be brought about. Al- the Methodist Episcopal Church ready much is being done in this di- Mission in the Kru Coast District of rection by patients discharged cured Liberia, says that in the town of Sobo- from the leper colonies and settlebo there is "a splendid band of mature ments. They return to their own Christians, many of whom have suf- people with a wonderful message of fered great persecution in the past for hope, and the tendency to hide the their loyalty to Jesus Christ. They disease is being gradually overcome. have built up a fine Christian settlement where there is no drinking, no Whole Families at School smoking, no dancing nor Sabbath breaking. They will not allow anyone THE Congo Evangelical Training to pass through this town carrying a Institute at Kimpese was founded .load on his head on the Lord's Day. in 1908, when English and American These men at times have become liter- Baptist missionaries united for the ally saviours for their heathen breth- purpose of training teachers and evanren. When the flames of violence. are gelists from the areas covered by their at their height in a neighboring town, Congo-speaking work. From the comsome heathen woman is sure to run to mencement emphasis has been laid on the mission. town and beg these 'God the fact that the Institute received for men' to come quick and save the town training such as are actually engaged from slashing knives and flaming in and pledged to the work of educatorches. Our Christian men are big, tional evangelism, and this practical burly fellows, and quite without fear. aim has guided the entire work of the They grip hold of the contestants and institution. Wives as well as husrun them back to their houses; snatch bands are enrolled as students; that torches, knives, cutlasses from 'their in its turn brings many children to hands. The heathen chiefs curse and the mission station, and thus the struggle and fight, but to no avail. whole family becomes the unit in These Christian Krus of Sobobo save planning the training to be given. the heathen town again and again For the current year there are thirtyfrom bloodshed and destruction. five families in training at Kimpese, They force peace and quietness upon who live a natural community life the people, but without injuring any- Hharing a common weal and seeking a common good. The whole station asone. " sembles for public worship every morning. Leprosy Widesl>read in Africa. Rev. W. D. Reynolds writes: THE Secretary of the British Em- pire Leprosy Relief Association, All men students are required to under- Mr. Frank Oldrieve, has recently com- take manual work which comprises the fellpleted a tour of over 15,000 miles. in ing of trees and sawing the same into and around Africa, visiting leper set- planks, building in brick and stone, simple tlements. He reports that leprosy carpentry for house building and all houseexists practically all over the conti- hold purposes, and, to keep thell) in touch nent, and estimates that in British with common work, every student takes his East and Central African territories turu at digging, dearing, road work and there are at the present time some all the general upkeep of the station. 60,000 lepers. Mr. Oldrieve reports that the old idea of hopelessness still Missions in South African Ohurch dominates the native mind in innumerable instances, with the conse- FOR the first hundred and fifty quence that many victims of the years of its existence the Dutch disease fail to come up for treatment Reformed Church did very little misuntil too late. This is particularly so sionarv work. Like the Church in India "it was under the control of a company that had its first duty to the

white men in its employment. For Bible. Nor is the Bible lesson conthe last hundred years the church has fined to the schools, but the missionbeen missionary, and the sum of £80,- aries and Bible women visit in the 000 a year is raised locally in South homes, not in Tyre only, but in the Africa for the work of evangelizing neighboring villages as well. As a the inhabitants of South Africa. It rule, these visits are eagerly welcomed even extends its operation into the and sometimes the children have pre- Western Sudan. It has a definite pared the way. "I spent an hour in a policy, trains men and women mis- sailor '8 home at Tyre," writes the sionaries and educates native workers senior missionary. "It was evening, as pastors, teachers and evangelists. and the lamp was brought in. The The native churches cannot do much little daughter of seven, who has to contribute in their present condi- learned to read with us, read aloud tion of poverty to self-support. The clearly and accurately the tenth chaprecord of the Church during recent ter of St. John, and when I asked her years in dealing with the racial prob- who the Good Shepherd was, she lem proves that Dutch Christians are promptly answered: 'Christ.' ,And anxious that justice should be done to the natives. who are the sheep?' ' We,' she replied, pointing to herself. It is a Moslem THE NEAR. EAST home, but Christ is becoming known and loved there. The hymn book was Urges Work for MosleDlfl brought out, and we sang together. The little daughter was the first mes- T HIS statement by a pastor in Syria senger to that home." shows that some Christians in the Near East are obeying the command A Reading Rooln in Constantinople of Christ, "Love your enemies." He says: "The Gospel and the loving AMONG the newer types of service tidings of Jesus Christ must be being initiated by American mispreached to all nations. This is just sionaries in Turkey is that of providthe time to begin gospel preaching ing interesting and worth-while readamong the Moslems. The activity of ing matter through the mission press, missionaries is indispensable. Steel is the bookstore, and a reading room in warmed in the fire and is ready to be Constantinople. The Turkish manbe made into tools.. We should go ager of this last is, according to the near to them with a pure, Christlike Missiona;ry Herald, an interesting l:fe. The general attitude of the man, nominally a Moslem, who has a Christian churches in the Near East spirit of service and cooperation, and should be the attitude of Christ, that who prepares the ground for friendly of forgiveness, sympathy, love, prayer intercourse on the part of Americans and brotherhood. Every Christian with the people who frequent the readchurch that is conscious of her calling ing room. He writes: cannot stand aloof from this task but will be ready to cooperate and work This year we have succeeded in getting with prayer. I would like to have many new friends, who come daily to read some Turkish Bibles and pamphlets the various books and papers we are putting for distribution among Moslems." at their disposal. So the worth of the place is felt by the people on all sides. Not only A Mosleln Child'. Influence schoolboys but men of the IIrst rank in the city-judges, professors, doctors, engineers, THE British Syrian Mission has etc., come and read the books and papers, been at work since 1869 among the talk with us, and in terms of respect tell us Moslems and Greek Catholics in the how they regard this service with delight ancient city of Tyre. In the school, and pleasure. Our friends who come most which is largely in the hands of Chris- frequently are the students in the boys' tian Syrians trained in Beirut, first school. The reading room now is provided place is given to the teaching of the with eight Turkish daily newspapers, to· gether with some French dailies published in Oonstantinople, twenty-live Turkish weekly and monthly periodicals, and a·few English publications.

NEWS FROM MANY, LANDS

A Bethesda Scelle In Arabia quickly they notice the mighty dif- PAUL HARRISON, M.D., of the ference between the power of the liv- Arabian Mission of the Reformed ing God in Christianity and Islam!" Church in America, described in the November REVIEW one of his recent INDIA AND SIAM trips. How his work impresses a fel- Women Student. Win HonoN I low medical missionary is thus told by SABELLA THOBURN COLLEGE, Dr. Sarah L. Hosmon: in Lucknow, India, is not only one We were privileged to have Dr. Harrison of the Union Women's Christian Colspend a month at Muscat, though most of leges in the Orient, but is also the his time was really given to Mattra, where women's department of Lucknow he had a large house, empty as to furnishings except one little room in which he University. A member of the faculty operated, and that contained only a table writes: "We have won several aca- and a chair or two. On the shelves were demic honors this year, of which we a few drugs and some supplies. In a hall are quite proud. For the second time adjoining he had a "primus" stove, an oven we won the university gold medal for for sterilizing, some basins and instruments. the best essay presented in the final These were all, but I never saw such a sight in my life I The whole building was filled English examination, about one hunwith men and women everywhere lying on dred men and our ten or fifteen floors and verandahs, some were even outside at the front of the house. It reminded me women competing. One of last year's of the porches of Bethesda in Christ's time, class is studying for the M.A. in only there was no pool near by. The dif- English and she received the scholarference in the two crowds was that at Bethesda IIlI were anxious fearing there ship offered in the English depart- ment of the university to the student would be no one to put them in the pool, but the crowd at Mattra had received relief making the best marks in the first and showed contentment in spite of the faet term examination. We had never they had nO beds nor any of the comforts done anything in the way of public that are really necessary. Drs. Harrison and Dame are wonders in the way they can competition with men's colleges, but accomplish so much with nothing. this year we accepted an invitation to send two representatives to an inter- Life in a Kurdistan Hospital university debate organized by the I N SOUJBULAK, Kurdistan, where Moslem University in Aligarh. The the Evangelical J~utheran Orient question is not decided by judges here Mission Society has a hospital, Dr. as at home, but the judges indicate Herman Schalk is having some un- who makes the best speech-first, usual opportunities to compare Chris- second and third places. The univertianity and Islam. He writes of the sity had offered gold medals to the (',allousness of Mohammedan men to winners of first and second places and one silver trophy which goes annually the sufferings of their women folk, to the college gaining the highest agand their unwillingness to pay even a gregate marks. One of our girls won nominal fee charged for a necessary the first place, the other won second operation, and comments: "Of what and their aggregate marks won the value is a wife T If she dies, which trophy." seems right to the man, then he can obtain a young healthy wife ror 15 tomans. Oh, the sad lot or Moham- Shut Out from Hindu Temples O medan wives!" The hospital has NE of the movements which, in the opinion of Dnyanodaya,· is treated suceessruUy a number of opium addicts, and or them Dr. threatening the Hinduism of Western Schalk writes: "The happy men tell India, is the widespread angry pro- far and wide that they have been test of the Mahars and other so-called healed. This attracts others. How outcast classes against the preten- the poor invalids open up and tell me sions of a Hindu nationalism that can of their bondage! And when our exclude fifty-five millions of India's testimony' presents the Gospel, how 'untouchables' from the temples of

religion. Even Vithoba '8 temples are among the people. It was a joy to coming in for their share of this grow- find many women who could read. ing wrath of the common people. For The Punjabi women, especially, were although Vithoba is one of the most very friendly and many were the democratic of Hindu idols in that opportunities for conversation. I he receives all castes, high caste and was very happy to find many, many low caste alike, one has yet to learn men and women who knew the name of the first outcaste being admitted of Christ. There was some oppointo even Vithoba's temples. In a sition, mostly from the Aryas (a reletter addressed by Gandhi to Mr. S. formed sect of Hindus) but even D. Nakarni at Karwar, where an here there was room for encourageagitation has been going on for the ment. They feared the effect of past three months in favor of securing people reading the Bible. Sometimes admission for the depressed classes they would say to the women, 'Do you into Vithoba's temple at Karwar, he want to become Christians? If you says: "God will reenter our tem- don't, you should not read that book.' ples only when we have opened not Daily there was preaching at our merely our temples but our hearts to headquarters, which were splendidly these fellow-countrymen and fellow- located to get the people. The religionists. " preaching was all done by Indians, and good messages were given." General Bo';th's Leper Colony A Christian Temple in Slam A CABLEGRAM from London to SI.AMESE Christians have great re- n- the New York Times stated that a spect for their place of worship. So reports Rev. J. L. Hartzell, of Salvation Army leper settlement, Prae, Siam, who writes.: "The words nanced with American gifts to Gen- 'This Temple was built in 1927,' eral Booth, will be established on the are written on a board and nailed on a banks of the Ganges near Benares. small wooden building in a country The suggestion that the army should village in Prae Province, North Siam. establish leper colonies in India was Since returning from furlough in made to General Booth by King May, I have been hearing about the George. Writing from India the Gen- Christian community in this district. eral says: "The King, whom I saw The chapel is a rough wooden buildbefore I set out on my tour of India in ing without walls that would hold 1922, said: 'Can't you do something about thirty people. It is what would for the lepers of India such as you be called a shack in the United States, have been doing in the Dutch East but these Christian people have dig- Indies T' I am now beginning on thl' nified it with the name of Temple. banks of the Ganges. The expense of And it is so to them because they the initiation of the settlement will meet there to worship the Lord Jesus come from a portion of my seventieth and they have built it themselves birthday fund raised by my friends in without any outside aid whatever. To the United States. The greater part the missionary this humble building of the land necessary has been given looks better than many of the fine by the Maharajah of Benares. " churches built in Siam out of Ameri- can money." Arya. Fear Elrect of Bible Bible Read in Ceylon A RELIGIOUS festivale or meZa, at Hardwar in the Punjab which oc- O WING to the widespread knowlcurs only once in twelve years gave edge of English in Ceylon Miss Clara Lloyd, Presbyterian mis- workers of the Ceylon and India sionary at Saharanpur and her Indian General Mission have been able to dishelpers unusual opportunities for tribute thousands of English tracts, evangelistic work. She says: "We sold books and did personal work

1927J NE'W:S FROM MANY LANDS

Scripture text-cards and gospels, and first consideration centered on the minimum supply their native workers with wage and the principles for determining much helpful Christian literature wages, on hours of work and rest, child which is not availabie in the vernac- labor and women '8 labor. The rights of the ular. They also conduct an English worker were streaaed as it was clear that the day school and a night schooL The conference stood for these. But it realized latter is regularly attended by seven- that a sudden jump to ideal {londitions, teen Buddhist young men, who are such as an eight·hour day, would dislocate now reading the Gospel by St. John. industry and make more evils than it cured. In addition to this, various services The findings therefore claim the rights of are regularly held in English. Of one the worker while advising a gradual progress part of their work Mr. Ker writes: towards their full expression in industrial "One colporteur came to a village law and custom. where the headman angrily forbade him to sell. The colporteur, however, Chinese Home Mia,oionary Work was tactful enough to engage the headman in conversation about the GospeL DR. C. Y. CHENG, General Secre- So interested did the latter become tary of the National Christian that he finally bought several gos,pels Council of China, writes as follows of for himself and promised to read the loyalty and steadfastness of purthem. On it later day when the col- pose of the Chines.e Christians: " You porteur went that way again, the will be happy to know that, at a time headman himself went with him and when missionaries have evacuated helped him to sell the gospels." from their posts and much of the work of the Church has come to a CHINA AND TIBET standstill, the Chinese Home Mission- ary Society is planning to send out a A Christian EC(Jnomic Oonference new band of missionaries to Yunnan province. The seeretary of the So- FIFTY men and women, almost all ciety, Rev. C. K. Li, is going to ac- of them Chinese, and all actively company four or five new missionconnected with varied aspects of Chi- aries in starting for Yunnan this fall nese indnstrial problems, spent ten of after visiting such centers as Foochow:, the last days of August in conference Amoy, Swatow, Canton and Hongin Shanghai considering the general kong, visiting the churches and meettopic of how to Christianize economic ing church leaders in these centers in relations in their country. The the hope of rousing a greater measure conference was. preceded by investiga- of zeal for this missionarv outreach. tions of industrial and rural condi- We hope to have two medical workers, tions and their relationship to two teachers and one evangelistic principles recognized as Christian. worker among those who go to the Coming as it did at a time when China field. It is very gratifying to know is seething with economic ideas both that these people have decided to serve good and bad, and when international Christ and their fellow-men in that experiments in adjustment of econom- distant place, well-knowing that p<llitic conditions are being tried out, the ical upheaval and open banditry are conference had more than ordinary awaiting their coming. It is very insignificance. One of the most helpful spiring to read the letters these people visitors at the conference was Ka- wrote to us offering their services for gawa, the noted Christian leader of the evangelization of the Southwest." social and economic reforms in Japan. In rep<lrting some of the considera- Ohlnese Debt to Mission Schools tions and results of the conference Dr. Henry T. Hodgkin, secretary of the REV. E. N. FORSTER, of the Prot- National Christian Council writes: estant Episcopal Mission in Yang- chow, Kiangsu Province, writes of Three main divisions were followed, in· the government regulations regarddustry, agriculture, social thinking. Iu the ing religious instruction and services as "a deliberate thrust at the Chris-

tian schools." He continues: "They preached for three nights in Osaka to have no applicability to schools con- audiences which averaged three thou- ducted by Buddhists, Mohammedans, sand. Most of the Imperial household or Taoists, which do not exist so far is now Christian. There are 180 as I know. A great many of the Chi- Christians in the social service depart- nese who have studied abroad have ment of the Tokyo imperial govern- directly or indirectly benefited by mis- ment. The newspapers have become sion school education, so that they are as friendly to Christianity as to Bud- not pure products of their own civil- dhism. I am optimistic over the fu- ization, culture, and training, as many ture of true Christianity in Japan."

people in Europe and America who are fascinated by their brilliant intel- Won by Newspaper Evangelism lects and suave manners are fond of REV. HARVEY W. BROKAW, believing. Many of these young men D.D. and his wife have been misand women, though they claim that sionaries in Japan since 1896. Mrs. Christianity has no power in the West, Brokaw writes of two callers at their nevertheless know in their hearts that home in Kyoto one recent Sunday the thing which has given Christian afternoon-" a young man and womschools in China their preeminence is an, both school teachers but from diftheir Christian character: the integ- ferent places, both thirty to forty rity of those who have administered them, and the integrity of character miles out in the mountainous country districts of this prefecture. There is which they tend to develop in the stu- no church near either one of them. dents. There is a large group of sub- They had become Christians through stantial Chinese, merchants, gentry, newspaper and correspondence evanetc., who have no hesitation about ad- gelism. This is what Dr. Brokaw calls mitting this, and are anxious to send his specialty. But I think his real their sons and daughters to Christian specialty is getting land and church schools in preference to government buildings and manses, and pushing schools because the latter in many churches up to self-support. He says cases produce slipshod education, that is the most fundamental thing a morals, and character in the students missionary can do. Through this who attend them." newspaper evangelism, with its course JAPAN-KOREA of study leading up to baptism, these two fine young people had become Kagawa on Christianity in Japan Christ.ians and wished to be bap- AN INTERVIEW with Rev. Toyo- tized. " hiko Kagawa, Japan's foremost social reformer, has been reported in Building· a Japanese C.hurch T the Christian Century. When asked HE efforts that Japanese Chris- tians are making to build churches the Question, "What progress is Christianity making in Japan?" he made in their communities. are praised by the following reply: "Not a great Rev. Charles W. Iglehart, Metho- number of people are entering thc dist missionary in Hirosaki, who churches, but never before has the says: "There is a little town called spirit of Jesus been so widespread and Tanabu with .iust a handful of mem- powerful as it is now. The successive bers, who decided a year ago to have a misfortunes which have befallen church, and who came to me with the Japan have made her introspective request that I find a yen for every and humble. Weare dissatisfied with one they could raise. I never thought the philosophy of materialism and are they would get enough to build a turning to more spiritual bases of liv- church, but when they got through, ing. The writings of Emerson, Tho- more than two hundred non-Chris- reau, Tolstoi, Whitman and Dumas tians wert) signed up for the new are being widely read. I recently Methodist church! I dedicated the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

trim, pretty little building, when they Our leper congregation is a really good going Christian concern. Two read the financial report I learned Sabbaths ago I had the happy privithat they had actually raised double lege of admitting by baptism fortytheir quota-two yen for everyone four lepers to the membership after they had asked me for-and said about a year's probation as catechunothing about it to me. At that serv- mens. and a searching examination ice men from most of the best homes in essential points of Christian docin town were there to show their trine. Some of our discharged lepers, moral support of the Christian move- finding it impossible to get any other ment. I looked into their faces, won- place to live in, set up a village of dering which might prove to be an- their own about half a mile from the other Nicodemus, or Joseph of home, and one of the first things they Arimathea. "

did was to set about building a 'New Power for Korean Leaders church."

REV. W. SCOTT of the United ISLANDS OF THE SEA Church of Canada writes; "Un- Pioneering in Papua. til a few years ago all mission funds were administered by the missionary THOUGH the achievements in in charge without any reference to twenty-five years of Australian the autonomous Korean presbyteries. Methodist missionaries among the Then followed a period when the mis- people of the New Britain archipelago sionary sought the advice of the pres" were referred to in the October REbytery and its committees. Last year VIEW, Rev. J. H. Margetts of the same we took the further step of transfer- mission writes of "half-wild nomads ring all evangelistic funds direct to coming in from their mountain fastthe presbytery, to be administered by nesses. " A layman who is in charge that body, the missionary sitting in of the work on another island writes: the presbytery-as he does-.:.-on the " A number of new teachers from Mal- same basis as his fellow Korean pres- akuna and Raluana Circuits enabled byters. This year we have decided to 11S to open up the Kaiamo section with invite the presbyteries to cooperate three teachers, two of whom we with us in a general board which shall placed inland. As this section was deal with all matters relating to evan- practically unknown by the white man gelistic and educational work carried or any outside natives, we had to exon directly with mission funds. The plore 'for these inland villages. having duties of this general board will finally only vague details to go on. We have be decided in conference with the been pleased to discover twenty-five presbytery representatives, but we villages, one of over 300 population feel that it should prepare estimates and several of about 100 each….. for presentation to the home board. Many heathenish customs have been and "decide upon the distribution of discovered among these people, some all funds granted by the latter for of the worst known on the Gazelle general work purposes. The board Peninsula fifty years ago still existing will be composed of an equal number in the inland villages of Nakanai toof Koreans and missionaries." day."

Christian Zeal of Lepera Filipinos Great Bible Readers T HOUGH the leper home in Fusan, BEFORE ·the American flag flew Korea, has cared for five hundred over the Pilippine Islands, the lepers during the past year, the super- only way to get a Bible in, as one intendent, J. N. Mackenzie, an Aus- writer points out, was to smuggle it. tralian, reports; " We have never had The latest figures, however, compiled to turn away so many pitiful and by the PhiliPllines Branch of the helpless cases in any previous year … American Bible Society show that

there are more than 2,000,000 Bibles as one of the greatest steps made in in use throughout the archipelago. recent years toward unity between The Bible holds a 'unique place in the the two groups. The conference life of the Filipino people. Millions was part of the bi-centennial celebraof Filipinos seldom read any other tion of the founding of Log College, book and many of them believe the the original Presbyterian educational Bible is the only real book in the institution in the United States. Its universe. The annual distribution purpose was not the discussion of of the Bible in the Islands is greater church unity, but the singleness of than the' combined circulation of all purpose and cordiality of feeling newspapers, exceeding 125,000 copies which prevailed led the churchmen to annually. No other hook has attained remark that an excellent basis had a circulation in excess of 1,000 a year. been provided upon which to press More than one third ()f these Bibles for complete union. The meeting was are in English, the others being in the first of its kind held since the various native dialects. Most of them separation at the time of the Civil have been printed in Manila since the War. earthquake in Japan destroyed the plates, and the work constitutes the Missionary Furlough Cottages first publishing done in the Islands. SOME years ago a Pennsylvania NORTH AMERICA medical missionary society es- tablished some cottages at Ventnor, Aim. of Men's Church League N. J., near Atlantic City, for the US;) of missionaries, on furlough. The A CAMPAIGN to pledge 1,000,000 work was first undertaken thirty- laymen who are members of Prot- seven. years ago as an aid to medical estant churches of all faiths in the missionary students. In 1909 a cot- United States and Canada, each of tage was, bought for the use of mediwhom will promise to try to win to cal misRionaries returned on furlough the Christian life at least one other with no home in view. Other cottages layman every year "until the whole have since been added until now there world is evangelized," was launched are five. The missionaries are allowed in New York City September 15th by to use these for a month at a time in the Men's Church League at a session the summer free of rent or during the called to reorganize that body. The school period each winter. The chairoriginal organization was formed in man of the cottage work is Mrs. John 1924. A budget of $20,000 was W. Patten, 26 Pine Street, Philaadopted, of which $5,000 to $6,000 had delphia, Pa. The charge for upkeep already been pledged. Frank H. llilb- is twelve dollars a month per cottage. son, a New York business man, whose Their expenses are paid from volunhome is in Elizabeth, N. J., was elected tary contributions. Each of these cot- President. He is an elder in the West- tages is fully equipped and they are minster Presbyterian Church, Eliza- greatly enj()yed by the occupants. beth, where he has for a long time been practicing the "win-one-a-year" doc- Y. M. C. A. Foreign Work trine. Dr. J. Campbell White, Vice President of the Biblical Seminary, T HE wide interests of the Young was elected General Secretary. If he Men '8 Christian Associations of accepts he will resign the latter office. the United States were presented to the members of the National Council, Step Toward Presbyterian Unity at the fourth annual meeting held in Chicago October 24th to 28th. The A CONFERENCE, between educa- Foreign Division reported briefly: Continuance of work in China has . tional leaders of the Northern been difficult because of radical and and Southern branches of the Pres- anti-Christian attacks, while the Asbyterian Church held in Philadelphia on October 5th, was hailed by officials

sociation exists nationally as a prin- that though the authorized strength cipal stabilizing force; the.rapanese of the corps is 149, only eighty-four Association is heroically meeting earth- chaplains are at present in the service. quake rehabilitation and economic Only a few of the men come to church crisis problems; the Philippine Asso- on board ship because they desire to ciation has expanded beyond Manila to worship. Others come out of personal the provinces; a national Association loyalty to the chaplain or to hear a movement is coming in Egypt; in good sermon. 'L'he chaplain therefore, India the Association is increasingly limited as he is by the resources of commanding young men'8 confidence shipboard, must be an exceptionally religiously; the leaders of the move- good preacher or an exceptionally ment in South America are over- good friend, or both, in order to win whelmed with demands for extension the initial interest of men to the into new countries, while in Europe Gospel. Last year, statistics show, the Y. M; C. A. is spreading good 5610 divine services, were held by will. chaplains in the Navy, and 35,660 men at some time received communion; Radio Missionary in Alaska there were 22,000 attendants at Sun- day school, and 24,000 at Bible classes; THE farthest north broadcasting yet the total number of men from the station in America is at Anchor- Navy joining any church during the age, Alaska, and the generosity of a year was only 189. It is suggested group of people in the community has that in this year, when evangelism and made possible the broadcasting every evangelistic campaigns are being Sunday of the evening service at the urged by several denominations, Presbyterian Church. The pastor American Christians may well pray writes: "We consider our broadcast- for the Navy chaplains and the men ing program our main missionary to whom they minister. movement, the most effective thing within our power in this our great Negro Young People Teaching new day of development in 'the last frontier'-Alaska. Word has come BETWEEN four and five thousand from many places in Alaska, and far pupils of Negro Presbyterian beyond, that all of the programs schools in the South served voluntabroadcast by the station are heard rily last summer in teaching and orperfectly and are very much enjoyed. ganizing Sunday schools. Growth both I have met a number of people from in number and in quality of Sundaydifferent places in the territory who schools has been one of the most enhave remarked, 'We listen to your couraging developments in the colored church service every Sunday night, work of the Presbyterian Church durand we usually have our house full ing the past few years. "In North of friends listening with us.' They re- Carolina, " writes Rev. Frank C. port from many distant places, in- Shirley, Sunday-school missionary, cluding Hl1dsons Bay Company sta- "the next few years will show an untions along the Arctic coast ani! em- precedented growth of our schools in ployees in government and territorial Sunday-school e:ffi:ciency. The ~chool educational centers where no regular of methods conducted each summer religious services are provided." has given the people of the local churches a vision of the possibilities Ihriritual Need in the Navy of the local church parish. Calls are coming even now for the setting up of SPECIAL prayer has been asked by the' Presbyterian program for young a Home Mission Board secretary people,' and advice is being sought by for the men of the U. S. Navy and for those planning to build on how best the chaplains in the service. Recent to house the Sunday-school. Other communications from the captain of churches are asking for children's the chaplain corps of the Navy show

divisioM that will have the,ir own support of the church are actually worship services and a special place to themselves in need. This situation meet. This year has broken all pre- arises from the fact that Cuba is a vious records in daily vacation Bible country of one crop, sugar, and today schools. 'Five years ago we had to go the price is below the cost of produc- into the schools and virtually beg a tion. In Cuba at present it takes chance to do this or that; today they three pounds of sugar to buy one are begging us to come." pound of potatoes. Notwithstanding this discouraging economic situation, To Evangelize Navajo Indians the churches in Cuba are more and THE new program of evangelization more showing a truly evangelistic of the Navajoes which "finds its center in the Presbyterian Mission, spirit and are striving, so far as they Ganado, Arizona, contemplates the establishment of five new outstations. are able, to keep their work develop- In the district surrounding these ing. Fkequent services of prayer stations are one hundred trading among his people during the past stores to which the Indians go for summer have, Mr. Fuentes reports, supplies. It is the plan to bring the resulted in excellent church attendgospel message to the constituency of ance, despite the frequent rains which each of these stores once a year and usually detract from summer attendthus it is hoped in five years to evan- ance; and the Sunday-school which gelize the whole tribe of 30,000 Nava- during the best season of the year is rarely two hundred, reached that record for several successive Sundays.

joes. " Scores of Indian young people," says Rev. F. G. Mitchell, who Colombia's So-Called Prophet M directs this work, "come back from ISS MARGARET DOOLITTL,E, Presbyterian missionary at Carthe different non-reservation schools with eighth grade and high school tagena, Colombia, tells of a recent training to be re-submerged in heath- visit to a little village which had enism. The atmosphere into which sprung up only the year before, bethey return should be modified by the cause of an unknown man who mysestablishment of these community cen- teriously appeared and who was ters where they may keep in touch called "The Prophet." He bathed with the civilizing influences out of in a little stream in this remote rewhich they have come. They need a gion, and the people styled the water place to bathe and launder their miraculous, and believed that all who clothes have their hair cut and see a came to bathe in its waters would be magazine occasionally, use the sewing cured of their infirmities. Because of machine and other facilities which the superstiti{)ns of the people, its cannot be given them in their homes. " fame increased until, from a radius For this Navajo work the Presbyte- of many miles, came men and women rian Board of National Missions is suffering from all the ills of mankind. planning to devote $50,000 of the fund Houses were built rapidly, and the to be raised this year by the Presby- little village thus formed was called terian Church in honor of the 125th Santa Ines. A roof of grass covers anniversary of National Missions. the Roman Catholic altar, and there is a charge of twenty cents for every LATIN AMERICA candle lit and for" Our Father" said Faithful Oaban Christlans before the altar. " We parked our T HE -economic situation of the car near the stream, and in view of people of Cuba is, very pressing the altar, and there we had our right now, says the Rev. J. A. Fuentes, service, " writes Miss Doolittle.

pastor of the Presbyterian Church at "Many of these people are hungering Cabaiguan, Cuba. People who were for the bread of life; and oh, how formerly good contributors to the they enjoyed the simple preaching!

NEWiS FR.OM MANY LANDS

As one man listened, the tears ran off his debt. The administrator was greatly down his face, but his eyes shone as he surprised at such an unheard-of thing, and heard the good news." of course was delighted. Then Roman told him the thing which had made him return, Cuban Peddlers Gives Gospels of how .JeSUB Christ had come into his heart and had made him want to do the right P ELLON, formerly a soldier, but til ing. Upon being asked for permission to now a peddler of tinware in the hold services on the plantation, the adminis· city of Santa Clara, Cuba, is witness- b'ator readily granted it. ing for Christ in a unique way. It is the custom in Cuba for the mer- Peruvian Bible Students chant to give some trivial article to each customer who makes a purchase. ABIBLE Convention, held for four This is called the contra. Pelion has days in Lima, Peru, is thus deconsecrated this old custom to a mis- scribed by John R,itchie: "Several sionary purpose. When the woman native and foreign preachers and laywho has just bought a pan demands men took part in the varied program. her contra he gravely hands her a The 7 A. M. prayer meeting was held small gospel. If she protests that daily. The morning session was deshe has no use for that, he will voted to a series of Bible studies. earnestly say: "But you do not know Senor Aldama gave a course on 'Bible the value of it! This is the most Teaching Perverted by Romanism,' precious thing in the world." Down the writer, a course on 'The Gift of upon her doorstep he will sit, to show God: Eternal Life.' The afternoon her the exceeding great value of his sessions were given to methods of contra. So is the Gospel preached Christian work and problems of from house to house as PelIon sells Christian life, such as 'The Christian his wares to the housewives of Santa Conception of Woman and her place Clara. When Pelion was asked to in the Home, the Church, and Sopose for a picture with his little cart ciety' (a matter on which both sexes and donkey, he would not be content need education in our native con~re· unless he might have his hands filled gations), and 'Our Relations with with his tracts and gospels, for, said and Attitude towards the Anticlerical he, "This is my real business." Forces in the Country.' The evening meetings were mainly evangelistic. A GuateDlalan Onesimus On the next to the last evening eleven persons were baptized on confession ROMAN MACU, a new Guatemalan of faith in Christ. The closing Res- worker, is called "a modern sion was a call to personal effective Onesimus" by W. C. Townsend of consecration. " Panajachel, who thus tells his story: One of Venezuela's ProbleDls When he was converted he was a runaway , 'peon. ' , He owed money on two planta- A MISSIONARY in Venezuela reo tions and had run away from each. When ports the following conversation Christ came into his heart he couldn't with his Spanish teacher, who is also stand the thought of being a fugitive from a pastor: "He asked me, 'How do justice for fraud. He returned to the last you address a woman in your Sundayplantation from which he had escaped, and school classes in the States who is an gave himself up. When the debt had been unmarried mother ~ Is she milled paid he told his boss he was going to quit. "Miss" or "Mrs."?' When I told The man told him he was too valuable a him that we probably never have to workman to be spared. He even offered face such a problem, he could scarcely him a better job, but Roman refused it, understand it. At the Session meetsaying he would have to go and pay ing the· other evening three of the off another debt. Leaving his wife, he candidates for membership were journeyed to the other plantation. When young mothers of this type who, behe presented himself the administrator did cause of hearing the Gospel, have left not remember him, it had been so long the men with whom they were living. since he had run away. Roman told him that he was sorry for what he had done and said that he had come back to work

For a woman to set out by herself to give practical assistance to students in earn ,a living for her children is not need in any part of the world, irrean easy task in this country. But it spective of race, color, creed or nationcan be done if the Holy Spirit is pres- ality. Through its initiative a great ent in the heart. " many self-help activities have been promoted, such as clubs, hotels, refec- GENERAL tories and employment bureaus. Its annual conference held this year in World'. Week of Prayer Switzerland, brought together 150 students representing thirty-three na- T HE first seven days of 1928 will tionalities. be observed in more than fifty countries as a week of prayer. Since COMING EVENTS 1846 the World's Evangelical Alliance has sent out each year from its ON DECEMBER 2ND, in New York City, headquarters in London a call to the Trustees of the Near East Colleges wil'l united prayer by followers of Christ give a dinner at which President Augell, in every land. This year the Federal Dean Gildersleeve of Barnard, and Rev. Council of the Churches of Christ in Harry EmerB<ln Fosdick, D.D., will be among America has joined in the call, stat- the speakers. ing, "The supreme need of the hour is for a personal experience in the ON DECI!1MBER 4TH, Universal Bible Sunthings of, God. ' , The daily topics day will be observed as the 118th anniversuggested are: Monday, Thanksgiv- sary of the founding of the New York Bible ing and Humiliation; Tuesday, The Sunday. Universal Church; Wednesday, Nations and Governments; Thursday, ON DEcEMBER. 4TH Golden Rule Sunday Missions; Friday, Families, Schools will be observed by "frngal dinners" and and Universities; Saturday, Home contributions in the interest of the Near Missions and the Jews. For sermons and addresses on the opening Sunday, East Relief. .January ] st, the following texts are DEOEMBER 11TH-12TH the Lord's Day Alliproposed: ance of the United States will celebrate its "Incline your ear, and come uuto me: thirty-ninth anniversary. hear, and your soul shall Jive" (Isaiah 55. 3). "Let not your heart be troubled: ye DECEMBER 14~'H-18TH the Interdenomibelieve in God, believe also in Me" (John national Council on Spanish-Speaking Work 14: 1). "Ye are My friends, if ye do whatsoever I command you" (John 15: will meet in San Antonio Texas. 14). ".Ve preach not ourselves, but Christ ON DEOEMBER 27TH-28TH there will be Jesus the Lord" (2 Cor. 4: 5). held in Detroit, Michigan, a National Con· International Student Service ference of Theological Stndents. The theme will be "Fellowship Among the Churches." THOSE who remember the early It is promoted by the National Council of days of the World's Student Chris- the Y. M. C. A. tian Federation which was founded in 1895 with the motto, "Ut Omnes DECEMBER 28TH-JANUARY 2ND the Student Unum Sint," may not realize that the Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions executive committee of the Federation will hold its tenth quadrennial convention in now has an American president; Irish and Indian vice-presidents; a Dutch Detroit. treasurer; Swiss, French, New Zea~ JANUARY 1 TO 7, 1928 will be observed a. land and American Secretaries; and Chinese,. South African, French, New the Universal Week of Prayer. Programs Zealand and American committee may be secured from the Federal Council of members. An important instrument of Chnrches, 281 Fourth Ave" New York. the Federation is the International Student Service, which is a sort of JANUARY 6-10, 1928 the Federation of "work-fellowship," a body ready to Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions will meet in Atlantic City, N. J.

JANUARY 10-13, 1928 the Foreign Missions Conference will hold its annual meeting in Atlantic City, N. J_ JANUARY 15-19, ]928 the Third Conference on the Cause and enre of War will be held in Washington, D. C.

JANUARY 20-22, 1928 a conference on "Comity and Cooperation" wit! be held in Cleveland, Ohio, under the auspices of the Home Missions Council, the Council of Women for Home Missions and the Federal Council of Churches"

JANUARY 28-30, 1928 will be observed ..

"Child Labor Day" for the twenty.first time. Posters and leaflets may be secnred from the National Child Labor Committee, 215 Fourth Ave., New York.

MISSIONARY

Any books mentioned in these Ilolumns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price- THE REVIEW. • Fifty Golden Years. The First Half Cen- viewpoint, and recognize the necessity tury of the Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society. 1877-1927. Bertha for corresponding changes in methods Grimmell Judd. lUus. 281 pp. 60 cents, paper; $1.00, cloth. New York. 1927. of work, yet fail to react to the same . ~his. record (Jf a half century is a situation from a missionary stand- VIVId pIcture of the labors and achieve- point. Some clear, up-to-date informents of hundreds of women. The story is. told topically and by fields- mation concerning these changing evangelism among Negroes, Indians immigrants, and in Cuba, Porto Rico: conditions with indicated changes or BanadptCiset ntMrailssAiomnaerryicaT; raeidnuicnagtioSn~h(tJhoel in Chicago in which many of the work- adaptions of policies, seems badly ers were prepared; Christian centers needed. This is provided in Miss neighborhood and community houses; Burton's missionary study book for 192.1-1928. The author is well able to present the new opportunities, ,new problems, new duties that must be met in the loving sympathetic spirit of the Master. M. A. L.

Christian Americanization; and the Nigeria, the Land, the People and Chris- tian Progress. J. Lowry Maxwell. 156 organization and history of each of the pp. 38 6& London.

organizations which have shared in This in the World Dominion Survey Series is a survey of an the financial support. important section of Africa. It's attractive type, and with proper The author has attempted to men- headings for all sections, help to make it a satisfactory handbook on Nigeria tion hundreds of missionaries and -The Land, the People, the Customs, the History, the Commerce and the scores of institutions of various gkoinudns~ Religion. Part II presents five short so that no faithful work shall chapters on the origin and problems of Protestant missions; the societies recorded. The effect is almost that of at work; a summary of the Christian forces; the occupation of British a catalogue, but so well has the con- Cameroons; and the facts about Bible translation and circulation. densation been done and so many are There are three folding maps, a the concrete illustrations and inci- dozen pages of statistical tables, and dents" that not only do the general a Calendar of Important Missionary Events. To carry the Gospel throughachievements of the Society stand out out the vast territory of Northern and Southern Nigeria, there are 525 misbut the reader is led to see how many sionaries, with nearly 5000 native workers, and there are 102,000 comdevoted, courageous lives have con- tributed to the whole and how the best results have been in thousands of transformed lives rather than in piles of brick and mortar or in bare statis- tics. K. S. L.

New l'aths for Old Purposes. Margaret E. Burton. 204 pp. $1.00. New York. ]927.

. "Protestant missions are experiencmg the most pronounced transition they have yet undergone." It seems municants. Protestant mission work strange that so many minds appreciate was begun in 1842 and there are now the marked and rapid changes among fourteen missionary agencies there.

the people of other lands from a com- We give thanks as we read: "The mercial, political or international rapid and striking progress in this 6 961

field constitutes one of the great tion, austerities and enlightenment; triumphs in the progress of Christ's the first preaching, spread of the doc- Kingdom. The fact that this great trine and legends of his twenty years'

work has arrested the advance of wandering; the rival .schools of Deva- Mohammedanism among the pagan datta and Ajatasattu; the last days; tribes is of great encouragement." and the establishment of the Order.

(Page 77) "The events of the past The chapters that follow are even twenty five years point to the con- more important as an account of origclusion that the hunger after God is inal Buddhism: Buddhism as a religincreasing. Its paganism is utterly ion, and as a philosophy.; Buddha and satisfying and its Mohammedanism myth; Buddha and history; Budis equally so. Although the primitive dhism and Christianity. In the ap- Moslem community in less advanced pendices, Dr. Thomas has done an districts, is more open to Christian unusually good piece of work in his propaganda than the pagan. God is annotations to the Buddhist Scripin our day calling the lands of West tures of the 'rheravad (Pali) canon, Africa to come and find in Christ the -235 in number-and in the refer- Bread of Life. It would be surpris- ence to works of other schools. But ing indeed if the experience of the even more helpful for non-Pali next few years does not surpass all students is the Bibliography of dis~ our hopes. and justify our wildest cussions and translations in several ventures of faith." European languages.

Two large provinces, and four While the main facts of Buddhist small ones, in Northern Nigeria, with history and doctrine are widely a total population of 2,750,800, are known, many of the items found in still unoccupied by Christian mis- Dr. Thomas's chapters upon "Budsionaries.-F. L. dha and Myth," "Budda and His- The Life of Buddha as Legend and History. tory," and" Buddhism and Christian- By Edward J. Thomas, M.A., D.Litt. ity" are out of the usual order and mus., map, XXIV, 297 pp. New York: deserve a careful reading, particularly Alfred A. Knopft'. 1927. the last chapter. In that he takes up While brief volumes on Buddhism, sixteen of the leading parallels be- written in a popular style by scholars, tween Buddhist legends and the fill a very important place, it is re- Gospel stories, and makes a fairly freshing to see such a work as this clear case against those who argue for which is one of "The History of the incorporation of these legends in Civilization" series. The tendency in the Gospels. This is partly due to recent years has been to depend upon the fact that Seydel's fifty "cogent Pali sources, neglecting Sanskrit, parallels" are reduced by van den Tibetan and Chinese translations. Dr. Bergh to nine, while Dr. Hopkins dis- Thomas pursues. the better plan of cusses only five of these, and Garbe combining with those canons the San- assumes direct borrowing only in the skrit works and to a less extent the case of Simeon, the Temptation, Peter translations of Tibet and China, thus walking on the sea, and the miracle proving that he i~ worthy of Mrs. of the loaves and the fishes, and Rhys David's dictum-" at last fit to Charpentier reduces the entire list to pull down the super-structure and Simeon as the only unobjectionable seek for the man." He has certainly example. Yet the reader, after com- found the man, in large part at least, paring the parallel with the Gospel and here we see his portrait in the story of Simeon in the temple, will original colors. probably agree with our author that The scope of the volume is hinted there are two considerations that at in such chapters as these: Buddha's might lead to a firmer ground, "first- ancestrY, home and family; birth, in- ly, whether there is enough reason to fancy and youth; the Great Renuncia- think that Buddhist legends can have

THB MISSIONARY-LIBRARY

reached Palestine in the first century Holy Spirit as her leader." P. 49.

A. D……,. (and second) the Gos- The book is interesting even to the pels all belong to the first century reader who does not agree with all .A. D. . ….. Even in this case the the author's views. H. A. A.

question whether Indian legends The Credentials of the Cross. N orthcote Deck. 133 pp. 3s. Glasgow. 1927. contributed to the resulting structure is a question of literary history that has never been convincingly decided, These deeply devotional messages and in many cases never seriously from the director of the South Sea considered. " He makes it clear that Evangelical Mission in Solomon we are not justified in holding to any Islands, show the place pf the Cross borrowing by Jesus. The volume in God's plan of the ages. They magnifies Buddhist character, benef- quicken one's faith and inspire one's icent deeds and helpful teachings. servic,e, and give a clearer vision of the meaning of the Cross of Christ H. P. B. and Calvary as revealed in the Bible.

Seven Sunday Night Talks. J. C. Massee. c. B. N. 124 pp. 25 cents, paper; 75 cents, cloth.

Chicago. 1926. The Christ We Know. Arno Clemens Op.e cannot get away from the three Gaebelein. 126 pp. Paper, 25 cents; major appeals of these seven sermons, cloth, 75 cents. Chicago. 1927.

namely, (1) the necessity of Christ as This is an effective answer to "The Man Nobody Knows." The twentythe only Saviour from sin; (2) the nine short articles originally appeared in Our Hope and are as spiritually danger of postponing open and public refreshing as a cool breeze wafted over desert places. The author of the decision for Christ; (3) the inade- volume "The Man Nobody Knows" may find much profit through a study ouacy of any philosophy or religion of ., The Christ We Know." People that discounts or ignores God as the cannot come to know Him by reading only Mr. Bruce Barton's popular source of soul life and soul satisfac- tion. This threefold appeal is stated in forceful language and is supportf~d by scriptural statements and striking experiences. J. MCD.

Pearls, Points and Parables. F. E. Marsh. book. c. B. N.

8 vo. 297 pp. 68. Glasgow. 19'26. The Magic Formula, and other Stories. L. P. Jacks. 367 pp. $2.50. New York. Over two thousand Scripture texts are illustrated or expounded in these 1927.

notes for preachers and Bible teach- Dr. Jacks, editor of The Hibbert ers. They cover some two hundred Journal and head of Manchester Coland fifty subjects and the viewpoint lege at Oxford, is one of the foreis thoroughly evangelical. Excellent most thinkers of today. This volume suggestions are given for Bible read- of twelve stories, selected for .Ameriings, comparing Scripture with Scrip- can readers, are those that he thought ture, and illustrating truths with "most likely, or least unlikely, to poems and anecdotes. have a human interest irrespective of The Letters to the Seven Churches. Jno. time and place." Gibson Inkster. 83 pp. 75 cents. New The opening story which gives title York. 1926. to the book, and which relates a The author's viewpoint is premil- charming discovery of the boy "Wil- lenarian, yet he is fair-minded. He liam X. Plosive," will perhaps appeal sees the Church today impotent be- to as large an audience as any of cause she has lost her first love. This them, and is as tender and elusive as greatest tragedy constitutes the theme Barrie or Hawthorne. The darker side of the book. One finds such striking of Hawthorne is suggested by some of statements as ' ,The Protestant the others. In none of them is the Church . . . never enthroned the love element developed unless in the whimsical Professors Mare and the VIew. For pastors and leaders in equally whimsical" Bracketed First. " schools of missions, this work should prove of especial value.' The general The English rustic, the canny Scot, reader will find in it a new panorama the mystic dreamer of Damascus, and of the world. While the book does others, all come in for their respective not attempt to startle, it does stimshares of the author's sympathy ulate. The task is put in fresh terms, and insight. Theology, metaphysics, and holds the attention by the strong primitive piety, the irony of fate and presentation of the issues and the circumstance, alike pay tribute to his real grasp on facts. discriminating pen.-w. G. H. The chapters are An Adventure in Missionary M.arionette Plays. Martha Rice. Fellowship; The Basis of the Ad- 8vo. 65 pp. Ill. $1.00. Boston. 1927. venture; The Enlarging Horizons of the Adventure; The Adventure in These four playlets, to be given by America; A World Adventure; An Adventurous Task for Our Generachildren, although intended for mar- tion. A carefully selected reading list is appended.-J. F. R. ionette production, could be adapted What Christ Means to Me. Wilfred T. so that parts may' be taken by the Grenfell. 82 pp. $1.25. Boston. 1927.

children themselves. The marionette Dr. Grenfell of Labrador is worthy of the honor conferred upon him as method, however, because of its nov- Companion of St. Michael and St. elty, would probably appeal to the George, for he is a slayer of dragons that menace human lives. Humanichildren .and would make a consider- tarian considerations alone would never be sufficient as a motive for able amount of memorization unneces- such labors. Dr. Grenfell shows that it is the love of Christ that constrains sary. Careful directions are given him. This little book awakens new hope, new faith, new courage, new for the making of scenery, costumes, purpose to live in daily practical fellowship with the Divine Son of puppets, and the necessary mechanism Man who went about accomplishing good.-w. G. IT. as well as illustrations of the stage with characters and scenery. Points Beyond Price-f,or Sunday-school Teachers, Busy Christian Workers, Bible The scenes are laid in India, China, Students, etc. John Gray. 194 pp. 28. Glasgow. 1927. the Philippines, and in Japan, and all are about children. A prayerful, thoull'ht-out compila- tion of illustrative helps and sugges- A friendly interest in the people of tions for Christian workers, whatever their sphere of service, made up of other lands, with a genuine desire to "brief records of servants of God, Bible class and home study subjects, be of service, is what leaders and eye-gate lessons for young people, original ideas for preachers, subjects teachers desire to see in the children for Sunday poetry and tales worth telling. " This attractive, handy-size with whom they work. M. A. L. volume is full of suggestive material for anv Christian worker. The bio- A Guide to the Study of the English Bible. graphi~ sketches of present-day serv- Spence and Cannon. 187 pp. $1.25. ants of God are especially worthy of Nashville, Tenn. 1927. note.

It is hard to become enthused over C. D. N. a syllabus. It is like getting excited about some bare bones. These outlines are an attempt to cover the entire Bible, and are as well done as could be expected in such an endeavor. The value of .such a book depends upon the personality of those who use it, or teach it. The maps are a real help.

– J . F. R.

The Adventure of the Church. Samuel McCrea Cavert. 25'6 pp. 60 cents, paper; $1.00, cloth. New York. 1927.

It would be easy to grow enthusiastie about this pungent little volume -an exeellent epitome of the general program of the Church, from an interesting and up-to-date point of

BOOKS 965 – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Are Missions a Failure. Charles A. Seldon. DRUMSiathe 270 pp. $2.50. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1927.

Barak: The Diary of a Donkey. F. H. DARKNESS Easton. 90 pp. Hulbert Publishing Co. Ltd. London. 1927.

The Christian Approaoh to the Jew. Being By a Report of Conferences on the SUbject held at Budapest and Warsaw in April, REV. JOHNT.TUCKER, D.D. 1927. 203 pp. Ediuburgh House Press. London. 1927. T HE romance of the Dark Con- tinent graphically thrown upon Changing Foreign Missions. Cleland Boyd a back-ground of reality. McAfee. 288 pp. $2.00. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1927.

The Church in the Changing City. Case A book which never allows the reader's interest to £lag. It supplies studies illustrating adaptation. H. Paul him plenteously with material on Douglass, 453 pp. $4.00. George H. Doran C(). New York. 1927.

Eradication of Leprosy from the World. native lore and custom, and stands K B. Steiner. 175 pp. $2.00. Orissa as a monument to the transforming Mission Press. Cuttack. 1927. work ofChristian missions in Africa.

Wilfred Grenfell-The Master Mariner. Illustrated. $1.75 Illustrated. A life of adventure on sea and iee. Basil Mathews. 178 pp. $1.50. Available early ill January: George H. Doran, Co. New York. 1924. LIBERIA OLD AND NEW. James L. Sibley. $1.50 The God of Gold. Arthur E. Southon. 183 • • • • .i THE GOLDEN STOOL. Edwin W. Smith. $1.50 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Co. New At :your religious bookstore York. 1927. 1.,!.1:11'~' ~!.:.) $11 • The Human Body-Its Source, History and l! Destiny as Told by Its Maker. F. C. Jennings. 206 pp. $1.50. Publishing Let Your GIFT Office "Our Hope." New York. 1927. to Foreign Missions In Storied Palestine. Along the Fascinat. ing Highways of the Holy Land. Rev. PAY YOU John R. Turnbull. 101 pp. Christian Alliance Publishing Co. New York. 1927. a Life Income Lessons from Moses lIible. Illustrations Do you know that you can contribute to the with over 200 engravings and blackboard support of Foreign Missions without sacrificing sketches. Alexander MacKeith. 80 pp. money needed for yourself or others? 28. 6d. Pickering and Inglis. London. 1927. DOl you know that gifts ranging 'from $100 to $65,000 and totaling more than one mil1ion two Overcoming Handicaps. Archer Wallace. hundred and fifty thousand dollars are now held 140 pp. $1.00. George H. Doran C(). by the Board as a reservf31 fund guaranteeing ana New York. 1927. nuity payments?

Pegs for Preachers. Subjects in outline for During the forty years in which the Annuity preachers, workers, students, teachers, etc. Gift Plan haf:: been in operation annufty paya Charles Inglis. 149 pp. 28. Pickering ments have always been made promptly. It guara and Inglis. London. antees the absolute safety of principal. rel1eves you of the uncertainty and worry of investment The Sacred Scriptnres. Concordant version. and provides a definite income of 383 pp. $1.00. Concordant Publishing Concern. Los Angeles. 1927. 4Y..% to 9% per year Stewardship Stories. Guy L. Morrill. 91 for the rest of your life pp. 50c. George H. Doran Co. New York. 1927. Protect YQurselfagainst loss from unwise invest- ments and at the same time send the gospel Truth and Tradition in Chinese Bnddhism. A study of Chinese Mahayana Buddhism. to foreign lands. Karl Ludwig Reichelt. Translated from For further information. write the Norwegian by Kathrina von Wagenen Bugge. 330 pp. $3. Mex. Commercial Ernest F., /Jail, Sec,etary, DepaTime'nt 0/ Annuill•• Press Ltd. Shanghai. 1927.

lIaptist Missionary Society. Annual Report BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS and statement of accounts for the 135th year ending March 31, 1927. 195 pp. The .of the Pte,byterian Church. U. S. A. Carey Press.. London. 1927. liI a:Ii1::1_ _ _..1._S.6..F.i_ft_h_A_v_c_D_u_e_,_N_e_w_Y_o_r_k_ _ _ Please mention THJC MISSIONARY REvmw OF THE WORLD In wrltlni!' to advertlsel'll. Nelson Bibles to Meet Every Need T o choose exactly the right Bible for home, for school, for every purpose, you really should have a Nelson Bible Listover five hundred styles, with every variety of binding, all sizes and all styles of type.

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THOMAS NELSON &. SONS 38SP Fourth Avenue, New York City Please send me a copy of Nelson's Bible Catalog,and the "Wonderful Story of the Bible.') Nama_____________________________________ In addition to yielding you a dependable e Addus.,____________________________________ income, your money performs a great Chris- tian service. It helps provide Bibles to im- migrants in their own language, to seamen, to the sick in hospitals, to prisoners and to OBITUARY the needy blind in raised type. Your money DR. CARL PAUL, of Leipzig, the former goes on doing this good work on earth when director of the Leipzig Missionary Society, you are gone, bringing the Word to those died on October 11, 1927, at hiB home near who hunger for it but cannot get it other- Leipzig, aged seventy. He was one of the wise. most prominent and deserving missionary leaders of Germany, a scion of an old Saxon You can arrange to have your [ible ministerial family. As pastor, he gave his Annuity Bonds pay a yearly income durin'~ time to missionary studies in a way that the life of two people, such as husband and wife, mother and daughter. brought him into prominence in the mission work of Europe. He early succeeded in Find out mope about this Christian Servgathering a eirele of pastors which developed ice investment. Mail the coupon for free into the Saxon Mission Society now 40 years booklet and new rate schedule. old. He was the secretary of this organization until 1911, when he became the successor to Director Van Schwartz of the Leipzig Mission. Later he was appointed professor New York Bible Society of missions at the University of Leipzig, the first professor of missions in his native state. DEPARTMENT 34 In the severe b'ials of the World War, his wise gnidance benefited his own society and Ii East 48th Street, New York was for the advantage· of all German missions. He was also well known as a writer —~——————– on mission subjeets and was in demand as a lecturer on the theory and history of lJlis· New York Bible Society, Dep't. 34, .ions.–C. T. B. 5 East 48th St., New York City. DR. ORVILLE REED, the beloved Recording Gentlemen: Without obligation, please send Me Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of For- descriptive (}amphlets about your Bible Annuit} eign Missions, died at his home in New Bonds. York City on Thursday, November 3d. Dr.

Reed was born in Lansingburg, N. Y., in Name ………………………… Age •…•• 1854. He taught in Robert College, Con- Address ……… , …………•• '" •..•…..••• stantinople, from ]880 to 1883 and subse- City ……. : ……..•…….. State quently was pasta, of cHurches in Spring- field,Mass.,"·and ·Mont-clair. He became associated with the· 'Presbyterian Board in . -l913, –.." . ,….• "-_.,,.-………. -. :. "…… .

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The Missionary Review of the World — February 1927

A SCENE IN RIADH, THE CAPITAL OF THE NEJD-'l'HE CASTLE OF THE RULER, IBN

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Me Cutcheon·s ('if) FIFTIIAVENUE foRTY-NINTH ST.

Dept. No. 20 '."M'_ New York "Lives 0/ great men all remind uS We can make Ollr li~les sublime, Atld departing lea,'e behind us .

Footprints 011 the sands of tillIC."-LONGFELI,OW.

I N THE minds of the American people twd great men are always associated with the month of February, And with the coming of this month, to the minds of many Christians the world over, comes the name of another great man born in Pebruary.

Vashington brought forth our nation; Lincoln preserved its unity; Moody ministered pre-eminently to its spiritual life. Of each it can be truly said, "He being dead, yet speaketh"; for the ideals of vVashington and Lincoln are the ideals of our nation today, and Moody's work goes on through the institutions and movements he founded.

One of these is the Moody Bible Institute, a school for training Christian workers of which he himself said, "It seems to me the largest thing I have ever undertaken, and that it is going to accomplish more than anything I have yet been permitted to do."

Some one has well said, "The world of tomorrow depends upon the schools of today," and we might add that the church of tomorrow depends upon the Christian training schools of today.

The Moody Bible Institute affords to Christians an opportunity to leave behind them, likewise, "footprints on the sands of time." This can be done by an investment in its Life Annuity Contracts. Write for complete information.

THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE Box Y2, 153 Institute Place Chicago, Illinois P1ease mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to adv,JTtisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor CONTENTS FOR FEBRUARY, 1927 Page FRONTISPIECE •………………… A Sa~E IN RrADH, ,cAPITAr, OF TUE NEJD EDITORIALS ……•……………………………………………•…. 85 CHINA DISTURBED AND DISTURBING FOREIGN MISSIONARY COOPERATION CoOPERATION IN HOME MISSIONS RESULTS OF MEDICAL MISSIONS IN ARABIA ….•…………. L. P. DAME 89 The story of how Christian tWctors have opened closed doors in Arabia and have won Arab friendship.

WOMAN'S PLACE IN HOME MISSIONS ………… MItS. W.,c. WINNSBOROUGH 95 A remarkable address showing what women have done in promoting national wel- fare tMough home mfsli'ionary work in America.

CHINESE RELIGION SEEN THROUGH CRINESE PROVERBS …………. .

……. …•……………………………………… . HARLAN P. BEACH 102 A review a1·ticle of a recent book by C. H. Flopper, showing how the popular proverbs in China rmleal the religious thought and life of the people.

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN LAyMAN ………………………. G. W. SPABLING 107 The story of Liu Tze Buh, converted from BuddhiMrt as a young man, and for twenty years a consistent Christian b1lsiness man oonneoted with the Singer Sew· ing Machine Co., using l.ia time anil money for the spread of Christianity among the Chinese.

STUDYING MEXICAN RELATIONS AT EL PASO …………….. COE HAYNE 110 The report of an interesting and important oonferenoe of mi.<siona.·ies ana 00:600- tives on the present eonditions among the Mexioons in the Unitea States ana ChA-istian work among them.

WHY I LIKE MY MISSIONARY JOB ………………….. ALBERT D. HELSER 113 The oonviotions based on experienee of a missionary in Africa.

FROM MOHAMMED TO CHRIST …………………………. HABIB YUSUFJI 117 The life story of a young Mohammeaan who Was eonverted to Christ ana has had varied experiences traveling arouna the world until he has enterea a theological semitnary in .America.

CHINESE TURKESTAN ………………………………… G. W. HUNTER 123 Interesting facts about a little-known part of Central Asia as yet almost un· touched by Christianity.

NANNING-A CITY IN CHINA. _……………………. R. LECHMERE CLIF'!.' 126 A picture of life and work in one of the cities of Southwest China.

EFFECTS OF OHINA'S TURMOIL ON MISSIONS ••……..•……………..

. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . REPORTS FROM MISSION BOARDS 131 Detailed facts about the experie1lees of misli'ionaries and hindrances to missionary work in various parts of China due to the present state of unrest and anti-foreign agitatwn.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ….. EDITED BY ELLA D. MACLAURIN' 135 WOMAN '8 HOME MISSION BULLETIN ……. EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 138 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……………….•………………………. 141 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ……………………………………….. 157 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1927, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PURJ,ISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSWNARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert E. Speer, President Wm. I. Chamberlain, Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall. Treasurer Publication Ofllce, 3d &' ReilY Sts., Harrisburg, EditorIal and Business Office. 156 Filth Avenue. Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 II year. New York City Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa.• under Act "r March 3. 1879. SAFE and SANE Do You Know?

Both for YOU and for tbe CHURCH Who built the Ark? was the first Christian FOR YOU: martyr? were th.. Samaritan.?

A guaranteed r('gular income for life Send for this 5-minute A future of assured freedom from finan- Bible Test, F R E E cial worry Are you satisfied with your knowledge An assured support for relative or friend of the Bible – the most interesting book in the world? See if you can answer the FOR THE CHURCH: questions in our free 5-minute Bible Test. The ten Moody Bible Institute A memorial church or school in some Home Study Courses give you the Bibli- needy field cal knowledge necessary for the most A permanent support for effective plC'.rfect daily religious lift". They are non-secta~ workers rian and there is onc suited to the needs from the beginner to the adv'lnced Christian. The The Extension of the Kingdom wonderful experience of 34,000 men and women students is waiting for you. Find out from this Life Annuity Agreements free test if vour Bible knOwledge is what it ought to be. Mail coupon now. "'''rite for infoI mation to MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE Morri. W. Ehne., Treasurer. Board 01 Foreign CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Mission. of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Filth Ave•.ue. New "torl:, N. y~ or Dept.4682, 153 ….titut. Place, Chic….., III.

W. J. Elliott, Treasurer, Board of Home Mis_ I ~:~~~:lel~si~~~f~ute Place. Chicago. III. sion. and Church Extension of the Methodist E:piacopal Church. 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. I Please send me. Free. your 5-Minute I Bible Test. No obligation. PERSONALS I Name. I REV. ARTHUR H. SMITH, D.D., author of I s~eet and No._ several well-known books on China, and missionary of the American Board in North &! ~::~.~-.'..,~-,.,.-" •.-•.••-••:-•:.-:':-::-: .-.:::-::::-::::-::_-:":':-:: JI China for fifty-three years, has retired and is making his home in Claremont, California. col, of the United Free Church of Scotland *** Mission. '* * REV. ROBERT A. HUME, D.D., another PRINOIPAL ROBERT R. MOTON of Tuskegee American Board veteran, who was born in India, of missionary parents, and has given Institute, accompanied by Mrs. Moton, their fifty-two years of active service in the Marathi Mission, is now, with Mrs. Hume, daughter, and two members of the Tuskegee living in Auburndale, Mass. faculty, sailed late in November for a trip *•* around the world. CUlVELAND E. DODGE has succeeded his father, the late Cleveland H. Dodge, as •* treasurer of Near East Relief. In 1925, Mr. REV. LLOYD CiRAIGlfILL, an Episcopalian Dodge became president of the Y. M. C. A. of New York City, which office has been missionary, and Arthur J. Allen, a Y. M. held by a member of the Dodge family for three successive generations. C. A. secretary, effected a truce between the • * .. nort))ern and southern forceS' around Nan- REV. WILLIAM ASHMORE, JR., D.D., Amer- chall~ ',c!iina, by carrying to them the peace ican Baptist missionary in Swatow, China, since 1879, who completed his revised trans- .terllll!' of"the Nanehang Chamberoj' Com· lation of the Old Testament on his seventy- . fifth birthday, has returned to America with merce. Mrs. Ashmore. DR. IWBERT E. SPEER, who, since last REV. WILLrAM PAr*oN, former Secretary August, has been visiting missions in Japan, of the National Christ~n Council of India, who visited the United $tates last year, has Kr,rea and China, holding conferences with been elected Secretary of the International Missionary Council. He has been succeeded missionaries, returned to New York on Jan· on the Indian Council by Rev. Nicol Macni. uary 3d. .. * ERNEST HURST CHERRINGTON, LL.D., a layman, has been elected Corresponding See- retary of the Board of Home Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to succeed the late Dr. David D. Forsyth.

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FEBRUARY, 1927

L TWO CHINA – DISTURBED AND DISTURBING T HINK of a people comprising about one fourth of the human race j without any acknowledged leader or accepted central government; with many new and untried theories competing with old customs and ideas; with inexperienced, young students struggling to influence the masses; with suspicion on every hand-of foreigners, of all Christians, of their own leaders; with bandits and unpaid soldiers seeking to take something for themselves; with mobs easily influenced by agitators and hard to control. Above all, there is a determination to assert and establish national independence of foreign domination and to secure acquiescence to their demands from other nations. This gives but a partial picture of the disturbed state of China today. Foreign governments and many foreign residents ill China desire to pour oil on the troubled waters, but find there is danger of the oil catching fire and so increasing the difficulties.

In spite of the disturbing dispatches in the daily press, China is not all in turmoil. The problems presented are most difficult to understand and to solve and yet many able minds are patiently and earnestly studying them. A solution will be found. The great masses of the Chinese desire peace and of the nearly eight hundred mission stations, in which foreigners reside in China, less than seventy report any unusual disturbance or interference with the mission work.

From the reports received direct from Protestant missionary societies (printed elsewhere in this issue), it will be noted that the chief unrest and anti-foreign agitation are found in the provinces where contending armies are fighting. K wangtung Province in the Bouth has been troubled by bandits, strikes and student agitators. Some anti-Christian feeling has been manifested, coupled with the antiforeign sentiment. Some schools have been closed.

SZf'('hwall Province in the west is another center of student strikes and anti-foreign agitation. The Christian University at 85

Chengtu has been closed, a number of missionaries have been captured (later released), some missions have been destroyed and priests driven out.

Hunan, Honan and Hupeh in Oentral China report attacks by bandits, missions robbed and damaged, fighting and destruction by soldiers, student strikes and some strong anti-Christian as well as anti-foreign feeling. The Yale mission at Changsha has been closed temporarily.

Kwangsi, Fukien and Kiangsu Provinces are also in the war zone and report property damaged, student disturbances and some interruption to the mission work.

The other provinces-Yunnan, Kweichow, Kansu, Shensi, Shansi, Chihli, Shantung, Kwangsi, Kiangsu, Anhwei, Chekiang, together with Manchuria and Mongolia, report comparatively little disturbance or anti-foreign agitation. Travel is somewhat interrupted and in some places is difficult and dangerous but few of the more than seven thousand six hundred Protestant Christian missionaries in China have suffered seriously. In general, they report: "People generally friendly"; "work going on as usual"; "schools and chapels open and well attended." This was the case up to about January 15th.

What are the missionaries doing to meet the present situation? Most of them are remaining at their posts and are seeking to help Chinese in every way in their power. They generally advocate the withdrawal of foreign gunboats and no armed intervention. They advise that foreign governments agree to a revision of treaties so as to do away as SOOn as possible with extra-territorial rights, foreign control of customs and other special privileges that irritate Chinese.

In many mission churches, schools and hospitals, more and more control is being given to the Chinese Christians with a view to ultimate autonomy. Some of the missions are registering their schools with the Government, and agree to discontinue required religious teaching and attendance at chapel services.

China has no truer, wiser friends than the missionaries. With no unworthy motives they are seeking to help China find the way out of her present difficulties so that she may become a strong, wellgoverned, righteous nation whose people are illteIligeut, lJl'oHperoufi, ullselfish and godly, FOREIGN MISSIONARY COOPERATION F OR thirty-three years, the Protestant Foreign Mission Boards of North America have been united in a cooperative study of the missionary program. While this has not involved union or a unified action, it has brought about close fellowship in carrying forward the great, world-wide missionary task. Among other ways in which the united study of problems and cooperation in policy have been effective, are the following:

EDITORIAL .cOMMENTS

1. A united study of the relation of missionary work to governments where missionaries are laboring; and a united approach to these governments for a satisfactory solution of problems. The results have been especially helpful in securing passports, in matters relating to education, in connection with property and special problems in Turkey, Africa and China.

2. A united study of special fields. In times of crisis, as in Mexico, China, Japan or Africa, conferences of executives and missionaries have brought about a clearer understanding and a more harmonious principle and policy of action. Causes of friction have been removed and unifying policies have been adopted. The Committee on Cooperation in Latin America represents one phase of the work.

3. A united study of special types of work. Conferences of medical missionaries, of educational workers and of those producing Christian literature have brought about an interchange of experience and closer cooperation on the fields to promote effectiveness and to prevent waste of effort and money.

4. A united study of methods of publicity and of promotion in the churches at the home base. Smaller Boards have been enabled to learn by the experiences of larger Boards; joint meetings have been held in various cities and there has been an exchange of promotion literature and promotion ideas.

5. The large Missionary Research Library (at 25 Madison Avenue, New York) has been collected at great expense and effort and has placed at the disposal of all interested in missions rich resources in books and periodicals that no one Board could gather together.

6. A united study of the preparation of missionaries: The problems of recruiting and of passing upon candidates for foreign service are so similar that they can best be studied and promoted together. The one thing needful is that candidates for missionary service shall not lose their spiritual ideals and power and their missionary passion based on devotion to Christ and faith in His Gospel.

7. Various other special problems and phases of work are best carried on in united effort-such as English-speaking churches in foreign cities, work among foreign students in America, peace programs, health and furloughs of missionaries, work among Jews in all lands, cooperation with the International Missionary Council and with National Councils in India, Japan, China and Moslem lands.

This union work has been carried on through the Foreign Missions Conference and the Federation of ,Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions. The annual meetings of these organizations have recently been held in Atlantic City' (January 11th to 14th). There were strong addresses on China, Africa, Moslem lands and Latin America -followed by discussion-but special emphasis was given to the need

THE MISSIONARY REViEW OJ!' 'rHE WORLD LJ<'ebl'ual'Y

for closer, more effective cooperation in prayer, in the adoption of a unified policy and through harmonious programs in various fields. The secret of unity consists, after all, in a close sympathy with Christ, in a clear understanding of His program and in an unselfish devotion to His cause.

COOPERATION IN HOME MISSIONS FOR twenty years the Protestant Home Mission Boards have been cooperating in the study of problems connected with the evangelization and Christian development of those in the United States and neighboring countries. 'l'heir twentieth meeting was recently held in: ,Philadelphia (Jan. 4 to 7) under the auspices of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions.

The special topic for discussion was the Rural Church-studied in its many phases, its needs, opportunities and progress. Effective addresses were given and papers read by Mrs. W. C. Winnsborough, Dr. Malcolm, Dana, Mr. Ralph S. Adams, Professor Ralph A. Felton, Dr. John McDowell and others. The changing character of the rural community wa's emphasized, the need for the elimination of competing evangelical churches in small towns, and the benefits of a more diversified and adequate Ohristian service program to help all classes and conditions in rural communities.

The home missionary forces have been cooperating effectively in promoting state councils and evangelical programs in such states as Idaho, Montana, Utah, North Dakota, Nevada, Washington, Wyoming <ODd Kansas. They have brought home missionary workers together to meet the needs of foreigners from Europe, Latin America and Asia. They have united in studying the needs and in giving the Gospel and its privileges to the American Indians and the American Negroes. They have caned united attention to the condition of the mountaineers, migrant workers, lumber jacks and others and have helped to establish work among them. They have produced and made available much helpful foreign language literature and have made known the needs of such special classes as the blind, the Jews, the Mormons and others.

Recently a plan has been adopted for cooperation with the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America. A committee of fifteen has been working on this plan to prevent duplication and overlapping. In general, under this plan, the Home Missions Council will have responsibility for Board activities among' the Indians, immigrants, Negroes, Orientals nnd Mormons and in Alaska, the West Indies and town and country work. The F'ederal Oouncil will have to do with the ]Jl'ohlems of evangelism, social relations, race relalions, interllationnl good-will, nrmy and navy, the Canal Zone, churches in Europe, financial matters, Ohristian education, relief, research and the drama.

SULTAN OF CENTRAL ARABIA AND RULElR OF MECCA, IBN SAOUD , A,ND

OF HIS CHIEFS Some Results of Medical Missions In Arabia BY L. P. DAME, M.D., BAHREIN, ARABIA Missionary of t ho Reformed Church in Amerie.a MISSIO NARIES in Arabia have long realized that it is diffi- cult to gain a hearing on a. direct religious basis. The Arab mind is closed to anything but the Koran and its teachings. The Gospel of Christ can enter only when the mind is opened by some contact with the outside world,by means of schools, hospitals and occasionally by the printed page.

Medical work has played a notable part in the program of the Arabian Mission. This has helped to break down prejudices, to open new territory and to bring people in contact with the Gospel, though from a strictly medical point of view also this branch of the work has been amply justified. Last year in our Bahrein hospital alone we treated 33,000 patients in the dispensary, performed 758 operations and made 992 visits to patients' homes. Such work must have a softening influence on the heart of the Arab. It would be impossible to relate the many incidents that together make a complete sLory.

The hospital formerly maintained at Busra was a real power in helping to break down that most difficult and intangible opposition to combat-prejudice. Not only was the Iwme of Dr. Bennett famous in lower Mesopotamia, bnt a few years ago when I was iIi the interior province of Kaseem, sometimcs referred to as thc "Heart of Arabia," several people askeCl me about him, mentioning him by name- 89

and it is usually difficult for an Arab to remember a foreign name. Others asked about the hospital that used to be there. Having once received physical help they were not very likely to carry an intense opposition against the place.

About fifteen years ago a mission colporteur in Kuwait was, for some reason, evicted from the city. One of our missionaries went there later to see if he could smooth out the troubles, but he was not even allowed to land When another attempt was made a few months later the missionary was only permitted to spend the night ashore and then returned to the waiting steamer. A few months more passed and another attempt was made to pour oil on the troubled waters. Dr. Van Ess, who went there, timed his arrival ashore with the departure of the steamer from the harbor. He then made his way to the castle of the Sheikh, announced himself a guest and, according to Arab hospitality, was entertained for three days. There was danger of Bedouin attacks along the overland route to Busra so that the guest was allowed to remain ten days more, until the arrival of the next steamer. Dr. Van Ess tried hard to win over the Sheikh, but to no avail. In his wanderings around the town he attempted to gain the friendship of this or that citizen or shopkeeper, but an order had gone out that no one should speak to the Christian infidel. On the edge of the town on the seashore was a little rise of ground and here Dr. Van Ess was wont in his loneliness to read his Bible, meditate and pray for the opening of Kuwait.

Today the Mission has on that very mound, where prayers were daily offered for the opening of Kuwait, two hospitals, one for men and one for women; also two missionary residences. We have in the heart of that city a boys' school and a chapel in a native house, where Arabic services are held every Sunday.

What was it that was used to open Kuwait in answer to prayer 1 Medical work. The Sheikh had heard of the Busra hospital, for people of Kuwait were frequently patients there. Some of the Sheikh's relatives and retainers had been there and had only good to say of the doctor and the hospital. His own daughter was operated on under chloroform, so that the Sheikh, realizing what a great benefit hiH subjects would derive from such a hospital, made a request to the Mission to open a hospital in Kuwait.

Bahrein too has an interesting story. About twenty-five years ago an attempt was made to buy land on which to build a hospital, but try as they might, no land could be had. One day two men came to a missionary, and offered to sell him a certain plot of ground. The sale was agreed upon and earnest money paid. Then late one night an Arab friend-and they were few those days-came to the mission house for an interview. He urged the missionary not to buy that land because, he said, there was a conspiracy against him. The men who had proposed the sale had picked out a piece of ground

SOME RESULTS OF MEDICAL MISSIONS IN ARABIA

on which a mosque had formerly stood. This made that ground holy and unsalable. The owners well knew this, but proposed to sell the land, allow the Mission to gather materials for the buildings and then face the missionaries with the charge of building on holy ground. Not only would the agitation of desecration be brought up, but the money paid for the ground would be lost. The friend, and he is stilI a friend, was heartily thanked and the land was not bought. Later another piece was found and the hospital built. It is still in use today.

The sequel to this story reveals an interesting contrast. The hospital at Bahrein was getting too small. There has been a constant increase of women patients and it was deemed necessary to build ARABS TRAVELING ON A BOAT IN PERSIAN GULF another hospital for women and children. Three years ago we approached the Sheikh-son of the Sheikh of the preceding story-and asked him to sell us a piece of land adjoining our hospital property. 'l'here was a large plot there but we wished to buy a section of it that had a splendid stone base. A less desirable plot lay between the mission property and that which we sought. 'l'he Sheikh's agent came to look it over and soon after we received a letter telling us that the whole plot of ground was granted as a gift to the Mission for the service to the community in the past years and as a help towards the realization of our new plans.

'fhe construction of the building planned would cost about $17,- 000 and we had only $11,000. But we had faith that some of the local people would help. 'Ve again approached the Sheikh and asked him to write a superscription for a petition which we could present to some of the rich merchants. He not only sent the written petition but

also a check of 5,000 rupees or about $1,600, as the first local gift toward the building. The total amount subscribed by the people was about 20,000 rupees or about $6,600, most of which was paid. (This includes a gift of $1,600 from The Anglo Persian Oil Co., Ltd., a British concern, with oil fields near Busra.) The great aim of the Arabian Mission since its founding has been the penetration of the interior. This met with a great many obstacles. Few Westerners have ever been able to gain entrance to these unknown regions, probably not more than half a dozen. When, about fifteen years ago, a revival of the Wahabis broke out and the new organization (known as Ikhwan or "Brothers") made its stern and cruel power felt among the yet "unconverted" tribes, the missionaries' task seemed more impossible than ever. Then the great influenza epidemic crossed seas and deserts and entered Riadh, the capital of Nejd. The star of Sheikh Ibn Saoud was then on the rise, but he was not yet known outside his own country. His eldest son and heir was stricken with influenza and, in his extremity, the father sent to Dr. P. W. Harrison, of Bahrein, to come and treat his son. The boy was already dead when the doctor arrived, but the foreigner was allowed to treat other cases and to perform a number of operations. From that time Nejd was opened to medical missions.

Two years later Dr. Harrison again visited the capital and made a longer stay. Again two years passed and an invitation came from the Sheikh for a medical missionary to open work in the capital. The result was my first trip to Riadh. Other visits followed and each time the stay was a bit longer than the previous one and each time more patients came for treatment and for operations.

Three years l;go the fourth invitation came, this time to treat the Sultan Ibn-Saoud himself. He had been ill for over three weeks and was indeed a very sick-looking man. It is always pathetic to see a strong, active, energetic man droop in weariness and pain. Fortunately, his splendid physique responded quickly after a slight operation and treatment. A week after our arrival a public reception was held, which was attended by about five thousand people. During our six weeks' stay in the capital the amount of medical work exceeded anything done during the previous visits. We were requested to go to several other towns farther inland. Camels and guides were provided and we stayed in the towns of Shughra, Aneiza and Boreida two or three weeks each. During all this journey we were the guests of the Sultan and all expenses of travel were borne by him. The farthest point reached was more than twice as far as Riadh, previously the farthest town to which we had penetrated.

,Ve have made medical tours into these provinces, but that does not meall that they are fully open to the Gospel. It is generally understood that we have the privilege of opening our dispensary with Scripture reading and prayer wherever we go, and because we

insist 011 this privilege we cannot establish a permanent foothold. The answer of the Sultan to requests for opening a hospital anywhere in the interior is-"Without your Book and your prayers, come and we will build you a hospital; with your Book and prayers, we do not want you, though we will be glad to invite you occasionally for a few months' stay."

Oman, the southeastern province of Arabia, has also recently flhown its need and desire for the medical missionary. About fourteen years ago the interior of this province rebelled against the Sultan of Muscat, who is theoretically the ruler of Oman. Previously a number of our missionaries had traveled rather freely through the province, but since then no strangers have been permitted beyond the A GROUP OF WOMEN, WAITING FOR TREATMENT DURING A MEDICAL TOUR IN ARABIA coast. About four years ago a truce was established between the interior sheikhs and the Sultan, and an immediate increase of patients from Oman was noticed in our hospital at Bahrein. The Omani is an extremely friendly Arab, much more so than the Nejdi. There is, in fact, a marked contrast between our problem in Oman and in Nejd. In the former place, the people would gladly have us come, but the ruling sheikhs are loath to invite us. In Nejd the people would never dream of inviting us, but the invitation has constantlv come from the man in power. Our problem in Oman was to reope~ a territory once open to the Mission and closed because of local political difficulties The rulers of the interior have constantly refused to allow foreigners in their domain.

A short time ago some geologists, representing a large oil company, were refused permission to prospect for oil. From our hos-

pital in Bahrein, we sent letters with returning patients for about eighteen months to the Sheikh of the interior with only two responses. We then asked for an invitation to visit his province but were met with an evasive negative. Eventually we set out to visit some of the coast towns where we were cordially welcomed and deluged with work. Again we sent letters to the reactionary Sheikh, and were then permitted, though not really invited, to go to Somail, the most important town of the interior. Here we were deluged with work and the "common people heard us gladly." For a time there was considerable opposition to our dispensary prayers, but because we refused to do medical work without them, all objections were withdrawn and the tour was a real success. Two of the sons of the Sheikh came, one for treatment and the younger for a minor operation, three of the women of the Sheikh's household came for major operations and people from every section and from every walk of life came in great numbers. The day we left the town our courtyard was tilled with friends who bade us farewell and who asked for a speedy return. A group of the Sheikh's servants escorted us out of the town, and two went with us all the way to the coast.

Medical work supplies a definite human need. When we realize that these people have absolutely no scientific treatment that can give them relief from pain, fevers and tumors, it is no wonder that many of them travel for ten, twenty and sometimes even thirty days on donkeys, camels or in sailboats to find relief in a hospital. At present the only hospitals in Arabia are on the coasts and are conducted by the Mission. May the time come and come soon, when we shall be permitted to establish hospitals in the interior also/' hospitals to exemplify the love of Christ and to distr~ute the Book of Christ.

THOUGHTS FOR THINKING CHRISTIANS If there was more abiding in Christ there would be less abiding in America. We are saved because of past missionary efforts; others are to be saved by our present missionary efforts. The most momentous fact in the universe, so far as we know, is that 800,000,000 human beings are still groping in ignorance without knowledge of God. Even on the cross, Christ was a missionary to the robber, and His last command was the missionary commission. The real question is not how much of my money will I give to God, but how much of God's money will I keep for myself? "Missions are not a failure in heathen lands, but are a sad failure in many professing Christians at home." "A living sacrifice" is the life poured out in loving ministry for others. How often our own lives are impoverished because we reserve them for ourselves!

Woman's Part in Home Missions*

Woman's Part of the Contribution Which Home Missions is Making to the Present Day Development of the Nation BY MRS. w. o. WINNSBOROUGH, ST. LOUIS, MO.

Presbyterian Church in the United States W OMAN'S part in the present day development of the nation is so largely the outgrowth of her splendid service during many years past that no intelligent consideration of today could fail to include a glance backward at the foundation of what is now the splendid Home Mission work of the women of the churches.

More than half a century ago, the interest of the women in the advancement of the kingdom of God in America, was evidenced in the organization of the Women's Boards of Home Missions, in many of the Evangelical denominations of the United States. Thousands of local home missionary societies had been organized many years previous, and the faithful service of these organizations was a harbinger of the splendid success that should attend the work of the Boards.

These organizations were born of great need-challenging opportunity and eager desire to serve our Lord.

As the years passed these Women's Boards of Home Missions became increasingly useful in the work of the Kingdom. Some of them began as executive committees, auxiliary to the General Boards of Home Missions, gradually taking on larger responsibilities until, with the consent of their highest court, they became independent and in some cases incorporated Boards of the church. Their activities included every department of Home Missions, although in most cases their major emphasis was placed upon educational and community work.

The first quarter of a century of the life of the Women's Boards witnessed marvelous results-well equipped, splendidly manned schools were established among the under-privileged and exceptional classes, none of which failed to receive their quota of help.

Immediately following the war between the States, the Women's Home Mission Boards established many schools for the education of the Negro, and today America is reaping the harvest of this foresight in an educated and Christian leadership, from the Negro race.

Indian Schools were planted on practically all the Government Reservations as well as in the fastnesses of the Appalachian Mountains where isolation was depriving thousands of children of an educationalopportunity. From these mountain schools has come a stream • An address given at the nome Missions Conference In Phlladelphla, Jan. 4, 1927.

95

of youth of pure American blood to take places of national leader- ship. And not a few men, high in authority in our land, received their inspiration and their early education in mission schools in their native highlands. A few years ago a speaker before a national Church court asked all the ministers present who had been born and reared in the mountains to stand, and among the large number of men who responded were pastors of leading churches, chairmen of important committees, and even the moderator of the highest court of the Church. Most of these men, powers in their communities as well as in the Church had received their early education in mission schools taught by consecrated women of Home Missionary societies.

When the wave of foreign immigration into America reached its highest peak, it was Women's Home Mission Boards that employed missionaries to help the immigrant at Ellis Island, and established schools for teaching these new Americans those things which would best fit them for Christian citizenship in their adopted land.

No task was too difficult, no problem too puzzling for the high courage of these splendid pioneer women of our churches. Many were true statesmen in their planning, and the strategic place occupied today by institutions founded by these women is indisputable evidence of their keen vision and fine judgment. If it be true that the success of a republic depends upon an educated and moral constituency, then the patriotic contribution of the Women '8 Home Mission Boards to our national life is indeed a worthy one.

The organization of the Council of Women for Home Missions, made up of practically all of the Women's Home Mission Boards of America, was a strategic move for a united consideration of common problems which has borne rich spiritual fruit and grown into practical missionary accomplishment.

However, a new attitude was gradually evolving in the missionary organizations of the Church as well as in many other departments of life. Women were successfully assuming new and larger responsibilities along with men and on an equal plane. A marked change came about in the mind of the Church as to the wisdom of separate mission boards of men and of women. The amalgamation of the General Boards with the Women's Boards was discussed, and steps taken toward closer cooperation between the two boards. Soon some denominations took their first step towards uniting the work of the two Boards, not without considerable trepidation however, and some opposition on the part of some of their members, both men and women.

The plan of union spread rapidly however, until today there are very few denominations in the United States that have not General Missionary Boards composed of both men and women, or are not in the process of making this change. Those denominations which

WOMAN'S PART IN HOME

organized thei~Woill(!il.~~t~drk rlior~ rJceIltly, arid werd' ~ble' t~,dis-I eern the future plan justl i:J{s'hig; ortl the riiission:HY h6rizori,' er~ct'ed their organization to function effectively as auxiliary to the C~l~r:ch;l with women representatives on all the General Boards. The filct' that in most denominations this representation is not yet adequate in numbers is but proof of the old adage that "Rome was not made in a day," though the future will probably show that women of all denominations are Presbyterian enough to practice "The Perseverance of the Saints" until such time as women shall have equal representation on the Missionary Boards of the churches.

The same spirit of union has shown itself in the increasingly closer affiliation of the Home Missions Oouncil and the Oouncil of Women for Home Missions. Nor is this spirit of union connned to the United States. The movement is even more marked in England today than in America. The International Review of Missions published in London speaks in a recent article of the decided trend toward the amalgamation of Men's and Women's Boards today in the following words: "The principle of full cooperation between men and women is completely recognized. Cooperation in missionary work is in being or in view in everyone of the larger communities of the Church and that as a process of evolution."

We cannot, therefore, tonight fairly consider Woman's contribution to America as the work done solely by the Women's Home Mission Boards, since many have passed or are passing out of existence. We shall be compelled to consider the subject from a broader viewpoint.

The Home Mission task itself is in process of change. A restatement of the objectives of Home Missions is needed today; it must include everything that the term has meant in the past and all that is evolving from the restless changing present; for the task of yesterday is not completed, even though new ones face us today.

Such a list must include the promotion of better race relations. In the Department of Race Relations, we nnd ourselves embarrassed today by our success of yesterday. For more than half a century, the Women's Boards have been giving a Ohristian education to children of other races-the Japanese, the Chinese, the Indian and the Negro. These schools have produced a fine group of intelligent and educated Ohristian citizens, and leaders for our beloved country. But what is the attitude of America, and even of the Ohurch, towards these leaders 7 Where can even the American born Japanese lawyer or minister of the Gospel serve1 His own racial groups are too small to provide him a living. What Anglo- Saxon church would employ him, however great might be his spiritual leadership 1 Who could employ a Negro however well fitted for the position, in any capacity that involved supervision of even the most ignorant 2

February

white men 1 How many ministel'E wau'ld dare arrange an exchange of pulpits with a Negro minister, whatever might be his achievements?

Have we devoted ourselves all these years to a conquest of ignorance, only to face a more deadly foe in race hatred, which seems to increase in intensity as the object of its animosity acquires potential leadership; race hatred which is so foreign to true democracy and to the tenets of God's Word which says "He has made of one blood all nations of men" 1 The task of transmitting race antipathy into brotherly love is one to try our souls and test our faith. Yet the women of the churches are addressing themselves to it courageously and with grat- Hying results. For eight years, a group of representative Southern Church women, both white and colored, have worked as a part of the Inter-Racial Commission of Atlanta, to promote better understanding between the two races. Together they have organized similar commissions in eleven southern states. The effort of these women to wipe out the crime of lynching has been an importaut factor in the encouraging decrease until the past year, in the number of lynchings. The fact that 13 more lynchings are reported this year than last, will but cause them to renew their efforts in this direction.

In September the first Inter-Racial Meeting of Northern White and Colored Women was held at Eaglesmere, Pennsylvania, with fine results. The conflict may be a long one; but race hatred can have no place in the hearts of Christians, if the Church is to take this land for Christ! The present efforts of the women to promote better race relations constitute as necessary a contribution to the Church and the welfare of our land as was the educational program of the 1860's.

THE MIGRANT PROBLEM Industrial conditions in rural America have been gradually changing. Highly specialized agriculture has grown enormously and a large migratory population has come into existence, through the development of new crops on a large scale, in new areas of our country. Seasonal laborers are employed, who move from crop to crop as the season advances, thus making permanent homes impossible. The children are deprived of any opportunity for an education, either secular or spiritual, and of any home influences of the better kind, and are usually pressed into service as workers while children. The migratory life of this population constitutes a national and Home Mission challenge. Women's Boards, through the Council of Women are doing a most interesting work in this difficult field through women workers employed to live among and serve these Casuals. The recent EI Paso Conference on Mexican work emphasized the need of this type of work, and the women who are blazing this new trail will show others the way.

J WOMAN'S PART IN HOME MISSIONS

THE COCNTRY CHURCH The Church of the ~illage and open Coulltry is being carefully studied today. There seem to be at least two general classes under which these needy rural communities may be listed: first, those, long familiar to us, that are handicapped by the remote location, underprivileged citizens and no church or pastor. The second, of more recent development, may have a church and even a pastor but the rural delivery, the telephone, good roads and automobiles, have united in luring the people away to near-by towns and cities, with iheir movies and other pleasure resorts, though not noticeably inereasing the church attendance there. The problem, therefore, seems to be in the first case to find a preacher for the people, and in the second to hold the people for the preacher. It is interesting to note what the women are doing in both types of communities, usually under the title of " Religious Work Directors," although the title is yariously applied in different denominations.

In the state of Georgia, one denomination has seven fine, alert, consecrated young women from the Missionary Training School of the denomination, employed to work in the rural and unchurched sections of the state. The following quotations from letters show us some of the things these women are doing.

"Our Church found that a consecrated woman working and living in the community, helping in the homes, sewing, nursing the sick and caring for the children, could gain ground faster than a man, who would not put up with such an everyday life! In most cases, after a year or more of such service, we have secured a church building of some kind and sometimes a community house too. My first summer was in a community where there was a church apparently dead. After three months' intensive work in building up the community life and interest we had an evangelistic meeting held by our chairman of Home Missions, and forty-six people joined the church, and now they have a Sunday-school, a Christian Endeavor, and a minister one quarter of his time."

Another worker writes: "The remote rural communities in our State have been sadly neglected by all denominations, and as a result the people, instinctively seeking some sort of religion, have been led to believe in many false doctrines, and to follow unwise and unsafe leaders. When a woman enters such a community she has a wonderful opportunity to present the true religion and through community work such as sewing and cooking classes for the girls, industrial work with the boys, social and religious meetings with the mothers, gradually the trend of thought can be turned into different and more wholesome channels. Then in the Sunday-school and Christian Endeavor the foundation can be laid still more firmly, and almost before we know it, there is a following ready for a church organization; the enthusiasm goes still further, and with some help from the committee, a house of worship is erected, and there is a church home where the people can meet together and worship the true God."

The chairman of this work, a minister in Georgia, writes: "By this plan of sending women in to do the pioneer work, we have opened up nine counties in the last three or four years and built fifteen

churches in communities where they werc badly needed. We are running fourteen Sunday-schools and teaching abont 700 pupils."

a 'rhis plan is also being used in Texas, where the Htatc j)ireetor of Religious Education is woman, who has oversight of eight young women who are doing a great work in the rural sections of that state.

In Mississippi, six young women are employed by one denomination in similar work.

SOCIAL SERVICE Another valuable contribution to community welfare is made through the social service departments of thousands of local missionary societies. Through this secretary, jails are visited as well as orphanages, old folks' homes, county farms and city hospitals. Good cheer is carried to the inmates and friendly interest shown. Day nurseries are operated, free clinics and pure milk stations established, supervised playgrounds are provided for needy sections of the community and many other forms of helpful service are carried on by this Department.

EVANGELISM Changes are occurring rapidly in the field of Home Missions. Good roads are not only changing the problem of the rural church, but they are also penetrating the remote sections of the Appalachians where isolation will soon become a thing of the past. State schools follow good roads, and in time will afford adequate educational opportunity to the mountain boy and girl. But State schools do not proclaim the message of salvation, and these children must have Christian homes and Sunday-schools and churches before the mission schools can be spared. Dr. E. C. Branson, in a recent number of World's Work, writing on "Mothers of Loneliness," says that there are 477,000 illiterate women in the mountains east of the Mississippi River. The number of "Quare Wimmen" who are living with and loving and teaching these people needs to be multiplied many times over.

Since, however, primary education will in time be entirely the province of the State and not of the Church, since Americanization is being taken care of by public schools among the new Americans, since more adequate educational opportunities are being-increasingly afforded the Negro, the Mexican, the Oriental, by the State, and the Church will in time be relieved of this task, what then is becoming the paramount Home Mission task of the Church of America! Is it not a renewed emphasis on evangelism, that supreme task of the Church which the State can never assume, the taking of the Gospel to all people everywhere? Is not this today the crying need of rich and poor, high and low, in America 1 Said a noted secular speaker recently: "America's greatest need today is a revival of oldfashioned religion."

WOMAN'S PART IN HOME MISSIONS

Although the IVomen Home Missionaries. are not preaching from pulpits, they are none the less true evangelists, telling the gospel story throughout our land. In mill village and in lumber camp, in mountain cove and on western prairie, they are living and telling, the old, old story. It has always been so. The Church at large may need to renew its emphasis upon Personal Evangelism, but to the women "Missions" has always meant carrying the Gospel! rChat message has been the motivating power and ultimate object of their missionary effort, and they stand loyally ready today to serve in even larger measure in making this beloved land really worthy of its proudest title, "Christian America."

Our consideration of woman's home missionary contribution to her country would be incomplete indeed were we to omit a tribute to that consecrated and self-denying worker-The Woman Home Missionary. For three quarters of a century, these women have lived in the hard places of the land, sometimes shoulder to shoulder with their brave husbands. Sometimes alone. Always poor, attempting a humanly .impossible task, yet with heads up and faces forward, never retreating, never complaining, the bravest 'souls the Church has seen.

Living on a meagre pittance, yet dividing with the needy, doing physical labor beyond her strength, yet helping with the burdens of others, bearing children far from hospital or surgeon, managing in some way to educate large families, with no child allowance from the Boards, with no furlough of rest at stated periods, with no halo on her brow for leaving the homeland, persevering, sympathetic, faithful unto the end, may we tonight place upon the head of the Woman Home Missionary the laurel wreath so long denied her and acclaim her as servant par excellence of her country and of her King.

THOUGHTS FROM OHRISTIAN THINKERS "You might as well try to cure smallpox by scenery as to try to save the world by improvement of environment. "

"Let us fail in trying to do something rather than sit still and do nothing. "

"Nothing is eternal but that which is done for God and others. That which is done for self dies."

"Consistent giving keeps the soul from shrinking." "God will not look you over for medals, degrees, and diplomas, but for scars. " "Doing nothing for others is the undoing of one's self." "With God, over the sea; without Him, not over the threshold."

"Chinese Religion Seen Through

Proverbs"

BY PR.OF. HARLAN P. BEACH, MADISON, NEW JERSEY KING SOLOMON'S Old Testament collection of proverbs, in their entirety, numbered some three thousand; Professor C. H. Plopper, Ph.D., of Nanking University, has made a 381page collection of 2,448 proverbs related to China's religious thought and moral teachings. This volume is by far the best one for those seeking light on such phases of life as may be liberally called Chinese religion. Yet as the author tells us: "For showing their literary i'tructure, wit, grace, beauty, and strength, Arthur H. Smith's 'Chinese Proverbs and Common Sayings' will probably never be surpassed." Another earlier collection is William Scarborough's" A Collection of Chinese Proverbs," 2,720 in number, which we labored over in our China missionary days with the feeling expressed by Dr. Smith in commenting upon the author's deprecatory introduction, in which he craved pardon lest" a few errors may have crept in." To .this the missionary humorist added: "Crept in! They have done more than that. They have come in in swarms, each with its hat on and umbrella spread, and have then taken a front seat." This latter volume has just been republished with additions equalling Solomon's number. Some months ago, Captain A. J. Brace placed in our hands a choice booklet entitled, "Five Hundred Proverbs, Commonly Used in West China," where he has labored for years. He said that these were the most common ones in a collection of eight thousand which he had gathered. As it is said of Jesus that "without a parable spake he not unto them," so the four authors mentioned above made their addresses and conversation acceptable through the knowledge of proverbs which they copiously and profitably used.

Only a few samples from Dr. Plopper's collection can be presented here. We have taken keen delight and have gained much enlightenment from them, despite the fact that the paraphrase oftentimes does not seem at all connected with the Chinese proverbs found below, which sometimes are like Scarborough's spread umbrellas in this Chinese meeting-house. The author often gives the commOn sense of proverbs h&ving no immediate religious or moral bearing. Indeed, Dr. Propper's paraphrases are as illuminating for the student of Chinese religion and customs as are the six ponderous tomes of Professor Dr. de Groot, of Berlin University, in his proposed series of twelve volum{)s-and are vastly more interesting. '['he following are samples of proverbial religion as it is heard on the lips of educated and illiterate alike, taken from one hundred and twenty- lOll three written sources and generously supplemented by proverbs heard by the author in common conversation.

Animism and the religious ideas preceding the formal teachings of Lao Tzu and Confucius occupy eighty-one pages. The next largest section of sixty-six pages has to do with religious doctrines. In the ancient nature-worship Heaven and Earth were prominent, with the dualistic Yin and Yang-positive and negative principlesclosely second.

"Heaven is father and Earth is mother. " "First was Heaven and Earth and then all creatures were born." "Heaven and Earth are the father and mother of all creati(m; and of all things man is most highly endowed spiritually." "If your principles are not good, you sin against Heaven and Earth."

Of the two great dualistic principles, they say: "Out of nothingness was born the Great Extreme; this produced the Yin and the Yang"-the Earth and Heaven-whose "unfathomable operations are spirit." The Yin and Yang principles have been deified as the Royal Father of the East and the Royal Mother of the West, the former living in a paradise in the Eastern Ocean and the latter ruling in the K'un Lun Mountains, said to be the junction point between Heaven and Earth. Thi~ is the place where the Yin and Yang vapors are harmonized.

These two principles, and especially Heaven and Earth, "are known and appealed to in practically every home in China. Early in the morning of the first day of every year the incense burner is taken into the courtyard in front of the door, and there under the clear sky, incense is burned for the family, while the head of the house prostrates himself in worship to the parents of all life."

From that early period came also the worship of the Gods of the Soil, or the spirits of the Land and Grains, to which small shrines are erected all over the land. These often contain a quaint pair of images, represented as husband and wife. While a disparaging proverb runs, "The God of the Soil is munching a cake-he cannot hear any large offering," the great philosopher Mencius asserted 111a t "The people arc the most important element in a nation; the spirits of the Land and Grain are the next; the Sovereign is the lightest "~for which saying, rulers always held a grudge against him, while the people said a hearty Amen. In the Confucian Analects is a proverb sanctioned by the Great Sage: "Faithfulness tranquilizes the spirits of the Land and of Grain; but a sharp mouth overturns home and country." What wonder that small images of these Gods of Soil and Grain are found in many homes, placed on the floor under the altar board that they may be as near Earth as possible to protect the house and its inmates!

Omitting all reference to a host of deities mentioned in proverbs and connected with nature, we introd1lCe the Dragon, regarded as the

king of the animal creation, the emblem of royalty and the symbol of greatness. There are many varieties, inhabiting many places; yet the real element of the Dragon is the water, and there at the bottom of the sea, in a ten-thousand-feet-deep cave, is his palace. "To go down into the ocean to seize the Dragon" is a proverbial way of describing a super-brave man, while of a man who would be helpless out of his proper environment, they say "A Dragon will not leave the deep water."

But of all gods and deities of the Chinese, the one most in evi- dence in the home life is the" Kitchen God," perhaps the oldest wor- shiped in China; Of the more than forty stories that tell the origin of this deity, Dr. Plopper gives that of Chang Tsao-wang, who mar- ried a virtuous young woman who brought good luck to his home. Tiring of her he later put her away and married one of a fast char- acter. Then all went wrong with him so that, blind and a beggar, he unwittingly asked food at the home of his first wife whose cooking and good deeds brought back his sight. Seeing who his benefactor was filled him with such shame that, in trying to escape her gaze, he jumped into the stove not knowing that there was fire in it. His wife mourned for him and placed a memorial tablet over the stove. Later this custom was followed by hundreds of millions of Chinese. The proverbs connected with this god of paper pasted near the fire- place have to do with the end of the year, when as the guardian of the family and cognizant of all its good and evil of the year past, he is unpasted and sent by fire to the Pearly Emperor dwelling in the North Star. That he may give a good report, his mouth is smeared with candy or syrup so that his last impression will incline him to a favorable report to that Emperor. "The Kitchen God has gone to worship Heaven." "The Kitchen God gone to heaven-no place to live," said of one seeking a house to rent. A longer proverb runs, "When the sweetmeats are offered to the Genius of the Hearth, New Year has come. The little girl asks for flowers; the lad wants crackers; the old lady is anxious for a wig; and out of spite the old man breaks his bowl"-for thus he is importuned.

The next chapters relate to later animism and current beliefs concerning spirits good and bad, demons, the phenix, tortoise, and magic in popular religion, fortune telling, charms, jeng shtti in its thousand forms, and the graceful pagoda, protector of the farreaching countryside from malignant spirits. – A few sample religions proverbs may be given, summari'zing a number of them which describe a good woman, and remind us of Solomon's description of such a person: The virtuous wife brings honor to her husband and is a source of strength ·to his moral life. Hence parents should seek goodness rather than beauty in choosing a son's bride. Such a wife creates a desirable atmosphere in her Dew home, creating memories that will be cherished. Her children will be

1927J "CHINESE RELIGION SEEN THROUGH CHINESE PROVERBS"

trained into strong manhood and womanhood, and her virtue will be her one priceless possession, or as the proverb has it, "'fhe excellence of a wife con- sists, not in her beauty, but in her virtue."

Her estimate of its value is thus stated: "It is a little thing to starve to death; it is a serious thing to lose one '8 virtue."

An admission as to her virtue, characteristic of the old regime, is added; "For a woman to be without talents is virtue," i. e., it is better for iii woman not to be bright.

Summarizing for men the proverbs declare: "He whose virtues exceed his talents is the superior man, and to hav~ such a one in the home is to exalt the whole clan. As men of this class increase;, they strengthen the country, 'for virtuous men are a kingdom's greatest; treasure.' . . . So it is the duty of every teacher, father and elder to live~ virtuously before the young. Then the child will also show forth the same' qualities and grow into a perfect manhood."

Half a dozen proverbs indicate that living' a virtuous life is not easy, but calls for watchfulness in small things, a thoroughgoing criticism of one's own life, constant control over one's desires and feelings, for "Virtue is the foundation of happiness, vice the presage of misery. "

As to critics of character, "He who tells me of my faults is my teacll€r; he who tens me of my virtues, does me harm."

This saying of Confucius is also a worthy proverb: "Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles, and be moving continually to what is right; this is the way to exalt one's virtue"

Many proverbs having to do with virtue and vice are well worth a place in Christian living, though many others are not.

A prominent series of proverbs has to do with quietism, and that is emphasized especially by present-day scholars, and thinkers, and a few military officers. The doctrine of Taoism, the Tao, is here very prominent: "The freer, deeper life does not come through strife and searching, but by putting oneself in accord with Tao [often identified with God, Reason or Natureland peacefully going with its movements. Should any cause of trouble arise, one should not get angry and excited, but should tranquilly yield to circumstances or to men, and he will win by his very nonresistance. One gains strength by being able to bend before the winds of adversity. As he learns to be placid, his power increases; for the Tao is permeating him."

Another series, covering thirteen pages, has to do with rewards and punishment, for the Chinese firmly believe that "Good has its good recompense, while evil has its bad outcome." "Virtue and vice are sure to be rewarded in the end; only at times sooner, at times later." "Plant melons and you will gather melons; plant plums and you will gather plums." "Each man must suffer for his own sin." "How can you escape the great reckoning 1"

Yet Fate, following Indian ideas of transmigration connected

with Karma from a previous existence, is often mentioned in Ohi- neBe proverbs.

"It was determined in the former life." "Laugh not at the poverty of others; for the affairs of transmigration are just." "Life and death are according to Fate; the great reckoning will be difficult to avoid." "Both riches and honor are settled by Fate; their time of arrival each 11liin must await."

Rewards of the present life are very uncertain: "He hoards to- day, he hoards tomorrow; he does nothing else but hoard. At length he has enough a new umbrella to afford; when all at once he is as- sailed, a wind arises quick, and both his hands grasp nothing but a bare umbrella stick."

The end comes at last and man reaches the Yellow Fountain, or the Nine Fountains-Hell. The Yellow Fountain is supposed to be located in China's westernmost province, surrounded by a large rock 25,000 miles in circumference, having iron walls 10,000 feet high, from which :flames issue. Its prince Yen Wang at the proper time sends his messenger Wu Oh'ang for one's soul. Strong, wiry spirits then punish the culprit according to his deserts. Other proverbs allude to Ti Tsang, a Buddhist Reformer of Hell, who goes from point to point preaching the Law. When he sees a soul truly repenting of its sins, as Deliverer from Hell he induces the King having that particular section of Hell in charge to release him.

Pages of proverbs illustrate the fate of those in the ten great divisions of Hell with their varied tortures. Happily these glimpses of horrors are followed by other pages describing the life of the Immortals and the paradisaical Eastern Isles and Western Heaven, Buddhistic in the main. This "World of Extreme Happiness" is the dying hope of thousands every month j for there Amida Buddha and the ever-pitying goddess Kuan Yin, stand ready to welcome Buddhists to a Paradise perfectly pure as compared with Islam's shamelessly sensuous Heaven.

Chinese proverbs are of a high order relatively speaking. Impurity is lacking, and ethical ideals are dominant in most of the collection, especially when they are from the classics and other literary sources. They do not point out a way of salvation, except in the Buddhist proverbs; and even then it is an ignis fatuus that only uncertainly suggests what is not truly existent. Good sentiments are on every lip, but virtuous conduct and holy lives are rare under prevalent religious teachings. The proverb may be a good starting point for a Ohristian address j but these in Dr. Plopper's superb collection are as devoid of saving value as is Solomon's Book of Proverbs; both demand a Gospel and a Saviour truly to bless the soul.

A Chinese Christian

BY G. W. SPARLING, CH1JNGKING, WEST CHINA Missionary of the United Church of Canada I Na hilly district, one hundred miles south of the city of Chung- king, Liu Tze Ruh was born some fifty-eight years ago. When yet a youth he left the fascinating and invigorating scenes of his country home to seek his fortune in the commercial metropolis of Chungking. He was accompanied by his father who had no capital but earned his living by daily work. 'l'he lad was expected to support himself and also to make a contribution to the family exchequer. His father was brought up as, a member of the Buddhist sect, and the son inherited a strong belief in the reality of the spiritual world as well as an intense desire to inquire into its mysteries.

Soon after his arrival in Chungking the young man heard of the foreign missionaries and was pleased one evening to see, in front of a well-lighted building, a written invitation for passersby to come in and hear the Gospel. He decided to enter and gain whatever light he could on some of the problems that were continually pressing on his young mind. During this first meeting he heard the Christian story of creation. It fascinated him so that he decided to come again and soon became a regular attendant at these services. He purchased a Bible and set himself the task of reading it through. In one year he had finished it several times. Six months after he first heard the Gospel he was baptized and immediately became a voluntary preacher and bookseller. He has sold thousands of books and preached hundreds of sermons but has never accepted any remuneration for this work. From the beginning of his Christian experience he had an intense desire to tell others the news. He would go on long tours carrying Bibles and gospel portions with him preaching and selling as he went. Several times I have heard him express a wish that the last few years of his life might be spent in just this kind of work.

About twenty years ago Mr. Liu was recommended as a clerk with a foreign export and import firm but it was as agent for the Singer Sewing Machine Co. that his most rapid advancement was made. In 1913 he was advanced to the position of general agent covering the whole of the province of Szechwan with a population of seventy million. Here his ability as an organizer was soon seen and he placed agents in all the main cities of the district. He soon became a comparatively rich man and on several occasions was re- (lllGsted to go to other provinces to assist in organizing the work of the company. This work necessitated much travel.

Mr. Liu's desire to do philanthropic work seemed to increase 107

with the increase of his income and he began to look around for the best way to use his money. He early adopted the motto that all he had belonged to the Lord and after deducting sufficient for the needs of his family was prepared to use the remainder in definite Christian enterprises. His liberality was first brought to the notice of the public when he decided to open an orphanage for boys. which was afterwards followed by one for girls in which over a hundred children are working and studying. Several of these pupils have graduated and are now taking responsible positions in mission schools and elsewhere while many others have learned trades which have enabled them to earn a respectable living. In this enterprise as in all others he has insisted that it shall have a Christian atmosphere; Christian worship is held regularly and the Bible is one of the school textbooks.

Mr. Liu did not forget the country home from which he had come some twenty years before, but early decided to do something to bring the people of that district into touch with the Gos- pel and which would stand as a memorial among llis former neigh- bors. As a heathen he would probably have erected a memorial arch but as a Christian he decided that the best :ldR. LIU TZE RU thing was to open Christian schools for the children, so that the coming generation would have opportunities which were denied to their parents.

During all the years Mr. Liu has kept his membership in the same church in Chungking which is now over thirty years old. This began as a mission church entirely financed by mission money but as the membership increased they gradually assumed some of the financial responsibility. Four years ago a committee was appointed to consider the matter of becoming entirely self-supporting and it was largely through Mr. Liu's efforts that this was accomplished. He did not want to give in a way that would overshadow the other members but assumed his share so that the complete budget of $1,500 a year has been raised locally during these years. He has been a real inspiration to the other members as they have had an example of a man who has not forgotten his duty to the church during his time of prosperity. He has done much to combat the idea so prevalent on the mission field that the church is good for those who are in straight-

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN LAYMAN

ened circumstances and need its assistance but is not necessary when men are in independent circumstances.

Having been much in contact with foreign mis8iouaries and being connected with a foreign firm, Mr. Liu decided that he would like to take a world tour. In the spring of 1924 a missionary going • home on furlough to Canada offered to take him and act as interpreter.

His visit to the Christian Church of the West has helped Mr. Liu to get a truer idea of the meaning of the missionary enterprise and how it is financed and managed. Soon after his return he said, "I consider it my duty to tell what I have seen and among other things I hope to give the people of my own country a clearer conception of the Ohristian movement. Many of my people say that missionaries are here as agents of capitalistic governments and supported by strong financial concerns but I have learned the truth of the matter and will tell them that it is only the sacrifice and generosity of Christian people in the West that has made the missionary movement possible." And as we have heard his addresses since his return we 'are thoroughly convinced that he was right when he said that God had a purpose in the journey and we believe that his message on his return is proving even a greater inspiration than was his message to the people of the West. His own faith has been increased and his purpose to spend his time and talents for the Lord has been strengthened. The disturbed condition of the country has greatly interfered with his business and competition has taken away part of his trade but nothing has in any way lessened his desire and determination to spend his life in the service of God and his fellowmen. He sometimes speaks of giving up active business life and going into more direct work for the Church and if that is the way the Lord is leading him he will certainly follow it and God can make him even a greater blessing there than in the sphere that he has already occupied.

The problem of the mission field is to make the Church indigenous and in this one is greatly heartened by association with a man like Mr. Liu. While being ever ready to acknowledge the debt which China owes to missionaries, and realizing that their services are still necessary, he insists that the Chinese Christians should go to the limit of their ability to support their own work. In face of the anti- Christian movement which is abroad he continues to inspire his fellow Christians to aggressive effort believing that the gospel message is what China needs. He has faith in the ultimate triumph of truth and the realization of the Kingdom of God in his own land.

"All who look to the Lord have light in their faces!" is the Chinese version of the text: ' , They looked unto Him and were lightened." One woman who had been welcomed at the first meeting she attended, attributed her conversion to their kindly words. She had said to herself: "I must go again, and hear more of the doctrine that makes people kind."

EGATES AT THE EL PASO CON FERENCE ON ~mXICAN

Studying Mexican Relations at El Paso A ConfeTence to P 'urther InlerTu cial (JJnd International Goodwill BY COE HAYN E, NEW YORK T HE influence of the recent EI Paso Conference on the future development of work among Mexicans will doubtless be felt by all forward-looking organizations which have contacts with the Spanish-speaking people north of the Rio Grande. The conference, held December 11 to 16, 1926, to consider questions relating to the social, religious, educational and economic welfare of Mexicans and Spanish-Americans in the United States, met the anticipation of its sponsors in the matter of attendance and interest. Not only were the church boards affiliating with the Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions well represented, but present also to participate in the discussions were several officers in the departments of education and health and labor bureaus of some of the border states, as well as members of the faculty of state and denominational colleges. That these agencies met to consider their common problems open-mindedly and mutually sympathetic is in itself epochal in the history of interdenominational cooperation.

Radically transforming results arising from the conference were not predicated by its sponsors. A unity that resides in the desire cooperatively to find and face the facts presented by the five commissions that carried on a pre-conference study of the major problems affecting Mexicans and Spanish-Americans in the United States 110

'STUDYING MEXl:cAN RELATIONS AT EL PASO

was namea as a cherished goal by Dr. Charles E. Vermilya, conference chairman, in his introductory remarks. ""Ve may not all interpret the facts in the same way," he said. ""Ve ('an at least be charitable and sympathetic toward each other, and the presence in EI Paso of any delegate is evidence of a mutual interm;t in a common cause. "Ve meet not to discredit any organization, social or religious, but to . discover, if possible, the privileges to which Mexicans and Spanish- Americans, who are a part of our common social life, are entitled, and the means by which these can be provided. This conference ought to make allies of many who heretofore have had very little to do with each other."

While missionary projects of an evangelistic and educational nature had a generous hearing, these questions did not receive an undue share of the time given over to open discussion. The conference was defined by Dr. Worth M. Tippy, who represented the Ifederal Oouncil of Ohurches at EI Paso, as concerned with the "totality of the lives" of members of the racial group under scrutiny and as one of the most important within recent years. "We have posflibly two and a half million Mexicans in the United States," said Dr. Tippy. "These workers are absolutely essential to our industries. They are here with their wives and little ones. They deserve the best our civilization has to offer, and it is to our interest to give it to them. These great money-spending boards are interested not alone in the spiritual and intellectual progress of these people but in the totality of their lives. This is shown by the studies that have been under way for months in preparation for the conference. Nothing better indicates the revolution which has taken place in the scope and interests of religious work during the last quarter century."

That the discussions were confined to vital matters may be seen by a perusal of some of the questions raised. The following are fairly representative: Leadership: Is present leadership adequate? Is it adequately trained ~ What is the place of the Mexican leaded The Spanish- American leaded The Anglo-American leaded Is adequate provision available for training leaders ~ Is the interdenominational training of leaders feasible? What steps should be taken to provide training for leaders? Are salaries adequate? What is the relationship between rate of salary and effectiveness of work?

Interdenominational cooperation: How much is desirable and feasible? What things can be done better interdenominationally~ What things better by denominational groups? What are the pres- ent comity arrangements r Are they being carried out effectively1 What llew arrangements should be made? Are there present cases of denominational overlapping? How can these be corrected 1 How can they be' avoided in the future~ Local church programs: What is the usual type of local church

program in a Spanish-American or ~Iexican church 1 Is it adequate ~ 'What are its strong points and what are its weak ones ~ Is there adequate help for putting the program iuto operation'? ·What modification should be made! What provision is lllade for training local leaders 1 Is the preaching' of a satisfactory and worthy character? Is the church school on a creditable basis"/ Is attention given to young people's organizations fAre clubs and similar organizations provided for boys and girls 1 Is week-day religious instruction a factor of the work~ Are daily vacation church schools feasible and how can they best be promoted and conducted 1 The Mexican industrially: How shall our schools, our churches, our community houses make any impression upon Mexicans who move constantly from place to place f What shall we say of an economic system which, by the very nature of the case, makes homes impossible? What have you to say about the little children who toil in the beet-fields f What shall we do for people who live upon wheels 1 The Mexicarn and his comm~£nity life: What can the church do to persuade !lgricultural companies to provide adequate housing for their employees? How can we create in our people a desire for better homes? Is the Mexican a homogeneous element in our national life? If not so now, is he likely to become so, How does he measure up to our American standards-economic, social, racial ¥ What is your church, or your community house doing to help him fit in? What values does the Mexican bring with him which can be contributed to our American life? How are the factors of a steady and living wage, home ownership, and the attitude of the American community to be evaluated as helping or hindering his adjustment to American life f The Rev. Vicente Mendoza, native Methodist pastor of Mexico City, and Jose Kelly, general delegate of the Mexican Federation of Labor, both shed light on the religio-political situation in Mexico. They urged the necessity of time and patience on the part of all concerned in the working out of the ideals of the Calles government in its heroic struggle to direct affairs in Mexico to the end that Mexico may make a positive contribution to the civil, industrial and cultural progress of the world in spite of the inimical alien forces that steadfastly refuse to release their grip upon her life-sources.

More humanitarian methods in the deportation of Mexicans from the United States were recommended by the conference; also that the United States and Mexico appoint a joint commission on emigration and immigration "to recommend to their respective governments appropriate legislation" regarding immigration policies.

The conference expressed its desire "to urge upon our government that its relations with Mexico be developed in an atmosphere of sympathy and mutual goodwill, and that all questions at issue be approached with exceeding patience and resolved through conference and discussion."

CHURCH· OF THE BRETHREN MISSION SCHOOL AT GARKIDA, NORTHERN

WEST AFRICA, A JOURNEY OF 1030 MILES FROM THE WEST COAST.

The picture shows the boys and the girls and the school in September. 1925. (Those. kneeling In front row are girls.) Why I Like My Missionary Job BY ALBERT D. HELSER, F.R.G.S., NIGERIA, WEST AFRICA Author of "In Sunny Nigeria"

JAMES GORDON BENNETT sent Henry M. Stanley into Central 1frica with the commission: "Find Livingstone, never mind t~~ cost; find Livingstone and bring him back." The Word of Jesus Christ to His Church is, "Find lost men; never mind the cost; find them and bring them back to Me,"

With this in mind H. Stover Kulp from the University of Pennsylvania and the writer, from rreachers College, Columbia University, traVeled a thousand miles into the interior of North Central Africa.

On a crisp November morning we set our faces toward the land of our heart's desire. Six years in college and graduate work had made me a little impatient to be off.

By steamer to England and then on to Nigeria; by train, Ford, horseback or on foot we traveled 1,109 miles into the interior and located at Garkida, Northeastern Nigeria, south of Lake Cht!9. 1,030 miles from the West Coast.

The shadows of disease and death stalk everywherel,tmong.;.the pagans of North Central Africa and there are no cities of refuge. I visited a village which was deserted because of smallpox. Those 113 3

who were able to go had fled to new quarters; they were helpless and hopeless. As we went near the door of a hut we heard a voice and saw a form of a woman blinded and disfigured with smallpox. There were dead to be buried with few to bury them. A few months before we had seen bodies twisted with cerebro-spinal meningitis. Lepers with bleeding hands and feet cry out for help from many a gateway. Little children scream and groan from the torture of heathen practices.

'llhere are many languages in Central Africa and this creates a tremendous difficulty. In the Bura tribe where we are located the people knew nothing of a written language. There is no Bible, no school books, nothing on paper.

A BURA COMPOUND IN THE MIDDLE OF A CORNFIELD

WHY I LIKE MY MISSIONARY JOB

Ignorance, polygamy and devil worship in their worst fOl'ms a 1'0 entrenched as deep as hell itself. I like my missionary job because it is a commission from my Master Himself, and because it is difficult but what gives a greater thrill is to realize that there is hope of victOl'Y· The doctor vaccinated the children and some grown people in that small deserted village and we told them of the hope. Some were delivered from an awful death and told of a Saviour's love.

011e father came running after us V~ as we left. A child was in his arms and the father begged that delivering medicine might be ad- ministered. Lepers are being treated and some are showing marked improvement. The new ray of hope has put a new gleam in their eyes and a smile on their faces. Little children are exchang- ing their screams of despair ror I';ongs of joy and hope and their groans for loving words and prayers to Jesus Christ.

The language is being reduced to writing and the gospels are heing tmnslated into Bura and are print~d by the British and For- eign Bible Society. Ignorance is beginning to give way. Ninety- four boys and sixteen girls have been enrolled in our mission school and have learned to read. There LI'rTLE MOSE]SS 1IlJTNriGo~O SEE WHAT are small beginnings in industrial education. The missionary doctor gives regular instruction in sani- tation and hygiene.

Harmful social customs and superstitions are giving way. Young men are beginning to refuse the urge of their parents to take the second wife. Men who three years ago marched around the moun- tain and called for rain are now quietly kneeling in our little church and praying to God for rain. Some who watched through the long nights in fear of evil spirits now say the Lord's Prayer and "lie down to pleasant dreams." It is a joy to serve Christ in Central Africa. Hopes are begin- ning to' be realized and new and larger hopes are being born all the time.

I like my missionary job because it has a great future. As we

write on the tablet of the hearts of the youth we are determining the future of the nation. VlTe hope to see established a training center for teachers and preachers that will wield a determining influence over millions of men who are now pagans and Mohammedans. There is a great opportunity in our pagan area to win the people to Christ before they have been mis- led into accepting another religion.

'1'he1'e is a great field before us. More missionaries are needed in Nigeria. For 200 miles to the north and 1,000 miles to the east there are only two Lutheran mis- sionaries. This field needs men who know Christ and will obey His Word.

A few weeks ago I was preach- ing near a sacred lake in Buraland and a horseman called for me to come quickly for a woman had been caught and mangled by a crocodile.

I found her in awful agony. A great chunk of flesh had been bit- ten from her hip and there were THREETE~r;[R~r;.r!i6c~.ftk~r;; ON other big wounds on her legs. We $ ~' did our best but she died. When we asked about killing the crocodile they said, "Oh no, it may have the spirit of a man in it and he would die." This is one of the super- stitions that need to be changed. With God's help the time is not far distant when a woman will be of more value than many crocodiles.

I like my job because it is God's work; it is difficult; it is needed; it is hopeful; it is worth doing.

SEED THOUGHTS FOR MISSIONARY SPEAKERS "The only relationship big enough for one man is all the rest of mankind. " "It is of less consequence what truth a man holds than what truth holds the man." "The consecrated missionary church is not a cistern, but a living fountain. " "No interest in missions ~ The only explanation is either inexcusable ignorance or willful disobedience." "The man who does not believe in missions had better burn up his New Testament, for it is a record of missions." "This work of missions is the biggest, the most far-reaching, most divine task that confronts the twentieth-century man."

Mohammed to

A Testimony by an Indian Mohammedan Who Is Now a Christian Student in America BY RABIB YlUSUFJI, PRINCETON, NEW .TERSElY W HILE I do not know the date and circumstances of my birth, I know that I was born about thirty years ago in that ancient and "holy" city of Ujjain, in the state of Gwalior, about five huudred miles northeast of Bombay. My parents belonged to a very strict sect of Shiah Mohammedans, known in India as Bohra-a sect which forbids its male adherents to trim their beards, to use intoxicating liquors or drugs, to smoke or chew tobacco. Women must not go unveiled in public, and both sexes are required to meet the appointed hours of prayer, and to observe the month of fasting and other Moslem customs.

When 1 was about six years of age, my family moved to Basim, a town farther south, where my father was employed by a cloth merchant. Soon I was placed in a grade school, under the guidance of Mohammedan teachers. I still remember the remarks which my father made as he introduced me to my instructor: "Sahib, here is my boy. All the flesh belongs to you, and all the bones belong to me." The teacher saw to it that I did not put on too much flesh by freely applying his professional cane to my tender hide.

While I was a pupil in the fourth grade, a terrible plague broke out in Basim and we were ordered to flee to the open country. My father, being a fatalistic Moslem, believed that nothing could harm a man without the will of Allah, so he kept on attending to business as usual. As a result, my father died of plague, leaving behind him five helpless dependents. My mother came with her four children to live at the home of my maternal uncle in the village of Rustumpur, Central Provinces, where she performed "the widow's rite," by dressing herself in white garments (a sign of deep mourning) and remaining in a state of seclusion for about four months and ten days.

After staying with my uncle for eight months, I returned to Basim, and worked as a page, assistant cook, nurse and errand boy for the same family that had employed my father. A little later on I was asked to continue my schooling, and began studying English. Being separated from my mother made me long in my heart to see her once more, but one day a postal card from my unele announced her marriage to a man in Bombay. Grief so overwhelmed me that I went to a well, determined to end my life. Just as I was about to throw myself in, I seemed to hear a small voice pleading with me not to commit that awful deed. After a brief meditation, I yielded to its pleadings.

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When another plague broke out in Basim, I had to leave the town and this ended my schooling as I was about to finish the sixth grade. I went to Rustumpur to stay with my uncle who was very prosperous. Soon he made arrangements for the wedding of his younger brother, and at the same time solemnized my marriage to his own daughter, a girl of about ten, though we did not live together as husband and wife due to our minority.

I continued to live with my uncle, that I might pay the debt which he thought lowed him, for giving me his beautiful daughter, thereby losing a chance to make seven hundred rupees.

He treated me as his hired man, and soon showed a spirit of tyranny. One day he beat my younger brother so severely that he cried out for some one to deliver him from the blows that made the poor boy's body black and blue. I rushed into the barn and picked up a piece of firewood, which'

I threw at my uncle with such force and accuracy that he was laid up in bed for several days. I fled from my father-in-law's house and on the way met my paternal uncle who begged me to come to his house. A telegram was sent to my mother and stepfather to come down and settle the family quarrel. The truce was declared and my father-in-law requested me to write out a bill of divorce for my girl wife. I did not do it at that time- HABIB YUSUFJI for which later I was sorry. .My younger brother and I were expelled from my father-in-Iaw's roof and we returned to the city of Ujjain where we were employed by a merchant to go to the Island of Lombok, nearly five hundred miles from Australia. I went out immediately to become bookkeeper for the firm and my brother was to follow later with my employer. After a long voyage I arrived at Ampenan, Lombok, to find that I was not yet fitted for such a re- sponsible task. The man in charge of the concern asked me to tutor his son in thc Koran. 'rhc lad waR spoilcd by self-indulgence and after sevet"UI weeks J gave llim lip as a llOpeless casco I took n stcamer for Sillgaporc I1111I fOllnd clllploymcllt as a cook ill a llonw where I had stopped as a guest on the way out.

During the last month of my year's contract, my Mohammedan-

l<"'ROM MOHAMMED 'fO CHRIST

polygamist-priest-merchant-employer left his place of business for a pilgrimage to Mecca. He never came back alive, and as soon as the report of his death reached Singapore, the business was closed. I invested my salary in merchandise to peddle from one street corner to another. My younger brother arrived, and as the life was too strenuous for him in Singapore, I found steady employment for him in a neighboring city.

My life as a peddler was full of hardships~ with very little income. Another young man and I entered into partnership and traveled far and wide, through jungles and on the water. We were told there were ample opportunities to acquire wealth in China, so we sold all our goods at auction and bought tickets for Hongkong. Our trip turned out to be a fool's errand, and we returned to Singapore. We secured. employment as cooks on a steamer carrying oil to England.

In the latter part of December, 1912, we sailed from Singapore and came to Cardiff, Wales. We were horrified when we learned there that our next trip was to be to America. The Bengalese Sunnite Mohammedan seamen had no use for us, who were Shiah Mohammedans from Western India. The rough ocean in the month of January made it very difficult to prepare meals on time, but whether seasick or not, I had to feed the hungry mob. Daily insults and abuses were increasing.

When we reached Philadelphia I decided to run away, though I had insufficient clothing and, as it was February, the weather was unspeakably cold. I had to walk fast to keep myself from freezing. After many hours' wandering, I came, hungry, cold and exhausted, to the custom house where I saw a group of laborers unloading a freight car. A colored man, with a kindly face, gave me a'dime to buy something to eat in a lunch room, but it did not satisfy completely the hunger I had. It began to rain again and I felt chilled more and more. I asked the same colored man if he could find me a place to sleep and he agreed to take me to his own home. He gave me some clean clothes, including an American shirt, which I wore with the shirt-tails on the outside, much to the amusement of the young couple.

At supper I did not touch the meat because I was afraid it might be pork, which is not permitted to Mohammedans. After a short period of rest which I had needed greatly, I obtained work as a street cleaner at thirteen cents an hour. Being discouraged at the prospect of becoming wealthy, I decided to leave Philadelphia and wandered to Freeport, Long Island and Garden City Estates, L. 1., until I arrived in New York City.

One Sunday afternoon I came near a group of boys who had been gambling on the bank of the river. They robbed me of some sixty cents, which I had in my vest pocket, but failed to find three or four dollar bills in my coat pocket. I was so terrified with New York

that I left it the next day, finding a job on the Lackawanna Railroad at Analomink, near Stroudsburg. I worked in a stone quarry until the laborers went on strike a few weeks later. 'l'hen I returned once more to New York and was employed by the Erie Railroad to go to Union City to work on the section gang. I was given an old freight car for living headquarters, but one ni~ht was sufficient, as I found there unmentionable creatures ready for a real feast t I was impelled to return to Jamestown and that proved to be the turning point of my life. I found work in a table factory, where my fellow workers became friendly, though sometimes their influence was not of the best. I began to drift away from some of the teachings of my early home life and Mohammedanism. 11:y fellowlaborers told me that liquor was the thing that kept them warm in winter and cool in summer and, once having acquired the taste for it, I began to drink more and more. After a few months, some of the young men asked me to go with them to a night school. One day I saw a man from my own country, and found that he was an agent for the Salada Tea Company earning a very substantial salary each week. He told me I could do the same if I went to 8J school for about three years to learn English. Money was the thing I wanted, but I had no idea where I could get the education. Some Albanian boys in the factory asked me to come to the Y. M. C. A. each Sunday night where they learned something about the Bible, taught in very simple English. I laid aside my religious scruples so as to learn the langllage to help me in business.

One Sunday night, Mr. Baldwin, the leader of the meeting, invited me in his class and gave me a copy of the New 'restament. I had never handled the Bible with such a willingness to learn something about the Book as I did that night. The kind and sympathetic interest of MI'. Baldwin in my affairs led me to open my heart and tell him about my joys and troubles. He had a deep passion for souls and I shall never forget the night when he told me in his gentle way that Christ was the Son of God. To me it sounded utter blasphemy because as a boy I was taught that there was no God but Allah and that he neither begets nor is he begotten. If a similar statement had been made by another person I almost would have been ready to fight with him. When Eastertime came, Mr. Baldwin asked me if I would like to join the Church, but I was by no means ready to accept the Christian faith, then. Night after night at the close of the service he would tell me more about Jesus and about the lost condition of my so111 without Him. Roth he and Mrs. Baldwin kept on praying for me.

One day T asked Mr. Baldwin if tllere was any dtanee for me to go to a school. He said" Surely, thcre is a place wl1ere they take care of boys in your condition and that is Oberlin Academy, Ohio, where one of your Albanian friends entered just recently." The season

FROM MOHAMMED TO CHRIST

was SO far advanced that I could not get in that year, but I made arrangements with some teachers in the town to give me private lessons in grammar and arithmetic. The first year in Oberlin was especially hard because of my unfamiliarity with the language.

The greatest thing that happened to me the next year was my decision for Christ. One night I went to hear Dr. Sherwood Eddy and towards the close of his talk he made an appeal to us to decide what we would do with our lives. I went to my room and struggled to find out what my life was to be. Hitherto I had worshipped gold with all the passion of my heart, but after having been at Oberlin with some of the finest Christian boys and girls of America, I began to realize that money was not everything in life. I saw America's real greatness lay in its ideals and these ideals had for their foundation Christianity, or, to be more definite, Christ. I realized that Hinduism and Mohammedanism were not enough to meet the deepest spiritual and material needs of the land of my birth. I thought of the wretched condition of the millions of outcasts whom I was taught to despise and regard worse than dogs. I realized that if I were to help India truly it must be through Christ. But how could I become a Christian ~ I had been married to a girl in India-my first cousin. Could I be disloyal to the faith of my ancestors, betraying the confidence my mother had in me ~ Would it be worth while to return to India as a Christian, only to be put to death by one of my fanatical fellow-countrymen ~ As I pondered upon these problems certain verses of the Bible came to my help: .

"What shall it profit a man if he gain the whole world and lose his own soul? "

"Seek ye first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things shall be added unto you."

"He that loveth father and mother more than me is not worthy of me." "He that taketh not his cross and followeth after me is not worthy of me." "He that findeth his life shall lose it, and he that loseth his life for my sake shall find it."

But there was on my heart the burden of sin. The more I read the Bible and studied the matchless and sinless life of Christ, the more I realized how great a sinner I was. But when I learned that the Lord Jesus had come into the world to give His very life on the cross in behalf of sinners, I found new hope and comfort. After waiting on God for some time that night, I rose from my knees, having made a surrender of my life to the will of my Saviour.

Next I went to Mount Hermon School, founded by D. L. Moody. During the junior year, there came to me the sad news of the death of my youuger brother, and my mother urged me to return to India. Soon after this, my only sister died-a victim of child-marriage. I felt it my duty as a Christian to have my marriage to my uncle's

daughter annulled by declaring myself, in a letter to my mother, uncle and the "pope" of our sect, dead to the Moslem faith. ,The word "dead" was taken literally and my girl-wife mourned for me as a widow for the usual period.

After graduating from Mount Hermon School with the class of 1919, I went to Gordon College of Theology and Missions in Boston and received the degree of Bachelor of Theology. In the fall of 1923, I entered Colgate University and was given the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1925. Since then, I have been a student in Princeton Theological Seminary and received the degree of Master of Theology last May. It is now my purpose, God willing, to spend three more years for advanced studies in America and then to return to India in the service of Christ and my fellow countrymen.

It is my prayer that those who have read this story may be encouraged in the faith that Christ can save and save to the utmost; that as He has transformed lives in the past, He can do so in this twentieth century; that when everything else fails, prayers prevail; that with God nothing is impossible. His Spirit can bring even a Mohammedan, a lost sinner like myself, to rejoice in the peace and salvation which Christ alone can give to a human heart.

A MOSLEM PREACHER CONVE:RTED A few years ago a preacher of Islam, sent by a Mohammedan missionary society to Bulandshahr, in the United Provinces, India, was brought under Christian influence. As he read the Bible, a new light seemed to dawn upon him and he began to see the beauty of Christ. He said, "The teachings of Islam, which before this seemed to me most fascinating and which I have hitherto preached with glory, now appear to me abominable." What attracted him specially to study Christianity was the testimony of a worker to the effect that Christ not only forgives sin, but also gives us power to overcome sin. When he was convinced of the infinite superiority of Christ over Mohammed he at once sent in his resignation to the Mohammedan missionary society. A number of moulvies argued with him and tried to dissuade him from becoming a Chl·istian. But the more they tried to dissuade him the more he seemed to be drawn towards Christianity. After several months of study, during which he endured many privations, he was baptized. His one great desire is to dedicate himself to God's true service in His Bon Jesus Christ.-Church Missionary Society Gleaner.

Turkestan

BY G. W. HUNTER, TIWAHFU, SINKIANG Missionary of the China Inland Mission, 1889- CHINESE Turkestan is a large tract of country extending far into Central,Asia, from the province of Kansu (China proper) to the province of Ferghana in Asiatic Russia (a distance of about 1,100 English miles), and from the borders of rribet north to the province of Semipalatinsk in Siberia, a distance of some 560 miles. The total area of Chinese Turkestan is about 550,590 square miles. The T'sien Shan Mountains almost cut this large tract of land in two, thus separating the Taklamakan desert on the south, from the Zungarian plain on the north. The eastern part of the province encloses a great part of the Shamo or Gobi Desert.

The T'ien Shan Mountains and those on the borders of Tibet, Kashmir and Fergahana, almost encircle the Taklamakan Desert, and during the cold seasons of autumn and winter they store up a great supply of snow, which in the spring and summer melts and rushes down in scores of rivers and streams towards this great sea of sand. These valuable waters, however, are not all lost in the sand for they are caught and turned into irrigation canals and water-courses which in turu fertilize the lands of many cities, villages and thousands of farms, in this western portion of the province.

The inhabitants of these cities, villages and farms are called Sarts by the Russians; and Ch'an T'eo by the Chinese. The latter name meaning wrap heads, this name is given them because of their custom of wrapping large white turbans round their heads.

With the exception of the Swedish Missionary Society in the cities of Kashgar, Yangi-Hissar, and Yarkand, in the far west of the province, there are no Protestant Christian missions at work in all this large district. In the above stations, school, medical, literary, evangelistic and pastoral work has been carried on for quite a number of years, sometimes under difficulties, yet not without a measure of success. The above society also has a printing press where portions of Scripture, Christian literature, tracts and school books, etc., are printed.

Pioneer work amongst the Sart people is not at all easy, and some of us have experienced a good deal of opposition and even personal violence when trying to preach the Gospel in some of the large eities. However, many pltrtions of Scripture and tract" have been distributed, and many of the people know about the Gospel. In some iustances this colportage work has heen a belp, and in others it has raised more opposition, especially when the people understood that the Gospel declared that Jesus was the Son of God.

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In the northwestern portion of Chinese Turkestan, there is a district extending from Barakul westward to Kulja, a distance of some 600 miles. Here also the accumulated snows of the T'ien Shan Mountains melt in summer and swell the rivers which run northward toward Zungaria, supplying large cities, hamlets and fa rms with precious water. There are also many Sarts in this district, still the greater part of the population is composed of Chinese and Chinese Mohammedans. The latter are called Tongans..

In this large district there is only one mission station, at Urum- chi, the capital of the province.

This city is called Tiwahfu by the Chinese. From this center a goo~ deal of itinerant work is carried on; and most of the large cities in the district are visited. Our methods of work have been itiner- ant, colportage, evangelistic and pastoral, together with a little medical work.

The work has been specially difficult, partly owing to the opium habit and gross immorality which prevail so much amongst the peo- ple, along with the rush for gain and the shifting nature of the population.

There are a few baptized Christians here in Urumchi but so AN OLD STYLE MONGOL OFFI CIAL far the church membership is very small. In this district there are not only Chinese and Tongans but also a large number of nomad Qazaq Mohammedans, and Mongols. In the winter time the Qazaqs spread about over Zungaria but in summer they go to the heights of the T'ien Shan, IIi, Tarabaghatai and Altai mountains. -""Ve have also tried to do colportage and evangelistic work amongst the Qazaqs and as a rule (although very wild), we find them more open to the Gospel than are the Sarts and 'fongans. Until some few year s ago they had never had the Scriptures in their own tongue, but lately the British and Foreign Bible Society have come to our aid and printed gospels in the Qazaq dialeet.

M ONGOLS The various tribes of Mongols are Torgut, Zungar, Chukllar and Uranghai. The To.rguts are mostly in the Kal'ashar district and in the Sour and Tarabaghatai mountains. The Zungars are about the

927] CHINESE TURKESTAN

Kash River and in the district west of IIi, the Chakhars at Bortala, northwest of IIi, and the Ul'anghai mostly in the Altai and Kobdo districts. We have tried to do a little itinerant, colportage and medical work amongst the Mongols, and have made quite a few friends amongst them. The British and Foreign Bible Society has supplied us with gospels both in the Kalmuk and Halha Mongol dialects, also in Tibetan which is understood by many of the Mongolian priests.

MANCHUS There are also three different tribes of Manchus in the IIi dis- trict j namely, Manchu, Sipo and Soluen. The Sipo and Soluen are mostly farmers dwelling on the south side of the IIi River and as a l"Ule only speak Manchu. The Manchus are mostly soldiers and policemen in the IIi and Chuguchak cities. Many of them ctm speak ,Chinese though they read Manchu.

'1.'he British and Foreign Bible Society has also printed the Gospels especially for these peo- ple, as they are the only Manchus who still speak their own native tongue.

During the years since the Chinese Republic was inaugurated, the Manchus have suffered finan- cially and otherwise, so that some of the Manchu cities that were for- merly wealthy and prosperous are now in ruins. Owing to the vast extent of this province and the many different tribes and different languages, the few missionaries now in the province are not nearly TO NGAN MOHAMME.DAN adequate for the great need.

'fhere are only two missionaries in the eastern district, separated from those in the west by a hard journey of fort y-five stages, over 1,000 miles in all. The work is difficult and the pioneer will be sure to encounter hardships in traveling, loneliness and opposition, etc., but this is what may be expected in all such pioneer work and should not discourage but rather inspire those who are called by God to service in far-off corners of His vineyard.

A MOTOR BOAT APPROACHING NANl'HNG

N anning-A City in China BY H. LECHMERE CLHvr, FORMERI,Y OF NANNING, WEST RIVER, CHINA nACITY in China is a conglomeration of souls who live their nar- row colorless lives, and whose fathers lived similar existences, before them, century after century. The white man comes from a far country and settles in their midst and tells them a strange story, nineteen hundred years old, and they do not believe him; but in so far as they can make use of him they do. But there are some who seek for the things that matter, and a little church gathers round the Christian missionary in time.

It was such a city to which the writer went nearly twenty years ago, with the idea of preaching the Gospel and,healing the sick. , The American, who was then the only foreign resident, beside the Roman Catholics, gave the Englishman the right hand of fellowship: the stranger had nothing, when he arrived, and did not know where he might that night lay his head: he had no Society and no Board behind him. Before a year had passed the doctor had a temporary hospital with three beds, a well-stocked dispensary, a small chapel, and a Chinese house adapted so that he and his wife could live in it, with comfort. Meanwhile the city, though more than 500 miles from the 126

NANNING-A CITY IN CHINA

coast, had been opened as a Treaty Port, and the doctor was earning a competence as Customs Medical Officer.

This city, Nanning, is now not only advanced to be an open port, but has become the capital of the Province of Kwangsi. Motor boats connect the city with the outside world, as well as with the cities on the borders of Tonkin and Yunnan. Business men have been keen to seize every opportunity open to commerce, but the Church of Ohrist has practically left the few missionaries alone, in a field more needy and neglected than any in China, while opportunities pass never to return. Weare undermanned, overworked and hampered on all sides for want of adequate support.

It seems as if throughout all heathen lands there is the same bitter cry, "Can the Church of Christ do nothing more for a lost world?"

We dare to say that there is no portion of the world more needy than Nanning, eastwards for two hundred, and westwards for six hun- dred miles.

This c.ity, being the capital of Kwangsi, draws students not only from all parts of this province but from the adjoining towns in other provinces as well. These students petitioned the writer again and again to open an English school-they asked him till they were weary and he became ashamed. An Anglo-Chinese college would get into grip with these future leaders of the nation, an<d bring them into touch with Christ as nothing else could; but there are no reinforce- ment to take this wonderful opportunity, and those men pass out of reach, and the missionaries get a reputation for weakness and inef- ficiency. < There are many baby girls born every day, who are "not wanted," and are disposed of by their parents in one way or anoth(jr.

We give public notice that we will take in these castaways: they are brought in readily enough until our inadequate staff can deal with no more, and babies have to be turned away-turned away to what? < We dare not stop to think. The neighbors mutter, "They promise to receive them and then when we bring them they won't have them!

What people!"

A third e~erience and a very bitter one: from the beginning we have desired earnestly to build an asylum for the poor wretched lepers of these parts. This opportunity has gone-how7 Because the lepers have been burnt alive! Impossible! Only too horribly possible. While we Christians were waiting for money and helpers to carry out our scheme of mercy, the Chinese authorities dealt with the problem in their own fashion. If you were to take a walk outside the north gate of the neighboring city of Lungchou, you would come across a mound. Ask the passers-by what it means and they would tell you that that mound covers a ditch with the ashes of more than a hundred lepers, men, women and children. These were enticed to

this spot by promises of rice. The poor lepers came, all unsuspecting, probably several of the children still untainted by the disease. A great ditch had been dug and soldiers were waiting who at a signal surrounded the crowd and fired into them. Dead, wounded, and living were then shoveled into the ditch; kerosene oil was poured over them, and the pile set alight.

This method of segregation in South China has occurred twice. '1'he latest instance was when the leper" village," outside the city, was surrounded, and the inhabitants, men, women, children and babies, forced into a deep trench and similarly burned to death. A THE EMMANUEL MEDIOAL MISSION IN NANNING European resident who knew the facts warned me not to write of them, as he said, "You can't expect the people at home to believe these things."

The larger human problem arrests our attention every day in Nanning. A medley of races jostle one another in the narrow streets: not only representatives from everyone of the eighteen provinces, but others who are not Chinese at all, though they dress as such and appear to be the same. They are the original natives, who were in possession when the Chinese came down a thousand years ago, and who are similar in race to the T 'ai and Shan families who inhabit Tonkin, Siam and Burma. There are millions of these left in Kwangsi, Kweichow and Yunnan, whose evangelization has

1927J NANNING-A C'ITY IN CHINA

hardly been attempted. Their languages and habits are distinctly non-Chinese, and they are on the other hand separate from the Miao and other aboriginees. These millions present the biggest problem that the Church of Christ has to face. An American, the late Rev. Clifton Dodd, who traveled overland from North Siam to Nanning told the writer that he was the first missionary he had encounteredhis whole journey had been through unoccupied, untouched fields. The Christian Alliance Mission has two men in Annam to work among the twenty millions of the T 'ai races there.

We have mapped out our own "parish" as running from Nanning, along the right branch of the West River, to the borders of Yunnan; we have even rented a house in the big "unoccupied" city of Poseh, a great trade mart and future railway center, but our small forces are tied hand and foot to Nanning and we cannot move. There are now in Nanning three British missionaries, four American Christian Alliance workers and six Seventh Day Adventists. Restricted as we are from want of workers we are using to the utmost what forces we have.

But though the doctor cannot get out to the people, as he would like to do, they come to him from hundreds of miles around and listen to what he has to say. Then the sufferers go back to their distant homes with their hearts open to new influences, with ingnorance and prejudice largely removed. The soil has been prepared, and perhaps the people of that village are ready to turn an attentive ear to the Christian message; but who is there to follow up the work, to sow the seed and water iU Our schools have worked miracles. To understand what this means one must know Nanning-its incredible ignorance, prejudice and apathy; but to see all these characteristics in their extreme one would have to live here. These people all speak a corrupt form of Northern Mandarin, being descendants of soldiers from Shantung and Chekiang, who were sent here by the then Emperor nine centuries ago to quell a local rebellion. They settled here with their families, the idea of the government being to form a nucleus of loyal population. If these worthy folk were at all like their descendants of today they must have been quite "safe"-too narrow and apathetic to be disloyal!

The adults are indifferent to the Gospel but what a mighty difference our coming here has made to the children! And yet we have no funds to build a boarding school; and that is almost a necessity for permanent results.

We who know the filth, the sordidness, the brutality of these homes can only marvel at the change in children, who every evening have to go back to their heathen surroundings and take in afresh their soul-destroying influences.

Some of our boys and girls have already a real personal knowl- 4

edge of the Lord Jesus-their dress, their looks, their manner reveal it. Even in the early days, when a few dirty ragamuffins came every morning to learn hymns and get picture cards, there was a dawning of the fact that the teaching of the Lord makes for righteousness: one little girl screaming on the street in one of those frenzies, common to the women of these parts, was seen by a companion, who, wonderful to relate, was shocked and surprised and exclaimed, "and you sing J esus!" It is the children who can understand the beauty and simplicity of the Truth, their minds not yet clouded and shrivelled like those of their elders, by the constant nerve-racking fear of demons. They are excellent missionaries, too, f or they chatter of everything that they hear and observe. Two of our pupils, on a visit to country relatives, were asked questions about the "Doctrine"; this they were delighted to explain according to their light.

There is a great opportunity in Nanning, and indeed throughout China, for the simple preaching of the Gospel of Christ But our buildings are too small to hold our congregations. The people are coming to hear as never before. Even Nanning feels the thrill that is sweeping over China, as the old ideals, habits, methods go; and they are crying out for they know not what. We know. 'Ve have seen the discarded idols broken by the roadside. Nothing but the Living Christ can satisfy China's great need.

MRS. CLIFT AN D A CIDNESE BIBLEWOMAN

Effects of Chinese Turmoil

Missions RECENT REPORTS FROM PROTESTANT MISSIONARY SOCIETIES AS TO TUEIR WORKERS AND STATIONS American Advent M. S.-Chao-hsien (Anhwei). Hospital closed. New station to be opened. Wuhu, (Anhwei). Student strike in academy. Now quiet. Chinese friendly. Church stronger.

American Board C. F. M.-North China Mission (Stations in Chihli, Shansi and Shantung) in war area. Some interruption of work and in touring. Main Chinese attitude friendly. Some disturbance from "Youth Move- ment." In Fukien District. Missionaries robbed by bandits. Some unfriendli- ness. Christians taking more responsibility.

American Baptist F. JI, S.-Only disturbance reported is attack on Prof. George B. 'Cressey of Shanghai while on tour. General attitude of Chinese is friendly.

Amel'ican Bible' Society.-Colporteurs report difficlllty from bandits but therc is progress in Scripture distribution.

American Protestant Episc()pal Missi()n.-Chief disturbance in Nanchang (Kiangsi) and Wuchang (Hupeh). For about six weeks work was suspended except in Wuchang hospital. School and parish house occupied by soldiers during siege. Buildings damaged by shells. Bishop Gilman's work recog- nized by Government. Bishop of Hankow robbed.

American Friends (Ohio)-Kiangsu. No interference. Chinese friendly.

American Friends Bd. F. M.-Chengtu, Szechwan. Some interference. Stu- dent strike. University closed.

British Friends F. M. A.-In Chungking, (Szechwan) last September, soldiers interfered with mission and threatened missionaries. Chinese teacher beaten. Conditions more quiet but stm dfficult. Mob destroyed missionary bungalows during anti-foreign agitation. At Tungling, soldiers threatened missionary. He escaped but home was looted. General attitude of people is friendly.

Rnglish Baptist M. S.-In Taiyuan (Shansi) there was a pupils' strike and number of students was reduced. Christianity considered imperialistic. Sian (Shensi) was besieged for eight months. Mrs. Shorrock died from hardships. Work again opened. Hospital at San Yuan practically destroyed. Fu-Yin-'rsin (a Gospel Village) was occupied by armies and practically destroyed.

British and Foreign Bible Society.-Colportage interrupted in war areafl. All of five hundred colporteurs (except 10 or ]2) are Chinese. No hostility to SocietY'8 work. Two Chinese colporteurs killed by bandits.

Baptist, Southern Conventi()n.-At Wuchow (Kiangsi) hospital was closed for a season. A Chinese worker was maltreated by mob. Some things were stolen and hostility was shown by mob. In most stations friendliness is shown to missionaries.

131

Seventh Day Baptists M. S.-Luiho (Kiangsu) property badly damaged in fighting in September. Missionaries escaped to Shanghai. No unusual hostility shown. Mission not molested.

China Inland Musion.-In Yuanchow (Kiangsi) missionaries were annoyed lind robbed by soldiers. (Kuling station is reported closed.) Tai Kang (Honan) was in hands of bandits July 30 to Aug. 8 and mission looted. Bandits carried off 3,000 people, and shot many. Chowkai Kow (Honan) in hands of bandits in September. City burned with mission houses. Mr. Davies captured but released after three weeks. School girls carried off. Some returned. Pastor beaten and tortured to extort money. Chengtu University (Szechwan) closed. At Luchow (Szechwan) students demanded that all foreigners leave the city. They remained. Chinese Christians are called traitors. In Yunnan, Kweichow, Kansu and other districts work goes on ail usual. General attitude friendly. Wanhsien (Szechwan) buildings occupied temporarily by soldiers. Nanchang (Kiangsi) buildings temporarily occupied by soldiers. Damaged by shells. Sian-fu and Tatung missionaries beseiged many months. Mr. Wilhelm of Yuanchow (Hunan) was captured by bandits but later was released.

Christian and Missionary AUiance.-At Titao (Kansu) the mission was uscd as a Red Cross hospital. In June and July missionaries and Christians were in great danger. Work resumed after occupation by Gen. Feng's army. In Wuchow (Kwangsi) anti-Christian riots led by students. Some dam- age. Fbur missionaries, captured by bandits in 1924, were released. Four Chinese Christians, captured in 1925, released in Jan. 1926. In West China people are friendly.

Church of the Brethren,.-Presence of troops in Shansi caused high prices. Some trouble from students. Rural sections friendly to mission.

Church Missionary Society.-In Fukien, two missionaries were robbed. Rev. B. G. Parsons of Kutien was captured and released. In Pakhoi (Kwangtung) Chinese doctor was captured while traveling. Threatened and held lor ransom. Not released. One college in South China closed. In other sections attitude is friendly. In West China in 1925, Bishop Mowll and wife of Chengtu (Szechwan), Rev. and Mrs. Donnithorne of Anhsien (Szechwan), Miss Carleton, Miss Armfield and Mr. Iles were captured and ransomed for $2,600.

Church of God Mission.-In Kiangsu the attitude of people is friendly but Chinese think they can dispense with foreign missionary workers.

Church of the Nazarene.-At Taming, (Chihli), hospital was occupied after battle, but Government paid for use of building and medical service. At· titude favorable.

Christian Reformed Ch1trch.-Students in Jukao school (North Kiangsu), held protest meeting but were satisfied. Attitude favorable.

Evangelical Church Mission.-At Yuhsien (Hunan), the hospital staff went on strike. All buildings were occupied by soldiers and residences broken into. Some Christians joined southern army. At Liling two residences were broken into by soldiers. At Chaling mission buildings were occupied during the summer. Many unions organized. Work difficult.

SOME EFFECTS 01!' CHINESE TURMOIL ON MlSSIONS

Miss Koebbe of Tungjen (Kweichow) kidnapped in October and held IB days. Other missionaries molested in travel. Missi(mary freight looted.

Hepzibah Faith Mission.-In Chahar District (Mongolia) little interference. In Ping-tu-chuan last October, missionaries suffered a little, from retreating soldiers. Work progressing and interest growing.

Hebron Mission.-At Kunshan and Awong Tung (Kwangtung) no interfer- ence by armies. At Sai Chiu (Kwangtung) student agitation in 1925, but now quiet. Attitude friendly.

United Lutheran Church in America.-Mission station at Tsingtao (Shantung) was crowded with soldiers. Some attended services. Bandits listen to preaching. Attitude friendly.

Evangelical Lutheran (Missouri) .-In Hankow (Hupeh) work was discon- tinued for short time because of warfare. Travel difficult and unsafe. Strong anti-foreign and anti-imperialistic feeling.

Norwegian Lutheran Church of America.-Chengyang and Sihsien (Honan) were molested by bandits and the missionaries compelled to flee. One mis- sionary c!lptured and held four weeks in 1924. Several Christians killed. Mission buildings occupied and damaged. In Kinyang Rev. Daniel Nelson killed by stray bullet on Feb. 9th. In Sianyang (Hupeh) buildings were damaged in fighting. General attitude is friendly.

Lutheran Free Church.-Station at Luyi (Honan) besieged and missionaries were unable to leave the city for two weeks. People friendly.

Mennonite Board F. M.-Kai-chow (Chihli), is in the! war area. Anti-British strike has brought students from British schools which are closed. Hospital cares for wounded. Tamingfu mission compound occupied by refugees. Officials are con- siderate of missionaries. 'l'ravel very difficult.

Mennonite B1'ethren of North America.-Fukien. No special trouble at Engtung and Shanghang. Chinese committee ready to assume responsibility if missionaries should leave.

Mennonite Society of Chi~.-Tsaochow Mission (Shantung), under fire for several days. Missionaries and Christians, not molested last year. Attitude generally friendly.

nfethodist Episcopal Bd. F. 111.-In Central China, mission work in Fukien and Anwhei has been interfered with. In Foochow (Fukien) a mob damaged the Methodist Church and l<~ukien Christian University, which is now closed.

In Nanehang and Kiukiang (Kiangsi) work has been very difficult. Hos- pitals have been crowded with wounded soldiers. Buildings occupied during fighting.

In Chengtu (Szechwan) there have been student strikes which were ad- justed. The university is closed.

Methodist Episcopal, (South) .-At Huchow (Chekiang) refugees and wounded have been cared for in compound and hospital. At Changchow (Kiangsu) soldiers were billeted in school buildings dur- ing holidays. Wounded were cared for in hospital. In Soochow (Kiangsu) refugees were cared for in church and wounded soldiers treated in hospital. The power and prestige of the church increased. The Ka-ding church was destroyed by shell fire. In some

localities, work has been retarded by danger of travel. In general, attitude of people is friendly.

Free Methodist of No. Am.-Mission buildings at Chengchow (Honan) occu- pied by soldiers. Rev. T. S. W. Ryding captured by bandits and released after two weeks. Work going forward with revivals and steady increase.

United Methodist Church, (England) .-In North China (Chihli) mission centers invaded by soldiers. No personal injury. In Yung Ping (Chihli), mission buildings were occupied by soldiers and damaged. Christians were robbed and Chinese medical attendants driven away. In West China (Yunnan) colporteurR were robbed and some were killed. Rev. F. W. Cottrell of Chaotung was held by bandits in 1925 for a few hours and released. In South East China the attitude is friendly but student agitators cause trouble. Native church is assuming more responsibility.

Methodist Protestant.-Mission compound in Kalgan (North China) searched but no loss. Refugees and wounded cared for. Ill-feeling against foreigners. Mission helped by Gen. Feng.

Wesleyan Methodist M. S. (British).-At Liuyang (Hunan) a mob attacked the mission. Missionaries escaped to Changsha. At Fatshan (Kwangtung), the Chinese pastor was threatened and im- prisoned, but released. At Wuchang, (Hupeh), the mission premises were occupied by soldiers and property was left in bad condition. At Hankow (Hupeh) on December 24th, agitators entered the mission and denounced Christianity. The School for Blind was invaded and anti-British literature distributed. An Anti-Christian Society was formed to drive out the missionaries.

Presbyteri<Ln ChUI'ch, U. S. A.-In Shantung Province, bandits make itiner- ation difficult. In Ningpo (Chekiang) and Peking (Chihli), on the whole, the attitude of people is friendly in spite of anti-Christian propaganda. In Chenchow (Hunan), the southern army occupied mission buildings during their march. In Hengchow, there were threats against foreign physician. Some damage was done to buildings. Sheklung (Kwangtung) station in South China was evacuated. Labor strikes, etc., threaten to close the John G. Kerr Hospital for Insane. Kachek and Nadoa (Hainan Island) were evacuated but now are re- opened. Missionaries and Chinese Christians were ill-treated. Gov- ernment students formed mobs. Conditions have improved.

Pre.sbyterian Church in U. S. (South).-In North Kiangsu very little hostility. Relief given and appreciated. In Hangchow (Chekiang), Soochow and Nanking (Kiangsu) some anti- foreign and anti-Christian feeling manifested.

Cumberland Presbyterian.-Strike leaders in Go-tai-kai have taken possession of mission. In general, the Chinese are friendly.

Presbyterian Church of Scotland.-The station at Ichang (Hupeh) reports no interference and attitude friendly. .

Pentecostal Chttl'ch of Canada.-At Tsaap (Kwangsi), the mission was at- tacked. Mr. Williamson escaped but lost all property. From Sainaam (Kwangtung) lVIr. and Mrs. E. J. Morrison fled to Hong. Kong but have now returned. The work is running smoothly.

SOME EFFECTS OF CHINESE TURMOIL ON MISSIONS

Reformed Church in America.-In South Fukien outstations were disturbed by armies. Home of Rev. A. J. Westmass was robbed by bandits and church at Lang-ma was occupied by soldiers, some damage being done. In Amoy district the feeling is friendly. Chinese independence is en- couraged.

Reformed Presbyterian Church in N. A.-At Loting (Kwangtung) South China, some demonstrations reported against the church, but no decrease in attendance at schools. Less opposition now. Increased responsibility put on Chinese.

Swedish Evangelical of America,.-At Kingmen (Hupeh) in September bandits robbed missionaries. Efforts were made to disturb school work. Attitude of people generally friendly.

Scandinavian Alliance of Nodh America.-At Sianfu (Shensi) the work has been interfered with, but the general attitude is reported friendly to the mis- sion.

Finish Free Church Mission (C. 1. M.).-In Kiangsi warfare interferes with missionary travel. Near Yungsin the summer cottages of missionaries and out-station chapels were occupied and damaged by soldiers. General attitude of people is friendly but students staged anti-Christian demonstration.

German Evangelical Protestant Mission.-At Trlingtau (Shangtung), Dr. Seu- fert was twice attacked by robbers, but with(Jut loss.

Schleswig-Holstein Evangelical Lutheran M. S.-At Liuchowfu (Kwangtung), some hostility has been shown. On the whole, attitude is friendly.

United Brethren in Christ.-In Canton (Kwangtung), the Union Middle School was attacked by bandits. Travel is precarious but no injury to mis- sionaries. No unusual hostility to Christian missipns manifested.

United Christian M. S.-No inconvenience or molestation reported in missions of this society in Anhwei, Kiangsu and Szechwan. The attitude of the Chinese is friendly. (Recently missionaries have been recalled from Szechwan.) .'Ifission to Lepers.-Work at Taikam Island (South China) interfered with by stoppage of coastwise commerce. Attitude of people friendly. Work indirectly affected elsewhere.

United Free Gospel M. S.-In June, 1925, two lady missionaries and Chinese worker were robbed on way to Hongkong. Student riots in Kwai hsien and threats of raids and violence. Mission at Pak Nai (Kwangtung) molested.

Woman's Union M. S. (Shanghai).-Attitude friendly. Increased oppor- tunities. Increasing responsibility placed on Chinese.

Yale-in-China.-Changsha (Hunan), Campus occupied by soldiers during vacation. Anti-Christian mOVf1ment active. Student strike. College closed.

Y. W.O. A.-At Chengtu (Szechwan) anti-foreign feeling intense; not anti- Christian.

Y. M. C. A.-At ]'oochow (]'ukien) cable dispatches of January 16th reported that property had been looted by Chinese mobs. Most missionaries have left.

World's Sunday School Ass'n.-Field work seriously interfered with. Bible Institute of Los Angeles.-Evangelistic bands delayed on tours. Con- ditions difficult. Roman Ca,thQUc Missions.-From Szechwan it is reported that priests have been driven out and their missions have been burned. From F(Jochow (Fukien) it was reported on January 16th that all Spanish priests and nuns (except the Bishop) have left for Hong- kong by steamer. Students attacked the Dominican Orphanage, vicarage and church and abducted some of the girls.

Woman's Foreign Mission

EDITED BY MISS ELLA D. MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON !'-VENUE, NEW YORK CITY MAKING CHRISTIAN EDUCATION deed, they exhibit to a startling de- IN CHINA MORE CHINESE gree the charm and splendor of a By MRS. T. C. CHU Westerner's life! This is, of course, not Christianity, but has come along Christian education aims at train- with it owing to the influence of their ing the mind of t~e. Chinese youth teache;s, who keep the foreign ways. according to ChrIstian stan~ards. Attracted by the comfort and extrav- agance of this living, the young peo- This is a prodigious tas~. .r wIsh to mention some of the obJectIOns, com- pie regard it as the higher standard monly raised in China, against Chris- and prefer to live in the same way tianity in general, and mission edu- when they are able. I do not con- cation in particular, and to point out demn the missionary, I simply draw the necessity of understandin~ t~e a picture of the Chri.sti.an co~mu­ Chinese situation and the advisabll- nity from the non-Chnstmn Chmese ity of adapting mission education point of view.

more and more to the local needs. On the other hand, there is now a One of the common objections to prevailing feeling am0!1g sO.me mis- mission education is that it denation- sionaries to overemphasIze thmgs and alizes those who receive its instruc- ways Chinese and to exalt almost out ttihoenr~ This accusation is invalid, yet of proportion the position of the Chi- must be reasons for such an im- nese. It seems to me unnatural and pression. The situation could be re!D- rather ridiculous to swing the pendu- edied if the missionary would realIze lum to the other extreme. Virtue and that he is an outsider, taking part in scholarship, rather than racial difl'er- the work of regeneration among the ences, should be made the standard people of another nation. It is he who of merit. From time immemorial, the should adapt himself, not the Chinese. virtuous and the learned have been His primary mission is to impart a considered in China most suitable for spiritual gift., Other matters are rulers and statesmen, as well as lead- relatively unimportant. ers in thought and religion. It is a There is an analogy between school ,good tradition to keep. It also coin- teaching and mission work: in school, cides with the best conception of one instructs the children of other merit in the West. That a foreigner myoeun~'g in mission work, one leads the must be placed in a superior position people of another nation. A because he is a foreigner is as absurd wise teacher trains the pupils to be as that a Chinese must head up an not only good pupils but obedient to institution within the boundary of their parents. A wise missionary China because he is a native. Such should try to make not only good practices may be compatible in the Christians but also citizens useful to sphere of might and gain, but are un- their own nation. In order to ac- becoming to men who concern them- complish this, the missionary should selves with higher things.

be careful of his owu conduct and The second general objection to preaching. He cannot make his stu- mission education is that the gradu- dents patriotic" if he himself spe.aks ates of mission schools and colleges slightingly of the efforts and asplra- are not well-trained in the use of the tions of the Chinese. Chinese language. Since the vernac- The native Christians are sometimes ular has come to be used in writing, criticized for pomp and luxury. In- the Christians are shown in much bet- 136 ter light. Chinese should be the main .tongue in writing. There is no doubt study in the Primary and the High that this is a good movement and Primary schools and should be taught every progressive institution should as carefully and thoroughly as Eng- uphold its cause. But it does not lish is taught in the Elementary mean to discard the classical language Schools in America. In the Middle altogether; on the contrary, the latter School, the importance of the study should be more earnestly pursued, inof English should be only equivalent asmuch as the mission college was to that of French of German in the formerly careless in this respect. The American High School. If the mis- Japanese have a language of their sion school cannot provide better in- own, yet they study Chinese classics struction than heretofore and if only in their colleges. Practically every one of the two languages can be talented Japanese college graduate taught well, let us sacrifice the foreign can compose Chinese essays and language instead of the native. It poems. The Japanese are very pracseems to me, however, not an impos- tical, why do they study our "dead sibility to learn both languages well, language, " the classics being now so if the methods of teaching are im- called by some of our reformers T It proved. is because the Japanese language is derived from the Chinese and is When a student enters college, he closely related in form As well as in should have. mastered the rudiments subst~nce. Certainly, our spoken of the English language and be able tongue is much more akin to the clas- sics than is the Japanese. If one to take the more advanced courses in wishes to write well in Pai Hua, one literature and sciences. Some mis- must be well versed in the classics sion colleges have lowered the English likewise. The Pai H ua literature is requirements, and have conducted still in the process of making, from many of their classes in Chinese, in· which one can find as yet little help cluding philosophy and the sciences. to improve the style. This is another case of going to the opposite extreme. So long as there is A modern Chinese writer in Pai no standardized Chinese terminology H ua must know the classics quite for the sciences, it is more satisfactory well; he should have the command to give such courses in English, un· of one or more foreign languages; he less the professor happens to be an should have natural talent and literauthority on such matters and is a ary ability; he should have resided good translator of scientific books. in the northern provinces for a period of time, preferably in childhood or This leads to another observation, in youthful years. Of the four conviz., the danger of imparting" psuedo ditions, the first is the easiest to obknowledge" instead of "real knowl- tain because it does not depend upon edge." There is a tendency among locality, age or gift of nature; the some mission colleges to be too eager last is the least important. The misin following the fashion of the time. sion colleges can develop the Chinese A certain university is reputed for courses as well as the native schools, good literature courses; the cause for and have more prospect of making such distinction is due to the scholar- success just now, as the latter are ship or the personality of certain mostly in chaotic condition, due to members on the staff of that institu- the lack of funds or to politics. tion. When there are no such eminent men on the staff of the other col- As regards religious education, I leges, it is futile for the latter to wish only the really spiritual men and make the attempt of competing. women to come as preachers or reli- gious teachers. It is almost offensive I have one more suggestion to make to hear a matter-of-fact, materialistic regarding the curriculum of the mis- sermon. It is equally distasteful to sion college, e. g., the matter of Pai- l!ua, or the use of the vernacular

listen to those out-of-date, bygone unruly and less obedient than before tales! The Chinese are it practical but he is also more independent in people, full of common sense, never thinking and more capable of action. very superstitious, but rather skepti- The group consciousness is stronger; cal. To speak with reason in logical cooperation and unity of spirit are and philosophical terms is the best ap- exhibited in the fight for the Qommon proach to the higher classes. To deal good. Those who are teaching and squarely and unpresumptuously is guiding the Chinese youth must uncertain to win the love of all. But derstand his temper, the operations to talk of one thing, yet act in another of his mind, his ambition, feelings and way, is a sure ground for distrust and aspirations, acting more like his comcontempt. Belief is a human quality rades than his elders. He may be exand is deep-rooted iIi man's nature. acting in his estimation of others' When the right call comes, even the merits, and his opinions may be rough man on the street can respond. mainly wrong; nevertheless, it is ·a We are unspeakably miserable in the healthier sign that he thinks in his twentieth century, because the reli- own way and acts according to his gious men are often blind leaders, be- own judgment-he does not fall back ing themselves seldom in communion on his teachers nor follows lavishly, with the spirit. as he used to.

Three groups of people are most rt is, therefore, a much harder task needed here in China as missionaries. to· be a teacher in China now, espe- The first group consists of the pro' cially to be a missionary teacher who fessional men, such as writers, artists, may have to deal with the religion scientists, engineers, doctors, lawyers, and morals of the pupils. But he scholars of all kinds. China is in des- who succeeds in the work can bear perate need of higher learning and witness to the supreme joy and satistechnical knowledge. Through con- faction derived from the labor. tact in work and through personal re- Blessed is he who has a hand in the lations with these individuals, the making of a young life! Let me close Chinese will fathom the depth and with a passage from Meneius: perceive the grandeur of the Western mind. The second group comprises ~'Loving, yet no response,- Search inwardly and examine your bethe men of action, of great charm and nevolence; personality, and of high administra- Rnling, yet without order,- tive ability-leaders of men, who can Search inwardly and examine your wis· shape lives and change the destiny of dom; nations. They do not preach, yet Showing respect to others, yet with no practically in every way they carry return,- Search inwardly and examine your own away their followers in their thinking feeling of respect." and beliefs. The tbird group is the rarest kind among men, I mean the From an editorial in the lkdam. true religious teachers, those who have (Constantinople) July 20, 1926: spiritual insight and wisdom. IJct these do the preaching and win men "In order to be able to illuminate to Christ, while the others carryon this country, in order to wake it up, their kinds of work. The fault in the we must work like the missionaries. past was that a missionary had to act Patient like the missionaries, se1£- like a Jack-of-all-trades and do many sacrificing like the missionaries, posthings which he should not have done. sessing like the missionaries the Since the world is now more and strength of persuasion, like the mismore specialized, let each do his best sionaries combining various kinds of and contribute his special gift to knowledge with the conviction of mankind. heart. When this time comes, it will be our fortune to be successful in 'l'he Chinese youth is worth teach- awaking the people of our land." ing. It is true that he is now more AHMET JEVDET.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK WEST INDIES' PROGRESS AND Seminary has been inadequately PROBLEMS housed in a rented building, close to By OHARLES S. DETWEILER a noisy highway. A suitable site has From the reports of the Committee on West been purchased near the University of Porto Rico, and plans for a complete ~~~:B·an()J.' f:r~~~ :',;'ii.~()~e~rQe::~:a~i;~~ng()fw~~~ seminary plant have been prepared in that area. Mr. Detweiler. Chairman.

Porto Rico by architects. These estimates call The committee reports notable for $228,000 for the whole project, progress in Porto Rico along two and have been approved by the sevlines. A two-story building for the eral mission boards. '1'he Board of publisl1ing house and bookstore con- Trustees in the United States has also ducted by the Evangelical Union was approved a campaign to raise this completed and occupied during the money. The successful functioning year. This .is advantageously located of this institution and the successful on the principal business street of careers of its graduates, who are now Ponce. It is a self-supporting enter- at work not only in Porto Rico, but prise, not because it has undertaken also in Venezuela and Santo Do- commercial printing, for it has not mingo, constitute a signal missionary had sufficient equipment for this, but achievement. because it has been well managed and At the Annual Meeting of the loyally supported by the seven coop- Evangelical Union of Porto Rico, held erating denominations. Beginning in November, 1925, among other rec- from July the Puel-to Rir;o Evangel- ommendations were two that are ico, the paper representing all of worthy of being brought to the atten- these denominations, has become a tion of a larger body. (1) That in weekly, without reducing its size. To view of the depressing economic con- make this possible it was necessary to ditions in these fields Christian mis- set apart an editor for full time serv- sions seek some way of introducing ice. .At the request of the editorial new industries that will give employ- committee the Baptist Mission re- ment to idle hands and form the basis leased one of its pastors, who now be- for the development of sel£-support- comes the representative of all the ing churches. (2) That steps be evangelicals, supported from a com- taken to furnish the Spanish-speak- mon fund. ing churches with a hymnal. The The second cooperative enterprise West Indies Committee is glad to sec- that gives enconraging results is the ond these recommendations. The Evangelical Seminary, supported by problem of improving the economic the same denominations. It offers its condition of our church members in students a standard three-year course the West Indies is not easily solved.

leading to the degree of Bachelor of The Committee is unIted, however, in Theology, its credits being accepted thinking that it deserves serious at full value by the principal semi- study. The provision of a Spanish naries of the United States. Of the hymnal for evangelical churches thirty-nine students for 1926-27, eight. ought not to be difficult nor long de- are Baptistl';, three Congregational- layed. Most of the churches are now ists, seven Disciples, six Methodists, using a small collection of songs which thirteen Presbyterians, and two are inferior and unsatisfactory.

United Brethren. For seven years the There ought to be available a hymn 139

book or more dignity and of a wider the Methodist, Presbyterian and range or sentiment. United Brethren Mission Boards. The work in both of these republics Little progresR has been made to- is proceeding steadily forward. The ward solving the urgent economic north side of the island is effectively problem. Unemployment is chronic occupied by the General Mission and widespread and the poverty is Board of the Free Methodists. most depressing. In recent years there has been a great development The Board for Christian Work in or the needle-work industry, which Santo Domingo, supported by the has brought some relief in opening up Methodists, Presbyterians. and United new avenues or gain, but already New Brethren, now has well organized York contractors are introducing the work in five centers, including the sweat-shop system. capital, and outstations in several smaller places. Besides an evangeli- Cuba cal program, there are day scnools in four of these centers and a hospital It is no small achievement under and social center in the capital. the conditions that prevail in Cuba, for the committee to report that Rev. The unity of the work is. shown by Sylvester Jones has been continued the fact that the six workers sent another year as a Secretary for Co- from the United States represent five operation in Cuba. Of the six Prot- different denominations and three estant bodies at work in Cuba, only workers from Porto Rico represent three are as yet ready ror coopera- three communions. Americans, Engtion, and one or these three is the lish and Porto Ricans make the staff smallest of all, while the other two also international. 'l'he support of are separated geographically by six the work comes not only from various hundred miles. In addition to the Home Mission Boards in this counthree cooperating Missions, the Inter- try, but from the united churches of national Association of Daily Vaca- Porto Rico and most healthy contrition Bible Schools has contributed butions from the young churches in something to Mr. Jones's budget. His Santo Domingo. Half of the $24,000 work thus includes the promotion of budget of the hospital was raised on Vacation Schools, as well as the man- the field. A hospital building is uragement of a Union Book Store in gently needed, the present rented Havana and of a monthly paper rep- quarters being entirely inadequate resenting two of the Missions. In ad- ror the great opportunities presented dition to these tasks Mr. and Mrs. in a country where medical work is so .Jones have been leaders in temper- greatly needed. A block of land has ance work, largely through the agency been purchased and the Board hopes of the W. C. T. U. It is worth while to raise the money this year for the to have in tIle capital of Cuba; a first unit. spokesman for all the denominationR, but it is to be regretted that nBt all of The beginnings of an industrial the Missions recognize the value of mission have been made in the inteconcerted action along certain lines rior of the island. Work for boys and in order to demonstrate to the world girls has attracted the attention and the spiritual unity of Christ's fol- cooperation of some of the outstandlowers. ing Dominicans. The budget of the Santo Domingo Board this year was Santo Domingo and Haiti about $57,000. The membership of other denominational Home Mission By common agreement primary re- Boards is earnestly desired for this sponsibility ror the evangelization of united work. Haiti has been assigned to Northern Baptists, and for the south side of The American Baptist Home Misthe island of Santo Domingo to a sion Society has accepted primary re- Board composed of representatives of sponsibility for the French-speaking

WOMAN '8 HOME MISSION BULLETIN

part of the island of Santo Domingo. can be held in Havana, San Juan and Its Mission has been established in the Santo Domingo City. northern part only. It has not yet occupied the capital, but in the south Neglected problems arc at onr doors, it is helping to support an educational such as the gradual economic decline institution under Haitian Baptist of the West Indies coincident with control. The headquarters of its Mis- the growth of great corporations that sion is in Cap Haitien, where it has exploit their natural resources, and purchased a home for its missionary the impossibility of developing such Huperintendent. Also during the fundamental institutions as the home, year it provided funds for the re- the church and the school where unbuilding of the Baptist house which employment is a chronic social malhad been destroyed many years ago, ady. In this connection it is interestand whose ruined walls had long been ing to note that The American Fund a reproach to the Protestant cause. for Public Service has recently un- It now reports eight organized dertaken an investigation of the rechurches, two foreign ordained mis- sults of American investments in the sionaries, and fifteen Haitian work- West Indies, beginning in Cuba. ers, including school teachers, in nine Also, the International Institute of primary schools. Best of all, the es- Teachers College, New York, at the tablishment of this Mission has invitation of the Government of brought new' courage to the scattered Porto Rico has undertaken an educaand neglected Protestant groups in tional survey of the island. the north of Haiti, and has promoted their spiritUal solidarity. From the standpoint of missionary administration there are important Conferences questions. Conditions have changed since the time of the Panama Con- It was the original purpose of the gress on Christian Work. The stand- Committee on Cooperation in Latin ards of the ministry in Cuba and America to hold two large conferences Porto Rico are higher; there are more on Christian work, the first one to men able to take positions of leadercover the continent of South Amer- ship, making our Missions less deica, and the other a year later to em- pendent upon missionaries from the brace Mexico and the countries of the States; and, finally, the churches have Caribbean. In fulfillment of this plan been growing in liberality, and givno sooner was the Montevideo CGn" ing promise of attaining soon to se1£- gress organized than measures were support. Indeed self-support is the taken to prepare for the second one in leading issue before our mission Mexico City. Conditions made it churches, and it deserves our most seem unwise to hold a conference for sympathetic study. Then there are the northern countries. unoccupied fields in Cuba, Santo Domingo and Haiti; and there are The Committee on West Indies has French islands altogether unevangelcome to the conclusion that it is better ized whose needs should be brought to to have conferences in various coun- our attention. There are in some of tries rather than a general West In- the islands abandoned, pastorless, dies Conference. It is therefore rec- English-speaking churches concernommending a conference for Porto ing which the facts ought to be known. Rico next summer in connection with Also, there are moral conditions the Summer Institute, and a confer- which can be little altered except by ence in Cuba to bring the national governmental action. The West Inworkers into closer fellowship. Steps dies, aside from Porto Rico, have have also been taken to arrange for a been the object of little study on the West Indies Cruise for friends of part of American and English Chris- Protestant missions in the early part tians; and it is time that they be of 1928, with the hope that in con- carefully considered. nection with this cruise conferences

FROM MANY

CHINA AND TIBET Hearts were very tender and wills were strengthened as we rDse frDm that mDst A Chinese Christian Daily uniting fellowship in prayer and meditatiDn.

THE Chinese Christians in the city The work. Df this Council meeting has been of Chungking, West China, are dDne w,th,n thDse who. were present and this editing and publishing a daily news- IS the grDund Df Dur assnranee that it will paper which bids fair to become one go <Ill.

of the largest dailies in that part of Chinese Christian Endeavorers China. The editors are trying to circulate only reliable news. They have T HE first Christian Endeavor soas reporters the pastors and the mem- ciety in China was organized in bers of the Christian churches 1885. Last year the fortieth anniverthroughout the province. Occasion- sary of its founding was celebrated ally, there are sermons and special with great rejoicing. A whole year was to be devoted to an increase camfeature articles on some phase of paign. At the beginning of the year Christian life, activity, or social wel- there were about 1,200 Christian Enfare. The Christians of Chungking deavor societies listed in China. At organized to publish this paper be- the end of the year the numbers had cause they found that their activities grown to 2,500 in spite of troubled were not being truthfully presented times. Missionaries find that Chrissince anti-Christian forces often con- tian Endeavor is a great help in the trol the other Chinese newspapers. schools in China. Miss A. N. Johann- National Christian Conncil son, of the China Inland Mission, SOME outstanding features of the writes that Christian Endeavor makes annual meeting of this important body, held last autumn, are thus de- the young people feel that they have scribed by Dr. Henry T. Hodgkin in the American Friend: "No previous to walk carefully. It helps them in meeting of the Council has been so significant. Beginning with a frank their study of the Bible, and it teaches consideration of the present need of China and the inadequacy of the them to pray. It gives them the mis- Christian Church in facing that need, we found ourselves seeking with great sionary spirit. The Endeavorers in determination for the true remedy. One voice after another called us back the school to which she belongs even to Christ's way for human life…. Nothing was more remarkable than send donations to missions outside of the growing power of Chinese leader- China. Some of the girls have been trained as nurses and teachers and many of the boys have gone o'ut of school to witness for Christ in their heathen thhoismsecsh. ooSl osmaveedyeaarlsittalO~'obatbhye boys in girl and cared for her for three years 0r more.

ship. The largest part of the speaking was by Chinese. The work behind A Ricksha Coolie's Devotion the scenes was mostly done by them. WHEN a twelve-year-old boy was The creative thinking of several was pres.ented for baptism in Hang- most marked." chow, hiS father, a Christian who Of the concluding meeting, con- pulls rickshas for a living, was asked ducted by the newly appointed Gen- to tell the committee what sort of eral Secretary, Dr. C. Y. Cheng, Dr. training the boy could expect. In a Hodgkin says: simple way the coolie father ex- 142 plained that although neither he nor of Christianity to European Civiliza- hiEl wife could read, they had spnt the tion in the Middle Ages'; and most hoy to, school,- so that every morning of it helping in our American- before he took out his ricksha he gath- Board'li country work at Changsin- ered the family together, the little tiel1. He haH conducted a free hoy read a chapter from the Bible school, for which he and the other and he prayed for the children, for teachers did also the buying and cook- the wife and for himself, that he ing, there being no servants employed might be delivered through the day -a rare thing in China. He also from the sins to which ricksha pullers preached, and, being a Fukienese, was are particularly exposed. On Sun- quite happy that in spite of his dif- day he takes his ricksha out only long ficulty in using tpe Northern dialect, enough to earn the rent for the day. the people willingly listened to his When the rental has been secured, he preaching. He writes on this point: takes no more fares, but goes directly 'Some of the listeners say that their home, and should the last fare pay a understanding of my speech is per- few more coppers than the actual haps due to the aid of the Holy Spirit rental, he does not regard this as his in the speaker. But I ascribe it to own, but adds it to his contribution the Holy Spirit working through the for the day to the Lord '8 work. listeners' instinct of curiosity.' Does Going to School in a. Flood not this show humility and discern- ment, a true Christian spirit?" ONE of the seniors in the True Light School in Canton, is quoted Chinese Gifts for Bible Schools as follows: "My sister and I have al- T ways had a school during vacation;· IlE Southern Methodist mission- aries at Wusih, Kiangsu Province, we could care for thirty, but a hundred pupils came. Once there was a report: "Our voluntary Sundaygreat flood, but we did not hear of it school was the outstanding spiritual hecause our house was on high success of the term. On the first three ground. The pupils said nothing of Sundays we had only two Chinese it. One day the parents came, say- students to attend, one a Christian ing, 'Please we have had a flood. and the other a non-Christian. But May our children stay home for a few we persevered, and after that time we days to help us l' Then we learned had a steady attendance of from that our pupils had walked every day seven to nine. Two classes were through water up to their necks to the taught, one in the meaning of Chrishigh ground, carrying dry clothes on tianity by Mr. John Chu and the their heads. There on the hillside the other in the Gospel of Matthew. little girls surrounded each girl in Through the Sunday-school we took turn while she changed into her dry up subscriptions for the Daily Vacaclothes. The wet things were left on tion Bible School movement. The the hillside to dry until time to go students gave approximately thirteen home. Do you see why I wish to dollars, and the teachers brought the sum up to twenty dollars. Nearly teach in my village T' , every student in the school gave True Christian Humility something, and considering the fact PHILIPPE DE VARGAS, Ph.D., that less than twenty per cent of them a member of the faculty of Yen- were Christians we felt much encourching University, Peking, sends this aged. Of course this gift by our stu- item to The Missionary Herald: "Mr. dents was largely an expression of Yang Ch 'ang-tung, a theological stu- nationalism, as they felt that they dent in Yenching University (Peking were thus doing something for the University), has spent part of the illiterate masses of their own people, summer vacation working on his but the significant fact about it was thesis on 'Some of the Contributions that they were willing to cooperate

with the Daily Vacation Bible School The church has about eighty members, the movement, which is essentially Chris- school one hundred and twenty pupils, the tian. " orphanage seventy boys and girlS, and the hospital is serving many people froni over a Leadership in Indo-Ohina wide area. There have been a number of other groups than our own at various places THE Christian and Missionary Al- near the Tibetan border, who have done ear- liance conducts work in Indo- nest work as they llave waited for Tibet to China from which encouraging open. This work, however, has suffered reports have come. One missionary many changes, and has not, as a rule, been writes: "The spirit among the native so established and equipped as to be of a preachers and Bible women, also col- permanent nature. The work at Batang, porteurs, is excellent, and I have however, is looked upon both by other misgreatly enjoyed the spiritual fellow- sionaries and travelers in Tibet as an earship with these native brethren. They nest and substantial effort to establish really are our spiritual children, and most permanent work among the Tibetans themof them are still very young in Chris- selves. We have a real base with the foun· tian service, but I praise God for the dations which abide, in ehurch, sehool, marked growth in spiritual leader- orphanage and hospital work, as well as exship among these native workers. cellent equipment. Since my return to the field, this evident blessing on the native leaders has St. Mark in Tibetan greatly increased my faith in the future of the native Church in this T IBETAN books are printed from land. . . . At Sadec, Caolanh and wooden blocks on very fine buff- Cantho steps are being taken by the colored paper manufactured in the native Christians to erect their own country from the bark of a certain church buildings, and we believe that shrub. The pages are long and narwithin another year the mission will row. They are not bound into a not have to pay rents for the work in volume, but lie loosely one above anthese places. After red-hot persecu- .other. When not in use, the leaves tion and real opposition by local na- are enclosed in two wooden slabs, tive officials at Caitauha, God has which are often finely carved, and tied made a way where there seemed to be with silk ribbons_ The whole is no way. An old man eighty-one years wrapped in a beautifully embroidered of age gave hisi home for a chapel, silk cover. The sacred books of Tibet, and God has started a revival, in that produced in this way, are regarded place, which I think will result in the with the greatest reverence. A lady salvation of hundreds of souls this missionary working on the borders of coming year. " Tibet suggested to the British and Foreign Bible Society that a part of Disoiples' Tibetan Mission the New Testament should be pro- duced in Tibetan style_ "This," re- SECRETARY Stephen J. Corey, of ports the Society, "has now been the United Christian Missionary done. St. Mark has assumed a dress Society (Disciples), writes of the which will make a strong appeal to plans which the Society had made to the Tibetans. They will be led from open a new station at Yengin, five the attractive appearance to the condays' journey from Batang, the place tents, which are still more attractive, on the Tibetan border made famous and we hope that many of them will in missionary annals by the late Dr. be led to the Lord Himself." Shelton. The carrying out of these plans has been postponed, because, in JAPAN-KOREA view of the troubles in West China, the American Government would not A, Ja.panese on the Spiritual Outlook consent. He says of the work in Batang: T HE Counsellor of the Japanese Embassy in Washington, Mr. Setsuzo Sawada, contributes an inter- esting article to The Living Church on the spiritual outlook in Japan. He points out some ways in which Chris-

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tian ideas "have influenced Japan's ent budget. For some reason the pro- thought life tremendously." But he portion of persons joining the reading says that both the World War and club has fallen from about twenty the Japanese exclusion clause in the per cent to about fourteen per cent.

Immigration Act "have forced many However, we have 495 members who of the serious-minded among his are reading books and being in- countrymen to question the sincerity structed. A number have recently of the profession of Christianity." begun the correspondence eourse in He continues: Bible instruction."

"But perhaps this may prove to be, eventually, no real loss. There was a Buddhist Missionaries to America time when people embraced this faith AN INTERVIEW wit h Count mostly for the reason that it was Ii. Otani, abbot of one of the most widely exercised in advanced nations. To them the faith was a borrowed influential and progressive Buddhist one, if I may say so, but these gigantic sects, appeared in the Japan Adverevents transpiring in the Christian tiser, and was thus quoted in the New countries of the world have forced our York World: earnest Christians to distinguish Christianity as a real religion from :MallY Americans, in the midst of their husy lives, need the peaee and tranquillity offered them by the religious philosophy of that of an agent of the material civi- Buddhism, .Japanese adherents of that faith lization of the West. It may be said believe, and plans are being formed to send that to them the faith has become personal and indigenous. Thus the to the UnitBd States many missionaries to extend the work· there to white men. AI· ready a llu]nbe.r of missionaries are there, deeper meaning of Christianity is but their efforts are confined largely to work now being sounded by learned souls among Amcrkan-oorn .Japanese. Count among our Christians." Otani, who visited Westel'll nations last year and was give"n a warm we1conw l;y those of all religions, does not Yisualize Results of Newspa.per Evangelism Buddhism as supplanting Christianity in the West, but he beli(wes that need for his faith REY. CLARENCE E. NORMAN, exists among Americans and his sect is of Fuknoka, Japan, who has been called upon to meet the need ….. . in charge of the work of newspaper evangelism which Rev. Albertus Pie- He hopes that a number of Americans and Europeans interested in Buddhism will come to Japan and study the religion and ters began so successfully, reports of offers to provide quarters for them and aid the present methods: "Since the be- in paying their expenses.

ginning of April there has appeared every Sunday morning in the western Demands of Korea's New Day R edition of the Osaka Mainichi, which EV. ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, ·who returned to Kangkei, Korea, is circulated principally in the island of Kyushu, a five or six inch adver- after a prolonged furlough, writes of tisement of Scripture truth. They the amazing changes in the town since are easily noticed, and a number of he first went to it in 1917. He says, people have informed us that they "It is fast waking up to the twentieth read them every Sunday. The space century. . . . The external changes is small-too small, in fact, to explain are but the visible symbols of the and apply the Bible, text, but still it greater changes that have taken in is enough to call people's attention the living and thinking of the people.

to the message of salvation. And it They are further a reminder of the may be that because the articles are still greater changes which are com- short many more people read them ing in the next decade, and quarter than would otherwise. In these three century, when the thousands of chil- months there have been over 750 ap- dren now in the government schools plications for free tracts. This makes are men and women, engaged in their an average of 250 monthly, which is regular life callings. The importance all we can take care of with our pres- of Christian education becomes more S

apparent. 'Ve must have educated the rural work in Korea to be spiritleaders in the Church of the future ual, cultural and economic. We shall -not only the pastors but the lay- seek first to help men to live in right men. The boys who will be the lead- relations with God and with each ers must now receive spiritual train- other and to realize the spiritual ing. " values in their daily tasks. We shall endeavor to eliminate illiteracy in the Kwangju Sunday-School Growth villages and to stimulate such other educational processes as may prove THE rapid development and the ef- suited to the needs of the agricultural fective work of the Sunday-schools population. We shall promote better in and around Kwangju, Korea, was economic conditions, through imdescribed in the August, 1926, RE- proved farming methods, the develop- VIEW. A reeent article in the Korea tricnt of household and village in- M?'ssi01t Field states that the number dustries, and legitimate and brotherly of schools has increased from one to expressions of the cooperative spirit. " forty-five and the average attendance from 100 to 2,900. It continues: ISLANDS OF THE SEA "At first the work of each extension Sunday-school was directed by the Training Papuan Preachers' Wives missionary who personally secured the money necessary to carry it on. FOR the past twenty-five years the However, the work grew so tremen- Methodist Missionary Society of dously that the need for a central or- Australasia has conducted at Salamo, ganization of some kind became Papua, a training school for pastors apparent, to unify the courses of and teachers. Some of them are acstudy, to train teachers, to handle companied by their wives, of whom funds and to supervise the work gen- Miss Molly Hodge writes: "Some of erally. ~~fter experimenting for the these women who come from mission past few years with several forms of stations where they have attended organization the Kwangju Sunday- school are fairly well advanced, oth- School Association, in its present ers are unable to read or write. The form, was finally organized in 1926. curriculum includes English, arith- It is gratifying to be able to report metic, writing, Old and New Testathat this organization is composed al- ment history, catechism, hygiene and most entirely of Koreans, who have geography. A government examinapractically taken charge of the Sun- tion is held each year. Twenty-three day-school work." married women sat for this in Janu- ary last, of whom twenty passed. At Rural Y. M. C. A. for Korea the end of last year, twelve of our students and their wives, on complet- ONLY very recently the Y. M. C. ing their training, were appointed as A. has made plans to reach the teachers and preachers. Several enyoung men and boys in rural com- couraging letters have been received munities in Korea (of which there from these women, telling how they are said to be over 26,000). The As- have assisted their husbands in the sociation recognizes that these young village schools and Sunday-school. men are in special need of help in per- 'l'hen, too, they are the leaders of the sonal and social development. The women's class meetings, and at times, National Council of the Y. M. C. A. when illness has prevented their husin Korea hopes to assist in dispelling bands from taking a Sunday service, literary blindness, and to bring in they have filled the breach." economic encouragement and moral discipline to the young men and boys Filipino Endeavorers in Prison in the villages of Korea. Frank M. Brockman, the Secretary, writes: CHRISTIAN Endeavor societies in "We conceive the main objectives of prisons in America are fairly common, but it is rare news to learn

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

of a society in the prison at Batangas, work Mr. Murphy enjoyed the co- Philippine Islands. In the town operation of Hawaiian missionary and there is a large society which con- religious organizations. Public school ducts a regular weekly service in the officials, teachers and the leaders of prison, and many of the prisoners Christian young people's societies also have professed conversion. Accord- gave valuable assistance. Many older ing to the testimony of the warden Japanese, who are Buddhists, bought and guards, the Endeavor services are English New Testaments for their aiding greatly in creating a new spirit American-born children. The sales in the prison. The prison Endeavor- exceeded by more than 2,000 Testaers hold their own prayer services ments the goal which had been set every morning and evening. The for the campaign. leader of these services is a stonecutter who is serving a sentence in NORTH AMERICA prison.-World Call. Federal Conncil Executives Moros a.t a Student Conference T HE general theme of the meeting T HE first student conference in of the Executive Committee of the the southern Philippines was held Federal Council of Churches, which recently in Mindanao. It is thus de- was held in Minneapolis December 8scribed by .E. S. Turner: "As I 10, 1926, was" How to Make Church glanced over the heads of the audi- Cooperation Real and VitaL in the ence of 120 people I saw here and Community." Action, however, was there the picturesque turbans of Moro taken on various questions of both students. I soon learned that there national and international signifiwere sixty-seven regular delegates, cance. It was voted, for instance, twelve of them Mohammedans . . . that the Committee on Church and Such a conference held annually Social Service undertake a study of would mean much in developing the whole question of marriage and right relations between the Christian divorce in the United States. Strong and Mohammedan Filipinos, in bring- resolutions were adopted in support ing the claims of Christ to bear upon of prohibition and in favor of parthe leaders of Islam in the Philip- ticipation by the United States in the pines, and in preparing the way for Vorld Court. The Council was practhe spread of the Association Move- tically unanimous in its opposition to ment in this island, which is probably war, and especially to war over propthe neediest of all in the archipelago. erty interests. The State Department . . . Many of the students at the eon- was urged to find a method of peace ference pledged to give themselves to for the settlement of our controversies Christ, and under His leadership to with JV[exico. work to win the Moros to a life of peace and righteousness. We expect Women and Interracial Problems this conference to be a forerunner of a great program of play, education EMPHASIZING the need for more and character building. 'We must human relationships between enter this great door of activity." white and colored women, the Con- tinuation Committee of the Inter- Bible Campaign in Hawaii racial Conference of Church Women has made public its findings for con- ACAMPAIGN to place 5,000 New structive measures for creating good- Testaments in the hands of Amer- will between them. At the conference ican-born Japanese in the Hawaiian held at Eagles Mere, Pa., which was Islands was recently promoted by the attended by white and Negro women Pacific Agency of the American Bible from both the South and the North, Society through its representative, this Continuation Committee was ap- Rev. U. G. Murphy of Seattle. In this pointed to study the various recom- mendations made and to publish them as "findings" to go to church women

throughout the country as a working Henry Sloane Coffin of New York program. "Realizing that inter- City; Dr. Reinhold Niebuhr of De- racial action must be preceded by in- troit, and Rev. Charles W. Gilkey of terracial thinking," says the state- Chicago. ment' ., we find that the women of our churches need to learn to work with The conference opened with an ad- rather than for the Negro. We be- dress by A. Bruce Curry on "Where lieve that existing church organiza- Students Are and Why." The en- tions constitute the best channel for tire conferance was divided into fifty creating this attitude. " It was urged different discussion groups during that more stress be laid on educational the following days. and recreational facilities in small towns and rural communities. Forced Episcopal Bishops' Crusade housing segregation was condemned as unspiritual and undemocratic. THE General Convention of the Church women were urged to take a Protestant Episcopal Church at definite stand against such segrega- its meeting in New Orleans took up tion in their community. In regard the matter of evangelism in earnest, to lynching, the church women urged created a strong Commission on Evanthat ., preventive measures against gelism, and put at its head Dr. James lynching be adopted, and that ready E. Freeman, the Bishop of Washingcooperation be given those in control ton. A church-wide movement reof such situations; that an open sulted which is known as the Bishops' forum be secured in the daily papers Crusade. The working plans of tht' and press generally, to create right Comm:ssion include a six-days' Crupublic opinion." sade in each diocese, the entire Cru- ~ade to take place between January 6 National Student Conference and March 1, 1927.

ABOUT three thousand students of The Spirit of "7Ifissions thus inter- American Christian Associations, prets the meaning of the movement: and some two hundred and fifty young people from foreign countries, The Crusade is to be much more than a spent the last five days of the holiday series of conferences and meetings. It is season (Dec. 28 to Jan. 1) in confer- to be a mass attack against the power of ence at .ifilwaukee. They journeyed spiritual inertia, and to succeed, its aims, from everv state in the Union to at- methods and objectives must be carried to tend tlle National Student Conference every individual communicant of the Church. under the auspices of the National To this end parishes are being organized Council of Christian Associations of into groups for prayer and study, and as the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. the inspiration of the Crusade carries through to the hearts of the people, memo These undergraduate young men bel'S of these groups arc to become what and young women representing prac- Christians fundamentally must be, evan· tically every important college and gelists, exercising the Christian's privilege university in the United States con- and duty of carrying the Gospel to the sidered the theme, "What Resources world outside the Church. Has Jesus for Life in Our World f" This is the first time that these two A $1,000 Prize Offered intercollegiate bodies have thus united. Rev. G. A. Studdert Ken- T HE Foreign IHission Board of the nedy ("Woodbine Willie"), Chaplain SoutllCrn Baptist COJlvention to His Majesty, King George, and offers a. prize of one thousand dollars Rector of St. Edmund's Church, for the best manuscript on the theme, London, was one of the speakers. "Evangelical Christianity an Alter- Among others were the Rev. T. T. native for a Lost or Decaying Reli- Lew, a Chinese from Peking; Dr. G. gious Faith." This essay should be G. Kullman of Switzerland; Dr. between forty thousand and sixty thousand words in length. Three copies of the manuscript must be sent to the Foreign Missions Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, Rich- mond, Virginia, not later than

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

.Tanuary 1, 1928. They must be sub- ing men of this Assembly and the mitted anonymously, accompanied by thinking men of Mexico believe in and a letter giving the name of the author. love the Christ! I know of nothing For further information write to Rev. more beautiful, more revolutionary, .T. F. Love, Secretary, Richmond, more moving, more holy, or more pro- Virginia, U. S. A. gressive than the Gospel of Christ.

. . . The revolutionary party would "China. Around the Corner" like to see all Catholics become Chris- T HIS phrase is used by The Con- tian once more and we ourselves gregatiorwlist in calling attention would like to be better Christians. to the importance of reaching with We who constitute the revolutionary the Christian message Chinese in this party would rise above our past failcountry who are engaged in laundry ures-for along with the great things work and similar occupations. For we have done we have sinned-and many years a devoted group of ear- there is but one Person who can save nest men and women have been main- us, namely, .Tesus our Lord! Oh, taining Chinese Sunday-schools in would that the revolutionary party various churches of all denominations, had the courage to raise high His teaching eager pupils to read English, banner I"~ helping them to adapt themselves to American customs and institutions, Evangelical Seminary, Porto Rico T and winning them to the Christian HIS union theological institution serves the EvangelIcal churches in life. Recently a convention of the Chinese Sunday School Workers Porto Rico, Santo Domingo and Union of New England was held in Venezuela. This year there are Roxbury, Mass. JUrs. ~Iartha Henry, thirty-nine students preparing for president of the Union, states that the Christian ministry. Of these, their work could be greatly extended eight are Baptists, three are Congreif thev had more volunteer teachers. gationalists, seven are Disciples, six No technical training is necessary in are Methodists. thirteen are Presbyorder to teach in these schools, still terians and two are United Brethren. less a knowledge of the Chinese lan- In Porto Rico there is a well-estabguage. A chapel in Canton, China, lished plan of interdenominational has been erected by the gifts of Chinese in America, pupils in Chinese mission work, with a division of ter- Sunday-schools. These same pupils ritory by agreemrnt to prevent over- help support a Bible woman with lapping and to direct cooperation. • headquarters at this chapel. There is a Union Chnrch in San .Tose, an evangelical seminary and a book- storr in Ponce. The Committee on LATIN AMERICA Cooperation has a secretary, Mr.

Christ in Mexico's Congress Drury, and the Union Seminary has DEPUTY Antonio Diaz Soto y for its president Dr. James A. Mc- Gama recently made a speech iit Allister who has been in Porto Rico the Mexican Congress in which he de- for a ([uarter of a century.

nied the allegation that the present Thr seminary (founded in 1919), revolutionary movement aims at the owns land val~ed at *30,500, but is – "nnchristianization" of Mexico. He greatly in need of buildings. At said: "I shall close mv discourse and present it is housed in a rented house I wish to open it by" honoring that on the main highway. The plans ap- holy Name which the Church has for- proved by the mission boards call f()r gotten-namely, Jesus the Christ. $228.000 to complete the project-in- And in naming His Name I am cer- cluding recitation hall, dormitories, tain that I have the sympathy and chapel, profes~ors' residences, land hearty endorsement of each member and general equipment.

of this august body. . . . The think- "Porto Rico for Christ" is the

motto on which all the denominations The neighbors of this woman would unite. As the Boards cannot supply not pass her house lest fire fall from the funds for the completion of the heaven upon them, according to the seminary buildings, the money must warning of the priest. That woman be given by friends in America. today is mother and grandmother of twentv believers who are the center League to Combat Illiteracy and strength of this group. She has H C. TUCKER, Secretary of the burned her innumerable idols and in • Brazilian Agency of the Ameri- their place are found gospel invitacan Bible Society, writes in the tion verses. "

Ch /·istian Observer: "Seventy-five per cent of the population of Brazil Weekly Pay…ents for a Bible R is. illiterate, according to a recent fed-EV. GEORGE P. HOWARD, Field Secretary in Argentina for eral census. And this in one of the civilized countries of the world! the -World's Sunday-School Associa- What is the Brazilian Government tion, writes of an institute held in doing in the way of providing educa- Buenos -,-'ires for Sunday-school tional facilities for illiterate adults V work where he had an exhibit of the At present, the federal, state and mu- available literature and helps for nicipal resources available for educa- teachers. and Christian workers. "It tion are by no means adequate for is most comforting to see what a fine schools for the population between collection of books we have gradually the ages of six and fourteen years. published in Spanish in the different Consequently there is no money to countries and by the various denomi- provide for the teaching of illiterate nations. Almost the entire exhibit adults. A League to Combat Illiter- was sold out two or three times. It acy was organized several years ago is encouraging to see that our work- in the capital of the republic and has ers are beginning to realize the need extended its work into most, if not all, for reading and study. I have been of the states. Considerable interest able to get many of our Sunday- has been awakened and some definite schools to put in workers' libraries.

work is being accomplished. A League In nearly every case, they have a li- for National Defense, which has been brary for the children. In a country in existence for several years in Rio like this where there are no public de .Janeim, has recently' appealed to libraries, you may know how useful the public for rooms and volunteers these little libraries can be. And the to teach illiterates to read and write." hopeful thing is that the children are eager to read. One little girl, in a • Influence of One Chilean WODlan Sunday-school which I was visiting, CONNECTED with the American bought a Bible; she is paying for it Presbyterian mission station in at the rate of ten cents a week. I Taltal, northern Chile, are five groups wonder how many children in Amerof Christians which are entirely se1£- ica would be willing to work for their supporting. They are led in their de- Bible in that manner?"

votional meetings in their homes by EUROPE one of their own number and contribute enough to pay for their litera- C.burch Reunion in Scotland W ture and the occasional visit 0.£ the ITH true Scottish caution, the nearest pastor. Rev. Jesse S. Smith Church of Scotland and the tells the story of one of these groups: United Free Church have been deal- "Thirty years ago the inhabitants of ing slowly with the matter of reunion, the valley brought their offerings as but the movement has been progress- a sacrifice before a sacred stone. ing steadily. The question was sent Twenty years ago one woman ac- down to presbyteries and congrega- cepted the Gospel of .Jesus Christ. tions a year ago, and returns came

927] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

before the Assemblies last May. In women's committee for work among the Church of Scotland the vote, both the women of Denmark, principally in presbyteries and congregations, for candidate work. Among the was practically unanimous for re- thirteen members of the Danish Mis- union. In the United Free Church sion Council, which includes all Dan- of Scotland, out of seventy-five or ish missions, there are two women. In eighty presbyteries, all except two the committee for missionary studies concurred, and one did not vote. In the influence of women is even the congregations of the United Free greater. Church about two thirds gave a fa- vorable vote, and of these almost The Finnish Missionary Society rethree fourths were unanimous. If the ports lights and shadows concerning Union Committee of 100, appointed its work. Among the lights must be by the Assemblies, upon which those mentioned the fact that its work has opposed to union are fully repre- increased sixfold since 1913. Then sented, are able to complete tlleir there were 3,523 baptized members. work in time, it is possible that the Now there are about 20,000 and there basis of union may be sent down by are native pastors in every field. For the Assemblies of 1927, and that the the 64 schools of that period there union will be consummated in Oc- are now 211, and the educational tober, 1928. work in Africa has moved forward in all the schools. Medical missions have Portuguese Decree on Missions increased steadily. But while the gifts for the work have increased, the T HE Portuguese Government has society has run more deeply into debt issued a decree regulating mission- with every succeeding year. ary work in Africa and Timor, in the East Indies. According to Evangeli- TransforD1ation of Oorinth cal Christendom, "provision is made for the support of Roman Catholic SO:'llE of the changes that have been missions and animosity is shown to brought about in Corinth since other missionary effort. Tolerance is the arrival five years ago of 2,700 promised to them but it is boldly children who had been evacuated stated that their methods and work from Turkey by the Near East Relief are opposed to all the traditions and are thus summarized in The New outlook of the Portuguese people. Near East: "Today Corinth numbers They are accused of being centers of between ten and eleven thousand inintrigue and their home societies of habitants. The town that in 1923 lay having been the source of false accu- drugged in dirt and disease, now sations against the Portuguese Gov- hums with activity. In the last two ernment. The paragraph devoted to years three hnndr~d new houses have Protestant missionary work bears all been built, in the erection of which the signs of rooted hostility. The at- {iye graduate boys, taught carpentry titude of the Government is, to say in the orphanage, have helped. There the least, disquieting." is a fine new hotel by the seashore. There are two open-air cinemas. A Danish and Finnish Missions theological school with seventy en- rolled pupils has sprung up on the THE outstanding fact reported for northern seashore. The Bishop of the foreign missionary organiza- Corinth, a young man and a strong tions in Denmark is the increasing factor in the progress of the town, is place being given to women. The erecting an industrial school for girls boards of societies sending out mis- that will accommodate two hundred sionaries all contain women members. and will be supported by funds de- This was a matter of continued agita- rived from the port eustollL~. A projtion for many years. Now the Dan- ect is under way, toward which a ish Missionary Society has a special million drachmas have already been

appropriated, to make a harbor of gleat field for sowing the seed of too the beautiful little bay. It is ex- Gospel. Every opening for Christian nected that this harbor will be com- instruction is taken full advantage pleted in 1928 and will bring to Cor- of, the missionaries missing no opporinth a prosperity she has not known tunity of pntting the Scriptures into for centuries and promote trade ac- the hands of these readers. The tivities that have been wakened to country is open as never before for new life since the coming of Near the g'ospel messenger . . . It is an East Relief." inspiring thing to the workers to testify openly for Christ in the midst SerlJice of Friends in Russia of the Moslem multitude.

AvVRITER in the Arnet'ican Friend TChristian Endeavor in Egypt 1 eports that in hvo towns in HE society founded in Cairo in Russia the welfare centers, the sani- I89! by Rev. J. P. White, D.D., of tarium and the work in the schools the lTnited Presbyterian Mission "are being turned over to the local marked the beginning of Christian Engovernment, who already have shared deavor work in Egypt. Today Cairo quite enthusiastically in the general has a large and very active Christian supenision, and who will, we believe, Endeavor work, and the most cosmosuccessfully carryon the welfare pro- politan Christian Endeavor societies in gram started by the Friends. The the world are to be found in that city. Friends Center in Moscow is an in- Attend a Christian EIideavor meeting ternational center in every sense of there, and you will hear many lanthe word. Often it has had to assume guages and meet Endeavorers from all the duties of a consular office. Intro- parts of the world. Egypt now has ductions are arranged, checks cashed, eighty-seven Christian Endeavor sointerpreters supplied, itineraries sug" cieties for men and boys, and twentygeste:l, lodgings located, all the hun- eight for women and girls, for custom dred and one varioHs tJlings tl18t tour- does not allow the Sexes to meet toists want done have claimed a good gether. There are nearly 5,000 mempart of the workers' time and atten- bers, and their contributions amount tion. Friends are the only outside or- to more than $5,000, most of it going ganization with sneh an office in to evangelistic work. These societies .I1osc0',", and in view of the Soviet are earnest evangelistic workers. For Government'~ kindly feeling toward instance, a few years ago a young sous there are unlimited opportnnitie~ ciety appointed an evangelistic comfor ns to develop onr Good Will mittee, which began to hold meetings (;<>nter in that city." in a town near by. The result was the building of a church which has an AFRICA attendance of about a hundred, with about fifty present at the women'8 R.eaching Moslems in Morocco prayer meeting.

T HE Southern Morocco :Iission, a Christians on the Police Force Scottish organization which sent out its first missionaries in 1889 and REI'. HENRY A. NEIPP, one of now has twenty-six workers, reports: the American Board Mi~sion at "Government schools have been Ochi1eso, West Africa, writes: opened in all the cities and towns. The youth of Morocco are thus receiv- "Our relatioM with the Portuguese ing enlightened ideas of science, Government are very good. Our adgeography, and other branches of rninl:stra.tor shows marked apprecialearning. As a result, much that they tion for the work done at Ochi1eso. were wont to consider sacred and un- Seeing that his native police force was aRsailable is now fonnd to be nnten- not above stealing and being bribed, able. and their faith in many of their he has called in new men, choosing old beliefs is being rudely shaken. In this condition of mind there is a

them from the outstations from among touch quickly and directly with any new the Christians. It is a very difficult neighbourhood. Very few Sudanese value position for these young men. The education enough to let their children stay administrator has permitted the build- a sufficient number of years to go through a primary,sehool course; but an inereasing ing of a chapel at the fort, which is a number have Borne idea that a certain great move forward, and will be a amount of education will be useful even to' great help to the many workers as well as to the Christian policemen. girls, and so are willing to let them attend a Kuttab. . . . As there are IlO social dis- tinctions in Islam the children of our Kut- Thirty evangelists from twenty out- tab schools represent evory class of society; stations came here for a special course so we touch ail, and the child of the beggar of three months. The curriculum is sits quite happily by tbe child of the judge especially adapted to their needs, and or the officer. includes lessons in the Portuguese language. A native preacher is per- Among the points which prove the mitted by the Government to have an value of the kuttab, Miss Miller menoutstation only if he knows how to tions the daily religious teaching and speak Portuguese." Bible study, including memorizing; the ready entrance to the homes of the children which is accorded to their JubUee of the Uganda Mission teacher, the consequent opportunities for talks on Christianity and hygiene, I T WAS in 1877 that the Church Mis- and for combating degrading customs, sionary Society took the Gospel to and the many means of getting into the Baganda, and many plans are be- touch with adults which the kuttab ing' made for a worthy commemoration affords, for example, a club for older of the event. A leaflet appealing for a girls, and lantern lectures for men. Jubilee Fund of £25,000, says: "The wonderful story of Uganda is one of ~~~~''''''

the precious possessions of the Church, Spiritual Growth on Kru Coast and a convincing proof that the Gospel of Jesus Christ is still the power A HIGH note of spiritual power is of God unto salvation. A great living said by Rev. W. B. Williams, church is being built up, a church Methodist missionary in Liberia, to which is showing the reality and the have been maintained during the revitality of her faith by being self- cent Native Vorkers' Institute and governing, self-supporting as regards the I<'ifth Kru District Conference. He her native church organizations, and writes: " Kever in its history had self-extending. It is hoped that the Niffoo, a former center of devil wor- Jubilee year will be to the Uganda ship, been known to be so quiet. We Church not simply a time of glad com- deeply appreciated the cooperation memoration but also a time of real given by the :,itfoo chiefs, who made a spiritual uplift to all those who pro- law, rigidly enforced, that during the fess and call themselves Christians, seven days the Methodist delegates and to that end special missions will were in Niffoo there should be no drum be held throughout the diocese." beating, dancing nor wife-beating. May God hasten the time when such Primary Schools in the Sudan legislation shall not be necessary, for ,all shall know Him, from the least to THE Church Missionary Society em- the greatest.' Increasingly do these phasizes the evangelistic value of annual gatherings of onr native lwttabs, or very elementary schools. workers show the steady improvement, and the desirability of haying them in mentally and spiritually, and the ('yen' large town in the Sndan. From steady advance in civilization being Omdurman, where the C. IVL S. has made by our Kru teachers and min- two such schools, lIiss jIiller writes: isters of the Gospel." On the confer- Prom a missionary point of view these ence Sunday a fine new church kuttalJs are a unique way of getting into building was dedicated free of debt.

THE NEAR EAST great liberty. They are all eager to Signs of Turkey's New Life send their children to school and their A CORRESPONDENT in Turkey wives to our Sunday women's meet- of Eva.ngelical Chr1:stendom calls ing."

attention to the fact that, according to the new civil code which went into Evangelizing Jews in Palestine effect in October, nominal religious THE British Society for the Propaliberty is granted to all citizens of the gation of the Gospel among the Turkish Republic. Up to the age of Jews reports for 1926: "We have eighteen, young people are expected to abundant reason to thank God for the remain in the religion of their parents, ble:ssing that is resting on the work in but after that age they are perfectly Palestine. Its growth has been wonfree to adopt whatever religion they derful. In 1921 we had but one mischoose. In accordance with this it wiII sionary; now our staff comprises ten, be possible for a Moslem after he is and they are assisted by a number of eighteen years of age to accept C11ris- honorary helpers. Then we had but tianity and to have his new status offi- one building, unfurnished, and in need cially recognized by the Government. of much repair; now we have a we11- This runs counter to the Moslem law equipped mission house on Mount concerning apostasy, and one cannot Carmel, and adjoining it new property predict how fully the new law will be has been purchased; while in the enforced, but the prospects are that center of the town we have rented the Government will carry out the premises in which we are able to deal provisions. The Government recog- with great numbers of Jews who nizes the fact that Moslem children could not otherwise be reached. Not are most influenced by religious teach- only do meetings of various kinds folings when under eighteen years of low each other in quick succession, but the Mission is crowded to the doors age. at many of them, and the marked at- tention of the Jews to the gospel mes- The American Board is authority sage is noteworthy. The services are for the significant statement that the mainly conducted in Hebrew, but ad- Turkish Secretary of E!lucation is to dresses are also given in Yiddish, select a group of promising boys and Arabic, German and English. In adlrirls ami place them in the American Board's schools.

"Inhabitants of Heaven" dition to the activities of these centers the Jewish colonies are regularly T HIS is the name given to the mem- visited by our missionaries." bers of the British Syrian Mission by grateful Druzes in Hasbeiya, because they had cured a sick young man. "Work Scholarships" at Teheran T One of them writes: "I know how HIS is the name given to a plan begun this year at the American easily thpy use such words, but we are longing to bring into these homes more College of Teheran, Persia. No student than mere physical comfo'r~. ,The receives free tuition and everyone stories the people tell us are very sad. works to earn a part or all of that We pray that the seed we try to sow which he is unable to pay. The bene- may bear real fruit one day. The fits of the plan have been many. Rec- Druzes are much more willing to listen ords in the offices have been com- than before. Today a Druze man pleted, the librar'y has been open at came and offered to do any kind OT all hours for the students, tlle pro- work for us, because I had nursed his fessors have been assisted in their wife, who is now getting better. They classes and laboratories, and special are really thankful, and all the sorrow activities have been conducted. In ad- seems to have softened their hearts, dition, the grounds of the college have so that one can speak to thelll ,vith been greatly improved. Persian

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Ymtth, published by the students, com- the support of the children. Some ments: time ago this woman gave a rupee to one of the Christian teachers, asking The whole plan of work-scholarships has her to put it in the collection on Sun- contributed something to the spirit of P~r­ day. About a fortnight ago she sh, for it has taught the honor and value handed me four annas. I asked her of work. The spirit which enables a man what her motive was in giving her to shovel dirt and carry stones will enable money to the Christian church. She him to help build a better Persia. The told me that she had been praying for willingness to do hard work, the ability to something in the name of Jesus Christ do it cheerfully, the desire to cooperate, and that Jesus had given her what the determination to have a part in the de· she wanted. I could see from her face velopment and improvement of an institu· that she was very happy. Then for a tion-all these will make finer men and a moment she became very quiet, and finer nation. finally she said, 'I know Jesus Christ hears my prayers although I am not a INDIA AND SIAM Christian.' "

Beauty in an Indian Church Help for Village Schools I N the center of a Christian settle- T HE unique work carried on by the ment in the jungle at Medak, Hy- American Presbyterian school at derabad, India, stands a Christian Moga in the Punjab is widely known in church of the proportions of a cathe- missionary circles. Two of the methods draL This is the central place of by which the school extends its inworship for the great community of fluence are thus described by Rev. R. Indian Christians, numbering over H. Carter: "One of the agencies for 50,000, who have gathered around the improving the village schools is the Rev. C. W. Posnett, a Wesleyan mis- annual Village Teachers' Institute. sionary, as a result of his thirty years' For ten days of hard work, the work in this native state. The church teachers of village schools discussed was opened a year ago, but there vital methods of Bible teaching and seemed something lacking in its beau- Christian character training, effective tiful interior, despite the, marbles and ways of teaching reading and arithmany tinted tiles. There was no metic, and how to begin project work stained glass in the windows. Six in village schools. The Village thousand Indian Christians, most of Teachers' Journal (published ten tl1em former outcastes, have given tIle times a year) has been carried on, money for a window, designed by and its service seems to be appreciated. Frank O. Salisbury, a well-known It is issued to help our missionaries British artist. The, subject is the in the supervision of the village Ascension, and Mr.. Salisbury says of schools, and to help train and inspire the window: ' 'The desire of the the village teachers in service. The donors was that their Church should subscriptions to the English edition be as beautiful as any Mohammedan number 700. There are editions in mosque or Hindu temple, and I trust nine different languages, two having that my work will help them to realize been added in the last two months. their ideal of beauty as an aid to wor- The Urdu edition alone is issued from ship." Moga."

A Hindu's Gifts and Prayers A Hospital Patient's Prayer AN Indian Christian at Jullundur, A CANADIAN Baptist missionary in the Punjab, tells this story: "A writes of a village Christian who Hindu teacher who has been in the went into a, government hospital for an City Girls' School for many years, operation: "He was a very ordinary first as a pupil and now as a teacher sort of fellow whose attendance at receives a very small salary. Her three children are all reading in the school. The husband neither lives with her nor gives her any money for

prayers was very infrequent. Yet The coming legislation will secure the eon- just before he was to go under the tinuance of the system whereby chaplains anrnsthetic he asked the district sur- belonging to the Church of England ancl geon for time to pray and this was paid by the Government of India will be his prayer: ' Lord Jesus, Thou didst sont out. die on the cross for me; if I live it is Thy will and if I die take me.' The Judson College Progressing surgeon and' the attendants, all Hin- dus, were amazed at such a testimony ENGL,ISH, Baptists report of this ineoming in such a way from such an stitution in Rangoon, Burma, "a unexpected source. The operation year of more serious application on was successful and instead of being the part of the students than ever placed in the ordinary ward he was before and to this 'can largely be placed with some caste people and credited the larger number of success- ful candidates for degrees. Among given every possible attention and those obtaining B.A. 's is the first special care. The caste people were Chinese woman candidate in Burma, an educational product of our own most kind to him and Abraham, the Henzada Mission Schools. One of the name of the Christian, was soon the Karen officials of the college has the friend of all. This has been a lesson double honor of being the Treasurer of the New University Trust and a to me and also a source of great en- member of the Legislative Council. {Jouragement. We look to the educated An interesting item in Judson's fupeople for a fuller interpretation of ture plans is the attempt now being made to collect sufficient funds from Christ sometimes, and are liable to the Christians of all races in Burma forget the lowest of the low." for a Chapel in our part of the new university plant out at Kokine, seven The Church of England in India miles from Rangoon. The President of Judson College was gratified by the T HE British Parliament will be manner in which the Bassein Sgaw caned upon this year to give sanc- Karen Association voted to pay its tion to a measure conferring autonomy quota to this worthy enterprise and upon thiR church. For a long period, expresses a hope that none of our proposals have been under consider- churches in Burma will hesitate to ation for conferring an independent follow the lead of these generous constitution npon it, and now the pro- givers." posals have been shaped in a manner satisfactory to the native communi- Retreat for Siam.ese Workers cants and without prejudice to the standing of the European and Anglo- FOR four years the evangelistic force Indian members. The situation has of the American Presbyterian been summarized thus in the London Mission in Lampang, Siam, has con- Christian: ducted what is called a "a Bible re- treat" in the mountains during the hot Today, British people temporarily resi- season. The plan had its beginning deut in India form only a comparath-cly in the realization that many of the small proportion of the Anglican commu- evangelists and colporteurs, and also nion there. At the last census, of 4,750,000 the pastors and elders in the churches, Christians in India, thf're were, in :round have too little to give out to those to figures, 387,000 Inilians belonging to the whom they minister. "Each year," Anglican communion, as compared with says Rev. Loren S_ Hanna, "we have 147,000 Europeans and Anglo-Inrlians. Such seen a definite improvement. This opposition as has been offered to proposals year it was due not only to larger atfor autonomy has Come from English-speak- tendance, but especially to a higher ing congregations who have envisaged the average quality of students and to the possibility that an Indian Church, with a deeper spiritual results." Among largo majority of Indian communicants, Jnight develop on lines uncongenial to them, and that government grants for the main· tenance of churches and chaplaincies to minister primarily to British-born servants of tho Crown in India might be withdrawn.

1927J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the forty-five who attended there 1926 there were 38 such schools in were, beside the missionary family, Hawaii; 150 in the Philippine Islands; three pastors, one theological semi- over SOO in Korea; about 20 in Burma; nary teacher, elders from several 16 in Bulgaria; 50 in Cuba; and 7 in churches, school teachers, pupils from Syria and Palestine, including one in higher grades, Bible women, evan- Jerusalem itself. Reports had not gelists and colporteurs, and a number 'come in from Japan and China, but of young men who had personal prob- four training schools for vacation lems to be settled. school teachers were held under the auspices of the Japanese National GENERAL Sunday School Union. In Australia, South America and South Africa it is Industry as Related to Missions anticipated that the movement will be well under way by spring. The THE International Mis s ion a r y policy of the Association for some Council has decided to place on the years, has been to work through misagenda of its meeting, to be held in sionaries and native Christian agen- Jerusalem in 1928, a consideration of cies. Books and curriculum materials the relation of Christianity to indus- are issued which have the background try. This action was taken pursuant and deal with the problems of each to memorials received from several country. There are vacation school sources. 'rhe one presented by the materials in Korean, Japanese, Arabie World's Committee of Y. W. C. A. and Portuguese, all worked out by contained the following: those on the field, to meet the peculiar needs of the children there. T. S. VVe trust that in this agenda a large place EVANS, Secretary, 381 Fourth Ave., will be found for consideration of economic New York. problems and industrial conditions in their relation to mission work. With every year World's Evangelical Alliance the vital importance of this relation becomes more insistent. Western industry THIS organization was founded in has im-aded the Far East, carrying with it 1846 by representatives of the the latest inventions for the promotion of churches of Great Britain, with delemass production, too often unaccompanied gates from the Continent and the by any of the safeguards which have been United States. Henry Martyn Gooch, painfully worked out in the course of a secretary of the British organization century for the protection of the European for the past twenty-five years, recently worker. Side by side with the machinery of stated that, in the past ten years of 1926 flourish the factory abuses of 1802; progress by the Alliance, nothing had child labor as England knew it in the early been more marked than the increasdays of the industrial revolution, night em- ingly close association with missionary ployment of women, boys, and girls, hours societies through the Week of Prayer. cruelly and wastefully long, conditions of Relations were early established with employment full of peril to life, limb, and the National Christian Councils of health. When industry in this form is set China and India; while warm fellowup by men of Western race coming from ship exists with the Japan Book and countries nominally Christian, fellow-citi· Tract Society, and with numbers of zens of the missionaries who preach the individual missionaries, far and wide, Christian faith on the mission field itself, as well as with numerous other misthe question as to the attitude of the Church sionary bodies. Plans are under way in the face of such negations of the teach· for an 80th Anniversary Thanksgiving of our Master inev,tably arises. It has ing Fund of at least £10,000. The put in bewilderment and distress of· mind Fund will be expended in the direct Eastern people who have accepted the new aims of the Alliance by living agents, teaching-such as Chinese Christians-and and not upon buildings. An outstandaroused indignant contempt in their fellow ing need, also, is additions to the staff. countrymen who, rejecting the Gospel, can point triumphantly to the contrast between Christian principles and practice.

Daily Vacation Bible Schools AREPORT issued by the Interna- tional Association of Daily Vacation Bible Schools announces that in

books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-

'l'HE REVIEW.

The China Year Book, 1926-27. Edited by Who, " though with thirteen Chang, H. G. W, Woodhead. Pp, xxix, 1320. nineteen Chen, twenty-nine Li, and $12.50. forty-nine Wang entries, for illustra- What the "Statesman's Year tion, foreigners not knowing the Book" is to the entire world, this Chinese eharacters given would still bulky volume is to China and Us dependencies. Its mass of topics may be at Sea as to "Who's Who" of those be seen in its eleven-page table of numerous families. The draft of the contents and its twenty-nine page in- New Constitution of China, adopted dex. Of the hundreds of subjects, we in December, 1925, is as interesting cim select only a few which will ap- as it is inactive. A Bibliography for peal most 'to the R1EvIEw's constitu- 1925-26, briefly annotated, supplies ency and to prospective and actual Chinese missionaries, the best literary account of China of recent years, though not as full as is desirable. Single pages, like that on The chapters upon Geography, J. Yen's "Mass Education Move- Climate and Meteorology are an au- ment," are intensely interesting; thoritative and interesting presenta- though one looks in vain for any full tion of factors intimately affecting statement as to the National Script.

missionary life and usefulness, So The Chicago University Press is to be also is the section by Sir E. T. Back- thanked for importing these volumes house upon the Chinese Language, for American use. H. P. B.

and' the preceding sketches on the people and their history. Chapter American Villagers, C. Luther Fry. 8 yo. XIII gives an excellent account of 201 pp. $2.50. New York. 1926.

education in the R.epublic, with a very There is much new information and favorable showing for the many mental delight in C. Luther Fry's higher institutions under missionary book. In this study, conducted under care. In Chapter XVIII the various the auspices of the Institute of Social religions are described with a fairly and Religious Research, Dr. Fry adequate sketch of Protestant Mis- shows that the village is not properly sions, though with no statistics a part of the rural population but a (found in an earlier issue). A full way of life more different from the account of Roman Catholic workers country than it is from the city. He is given and their converts and ad- confirms the language of an East In- herents are said to number 2,277,421 dian who traveled in America re- in 1!>23-24, under the care of seven- cently and before setting sail said, teen Orders and Congregations. The "In India our villages are agricul- Labor and Anti-foreign Agitation tural but so far as I can observe your chapter was brought up to date, but American villages are cities." We much has since happened affecting have been mistaken hitherto in believ- foreigners. The Sino-Soviet Confer- ing that the village loses or gains its ence of 1924 constitutes an interesting population with the open country.

side-light on Soviet designs and Chi- The increase of villages surpassed nese relations thereto. Chapter XXX that of the open country in the first is China's seventy-four page "Who's twenty years of this century as 47.2 158

THE MISSIONARY LiBRARY

compares with 5.4. This is much the nature of the change and what it imparts." These Lowell Lectures, denearer the rate of growth of cities. livered in King's Chapel, Boston, during February, 1926, are in four Indeed, Dr. Fry shows that, except chapters: Religion in History; Reli. gion and Dogma; Body and Spirit; for one type of small city, the village Truth and Criticism. The volume aims to give a concise analysis of the showed the most rapid growth of any various factors in human nature which show the development of reliunit in the population. gion. The author's contention is that the ages of faith are the ages of ra- When church people come to under- tionalism. He tries to show the in· evitable transformation of religion stand the village they will cease to with the transformation of knowl- edge. The foundation of religion is load the village down with churches. found in our apprehension of those permanent elements which insure a Leaders forget two things: First, stable order in the changing world. Religion for Mr. Whitehead is the that the village is not going to be a longing of the spirit that the facts of existence which man. knows should city and cannot stand too many find their justification in the nature of exi~tence. churches; second, that the village is There are many points in which not a living part of the open country, we do not agree with the writer, but he certainly challenges thought. so that the farmers will not auto- J. F. R. matically come to a village church. W. W. Cassells, First Bishop of Western The greatest proportion of minis- China. Marshall Broomhall. Illus., maps, xxiii, 378 pp. 68. net. London. 1926. ters in America live in the village. The reviewer recalls a Thursday There are more parsons per thousand morning in late April, 1885, when the subject of this biography, fresh persons than in the city and far more from his London curacy, came into our Tung Chou home en route for than in the open country. Shansi. Thero he spent the opening months of his China apostleship, prior Dr. Fry; who takes his material to passing on to the great and needy province of Sze ch 'uan, where his life from the Census, shows that the em- work lay, first as a member of the China Inland Mission, and later for ployment groups of men-though not thirty years as Bishop of the Church of England. As cricket player at in the same degree of the women- Repton, as "footer" at Cambridge Gniversity, and later as one of the are nearly uniform throughout the famous "Cambridge Seven" who aroused a greater interest in China country. It has long been obvious to Missions than any other group had done, he had left his impress upon students that the village has an anat- all who came to know him. The spiritual impression made by him and omy of its own, that it has invariable his companion, Stanley Smith, upon our station and upon Peking missionelements which you may look for as aries was a sample and prophecy of you ride in in your car, or ride up from the railroad station, seeking a service unit. Dr. Fry shows that population divisions by occupations are also uniform throughout the countrv.

The'delight of the book is that of reading a skilled and vivid story in which statistics are made to do magic.

The author makes use of measure- ment to convey information in a man- ner so skilful as to delight and satisfy the mind. w. H. W.

Religion in the Making. Alfred North Whitehead. 160 pp. $1.50. New York. 1926.

That John Dewey writes commending this book is a fact which speaks for itself. He says: "There is news in the realm of mind. The mentality which has prevailed for three centuries is changing. Whitehead says the change is not short of revolutionary . . . He does succeed in a wonderful way in giving his readers a sense of what he continued to do for forty Amid dangers an.d heavy burdens he years. is so buoyed up by a living faith that The items in that remarkably fruit- one cannot read the record without ful service are set forth in such an abiding uplift. His cathedral city detail that one sees the devoted Chris- was Pao Ning, "protecting Serenity tian and missionary in his private of mind" or " peace, " whi eh describes and public life with a vividness that the Bishop, whether in his home, in rarely appears even in missionary bi- his shipwrecks on the Yang tze, in ographies. Yet it is not pictured perils of robbers, or when perplexed as to duty by the call of the Archwith much scenic or ethnological bishop of Canterbury from his remote background. It is written much as western outpost to the Mid-China Henry Martyn or David Brainerd Bishopric-an honor which he dewould have recorded their missionary clined. Bishop Cassells had no experiences. The "Imitation of Christ, " the writings of Frances "small talk" to waste, and humor was Ridley Havergal and those of the sadly lacking; but heavenly conver- Keswick type, are examples of the sation, upbuilding addresses and style found here, both in the Bishop's sermons wrought a rich harvest dur- ing the forty years at his inland post. own words and in the wonderful edit- Here is an apostolic memoir of our ing of Marshall BroomhalI, who has, own day, the portrait of a spiritual in this volume, added another valu- giant as he strives personally to overable contribution to missionary litera- come besetting evils and as he leads ture. his scattered flocks into the green Bishop Cassells had a difficult task set before him,-to act at once as a pastures and beside the still waters of superintendent of the China Inland Mission in Eastern Sze-ch 'nan and as the Christian life. Well did the the first Bishop of the Church of England, presiding oyer missionaries Archbishop of Canterbury, write of and churches of that denomination belonging to' the China Inland Mis- him: "The death [Nov. 7, 1925] of Bishop Cassells removes from among us one of the very foremost mission- aries of our time." H. P. B.

sion. This position of mediatorship The Cost of a New World. Kenneth Mae· between bodies so different in person- lennan. 8 vo. 185 pp. with appendix and nel and methods, Cassells filled most index. $1.00. New York. 1926. 28 6d.

wonderfully, mainly because he was London. 1926.

himself filled with the Spirit of God. Kenneth Maclennan is Secretary of Rarely do we see a biography which the Conference of Missionary Socieso impresses the reader with the life ties in Great Britain and Ireland, and filled with constant eyidences of the General Secretary of the United victorious Christ living within him. Council for Missionary Education. The Bishop cannot write a paragraph The object of tliis book is to present without clothing his thought in words a brief suryey of the material forces of Scripture, and his prayers were at work in the pre-war world and to truly his "vital breath." reveal the relation of Christianity to But action in yaried circumstances current world moyements.

and in "perils oft" is not left out No age of Christian history has had of the picture. Paul '8 Iliad of woes more serious problems to solve than in 2 Cor. 11 is here eclipsed in many has ours. Our problems are such as ways; and what that missionary dis- the g-rowth of nationality and the de- missed in the words, "there is that velopment of internationalism; race which presseth on me daily, anxiety antagonisms; the revolt of youth; for all the churches," fills many the industrialization of the Orient; p~ges-yet. the "anxiety" is always the opening of Africa; the awaken- mmgled wlth profound trust in his ing of national aspirations, especially Elder Brother and Heavenly Father. in the Far East, and the breakup of

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1926

RUTH MUSKRAT, }, FULIrBLOODElD CHEROKEE INDIAN FROM

TWO MILUON LEPERS of the world await the response of Christians to Christ's command: "Cleanse the Lepers."-Matthew 10: 8.

PETE No. ONE was a real pig, fed with 'corn by a Kansas school boy. Later • he was sold, and the proceeds saved the life of a leper.

I PETE No. Two was an iron bank, made in imitation of Pete No. One. He was fed CO;II in the back instead of corll on the ear, and he, too, saved the life of a leper. J FORTY-E'GHT THOUgA!oID of these "Pete" banks are now being fed by in- dividuals and groups. '

HOW TO HELP. If ~'OU want to join the Golden Pete Bank Brigade of helpers of the lepers, send for the free printed story and a bank, at 15 cents postpaid.

THE AMERICAN MISSION TO LEPERS 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Room 1118-M_ BOOK REVIEWS pages of prayers make up this pam-. phlet. It will not satisfy conservative Hymn Stories. Elizabeth Colson. 88 pp. Christians. The topics covered in- $] .25. B9.ton. 1925. clude morning and evening worship, nature, praise, prayer, consecration, With exceptional success, the au- service, brotherhood and uatriotism. They are devotional and educational thor has attained her purpose of rather than evangelistic. The old showing leaders how to create among hymns are better than the new. children and youth interest in hymn singing. A year's worship services suitable for the junior department :Progressive Christianity. William A. Vroo· of church schools, for weekday schools man. 8vo. 377 pp. $2.50. New York. of religious education, Daily Vacation 1926.

Bible Schools, or junior or young Here is an effort to review and ap- praise all kinds of Christian faith- people's organizations are suggested. Roman Qatholic, Evangelical. Unitar- The church year is followed in the ar- ian, conservative and radical. About two hundred and fifty authors are rangement, and the programs of quoted or referred to–most of them so-called "modernists "-but most of worship are centered upon. 'l'welve the clearest and best Christian ex- ponents are ignored. The result is great hymns of the Church are used a conglomeration-informing but not clarifying to constructive thought. as a center. In addition to the stories of the hymns, there are also suggestions for spontaneous dramatizations and con- versations and for varied activities.

Leaders of juniors will count this book most valuable. K. s. C.

Sarangie, a Child of Chosen. Lois H. Fundamental Christianity. Francis L. Pat· Swinehart. 8vo. 157 pp. $1·25. New ton. 12mo. 324 pp. $2.25. New York. York. 1926. 1926.

Here is an unusually interesting The former president of Princeton story of a Korean girl whose mother was a courtesan and a sorceress and University is a thinker and an edu- who sold her into the life of a danc- ing girl. Sarangie was twice rescued cator. His latest book is made up of by an American missionary with much difficulty and adventure. Those who a series of lectures that he delivered begin the story will be sure to finish it and will find it worth while. in Union Theological Seminary in Virginia in 1924 and in many churches all over America since that time. They are popular lectures for thinking Christians on the Theistic Song and Worship for Young People's View of the World, Authority in Re- Conferencell. Edited by Sidney A. Weston. S4 pp. 50 cents each or 35 cents ligion, the New Christianity, Christ each for 50 or more. Boston. 1926. and Pauline Theology. Dr. Patton is Fifty-four good hymns-old and new-fourteen orders of worship clear cut, conservative, toloogpicpaol~enwtesl.l for various occasions-a conglomera- informed and courteous tion of various religions-and three These lectures are worthy of careful reading.

(Concluded on Brd cover.) THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAYAN L. PIERSON, EJUor CONTENTS FOR SEPTEMBER, 1926 _ Page .FRQNTI!3.PJECE ..•.•…. MISS RUTH MUSKR.AT, A FuLL-BLOODED OHEROKEE INl>IAN EDITOIUALS " …………………………………………..• , . . . . . . .. 661 THE CHURCH AND STATE IN MEXICO A MEXICAN VIEW OF THE L'RISIS MISSION SCHOOL REGULATIONS IN CmNA THE PRESENT CHRISTIAN SITUATION IN INDIA A TRAVELER'S OBSERVATIONS IN INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . ANTHONY W. EVANS 667 A New York pastor vividly describes his reactions to the sceMS recently witnessed in India and his interviews with missionaries and natives.

MISS RUTH MUSKRAT WINS THE PRIZE ………………………•…. . 672 A full·blooded Cherokee Indian graduate of Mt. Holyoke CoUege is awarded the prize for the graduate of the Class of '25,wno, in. her first year (Jut of college, did the 'fIIost to pass on the benefits of her. pducation to others.

DAN CRAWFORD: CHRISTIAN PIONEER OF AFRICA .. GEOROE EDWIN TIL8LEY 675 The story of Dan Crawfo'rd's last days in. Afriaa and a recent letter from him describi1log the work to which he devoted his life. ,.

JAMES CHALMERS, MARTYR OF PAPUA …………… '..,… …………… 681 The twenty·fifth anniversary of the death of James Chalm~rs and his aowpanions at the hands of New Guinea can.nibals. ', .

A MIR.ACLE WROUGHT IN WEST AFRIOA ……….. .'.'WALTER B. WILLIA':rJs'6ga The stirr-intg account of the results of missionary work on the Kru (Joast of West Af,·ica.

RURAL RELIGIOUS EDUCATION .. , …………….. WALTER ,ALBION SqUIRES 687 The story of the il,iffic-ulties and aohievements of religious educational w'!rft.. in the rural districts of Ameriaa. ;,"

THE .COOPERATING COUNTRY CHURCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MARJORIE t>AlM'EN "691 A brief' account of what has been aocomplished th,.ough cooperation: 'mllong Protestant churches in typieal rural communities. ."

HOW KIM NAM·PO HELPED BUILD A CHURCH ….. WILLIAM NEWTON BLAIR 695 A most in.teresting aocount 01 the work of a Korean Christian woman and "er efTemive 8ervine withaut ~vealth or Mcial position. .

A CEN~R OF CHRISTIAN ACTIVITY IN KOREA . . . . . . . GHARLES S. DEMING 697 The work of the, Arth"r T. Pier,llon Memorial Bible Sohool in behalf of Christian eduoation in the Seoul district. ,~" ,-,.'

SOME ADVANTAGES OF COOPERATION … , …………….. JOHN R. Mo'rT 699 .A foroefu! presentation Of what has been. accomplished through the lrieniny unified action of Protestant .Christians working at home and abroad.

THE COURAGE OF KURAMOTO SAN …. , ….. , ………… JEAN·M. PALMORE ,~~* COSTUMING MOSLEM PLAYS AND PAGEANTS' …' .. , …… MRS. E. C. CRONK WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS ……. , …………………. 711 Representing the Council of Women for Home Missions and the Fedet'lktion 01 Woman's Bo(>r;ds of Foreign Mis8ion8.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……… , ",.. , ….. ,……………•.••.. , …• 717 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ………………………………..•……. 733 Tl!JRMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five:) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 eents. Published monthly. Copyrig4ted, 1926, by MISSIONARY REvIEW PUSLISIDN(l COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIE;W PUBLISHING COMPANY. Ine.

Robert E. Speer, President Wm. 1. Chamberlain, Vice-President , Delavan 4. Pierson, Secretary Walt~r McDougall, Treasurer !'s~b1~~~: ollice, 3d " ReU;y Sto., Ha~~;u~g:;y~:; Editorial and BU~~~.y~~CCit;S6 Fifth Avenue, ltntered as lecond·clau matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March ;I, 1819· the Congo, Mr. Clark for forty-eight and A Significant Mrs. Clark for forty-six. Mr~. Clark is the Testimony first. woman to receive th*is decoration. ~* concerning REV. GEORGE G. S. GILLETT has been ap' ANNUITIES pointed Editorial Secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, with headquarters in. London.

•* MISS JOY TAYLOR is the newly-appointed head of the Department of Missionary Edu· cation of the United Christian Missionary Society. • After careful investigation a REV. MORDECAI W. .JOHNSTON, of charles- generous donor recently ..ave ton, W. Va., has been elected president of one of our Mission. Boards $228,000, all his property, on . . . Howard University, Washington, D. C., the the Annuity Plan. Why not investigate for yourself the se- first Negro to occupy the position. curity of these ANNUITY AGREEMENTS and the many REV. ARTLEY B. PARSON, associate for- advantaees of the Plan? eign secretary of the Department of Mis· .sions and Church Extension of the National Write to Council of the Protestant Episcopal Church, left New York in August, accompanied by W. J. Elliott. Treasurer, Board 01 Home Mi.- Mrs. Parson, for a six-months' trip, during sions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episco- which he expects to attend the Le Zoute pal Church, 17.0I Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. conference and to visit the missions of his church in Liberia. Morria W. Ehn…. Treasurer, Board 0/ For. Miuiom 0/ the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 .. * Fifth Avenue, New Yorl;, N. Y. REV. HnN'RY H. PlWCTOR. a Negro whose parents were slaves, was recently elected Moderator of the New York Association of Congregational ,Churehes, a body whose 31,000 members include fewer than 5,000 Negroes.

*** PERSONALS MR. RALPH F. BARTON has been elected Exeeutive Secretary for the Continuation REV. CHARLES R. ERDMAN, D.D., of Princeton, who was Moderator of General . . . Committee of the Evanston Interdenomina- Assembly last year, has been elected Presi· dent of the Board of Foreign Missions of tional Student Conference, with headquarthe Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., to ters at 15C Fifth Avenne, New York City. succeed the late Rev. J. C. R. Ewing, D.D. K.C.I.E. MISS Y. .J. FAN, one of the secretaries of the National Christian Council of China, REV. RoBER.T H. GLOVER, M.D., F.R.G.S., has been ohliged for reasons of health to for eiglteen years a missionary in China resign from her position. and for- the past five years Director of Missionary. El:tDqation at the Moodyi Bible OBITUARY Institute, has aceepted the position of As· sistant Home Director for North America REv. H. JOHN CooPER. RoBINSON, D.D., of the China Inland Mission. for thiny-eight years a missionary in Ja· pan of the Church of England in Canada, *** died suddenly in July, at the beginning of Mas. KATHERINE W. EDDY, former hostess his furlough.

of the International Friendship House of .. * the Y. W. C. A. in Japan is planning to sail for Honolulu this month, to become the REV. MAXWELL CHA.PLIN, a member of head of the Y. W. C. A. work there. the IGangnan Mission of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., died of cholera at *** Tsingtao, China, in July, in his thirty·sixth year. REv. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D., Miss Jean K. Mackenzie, and Miss Irene Shep- .. * * pard are to represent the Presbyterian (U. S. A.) Board of Foreign Missions at the DR. FRIEDRICH WUERZ, a well known world conference on Africa in Le Zoute, writer and lecturer and the editor of the Belgium, September 14th to 21st. EVl,lngeUsches Missionsmagazin of the Basel Mission, Switzerland, died suddenly *** all .June 4th.

DR. W. H. LESLIE and the Rev. and Mrs. *** Joseph Clark, all three Baptist· missionaries in the Belgian Congo, have .been dec- DR. fuCOIDS of the Hermannsburg Misorated as Chevalier de I 'Order Royal du sion, Germany, died on June 4th at'the age Lion by the King of Belgium. Dr. Leslie of seventy-nine. He has been director of has worked for more than thirty years in the Hermannsburg Mission for thirty years. Miss Muskrat, a stu~ent at Mt. Holyoke College, reeently presented President Coolidge with a copy of ., The Red Man in the United States," an intimate study of the present-day Indian, gotten out under the auspices of the Institute of Social and Religious Research. In this presentation she acted as the "epresentative of the Indian students of the United States.

"Our old life has gone," Ruth Muskrat said in her appeal to The Great White Father. "A new trail must be found, for the old is not good to travel farther. We must have schools. We must have help and encouragement from OUr white brothers." (See page 672.)

SEPTEMBER, 1926

XLIX, NINE THE CHURCH AND STATE IN MEXICO M ANY people fail to understand the present conflict in Mexico because they look for an intellectual or moral explanation and overlook the historical basis. The Constitution, which President Calles is endeavoring to enforce, is a revision (with some additions) of the Constitution of 1857. That instrument provided for the complete separation of Church and State, prohibited monastic orders, and nationalized church property. The adoption of this Constitution led to a long civil war and to foreign invasion; it enshrined liberties that were secured at the cost of blood. When the clerical party was defeated and Benito Juarez became president, the activities of the Roman Catholic party were transferred across the seas to the chancelleries of Europe. Napoleon III lent himself to their purposes, and ostensibly for the collection of a debt sent an army to Mexico in 1862. Defeated in a famous battle at Puebla, it was reinforced by fresh troops from France, and drove the republican army with Juarez and his cabinet to the remote corners of the country. The clerical party then invited the Archduke Maximilian to rule over Mexico as Emperor and, for two years, he was sustained in power by French bayonets. In 1866 the Government of the United States protested the presence of French troops on this continent and Napoleon was obliged to withdraw them. This action led to the triumph of the republican forces and to the downfall and death of Maximilian. The Church had staked its all on Maximilian, and consequently when he fell, it suffered the woes of the conquered. Church property was confiscated and the Constitution of 1857 was enforced amid protests similar to those being heard today.

In the conflict that followed the famous Reform Laws were proposed for the purpose of making effective the separation of Church and State. These laws were first enacted in 1859 and were consolidated into a single law in 1874 during the presidency of Lerdo de 661

Tejado. They were finally incorporated in Articles 3, 5, 37, and 130 of the present Constitution, adopted in 1917. One of the most important of these provisions states that" only a Mexican by birth may be a minister of any religious creed in Mexico." This is the crucial point in the present conflict.

Many American newspapers give the impression that the Mexican Government is persecuting the Church and is prohibiting its public worship. The same impression seems to prevail also in Mexico, for apparently a. great wave ,of religious devotion swept over the people as the first of August drew near, when by order of the Roman Catholic Archbishop, all priests were to be withdrawn from their churches and religious services were suspended. In anticipation of being deprived of religious rites, multitudes thronged the- churches in order to confess or to have their infants baptized. A society of Catholic women of the capital sent an appeal to the wife of President Calles; and asked why their church should be so bitterly attacked. Tlle natural inference from these demonstrations is that after August 1 the Roman Church is not to be free to go on with its religious services. In reality the outcry is against the regulation proliioiting foreign priests from exercising a religious ministry in Mexico.

According to The New York Times, unofficial figures, obtained at the archepiscopal offices of the Church of Rome in Mexico City, give an estimate of between 20,000 and 25,000 priests stationed in about 12,000 churches in Mexico. Undoubtedly: a large number of these priests (at least two thirds) are Mexicans who can continue to officiate at church services in harmony with the law. But the Church of Rome considers the presence of foreign priests necessary to maintain a living connection with its center of authority. As in England, in the days of Henry the Eighth, the issue turns on the right of a foreign power, as represented by the Vatican, to interfere in the government of a national church. President Calles says that the Church must be Mexican; the Pope says that it must be Roman.

The Government, while not on the defensive against Protestant churches as it is against the Roman Catholic, has impartially applied the law to all. The constitutional restrictions, instead of hampering Protestant work, have helped the missionaries to be more consistent and more urgent in realizing their goal of establishing self-supporting and self-governing Mexican churches. More responsibility will be upon Mexican pastors and leaders.

According to the "World Missionary Atlas" (published in 1925), there were then 280 Protestant foreign missionaries in Mexico, of whom only 62 were ordained missionaries. None of these are pastors of churches. There were reported last year 680 Mexican Christian workers connected with these missions, of whom 133 were ordained. The Protestant communicant church members numbered

EDITORIAL OOMMENTS

less than 25,000 out of a population of over fifteen million. In Prot- estant mission schools there were 12,724 pupils, the vast majority of whom were in elementary grades. , .

The Protestant Mis~ion Boards are endeavoring to conduct their work strictly in harmony with the constitution and laws of Mexico.

There seems still to be a place for foreign missionaries as teach- ers in secondary schools and theological seminaries, but it is not quite clear as to the limitations under which they must work. Of one thing we are certain: the pioneer stage of missions in Mexico has passed; foreigners can help Mexico only as they manifest a fra- ternal, rather than a paternal spirit. c. s. D.

A MEXICAN VIEW OF THE CRISIS T HE religious agitation in Mexico is not religious persecution on the part of the Government but arises from an effort on the part of the Government to enforce existing laws so as to put an end'to the political activities of the dominant church which has been a State Church for more than 330 years. This Church, which used to control all public activities, has not given up her political program. This program produced dissatisfaction and created divisions in her own ranks. The task of education was left in her hands by the Government, but in spite of the fact that she had more than three times as much income as the Colonial Government and had a real army of religious teachers, she did not educate the people. When Mexico secured her independence only about one half of one per cent of the people knew how to read and write. In place of training and giving preferment to the native clergy, who loved their country and desired the well-being of the people, she brought from Spain ecclesiastics to occupy the high positions of the church in Mexico. That created a division in her own ranks of the clergy and a great animosity between the lower and the higher clergy. The church formed a political party and when an election could not be secured in behalf of her party, she appealed to all sorts of unworthy means to obtain power. The leaders in the liberal party could not accept the plan of combining the religious with temporal a:ffairs, and tried to separate the one from the other. So the Constitution of 1857 and the Reform Laws of 1859 separated the Church from the State, establishing the liberty of worship, the liberty of thinking and of teaching, which the Church never accepted.

The fight has gone on up to the present day. About ten years ago, when the last revolution was at its highest point, one of the leading Catholic Mexican priests, the Vicar General of the Archbishopric of Mexico, published the following statements which will explain this most unfortunate long and bitter struggle, from the point of view of the clergy itself:

The Catholic clergy in Mexico is divided into two large groups-the creole clergy, self-denying and poor, who have, as a rule, charge of the village parishes; and the imported clergy, mostly European, rich and proud, who have great influence in the episcopates and bishoprics, as also in the rich parishes. The creole clergy have sympathized with the movements which have broken out from time to time for the progress and freedom of the Mexican people The other group in Mexico has worked in favor of reaction and against freedom. They have tried to constitute themselves a privileged class and have incited to civil strife ever since Mexico became an independent country. . . . They have abused the pulpit and their moral influence over the ignorant classes and have forced lay teachers to bind themselves that in the instruction of children they would not observe the principle of liberty of creeds, and that they would act in the interests of the Catholic Church. . . . The majority of the people of Mexico today, as in the memorable time of Juarez, cannot and will not tolerate the existence in Mexico of a privileged class, however respectable, who, under the pretext of defending a dogma. perpetrate all kinds of excesses and constantly disturb the public peace, unmolested and unrestrained. . . .

The Mexican Government is now trying to enforce existing laws to suppress the political activities or the small group of the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church, or of any other church which may have a similar program. There is no attempt to interfere with re- ligious liberty, but rather to protect the liberty of worship by keep- ing religion out of politics, so as to leave every person free in mat- ters of conscience. If every church would confine itself to a religious program there would be no conflict whatever for the Government is also doing a real human and highly Christian labor. President Obre- gon said some three years ago to the Catholic bishop of Mexico: The fundamental program of the Catholic Church, as it is interpreted by those entrusted with its destinies, consists principally in guiding all souls along the path of virtue, morality and brotherhood-using these terms in their broadest sense–aiming on the basis of these noble purposes to assure infinite happiness for all in the life eternal.

The fundamental aims of the present Mexican Government, in which it believes it is faithfully interpreting the desires of' people, may be summed up thus: To guide all the people of Mexico along the path of morality, virtue and brotherhood-using these terms in their broadest sense-aiming on the basis of these purposes to achieve a greater well·being for the earthly life. If these two programs can be realized there will result the most far-reaching conquest of well-being ever known on earth because the well-being and happiness thus sought would have been attained both in this life and in the next. . . . In this basic conception of the two programs there is not only nothing mutually exclusive, but there should be on the contrary, indisputable har- mony.

Some local authorities may misinterpret the constitutional pro- visions, but the government officials have said publicly that the spirit of the Constitution is to control only political activities of any church and that such spirit will always prevail in interpreting the law. ANDRES OSUNA.

1926J EDITORIAL COMMENTS 6jl5

MISSION SCHOOL REGULATIONS IN CHINA A NATION that is in the throes of a new birth shouldibe dealt with patiently. With political, social, intellectual and reli- gious upheavals disturbing the whole fabric of Chinese life, it is not to be wondered at that Christian missionary work is subject to many difficulties. The Church at home and Christians in aU lands should pray most earnestly for China a.nd her leaders, should sympathize with them in their difficult task and should continue to work with them patiently.

Among the difficulties that confront the missionaries are those in Christian education. Regulations recently issued by the Ministry of Education in Peking not only provide for the proportion of Chinese in the management of schools which the Government will recognize, but declare that "the institution shall not have as its purpose the propagation of religion, nor shall it include religion among its required courses." Mr. Gilbert McIntosh, a Presbyterian missionary since 1891, says: Many of the students in missionary schools feel that their careers are being endangered if the schools refuse to rebrister with the Ministry of Education. If their diploma was from an unregistered school there might be handicaps in the future. They forget that many Chinese from mission schools have risen high in public life without having the advantage of a diploma from a registered school. Another thing that is forgotten at the present time is that if the new educational order was carried to a logical conclusion, courses in Buddhism or Taoism, or in comparative religions, would be illegal.

Many Chinese Christian educators are in favor of registration; an equal number feel it would be a mistake to modify the Christian character of higher education. Instead of compromise there should be endeavor to discover ways and means of making the colleges more Christian. Among the missionary educators there is the recognition of the fact that one must expect opposition; it is part of the price to be paid in any endeavor to spread the teaching of Christ. Many would rather close the schools than lower the standard. We ask your prayers that God will overrule and guide His servants, and maintain the glory of His name.

Lloyd Balderston, recently sent to China by the Society of Friends in the United States to study conditions there, writes that "whatever adverse criticism the total work of missionary education may merit, it has in many ways rendered to China inestimable service, generally acknowledged. These and all other schools are continually struggling with the problem of how to persuade Chinese youth that it is honorable to work. The corollary to the ancient honor accorded the scholar is the idea that scholarship is the road to ease. This idea dies hard. The new regulations requiring all mission schools to register with the Government place certain disabilities upon graduates of unregistered schools. Terms of registration include a Chinese principal or vice-principal, a Chinese majority on the managing board, and restrictions in regard to required courses in religion."

While the Chinese, doubtless, have a right to regulate the educational system in their land, they should recognize the principle of religious fr,eedom and the benefits of religious education. Missionary schools and colleges that cease to teach the Christian religion and that do not have as their chief aim the winning of their students to Christ and loyal obedience to Him have ceased to be Christian missionf,try institutions and 'should not 3:sk s~pportfrom the home Chur~h on the ground that they are. such. Missi(,Hlaries can better afford to give up their property, theIr salaries and their lives than to be disloyal to their offices and ministries as ambassadors of Jesus Christ, winning men and women of all nations to His standard.

Present Christian Situation in India BY REV. JAMES F. EDWARD, POONA, INDIA Editor of the Dnyanodaya W HEN I first arrived in India in 1908, the attitude of India to Jesus was mostly what might be called hard and unyielding, if not hostile. Within the first six months, missionary duty called me to Lucknow and, on the way, I visited a friend at Kashi or Benares, the holy city of over two hundred and sixteen millions of Irmdus. Taking a little boat on the Ganges, we sailed up the sacred river as far as Ramnagar, on the opposite bank, and I can never forget the cry that greeted us as our missionary party sailed past some of the orthodox who were engaged in holy ablutions. "Jesus be accursed!" was the greeting that fell on our ears.

That took place seventeen years ago. The change that has taken place in India's attitude to Jesus can only be described as a revolution. The question today that confronts the student of India's religious development is not whether Jesus will ever win India's heart, wEich was the question in 1908. The question, rather, is to discover the methods whereby Jesus is actually accomplishing this wonderful thing before our very eyes. To every such unbiased student, the chief thing that impresses him is not merely that Jesus is attracting to Himself individual Indians at a rate several times larger than that of the country's annual increase of population, though this is a fact worthy of note. But the twofold wonder of India at the present hour is the Christianizing of well nigh every movement in India, and the Indianizing of the Christian movement itself, with Jesus as the dynamical center of attraction in both these cardinal facts. The situation, in truth, is one of the biggest in the history of Christendom, the only fear being whether we, who are living in the actual situation, will be big enough to deal with it as it requires.

, ,':,

SHORIII OF GANGES AT BENARElS WHERE WIll TOOK A BOAT TO SEE THE

A Traveler's Observations in India BY REV. ANTHONY W. EVANS, D. D., NEW YORK Pastor of the West Park Presbyterian Chureh O N THE steamer Pilsna, going from Port Said to Bombay, I ~et a family of Parsees who were returning from a. visi~ to England. The two men wore modern dress and theIr Wives were clothed in the graceful flowing Parsee garments. They were thoroughly cultured, the men showing evidence of high intelligence and speaking English fluently. One was the collector of a district in the province of Bombay, and was familiar with the British Government throughout India. He declared himself a nationalist and was looking forward hopefully to a government in India by Indians similar to the Dominion Government in Canada. At the same time he believed that it would be a calamity for the British to withdraw from India as he considered their administration wise and just, and necessary for the maintenance of order and the promotion of progress. He cooperated with them heartily, while working for the extension of home rule. He spoke highly of Christian missionaries, emphasizing particularly their sympathy with the people and their hUiIlanitarian services.

The other Parsee gentleman was a man of spiritual insight and strong religious feelings. He revealed his devotion to Zoroaster, whose songs he had translated into English. "When I was young," he said, "I was taught to repeat every morning the prayer, '0, Lord Almighty, help me to live a righteous life this day.' "

There are about 100,000 Zoroastrians in the world, most of them 667

in India. They are the commercial leaders of Bombay, and are preeminent in culture and good works. Their contact with the British has proved most profitable and they have used their oppor- tunities for advancement. Their obedience to the laws of righteous- Iless and mercy has brought them abundant material blessings. Fire is not worshipped by them, as is generally supposed, but is to them an honored symbol of a deity, who is light and purity.

Bombay is a great and thriving, modernized city, with beautiful views from the top of Malabar Hill, burning ghats, where the bodies of the Hindu dead are burned, towers of silence where the Parsee dead are consumed by vultures, Elephanta Cave across the bay, where the Hindu gods in mutilated figures are still worshipped.

The heat was almost unbearable. Leaving Bombay, we travelled north through the night in a comfortable sleeping car. At Ahmeda- bad we were surprised to find the streets crowded with people not- ,withstanding the intense heat-104 in the shade. Here we had our first contact with idolatry which we were to see so continually. It awakened in us strong reactions: surprise that the human mind could be so blind in its thought of God, and pity, pity that people could be so ignorant and degraded. Some thought that the system could only be overthrown by some extraordinary judgment, bringing about a wnolesale destruction of temples, shrines, images 'and institutions connected with idolatrous worship and teaching. The Mohammedans who are so fanatical in their antagonism to idolatry, might some day rise and sweep over the land exercising vengeance upon idola- trous persons and places. But this wholesale use of force did not seem to us to be the Christian way of solving the problem.

Can the British Government do anything effective by law' Already it has forbidden the imolation of widows, the sacrificing of children and other evils. But the abolition of idolatry by the British Government would be attended with danger and would be consid- ered as violating the principle of religious freedom. "That which is impossihle with men is possible with God."

At Ahmedabad we visited a Jain temple. Originally J ainism was an offshoot of Hinduism, emphasizing extreme asceticism and pro- testing against caste and the sacrifice of animals; now it has merged more or less with Hinduism, though retaining an independent organ- ization with over a million people. Before entering the ornate and beautiful temple, it was necessary for us to take oft' our shoes and put on sandals. At the sides of a square court was a raised porch, with fifty shrines containing idols of Hindu deities-Brahma, the creator, Vishnu, the preserver, and Siva the destroyer. In the center of the court was a beautiful shrine, containing a life-sized figure of a woman, the supreme deity of the place. In the marble hall of worship we found a number of worshippers, kneeling on the polished floor, making little figures with sacrifical rice on smooth boards and

A TRAVELER'S OBSER,VATIONS IN INDIA

offering them to the goddess, saying, "0 God excuse (pardon) and help me to go to heaven." So much external beauty enclosing so much spiritual darkness!

A few miles from Ahmedabad is the home of Gandhi, the famous prophet and reformer of modern India. rrhe national college, founded by him, has three or four hundred students in attendance.

An industrial colony has also been organized by him near by. His house is a simple unpretentious building in the midst of a garden.

His secretary or representative, although a high caste Hindu, shook hands and greeted us heartily as he explained that Mr. Gandhi was on a lecture tour. He told us that the labor colony was an effort on Gandhi's part to solve the indus- trial problem of India, by teaching the people .spinning and weaving.

Between five and six hundred were receiving instruction there. The spinning and weaving movement was not for the purpose of boy- cotting British goods, he said em- phatically, but for the more posi- tive purpose of promoting indus-'

try among the people who are con- stantly facing poverty and starva- tion.

The Indian mind is said to be mystical, immaterial, but what is the use of mysticism that is blind to truth, that has no real God, and achieves neither holiness nor wis- dom? At Amber,the ancient capi- A "HOLY MAN" NEAR KALI TEMPLE tal of Jaipur, a place of towering AT CALCUTTA hills and deserted fortifications, amid surroundings of faded splen- dor, we visited a little temple sacred to the worship of the most popular and revered of the Hindu deities, Kali, the wife of Siva. At the bottom of the steps leading up to the shrine of the goddess, in an angle of the wall, was a pile of sand, and behind it in a corner, a col- lection of long knives. In former times, we were told, children were sacrificed here. Now, every morning, a goat is sacrificed, for this goddess can truly be worshipped only by the sacrifice of blood. The gtuesome scene is repeated in myriads of places throughout India.

But later we became aware of a growing sentiment against these animal sacrifices. A regent in one of the southern provinces has re- cently forbidden them throughout the province and has ordained that cucumbers should be used instead.

We visited Benares, the most sacred city in India~but such sacredness! Thousands of temples, priests and gods, and so little real and effective religion! The morning after we arrived, ata little after six, we saw crowds lining the shores of the sacred River Ganges and wading or worshiping in its waters. We boarded a two-story boat with seats on the top, shielded from the heat by a big umbrella. The place where we embarked was crowded with boys and women, and some families. Not all were worshippers. Some were there for bathing and others to wash their clothes. As we rode along near the shore, we noticed a group of men in a boat engaged in contemplation, and many ,individuals up to their waists in the water going through a rituaJof worship, pouring the water over their heads and shoulders for purification, and even taking it into their mouths for the same purpose. Close at hand was one of the big sewers of the city pouring its filthy contents into the river. But no one seemed to care. There were booths for rich and poor on the shore. We saw ghats where bodies were being burned, the remains, with the ashes of wood, thrown lat'erinto the river. On our return, we saw men pawing over the ashes in search for bits of gold or silver. The shore for more than a quarter of a mile presented a series of pictures unmatched anywhere on earth. Behind, on the hill overlooking the tents and the people, was an impressive line of palace-like buildings and temples, one temple, the Nepalese, being one of the most notoriously indecent in the city. The river itself is a broad noble stream with a strong cu!'rent and a mighty flood of water. If it were not so it would be a more prolific source of disease and death to its worshippers.

The holiest (1) place in Benares is the golden temple, having three towers plated with gold. The place was full of priests, beggars, lepers and diseased of every kind. Our compassion at the :human misery exhibited was accompanied by a feeling of deep disgust at the uncleanness on every hand. How degraded that conception of holiness which tolerates and approves such uncleanness! A dead rat left in one of the passages to be reverenced intensified our sense of horror. The principal god of the temple is Siva the destroyer. The sacred heart of Bemires produced in us intense repugnance, and antagonism to the whole idolatrous system of India, which protects and encourages the worship of animals, as cows and monkeys, and which makes sacred innumerable spots of darkness, filth, and iniquity. Over two hundred millions of Hindus are victims of the deadly poison of this false worship. How 'is India to be rid of idolatry, the perpetual cause of ignor- ance, sadness, poverty, wretchedness, and shame? Not by an easy toleration, as if the system could produce valuable effects and might develop into something uplifting; not by indifferentism, as if the rest of the world had no responsibility in the matter; not by aggres-

A TRAVELER'S OBSERVATIONS IN INDIA

sive opposition and efforts at destruction; not by shutting our eyes to the facts and deceiving ourselves by statements that the idolatry is not real but apparent.

In a beautiful temple in Calcutta, standing in a shrine of the goddess by the side of the high priest and the guide explaining the image I made bold >to ask if the image were a symbol or an object of worship.'l'he answer was plain and positive, "V{e worship the image of course." The idolatry of India is as real and as destructive of morals and human welfare and progress as was the idolatry -of Israel under Jeroboam and the kings that followed him.

The solution of the mighty problem of India is universal erilight- eningeducation, and the tactful but determined spread of Christian- OUTSlDE THE KALI TEMPLE AT CALCUTTA ify throughout all its provinces. The false gods must be displaced by the living God. Religious leaders among the 'natives must become followers of Christ, the Saviour and Lord of mankind. The Christian forces now in India,~vith their station schools, colleges, hospitals and institutions of helpfulness are the supreme instrumentality there for the enlightme.nt and transformation of the people. More consecrated and competent missionaries are needed, more Christian schools, more Christian evangelism. Cultural influences, emanating from small groups of educated and idealistic men are helpful, but India will not be saved except by the promotion of the program of Christ, Who alone can bring light and love and salvation to all the people.

Ruth Muskrat Wins the

(See Frontispiece) T HE prize of $1,000 offered some months ago by Henry Mor- genthau to the graduate of the class of 1925 trom Mount Holyoke College, who during her first year out of college would do the most to pass on to others the benefits of her education has been awarded to Miss Ruth Muskrat, a full-blooded Cherokee Indian.

Miss Muskrat went from the public schools to work for the Young 'Women's Christian Association in New Mexico. Her efforts in behalf of her race were so sincere, and so capably undertaken, that she attracted the attention of Mrs. F. S. Bennett of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church. Cooperating with . MiSs::Woolley;' president of Mount Holyoke, Mrs. Bennett secured , for-the.lndiangirl a scholarship in Mount Holyoke,and there four -fruitful -years were spent.

On the afternoon of Commencement Day ~Iiss Muskrat left Mount Holyoke for Tahlequah, Oklahoma, to accept the post of Dean of Women of Tahlequah College. There she took up her work for. her race, without any thought of a prize. In nine weeks' time she UQt- only Jmiped personallymamy nnadjnsted girls, some of whom were in extreme.need _of help but she organized the social life of the l;l00-w.IDlleTh.students at:the :collega She corrected housing condi- tiOOls, :especially.thecliabit ·of letting .girl and boy students room in the -sam.e..building; -and,ioI'mulated rules to govern their behavior, modeled on those in force in the Universities of Kansas and Okla- homa.

By the end of the summer Miss Muskrat had done the thing most needed to bring the morale of the college back to what it had been 'some years before when parents were confident of good care in sending their daughters there. She arranged for speakers to come to the college to talk to the women on mental hygiene, etiquette, religious and spiritual growth, vocational guidance and kindred s)lb- jects. Since practically everyone of her students was going out as a school teacher she felt that through them she was reaching the whole state. In the fall she left 'l'ahlequah to be a teacher in Has- ke.n Institute, Lawrence, Kansas, the largest school for Indians in the United States. This had always been her ambition and she felt that here lay her great opportunity to help her race.

-Without taking any time for rest Miss Muskrat went direct from the Tahlequah Summer School to the Ponca Reservation and there spent "' four long weeks of constant heartache." She wrote: "These people on the Reservation are a constant prey to grafters, bootleggers and shysters. They have no way of knowing who is a friend and who is an enemy." In this brief month she set to work 672 to make new and interesting kinds of social gatherings for the girls, -picnics, sewing parties, evening parties, and lawn parties on the mission lawns-a blessed and appreciated change for these girls from summers spent before in trailing after nomad parents from Indian dance to Indian dance.

At Haskell Institute Miss Muskrat was assigned to teaching in the eighth grade; but teaching is the smallest part of her work. In every way she has tried to pass on to members of her race all t4e best that she had found in college, and in her contacts with other races. "I knew what they wanted," she says, "because I came from the same background as they." In giving these people what they needed, with no thought of self-aggrandizement, Miss Muskrat did more than any other Mount Holyoke girl in the graduating class of 1925 to pass on to others the benefits of her education. She deserves the award of the Morgenthau Prize, and her work is only just begun!

Some months ago Miss Muskrat was delegated to deliver to President Coolidge a copy of Mr. Linderquists's valuable book on the American Indians. Her speech on that occasion, as the representative of her race, was as follows: Mr. President: This volume of, "The Red Man in the United States" is presented to the "Great White F'ather" in behalf of the many Indian students of America. It is a book which bears the best we have to offer-the story of our struggles and our tragedies, of our victories and our development. The volume presents the results of an exhaustive investigation made under the auspices of what is now known as the Institute of Social and Religious Research. It gives for the first time a comprehensive account of the social, economic and religious conditions among my people, as they are today. . . .

Back on the Cheyenne Reservation in Oklahoma Indian women have worked with loving and painstaking care to make this gift worthy for the "Great White Father," weaving into this beaded cover the symbolic story of our race-the story of the old type of Indian, greeting with the hand of friendship the founders of this great nation, and the story of the new Indian, emerging from his semi-barbaric state, tilling the soil, and building for the citizenship under the guidance of the school.

Mr. President, there have been many discussions of the so-called Indian problems. May we, who are the Indian students of America, who must face the burden of that problem, say to you what it means to us Y You know that in the old days there were mighty Indian leaders-men of vision, of courage, and of exalted ideals. History tells us first of Chief Powhatan who met a strange people on the shores of his country and welcomed them as brothers; of Massassoit, who offered friendship and shared his kingdom. Then appeared another type of leader, the war chief, fighting to defend his home and his people. The members of my race will never forget the names of King Philip, ~f Chief Joseph, of Tecumseh. To us they will always be revered as great leaders who had the courage to fight, campaigning for their honor, as martyrs on the soil of their fathers. Cornstalk, the great &d Jacket of the Senecas, and Sequoyah of the Cherokees were other noted leaders who have meant much in the development of my people. It was not accidental that these ancient leaders were great. There was some hidden energy, some great 2

driving inner ambition, some keen penetration of vision and high ideals that urged them on.

What made the ·older leaders great still lives in the hearts of the Indian youths of today. The same potential greatness actuates the Indian student, who must become the leaders of this new era. The old life has gone. A new trail must be found, for the old is not good to travel farther. Weare glad to have it so. But these younger leaders who must guide their people along new and untried paths have perhaps a harder task before them than the fight for freedom that our older leaders made. Ours must be the problem of leading this vigorous and by no means dying race of people back to their rightful heritage of nobility and greatness. Ours must be the task of leading through those difficult sta'ges of transition into economic independence, into more adequate expression of their arts, and into an awakened spiritual vigor. Ours is a vision as keen and as penetrating as any of old. We want to understand and to accept the civilization of the white man. We want to become citizens of the United States, and to have our share in the building of this great nation that we love. But we want also to preserve the best that is in our ancient civilization. We want to make our own unique contribution to the civilizations of the world-to bring our own peculiar gifts to the altar of that great spiritual and artistic unity which such a nation as America must have. This, Mr. President, is the Indian problem which we who are Indians find ourselves facing. No one can find the solution but ourselves.

In order to find a solution we must have schools; we must have encouragement and help from our: White Brothers. Already there are schools, but the number is pitifully inadequate . Already the beginnings of an intelligent and sympathetic understanding of our needs and our longings have been made through such efforts as this book represents. For these reasons today, as never before, the trail ahead for the Indian looks clear and bright with promise. But it is yet many long weary miles ahead until the end.

It is out of gratitude for the opportunities of education and culture which have been afforded us by the interest of the White Man, and out of our love for this nation to which we are eager to contribute our best, that this book is presented to the "Great White Father" in behalf of the Indian students of America.

THE RISING TIDE THOUGHTS FROM DR. JOHN R. MOTT The spiritual tide is rising. There has been nothing like it in all history.

'I'here is a rising tide of opportun,ity. It is difficult to mention a country not open to the Gospel.

There is a rising tide of beneficence and interest in Christian missions.

Viewing the rising tide of expectation, it seems to me that the loving Heavenly Father is brooding in love over all His earthly family.

Up and down the world I see the rising tides of faith, a turning from irreligion to Christianity.

I see the rising tide of vitality, like a river flowing from the city of God and the Lamb bringing life for the healing of the nations.

If ever we needed strong pilots and a definite goal, we need them now. We need wise pilots, who know the Port, who know the course, and know the sources of power. May God help us that we may not miss the opportunities of this hour.

Crawford: Christian Pioneer of

BY DR. GEORGE EDWIN TILSLEY, F.R.G.S., LUANZA MISSION, CONGO BELGE I N THE Long Grass Lands of Central Africa see the hunter, bow and spear in hand, returning from the chase. Out of the all- hiding bush, he marches into the clearing of his king's village.

He is observed. Up goes the shout, "Mat'ingo! Mavingol" which, being interpreted, means: "Justification 1 Justification."

"Hi! you there! All this time you have been off, hidden out of sight in the long grass; produce something to show that you have made good use of your time. " No soft enquiries after comfort and safety. He has been soaked by dew, torn by thorns, in danger from wild beasts; he is weary and an hungered. But first-what results ~ "Justification!" "Jllavingo!"

Then the proud moment as the hunter shows the cut-off tail of the kill. " K anyama, Mwane." (Just a tiny animal, Excellency.) Repre- sented by that tail, or tails, there may be half a ton of meat cached in the long grass waiting to be fetched by the subjects of the king. If ele- phants are in question, it may be ten tons. Still, his report is "A tiny animal, sir."

Out of Central Africa '8 Long Grass where constantly he sought souls for his King, Dan Crawford has marched, suddenly, into the clearing of the King's presence.

"Mavingo, Dan. "-("Justificationl") "Kanyama, Mwane.>J (Only a tiny animal.) Only a life time hidden away DAN CRAWFORD IN HIS PRIME in the African bush. Only a life time of consistent seeking for souls. Only hundreds of those African souls saved by the blood of Christ. Only African churches founded and established. Only the whole Bible translated into a foreign tongue. Only a kanyama!

. Dan Crawford's accomplished work was" just a tiny animal."

He had expected to do more, much more. In these last years, many a time he discussed with me the work that he had hoped still to do for God in Central Africa. "And you, dear old boy," he would say, "you must be my Timothy."

675

About Dan Crawford there was no "shouldering the crutch to show how fields were won." His slogan for 1926 was "Hats off io the past, coats off to the future."

I met him first-it was in my imagination-when I was six years old. He had married my father's sister, Miss Grace Tilsley of Bath. The stories of "Uncle Dan" constantly heard in childhood constituted to me a definite call to go to Luanza as a doctor to lend a hand. "The dominant wish comes true."

Now, after twenty years of forward looking, at last here we are in the train rattling into Elizabethville whence we are to start on our long march to Luanza. It is nearly midnight. Uncle Dan is to meet us. We draw to a standstill, but he is not there. We wait nearly an hour for him. And the reason ~ There can be one onlyand that Dan Crawford's rule of life. The Gospel first. "Give me the Gospel to the whole world," he often said, "and you can have all the rest." At that late hour of the African night and in that devildarkened mining town of Elizabethville, he had been busy about his pr,imary business-preaching the Gospel. Always that came first with him. He made it a rule never to let the day close without having dealt individually with at least one soul. Noone ever came into contact with him and went away without the Gospel. This I saw to be so during the years that followed, while we lived with him in Luanza during the last years of his faithful life of bush-Gospeling.

The gift of tongues was upon him. As a translator, his work was preeminent. Not a few Africans have said to me "Konga Vantu!" '("Gatherer of the People" was his native name.) "That one, does he not know more about our language than we do ourselves r" Of the New Testament, when it was read in their hearing, they would exclaim, "Our own tongue, verily our own, own tongue!"

Sometime ago the National Bible Society of Scotland published a revision he had made of his former New Testament. When the first of those beautiful red New Testaments with their splendid illustrations arrived in Luanza, his excited joy and his thankfulness in God :were delightful to see. His manuscripts of the Old Testament are complete. They have still to be printed. $10,000 would produce the edition and crown his life's work. "The whole Bible in every hut of the land" was his great objective.

The morning came, under the hot African sun, when, for the last time, we scrambled with him down the cliff to the shore of Lake Mweru. ",Ve were off to England; the Old Testament was to be engineered through the press. All the way down he talked plans for our future work together when, the Old Testament printed, we should have returned to Luanza.

The' Lady of Luanza, his noble wife, was there. Miss Bryde from Australia was there. They edged toward the dug-out till they were standing in the water. With yearning he kissed each of our

DAN CRAWFORD: CHRISTIAN PIONEER. OF AFRICA

three children and they were carried aboard. We gripped hands as we said: "Good-bye-Good-bye. Till we meet!"

The African sun shone on his white hair as he bared his head. The wavelets of Lake Mweru lapped his feet. Round him were crowded his beloved Lubans. The paddlers began their endless chant. The canoe began to dance across the shallows. The sturdy upstanding figure of Uncle Dan, dearly loved figure in the knickerbocker suit, grew smaller and smaller and we caught our last glimpse of him. An abutment of the cliffs shut him from view. We thought of those years, those wonderful years with Uncle Dan; those years crowded with vivid lessons in the deep things of the Word, and in "thinking black."

On the night of Saturday, May 29th, 1926, in his tillY, cell-like bedroom, Dan Crawford lay asleep. He awoke as he has waked a thousand times before, the richer by a fragment of new-found truth. As he had done a thousand times before, he stretched for the paper and pencil to record his thoughts in writing. He knocked his Jeft hand abrasing the skin. There was iodine there, but he was too sleepy to use it. On Sunday morning the hand was painful and there was much swelling, but by Monday afternoon the pain had lessened. On Wednesday there was no pain at all. At two o'clock on Wednesday afternoon, June 2nd, the mail having arrived, he dictated his last communications. Then he said: "My left arm is poisoned and this poison is knifing my very heart; so we are in God's hands and all is well. It is harrowing and might have been avoided, only I was sleeping in my little cell in a deep sleep. This made me forget the iodine which is the panacea of my life. To say that it is harrowing is only to remind you that it is the harrow that produces the smiling lands of corn, and this explains that "We-glory-in-tribulation" verse-but, do we? Good-bye, dear friends, we will meet at The Appearing in the excellent glory."

During Thursday, June 3rd, he was in deep sleep all day except when roused twice to take nourishment, and at about 6: 30. without further sign or movement, "he was not, for God took him."

The church elders joined the kneeling group at the bedside. Oh, how they prayed! From the village there came the terrible sound of the wailing of many hundreds of stricken women. All night heart-broken men worked at the necessary preparations, messengers hurried through the night. The elders tenderly pillowed his head on a copy of his translation of the New Testament. Then up the side of the Kundilungus went the great procession to the quiet cemetery amongst the African forest trees, and the soil of Central Africa received the body of Dan Crawford-a Greatheart of Africa.

A Letter from Dan

I AM all flushed up by the quarterly incoming of our black gospellers with their "reports." They being fresh likewise freshen me up. I must get fresh enduement from on high, or I cannot touch God's holy things. Is it not written both in the Book and in our bones, "Take heed unto thyself (first of all) and to the doctrine" ~ And, so these fine young Timothys gush out the old Gospel, even our local lake here being just like dear old Galilee. I love that name "Galilee of the GenWes" because it means to me all the wide grace of God to "the Gentiles" gushing out on the lost races of mankind far beyond the lake limit. No lake without that figure treading its waters! No storm without that voice mightier than its roar! No meal without that face uplifted in bless· ing! No grave without that tender heart touched with sorrow! No burden wi~hout those willing shoulders to share the yoke!

These preachers are all lakeside m~m, hence anything with lash of wave or sinking ships in it seems very local and lively. Of all the metaphors outside the Bible, to me nothing can excel the life-rope in a wreck. This is a parable of our living and growing faith in the storms of life. For a very personal reason this life.rope. is a perfect symbol for a growing faith-and if it does not grow it is not faith. I tell them of what they never saw in their far interior-a great ship wrecked; the eager crowds on shore; the sending up of the rocket; the first flash of the life-line, in its first phase a mere thread-that is our first faith contact. Then comes the beautiful part, the "my faith is growing" part, when those on the wreck grab the rope with no gainsaying. They go on and on, pulling on it, until the thin thread thickens into a larger rope. Yes, the self-same rope, growing from thick to thicker until it thickens at last into the thickest rope of all.

There was a sad day when it was not so with me; that day when God rebuked my petulance in this very life-line metaphor. I overheard a cheap scratchy gramophone shrilling out that dear old revival hymn, "Throw out the life-line." Since then the thin lifeline thickening on from thick to thicker and thickest has become the mightiest metaphor unto my soul. The loving life-line of faith may grow thicker and thicker unto the perfect day of escape from all the storms of sin!

I have been a month at "house-to-house" evangelism. I always go with an elder of the Church so that in the mouth of two witnesses the testimony for Christ should follow Christ's own demand. The whole f.amily must be there and the children's chatter is very amusing. Over the fence one little child, a mere toddler, heard her little 678 friend (about 30 inches long) receive some very sprightly maternal correction. The cries of her tiny friend made the other tiny one disconsolate. "Oh! mother," moaned she, "you must beat me also so that I can console (dishya) my little chum." To merely talk consolation, even to this bundle of screams, would be false–so thinks this thirty inches long little nobody! Even our word "sympathy" merely means to "suffer together": so mere verbal sympathy is only half the truth.

Here at close quarters we lind a dark mentality where through fear of death they all their lives are subject to bondage. In plain print, this means that evil spirits breed evil surmises in the soul. Mupamba is the word on all their lips for an evil omen, and this swings you away back to the black days when any such mwpallnba is a demon-warning to avoid trouble. It blinds and benumbs their minds. Take this case of these four women with four fateful phases in their story. They who do not know what coal, "the black stone," is went out into the woods to get faggots. Picking out a biggish tree the four of them tackled it, taking turn about with their little axes in the felling. Their rwupamba, their evil omen, came when the falling tree in its crash killed one of the four. This they call "a telegram from Eternity"-what a translation! Then comes aftermath. These women being in the grip of .lying demons are under some hidden ban of destiny. Therefore, they should most surely obey the tribal demon-dictum and "get right with God." For these lying Bpirits profess to speak for God. This means they must get a devil-priest and confess to him all hidden wrong, thus (that lie again!) getting" right with God." This they did not do. This they did not have time to do. Do deVil-priests grow on every tree1 Therefore this they say was why that that very evening the second demon-blow fell, with a crocodile killing the second of the four, the other two remaining "under the club," the African Sword of Damocles.

This, then, is the queer kind of atmosphere one meets when one tackles "every house" for the Lord. Ilunga's case is almost akin to this, and has live links. (1) Morning saw her off among the manioc, shipping off some roots for soaking in the river. (2) Then the great snake Lukungwe struck at her, coiling around the body. (3) She had a hard struggle when finally her son appeared cutting off the snake's head with one gash. (4) Then they go hack late. But though late, water must be drawn for an evening meal. (5) Then it was (so they say) the mupamba was manifest for a crocodile did kill her in one grab. Certainly it is neither exaggeration nor extenuation to say that this is the true mentality we must tackle.

From over the mountains here come two kings who have just received their official investiture. I was the friend of both their fathers so it is a far accepted act of etiquette that all such must come over the

plateau to VIsit their grandfather here on the cliff overhanging the great lake. Then they go back fortified to support our Bible School. Back to "presence" the Gospel meeting, that is to say, to encourage all their people" to give God His date;!' and listen, only listen to the Glad News. All these absurd African kings have a dash of dignity about them and being kings, "the maximum of manhood," they are presumed to have no bodily deformity. They even commit suicide when any such calamity of deformity befalls them. Chilumba's case points that way. The chief was sleeping, snoring in fact far too fatu- ously not to attract the prowling spotted hyena. Coincidental with his last great orchestral flourish came the intruding wild beast and sad to say, away went the front of the royal face in the animal's mouth. In his helplessness the king fell into the .fire. Finally seeing a life of infra-dig deformity ahead he "royally" rushed to the river and the crocodiles .finished the story. Alas! never a hint that deformity of soul should have a prior abhorrence to mere deformity of body.

Born in the outlying villages our preachers have all been in and out of Ltianza as mere children. Getting a taste of it so early, he resolves to return at a maturer age or even as soon as he has anything to say about it! This means, almost literally, that the whole floating population of the country, having formally passed through our hands, has received an offer of life and love eternal. But, out far, farther, farthest out is our desire, in the will of God, for these young gospellers. I promise never to desert them. God never will desert His African apostles so why should IT In myoId field out west God's work has lost a humble native who was a prince in Israel. Sometimes we tremble for such highstrung ones: we wonder, will they last 1 Something must burst, we think. Then at last the great "begone unbelief" day comes, and even they die gloriously in the Lord full of fragrant memories. Such a great loss we have suffered through the death of dear Setosi, God's man in Christ. First Fact. One of the elders said, "Shall we ever see another man like him 1 1 think not," and few, white or black, few have shown more of the Spirit of Christ than he did.

Second Fact. When first converted, more than twenty years ago, he was a paltry slave, and his master was very angry and threatened to sell him for getting saved! Does not a slave master own soul as well as body? However, before this was done Setosi had a royal opportunity of showing what Christ was doing for him in the deeps of his soul. Third Fact. One day the very slave master of Sasenda capitu.

lated to Christ and said, "I have watched that slave of mine Setosi, and 1 can see that he is a changed man; Christ has changed him, and if that is what is meant by being a Christian, then r want to be one also."

JAMES CHALMERS-MARTYR OF PAPUA

Fourth Fact. After his old slave's death this same Sasenda, speaking with tears in his eyes, told how Setosi the slave had brought them all to the Lord. "He went straight, never swerving to the right or left and we just following; a long way off. it is true, as he was far ahead of us, and it is owing to his straight life that we are here to-day."

Fifth Fact. Ah, this makes an African missionary weep for joy. One after another told how Setosi brought them to 0hrist. One even told how his whole village had been. won through Setosi's faithfulness. Another showed a full-length painting of the man when he said: " We called him'Osoma yakuenje,' because among the elders he was an elder, among the young men he was a young man, to the children he was a child." Know ye not that a prince and a great man has fallen in Israel ¥ Black but comely! They will miss much, especially in the new district where he has lived the past few years.

It was a black man who carried Christ's Cross for Him along the via dolorosa. And he it is, the same blessed black, who carries many a lesser cross for us. Another most noble worker fallen, Mulene they loved to call him. "Only a black man!" yes, but as white as many a white is black. This stalwart was a Standard Bearer if ever Christ had one since the days of Paul.

James Chalmers-Martyr of Papua* The Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Death of Chalmers and His Associates in New Guinea BY REV. B. T. BUTCHER" PAPUA On April, 8th, 1901, James Chalmers, Oliver Tomkins and eleven Papuans were slain in an attempt to carry the Gosper to the savages of Goaribari in the Gulf of Papua. Chalmers had lived for thirty-jive years in the mission field; Oliver Tomkins had left his Norwich home little more than a year before BETWEEN the Fly River and the line of stations that reached from the east to the Purari Delta were the cannibals around Cape Black- wood and the Island of Goaribari. These were still untouched; tribes fierce and numerous who counted the skulls of their victims by the thousands. It was impossible for Chalmers to resist the challenge of their presence; one journey more; one more great tribe to win to friendship as a step towards winning them for Christ. And so the the Niue set out from Daru with the chief of one of the Fly River villages and ten young men from the same locality, and Chalmers and his young colleague, Oliver Tomkins. They cautiously threaded their way through _the mudbanks towards the low shores lined by the dull mangrove forest, and, as they dropped anehor opposite Dopima, canoes shot out from different villages and surrounded them, while cro~ds of tall, wild, painted savages forced their way on board. The forbidding aspeet of the country, so low and sombre, so uninviting, was a fit setting for the haunts of these fierce warriors whose yells split the air as they called to their eomrades or trod fearlessly on the deck of the white man's boat..

• From Tile Chroniole of the London Missionary Society, April, 1926.

The day was closing and no visit ashore was contemplated b.efore the morning. The sun set and darkness came quickly and "Tamate" and his young colleague ate their last meal together in the little cabin of the Niue. There were plans made for the morrow; a suggestion that was never even enter- tainedby the younger man that the older should land alone, and then a night with sleep broken by the shouts of men ashore or the movements of the watchers upon deck. 'fhen dawn and everyone about before the sun rose, a cup of coffee, and thirteen men in the whaleboat starting for the shore.

There L'l a creek running up alongside the great house or dubu daimo of the men, and they pulled the boat up this and fastened it. The landing party marched towards the great house, climbed to the entrance platform and sought to make friends with the crowd that there awaited them. But through the night these men had been plotting, and messengers had called in the braves from other villages, and in a moment a murderous onslaught was made upon the visitors, which ended in the death of the grand old missionary and all who came with him.

Not long ago I was talking to one who was near by when it happened.

He saw the corpses of the slain carried round to the different villages where all were eaten, except the bodies of the white men. There was something awe- some in their white skins. These were surely the children of another world.

For a time the headless body of Chal- mers was placed in the whaleboat, which, left unfastened, drifted to and fro upon the sullen tide. Those lives were never wasted. They have never even died, but still speak, and call us on to high en- deavor. Their work lives, too, and the man who told me of all the tragic happenings he had seen about Goaribari is now a follower of the Master whom James .JAMES CHALMERS Chalmers served, and with his hair all Kmed in Papua, AprlJ 8, 1901 streaked with grey, goes out to preach Christ among the people. In Dopima, with all its sad memories, when I enter tlie house on the site where these thirteen men were slain, the people welcome mc with gladness and call me father. They come to me with their troubles and their sicknesses, while the children learn to read the story of their Saviour.

The seed that the two men died to sow is bearing fruit. Some dozen years ago in that same village, with its house still adorned with scores of human skulls and with the women of the village passing us in aU their filth and degradation, I was talking to the Governor of Papua, who had landed from his yacht that day. We stood watching the scene, and then as he turned to me he said: r : 'Butcher, there is only one thing that can raise these men and women and that is Christianity. "

James Chalmers blazed the tt·aiI. His strong 'voice still calls. His chal- lenge to the Church is still a challenge, and as the Church follows where he and many other pioneers have led, that Church, in seeking to save a world, will save herself and find an even greater meaning in her faith.

A Miracle Wrought in West

Social Service in the Nana Kru JJiission, Liberia BY REV. WALTER B. WILLIAMS Superintendent of the Nana Kru Methodist Episcopal Mission, West Afrka T HE social Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ is starting to take root in loving and divine and humane service among the Kru folks here in West Africa. The change is a miracle. The Krus were bloody, warlike, quarrelsome, eaten up with superstition. After eighteen years preaching the Gospel, the new birth of a new nation is taking place and the young people are crying for education and civilization.

'l'he parable of the Good Samaritan, the lesson of social service in the name of the Father hal'! been taught and impressed daily for eighteen years upon the consciousness of the Krus until the seed has begun to germinate and grow into deeds of Christlike service.

After eighteen years of close contact, and painstaking observa- tion of the Kru tribe, we have come to the conclusion that the only thing of real and permanent value to the Krus is the gospel of actual service done in Christ's blessed Name by loving and surrendered hearts. Preaching stirs the Krus but they soon forget its real im- port. Unseliishness, expressed in service, is, however, a staggerer to the Kru man. He stands off and is amazed and confounded when he sees it. Unselfishness is an unknown quantity to him. The cup of cold water, the widow's mite, or the box of alabaster ointment service is absurd and foolish to him, in his barbaric state. With him it is self first, self last and self all the time. But when the regenerating power of the Lord Jesus Christ comes into vital contact with his heart, a marvelous change takes place! His face changes and shines. His life is clean. His cry becomes: "What wilt Thou have me to d01" not "What will you do for meT"

In the Kru barbaric state, woman is property, bought and sold at man's whim; passed on, after his death, to his relatives. She does all the hard and rough work. She is the freight train of Africa. When the Kru man goes with her on the road, he will walk ahead without any load, but she will come behind, with a baby on her back and a heavily-loaded kinjar of cassava or wood on her head. He, in front, with his umbrella raised, keeps from his precious head the tropical sun or rain. She, trudging in the rear, minus an umbrella, . takes what comes in the way of weather.

But when the soft, life-giving touch of t1:e divine Spirit of the Lord Jesus rests upon his inner life, it is then that his hard and cruel heart feels the warinth and the magnetic influence of the Master's words: "Whatsoever ye desire men to do to you, do ye even so to 683

them." It is then the deep waters of African life are stirred, and real chivalry toward women begins. Then some very sweet fragrance of holy service distils from lovely flowers of kindness and helpfulness toward womanhood. And this is more striking on the West Coast of Africa because such flowers are seldom to be seen growing in this soil. Those who break away from the old, old order of Africa pay a good price for it. Christ's call to leave "father, mother, chil- (Iren, houses, lands" is literally fulfilled on the West Coast.

Under the old order, no man will eat with his wife, or help her in her cassava farm, or cut wood for her, or carry a bucket of water. To do so would mean utter degradation to him. So, to prepare the way for the difficult lessons in chivalry at the Nana Kru mission, when boys want to enter our boarding department they are told, as the first crack out of the teaching gun, that" W"e are women; Kru Christians are women, too." With open mouths they stare at us in dumb amazement. To curse ourselves by classing ourselves as women is an insult too great to be understood.

We tell these applicants that we white men make cassava farms and carry water, cut our own wood and even go so far as to cook our own food. The boys feel now that this can't be real; they must be in a nightmare! We tell them further that we help the women with heavy loads; do their work for them when they are sick (the average Kru man would send a sick woman back to her mother's people to take care of her since her lord and master doesn't want the trouble!) and when tired send our boys and girls to help them. "This," we explain, "is the way God palaver works." When the boys have partially recovered from this succession of shocks from Christian Africa, we tell them: "If you do not like these conditions, you have come to the wrong place. "

The road is steep and rugged to travel. Many, in walking it, lose father, mother, brother, sister, country, often wife as well. Persecutions accompany intense opposition. All their families t.urn their backs upon these spiritual social-service knights who, by their new manner of living, actually turn old Africa upside down! For are they not seen working side by side with their wives in the cassava farm f Are they not known to cut wood and carry it for their women, and tote the water, too f Even cook the food when their wives are sick 1 And instead of sending them away, try to nurse them 1 This treatment of women is so foreign to the pagan African; as foreign as the changed heart which is responsible for it. To his mind, only two solutions to the problem present themselves: Either "our men's' heads have gone sick!" or "The Mission has bewitched them!"

This African social service is heroic and brings a vast amount of ridicule from fellow-Africans. There is perhaps no human being more painfully.sensitive to ridtcule than an African; it is death to him to be the butt of ridicule.

A MIRACLE WROUGHT IN WEST AFRICA

Then our boys are taught to be ready at a moment's notice to carry in a hammock any distressed traveler, or any sick or tired person who comes along the Coast, and to do it with or without pay. They must be ready, day or night.

One afternoon two Roman Catholic priests sat drinking tea with us on their way from Sinoe to their own Station. After a pleasant chat, we grasped hands in parting and the fathers called to their heathen hammock carriers to bring up the hammocks. To their amazement the carriers had disappeared, having calmly set the hammocks down on the grass and quietly departed. Not a carrier was to be seen anywhere! And the fathers' station thirty miles away! At the distress signals, our Kru knights came to the relief of the priests who started off quite comfortably, with heretics instead of heathen, toting them.

Unexpectedly an African woman teacher comes along, needing carriers to tote her hammock to her destination. The call for volunteers is given and eight strong knights offer their services and cheerfully start on a fifteen-mile hike. 'rhey are in luck this time for they are offered pay. But they refuse to take it. TheY' say to the astounded lady: "You are a teacher and you are in trouble; we are glad to help you, for nothing." The teacher wrote us that this act of kindness took the wind out of her.

At Nureh Town two chiefs are locked in deadly combat over stealing women from each other's quarter (or borough), with the element of personal ambition figuring largely, each chief aspiring to be head chief. The strife has gone on for months, with great bitterness and intense fury until at last this hatred bursts into flames of revenge. .At dusk one evening each chief and his followers start forth with knives, cutlasses and flaming torches to burn each other's borough to the ·ground. The whole town would have been in flames had not the news of the uproar reached our Kru knights six miles away. No horses have they, like King Arthur's knights, but on their own shank's mares they rush to that town post haste. With physical force they separate the combatants and force them back to their own houses, snatch the torches from the chiefs' hands and extinguish the flames, and save the town. When the excitement is over, and men can think calmly, these very chiefs affirm that our knights have done "a good deed." Had our knights six miles away merely shrugged their shoulders, old Kru fashion, remarking indifferently: "It no be our palaver," that town would have been destroyed and many lives lost.

One day a steamer anchored in the port of Graud Cess. But Neptune was angry and lashed the sea into fury. Great walls of water swept in and broke upon the beach and the surf roared through the rocks along the coast. As the Krus express it: "The sea was plenty vexed and was wet." No ship's boats were lowered. Some

Kru passengers, however, tried to land in a small canoe. Midway to shore, it capsized and three young men wel'e seen struggling in the cold, angry waters, by the folks on the beach. Nothing was done to help the drowning men. The people simply said: "They are not our tribe's men and we are not going to die for them. "

But among the crowd were three young Kru Christian knights. One of them said to the others: "Push that canoe into the water." Then what a yell went up from the crowd: "The canoe is not yours, and you will break it. Leave it. Leave it. You yourselves will die for nothing. Those are not your people. "

But the Kru knights, like Bunyan's Christian, stopped their ears, crying: "Life! Life! Ahead!" and went steadily on with their work of rescue. Pull! Pull! Pull! Beaten back repeatedly by the heavy waves! Pull! Pull! Beaten back again! Once more their paddles dug into the surf. An extra burst of strength and they reached the capsized canoe. Two out of the three were gone/ Gone where? The knights picked up the third man and brought him safely to land. That rescued man is now a Methodist Episcopal preacher at Sueh and has done a real man's work there. Christianity makes these Krumen brave.

And brave, not only in emergencies, but in steady, everyday performance of the day's duties whatever they be. 'fwo of our knights each week carry the Gospel to distant towns in the interior, their road passing through a wide river and a broad swamp. No eye save God's rests upon them as week after week, month after month, they walk those miles and struggle through the mud and waters. W ~ know, that for six months out of twelve, the water in the swamp comes up to our knight's chin-there is no bridge-no canoe. He must strip and wade through, carrying his Sunday suit of clothes on top of his head. We never hear a cemplaint nor a wish for an easier preaching appointment. They are God's true knights.

SOME INTERESTING FACTS Mriea contains about 42,00'0,'000 Mohammedans. Of the 3,600,000 people of Madagascar, 3,000,000 are still heathen. "hina still has more than 300.no(!.OOO adherents of heathen reli/!ions. Of the people of India, 216,000,000 are HiI>dus, 69,0001000 are Mohammedans, 11 ,000,000 are iluddhists, 11},(;OU,000 are animists, and less than 5,000,000 are Christians.

Siam, "Kingdom of the Free," has 87,0'00 Buddhist priests and 13,000 Buddhist temples.

More than 118,00.0 Shintoist temples and shrines are found in Japan. Buddhist temples total more than 70,000. These two religions number at least 72000,000 of the 77,000.0'00 people.

Multitudes among the 340,000 Indians of the United Statoo still believe in the old pagan superstitions of their ancestors.

Today the total ll"mber nf missionarieR of Protestant ehunhes is no fewer than 4'0,'000, with a communicants' roll of 4,500,000. In addition, there are adherents numbering many millions more.

OF A THREE HOUR WEEK CHURCH

Rural Religious Education BY REV. WALTER ALBION SQUIRES Director of Weekday Rdigious Instruction, Board of Christian Education, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HE great cities of our nation are in a sense parasitic. Recent investigations have shown that in many of them the death rate exceeds the birth rate. They draw in human life from other sections of the country and consume it. In so far as human life is concerned, they are not self-sustaining and would pass out of existence were they not sustained by human life nourished in more favorable regions.

Great cities dissipate something besids physical life. rfhey dissipate moral and spiritual values which form the foundations of our civilization. In this respect their disintegrating influence is felt far beyond their own borders. Some of our largest and most populous ~tates count on the wrong side of great moral issues because of the fact that they have one or two large cities within their boundaries. Many large cities must therefore be counted as liabilities rather than as assets, in so far as moral and religious values are concerned. The problem of America is therefore largely the problem of her great cities. It is not with this problem, however,that we are primarily concerned iu this article. We are to consider a problem related to the city problem and one which is so fundamental to it that one can hardly be solved without the other.

Great cities have probably always been more or less of a menace to the civilization in the midst of which they existed. The spiritual degradation to which Rome sank had much to do with the downfall 687

of that empire of which it was the head. So long as the great cities of a nation are few their adverse influence may pass unnoticed, but when they becom~ numerous and the nation becomes city-centered rather than rural-centered in its population and its modes of life, the dissipating influences of the cities begins to become manifest. As a nation we have just passed beyond the point indicated. We now have more people living in cities than we have living in small towns and in the open country. The number of our large cities has greatly increased during the past few decades.

The problems of the city are made doubly serious in our day because, while the cities have been increasing in size, many rural districts have been declining. Many have declined in population and not a few have declined in morals and religion. The streams which have been pouring a saving element into the great cities of the land show signs of becoming dry at their source. Our rural communities have problems of their own and they are, as a whole, becoming less and less capable of combatting the bad influences of the great centers of population. The salt which has heretofore preserved the great cities of our nation is in danger of losing its savor.

The causes which lie back of the moral and spiritual decline of rural America are too numerous to mention here. The depletion of the population in some rural sections has brought serious problems. Empty farm houses are abundant in many agricultural districts and it is in such districts that most of the abandoned churches are to be found. Public school leaders have met the changing conditions by consolidating country school districts and providing conveyances for the children. For some reason church leaders have not manifested equal foresight. 'rhe depletion of the rural population has often meant the passing of the country church with its Sundayschool. Denominational competition has often been keen in villages and in the open country. A divided Protestantism is peculiarly incompetent to deal with many of the rural problems of our times. For many years the annual revival was a feature of rural religion, but the revival is passing away with nothing to take its place. As a method to be depended upon almost exclusively, it had serious defects, but it did serve to keep the country church alive.

As a result of these conditions· there are today more than 10,000 rural communities in America which have no religious facilities whatever. There are 10,000 more which have religious services so irregularly and at such lo.ng intervals as to be of little value. In these 20,000 communities and some others only a little better pro. vided with church services there are approximately 10,000,000 children and youths growing up without any religious nurture worthy of the name. By the term "community" is meant a country neighborhood, approximately a country school district.

RtJRAt RELIGtOUS EDUCATION'

This may seem pessimistic and it would indeed be disquieting were it not for the fact that not all of our people live either in large cities or in rural'communities. Practically every great city is surrounded by a broad ring of suburban population. A study of "Who's Who in America" indicates that most of our notable people have been reared in such suburban sections. They have lived as children and youths near great cities but not in them. It is probable that in these suburban districts our civilization is at its best. Out from these more favored sections of our population must go forth the ideals and the help which will enable both our great cities and our rural communities to solve their problems.

Several distinct movements have been organi'zed for the moral and spiritual betterment of rural America. One of the most im- BEGINNERS. A WEEKDAY CHURCH SCHOOL IN A KANSAS ' Vi~GE portant of th~se is:the:w:ork c&J,-ried on by Sunday-sell-ool,missionaries'. They have..shown heroic devotion to their task. They have gone into out-of-the-way places in the mountains. Th~yhave sought out the scattered homesteads on the great arid stretches of the West. They have lived on the frontier and have safeguarded pioneer life from the spiritual dangers to which it is peculiarly exposed. Their work has had special importance because it was largely educational and because it had much to do with children.

Nevertheless, the work of the Sunday-school missionaries has been but a drop in the bucket compared with the vast task which they have before them. The plan would seem to be limited by certain severe restrictions. It has lessened the evil results of rural conditions, but as a thoroughgoing remedy its value is open to ques-' tion. The religious education which it has been able to secure for 3

the spiritually neglected children of America has often been meager and transient.

Several denominations have attacked rural church problems by a vigorous program of what they have called" Country Life Work. " They have sought to restore the rural church to that central place in the life of the community which it once occupied. They have conducted certain demonstration centers which have also influenced other communities to some degree. And yet this movement, like the Sunday-school missions movement, has hardly touched the fringes of our problem. Both ought certainly to be continued and both ought to be enlarged, but it is not certain that either is fitted to become an agency capable of securing a full solution of our problem.

There is need for a thoroughgoing and statesmanlike approach to the whole problem of rural America and its spiritual uplift. Sucb an approach can hardly be said to have been made. It was rather clearly visualized and partially outlined at the time of the Interchurch World Movement, but the collapse of that enterprise cut short all attempts to carry out plans which had been laid. Nothing less extensive will suffice. We are dealing with"a big problem and we must think in large terms. We cannot disrtose of our difficult task by working at it after a piecemeal fashion and by the use of side-issue methods.

The approach to the problems of rural America must be fundamentally educational. We must make it our main objective to reach the! children with religiDus training. The spiritual prDblems Df rural America have their rDots in the spiritual neglect of the children Df rural America. Our remedy must begin where the problems had their beginning. We have made secular educatiDn available fDr practically every child in the land. We must make religious education equally available. We have raised secular educatiDn to a high state of efficiency. We must make religious education equally efficient. The times demand a Horace Mann. As that great-souled educator visualized an America wherein every child was given adequate and efficient secular education, so. must we visualize an America in which every child is offered adequate and efficient re- ligiDUS educatiDn. We have given forty per cent of the children of the nation religious teaching. We must reach them all. We have been offering fifty hours a year of religious teaching. We must offer four or five times as much.

There are certain agencies which in the providence of God have come to the kingdom for a time like this. The Daily Vacation Bible school has demonstrated its value in country communities. These schools have been organized on Indian reservations, in farming districts, in mining towns, in meager villages which dot the deserts along our great transcontinental railroads. They have doubled the time available for religious instruction and increased its efficiency

'fHE COOPERA;I'ING COUNTRY CHURCH

many fold. Why not have a nationwide system of Daily Vacation Bible schools? What the few communities have done the many can, do if they will.

The weekday church school is another agency of great promise of which we may avail ourselves. These schools have been organized in the open country. They have been carried on successfully on the Pacific coast of Oregon, in the cut-over lands of Upper Michigan, and in the farming communities of northern Illinois. They have enabled church leaders to reach practically all the children in scores of communities. Weekday church schools can be organized wherever public schools can be organized. They can be maintained wherever public schools can be maintained. There is no insurmountable difficulty confronting the erection of a weekday church school system which shall be co-extensive with our public school system and on a par with it in every detail of efficiency. ",Ve can do it if we will. Such a system in bringing religious nurture to the millions of America's spiritually neglected children would unlock the solution to the problems of the great city and of the rural community, and we shall likely find that nothing else will suffice for this great task.

The Cooperating Country Church BY MARJORIE PATTEN, NEW YORK Institute of Social and Religious Research T HERE are two kinds of rural churches in America today- tho.se which go ou~ to meet their people half way, and those whIch do not. As III the old days, the latter are Sunday-meeting houses dedicated only for religious services. Their doors are closed during the week-excepting perhaps for a, midweek service. They take no active part in the activities of their communities. They recall the days long ago when people came from miles around to attend service, but lament that the coming of the good roads and the automobile have caused the present decline. So they struggle on, dejected in spirit, as they watch the cityward procession along the paved highway, shake their heads as their congregation~ dwindle and their Sunday-school classes decrease in membership.

The country churches that go out to meet their people present, another picture. They are few and far between but they offer a warmer welcome to the traveller who seeks them out. They have changed their program to meet the needs of the changing times. They count the good roads and the automobile as blessings. Their doors are open to the young people on the door steps and there is music in their auditoriums. They are a part of the communities in which they are counted as leaders. They work side by side with the other agencies already at work and endeavor to take the place of those agencies that are not yet in service.

READING. WRITING HOME. PLAYING GAMES-THE ROOM AS IT LOOKED NATURALLY AND AS IT WAS USED There was the church in the heart of a great peach orchard of southwestern Arkansas, serving both the year-round workers and the host of migrating harvesters who came during the peach season.

A full time resident pastor was in charge and his Sunday-school held the banner for the district. This church was the social as well as the religious center for the orchardmen.

In Virginia, close by the Washington country club, was found a project in prQcess in the erection of a church which will offer early morning services to the Sunday golf player who otherwise would undoubtedly attend no services anywhere. In the old days the peo- ple came to the Ghurches. Today the church must go to the people or it will fail to. reach them.

In .norther~.f Arkansas It. church sought to share the farmers'

problem by jpiJling forces.;with. the Farm Bureau in .aneffort to organize a cooperative marketing association. Because the church showed itself to be interested in berries, apples and grapes, the farmers rallied to a new interest in church affairs. The ·farmer and his church met on common ground. >'

A New Mexico community church was failing to reackthe,cow- boy population in its midweek prayer services until it transformed these into church-night services, introducing moving pictures, short talks, and community singing. Thus the auditorium was filled to overflowing every Wednesday night. The cowboys became per- suaded that the church was on their side.

New ties were formed between church and community in an Indiana village by a project introduced by the church when its Boy Scout troop was turned into a village fire department. An Arkansas

THE COOPERATING COUNTRY CHURCH

"CHUCK" ON THE PRAIRIE-THE CHURCH MEETS IMMIGRANT HALF WAY church, through its boys and men, helped to build a good road through the community. When lack of proper sewerage in a western village was endangering the health of the people, a businesslike church took up the project for laying a new system as part of its job in ministering to all groups in the parish.

In Richmond, Virginia, a city church saw that a rural county near by needed a neighbor as much as it needed a sermon. It became responsible for the erection of a community house and for two trained workers-one to preach and the other to act as neighbor to people of all denominations. In one year good neighborliness changed the whole situation. Pageants broke down barriers and brought people together. The community house became the real meeting house for the entire county, and it now serves as church, health and recreation center, polling place, meeting room for the junior clubs, farmers' meetings, Sunday-school. Through its activities isolation has become a thing of the past. Service to folks through every-day,neighborliness instead of through a stereotyped denominational program, has been the policy adopted by this city church toward its farm neighbors.

A mission in San Gabriel, California, went out to meet the Mexican migrant worker in the fruit groves. It furnished him with church and school, clothing bureau, clinic, and recreation center.

Another outstanding church which met the migrant half way was that of Larned, Kansas. When a rainy week overtook the community in the midst of the harvest season, the church with the cooperation of Farm Bureau and the local authorities turned the ~'arm Agent's office into a rest and recreation center. The room was

furnished with writing tables and chairs. Reading and writing material were contributed. Entertainments by the various church groups enlivened the week day evenings and on Sunday special services were held for the men with a large congregation present. Street loafing was diminished and a dull week was made interesting for this band of harvesters who had hitherto been looked upon as strangers necessary for the earning of the season's income but not to be treated as neighbors.

In its recent study of agricultural villages the Institute of Social and Religious Research found few churches entering wholeheartedly into the daily life of the villages. For the most part they carried on a strictly religious program. Many of them were apparently blind to the needs of their young people, though no other agency in the community was helping to solve the problems of the coming generation.

There were few churches with the vision of that church in Iowa which adopted the motto, "What shall it profit a church if it gain the whole woi-ld, and lose its own children?" Nor were the village churches outstanding in their service to their open country neighbors. An exception was found in a barren wheat center of Oregon where a church was working far out into the isolated sections. It had organized country Sunday-schools where no other agencies were at work, with the exception of the little one-room schoolhouse. The Sunday afternoon services were the only get-together meetings in the great area. Families came from miles around and stayed all day. If the average Sunday-school in the average village could develop one one-hundredth of the enthusiasm evidenced in the crowded little school house on Easter Sunday of last year, the future of the village church for tomorrow would be bright indeed. Young and old filled the benches, and the children sat on the desks. The village church orchestra had come out to help with the music. The wheezy little organ was out of tune but the spirits of the people were not and that service was one long to be remembered. There are churches that realize their responsibility to encourage their farmers to adopt better farming methods. One has a demonstration farm; another is influential in organizing a cooperative creamery; a colored church preaches farm ownership and tries to turn its members' minds from the growing of cotton alone to the advantages of turkey raising in order to better their financial condition and so raise their standard of living.

These are a few of the methods that have taken deep root in the life of farming communities, where service to folks is valued more than denominational prestige. To the preaching of the Gospel is added the development of neighborly understanding. Whatever the need of the community may be, these churches are alert to meet it as part of their regular program.

Kim Nam-Po Helped Build a

BY WlILLIAM NEWTON BLAIR, PYENG YANG, KOREA T HE large increase of believers in Korea the past two years has created many building problems. It is fairly easy for a small group to buy a three-room thatch-roofed house, tear out the walls, and with a little fresh paper convert the building into a church. Back in the country such a three-room house can be pur- chased for twenty-five dollars and even a poor group of new believers can usually raise that much.

As the church grows, addition after addition can be added until the original building is transformed into a cross or into an "L"

shaped church with the women sitting in one wing and the men in the other.

But a time comes when additions can no longer solve the problem.

Hence when a hundred or more believers are assembled a new church building becomes imperative, one with high walls and a tiled roof, Such a church building costs from three to five hundred dol- lars, besides much labor in as- sembling material and in erec- tion. But nothing has given me more inspiration these years than the way the Korean Christians get under a church building prop- osition like this. Everyone gives to the limit and many beyond. I have known men to sell their work cattle in order to share in the offering. I have seen many a deed for a part of a small farm given by farmers without money.

Hundreds of wedding rings are placed on the plate by Korean Marys, and many dry the Mas- ter's feet with their hair, pulling down the long coils of shining black false hair so prized by Ko- rean women and piling them in heaps before the altar.

There are forty-five church buildings now in my country dis- trict and twenty-seven of them KIM NAM-PO are tile-roofed buildings. As the church grows, these tile-roofed buildings are enlarged from time to time, but by and by if a congregation of several hundred is gathered, the second-stage church must also be replaced by a much)arger build- 695

ing. Now the congregation is faced with the serious problem of er{lcting a church building that will accommodate from five to seven hundred. This not only requires a small fortune in Korea, but demands an expert knowledge of truss construction not possessed by the ordinary Korean.carpenter. An experienced contractor must be engaged from the city and large timbers hauled from the far-away mountains or brought by rail from the Yalu.

There are only seven "third-stage" church buildiugs iu my territory. The largest of all is in Anju, the building of which made history in that part of Korea several years ago. Not only did the Christians give as never before, but the magistrate of the city helped them by giving stones from the wall of the city and tile from devil houses no longer valued. The Anju church was built on a hill in the center of the city and was fashioned after the mother church in Pyengyans-, a great white temple looming high above every other building in the city. Two years ago a congregation of seven hundred filled the Anju church building, but last year God poured out His Spirit in ·double measure and in one year the seven hundred Christians increased to fourteen hundred. So Anju Church has another building probleD;l on its hand,s which brings me to the point of this article.

.~:After week§ of prayer and planning the church officers decided to,divide the congregation and build a second building.' It was estimated that at lea,st ten thousand yen would be needed and that amount seemed impossible to obtain. But the Christian Church has grown all through the ages by undertaking the impossible. I will tell what happened in the words of Kim Nam-po, a widow who has been a Ohristian only a few years. She is possessed of some property, but is by no means a rich woman. When she came to my house in Pyengyang and sat on the floor while telling me the story, my wife who had never seen her before thought from her clothes that she must be very poor. Kim Nam-po said: j j Elder Kim asked everyone to give all they could for the sake of Jesus so I put down my head and prayed and then raised my right hand with one finger up to tell the elder that I would give the first one thousand yen. After that everybody gave gladly till five thousand yen was pledged. But Elder Kim said that five thousand yen was only half enough and asked us all to pray. He looked straight at me, so I put my head down and prayed once more and then I raised my right hand with two fingers lifted to show that I would give two thousand yen. Everybody clapped their hands and said, (Han- animkei kamsah(l!mnadal Thanks to God!' and in a few minutes five thousand yen more had been pledged for the building."

This is the largest single offering I have known to be made by a Korean for a church building and it was made by an old woman only escaped from heathenism five years; made very simply with two uplifted. fingers.

MAIN HALL OF THE ARTHUR T. PIERSON MEMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL

KOREA A Center of Christian Activity in Korea The Arthur T. Pierson Memorial Bible &hool, Seoul BY BE:V. GHAB. S. DEmNG, SEOUL, KOBEA F OR many years the youth of Korea have been facing Seoul and . seeking the light of truth and progress in its halls of learning. Among these crowds are a goodly company who have tasted of the Water of Life and with the new thrill of sins forgiven and fellowship with the Son of God have come to Seoul to learn more of the 'Word of Life and to fit themselves for service in the Master's Kingdom.

Situated upon a hill just inside of West Gate, looking out over the extensive campus of the Boys' High School, is located the Arthur T. Pierson Memorial Bible School. The campus of the Boys' High School, with the background of the majestic mountains which surround Seoul, is a pleasing sight. Here at the edge of pine forests, originally the grounds of the Mulberry Palace of the former dynasty, is laid out a large and beautifnl athletic field. In front of the main school buildings to the left are set out many of the beautiful cherry trees whose blossoms in the springtime are the pride of Japan and the inspiration of many poems.

The Bible School, located amidst such pleasing and cultural surroundings, has an advantage easily recognized. The beauty of God's handiwork, the rugged strength of the hills, the value of clean sportmanship, the worth of education, are thoughts that impress themselves upon the mind from the very atmosphere of the surroundings.

697

Then the fine grounds and buildings of the Bible School, capped with the cross the symbol of love and sacrifice and filled with eager students of the Word, create an atmosphere of prayer and devotion.

Over fifty young men came to this school on the first of April this year with high hope and with great joy that an opportunity for study had been opened to them. Some have been wanting to come for many years but funds were scarce in their little thatched homes in the country. This year the Bible School has announced that it will take in, without further expense, all worthy students who wiII bring their rice for sustenance.

It will cost the school per student $15 each year to provide for these eager devoted students and an appeal is made to those interested in Korean Christian training to contribute at least fifty of these scholarships.

Heretofore the school has helped in the preparation of many ministers for the Church in Korea. In its reorganization, under the energetic and resourceful administrator Rev. W. J. Anderson, it will send out many more devoted workers to hold aloft the banner of the cross and to spread the light of the Gospel of Christ in darkened corners of the land among an otherwise despairing people.

Four years ago there came to the school a young man who, in his early youth stirred by the Spirit of God, had left his home and friends and had gone to an island people off the coast of Haiju. 'l'here he preached and taught and loved the people for two years, establishing in that time two churches and two schools. Urged by an inner hunger for more of God's Word he came to the school and received a scholarship. He was' diligent in his studies, a leader among the young men, a daily witness to his Lord. He was soon given an appointment to supply a congregation in the suburbs of Seoul. Many were brought into the church under his ministry. He was graduated, and entered the seminary. During his first year there 'a call came for volunteers to go to preach to Koreans in Manchuria and this young man was among the first to volunteer. With his wife and two children he met hardships and sorrow valiantly. One night Chinese bandits came and shot up his village. His devoted wife was killed with a testimony to Christ's love upon her dying lips. He bravely brought his children back to Korea after holding a two weeks' Bible Class already planned. Then again with all his strength he set out to serve his Master through the Church.

Who can measure the ever-increasing body of influence that can be traced to this life and the lives of others who have gone out from this school to glorify their Lord and to bring Heaven's Way of IJife to this sin-torn earth!

Your prayers are solicited for the further progress of the school and the upholding of the hands of the new administrator in preparing these young men to be ambassadors of the Great King in the land of the Morning Calm.

Advantages of Cooperation *

Why Christian Forces Should Work Together at Home and Abroad BY JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D., NEW YORK I N my thirty-five and more years of work among the nations, never has the missionary undertaking seemed to me to be so difficult as at present. Never have our Christian forces seemed to be so inadequate for the task. In my judgment, the next fifteen years will be the most difficult in the history of the Christian religion. Not because of the forces which oppose us; nor because we are called on to deal with so many great issues simultaneously; nor because of the stern challenges that are sounding in the ears of the churches of all lands; but principally for the encouraging reason that never before have so many Christians awakened to the awful implications of the Christian Gospel. Thank God, we have come to a time when large numbers of followers of Jesus Christ seem to think that He meant what He said, and believe with depth of conviction that He must be Lord of all or not at all, and are dominated by the vision of the kingdoms of this world becoming the Kingdom of our Lord. At such a time, we need to utilize the united wisdom and experience and the sacrificial devotion of Christians of every name.

New or added forces may be released for the missionary movement through interdenominational, international, and interracial cooperation. Without doubt, such cooperation will augment the financial resources placed at the disposal of the missionary movement. Almost every church and missionary organization is hampered through lack of sufficient funds. What is the difficulty'f The situation is surely not due to any lack in adequate resources. Nor is the financial embarrassment of the missionary cause due to the fact that people in America are not disposed to devote money to unselfish causes. Nor is it due to the fact that there are not abundant resources in the hands of the Christians. Why, then, are not the financial energies of our constituencies more largely liberated for the missionary cause 1 One of the most important answers to this question is that our policies and plans do not impress those who should give as representing the wisest, most economical, and most productive use of funds. They are not staggered by the magnitude of the sums required for world-wide missions. On the contrary, they cannot but wonder at the smallness of our plans and demands. They do not object to large expenditures, but they do object to waste due to unnecessary duplication of expenditure and of effort caused by the failure of different groups of Christians to cooperate.

They commend what we might call the zoning plan, followed by • From an address delivered at the Washington Missionary ConvenU01l.

699

the churches at work in Korea and Mexico, by which each denomina- tion assumes responsibility for the work in a given part of the coun- try. Another economical and effective method is that employed by the churches that unite in the support of union educational and phil- anthropic institutions in different parts of the mission field, or the multiplying value of the work accomplished by the National Chris- tian Councils of China, India, and Japan, or by the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, or, above all, by the International Missionary Council. All of these agencies have united in study, in planning, and in action, the various churches and missions respon- sible for work in certain great areas. Well conceived plans of co- operation will result in relating new tides of financial power to the missionary enterprise.

Cooperation entered into heartily by various Christian denomi- nations and by the Christians of different nationalities will inevitably result in strengthening the intellectual leadership of the missionary enterprise. Here our need is admittedly great. It reminds one of an article that" appeared in the London Spectator entitled "First Rate Events; Second Rate Men." In the world today, events of the first magnitude and sjgnificance are transpiring, but we have far too few leaders of the highest ability to cope with these great and pressing issues. We need in the Christian missionary movement more think- ers and fewer mechanical workers. There are too few creative minds. Great is the need of men and women who can rethink, re- state, reinterpret the missionary message and, where necessary, re- vise the missionary methods. .

Cooperation augments the intellectual resources of every coop.

erating body through pooling the intellectual abilities and contribu- tions of all. Great benefits have come to all the churches at work in China, and to every missionary society interested in that field, from the work of the educational commission sent out to China.

International cooperative plans made available to all agencies inter- ested in the uplift of Africa, both missionary and governmental, the results of the discerning and constructive studies of the Phelps- Stokes Commission headed by Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones. The experi- ence and conclusions of W. J. McKee, a Presbyterian industrial mis- sionary in India, who has accomplished an educational work of great originality and of the utmost practical value, should be made avail- able to a score of other mission boards.

It is expensive business for each mission to have to acquire in its own way a rare experience, which, through cooperation, can be shared with all. It is the very essence of cooperation, thus to make possible the thinking of one complementing or supplementing that of others.

The need for the enrichment of mind and comprehensiveness of view which comes from such united study and thought is more imperative just now than ever before. Why should certain denominations, mis.-

SOME ADVANT'AGES OF COOPERATION

sions, and national groups suffer intellectual impoverishment, and fall short of the intellectual mastery of their problems, and fail to afford a real intellectual leadership, through intellectual isolation, due to the failure to cooperate 1 Cooperation on the part of the churches, as well as of the dif- ferent nations which are engaged in missionary undertakings, will develop a larger and truer statesmanship for the kingdom of God.

Senator Root one day remarked to me that we may judge of the stage of advancement of the statesmanship of a nation by its ability to cooperate with other nations. We might reverse his statement, and say that only through cooperation do we make possible the de- velopment of the most advanced stage or type of statesmanship.

The manner of life of too many administrators, board members, and church leaders is not conducive to the development of Christian statesmanship. A disproportionately large amount of time and at- tention is today given to promotive activities. We need to be drawn out of the meshes of our ordinary financial and administrative rou- tine into fellowship with kindred minds of other bodies. Eyery genu- inely cooperative, unselfi!?h enterprise brings us out into a land of larger dimensions. _ The missionary message will be wonderfully enriched through the most intimate cooperation of all true Christian believers. In fact, is not genuine cooperation and unity essential to ensure the giving of full-orbed expression to the message of the Church of Christ ¥ He has not revealed Himself solely or fully through anyone nation, race, or communion. No part of mankind has a monopoly of His unsearchable riches. The help of all who have had vital ex- perience of Him is necessary adequately to reveal His excellencies and to communicate His power.

How much the rising native churches will be profited from enter- ing into such cooperative reJationsas will keep them in touch with organized Christianityof'J other lands! Surely every church will profit from preservihg intel.1igent contacts with historical Christiair~. ~t~. Name the oohtury in th~ life of the Christian religion which does notMve its contribution to make to every living church of to- day. Name the Ohristian creed which does not state truths in terms which will help to'bllttress and strengthen every Christiancommun- ion. What cannot each rising and struggling, as well as each strong and expanding church, gain from'the most intimate relation to vital and applied Christianity wherever it is found the world overY Such cooperative relations will not only enrich our message, but also, therefore, enrich our lives, enrich our spiritual experience, and wondrously enrich our spiritual fellowship. This leads us into one of the most profound mysteries and most transforming truths and processes of the Christian revelation. Well may we ponder, and ever and again ponder, the enric;hing and unfathomable ideas contained in

the words, "Until we all come in the unity of the faith, and the knowledge of the Son of God unto the perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ. " Through the knowledge of one another in the pathway of sacrificial service for one another in the great cooperative and unifying activities of the kingdom, as well as through the knowledge of the Son of God, we may become perfected.

The influence of the Christian religion will be enormously increased through genuine cooperation and unity. The unity or oneness among His followers down the generations, for which Christ prayed, was not to be regarded as an end in itself, but rather as a means to insure the great central end of Christian missions, namely, "That the world may believe." Thus this is the great, the triumphant apologetic. Wherever and whenever we find the Christian faith failing to sweep the field in triumph we do well to examine ourselves as to whether one of the chief causes, if not the chief one, may not lie right here. Divisions among the Christians-denominational, national, racial-have ever been a stumblingblock; but with the recent rapid shrinkage of the world these divisions have become more serious and intolerable than ever.

In recent visits to different parts of the Moslem world I was solemnized and humbled to find that the principal argument Mohammedans were using against us is our divisions. The same is true with reference to the attitude of unbelievers everywhere. For Christians to preach the Headship of Christ, and then to stand aloof from one another on the mission field, or at home, or to fail to fraternize or to cooperate with other Christians, belies our teachings and creates the impression that Christianity, like other religions, has lofty ideals, but that the practice of its followers or promoters shows that it is impracticable.

. We must do away with this stumblingblock. To this God is unquestionably calling us. If we can forget that we, the followers of Christ, are Americans, Canadians; British, French, Germans, Dutch, Scandinavians, Japanese, Chinese, Indians; or that we are Presbyterians, Baptists, Episcopalians, Methodists, Congregationalists, Lutherans, Disciples, Friends, in the work of making Him known to peoples in Asia, Mrica, Latin America, or of North America or Europe, we have gone a great way toward proving to unbelievers, who are moved by facts, that the religion of Jesus Christ is the great solvent of the racial and national alienations of the world, and therefore is the mightiest force operating among men. The present is the time of times to present this apologetic.

Well-considered policies and rich experiences in the realm of cooperation will give the missionary cause a fresh power of appeal to men and women of large affairs, of large capacity, and of large influence. We stand in need of just such a power of appeal. We

SOME ADVANTAGES OF COOPERATION

have lost something which in the pre-war days we had in the interdenominational and international Laymen's Missionary Movement.

What was it that enabled the Laymen's Missionary Moyement to make such a powerful appeal to the imagination and the will of leading laymen f In the first place, it was the largeness of the task presented. In the second place, these men of large vision and large affairs were appealed to by the wholeness of the task. Above all, they were impressed by the presentation of the oneness of the task; in other words, it was presented as a colossal cooperative undertaking which could not be accomplished apart from the united planning and effort of all the Christian forces. This was, and still is, the language which the modern mind, especially of men and women of large views, could understand.

The great powers of the new generation will be enlisted through large programs and plans of cooperation, federation, and unity, whereas a failure at this vital point may lose this younger generation to our ~ause. At present our plans do not powerfully appeal to the young men and young women of from twenty to thirty years of age. I have in mind the new generation, not only as we find it in North America, Europe, and Australasia, but also throughout Asia, Latin America, and parts of Africa. We must present to them a challenge vast enough to appeal to their imagination, difficult and exacting enough to call out their latent energies, absorbing enough to save them from themselves, tragic enough to counteract and overcome the growing habits of luxury, love of ease, pleasure, and softness, and overwhelming enough to drive them to God.

Moreover, to win their whole-hearted allegiance, we must be able to show them that ours is a united task. They will not stand for divisive policies and plans. Their intimate collaboration with us and their increasing acceptance of the burden of responsibility for initiative and leadership are indispensable. They have powers to bring to us which we simply must have. Their abounding hopefulness can counteract the pessimism which still so largely obtains even among Christians. They will bring to us a flood of idealism,. for, thank God! many of them are still living on the mountains, and have refused to come down into the midst of the valley in these days of reaction. They will bring to us that priceless power, the power of vision, for this is a distinguishing characteristic of youth. This new generation will enormously augment the spirit of adventure in the Christian Church, and this is supremely desirable, for we are. entering upon a period of unexampled warfare. We of an older generation stand ready to die fighting in our tracks for the same ideals and the same vision which command so largely the most discerning and unselfish of the new generation, but we will not live long enough to fill in the vision. The new generation, however, have at their disposal the necessary unspent years to fill it with living content of reality_

Effective, fruitful, triumphant cooperation is ever accompanied with fresh accessions of spiritual power. The reason is a simple one, but one that we are so prone to forget, namely, that cooperation can never be realized apart from the help which comes from super- human wisdom, superhuman love, and superhuman power. There- fore, wherever it is achieved, it is found to be in line with the tides of divine power. No other great desirable process and result is beset with such difficulties. There are the difficulties resulting from nar- rowness and prejudice-denominational, national, racial; difficulties due to pride and selfishness-personal, ecclesiastical, as well as of nationality or race; difficulties due to conservatism, fear, and lack of vision.

Moreover, there are unquestioned dangers which attend the de- velopment of cooperation between churches and between nations.

These difficulties and dangers, however, are in a very real sense our salvation. They will inevitably drive us to God, and serve to deepen our acquaintance with Him, and thus lead to the discovery of His ways, His resources and, therefore, 'His abundant adequacy. If we who cherish the vision of a coming better day of cooperation and unity were not confronted with situations which we honestly know are too hard for us to cope with, not only singly, but also collectively, we would by no means be so likely to seek His face, and to come to know His wondrous power. Some chnrches, nations, and races are more in danger than others of relying on their strong human organi- zation, their money power, their brilliant intellectual leadership, rather than on the limitless power of God.

Jesus Christ was familiar with the problem of disunion. His solution was strikingly unique. He summoned His followers to love one another, to serve one another, and 'thus actually to unite with one another. By His own example and teaching He made it clea~ that this' wonder work of vital union~amoIlg those. who oea,r H;is n~me is tIre work of God. Before lIe lefff't'Iiem Christ 'instructMHis disJj'pl~ to tarry until they entered into a corporat~ experieI1ce:-an experi~ ence where, as a result of having tHeir differences'snbmerged or gathered up into an unselfish comprehension, the conditions were realized which made possible the outpouring of the Holy Spirit sent down from heaven, and the triumphant progress of the early Chris- tian Church. That through all time there might be no doubt among Christians with reference to the deepest secret of achieving not only triumphant cooperation but genuine spiritual unity, He Himself set'

the example by praying that His followers through all time might be one. •Only as we enter into the mind and heart of Christ by simple reliance upon a presence and a power infinitely greater.. than our own, will we gain the spiritual dynamic essential for the realization of g!"nuine cooperation and unity. .

Courage of Kuramoto San*

BY JEAN M. PALMORE W HEN Kuramoto San and.his wife were. appointed .six xears ago to Aka, a town back In the mountaInS from HlmeJl, J a- pan, there was not a single Christian or a Sunday-school scholar to be found in the town, but the hottest kind of anti-Ohristian feeling existed. These two energetic people, however, faithfully went out street preaching, singing all the way until they had attracted a small crowd. After a short talk Kuramoto San would announce a meeting to follow immediately at his home, the chapel. The few who followed them to the chapel doors almost never came in. but after standing for a few minutes would either scoff aloud and depart or simply melt away into the darkness.

After a year and a half, this discouraging monotony was broken b~. 09-~ ma:q. at last giving his heart to God and receiving baptism. Then it was possible to have "morning worship," and the evangelist preached to this one-man congregation with as much energy and careful preparation as if he had a hundred there to listen. Even when the convert, being a sickly fellow, felt unable to stay through the sermon and would walk out, Kuramoto San, "to keep the devil from laughing at him" would go on preaching to his good little wife with all his might. Together the two of them would finish up the service to the very doxology before they would stop. Theirs was a spirit unconquerable.

Perhaps the secret of their strong faith was their habit of morning worship. Sometimes this service of prayer lengthened to two or three hours as they poured out their hearts for that town, pleading that God would lead them into the hearts of the people, that His uame might be glorified there; literally besieging the walls of J ericho with the same deep faith and dependence on God's leadership as Joshua of old.

One morning as they were thus praying-Kuramoto San's voice raised to a high pitch of his earnestness-the front door 'Was rollfld open and some one called, "Gomenasai." But they paid no attention and went on praying. After a time, again came the greeting. However, as they were communing with the Lord of heaven and earth, they saw no reason to stop and speak to one of His creatures; so they kept on praying. After a moment they were startled almost to silence in the sudden realization that the caller was doing the unheard-of thing in Japan, coming up into the house uninvited, and what was more, that he was opening the doors of the rooms intervening and was coming to take his seat on the floor beside them.

• From Th,e Mis8ionary Voice} Nasbville, Tenn.

705

After a short, "Excuse us, we are at prayer," the pastor went on praying. The stranger listened for a time, then he, too, raised his voice in prayer, so that .the two prayers rose intermingled to God's throne. The newcomer prayed, confessing his sins, calling on God to have mercy on and save him. Then, and not until then, did Kuramoto San change the tenor of his prayer and begin to pray for this man who had entered so strangely into their holy of holies. When that prayer was finished the newcomer rose. He had never heard the Gospel before and had only been attracted from the street by Kuramoto San's voice raised in prayer. God spoke to him and saved him on the spot, as was soon proved by the fact that h~ brought his wife to Christ also. These two with the one man already a Christian formed the nucleus of the present earnest little band of fifteen who have been brought to God.

Soon after Kuramoto San's arrival in Ako the opposition came to a head iIi the organization of an anti-Christian association with over a thousand members. One day they paraded great banners through tJJ.e streets with such inscriptions as: "To be a Christian is to be disloyal to our emperor and country. Let us kill It out!" "Christianity is immoral. Down with it." The mob gathered in front of the chapel, and there producing a picture of Jesus, they stamped upon it and tore it to bits with shouts and yells until the police broke them up. This demonstration of a thousand against one would have intimidated more than one of us, I fear, but this quiet little man went to see the mayor of the town the next day and charged him with lack of attention to his duties. Freedom of religious thought is a law in Japan. Hence, to have such an antidemonstration in the town was a confession of an unlawful element of which said town should be ashamed and should put down at once for the sake of its good name. Furthermore, if he, as a Christian, was disloyal to his emperor, then truly he should have been arrested and put into prison. How could the honorable mayor have been so blind to his duties! Then this clear-eyed little preacher extracted a promise from the confused and apologetic mayor that no more such demonstrations would be allowed. Following this with a warm invitation to investigate thoroughly this immoral, dangerous religion for the good of the country if nothing else, Kuramoto San wended his triumphant way homeward. There, he and his wife together poured out their thanksgiving and praise to God who had fulfilled in them as He had so often done in the children of Israel the promise, "five of you shall chase an hundred, and an hundred of you shall put ten thousand to flight."

@ ® ~

WO BEST MBTHODS "

»"'UUU""OV= 'I!!S' iii jill -" ".=…- EDITED BY MRs. E. O. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBURG BLDG. PHILADELPHIA, PA.

A SECTION FROM THE: NORTHlelElLD MOSLEM FASHION REVUE Among the costumes ot especial inte rest were one of exquisite beauty worn by Dr. S. L. Hosmon, or Arabia, -and the Kurdish dress of Miss Augusta Gudhart, of Kurdistan COSTUMING MOSLEM PLAYS AND PAGEANTS '1'he dramatic presentations of the coming year call for correct costuming of dwellers in Moslem lands. At the Silver Bay Conference of the Missionary Education Movement and at the Northfield Foreign Missions Conference the showings of costumes were interesting and helpful features. The pictures here given were posed by Rev. M. T. Titus of the Methodist Episcopal .Mission in Moradabad, India. The costumes belong to Miss Jeannette P erkins, coauthor of" Musa," who spent the past year in Mohammedan lands. They are not for r ent, but may be copied from these illustrations. At Silver Bay and Northfield these and other costumes were used in various ways suggestive of best methods in local churches. Monologues, based on story material taken from the textbooks, were given in costume. A young woman who had studied" Two Young Arabs" represented Noorah and recounted bz-ieily the story of the journey with her father and brother when she was a little girl. A boy wore thc costume suitable for Musa and delighted a class of children with his visit to them. At a story hour the story teller appeared in the costume frequently worn by story-tellers in the East. At Northfield the impromptu dialogue of missionaries, attired in the costumes for a Moslem fashion revue, was an educational as wcll as an entertaining feature.

A boy and a girl dressed in costumes of Mohammedan children of India delighted a group at the Demonstration School of the Gettysburg Assembly. The possibilities in eff{lctive costuming and poster making were further demonstrated when ten posters, each giving a succinct fact concerning Islam, were displayed by young women dressed in costumes of Mohammedan lands.

707

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD [ S ep t e m b e r

1. A Moslem sheik of the desert may wear a brown aba with white stripes, with a white scarf for a headdress. The coil around the head is a double circle of horse hair.

2. A rear view of the shick's aha shows the simple pattern of twelve·inch wide strips alternating, unbleached and brown. The original costume is made of camel's hair. The scarf is square, fringed with tassels and folded diagonally.

3. A Mohammedan sheik wears an aDa of camel's or goat's hair with a gold border. The gay colored scarf of purple and white with long fringe is held in place with a double coil of black, wound with silver or gold, indicating that he is a head man. The aba is worn over a close fitting coat·like · garment called a gaTioeah.

4. Syrian .boys may wear an inside galiheah of red and white striped sateen or cotton with girdle and dark aba, like the aO/l8 of the men. The headpiece is square with a small fringe and a cord to hold it in place. The accompanying picture shows the costume of a high-class Moslem boy of Syria.

BEST METHODS

5. A teacher or hoja wears an undergarment of striped material (like' 'oe'(H,lClnnl'" gathered in at the waist by a voluminous sash; a plain red fez, wound with white the bottom edge, provides the turban. Over the gal'ibeah he wears a dark blue serge coat with long sleeves. This costume, without the aba, is worn by a merchant in market places.

6. A city offiCial, such as one of the Sultan's guards or 'a special police, iliay wear this costume, although it is rapidly going out of date as the .ilk hat and the frock coat enme in. The coat of velvet is heavily embroidered in gold. The trousers of blue serge are trimmed with black cord and gold and are four yards around the waist.

7 and 8, A city E,gyptian woman or an Arab woman of the town, high-class and wealthy, may wear a dress of white satin heavily embroidered in beautiful shades of red, lm:lwn and yellow. The side drapery is made by fastening a tassel to a button. Over this is worn an aba of brilliant silk, of the same pattern as those of men. On the street Arab women wear over this costume a sheet-like outer garment and a heavier face veil.

9. On the street an Egyptian woman may wear a distinctive lace veil and nosepiece of brass shaped like a double spool. Her outer garment is of black as is the headdress.

10. In North Africa one sees the burnoose, a graceful garment made of soft yellow broadcloth. The pattern is like that of a cape, circular and very large. The buT1toose is slung over the shoulder with the headpiece hanging loose.

11. Musa, the hero of one of the children's books, may be represented by this costume of a little Egyptian boy. The coat or ualibeah is of blue and white. There is a volumi· nous sash and a fez with a tassel. This boy wears red leather shoes and tassels and does not go without his beads with the charm.

12. The little girl's dress is bright flowered calico with white laee bertha. The thin gauzy head veil is decorated with gold beads 011 edges, and there are four strings of beads in red together with the blue beads and the charm. The dress should reach to the ground, and be ruffied at the bottom.

Woman's Home and Foreign

COUNClL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS AND ]'EDERATJON OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF POREIGN MrssIO"'S A PROGRAM FOR STUDENTS dents' Conception of Missions as Ex- Suggested for a meeting held under the pressed in Students' Gatherings. ~~~~';.tio~ a Women'. Churoh and Missionary (Two five·minut.e talks, preferably by SUBJECT; The Share of the College students. Based upon the E,vanston Inter- denominational Student Conference, the Student in the Missionary Enter- Louisville MJithodist Student Conference, or prise. the Student Volunteer Convention.) AIM: To show what is being done Not/!: If this is not feasible, both of the by students, and what may be done, scuogugldesbtieonussedu.nder "Short Presentations"

if students will accept the leadership Address: The Challenge to Stu- offered to them. dents to Become Sharers in the World Hymn: "0, Brothers, Lift Your Task of the Church of Today.

Voices. " (By an adult 'or some outstanding stu· Responsive Reading: Psalm 96. Prayer: by leader. dent; if available.) , Short pre.sentations: Hymn: "Lead on, 0 King Et€!l'- I. How Students Are Sharing at the Present Time in the Missionary nal. " Enterprise. Prayer and Benedtiction. 1. Farm and Cannery Migrants. 2. Women's Union Christian Colleges in Note: This program ·has been project~d for a meeting held in the interest of and Foreign Fields. for college students who may be at home on 3. Foreign Work of the Y. W. C. A. vacation or may be resident in the com· 4. Inter·racial Student Movement in Amer· munity. Its purpose is to arouse interest in the missionary program of the Church ica. on the part of these college students, or (Four :five-minute talks by students. young alumnre. Sources of information listed below.) The program should be, as far as pos· or sible, in the hands of students, and if adults ar~ used, they should be persons who II. Student Organizations and Their are in touch with the thinking of students. Contribution to the Mission- ary Movement. It will be quite impossible to use the whole program as outHned, and those parts (Short presentations of Bome of the vari· should be chosen which can be best ar· ous student denominational and interde· ranged for by a community in the light of nominational organizations, such as, the the material available, inclUding both speak. Lutheran Student Association, Wesley F'oun· dation, Y. W. C. A., etc., by students who ers and subject matter. For example, use are members of such groups, if such can be the topic on "Student Organizatiops" if found.) there are stUdents available to represent these various organizations, or some of How Interest in Missions May Be them. Printed material is always avail· Promoted on the Campus. able, of course, by "application to the proper source, and for this reason, the program (Various students tell methods that have should be planned well in advance. been used. For those who wish to follow out the idea of student work on the campus If possible, have a group of students to this topic can be used instead of the follow- lead the singing, and introduce as much ing topic on the students' conception of music as possible. The hymns indicated missions.) are merely suggestive, and others chosen by the students could be substituted, if de- Hymn: "We've a Story to Tell to sired. the Nations," Sources of information: or Farm and Cannery Migrants-Council of "In Christ There IS N0 East Nor Women for Home Missions, 156 Fifth Ave., West." New York. . Short reports: SUBJECT: The Stu- Women's Union Christian Colleges in Foreign Fields-Miss Florence G. Tyler, Executive Secretary, 25 Madison Ave., New York.

711

Foreign Work of Y. W. O. A.–Student Denominational Student Organizations- Denominational headqnarters. Department, National Board, Y. W. C. A., 600 Lexington Ave., New York. "Youth Looks at the Church" (Evanston Interracial Student Movements-Commis· Conference, $1.00)-Abingdon Press, 150 sion on the Church and Race Relations, Fed· Fifth Ave., New York. eral Council, 105 E. 22nd St., New York; , 'Through the Eyes of Youth" (Loui.· Commission on Interracial Cooperation, 409 Palmer BI(jg., Atlanta, Ga. ville .Conference, $1.00 )-Abingdon Press, 150 Fifth Ave., New York.

THE SCIENCE BUILDING OF THE WOMAN'S COLLEGE, MADRAS, INDIA FOREIGN MISSIONS EDITED BY ELLA D. :MACLAURIN, 25 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK A PROGRAM OF GROWTH Peking has now become a parto! the By l<"'LORENCE G. TYLER Medical School of Shantung Univer- sity at Tsinan. January first 1923 marked a new day in the education of women of the Last year two hundred trained and . Orient. On that day the campaign equipped young women were gradu- for building funds was completed and the cable "BUILD" sent to the seven ated from these seven institutions- Union Christian Colleges for Women the total enrollment being over 1,000 of the Oi-ient. students. At least 75% of the gradu- ates go into the teaching profession. There are now about thirty-five stu- They have built. Twenty-nine dents from these colleges taking grad- beautiful new buildings are completed uate work here in America.

and are housing six: of these colleges, Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow, . and nine more buildings will be ready India, holds the record for being the before the fall when Yenching College oldest college in the Far East. Yench- will move into its new home whieh is ing follows close behind with a record a part of the entire plllnt of Peking of twenty years of service while three University. The North China Medical of the colleges have recently celebrated School which used to be loea.teg in _their tenth anniversary.

WOMAN '8 HOME AND FOR!E'lGN BULLETINS

The Woman's Christian College of Home Economics for the Chinese high Jap~ has the largest registration, schools. A model practice house will be built on the new campus and under having almost three hundred students the direction of a Chinese specialist and the faculty consists of forty-five trained at Oregon Agricultural Colmembers of whom thirty-nine are lege will provide opportunities .for Japanese. actual supervised practice for all stu- dents majoring in this department. Ginling has strengthened its Science Department in order to be able to do The Woman's Medical School at premedical work for students who are planning to make medicine their pro- Vellore, India, was opened in 1918 fession. The Woman's College of with fifteen students. The number Madras gives premedical training for enrolled this year is seventy-eight.

A GROUP OF STUDENTS AT GINLING COLLEGE, CHINA students planning to attend theUni- The graduates number about forty and these doctors are engaged in versity of Madras Medical College. medical service in hospitals and pri- Among the alumnre are thirteen quali- vate practice all over India where the need for them is exceedingly great, fied women doctors. However, the owing to the fact that the vast majoi·- majority of the graduates of the Wom- ity of the women of India are not al- an 's College of Madras are teachers. lowed by custom to receive medical at- Yenching College has done a most tention from men physicians. Exten- sive training is given in village dis- interesting piece of work along the pensaries and wayside clinics in line of Home Economics. After a careful and extensive survey of home addition to regular studies. .A recent conditions in many parts of China, British visitor to Vellore after seemg Dean Milam of Oregon Agricultural College, Corvallis, Oregon, established the splendid work don,ethere wr6t'li a a Home EconoInics Department at check wiping out the deficit ,·incihe Yenching which is not only revolution- . izing the ideas of the students along budget of the current :fiScal' ·y'eai<,'· the lines of dietetics and home sanita- tion, but is also training teachers ·of GihliiigCollege has a: splendid Physical Education Department

which is the result of the strong work increase their gifts to these college built up by the Young Women's Chris- budgets at this time. Either the budgtian Association and now taken over ets must be disastrously cut or an adby Ginling College with cooperation ditional sum of money must be raised and material asisstance from the Asso- from outside sources to meet this ciation. Out of a total of sixty-eight pressing need. Ginling graduates, forty are teaching in the schools of China and fifteen are The Cooperating Committee for the taking graduate work either in Amer- Women's Union Christian Colleges in ica or in medical schools in China. Foreign Fields has taken upon itself the task of raising fifty thousand dol- The record of the Women's Union lars to complete the budgets of the Christian Colleges is a record of colleges and enable them to proceed achievement and one of which the in their work unhampered by debt. women of America may well be proud. They believe that this money can be Growth always brings added responsi- raised from the following sources: bilities. The enrollment in each of the American colleges, college clubs, seven colleges is greater than ever be- woman's clubs, local missionary fore. Several, of the departments federations and individual givers. which formerly had one professor in The building of a list of annual concharge nOw require two. This growth tributors is a slow process. The need necessarily increases the operating is immediate. We need fifty thousand budgets of the colleges. Mission dollars this year. YOU HAVE Boards do not see their way clear to BUILT-WILL YOU MAINTAIN?

HOME MISSIONS EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK HEBREWS Here they have suffered no civil or religious disabilities. They have By REv. JOHN STUAR.T CoNNING, D.D. shared with their fellow citizens the , From the report Oof the Committee of the same freedom of educational, ecol Home Missions Council a.nd Council of Women nomic, and political ()pportunity. for Home Missions, Dr. Conning, Chairman. And nowhere has Judaism been char- acterized by such outward marks of .r The past year has been one of un- prosperity. But today the Jew is ill at ease. He is less sure of his posi- usual activhY in ewish circles. Out tion. In certain quarters he has en- of the efforts .of Jews to adjust them- countered suspicion and ill will. A selves to new·.conditions in the free definite anti-semitic propaganda has life of America there have emerged tendencies which are seriously affect- singled Jews out as an undesirable ing their whole life and thought. element in the life of the nation. The Jewish leaders are devoting them- present quota immigration law is in- selves with utmost zeal to the main- terpreted as an action especially di- taining of a distinct Jewish conscious- ness. Through press and platform, rected against them. As a conse- synagogue and communal organiza- tion, they are seeking to safeguard quence the Jew has been put on the their people from the assimilative in- defensive. He is eager to prove his fluences to which they are subjected. patriotism and the greatness of Jew- ish contributions to America. He is There has been in evidence an ex- ready to cooperate in every movement treme sensitiveness to adverse criti- calculated to create good wi}'l and a cism. Manifestations of anti-semitism here and there in America have better understanding with his neigh- greatly disturbed the Jews. This has bors. It is surely the duty of the been the one la~d in the earth where Christian Church at this time to re- their enjoyment of liberty, fellow- buke intolerance and express to the ship, and justice seemed assured. Jews our desire to share with them

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOR.EIGN BULLETINS

every liberty and privilege which we Klausner, of the University of Jeru- salem. This book has carried the ourselves enjoy. name of Jesus into every ghetto of the Another matter of grave concern world. A large number of Jews go as far or further than the author in their to Jewish leaders is the revolt of the appreciation of Jesus. This change of people against traditional Judaism. attitude is due to many causes, but The conception that the Torah as mainly to contacts with Christian given at Sinai, orally and in writing, men and women, the influence of conwith all its minutiae as developed in secrated Christian workers, the cirthe Talmud, is complete and unalter- culation of the New Testament and able and binding on all ages, is no other Christian literature, occasional longer taken seriously by the Jewish visits to churches, and the influence masses. They are neglecting the of Christian messages over the radio. synagogue and are looking elsewhere, -in socialism or in some modern Another factor which has added cult-for spiritual satisfaction. To greatly to the problems with which meet this situation Jewish leaders are Jewish leaders have to deal is the displaying feverish activity. Organi- wide distribution of their people. zations and institutions of all sorts- Every state and territory has its Jewmainly patterned after those of Chris- ish population. .Tews are found in tians-are bei~g multiplied to stay every city, in most towns and vilthe drift and develop larger loyalty. lages, and in the open country. Even The appeals, however, are racial in cities with a large Jewish popularather than religious. Zionism is tion the majority d(J not live in ghetemphasized as a means of uniting the tos, but in American residential divergent elements of Judaism. J ew- neighborhoods. For the first time in ish education has received increased their history .Tews in large numbers attention. The Reform Movement is live in proximity to Christian earnestly seeking to bring the Mosaic churches and are in contact with ceremonials into accord with modern evangelical Christianity. This unique life and thought. situation is bringing about two note- worthy results. First, numbers of Among changes to be noted in mod- .Tews are losing their anti-Christian ern Jewish attitudes is the place now prejudices. In many communities, being given to Jesus. For centuries especially those in which there is no His name was never mentioned in the synagogue, they occasionally attend Ghetto. If learned rabbis had oc- Christian churches and frequently casion to refer to Him, He was des- send their children to Sunday school. ignated as "That Man," or "The Another result of free Jewish and Nazarene," or "The Crucified One." Gentile contacts is a marked increase For centuries the (Jnly account of His in the number of intermarriages. life circulated in the Ghetto was a While occasionally a Gentile wife enscurrilous and blasphemous produc- ters the synagogue with her Jewish tion called the Toledoth Yeshu. But husband, in the great majority of there are today signs of a change. cases intermarriage means loss to Though official orthodox Judaism' is Judaism. Even where connection .as hostile to Jesus as ever, in other with the Church is merely nominal, quarters there is a disposition to claim the children are almost invariably Him as one of the great men of their brought up as Christians. To meet race. Such hooks as Joseph Jacobs' these conditions Jewish leaders are " Jesus as Others Saw Him," and E. seeking to keep closer contact with G. Enelow's "A Jewish View of Jews in scattered communities, and Jesus," hold this position. Quite a very definite propaganda against recently there was published in Jeru- intermarriage is in progress. salem in Hebrew a comprehensive biography, "Jesus of Nazareth," by While the conditions indicated are an eminent Jewish scholar, Dr. Joseph

in some respects peculiar to America, conviction that the time has come for corresponding changes have been tak- them to accept some responsibility for ing place elsewhere, especially in a Christian ministry to the race of Eastern and Central Europe. Of Jesus, but hesitate to employ the tra- particular significance is the move- ditional methods of approach. For- ment toward Christianity in various tunately, here in America, Providence E1IrOpean Jewish communities. In has placed within our reach a means his annual report to the General of winning the Jews, than which Assembly of the United Free Church there can be none more satisfactory of Scotland, Rev. J. Macdonald Web- or more worth while. The fact that ster, D.D., Secretary for Jewish thousands of Christian churches have work, presented some interesting Jews living within their bounds :sug- facts which deserve repetition for our gests at once the possibility of includ- information and encouragement. ing these- Jews in their ministry.

In the city of Vienna, during the That this ministry is both practicable past seven years, many thousands of and effective has already been dem- Jews have entered the Christian onstrated. Some churches which have Church, the most notable conversion taken up this truly apostolic probeing that of Hans Herzl, son of the gram have received into their memfounder o~ modern Zionism. In the bership thirty or more Jews. The territory of the old undivided Hun- possibilities of this service are incalgary a Jewish authority estimates culable. If every church in America that since 1918 no fewer than 97,000 having Jews in its parish could be Jews have professed conversion to definitely enlisted in a kindly, sym- Christianity. In Budapest alone, dur- pathetic, and intelligent ministry to ing the past seven years, over 2,5D0 its Jewish neighbors, the aggregate Jewish converts were added to the of such service would immeasurably Presbyterian Church and half as exceed anything that has hitherto many more to other Protestant com- been attempted. This program calls munions. In certain cities in Ukrai- for no vast expenditures of money. nia, Jewish converts have been so nu- It requires no additional buildings merous. that whole congregations have and little, if any, additional equipbeen formed of Hebrew Christians. ment. In some congested communi- ties, one or more trained workers Such information, coupled with might be desirable, but in the average what is taking place in this country church this is unnecessary. What is today, can but impress us with the needed is an understanding of the unparalleled opportunity which we Jewish people, large sympathy,and a are facing of interpreting Christian- sincere desire to win them to a true its in a vital way to the Jews. The and adequate knowledge of Christ situation constitutes a veritable call and His Gospel. of God. If American Christians will but· heed this call and bring to this In view of the present situation, challenging task their resources of and the need and urgency of a Chrif;- prayer, gifts, and consecrated per- tian ministry to the Jews, it is recsonality a work may be done for Jews ommended that the denominations be in this new land, so far removed from urged: the scene of their ancient wrongs, far op· 1. To place themselves on record as exceeding anything which has been posed to anti·semitism in evevereyryfoerfmfo~tantod attempted in any preceding genera- as in full sympathy with tion. promote good will and a better understand· Several denominations have already ing between Jew and Gentile. made work for the Jews an integr~l 2. To encourage every church having ,Tews in its community to show a friendly part of their missionary program. interest and interpret the Christian Gospel Other denominations have a growing to them in terms of sympathy and kind· ness.

FROM MANY:tANJI)S

JAPAN-KOREA Japanese institutions and civilization The Gospel in a Model Village in order to enable them to under- stand the Japanese mind and national YOGO, the so-called "model vil- characteristics which will,· in turn, lage" of Ehime Prefecture, is enable them to do Christian work quite model in many. ways, but the well; (2) careful study and undermissionary and his associates, writes standing of native religions and meet- Rev. R. J. Dosker, of Matsuyama, ing them with respect and tolerance Japan, "have felt for some time that instead of prejudice; (3) clear underthey would like to see this village standing of economic and social conbecome a truly model village by an- ditions in modern Japan so as to nexing to its title 'Model' the name enable them to give the right kind of Christian, making it the 'model Chris- message in the face of acute problems tian village.' Regular meetings are of living which Japan is today facbeing held tw~ce a month at Yogo. ing; and (4) strong emphasis on Not long ago a short Life of Christ educational work, both secular and rein moving pictures, which is the ligious, and careful leadership among property of Matsuyama Station, was the younger and growing generapresented to the Yogo public in the open square before the village rail- tion. "

road station. It is estimated that A Japanese Pastor's Secret not less than eight hundred people, D practically the whole village crowded DRING the remodeling of a church in Tokyo, writes Rev. into that square that night, the great majority of them to hear for the first Howard D. Hannaford, a Presbyteri~ time the life story of Jesus Christ, an missionary, the pastor used to go to their Saviour, as it was being ex- the church every morning early and plained while displayed before them offer prayer with the workmen before in hand-painted moving pictures. they began the day's labor. Most of That double impression through eye them had never come into contact with and through ear will not easily be Christianity before and they were erased. " impressed particularly with the per- Missionaries Needed in Japan sonal, intimate quality of Christian prayers, being really touched because COMMENTING on an interesting the minister prayed for the families article by Bishop Kogoro Uzaki of the )Vorkmen. In this way the labor in the Monthly of the National Chris- on the house of God was consecrated.

tian Council of Japan, which points One day during the plastering opera- out some of the spiritual qualifica- tions, after the workmen had left the tions of the missionaries needed in building, he pasted on the wall back Japan today, the editor of the Bul- of the pulpit a series of twelve Scrip- letin published by the Japanese Stu- ture verses, designed to express the dent Christian Association in the purpose of his ministry in the church United States says: "A few of the and the truths for which the cburch things to which the younger genera- stood. No one knew of this quaint tion hope that missionaries who come ceremony; to the minister it was a to Japan will give more careful at- tryst with God. The next day the tention are: (1) Thorough study of workmen covered the paper on which 717

were written these texts, with plaster, Kazuchan will not eat any food since but it is a constant reminder to the she came to your kindergarten, unless pastor of the high purpose to which I pray first to the Christian's God.

he and the church members have dedi- She says, "My teacher at school told cated themselves. me that I must always give thanks to Church Giving in Kobe God before I eat-please say 'Thank you' to God, father.'" He added: THE organization in February of 'I said "Thank you" to my own Bud- the seventh self-supporting Presbyterian church in Kobe, Japan, a city dhist god to satisfy her, but she only of about 650,000 people, and the dedi- cried and refused to eat, and said, cation of its building are described "No, no; it must be the true Chrisby H. W. Myers, who writes: "There tian God who made the world~your are only about forty Christians in the church, none of them possessed of this god does not hear." And now, lest world's goods, but from March, 1926, she should not eat, and should be ill, they have undertaken the support of we give thanks every day to your God,' he added."

their church and pastor, with no help A Korean Gambler Won R from the Mission. The pastor of the EV. c. F. BERNHEISEL, D.D., new church is the Rev. N. Uemura, of Union Christian College, Py- a graduate of Kobe Seminary, an engyang, Korea, describes his recent earnest, capable young man of thirty- trip to southern Korea, and the mis- two, whose faith and zeal have made sionary opportunity there is in a cer- the present step possible. Next to him tain district. He writes: "A man honor must be given to Dr. Mizokuchi who has been secretary to the magis- and the Shinko Church, of which he trate has decided to become a Chris- is the pastor. They provided about tian and has taken a bold stand fifteen hundred yen to pay half the before his neighbors. He has been cost of the manse, and have agreed to one of the chief gamblers of the place.

make a generous subsidy this year About sixty persons of all ages as- and next if the little church finds sembled there that afternoon and eve- itself in financial difficulties while it ning for the services. They seem is getting on its feet. I think the genuinely interested and we have good subsidy will not be needed, as these hopes for the establishment of a good people 'have a mind to work.' One group in that neighborhood. A house of the elders works at a laundry and has been secured and turned into a preaches the Gospel; one is a clerk at church building. The ex-secretary and the Monopoly Bureau; one works at gambler says that if some old Christian the dockyard, and all four give like can be secured to come to the village princes." to live he will give all his time going Saying "Thank You" to God about with him preaching the Gospel. Elder Kim and three other !rood men MISS KATHERJNE STOKES, from other churches have agreed each kindergarten teacher in Kobe, to go one Sabbath each month for a Japan, writes of her visiting in the year to this place and conduct the homes: "A small girl, aged five, en- service. Thus on the Sabbaths at least tered the kindergarten in April. they will have good leadership and it When we visited the house for the is hoped that in this way local leaderfirst time in June, we were received ship will be developed, so that after by both father and mother, who, in a year or so they can take care of the usual Japanese manner, over- themselves. " whelmed us with thanks for our care of the child at school. Then I in- Korean Desire for Education G quired tentatively of the father as toORDON W. AVISON, now Y. M. C. A. secretary in Seoul, writes: his religion; he replied, 'I am really an ardent follower of Buddha; but "After having been brought up in

NEWS, mOM MANY LANDS

Korea, the writer spent some twenty Winning Filipino Students years in America before he returned to the land of his youth. Naturally a REV. CHARLES R. HAMILTON, great many changes have taken place D.D., who, in addition to his the greatest of which is, perhaps, that other duties in the American Presfound in the attitude of the mass of byterian Mission in the Philippines, the people towards education. For- is pastor of the college church in merly a good Chinese scholar was re- Laguna, says in Women and Misgarded as educated and women were sions: left entirely without schooling. Today the young men and women do not "The vast field of student work care whether they learn Chinese constantly reveals new possibilities. characters, so long as they can get a To reach the great Filipino student Western education. With education, body is to capture the Philippines for the people think they see the oppor- Christ. No other work yields more tunity of taking their places in the promising results, for the students world, and once more the Korean hold the key to the future. The mispeople will have the chance to become sion is meeting the challenge by stureal factors in the new world. As dent dormitories, preaching services, medicine opens doors for the preach- student centers, Bible classes, etc. ing of the Gospel of Jesus, so Chris- In Cebu the student center building tian education will fling wide thou- is occupied as a residence by a Filisands of closed doors." pino pastor and his family, who work among the students in a personal way ISLANDS OF THE SEA and assist the missionaries in the teaching of classes. More than 300 "Mott Conference" in Melbourne students make use of the building for reading, rest and study each week. REV J. W. BURTON, editor of the Seventy-three students have accepted Missio'lU!ry Review, published by Christ and dedicated their lives to the Methodist Church of Australia, His service during the year. Nearly describes with enthusiasm the con- 100 students of the Christian En- .ference held in Melbourne during the deavor Society go out two-and-two recent visit there of Dr. John R. Mott: each Sunday into the needy barrios of ., The 400 delegates gathered from Cebu and conduct services, reaching every state in Australia and from between 400 and 500 persons." various points in the Pacific. A Continuation Commitee was set up to New Days in the New Hebrides conserve the results of the conference and to form a body which would ex- REV. F. G. BOWIE, a veteran mispress the mind of all the missionary sionary of the United Free organizations, and also provide a Church of Scotland in Tangoa, New means of linking up with similar or- Hebrides, writes: "We are all that ganizations in other lands. In this are left now of the United Free misway we shall have a representative sionaries in the New Hebrides, but body, Australian in character, which there are missionaries from other will be able to utter itself on behalf churches, New South Wales, Victoria, of the various churches and mission- Tasmania, and New Zealand Presbyary societies in such a way as to com- teries, and we all work together. mand the attention of those in author- There have been great changes, not ity and to speak with solemn voice the least being among the natives. to the great masses of Christians in For those around us and in the nearer our Church, many of whom are not parts the old days and the old life are yet Christian enough to realize that gone. Instead of being killed the chilour Master's command is binding up- dren are being cared for. On the on every member of His Church." mountains there are still' many hea- then, who are always friendly enough to us personally, but who make it

plain that they wish to be let alone in left his entire estate to his wife and their old way. Every now and again, children, "feeling sure that they will however, some join {)ur Christian use the property entrusted to them people, and it so happens that at the liberally for humane and benevolent present time the people of two dis- objects." But he made one specific tricts, far apart, are asking for teach- bequest, which is thus described in ers. Perhaps the greater part of our the will: work lies in the Training Institute for Teachers, which is here, and which My honored and revered great-grandis supported by all the churches in- father Anson G. Phelps bequeathed to my terested. ' , father, William E. Dodge, as one of his grandchildren, $5,000, with the injunction NORTH AlIIERICA that the same should be considered as a sacred deposit committed to his trust to be Sunday at the Sesquicentennial invested, and the ineome therefrom to be devoted to the spread of the Gospel and T ;HOUGH it was stated in the May to promote the Redeemer's kingdom on Rwiew that Mayor Kendrick of earth, and to be transmitted unimpaired to Philadelphia was planning to give a his descendants, to be sacredly devoted to special place to religion in the Sesqui- the same object. centennial Exposition, later events have led to a very different outcome. In a similar manner, Mr. Dodge di- The Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., rected that the income of this amountnotified the mayor of Philadelphia shall be spent and the principal be that that denomination had with- passed on to succeeding generations drawn its support, because of the "for the like purposes and objects." policy of keeping the exposition open on Sunday. For a time the exposition New Y. W. C. A. Conferenccs was closed on Sunday, but the management yielded to popular clamor A SERIES of eight conferences for and the consequence has been that a national and local leaders of the number of Protestant churches have y_ W. C. A. is announced for early withdrawn their support from it, and fall and winter. Under the chairmanalso abandoned participation in ex- ship of Mrs. Frederick M. Paist 01 hibitions on the grounds. The Amer- Philadelphia, each conference willican Bible Society and the W. C. T. U. have a general theme such as youth; have taken similar action. The or a kindred general problem of to- United Presbyterian comments: day. Approximate locations an- nounced are Texas, Virginia, Colo- The action of the directors of the Sesqui- rado, California, Iowa, Wasbington centennial, in opening its gates on the Sab- and Florida. New York may be bath day, is not only a discourtesy to the added as a meeting place for those in masses of the Christian people of Pennsyl- the East. Ea<;h locality, according vania, but is a flat violation of the eon- to Mrs. Paist, will choose its own prodition and pledge on which these men obtain- gramme. Each conference committee ed a grant of $750.000 by the Legislature will be made up of local as well as of Pennsylvania. The churches generally national members. The demand for have passed strong resolutions condemning this type of conference grew out of this action, and the Governor of the state the success of the Y. W. C. A. conhas protested against it and ordered the vention last spring. While those state building closed on that day. within the Y. W. C. A. movement meet frequently for sectional con- Genera.tions of Stewardship ferences on kindred techni~al prob- lems, these new meetings will deal ONE paragraph in the will of the with general SUl'veys of all Associa- late Cleveland H. Dodge fur- tion work. It is expected that the nishes a striking illustration of the new series by absorbing many of the way in which the tradition of Chris- highly specialized conferences, will tian stewardship can be handed down prove a time saver. The series will in a family. Mr. Dodge, who had in no way interfere with the summer given away millions in his lifetime,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

conferences that yearly attract 10,- Some who had received the Scriptures 000 girls. Mrs. Emma F. Byers of the year before were still carrying the New York is executive secretary. books and reading them. Several who last year had received 'resta- Virginia Rural Church Survey ments now asked for Bibles.

-THROUGH the provision made in Christian Reformed Church Missions the Purnell Bill, which passed THE Christian Reformed Church, Congress about a year ago, the Ex- the smallest of the three Reformed periment Station of the Virgima Churches in America, has been doing Polytechnic Institute, in July began a much for the cause of missions among scientific study of the rural church the Indians, where this church supsituation in Virginia. In May, W. E. ports thirty workers in the southwest. Garnett, Professor of Rural Sociology, New missionaries are als(' being sent V. P. 1., who will have direct super- to China, where the main station is vision of the work, met in conference located at Jukao, Kiangsu Province_ leaders of various denominations of Work among the Jews is carried Virginia, as well as representatives on in Chicago, Illinois and Paterson, of state departments interested in New Jersey_ Several churches -have rural problems. The object of this been established among the Hollandconference was to enlist the support ers in Canada. of church leaders so that the survey might be made with the general co- The Gospel in Alaskan Tundras -operation of an inter-denominational committee. Practically every de- A MORAVIAN missionary in nomination in the state was repre- Bethel, Alaska, writes: " Tlie sented, and the leaders favored the visit to the members in the tundra plan heartily, adopting the following villages was very satisfactory and E;n~ resolutions : couraging. We can see how an ex- perience of God is becoming more Resolved, First, That we, unoffieial repre- distinct in their spiritual life. Again sentatives of different denominations, en- we rejoiced in further evidence of dorse the proposal of the Experiment Station fuller trust in God's leading and less of V. P. I., to make a scientific study of the fear of the powers of the devil. A entire rural church conditions in Virginia. young man in the last sta!!'es of tuber~ culosis was repeatedly urged and Second, That we ask the V. P_ 1_ anthor- coaxed to resort to the medicine man '8 ities to appoint representatives from the powers. Said he: 'I h-uve no faith va.rious denominations to act as an advisory in the power of the medicine-man to council, cooperating with the department heal me. He cannot help me. I know in its survey_ my days here are not many. Why should I then endanger my eternal Bibles Given to Circus Folk living by giving myself to the power of evil now?' It was a pleasure to T HE employees of a circus are have him partake of the Holy Com- people in a class by themselves. munion. It is a happy experience to They are constantly traveling from work among our appreciative tundra one town to another and aside from people_ How different it used to be their own associations live among when the missionary's coming was strangers. For several years a dele- looked upon with the utmost indif~ gation of workers from the New York ference I" Bible Society has visited each spring the circus of Ringling Brothers and LATIN AMERICA Barnum and Bailey, and Sparks's Circus. An entire day has been spent Exchange Student. in Mexico with each circus giving the Scriptures to the employees. One day in May AMERICAN students have been last, 1612 volumes of the Scriptures flocking over the Mexican border in sixteen languages were given at to attend the summer school of the one circus and on a later date 440 copies were given at the other circus_ 5

University of the City of M.exico. Use of Bible in ChUe Commended Last year three hundred students, both men and women, from the United T HAT the Roman Catholic Church States chose Mexico for post-graduate is beginning to respond to the in- study. "This is the fourth year of fluence of the new day in certain the exchange system inaugurated by parts of South America is suggest'ed the University," says Miss Elena by a decree of the Archbishop of San- Ramirez, as quoted in The America.!1' tiago which went into effect Ja~uary Friend. "Much is done by the Um- 1st. In his decree the ArchbIshop versity to make the stay of the Amer- says, "Priests of the secular and reg- icans pleasant. The altitude is high ular clergy less than seventy years of and the climate clear and bracing," age shall be prohibited from celebrat- The Y. W. C. A. of Mexico City co- ing mass in public on feast days un- operates in making arrang-ements for less they, or other priests, read the women students and hospitality. gospel to the public in the vernacular Miss Ramirez, after a year's study in with at least five minutes' explana- New York will return to become one tion. Rectors or churches are charged of the first Y. W. C. A. secretaries in with the fulfilment of this decree and Mexico. witb the notifying of priests who say mass on feast days that they must Sanet! Spir"itu8 School comply with these requirements to secure permission to celebrate mass." SOON after Cuba won her inde- -Christian Century. pen den c e, the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., selected United Evangelistic Effort Sancti Spiritus, a town of 20,000 i~­ habitants which was founded III I N Santa Anna do Livramento, a 1514 as' one of the centers of its large city on the Uruguayan fron- work. In 1903 a school was opened in connection with the church and tier of Brazil the Methodist Episcopal has been maintained as an effective part of the evangelical work until the Church South, and twheel~-Ao:mgaenriiczaend present day. In Febru~ry, 1925, a Episcopal Church have beautiful and commodIOus school building was dedicated. It is unique mission churches. Each mISSIOn has a in the educational life of Sancti Spiritus, as the first building ever erected resident minister, whose field extends there exclusively for school purposes. Other schools have always been over a vast territory beyond the city. housed in rented or remodeled buildings. The school has been a vigorous Rev. G. D. Parker, describing in the factor in building up a strong church at Sancti Spiritus. The number of Missionary Voice a cooperative evanpupils matriculated during the y.ear 1924-1925 was 240, and almost WIth- gelistic campaign, which had some out exception they were attendants upon the Sunday-schooL The Bible unusual features, says: "The two has always been taught very efficient- missionaries and their wives met ly and is probably the most popular twice a week for several weeks for subject in the school curriculum. The consultation and prayer. Then the school has recently been incorporated city was divided into thirteen zones with the Provincial Institute and the and a prayer circle formed in each, state professors now visit it annually which met twice a week. The groups to examine the pupils and award were led by laymen of both churches degrees. and the meetings, which were held in private homes, were largely at- tended. On the Sunday evening pre- ceding the first meeting of the prayer bands there was a consecration service held in the Episcopal church, which was conducted by the Methodist minister with the thirteen lay leaders kneeling at the altar. The general meetings of the campaign, which were conducted alternately by the Method-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ist pastor and the Episcopal rector otherwise, as the assembly, in its wiswere held in the Methodist church." dom, may determine."

EUROPE Boy Refugees in Greece Postal Eva.ngelism in Europe L RA.Y OGDEN, Director of the • school for boys conducted by WHEN, several years ago, evangel- Near East Relief on the island of istic meetings in Ireland were Syra, says of the boys with whom he made practically impossible, Tom is working: "They are the product Rhea, an Irish evangelist, was led, of World-War demoralization. They says the London Christian, into "a came into American orphanages suffresh method of service in the Gos- fering from starvation and almost pel. " The work, started in hostile every form of disease . . . Now circumstances, has now quite out- every Sunday night they gather for grown its origin[ll limitations, and their evening meeting. We grown-ups now operates, as the "Scripture marvel at the way in which the boys Circulation Movement," among Cath- themselves do it all. This is the proolics in some parts of the Irish Free gram given last Sunday: The boys State, North of Scotland, Spain, Por- sang both Greek and Armenian tugal and elsewhere. Friends furnish chants, then 'Faith of Our Fathers' lists of names of people otherwise in perfect English. There were a few practically inaccessible, to whom are musical numbers, then a fifteen-minmailed an envelope packet, which ute talk by one of the leaders, a boy usually contains a book of Scripture of sixteen. He read his Bible verse portions compiled from the Roman and then gave his talk without the Catholic Bible, "God's Way of Sal- least hesitation or embarrassment. vation, " and similar proved gospel The meeting closed with one unit messages. Each envelope is sealed to singing in beautiful harmony 'Abide give it the appearance of ordinary with Me.' These boys are from seven correspondence, stamped and sent in to ten years of age, taught entirely by prayer upon its mission. About 300,- their seventeen-year-old leader, who is 000 such packets have been sent out now also teaching in the orphanage in three years, and news of definite conversion to God has been received school. " by the workers. Ru.sian St.udents in Germany Scottish Women Ministers SOME of the difficulties under AN EVIDENCE of the rapidity which these students are laboring with which thought is changing are described as follows in Thl? Inin portions of the Christian Church tercollegwn: "The most usual inreferred to by The Christia.n Century, come-producing activities are work is to be seen in the proposal to admit in theatres, orchestras, choirs, teachwomen to the ministry in Scotland. ing typing, kitchen work and work on The presbytery of Edinburgh has re- railroads. Jobs as motor-car drivers solved to submit to the approaching are well-paid, but make study impos- General A.ssembly of the United Free sible. In the provinces the situation Church an overture regarding the or- is worse, as the market for odd jobs is dination of women. The overture much smaller. Most of the men live asks that the assembly initiate legis- on credit, which in the provinces lation "declaring the eligibility of seems to be still freely given to stuwomen for admission to colleges of dents. The need is so great that the church, regular theological stu- sometimes it becomes a tragic-comedy. dents who, on completion of their full Recently a big picture concern hired course of study, may be licensed to sixty Russian students to act as slaves preach and be ordained to the niinis- for a few marks a day. All the men tryon the same terms as men, or had to shave their heads completely. They all did it. This seems to be. a

fact of very little importance, but if Evangelical Christendom, "is a new one remembers that in Russia only departure in Spanish evangelization, criminals have been shaved, one real- for Dr. Aguirre is a type of preacher izes how appalling the need must be that has never filled the pulpits of when a student is ready to undergo the evangelical churches. It is said such a humiliating experience for a that oratory has had a great part in few marks." inspiring the ultramontanism of Spaniards. It can be used to nobler Christian Books for Albania purposes, and we pray that the Oapu- chin may be used by God to lead his THE Scripture Gift Mission re- countrymen to the light of the Gos- ceived recently at its headquarters pel. " in London a grateful acknowledgment from a Ohristian worker in Albania Traveling Y. W. c. A. in Lapland of 10,000 copies of a tract entitled " God Hath Spoken." He wrote: GIRLS in Sirma, Lapland, near the , ,We are able to distribute these as Finnish border, are reported to be we go to the villages to hold our enthusiastic students in what is evangelistic meetings, and in connec- known as the Y. W. C. A. "traveling tion with our regular missionary school. " To reach the girls of Sirma, service working out from this center the teacher of the winter school travhere. As you know, some seventy per eled sixty miles in an open sledge on eent of the population of Albania is a frozen river. Many of the girls had Mohammedan. We recently went to difficulty in reaching the points where the Mohammedan village of Pulah. the traveling school made temporary One of our teaehers and two boys stops. For the summer course two went with us. There was no carriage young girls traveled over one hunroad the last part of the way, and we dred miles in a rowboat. "I met one had to leave the carriage with the girl from a tiny fishing village who driver and walk. The two boys had been traveling over twenty-four helped me carry the folding organ. hours to reach her nearest church," Then we came to a bridgeless stream writes Froken Braathen, of the and had to construct a passage. World's Committee of the Y. W. O. Knowing that the village was particu- A. "Scores of little fishing villages larly fanatical, we prayed as we lie along this northern coast. Many walked along that our heavenly of them are very isolated. The poo- Father would open the way. On go- pIe are mainly Laplanders." The Y. ing to the center of the village we W. C. A. courses include handcraft, found a large crowd of men and boys. cooking, anatomy, nursing and first One stepped forward and in broken aid. English welcomed us." AFRICA Spanish Monk an Evangelist Roman Catholic Gains in Africa A WELL-KNOWN 0 a pUc h i n T HE Roman Oatholic society in preacher in Spain has come out Great Britain which sends out to from his monastery and joined the Africa the so-called "White Fathers" evangelical forces. He has preached reports the following progress in the in many of the cathedrals of his na- last six years: "Six new missions tive land and is an orator who was have been founded. In Sudan, the accustomed to draw large crowds to Apostolic Vicariate of Bamako and hear his eloquence. He has already Ouagadougou, and the Apostolic Preshown his sincerity by preaching in fecture of the Gold Ooast have taken many evangelical pulpits the Gospel the place of the former Vicariate of he has accepted, and it is hoped to use Sahara and Sudan. This shows what him as a. mission preacher in many has been the extension of the Apostoparts of Spain. "This, " comments late work in those countries. In the

1926J lS'EWS FROM MANY LANDS

region of the Great Lakes, the Apos- Bible in hand facing a big meeting of tolic Vicariates, Ruanda and Urundi, women, all staunch Moslems, and and the Apostolic Prefecture of Al- proclaiming to them the Way of the bert Lake also, give an idea of what Cross was an inspiration. . . . At has been the progress of the old mis- her funeral, which I conducted with sions that gave them birth. In 1920, the help of a fellow-missionary, I rethe total Catholic population of our minded the people of Rachmah's missions was as follows: 305,000 neo- faith in the Saviour whom she loved phytes and 120,000 catechumens. and served. We sang hymns in Ara- Just now we have a real great gain: bic, and the body was then carried 425,000 neophytes and 166,000 cate- away amid much weeping, the schoolchumens-a gain of more than 160,- girls crying, '0 my teacher, my 000. The number of missionaries has teacher.' It was a most touching also increased. Our Society has actu- scene. There was a large funeral ally 1,011 missionaries, 733 priests procession of Moors, but we told them and 278 lay Brothers." there was to be no mention of Mo- hammed's name, as Rachmah was a Suez Bookroom for Moslems believer in Jesus. She, as far as we know, was the first native in Mazagan DURING the season of the pilgrim- to be given a Christian funeraL" age to Mecca Rev. Herbert Mercer, of the, Egypt General Mission, Wonten's Rights in the Ca.meroon was in Suez helping the native pastor there. He writes of the new book H L. WEBER, M.D., Presbyterdepot: "Moslems use it as a reading- • ian missionary in Elat, West room, sitting very quietly reading Africa, writes in the Presbyterian the tracts and then asking questions. Magazine: "Some little time ago the We get some splendid openings in Ntum women banded themselves tothis way. One day a man asked, gether into a Woman's Rights So- 'Who is Jesus Christ?' and there was ciety. The men of the old school who a good opportunity for conversation, considered woman as a slave to be about five other Moslems listening. bought, sold, or gambled away, were Out with the colloquial Scriptures in forced to remove their hats and show the town, I am having some hot times. proper respect, or take a most dis- Every day I have met with fierce op- graceful beating for noncompliance position, and have been forced to de- at the h~nds of this organization. part from my usual rule a number This brought a much needed change of times and talk straig-ht to men of attitude into the men's corner. who sought to hinder. Praise God. Quite a contrast from the 'good old though, the books are selling, and days' when if a woman dared to run these very men unwittingly have away from her impossible environcaused others to buy right on the ment into which she had been sold in spot. Thus the devil oversteps him- infancy she was hunted with guns by the men, and when found and still self. " persistent was shot to death. As late as twenty years ago we witnessed A Christia.n Funeral in Morocco such a hunt for a run-away woman. . . . The regions beyond are still T HE death in Mazagan, Morocco, steeped in all the horrid charm of of a native Bible woman, Rach- fetishism. To the untamed, fetishmah, who twenty-one years ago left medicines are everything. The Mohammed for Christ, was the occa- stronger men are bandeg together sion of the following tribute from a into a secret society called the Ngi. Scotch missionary who had known They carry forward the worst of her well: "She loved Christ her Sa- heathenism, superstitious custom and viour, and would, I honestly believe, cruelty. They determine the cause have laid down her life for Him, if the call had come. To see her with

of death. IJife is of no account. Commissioner, a representative of the Death lurks in their wake." traders, and the Rev. J. H. Haile, of Tiger Kloof, made speeches welcom- Village Burns Its Idols ing the new regent, who replied briefly and said that he felt the dif- REV. w. J. PAYN.E, c. M. S. mis- ficulty of following in Khama's foot- sionary in Benin City, Nigeria, steps as everyone recommended, and reports that three new out-stations that he should always consult his have been opened during the past father's advisers. The speech made year. One of these, Ewonika, is re- a good impression by its simplicity, markable for the rapid growth of the directness and its lack of extravagant work. Mr. Payne writes: "In April, promises. It was noticed that Tse- 1925, there was not a single Christian kedi, in manner and presence, bore a in the village. A special evangelistic striking resemblance to Khama." effort throughout the district was made during Passion Week, and some King Pleads for a Missionary Christians from Benin City went to Ewonika, a village about sixteen miles AMEMORABL'E scene at the anaway. The people had just been cel- nual conference of the American ebrating the annual festival of the Presbyterian Congo Mission is devillage idol; but they listened to the scribed in The Bible in the World. Gospel and asked th~ Christians to Two years before the new king of the stay with tliem a few days, and then Bakuba tribe, which had formerly to return to teach them on Sundays. been very hostile to missionary effort, After a few weeks practically the had publicly invited the mission to whole village decided to become begin work in his capital. He was Christian, and they had a public then assured that as soon as a misburning of idols. Just after this a sionary could be spared, one would tree fell across the pathway leading be placed in his capital. In the to the place where the village idol had meantime, an African evangelist was stood, and this was taken by the peo- settled there and a school opened. ple as a sign of approval from God Two years had gone by, and no misthat the idol had been destroyed. sionary had been available. Hearing They are now building a church and that the missionaries were assembled teacher's house. and twenty-five chil- in their annual conference, the king dren are attending schooL" determined to appeal to them in per- son. Now a helpless paralytic, but King Khama.'s Son as Regent with his mind still keen and alert, he was carried 150 miles by his faithful T HE death of the king of the men, to the schoolhouse where the Bamangwato tribe, a son of the conference was assembled. Lying in great Christian king, Khama, was an- his hammock, with these men around nounced in the April REVIEW, and it him, he said to the members of the was then stated that during the mi- conference: nority of his son his twenty-year-old brother would act as regent. Word For weary months you have put me off, .has now come of the installation of saying tomorrow, tomorrow and tomorrow, the latter, Tsekedi by name. "Tse- until my heart is sick. Now I have come kedi was at first unwilling to break myself before you to demand that a misoff his studies at Fort Hare, but in sionary be placed in my capital. I will no answer to the call of duty he set aside longer be contented with an evangelist, I his own tastes and inclinations to want a missionary. Do not send me away take up the heavy responsibility of with grief and shame, a laughing stock to office, transferred his church member- my own people, and to my enemies. Give ship from Fort Hare to Serowe, and me a missionary now. presented himself for the installation ceremony. In the presence of a large He went away joyfully with the audience, the headman, the Resident promise that a worker would be taken from another station and sent to his capital. '

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Pentecost in South Africa age is 60,000, of whom less than 15,- 000 are under instruction in Moslem, WHAT has been called by Rev. Roman Catholic, Jewish and Protes- Donald Fraser, D.D., of the tant schools. Aleppo High School is United Free Church of Scotland, the only Protestant higher school for "the most notable missionary awak- boys.-Record of Christw!ll, Work. ening in modern times" has been that of the Dutch Reformed Church Conference for Girls in Syria of South Africa. "Forty years ago," he says, "they gave £1,700 to mis- T HE first gathering of this ki~d sions. Today they give over £80,000. ever held brought together III One country congregation gave £700 Beirut in the spring forty-five girls, at a collection during a communi9n Armenians, Turks, Kurds and Syrseason. The Church has scores of ians. There were Moslem and Druze missions in South Africa, Central as well as Christian girls, though it Africa, and the Soudan. The secret had been emphasized in the announceof their revived interest in the King- ments that it was to be a Christian dom is to be found in the Pentecostal conference. One of the American season. Every year this is their workers writes: "There was a theme great church festival. All over South for each of the three days, 'Looking Africa the churches gather for a week In,' 'Looking Up,' and on Friday, the of prayer, and talk about. the Holy last day, 'Looking Out.' The eve- Spirit at Whitsuntide (Pentecost). nings were given over to the most in- That is the season when young people teresting speakers we could secure are won for Christ, when the mis- and the talks were evangelistic folsionary claims of the Church become lowed by group meetings. . . . The most insistent_ and there is the girls were interested, earnest, far source of the awakening evangelical more amenable to rules and arrangespirit of tIll> Church." ment than girls at conferences I have attended in America. And when they THE NEAR EAST were given an opportunity to express themselves, the emphatic statements Old School with New Name as to the value of such a gathering were most gratifying. They just took SEVEN years after the war Central for granted that we would have an- Turkey College (Aintab) still other conference for girls next year. finds itself in an anomalous position. And indeed, a permanent organiza- Its name is "Central Turkey." Its tion has been formed for the purbuildings and hospital are in Turkey. pose. " But the Treaty of Lausanne has run a new boundary east and west Biblical Hebrew in the Holy Land through the middle of the field, separating Syria from Turkey. and the I N A LETTER from Mt. Carmel, Christian constituency of the college Rev. S. B. Rohold, of the British has been forced south of this line into Jews' Society, says: "The use of the Syria. Here the college is building Hebrew of the Old Testament in all up again. under the name of the the .Jewish schools in the Holy Land, Aleppo High School. Staff, 12; stu- the immediate adoption of it as one dents, 132; grade, secondary, with of the official languages when the five forms. preparing" for college.; mandate was given to Great Britain budget 1926-7, over $7,000, for which and its spread over all the land is gifts are invited. Eight racial and most impressive. The older jargons religious groups are represented. are rapidly giving way before it. The Aleppo has a population of 300,000, common speech .in the Jewish quarters two thirds Moslems, chiefly Arab, the of the city and in the colonies, the rest Christian, Syrian, Armenian. widely circulated press, the business and Jews. The population of school transactions, the shop notices, the pub-

lie signs, the conduct of the Law of the work done there. Basrah tells Courts and general administration us that the boys' school has many and the fact that Englishmen and more applicants than it can receive. Arabs also are learning it, cannot be Most gratifying of all, Amarah speaks ignored. " of definite inquirers who are attracted by the message itself. Surely we Robert College and the Turk have grounds for hoping that the per- sistent witnessing of many years is PRESIDENT GATES, of Robert destined to bear fruit in the near fu- Collel?e, has expressed as follows ture. " his confidence in the value of educational missions in Turkey: "The Baptisms in Persian School members of the Government of the Turkish Republic have repeatedly AREPORT from Mrs. A. C. Joyce, taken pains to express their anpreci- of Teheran, East Persia, contains ation of the work which our college is this encouraging news: "We re.ioice doing. The Secretary of Commerce over several school girls and three has sent twenty-five students to be boys who have recently confessed trained in our engineering school. their faith in Jesus Christ by joining We have in Robert College the sons of the church. One of these boys is a many prominent Turkish officials. sturdy personality, son and grandson There is a strong and widesnread of two of Persia's most famous banopinion that the training given in the dits. He himself had expected to fol- American schools is very valuable for low in their steps, but on seeing them the Turkish youth. The Turks Ret a hanged by the Government some high value upon the moral training years ago he decided it would be given in our schools. They know that better to follow some other profession they need men of unright character and his determination to get an eduand unselfish aims. The Turkish stu- cation finally brought him to our dents in Robert College are giving a school in this city. Now we hone that very' good account of themselves. They his snlendid energies will be devoted are active in the student association, to bringing men into the kingdom of and they show a desire to maintain the God. Christian work in the school is traditions of the college, such as prospering; groups of earnest Chrisbrotherly relations between students tian Armenians. Hebrews. and Pel:'- of different nationalities, truthful- sians are working to bring their ness, honesty, and upright character. schoolmates to Christ. We have a The questions of international rela- larger number of people under intions and principles are discussed Rtruction for baptism than ever bewith the utmost candor and sincer- fore." ity. " INDIA The Outlook in Arabia Missionaries Still Needed THE Arabian Mission of the Re- formed Church in America re- W HEN Bishop Azariah was reports "something of progress in each cently asked the question, district. Muscat announces that the "When the work now under the fordoor into the interior is open. Bah- eign missionary societies is obviously rain reports many outward signs of and permanently related to the changes which are destined to in- Church in India. what will still be refluence the life and thought of the ouired from the Church of the community in course of time and un- West? " his answer was as follows: dermine the wall of prejudice with "This does not mean that these :fields which the Arab surrounds himself. will not require men and money any Kuwait presents strong evidences of longer. The Indian Church will still genuine friendship and appreciation require all the sympathy and help that the older churches of the West

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

can give it for a long time to come. Azariah, Indian bishop in the An- Even if the Indian Church in, some glican Church, preached on the first of the districts should become en- Sunday." tirely self-supporting tomorrow, yet for the training of the workers and "We Cannot Make Them Stumble" ()f the clergy, for' manning the educational institutions for its youth, for I N F ARIQPUR, Bengal, where the conducting its colleges and hostels for English Baptists have a school for non-Christians, and for developing in boys, "there was trouble recently," its workers a strong spiritual life and writes one of the teachers, "with two a spirit of self-sacrificing service, it Mohammedan converts, because our will need for some long time to come boys ate pork. Their Mohammedan the best men that the Church and the prejudices were too much for these universities of the West can produce. new Christians. It is a long story, Financial support also will still be re- bnt the end of it was that, on tbeir quired for the training of the clergy own initiative, our boys' council and other leaders of the Church, un- banned pork, and all other delicacies til Indian Christians themselves can to which Mohammedans object, from equip and endow their theological their meager dietary, saying: 'We colleges. " are responsible for these new con- verts, and we cannot make them India's Largest Church stumble because of what we eat, even though we have a right to eat it.' "

REV. CHARLES W. POSNETT is Tribute to Devoted Worker a missionary of the Wesleyan Missionary Society in the Nizam's Do- I NDIAN Christians in Tanjore, South India, among whom he had minions, with headquarters at Medak. labored for forty-eight years, have Of him the Dnyanodaya says: " After sent to London a tablet in memory of many years of loving toil he has had Rev. Wm. H. Blake, which has been the privilege of seeing completed his placed in the chapel of the Society for magnificent temple of Christian wor- the Propagation of the Gospel in ship which has cost, they say, about Church House, Westminster, Bishop ten lakhs of rupees and will seat Montgomery, in dedicating it, said: about five thousand people. There is "William Herbert Blake, of Camnothing like it in all India, and, in- bddge, a scholar, was sent to India in deed, it is one of the biggest and most 1875 and straightway adopted India splendid churches in Christendom; as his own land and its people as his and, says one who knows, 'it is not life-long friends. He laid out his life an extravagance, or a mere provision on quite clear-cut lines. He would for the future. It is wanted, and accept nothing which would take him wanted now. ' This great edifice, away even for a day from his flock. which is a symbol and sign of the Therefore he refused a Canonry. triumph of Christianity in the very Once only did he leave his Mission, heart of India, is 'wanted no"!"' to when ordered to England for a few help give the Gospel in a mission months by medical authority. The hills had no attraction for himwhich runs like a thread of light what others called holy days for through the dark territory of the change made no appeal to him. Never Nizam's Dominions. And when In- could it be said more truly of any dian Christianity enters upon its servant of God that he pursued the even tenor of his way. You will not Pentecost throughout the land, there be surprised that this carried him will be a series of Christian temples straight into the hearts of his beloved such as no land can show. At Medak flock. Nowhere so much as in India there were several days. given to the is stillness in life appreciated. Here opening ceremonies. There were from was their ideaL" three to four thousand present, and there WitS great rejoicing. Bishop

"Jesus Ohrist'. Hospital" The Maharani Regent of Travancore, south India, has issued a general com- MR.. ERNEST NEVE, a well-known mand that no animal sacrifice shall be medical missionary of the Church conducted at government temples in Missionary Society, writes hopefully the whole of her state. Her Highness, of prospects in Kashmir and Jammu, in the beginning, introduced this on the Indian 'Frontier. Hitherto measure as an experiment in certain there has been no religious freedom in temples of the state, and, finding that the State, and very strong influence it found popular support, has issued bas been brought to bear to reclaim the present general command, apany convert from Hinduism. The plicable to all the temples. The Begum new Maharaja, however, has shown of Bhopal, central India, has instihimself friendly to the medical mis- tuted prohibition there, and it is said sion, being grateful for personal serv- that she speaks of great changes for ice received; and it is possible that the better resulting from the law, for gradually there will be greater toler- which her women subjects are espeance throughout the country. The cially grateful. The loss in revenue relative of a leading moulvi was ill, she regards as "a small thing comand had been under the treatment of pared with my people's greater hapvarious hakims (doctors). The Mos- piness and welfare." lem priest advised the patient's friend to take him to " Jesus Christ's Hos- A Javanese Ohristian Village pital," where he was speedily cured. T HE oldest Protestant mission at Helping Mill Workers work in Java is the N etherlandsch Zend'3ling Genoor/;schap (Netherlands I N NAIGAON, near Bombay, inten- Mis~ionary Society). This society is sive social welfare work for mill more than a hundred years old, and laborers and their families is being has been at work in Java for about undertaken by the Bombay Y. M. seventy years. Practically all of its C. A. Housing has been provided for work is in small villages far from the Hi,OOO, with recreational, medical and larger centers of population. The educational facilities. W. E. D. oldest station is Modjowarno in the Ward, Association secretary at Bom- Residency of Surabaya. This village bay, writes: "At the night school at. was established by a small group of Naigaon, there is an enrollment of Christians, and is governed by them. over 100 men, boys, and a few girls, Others may live there, but gambling studying English, Marathi, and Urdu. Reading and writing are the primary and similar vices are prohibited. subjects, as most of the pupils have Modjowarno has become a model for hardly been to school at all. Play other villages. Yet another kind of under adequate supervision, engaging Christian village is to be found in in an evening from 150 to 250 men this mission. At Pareeredjo the misand boys in this concentrated area, sion owns the land which is rented has been a very happy way of win- out to Christian natives. The difning the confidence of these naturally ficulty here is that the missionary is suspicious folk, and has given them a also the landlord, an undesirable armuch-needed relief from the monot- rangement. !Jowever, since practiony of their mill life. It has broken cally all of the Christians of this misdown many barriers of caste, creed, sion live in small villages which are and class, and has brought them wholly or largely Christian, they are under an acceptable discipline which not beset by the temptations which many of them sorely need." hamper those in the cities. The mis- sion now has more than 15,000 Jav- Progressive Indian Queens anese Christians.

TWO significant reports have re- cently come from India of reforms instituted by Indian women rulers.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

CHINA farm, and broug~t his Bible with Crea.tors of Public Opinion him. He went into a shop to make CHINA has a good telegraph sys- some purchases, and asked the shop- tem which reaches every impor- keeper if he knew anyone who could tant city in China. Newspapers are explain "this Book" to him-producmultiplying rapidly. They have ing the Bible. The shopkeeper was grown in number from ten or less one of the churchwardens of the little fifteen years ago to more than one church there, so he took him to the thousand dailies and several hundred Mission Hall, and introduced him to magazines today, filled with ite~s and the evangelist. who was only too glad comments on international affaIrs. to explain the Bible to him. Mr. Feng came again and again, and Mr. More important, however, than the Huang, the evangelist, went out to newspapers are the student lecturers. his farm; and now this Mr. Feng is In every large city and; in many of a Christian, and all the idols are the important market towns boys and gone. girls from high schools and colleges are speaking on the streets, several Personal CODta.ct with SitudeDts times each month. Whenever any- SHANTUNG Christian Univers~ty, thing important hanpens, these v~l­ in Tsinanfu, is an outstandm~ unteer lecturers get busy and explam union enterprise. Mrs. ~arold. F. the whole affair. They are the crea- Smith writes of the blessmg WhICh tors of public opinion, and because a Christian home is bringing to some they reach many more millions than of the students: " We are asking can possibly be reached by the news- several students each Sunday noon papers they are undoubtedly the to dine with us. and enjoy this simple most bnportant group in China to- means of meeting them very much. day. The newspapers and lecturers Yesterday we had boys from Canton are fertilizing the minds of the peo- and Shanghai and they were a deple with dynamic words and ideas. light in every way. This is their first Think of what it means that tens of term here, and they are all hoping to millions of Chinese in the past two years have actually come to under- bring back a number of their frien?s stand and to feel in their hearts such in the autumn. Due to the utter dISwords as "reform," "freedom," "de- organization of the railways of China, mocracy," "rig-hts of women," "no few if any can return home for the New Year's holidays. Sunday eve- . scuhpiledriloaribtyo,,r"" "i"mseplfe-rdieasltirsumct,I"O"nr.a"ci-al nings, we invite any of the girl stu- dents who care to come, to bring their World Neighbors. hymn books and sing with us their Diocarded Bible Wh… Souls favorite hvmns. These Il'irls come from all China-for examnle, a !;Tout) WRITING from western China, a of seven Il'irls will come from six dif- C. M. S. missionary, quoted in ferent provinces. They are such the London Christian, states that not sweet. gentle girls, but full of ambilong- ago a man who had bought a tion and nerseverance, which they Bible. and who had not given himself mnst have to keep up with the men wholly to God but had gone back to students. " his old life, felt that he had no fur- ther use for the Bible, and so gave it Astriculture and Religion to a farmer who could read. This ~~BY THE improvement of seeds, man, named Feng-, took it home, and the combating of plant dis- read it both to himself and to his eflses and pests and the introduction family. The more he read, the more of better methods and machinerY, he became interested, but. of course, the friends 01' China," writes W. R. he did not really understand. Oue Warren in World CaU, "are bringday he came into the city near to his ing her more than increas·ed prosper-

ity. To double the yield of corn and Among the Moslems of Kansu cotton, wheat and silk is a service in itself that deserves all praise, but the AT THE annual meeting of the processes by which it is done free the 1': China Inland Mission, held in minds of the people from many of their old superstitions and fears and London, Miss Grace Eltham spoke of prepare them for learning moral and the great northwestern province of spiritual lessons. To find, for in- Kansu, which is bigger than the stance, that smut in their grain fields British Isles and has a population of is not sown from the air by the wan- 10,000,000 people of varied nationdering spirits of persons who have alities: Tibetans, Mongols, Moslems, Manchus, Aborigines, and Chinese. died childless, is to enter into an en- The Tibetans have been hostile for tirely new world. . . . All through many years, but now friendly relathe rural districts-and China is dis. tions have been established. Today tinctly an agricultural country- Tibetans and Mongols are coming to there are ea,rth god shrines, little the Lord Jesus and are taking gospel temples four to six feet square and tracts into their countries. Work is ,six or eight feet high, built of brick also going on among the Moslems. Four years ago a very high official or stone or earth and roofed with brought his six Moslem daughters to tiles. Through the opening on one be trained in the mission schooL They had never previously had the Bible side can be seen two images, the earth in their hands, but tbey accepted god and his ·wife. These the farmers Christ and today are living as Chris.- worship with prostrations and burnt tians. A hospital has been opened for offerings, to ward off drought and Moslems. flood and destructive insects."

THE "Nurses All Christians" GENERAL Nurses' Association of China claims the above slogan for its in- The Y. M. c. A. Congress in Finland itials N. A. C., says Miss Elizabeth AN INTERNATIONAL Congress of Pollock, who goes on: "I think I am f t the Y. M. C. A. was opened in right in saying that the Nurses' Association of China is the only nursing Helsingfors, Finland, on August 1st. association in the world that is a There were about fifteen hundred wholly Christian institution. An delegates, including two hundred and interesting feature of the program fifty from America, one hundred and was a discussion regarding the N. A. fifteen from Great Britain, thr~e C. pins. These pins bear the ideo- hundred from Germany, three hungraph for the word meaning 'service' dred and forty from Scandinavia and one of the highest words in the Chris- one hundred Orientals. Some of the delegates came by airplane, and one tian vocabulary—one of the lowliest of them, Dr. K. T. Paul, the secrewords in Cldna. which stands for the tary of the Y. M. C. A. in India, met lowest servi.ce in the realm, manual with a slight mishap on the way. Among the delegates were two hunlabor, drudgery, coolie's work. Its dred and fifty boys under eighteen great meaning as taught by the One years of age, sixty of them from who said, 'I am am()ng you as he America, some having worked their that serveth,' has not come to China passage as deckhands. For discussion ;vet. A great many of the nurses ob- the delegates were divided into fifty iected to 1his character for the pin. groups, each containing Anglo- Saxons, Scandinavians, and Orientals. They wanied it replaced by the more Following the resignation of the honorable word. 'love.' There waR a President of the Congress, Dr. Paul Q'reat deal of discussion. But finally des Gouttes, Dr. John R. Mott was it was del'ided to keep the old word. elected President. and to show to China how love could ~lorify sernce."

!!!!5 D&TIm MKSSJIONARY IJBRARY ~

~ 'ii'UJ'" ibbti moo uvu' iririi '0iAi 'au D'

Any books mentioned in these columns will be <forwarded by us on receipt of price.- THE REVIEW.

Mary Dobson: Musician, Writer, Mission- interest in extending 'the sway of Christ over the hearts and lives of ary. Una M. Saunders. Foreword by men are not truly and intelligently J. Rendel Harris. 191 pp. Sixteen Christian. Dr. McFayden, who was illustrations from photographs. London and New York. 1926.

:iHary Dobson, the eldest daughter formerly principal of Hislop College, of Austin Dobson, the poet, was Nagpur, India, and is now professor a woman of great culture and refine- in Queens College, Kingston, Canada, ment. As warden of the Woman's discusses in simple terms the place University Settlement in Bombay she and ideals of missionary work in the gave twenty-three years of beautiful Christian Church. The book is well service to the students of Western adapted for use as a text-book and is India wh~re her name is fragrant. a brief, but valuable, contribution to The title of the book styles her "Mu- the subject.

sician, Writer, Missionary." but the Dr. McFayden deals with the mis- study of her life makes it plain that sionary impulse in life, religion and in her own estimation she was a mis- history. It is a normal, healthful sionary first and always. While she impulse to share our best with others.

was a talented musician who com- The missionary idea in the gospels posed a large number of charming is clear and positive in .Jesus' teach- songs, and a writer of some promi- ings. In the apostolic church and nence with a number of volumes of in later. history, the missionary idea poetry and prose to her credit, music is an essential part and has been re- and writing were avocations indulged sponsible for the growth of the in without sacrificing her missionary Church.

duties. Many objections made to the mis- Mary Dobson was a present day sionary enterprise are frankly and fairly eonsidered-objections due to missionary-she died in 1923-but ignorance, indifference, selfishness, a she was nevertheless a missionary of lack of discrimination and a false the old school, keeping Sunday as a sense of the value of Christianity. day of rest and worship and her Finally, the author takes up the mispleasure in the deeper things of God. sionary aim and motive,. the handi- She was, however, not a recluse and caps and hindrances, the power and was much sought after in social circles results of Christian missions. both in India and England. But she was a loyal and devoted Christian, There are very few dates and figwho lived close to God even in the ures in the book, but there is a wealth midst of adverse conditions. To mis- of facts from life in non-Christian sionaries on the field and workers at lands, from Biblical history and from home who still believe that Christians missionary experience. We know of should practice the old-time doctrine no better compact statement of the of entire consecration to God, the book missionary idea and ideal. will prove very stimulating and help- ful. B. M. B. Grace H. Dodge. By Abbie Graham. 329 pp. $2.00'. New York. 1926. The Missionary Idea in Life and Religion. J. F. McFayden. 12mo. 178 pp. $1.50. The Dodge family has been one of New York. 1926. Ohristian philanthropists, the parents Christianity is essentially a mis- having the enviable and important sionary religion. Those who have no secret of knowing how to train their 733

children to take a vital interest in William Carey. ;T. H. Morrison. 8vo. 218 pp. London. 1926. Christian work and to be good The romance of this pioneer British stewards of their inheritance. Protestant missionary to India has been the theme of many volumes. Grace Dodge, "Merchant or Here it is told in a brief, popular narrative in the "Master Missionary Dreams," was the granddaughter of Series" edited by W. P. Livingstone. William Carey, the cobbler, the plodthe original William E. Dodge. 'She ding student, the scholar, the preach- er, the pioneer missionary. the transwas born in 1856, inherited business lator, the educator, the founder of a college, the "Grand Old Man of sagacity and was trained to use it India, " lived a life and accomplished a work that continually inspire to III Christian service. She became a worthwhile deeds. The story is told in a simple, direct way to carry its power in the Young Women's Chris- message.

tian Association work and was presi- dent of its National Board. She was a prime promoter of Teach- ers College, Columbia, the founder of the Working Girls' Societies and a practical force in amndanryeliingdiouusstrieanl~ social, educational terprises that have become per- manent and uplifting institutions. l'aul Kanamori's Life Story. By Himself. Miss Dodge was a woman worth 12mo. 111 pp. 28 6d net. Glasgow. 1926.

knowing and her life storv is worth This is a British edition of the reading, revealing her as a' woman of story of how the so-called "Moody of Japan" was converted fifty years ago, ugnreuastuaenl earbgilyitayn, dofrenmobalrekcahbalerascutcecr~sos.f drifted into skepticism, was brought Paraguay, the Inland Republic. Clement back to Christ and the Christian Manly Morton. Map and Illnstrations. ministry and has been widely used in 12mo. 177 pp. $1.25. Cincinnati Ohio. his testimony for Christ. It is a nar- 1926. ' rative stimulating to faith and mis- To the United Christian Missionary sionary zeal.

Society has been assigned the evan- Grains of Rice fI10m It Chinese lIowl. Ida gelization of Paraguay. It has long Belle Lewis. Illustrated. 12mo. 12,3 pp. been neglected by evangelical churches $1.25. New York. 1926. and only a few scattered and independent missionaries, inadequately These "grains of rice" are well supported, have been presenting the cooked and seasoned for American Gospel there. Paraguay is a back- taste, are wholesome and suited to ward. republic, impoverished by war, young and old. Each kernel is a handicapped by ignorance and short story relating to mission work blighted by sin. Mr. Morton tells in for girls. They have a Chinese taste a vivid way, the story of his three and give a true idea of opportunities happy, busy years in the "Inland and difficulties, rewards of mission Republic." He learned to know and working and the changes that have come over Chinese life and customs. love the people and endeavors in The chapters are especially suitable for reading in mission circles and this volume, to help others to know young people's organizations. Miss Lewis is also the author of "Educaand love them. He criticises the Roman Catholic system severely for its neglect, weakness and failnre while tion of Girls in China." he loves and admires many m'embers of that church for their fine Chris- A China Shepherdess. Ma.rgaret Apple- garth. Illus. 18vo. 323 pp. Philadeltian character and devotion to Christ. phia. 1924. The twelve chapters are packed Twenty-two fascinating stories of full of information and make this China, graphically told, and twentyvolume the best missionary book on two pen and ink drawings by the this subject. author showing things Chinese make good sense. He 'shows how simple a up this volume for those who would matter it would be for most of us to learn more about the country, customs maintain health by simple eating, and people and who would teach sleeping, deep breathing and good exothers – especially children – about ercise. He gives facts to show how dethem. Regardless of your age, inter- termined most people are to sacrifice ests, race, or "previous condition of health. He believes that health educaservitude, " you cannot fail to find tion would solve many difficulties, these stories delightful and in- but that moral and spiritual training terpretive. are even more important. The Bible is a good medical guide and Christ is A Joy Ride Through China for the N.A.C. still the Great Physician for both body Com E. Simpson, R.N. 'Map and Illustra- and soul. Parents and teachers will tions. 12mo. 249 pp. $1.50 net. $3.00 find this book especially useful. Mex. Shanghai. 1925. The Repair Shop for Human Lives. John The unique feature about this book W. MacDonald. 12mo. 45 pp. New York. is that it is written by a registered 1926. nurse about nurses and their work in China. Miss Simpson tells of the True stories of lives transformed birth of the Nurses Association of by the power of Christ never grow old China ( of w4ich she is secretary) and or out-or-date. "Down in Water of its subsequent history. She visited Street, " "The Drydock of a. Thoumany provinces, met many interest- sand Wrecks," "Twice-born Men" ing Chinese and foreigners, had un· and "The Repair Shop for Human usual experiences in famine, flood Lives" are all stimulating narratives. and plague during her journeyings Mr. MacDonald, who has recorded The facts and many of the incident!' these latest stories of redeemed lives, are interesting, but the book would is the devoted missionary of Yale have been greatly improved by con- Hope Mission, at New Haven, Condensation and careful editing. necticut. This Mission was founded by the late William Borden and other God's Picked Young Men. Henry K. Yale students and here, year by year, Pasma. 12mo. 96 pp. 75 cents. Chicago, students come into personal touch 1925. with the "down and outs" and seek to lead them to Christ and to userul The inspired and immortal char- manhood. The result is blessing acter of the Bible is shown in its un- both to students and to fellowfailing supply of fresh, practical and humans. Professor William Lyon vital truth. These sixteen studies Phelps of Yale expresses his appreciaof Bible characters are inspiring and tion of the work in a foreword and up-to-date, but they are founded on Mr. MacDonald describes, briefly, the faith in the authenticity and the au- best type of rescue work and tells the thority of the Book. In the study of stories of eleven conversions vividly Abel, we are reminded of Alexander and inspiringly. The work is not the Great and of Jack Dempsey, the merely rescue but regeneration and pugilist, and Gideon is compared with reconstruction. George Washington. Each character stands out for some special excellence, A. Gold Dollar. Joseph M. Duff. 12mo, 138 but Jesus only is "the perfect young pp. $1.25. New York. 1926, man. " The studies are excellent for Bible classes. Not a book on finance or steward- ship, but a clergyman's sketches from Practical Health Talks. H. E. Gehman. nature and life. They reveal God and 8vo. 75pp. $1.00. Boston. 1926. character. The "Gold Dollar" was one that belonged to an elderly lady This true Christian science of and passed on to the writer. The rehealth is written not by a llhysician, but by a layman of experIence and mmlsceses – of f r i end s, family, tion of God's forgiveness since "In churches, vacation days, war, funer- baptism, the penitent believer comes als, graves and nature-vary greatly into His death." The studies are m uniqueness, but they have human clear and worthy of very thoughtful interest. consideration by those who do and those who do not agree with every Chats with Children. Amy Le Feuvre. detail of the author's exposition. 12mo. 108 pp. 28 6d. Glasgow. 1926. Treading the Winepress. Ralph Connor The author of "Probable Sons," (Charles W. Gordon). 12mo. 394 pp. "Teddy's Button" and other chil- $2.00. New York. 1925. dren's stories includes in this volume a dozen Bible talks, well told and Another story by Ralph Connor is practical. Parents and teachers will always welcome. It is sure to be a find them useful. vivid narrative, full of action, with clean, strong heroes, and a villain or' The English-Speaking Peoples: Will They two added; some exciting fights" Fail in Their Mission to the World ~ balanced by some serious talk and one- Wilbur P. Thirkield. 16mo. 58 pp. 50 or two characters transformed bv a, cents. New York. 1926. new vision of God and a wholesome- human love story to stir the pulse. This address, delivered in Buffalo, Such is this new novel about life in discusses briefly the mission of eastern Canada during the war and English-spea:king peoples to the world post-war days. Dr. Gordon has a -namely to present high and prac- masterly pen in describing scenes of tical Christian idealism. action and his stories are marked by a high moral tone and definite purpose. Funds and Friends. Tolman Lee. 12mo. This one will hold the attention of 138 pp. New York. 1925. young readers.

These practical suggestions on, rais- F. S. Arnot. African Missionary Explorer. ing money for social work are born of James J. Ellis. 16mo. 62 pp. Is net. experience. Many will find the ideas Glasgow. 1926. helpful and may learn here to make an agreeable service what has been con- The story of Mr. Arnot, pioneer of sidered an unpleasant task. Money the Garenganzer Mission in Central raising so as to win friends for a Africa, is full of adventure and of work is an art that requires study heroism. He was a friend of King' and experience. Here one may learn Khama and King Lewanika. He went from the experience of others. out to Africa in 1881 and died in the' Zambesi country in May 1914. This Studies in the Forgiveness of Sins. Jesse is a stirring story of what God did R. Kellems. 224 pp. $2.00. New York. through one missionary in tropical 1926. Africa in spite of ignorance, disease, slavery, witchcraft, warfare and other' These are biHical studies of a divinely revealed truth-not theoret- evils. ical discussions of a philosophical conception. Dr. Kellems is a scholarly Through an Indian Counting Glass. writer and a minister of the Disciples of Christ who has conducted success- Elizabeth Wilson. 16mo. 116 pp. $1.00._ ful evangelistic campaigns in America, New York. 1926. Britain and Australia. He considers sin as individual and social trans- These are bright, sketchy observagression of God '8 laws and forgiveness to be based on God's love, on the tions of a Y.W.C.A. worker in India. sacrifice of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. and on personal and living faith Miss Wilson tells of her adventures. in Him. "There is no forgiveness apart from Jesus." The author con- in Serampore in the School of Insiders baptism in the name of Christ as an essential part of the appropria- dustry where characters also are made and Indian women attain self-support.

It is a worth-while work told in a.

worth-while way. . '

1 Reviewers hail this as the best recent

on Arabia The Arab at Home By PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D.

"Tells us more about the home life, the social organization, the political status, the intellectual deyelopment. and the religious character of Arabia. than has ever – s before been put between the covers of any English book except 'c'>.xabia Deserta.' " e,l' York SUIl. "This is the finest book on Arah life and character that has appeared since 'Arabia Deserta' of forty years ago."-Sat. Rcz·ie'W of Literaturc.

"Dr. Harrison manages to convey to the reader a keener sense of intimacy 'ith the Arab than does any other author I know."-.Vc'W J'ork Herald a1ld Tribu1le.

Illustrated, $3.50. By mail, $3.65.

THOMAS Y. CROWELL COMPANY 393 Fourth Avenue, New York BOOK REVIEWS From Japan to Jerusalem. (1u;stjne 1. T;nl;ng, 144 Pl'. $1.2.). Fleming H. (Colldudcd froln IJage (j,ji'.J Revell. Xew York. 1926.

Insulinde – a Survey Of the Dutch East Gethsemane in OUT Lives. B. A. :1. Indies. 8ehapiro. 153 pp. 4 ~(·Jlt8. Hebrew A Bird's-Eye View of Latin AmeI·iea. Education in the Native Church. Roland (,hdstian Publieatieu Soe;etY. );ew York.

Allen. 1926. .

Indigenous Ideals in PI·actiee. Or) ca(-h. Grains of Rice from a Chinese Bowl. Ida ,,"orl(l nOln;n;on Press. London. ] g26. Belle Lew;a. 123 pp. $1.2.3. Plem;ng H. Revell. New YOl'k. 1926.

'rhe character of these interesting A History of Southern Methodist Missions. James ('annon III. 356 ,pp. $1,50. and informing palllphlet.~, prepared Cokesbur:~ Press. XasIn-Hle, Tenn. 19~n.

under the snpen'isioll of Dr. 'l'homas The Land of the Vanished Church: A Survey of North Africa. World Do- Coehrane of I,ondon, is renaled in minion Rlll"'ry Reri(>s. 2s. ,Yorld Do- minion Pn·ss: Lonloll. 19~6. their titles. The first two haw maps Our Parish in India. Tsa bel Brown Rose. ~nd statistics, brief rpyiews of the 191 Pl'. $1.;30. Flem;llg II. Renn. Xcw York. ]926. situation from a Christian "i(''point A Short Introduction to the Gospels. ~nd articles by missionaries. Ernest D. Burton anrl Hm'old R Wdl· oughby. ].'56 PI'. $1.,.). l'n;Yersity of The second two, frolll the series 011 Cldcago Press. Ch;cago.

1he "Indigenons Church," dcal with They Who Weave Gold. Silver and Precious Stones. (Dramatizat;ons show;ng ;mportproblems ill DIe natin' e}l1ll'che,~ ill ance of reHg;ous education of children). ~Iartha Race. 43 Pl'. 2.) cents. Pilgrim North China and India. They are Press. Boston. 1926.

worthy of study. • NEW BOOKS Grace H. Dodge. B;ograph:·. Abbie fhnham. 3:;9 pp. $2.00, Yoman '8 Press. );ew York. 1926.

Funds and Friends. Seeend Pdnting. Horne Missions Council Annual Report, Tolman Lee. 138 pp. *1..30. Woman 'H 1926. Home )Ess;ons Couned. 156 l"ifth Press. );ew York. 1923. Avemw, Xew York.

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You Want to Know About Mohammedans?

Read These Coming Articles by Those Who Know They will appear in the October number and subsequent issues of THE MISSIONARY ~~WORLD The Moslem World of Today Samuel M. Zwemer Editor of the Moslelll World· and General .Missil)nary to Moslems Modern Moslems Breakin,$ Away from Tradition James L. Barton Author of '".A- Christian Approach to Islam:': Secy. of the American Board ..~-, ,.

The Rise and Fall..,f I s l a m ! : 1 . · ~~ Julius Richter All1110r of "History ~.f PNlte*;t .Missions in the Near East" Some Present Day Problems and Hinarll~c~~ G. H. Naish Council of Christian Missions in the Near East What Educated Moslems Think of Christianity E. H. Philips Missionary of the Cnited Presbyterian Church in Egypt Outstanding Moslem Converts to Christ Bishop J. H. Linton Church ~rissiol1ary Society Influence of the West on Moslem Life and Thought Basil Mathews Sec. vVorld's Alliance (If the YOllllg Men's Christian A"ociatioll, Gene'a Results of Apostasy in Islam E. Morris Wherry From Mohammed 'to Christ Formerly ~[issiollary to India Habib Yusufji Mohammedan Com'ert Mohammedan Boys and Girls J. Kingsley Birge Formerly Professor in International Colleg"e, Stuy-rna, Turkey Literature for Mohammedans-Moslem and Christian M. T. Titus 'Missionary 01 11ethodist Episcopal Chltrch in India The Christian Approach to Moslems W. Wilson Cash, D.S.O.

Church )dissiullary Sucidy, London Ways of Working Among Moslems Lucie G. Owen Touring African Stations, British and Foreign Bible Society Yith Photographic Illustrations. :'Iaps, and Charts T{'rite today for copies of the Octoba Humber to the MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBUSHING COMPANY 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City 25 cents a copy. $20.00 a hunured copies. $2.50 a year.

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1924

XLVII NUMBER

THE MISSIONARY EW, – DECEMBER, 1924 – SHALL THE CHURCH OF CHRIST ADVANCE?

ARTHUR J. BROWN GENERAL FENG AND HIS ARMY GEORGE T. B. DAVIS RESULTS OF CONFUCIANISM IN CHINA R. C. FORSYTH SEEN IN ABYSSINIA c. S. CLELAND RURAL CHURCHES UNDER THE MICROSCOPE RALPH A. FELTON THE INFLUENCE OF ISLAM IN PERSIA WILLIAM N. WYSHAN ••50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COpy MISSIONARY REVIF;W PUBLISHING COMPANY and REILY STS•• HARRISBURG, PA. 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

BOOKS

cannot be jndged solely by their titles and authors' names. Best books in tbe points of interest and morals, so desirable and necessary, are often nndiscovered by the very people who need them. Do you not know of many who shonld read tbese books?

The Bells of the Blue Pagoda, By Jean Carter Cochran. $1.75 "The best story of life in China," Is tbe high praise given this book by Dr. Isaac Taylor Headland. the well-known writer on China, and all readers will echo this opinion. "The narrative is true to life and told with a delicate art seldom found in modern literature," -LookDut.

Church Street, By Jean Carter Cochran. $1.50 A compilation or delightful sketches of a New Jersey village. The home life. neighbors, the church, and the village characteristics are drawn by a master band. "The commonplace beauty of every-day life is uncovered in a marvelous way by this author on American village life, without displaying its vulgarness. These sketches fairly represent the finer side of life in any of our American vlllages."-Lookout.

Verses for Children, By Cecil Trout Blancke. $1.50 Just the book for children. Eight pages of bright rhymes, rebuses, and word games in simple form, illustrated by the author for the tinytots of the kindergarten age. Miss Blancke is certainly very gifted in picturing the pets children love. '"Not for years has there appeared a more attractive book for young children."-Living Church.

Studies of Familiar Hymns, Series II, By Louis F. Benson, D.D. $2.00 The American authority on hymn lore, Doctor Louis F. Benson. has given to young peo.ple fascinating, devotional reading in this his new book, a continuation of his earlier studles, Series 1. About twenty years ago, the author wrote the first series of these Studies, which found a ready audience. Those familiar with this previous book will doubtless welcome this new one, which Is very like the old one in motive and method. Except the latter work differs in that It has a continuous story, the hymns having been selected in chronological orde:r representative 01 the historical development 01 hymnody and hymn singing among the peoples of England, Scotland and America.

The reading of this book would add new significance to many familiar hymns young people have been singing, without any thought as to their origin and history. The Etude commented, ~'Here is a book which it is a hardship to lay down."

If I Were Young Again, By Amos R. Wells, Litt.D., LL.D. 40 cents ;?:~~a~~n~ft!~~Sn bb~nfh:~U~~i;al~ofhi~ th~U~;adeero;l~;dS lb~~d:h~i!, o;h~ t~~fe:;hi:o~!~,~ft: takes and wise choices.

What Shall I Do With My Life? By Harold 1. Donnelly. $1.25 This is a practical attempt to answer the questions of the book's title, in study course form for Juniors and Seniors of High School age. This is one of the books of this type.

Life as a Stewardship, By Guy L. Morrill. 25 cents This book impresses the fact that we are not owners of ourselves, OUr time, our money, or anything; but that we hold these as stewards and should use them for him to whom they really belong.

Using the Heavenly Father's Gifts, By Maud Junkin Baldwin. 30 cents "The purpose of this book is to develop in Juniors the meaning of stewardship. and to help them early in life to accept the responsibility of stewardship according_ to their capacity and ability.·'-Otterbein Teacher.

The Work of the Pastor, By Charles R. Erdman, D.D. $1.75 This is the result of Dr. Erdman's sixteen years of pastoral service and eighteen years of teaching Pastoral Theolcgy in Princeton Theological Seminary. Under his guidance other qualified Presbyterian writers contributed to the book in accordance to the plan of tbe work, ~~edfog~~:irse~7na~~~Ob~ra!~~':;1 ar!~: eV~~g~l~~:~ !~1~st~~ ~~:u:::: t:il!tud;t~~~lbo~: :~~ gauge his attainment by it.

Money for Colleges, By O. W. Buschgen. $1.00 A handbook of methods for raising money for colleges. The price is extremely low and arrangements have been made whereby colleges that desire to purchase in quantities may have them at 60 cents.

PUI;lLICATION DEPARTMENT PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF CHRISTIAN EDUCATION (T·HE WESTMINSTER PRESS) Headquarters: PHILADELPHIA, Witherspoon Building New York, 156 Fifth Ave. Cincinnati, 420 Elm St. St. Louis, 914 Pine St.

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For these reasons we urge you to investigate our Life Annuity Agreements For infonnation address Morris W. Ehnea, Treasurer. Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Fifth Avenue. New York City. or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer. Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Meth.

~EPiscopal Church. 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia. Pa.

Please mention THJ! MISSroNARY REVIEW OF THE WOBLD in writing to advertisers. wm You HelpThese Lepers to Have aHappy Chrisbnas?

The whole Christian world celebrates joyfully the birth of Christ. Shall the lepers, who were special objects of His mercy, join in this world-wide rejoicing! It is for us to decide.

The missionaries can come closer to these unfortunate sufferers through Christmas gifts and the Christmas feast that our Christian gifts make possible. They are thus enabled to lead the lepers to recognize their eternal Friend and to bring them into His life and joy.

These Missionaries in many lands write to us: "If you will let us buy articles that will bring blessing to the lepers at Christmas we can get a better bargain. The sort of garments and dishes most used are on sale in the native markets, and by buying in quantity we can get very good rates." // Therefore we are emphasizing more strongly than ever the desirability of / making money gifts to help our leper friends celebrate Christmas. // If YOU were a leper-hundreds of whom are in the United States- / and were shut away from your family and friends, surrounded by other / / lepers on Christmas morning, would you not be greatly cheered by / ~.

knowing that some one thought of you enough to send you a Christ- / / ~~~ mas present! / ~ of Not being a leper, but being a Christian with a heart full //./..~v G~' G'ro<-' .' love and gratitude to Christ and with sympathy for your / .' fellowmen, wouldn't you like to put Christmas joy into / ~~e:.' ~~~,~O~ V'9~~ / / ~I(,~.c.~.~~. …. .•.. he lives of some of these exiles from society?

The Mission tCthoherwiLseotipralendr,sminhiatshssiionrtnoeawernieadsihfafureenredn/rte/d/~4/''o/;O~~~,~O~~y~t-'.0•'.Io~.' .a~ '.'

leper stations in .'

countries, where . . …. caring for thousands of leper men, women / . ~~Uy.~?'o ~ … ' . . .. / / ~v~~~~. ~ ~~. . … . and children. . .. ~<f~'vi) ~o.· ~~.. ~'Io. ~.' ~ <V'lo0 ~o; 1(,0 ?~ The Amencan MISSIOn to Lep- / ?~.." will transmit your gifts. // ers Flease mention THE MIsSIONARY REVIEW OF T,BE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editor Contents for December, 1924 Palle FRONTISPIECE …….. GENERAL FENG'S ARMY AND THEIR NEW TESTAMENTS EDITORIALS …..•….•………….. 941 w. Graham Scroggie DENOMINATIONAL RIVALRY VB. COOPERA- Britain'. FOTemo.t Bible Teacher TION. No MAN in the world to-day combines 'THE WORK OF THE UNl'r-ED CHURCH. more notably a deep spiritual insight, GoVERNMENT AND MISSIONS IN .EGYPT unshaken faith in the whole Bible, scholarship of the most exacting sort, TODAY. and rare power of literary expression, A CHRISTIAN LAYMEN's LEAGUE. than this Scottish preacher and teacher.

SHALL THE CHURCH OF CHRIST AD- He commences this month exclusively VANCE? •• * •••• ARTHUR J. BROWN 951 in The Sunday School Times, a rich, A view oj worW wide opportunities jor comprehensive every-week exposition Christian. Mission& and a stirring ap- of the International Uniform Lessons. pea, to the Church at home to enter the open. door8. Ernest Gordun, a Harvard graduate hold- GENERAL FENG AND HIS CHRISTIAN ing staunchly the Caristian fnndamentals, a wide traveler, having lived for years in ARMY •••…. GEORGE T. B. DAVIS 955 Europe and reading or speaking several MAN'S FINAL DESTINATION ……… . European languages, a brilliant writer who keeps closely informed of the Iiteratllre of •.•….•….. SADHU SUNDAR SINGH 958 the civilized world and the mission fields, RESULTS OF CONFUCIANISM IN CHINA writes the monthly "Survey of Religious Life and Thought" that keeps you posted on the •••• THE LA'l'E ROBERT C. FORSYTH 959 latest challenging signs of Christian advance.

A. carefu~ exa'11'llination of some of the These are but two of the many unusual pract>oa! effects of the teachings of features in Conf'Uc1(U8 on. th.e lives oj his folLowers in th-e Chinese Republic. r….etll!oer7 We.1t SEEN IN- ABYSSINIA ••… C. S. CLELAND 964 The story oj a recent ,,>sit to the that make it almOllt impossihle for people '1rWUntairwus regions of ancient Ethiopia to do without this journal when once ana an account of the beginnings of they have become acquainted. evanJJtnica£ mUslO?l 'Work 'in tlUl church said ·to be founded by tile Ethiopian more copies. either to III eunuoh. THE RURAL CHURCH UNDER THE MI- separate a11resses 0 r ~ , THE CROSCOPE ….. RALPH A. FELTON 971 in a p1cka'le to $; A 'tudy Of the !lresent situation in ru- one address. 011-· BUDAY BCHOOr. ral communities in America and the $1.50 ea ch ""~. TIXliS COMPAJlY need for community churcheil to avoid pel" year. ~'f> Bolt 1550. PhUadelpbla. Pa, wasteful e"'!lendltures, wealeness and • ..ee'<l~ For the 25 cents enclosed THE01J~~~~WA. TRIBE OF WESTERN please send The Sunday NIGERIA ••••.••••• C. F. BEITZEL 974 School Times for 10 week. An ace"''''t 01 a recent visit to a !lallan tribe hitllerto untouohed by tile Go'!lel to a! Chrillt. THE WORK OF THE AFRICA INLAND MISSION .•• CHARLES E. HUELBUBT 976 THE INFLUENCE OF ISLAM IN PERSIA •••••••••••••WILLIAM N. WYSHAN 981 Evidence. of the blighting effect 01 the teach,ing8 of Mohammed on the personal ana SOcial live. of M. folloWer. In Persia and the oontra8ted effeots oj tile aoceptanoe of tile teaChings of Christ. MODERNIZING MISSIONARY METHODS ••••••• EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CBONK 985 THE WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN MISSION BULLETINS •••..•••••• 993 NElWS FROM MANY LANDS ••.•••••.• 999 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARy ••••••••.• 1015 THE INDEX FOR THE YEAR 1924 •••• 1023 TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubs ot live.) Foreign postage. 50 cents. Single copies. 2~ cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1924, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CoM"

PANT. INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY. Inc.

ROREBT E. SPIlBB. Presic%ellt WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN. Vlce-Pre,jdmt DELAVAN L. PIERSON. SecretMj/ WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Publication omca. 3d & Reily St… Harrisburg. Pa. 250 a copy. $2.50 a year Editorial and Business omce. 156 Filth Avenue. Name ….•……..•••••••••••••••• New York City Entered as second-class matter at the Post Address …..•.•••.••.••••.•••••••• Omce. Harrisburg. Pa.. under Act ot March 8.

1879.

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FENG (at th e right of George T. B. Davis, who wears a hat) AND HIS SOLDIElRS HOLDING UP THEIR CHIN·ESE

(See page 955)

lilliE! .MI-~IONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. DECEMBER, 1924 NUMBER XLVII TWELVE DENOMINATIONAL RIVALRY VS. OOOPERATION REOENTLY there have been some caustic criticisms passed on denominational Boards because of an alleged use of mission money to promote denominationalism rather than to uplift Ohrist so a,s to draw men to Him. No doubt some of these criticisms are justified, although the causes for them are decreasing year by year. We need to look the facts squarely in the face and not to deal in generalizations that do injustice. Some cases that seem like denominational rivalry, lack of Ohristian comity or to involve a waste of money and effort are due to the necessity of building up work in pioneer fields. Railroads may at first be competitors in a thinly settled country and yet later may be inadequate for the traffic. In other cases, the competition has been inherited from the past or is caused by inability to make speedy readjustments where the population of a field has decreased or changed in character. There are, however, regrettable instances where officials or individual workers are men of narrow vision and denominational ambition. They work for what they consider to be the good of a segment rather than for the benefit of the members of a community or of the whole Ohurch.

There are many good reasons why all evangelical churches should seek ways of working together so as to prevent waste of effort and to present an unbroken front in advancing the Kingdom of God. Making known these cases of need for greater cooperation may help to hasten progress. To declare our belief in cooperation is ;not enough; nor is it sufficient to point out breaches of comity. We must have faith in our fellow-Ohristians; we need a larger vision of our common task and a supreme devotion to our one Lord. Negative criticism is not so useful as is a constructive approach to the problem, with an intelligent consideration of the facts, followed by prompt action.

Denominationalism is not wholly evil if it does not create jealous rivalry and prevent unity and cooperation. The denominations had 941

their origin in a protest against errors that crept into the Church, or against autocratic efforts to control religious thinking, or because of personal ideals and differences of interpretations of the Bible. But the protestors themselves have too often become dogmatic ,and autocratic in the expression of their views. Today denominationalism has generally become a hindrance and the great masses of evangelical church members are demanding greater emphasis on essentials only, together with greater unity and cooperation in the service of Christ. Within most of the denominations there are movements which are preparing the way for a new day in interdenominational cooperation and unity. Possibly, however, there will be a realignment on questions of faith.

Among the evidences of the growing spirit of Christian fellowship are the Federal Council, the conferences on Faith and Order, the Home Missions Council and the Foreign Missions Conference and other interdenominational bodies. For fifteen years or more, superintendents of Home Mission work in many states have been endeavoring to cooperate so as to avoid overlapping and competition. Workers on the field have promoted pla,ns for adjustments and cooperation that save millions of dollars. Cases of unfriendly competition and flagrant overlapping are not the rule in home mission territory-they are the exceptions. Much has been done to correct old mistakes and there has developed a conscience that has taken strong hold on many. leaders and laymen. North Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, Western Washington, California and Utah have now interdenominational state organizations giving special attention to comity largely promoted by the Home Missions Council.

Enthusiasm for cooperation is growing in the Church and the evidences of it are increasing. International, national, state and city federations of churches, and similar Christian organizations are now working harmoniously together for God and humanity. They are thriving on willingness to cooperate. In some cases, however, the advance is so rapid that the differing cooperative groups are themselves becoming competitors and in some cases rivalry is beginning to appear.

Christians may hold to the essentials of faith, and yet help to crystallize the sentiment for unity and direct the efforts toward cooperation so as to bring about the desired result. Zeal for a particular institution should not be so great as to hinder the spirit of Christian unity or the giving up of cherished plans and organizations if this surrender will advance the cause of our Lord. The whole family of Christ need not adopt one type of church government, or worship according to one form of ritual, or accept the same interpretations of all the Bible teachings. All members of a family need not live under one roof, be engaged in one kind of work, or

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

even be called by the same name, but it is essential to Christian fellowship and effective service that all work harmoniously together, without jealousy, rivalry, interference or conflicting purposes and plans. Let Christ be first; let Him increase while denominations and their statistics decrease.

THE WORK OF THE UNITED CHURCH T HE United States can accomplish many things that are impos- sible for individual States to do alone. The labor unions can do much that separate local organizations cannot bring to pass. A united family has an influence that a disrupted family cannot expect to wield. It is not necessary that all of the States, or all local labor unions, or all members of a family shall agree on all points, but they must agree on a basis of union, on an ideal and some general principles, and to be effective they must be loyal to the official heads and the general program.

It would seem to be beyond question that a united Church of Christ will be more effective in work, a greater testimony to the world, and. more pleasing to Him than a divided church. A body whose members are out of harmony with each other cannot be all under the control of one Head. The characteristics and the functions of members are varied, but there should be absolute harmony, loyalty and cooperation.

It is, therefore, eminently fitting that there should be a Federation or Federal Council of Christian Churches to unite in harmonious sympathy and cooperation those branches of the Christian Church that are loyal to Christ and His program. They need not agree on all points, be called by one name or be uniform in methods, but they can agree to acknowledge one Head and to work harmoniously to) express His spirit and to carry out His plans. The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America is such an organization, expressing the unity of spirit and purpose, but not requiring organized union or uniformity. It was planned at an interchurch conference in 1905 and the plan was adopted by national denominational assemblies in 1906 to 1908 when the Council finally adopted its constitution at a meeting held in Philadelphia. The ~-'ederal Council has, therefore, been in actual operation for sixteen years and has accomplished many worthwhile results in religious, educational, industrial, philanthropic, missionary and international spheres. The expense involved is less than $300,000 annually, for the most part contributed by individuals and denominational bodies.

The next quadrennial meeting of the Federal Council will be held at Atlanta, Georgia, December 3-9. Bishop James Cannon, Jr., of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, is chairman of the program committee, and the general theme will be "The Church in the World. " Specific subjects to be considered include: "The Need of the World

for the Church of Christ," and" The Cooperation of the Churches." The speakers include Dr. Robert E. Speer, of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions and President of the Federal Council; Governor William E. Sweet of Colorado; Bishop William F. Mc- Dowell of Washington; Bishop Francis J. McConnell of Pittsburgh; Bishop Warren A. Candler of Atlanta; Rev. Rockwell H. Potter of Hartford, Gonn., Moderator of the National Council of Congrega- tional Churches; President E. Y. Mullins of the Baptist Theological Seminary at Louisville, Kentucky; Rev. James I. Vance of the First Presbyterian Church of Nashville, Tenn., and Rev. Henry H. Sweets, of Louisville, Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Education. Among the distinguished representatives of the Churches of foreign lands will be Sir Willoughby Dickinson of London, former member of the British Parliament; Professor Julius Richter of the Uni- versity of Berlin, a world authority on foreign missions; and Dr. Adolf Keller of Zurich, Switzerland, one of the outstanding figures in European Protestantism; Rev. A. Reischauer, of Tokio, and Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer of Egypt and Arabia, the leading missionary to the Moslem World.

The P'l"esident of the Council to succeed Dr. Robert E. Speer, and the other officers for the next quadrennium, will be elected on Thurs- day morning, December 4th.

Some criticisms have been passed on the ideals and work of the Federal Council. No doubt mistakes have been made but the best answer to these criticisms is the work that it has accomplished in national and international affairs. There is still a great work for . the Churches of Christ to do cooperatively.

No denomination is asked to give up its independence. The pro- gram and policies of the Council are determined by the representa- tives appointed by the various denominations.

The aims of the Council, as defined in the Constitution, are" To express the fellowship and unity of the Christian Church… To bring the Christian bodies of America into united service for Christ and the world… To encourage devotional fellowship and mutual counsel concerning the spiritual life and religious activities of the Churches. .. To secure a larger combined influence for the Churches of Christ in all matters affecting the morai and social condition of the people, so as to promote the application of the law of Christ in every relation of human life."

The Council assists local communities to develop effective co- operation in dealing with their own community problems and as a result, there are now nearly fifty local federations or councils of churches in various centers. Each of these is responsible only to the churches of the local community.

The program of the Council is founded upon the supreme need for personal religion, for life through Jesus Christ, the Son of God,

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

for making known His Gospel to all mankind, and for expressing His ideals in all activities and relationships. This spirit extends to social and international relations and to every phase of life. The Churches can and should do their utmost to root out the seeds' of selfishness and bitterness that produce wars; they should use their influence to secure international justice and peace, to develop brotherhood in in- dustry, to promote fraternity among the races of the world, and to abolish the traffic in intoxicating drinks, harmful drugs and other social evils.

Loyal and loving obedience to Jesus Christ, the Son of God and Saviour of man, is the cohesive force that must be depended on to unite all Christians of all Churches-that we mav be One as Christ and the Father are One. .

GOVERNMENT AND MISSIONS IN EGYPT TODAY* .l"l. AFTER having administered Egypt for forty years, the British Government, on February 28, 1922, made the announcement that it was "the desire of His Majesty's Government to recognize Egypt forthwith as an independent, sovereign state." Since 525 B.C. Egypt has been a subject nation. Persians and Greeks and Romans and Byzantines, the Caliphs, the Memluk, the Turks, the French, the Khedives, the English, one after the other, have ruled in the valley of the Nile. Now Egypt is assuming her place as a selfgoverning, sovereign kingdom with her own king and her own house of representatives and senate. She is sending her diplomatic representatives to the various governments of the world, for the first time in 2,500 years.

Great, fundamental changes have taken place in Egypt during the past decade. From 1882 to 1914 Britain had been administering the government as the occupying power, with advisory predominance in all the departments of state. In 1914, however, she assumed the relationship of the protecting power and declared Egypt a protectorate of the British Empire. Martial law was declared and the British consul general became the British resident with almost regal power.

This relationship continued throughout the War, but after the armistice Saad Zaghlul Pasha with two colleagues demanded that the British should evacuate the country and turn all affairs of government over to the Egyptians. The demand was refused, the delegation was shortly afterwards interned in Malta as malcontents and disturbers of the peace, and martial law became stricter. This caused rage in the Egyptian politicians, and resulted in disturbances and outrages of various kinds, together with the murder of many innocent people and the destruction of much property. This condition continued until 1923. During the past year a constitution for the future government of Egypt has been adopted and a law of indemnities • By a. FrIend of Egypt In Cairo.-T1r.e U..'te~ Pre8byterian.

securing the acceptance by the Egyptian government of all the acts and judgments of the British military courts in Egypt. Military law has been abolished, and arrangements made for the retirement of the many British officials in the civil service.

Four great subjects of vital importance both to Great Britain and to Egypt remain for settlement between the two governments. These matters are: (1) The security of the communications of the British Empire in Egypt. (2) The defence in Egypt against all foreign aggression or interference, direct or indirect. (3) The protection of foreign interests in Egypt, and the protection of minorities. (4) The Sudan. Pending the conclusion of agreements on all these vital matters the status quo remains intact.

The two great outstanding changes have been the abolition of martial law and the promulgation of the constitution. It is liberal beyond expectations in its provisions for securing liberty and freedom to the individual Egyptian and resembles the governments of the most civilized nations of the world. It declares that: All Egyptians are equal before the law. The liberty of individuals is guaranteed. The home is inviolable. Liberty of conscience is absolute. The state protects, in accordance with the practice established in Egypt, the full exercise of the rites of all religions and creeds. Liberty of opinion is guaranteed. The press is free. Egyptians have the right to hold meetings peaceably. Egyptians have the right to form societies. And then as if doubly to secure liberty to the individual in his person, and his religion, and his status before the law, it is provided that: "The stipulations of laws, decrees, orders, regulations, resolutions, decisions, and all other acts or measures imposed in the past, and rules and forms adopted up to the present time, will remain in force, on condition that their execution is in harmony with the principles of liberty and equality guaranteed by the present constitution. "

In Egypt the Christians are only.one out of every fourteen of the population-one million out of 14,000,000. Can the constitution really guarantee freedom in religion to the Moslem man or woman to change his or her religion 1 Will the changes that have been effected in the government affect the missionary situation? Will they affect the disabilities that a convert from Islam ordinarily incurs ~ In the elections held last January for members of the new parliament fifteen Christians and one Jew have been chosen out of 214 in the house of representatives. It is obvious that without Mohammedan votes not one could have been chosen. It is an interesting fact that five of the fifteen Christians chosen are of Protestant families, and received all or part of their education in mission schools or college at Assiut. In the senate four members out of 118 are Protestants.

The party in the majority controls about ninety per cent of the votes of the parliament and is led by Saad Pasha Zaghlul, the Moslem

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

partisan and nationalist leader. Will this strong, dominant party initiate legislation to the disadvantage of Christianity and Christian missions T Or will the constitution be administered fairly and justlyY The law, of apostasy has not been changed or abrogated. Can the constitution prevent its execution in the face of bigotry and fanaticism T Will the old customs and the old law still clamor for the death of the convert Y Will the Koran, in the religious courts, and even in the decisions of the civil courts, override the constitution, notwithstanding its guarantees of freedom and equality? Baidhawi, the great Moslem commentator, says that the Koran teaches: "Whoever turns back from his belief, openly or secretly, take him and kill him, wherever you find him, like any other infidel. Do not accept intercession. " Will this law of the Arabian desert of the seventh century "remain in force," or will "its execution" be regarded as not "in harmony with the principles of liberty and equality guaranteed by the constitution"?

The disabilities which the convert from Islam must face include death, especially in the better grades of Egyptian Moslem society. Some in Egypt have died because they believed in Jesus and His Gospel. Tile usual way is to destroy the "pervert" by a poisoned drink or poisoned food. A few years ago a government official, an educated man, suddenly disappeared from his father's house and was never seen again. In conversation with his friends, in social meetings, when religion was the subject of discussion he expressed his doubts of Islam and strongly, ably maintained the superiority of Christianity. He had never openly professed his faith in Christ but he knew the Bible well, much of it by heart. He was frequently warned by his friends to be less open in his "reasonings" with his fellows, but he could not remain silent.

Other Christian converts have endured great indignities and suffering. One was banished for a year by the government authorities on the plea that protection from injury and possible death was impossible. In general, the disabilities suffered by the Moslem convert are legal, social, domestic, economic, and not political, but they are none the less real.

Neither missionaries nor missionary boards have yet made any general, adequate provision for Moslem converts. A missionary in a Moslem land wrote: "Any native of but a moderate degree of respectability must, to become a Christian, make sacrifices, generally speaking, that not the most zealous supporter of missions ever dreams of making. A Moslem convert must have the spirit of a martyr."

The disabilities incurred by the Oriental Christian in Egypt are not greater than in the past. His position, however, is uncertain, and fanaticism may at any time overwhelm him. In the present state of opinion the Christian in Egypt may receive consideration politically of greater benefit than formerly but he may lose his present position in politics, in civil service, and in civil and personal rights.

During the past few years some of the leaders have suspected the Christians of Egypt as not being sympathetic with the aspirations of the majority because of their supposed religious affinity to Britain as a Christian nation. At the same time a number of the younger Christians have been earnest national partisans and three or four of them were transported with Zaghlul Pasha, and several others were interned with national extremists. But it is not likely that the Moslem leaders of Egypt will ever feel full confidence in their Christian fellow-subjects, whatever they may think of Christianity.

During the past six decades the diffusion of Christian ideas and evangelistic truth throughout the country has greatly affected the Moslem population of Egypt. Copies of the Bible have been distributed in large quantities and thousands of Moslem boys and girls, who are now men and women, have been in attendance in Christian schools. Many thousands have been patients in Christian hospitals and clinics, or are friends of those who have been patients. Many of these have copies of the Scriptures, and have heard the Gospel preached and taught. They have told others of their experiences in school and hospital, they have shown their Gospels and others have read them; they have talked about the Christians and their religion, their worship and their beliefs. They have been evangelizing one another and their influence has extended to other thousands. As a result prejudice is being broken down, bigotry is being overcome, their contacts and fellowships with Christians, and Christian missionaries have led them to desire to know more fully what Christianity is and what Jesus Christ really taught in His Gospel.

Missionary work among Moslems is, therefore, much easier than formerly. They come to meetings in the cities and the villages, Whether in the churches or in rented houses; they visit individually and in groups the missionaries and Egyptian workers,; they receive the Book of God with deference, reverently and gladly; they ask for literature on Christian subjects; they inquire about the differences between Christianity and Islam and desire to know the doctrines of Christianity. A few are being baptized and others are under instruction. SQme do not believe in Mohammed or the Koran, but are not ready to be baptized. The fear of ostracism, of the fate of the apostate, is ever before them. The convert from the respectable classes is no safer today than in the past. However, the interest of the Moslems in Egypt in Christianity is very great; a marked change of attitude has taken place as compared with former days, and it is general all through the country, even in the Moslem sections of Cairo.

The relations between the missions in Egypt and government officials are, in general, friendly. The real difficulty and time of trial, perhaps, will come when the impact of Christianity on the Moslem masses becomes so great and so pronounced that the Moslem leaders become aroused to opposition and defence. What will parliament do thenT

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

A CHRISTIAN LAYMEN'S LEAGUE SINCE the Laymen's Missionary Movement was absorbed into the Interchurch World Movement and that, in turn, discontinued operation, there has been no interdenominational and nationwide organization of Christian laymen interested in religious work. There are groups in various communions and there are interchurch associations interested in Bible distribution or undenominational work, but that is all. Now it is proposed to unite American laymen, loyal to Christ and to His service, in a league for Christian truth and religious work. At a conference, held in New York on October 11th and 12th, called by Dr. J. Campbell White of the Biblical Seminary, a committee of representative Christian laymen was appointed to take this matter under consideration and, if thought advisable, to take steps to form such a Laymen's Church League. Dr. White says: "Is it not eminently reasonable to challenge the best laymen of all Protestant churches of North America with the proposal that they find some way by which groups of earnest laymen in all these churches can cooperate for Christ and His cause ~ This is the central proposal made. Final policies are left to be determined by a General Laymen's Oonference of laymen from all Protestant churches in the United States and Oanada, acting upon reports and recommendations of eight commissions, composed of the strongest laymen that can be found."

This is a new interdenominational effort by laymen to secure real working fellowship and cooperation between all groups of Christian laymen who are eager to serve Jesus Christ, and to increase the spiritual power and efficiency of His Ohurch. The official action taken at the recent conference calls attention to the desperate need of vital Ohristian religion now evident in America and other lands. The churches are not realizing their possible spiritual efficiency upon which depends the welfare of the race. The present situation calls for the best thought, prayer and leadership of the strongest laymen. Happy, victorious, fruitful lives are possible in Ohrist but few are living such lives. The remedy of this condition should be a matter of earnest study, prayer and effort by laymen themselves, together with all the help they can secure from pastors; Business itself may be made a revelation of the mind of Ohrist, and an effective means of expanding His Kingdom. Wide-spread religious doubt and unbelief can be overcome if Christian laymen will agree in defining and publishing the Gospel of Jesus Ohrist. Multitudes are ready to listen to a clear, confident and convincing statement of what Jesus Ohrist can do to meet human needs. Public schools, universities and colleges are not doing justice to the educational and moral values of the Bible and of Christ. Too many are hindering faith and the working out of Ohristian ideals. The educational process must be more fully permeated with vital religious

truth so that colleges and universities may prepare graduates for efficient leadership in our churches and Sunday-schools.

There are abundant resources in the hands of Christian men and women to finance any reasonable program of Christian culture and service that may be developed by the best constructive thinking and experience in the Church. The consecration of property to God would increase the resources available for carrying out the program. The financial support of the Church has been inadequate because the laymen have not been enlisted more fully in the discussion of the needs and how best to meet them.

Christian men need some method of united study, conference and action to make their voice heard on religious que&tions and to increase the spiritual power and effectiveness of the Church. The rich experiences of groups of laymen in many individual churches and communities may be gathered together and given wide publicity, in order to help other groups to work out the best programs for their oW'll use.

A Provisional Committee has been appointed to act as a publicity bU1:eau and clearing house of information upon all lines of Christian effort carried on by groups of laymen; to arrange for Laymen's District Oonferences; to appoint Commissions of Laymen to make a study of the following subjects and to report their recommendations to a Laymen's General Oonference to be called at the discretion of the Provisional Committee: (1) Secrets of victory and fruitfulness for Ohristian laymen. (2) The application of Ohrist's teachings to business and professionallife. (3) The Gospel of Ohrist and the main business of the Ohurch. (4) The relation of the Bible and Jesus Christ to education, the home and the schools. (5) An adequate home and foreign missionary policy and program for laymen. (6) The enlistment or financial and other resources for Ohrist and His Cause. (7) Best methods for men's organizations, for an individual church, for a city, a district, or a nation.

It is proposed to appoint commissions to study themes for presentation at the Laymen's Oonference to be held next year at some central point-either at Louisville or St. Louis-and to enlist the sympathy, prayers and cooperation of laymen in all parts of the country. The tentative dates set for this conference are March 12-15. M..L. Swinehart, lay missionary of the Southern Presbyterian Church on furlough from Korea, has been secured as General Secretary of this League of Christian Laymen.

the Church of Christ Advance? *

.BY REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D., NEW YORK Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

G OD is summoning us to go forward. Thirty years ago we . prayed for open doors. God has answered that prayer, and now we must pray Him to make the Church willing to enter them. The situation is unprecedented. Nations are plastic. Former hostility to missionaries has largely disappeared. Everywhere people are ready'to listen to the Gospel. In many fields, chapels, schools and churches are crowded. It is heartbreaking to turn away inquirers who, if there were room for them, might be brought to Christ. The opportunity is imperial and imperious, and such opportunity means obligation. What we can do for God we ought to do. We do not need to wait for a more favorable time. "Say not ye, there are yet four months and then cometh the harvest. Behold, I say unto you, lift up your eyes and look on the fields, that they are white already unto harvest." . Shall Christ wait to see of the travail of His soul for those who will die because His disciples are attending to other things Y Behold, now is the day of salvation.

Every consideration of enlightened statesmanship calls upon the Church to advance along the whole line. Said a letter from Japan: "This is the greatest day ever in Japan. There never was such an opportunity to preach and minister to the people." Said a letter from Persia: "Our responsibility is thirty million souls. How, with so limited a force is the mission to maintain its work1 On all sides we see great' opportunities, yet are powerless to embrace them." It is wonderful that there are nearly half a million Ohristians in China, but there are 438,000,000 people there. From India comes the cry: "Millions are yet unevangelized in the territories for which our missionaries are responsible, and are totally inadequate. " Said another letter of a single station: "Publish it I Shout it from the housetops! 2,500 villages to be visited; in all of them Christians to be shepherded and 6,000 Christian boys and girls to be educated. Open thou, 0 Lord, the eyes of the young people of America, burden their hearts, till they come over to help us rescue the lovable boys and girls of India from the slough of ignorance and sin in which they are sunk, till they cannot rest for the cries of these children going up before the throne day and night."

What shall be said of the soldiers of the Cross who form the thin red line of the Church of God at the front; little groups of men and women, scantily equipped, in unhealthy climates, often in the midst of war, pestilence or famine, hardly a week in which some of them do ~trac.ts from an address delivered at the 136th General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. at Grand Rapids, Michigan. May 28. 1924. 951

not stand face to face with death; but quietly, patiently, month after month and year after year, going on with their work with fortitude undaunted, with devotion superb, witnessing for the Gospel of the Son of God. "Why don't you call those imperilled missionaries home T" people sometimes ask. If we did call them, they would not come. When a British Admiral offered the protection of his ship of war to some beleaguered missionaries years ago, they told him that their stations were their posts of duty and that they could not leave the native Christians to be scattered and their schools and hospitals to be destroyed. The Admiral took off his cap and said: "Ladies and gentlemen, your courage is magnificent. Men have been given the Victoria Cross for less heroism than yours."

As we read letters which come from workers stationed at the ends of the earth, strange scenes rise to our vision. We see missionaries on the teeming plains of China, in the numberless villages of India, by the rivers of Siam, in the jungles of Mrica, on the uplands of Persia, in the valleys of Korea and .Tapan, in the islands of the Philippines, in the vast spaces of Latin America; using every conveyance known to the non-Christian world-by cart and chair and litter, by' canoe and sailboat and launch, by pony and camel and elephant, sometimes by bicycle and automobile, but often on foot, weary and foot-sore; in heat and cold, in dust and mud, in drenching storm and blazing sun, but everywhere and always beseeching men in Christ's stead to be reconciled to God. '

The world waits for the Gospel of which such missionaries are ambassadors. Never has it needed it so urgently as now. The raM is in commotion. Turkey is again arrogant. India is seething with unrest. China is in chaos. Japan has been smitten by appalling calamity. Koreans and Filipinos are demanding independence. In Europe men are talking abont the next war and preparing for it. Everywhere peoples are in transition. The old is passing. What is to be the new¥ Evil influences are intensifying the danger. Moving picture films that are so unclean that they cannot be profitably shown in America are shipped to Asia where they are freely exhibited. .AJ single steamship is reported to have taken from San Francisco to Japan 1,150 barrels of wine. Morphine seized in Shanghai was manufactured in Philadelphia. The law forbids shipment from America to China but not to Japan. In two years and nine months New York dealers sent three and a half tons of morphine and five tons of cocaine to Japan, there to be reshipped to China through Japanese post offices over which the Chinese have no jurisdiction. As a traveler in Asia sees the evidences of vices from alleged Ohristian nations, he wonders whether the closer contacts of the East and the West are further to debauch the East. They surely will unless they are overcome by a more vigorous propagation of Christianity.

1924J SHALL THE CHUROH OF CHRIST ADVANCE'

America and Europe have taught Asiatics to kill one another more scientifically than ever before. They have taught them the use of machine guns, airships and poison gas. Shall they not give them the uplifting and purifying word of God with its Gospel of the Prince of Peace?

Under the combined impact of forces good and bad that are pouring into non-Christian lands, the old civilizations are crumbling and the ethnic religions are decaying. What few moral restraints they ever had have been weakened. The whole structure of Asiatic life is tottering. What is to take its place 1 "The rudiments of empire here A.re plastic yet and warm; The chaos of a mighty world Is rbunding into form. "

One thinks of the majestic words of Isaiah: "The noise of a multitude in the mountains, like as of a great people; a tumultuous noise of the kingdoms of nations gathered together; the Lord of hosts mustereth the host of the battle."

. THE DUTY OF THE CHURCH What is the duty of the Ohurch of God ~ We turn for instruction to our Lord. In the 24th chapter of St. Matthew's Gospel, He plainly warned his disciples of coming wars and tribulation and false prophets and abounding iniquity; but, so far from advising inaction on that account, He declared that these very conditions made it all the more urgent that "this Gospel of the Kingdom shall be preached in all the world." That is the divine program for a distracted earth. The defects from which the world is suffering are not defects of knowledge, but of conscience. Man's material appliances have developed faster than his moral character. "There is no political alchemy," said Herbert Spencer, "by which you can get golden conduct out of leaden motives. " Dwight L. Moody said about the same thing, less elegantly, but more forcibly: "If you want good water it is not enough to paint the pump, you must clean out the well. " Only God can do that. For this Christ came. "Neither is there salvation in any other; for there is none other Name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved." Science, philosophy, militarism, politics, secular education-all have failed. The only hope lies in the acceptance of the Gospel for whose world extension the foreign missionary enterprise exists. There never will be a better world until there are better people in it, and there will never be better people in it until they conform their lives to the teaching of Christ. The missionary enterprise stands for this. It stands for human brotherhood j for the international mind in religion; for emancipation from the narrow and provincial into the wide spaces of the King- 2

dom of God: for the world-wide sway of Ohrist; for utter allegiance to Him as King of Kings and Lord of Lords.

Some allege that the world program of Ohrist is impossible. But what is the Ohurch for, if it cannot be the agency of God for doing what man alone cannot do? Inspiring are the words of revelation: "He is able"; "able to save unto the uttermost"; "able even to subdue all things unto Himself"; "able to do exceeding abundantly above all that we ask or think." Let Ohristians of all men reject the heresy that what Ohrist laid upon His Ohurch cannot be done. Nothing that is right is impossible. What God tells us to do, we by the grace of God can do and should do. Instead of hesitating, let us say with Shakespeare: "Now let me run And I will strive with things impossible; Yea, get the better of them. "

"Human crimes," said Thomas Oarlyle, "are many; but the crime of being deaf to God's voice, the crime of being blind to everything but parchments and antiquarian rubrics when the handwriting of God is abroad on the sky, there is none other crime than this that the gods do more utterly avenge." This is no time for a small or timid program. It is time for consecrated effort, for sacrificial giving, for catholicity of spirit, for statesmanship of planning, a time for the splendor of a mighty faith. "If the Ohurch ever intends to vindicate its name among men as the champion of a pure religion of heavenly power, now is the time when it mnst move forward with consecration surpassing all it has shown before. Now is the hour for sacrifice, for devotion tha.t costs, for :fidelities unflinching and unlimited. The reason why the knowledge of the Lord mnst cover the earth as the waters cover the sea, is now evident as never before. Nothing less than literal saturation with religion will save the world."

This is our splendid task, to exalt the Lord of life above the jarring passions of men, to make His will supreme. We must write His name large across the sky of. the world. We must make His voice the undertone of human life. We summon the Ohurch in the ringing words of Oharles Hoyt: , 'Is this a time, 0 Church of Christ, to sound retreat Y To arm with weapons cheap and blunt The men and women who have borne the brunt Of truth's fierce strife, and nobly held their ground 1 Is this the time to halt, when all around Horizons lift, new destinies confront? No, rather strengthen stakes and lengthen cords, Enlarge thy plans and gifts, 0 thou elect; And to thy kingdom come for such a time. The earth with all its fullness is the Lord's. Great things attempt for Him, great things expect, Whose love imperial is, whose power sublime!"

A GLIMPSEl OF GElNERAL FENG'S ARMY AT

"W'hen a gun is fired at twelve o'clock each noon the soldiers of the Christian army are accustomed to gather by companies or In smaller groups for thirty minutes of Bible ['"eading and prayer.

General Feng and His Christian Army BY GEORGE T. B, DAVIS, SHANGHAI, CRTNA General Feng Yu-shiang, known as the Christian General of China, has been much featured in the press dispatches recently on account of his action in forcing the resignation of the Chinese president, Tsao [{11n, on October 22d, causing the flight of the commander-in-chief of the Central Government's armies, Geneml W1~ Pei Fn, and the I'etirement of the young Manchu emperor. it is understood that General Feng has 'taken these steps with the desire to bring peace to China too long torn asunder by warring factions.

The FO'reign Minister under the new GO'l'ernment is D,'. C, T. Wang, also a pl'ominent Christian. .

The stOl'y of General Feng's conve1'sion and work with his army was told in our May, August and December n'ltmbers, 1923. He has the most efficient army of soldiers in China b1d he does not desire to establish a militaristic government. His intel'est in the promotion of Bible study, education and useful employment give good ground faT hope. His position is one of grave responsibility, and of many temptations. He stands much in need of the earnest prayers of OMistiuns in all lands.-EDITOR.

A FEW years ago an army officer was converted in Peking. He was a major in command of 500 men, but he was not allowed to preach Christ openly to his men in the military quarters. For this teaching he had to send them from the barracks to the churches of Peking. Today that convert is called the" Defender of Peking"; and of his army of ten thousand men, probably two thirds have openly avowed their faith in Christ. It is not only a most inspiring native force for righteousness, but it is the strongest military in- 955

fluence for stability in China. It is a remarkable organization, physically, morally and spiritually.

After an American military man had spent two weeks studying the Christian Army he said: "They are the best soldiers in China." But the army is not merely a military organization. It is a great Christian school where young men are given physical, industrial, mental, spiritual, and military training. The soldier-students enlist for at least three years and receive the equivalent in time of a four years' course. There is a strict schedule of work and study from the rising bugle in the morning at 4 A. M., to "lights out" at night. The first order of the day after dressing is a bit of spiritual drill, when the men assemble by companies in the quiet of the early dawn and the captain leads in a gospel hymn. Then all heads are bowed while an officer or private soldier prays for God's blessing upon the army and guidance for the duties of the day.

Physical drill follows the spiritual when the men go out for a twenty minutes' run, and clamber up and down little mounds to make them fit for mountain climbing, and for the day's program. Then comes military drill, followed by various forms of physical training, industrial work, study of Chinese, moral lectures, and a noon prayer meeting. Thus from morning until night there is a varied program of study, work and worship.

The army is up-to-the-minute in physical fitness, as might be expected where there is an absence of immorality, wine drinking, and cigarette smoking. They are alert, athletic, clear-eyed, strongmuscled. Sir James Starlin, a retired Admiral of the British Navy, who recently visited Peking, was much impressed with the fine physique of the men and with their feats on the horizontal bars.

The industrial branch of the army school was started by General Feng in order that many of the men might learn a trade and have a means of support on their return to civil life. Here one sees the men engaged in making shoes and clothes, knitting stockings, weaving rugs, boiling soap, and making chairs and other furniture. When one set of men have learned a trade, another lot takes their place.

But the most striking phase of the army life is its spiritual side. It was a most impressive sight to see a hundred or more men standing outside a mess-room before a meal singing a gospel hymn; then as all heads were bowed someone led in an earnest petition. This is the custom throughout the entire army before the two meals each day!

A still more striking scene occurs at noon when the twelve o 'clock gun is fired and the men gather by companies outside their various quarters for half an hour of Bible reading and prayer. Sometimes the meeting is conducted by the captain or in smaller groups in charge of a corporal. After a hymn is sung a chapter in the New Testament is read responsively, with brief explanations by the leader,

GENERAL FENG AND HIS CHRISTIAN ARMY

followed by a number of petitions from the officers and men. It is Family Worship for the day.

The men love to sing the favorite old hymns. They sing the first thing in the morning; they sing at noon, and they sing the last thing at night. They sing at meetings; they sing before meals; they sing as they march. The favorite hymn of the army is "Onward Christian Soldiers." Others that the troops especially enjoy are: "Stand Up, Stand Up for Jesus! Ye Soldiers of the Cross"; "Room for Thee"; "All People that on Earth do Dwell," and" 0 Happy D a y . " : :I Our work in the army began with the officers, and extended to the men. Majors and colonels seemed as ready to enlist in the Pocket Testament League as were private soldiers. My first big meeting with the troops was with 800 men of a cavalry regiment, led by the colonel with much fervor. At the conclusion of his prayer a chorus of" Amens" came from all over the audience. When those who would like to enlist in the League were asked to raise their hands, all re- sponded as far as I could see and many professed faith in Christ.

At one memorable service we addressed nearly 4,000 men in the open air. The interpreter was Rev. Martin Ekvall. How eagerly the men listened, how patiently they stood! God's Spirit was moving upon their hearts in answer to the prayers of many. When the invita- tion to accept Christ was given, so many hands were upraised that I asked that the invitation be repeated. Literally hundreds of hands . were upraised from all parts of the great audience. It was a soul- stirring sound when they repeated in concert after Chaplain Chang their declaration of faith in Christ. At the close of the service, the three regiments were marched a little distance away from the plat- form to the parade ground. The Testaments for the troops were piled high on tables at each of which stood a major, and presented them to the men as they marched by four abreast, company by com- pany, singing gospel hymns.

Then they once more assembled round the high earth platform and General Ohang gave a stirring talk, and prayed fervently for the men just beginning the Christian life. Then the men held their Testa- ments high above their heads, with the Book open at the passage, "Study to show thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the Word of Trnth" (2 Timothy 2 : 15). It was a scene worth going far to witness: that sea of open Testaments; every right hand in that great audience of nearly 4,000 Ohinese young men" holding fast the faithful Word."

NOTE.-Will not all who read these lines pray fervently for Gen. Feng and his Army; for a gracious revival in China; and for our party as we continue to preach Christ and distribute His Word wherever the Lord may lead' Prayer cards will be sent by The Sunday School Times Company, 1031 W~lnut. St., .Philadelphia, for the use of any who may wish to become prayer-helpers of revlVal m Chma.

MAN'S FINAL DESTINATION By SADHU SUNDAR SINGH, SIMLA, INDIA W E know more than we can ever put into words because we can never explain the whole of our inner consciousness. We have experiences which are beyond our powers of expression, but are not beyond our comprehension. At times, we have an intuition, and lofty thoughts suddenly flash into our minds that have not come from other men nor from the visible world through our senses. How have we been able to come to know these hidden things?

It is evident that our souls are coimected with the spiritual and unseen world, whose light, without our being aware of it, is reflected in our inner selves. Some truths from that other world come to us, but they can be proved only by experience, when we enter into that world, which we now see as in a glass darkly. When we see a thing from a distance, it appears small and indistinct, but when we have come near, we come to know the thing as it really is. No change has taken place in the thing itself, but our knowledge of it has increased. So, step by step, we shall enter into the intimate fellowship of God's immediate presence, and we shall increase in our spiritual knowledge and experience until we arrive at the full recognition of REALITY, "and we shall see Him as He is" (1 Cor. 13: 12, and 1 John 3: 1, 2, 3).

The man who has not seen an apple tree, but has seen only its tiny seed, can never understand that the complete tree-the wood, flowers, and fruit-is all contained in the tiny seed. Under suitable conditions, at the appointed time, the real nature of the apple tree will appear, and all its hidden possibilities will come into perfection. Leaving everything else out of consideration, man does not know what kind of qualities and abilities are hidden in him, but if he walks in fellowship with God and according to Bis will, then he will continue to obtain all necessary aids for his growth, and will reach that state of perfection for which God has created lrim. Then all difficulties and problems will be solved, for "it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that when He shall appear, we shall be like Him, for we shall see Him as He is" (1 .John 3:2).

In the days of our flesh, our understanding and thoughts are limited to the circumference of a very small circle, beyonrl which it is not possible to reach. But in the future world, under the power of love, every faculty of the soul will grow towards perfection.

"The Spirit of the Lord brooded upon the face of the waters." The Spirit of the Lord still broods over human souls and He alone knows the great and glorious beings who will be manifested, and will enjoy the Creator's presence for ever. Countless problems arise as we progress towards perfection which will be solved only in the world to come, but as a chick as yet unhatched may wish to fly, so impatient man wants to solve all his problems in this world. This is premature and impossible. We must run with patience and perform with obedience whatever has been revealed to us to meet our present needs; we must leave all things concerning the future to Him, who will safely bring us to our final destination to be perfect as our Father in heaven is perfect.

of Confucianism In

BY THE LATE R. C. FORSYTH Author of "China Martyrs of 1900," etc.

I T seems clear that Confucius himself never contemplated the founding of any religious syste.m. His mind was eminently practical and he was concerned only about the present life and its relationships. He has nothing to say on anything beyond and above it. "If we know not life what can we know of death," is o~e of his oft-quoted sayings, showing that he neither knew nor cared for anything beyond the actual practicalities of daily life. He put himself in the humble position of a "transmitter" of the doctrines and practices of the ancient sages and he placed the "golden age" of Chinese history in the remote past, holding up to admiration the life and labors of Yao and Shun as the rulers par excellence whose example should be followed.

His efforts to preach righteousness at the courts of the small kingdoms then in existence did not meet with the success he expected; • and the ruler of his own state of Lu gave way to debauchery and drove him from his capital. After weary wanderings for long years he finally came back to his own home and gave up any further attempts to gain official employment. He felt towards the close of his life that he had failed and that the counsel and example he had given to his contemporaries had been rejected and himself slighted and despised by the court and official class. He died a more or less broken' man. "Heaven is destroying me," he exclaimed as he neared his end. His only son died in his old age and his favorite disciple also passed away before him and these successive blows hastened his own decline. It is due to his disciples, especially to the famous M.encius, who lived 108 years later, that his works and influence were established and finally became the paramount system -'n China rmongst the literati, who were the clas<s from whom the ofucials of t"1e King- . dom were selected. One of the most prominent of the defects of Confucianism is the practice of ancestral worship. The res<pect the Chinese show to their parents has been carried to such an excess as to become idolatry. .Offerings and libations are yearly made to the manes of their ancestors at their graves. These graves placed on the small plots of land which have been handed down from their ancestors are a marked feature of the landscape. Ijooking over any extensive coun- try one feels almost in a vast graveyard, so many are the mounds wlrfilh everywhere fill the prospect, and make serious inroads in the. land available for cultivation. Funeral rites are very expensive; the Chinese are wont to spend sums far more than they can reason- 959

ably afford in giving their parents a grand funeral, many often burdening themselves and future generations by incurring heavy debt. The rites performed at the grave are in a sense propitiatory and if neglected the spirits of their dead will supposedly haunt the~ and cause evil to befall them in the form of sickness, disease, or death. The custom of mourning the death of parents for three years, now happily in this new era largely disregarded, has for long centuries laid a heavy hand on the official and literary class, com- pelling them to retire from office or business and ostensibly follow the age-long custom. All this excessive mourning, often only the appearance of grief, affected and still hinders public business and private life.

The Confucian doctrine of the fi1Je relationships: of ruler and subject, husband and wife, father and son, elder and younger brother, and friends is held up as the panacea for all the ills of the state. Their proper observance would, as Confucius taught, bring about universal peace and prosperity. But because of the weakness of human nature these relationships break down at every point. Having no resh:aining and controlling force they have created no appreciable prosperity or peace either at home ,or abroad.

The effect of this doctrine on the life of the nation is to bring the deadly dullness of uniformity like a pall over anything and to hold the people to ancient customs as if squeezed into an iron mould. The horrible cruelty of footbinding among the women is a case in point. This practice, handed down from generation to generation, practically makes cripples for life of countless millions of women who from their earliest years have by invariable custom to submit to binding which nearly cripples them. This cruel custom not even legislation or imperial edict or example has been able to suppress. It is only in the Christian Church that progress has been made in alleviation; under its influence and control the girls are rescued from this life-long torture and deformity.

Confucius had small regard for the sanctity of tru,th. His book, "Spring and Autumn," the only volume he ever wrote, and by which he felt his reputation would be made, is found to be notoriously un- ~ trustworthy. "Ignoring, concealing, and misrepresenting, are its characteristics"; and the want of harmony between the facts and statements about them is plain to all scholars either native or foreign. His example in this book has been most injurious to his country. and lowers our estimate of the character of Confucius and the benefi- cent effect of his teaching. A fair examination of his literary labors does not increase our appreciation of him or of them. F,'rom his time and 'that of his famous follower Mencius the Five Classics and Four Books have been the staple of the studies in all the village schools of China-every word of these books being laboriously com- mitted to memory by every one of these young scholars. The writer

REl8UIil1S OF CONFUCIANISM IN OHINA

has known boys in the village schools to begin their studies at six: in the morning and keep on with intervals for meals till nine o'clock at night in hot, close, stifling rooms usually dark. Eye strain and poor health are the almost invariable result of such continued work.

The memorizing of such an enormous mass of literature by the mechanical process of repetition without at first understanding a word of what is learned has placed the minds of the young scholars under such a crushing burden as clogs and closes them against all new ideas, and deadens later initiative to such an extent as almost to strangle all progress.

The vast mass, of the Chinese people, trained by such methods, is sunk in the grossest ignorance and superstition. In their past proud isolation they have considered and called themselves the "Central Kingdom," believing themselves to be in the center of surrounding barbarian nations, who were so small as to be of no consequence.

Confucianism is therefore chargeable with a most deadening and • depressing influence on the intelligence of the nation. So much did the young,Emperor Kuang Hsu, almost the last ruler of the Manchu dynasty, feel the effect of the Confucian classics on the progress of the nation that by imperial rescript he at one stroke removed from the government examinations the classical essay which usually determined the position of the scholar on the lists of the competitors, and substituted for it the subject of mathematics as taught in the colleges of Western lands as the s.ine qucr non of the successful candidate. This edict was only one of a number of startling innovations by which the Emperor thought to save his nation from decay. These acts so alarmed the conservative literati that the Empress Dowager again asserted her supremacy, compelled the Emperor to resign, and beheaded a number of the ardent reformers on whose advice he had acted. Thus for a time the advance of the nation 'in education and enlightenment was arrested.

Confucius and Confucianism are chargeable with an almost' total disregard for women. Although it is true that both parents were and are reverenced in life, mourned when dead, and to a certain extent feared after death, yet Confucianism is chargeable with ignoring women and girls and leaving them in their ignorance, an easy prey to superstitious practices and crnel customs. The example and teaching of Confucius are largely responsible for this; while he mourned for his mother after her death according to the customs of his time and place, yet he commanded his son to hush his lamentations on the death of his wife. Girls when born into the family are looked on with little favor. They are as a rule not sent to school or allowed to learn to rea(l and write. They have, with the other women of the household, to do the drudgery of the home, and when married have to serve with rigor in the home of the mother~in-Iaw with

whom the married son still lives. Sometimes in wealthy families the girls are taught to read and write along with the boys and then frequently evince superior intelligence, as in the case of the famous Empress Dowager Tsu Rsi, who practically ruled the Chinese Empire for over forty years and proved more than a match for the most intelligent of the ministers of state. But the condition of women and girls in general is such that girl infanticide is common, and suicide one of the most frequent crimes. The women and girls are the stronghold of idolatry, and until they are enlightened Christi- .anity can make small progress in the Kingdom of China. Where Christianity comes then the uplift of the women and girls begins. They are in Chrjstian homes usually allowed to go to school, but as the country is so poor only comparatively few of the boys or girls get any schooling at all.

Again, Confucianism is materialistic. It confines itself to the ordinary affairs of life and knows nothing of the life beyond. Confucius when asked by one of his disciples about death and the hereafter made the remark, already quoted, "If we know not what life is what can we know of death ~"-simply a confession of ignorance. The influence of Confucius has hindered the Chinese as a nation from any desire to know what may be learned of the life to come. Confucianism therefore does not satisfy the heart or soothe the sorrows of those who mourn, or minister to the needs of the spirit which craves for intercourse with the unseen powers. In China the introduction of Buddhism was easily accomplished and had much success owing to its promise of final peace for the soul in the bliss of Nirvana. II Taoism is in reality a conglomeration of dangerous superstitions," although its founder, Laotze, a contemporary of Confucius, is not responsible for many of, the accretions and idolatrous practices introduced from Buddhism which are now identified with it. Alchemy, geomancy, and spiritualism flourished under its shadow and had its roots in the craving of the human heart for intercourse with the unseen which Confucianism did not satisfy. Thus the three forms of religion. Confucianism with its ancestral worship, Taoism with its spiritualism, and Buddhism with its future rewards and punishments were mutually interdependent and could be professed in combination.

Of course these three forms of religion do not exhaust the Pantheon of Chinese belief. Myriads of gods and goddesses are common in all parts of China. Many of the gods were originally famous men who were subsequently deified.

The doctrine of the five relationships is chargeable with the infliction of much evil and hardship on the people of China, e. g., the practice of footbinding among- women, due to subordination and utter neglect of women, untruthfulness in Confucius a fatal blot in

19241 RESULTS OF CONFUCIANISM IN OHINA

his character, education in China paralyzed by Confucian doctrine and practice. Confucianism is condemned by its treatment of women an~ .girls, Confucianism is ma~erialistic which does not satisfy the spIritual nature and thus TaOIsm and Buddhism have been intro- duced to fill this craving.

Any comparison between Jesus Christ and Confucius is utterly unthinkable. Tl!e life of Confucius was a failure as he himself admitted. The conquering might of Christ's life, death and resur- rection is slowly transforming the lives and thoughts of all mankind. True it is that Confucius by his teaching and his life has largely moulded the lives of his own countrymen but the effect has been to strike the nation with paralysis and bind it as in iron fetters. Confucian doctrine has not satisfied the hunger of the heart for intercourse with the unknown God and the unseen world and has thus left.the nation to fall into the idolatries of Buddhism, and the superstitious practices of Taoism.

Confucius did not feel himself a sinner or confess his sins. Our Lord came to make atonement for His people and to save them from their sins, t6 die for their salvation and rise again and ascend to the right hand of God where He ever liveth to make intercession for us.

Confucius was merely a preacher of righteousness. The life of Confucius was in conduct above the average. He does not soil his soul with vice or his body with debauchery but he has given to his countrymen an example of pride and self-complacency which has been too readily followed and has often brought the nation to the brink of destruction. His trust in outward ritual and rules of conduct while helping the practice of decorum does not touch the springs of existence in spiritual matters but leaves these unknown and undesired.

Confucianism has no uplift, for Confucius is dead and buried milleniums ago, leaving indeed his example which is found deficient in truth the foundation of all morality. There is no recognition of the need for the daily cleansing of the soul at the fountain opened for sin and all uncleanness.

Confucianism has laid an intolerable burden on the minds and hearts of the Chinese people. The children in the schools have groaned under the tasks it imposes, which for the most part are of no practical value in daily life and load their fresh minds with a weight grievous to be borne of undigested material, which is of little value in the·· practice of virtue and none in support of the spirit under trial and affiiction and has only been submitted to as it had been made the gateway to official employment in the service of the Government. "By its fruits ye shall know" the doctrine, says our Lord and by this standard Oonfucianism is found wanting.

PRINCE REGENT OF ABYSSINIA, RAS TAFARI

DAY IN ADDIS ABEBA D R AWS A CR,OWD OF 20 ,000

Seen in Abyssinia BY REV. C. S. CLELAND, D.D., PHILADELPHIA, P A. Recording Secretary 0-£ the United Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions ETHIOPIA is the ancient name of this country and the people themselves still prefer this designation. Four years ago, the United Presbyterian Church, at work in the Southern Sudan, extended its field to include the western provinces of Abyssinia. .N station was opened and a hospital established at Sayo, which soon became the center of great activity, especially among the Gallas or pagan people of that region.

After serving for a time in Sayo, Dr. T. A. Lambie, the medical missionary of the United Presbyterian Church, turned his face eastward to visit Addis Abeba, the capital. After a difficult trip of nearly a month, he reached the city and was received by His Highness, Ras Tafari, Prince Regent and actual ruler of Abyssinia. The result of the interview and of others that followed was the softening of official opposition to evangelical missionary work. The Prince consented to have a hospital o'pened in Addis Abeba, and promised to donate a suitable site for this purpose. The building of the hospital has been made possible by an initial gift of $50,000 (subsequently increased to $75,000) from Mr. William S. George of East Palestine, Ohio. When completed, the building will contain one hundred and fifty beds, will be thoroughly equipped, and will probably be the largest structure of any kind in Abyssinia.

965

On the evening of December 28, 1923, Dr. W. B. Anderson and the writer left Aden and crossed the Strait of Babel-Mandeb to Jibuti, the capital of French Somaliland. Here we found ourselves at the gateway of a new and strange vorld. Jibuti is a city of 12,000 people, mostly natives but with many French and some Eng- lish residents. The Somalies are an interesting race, rather war-like, as one would judge from the fact that most of the men carry daggers and guns, but are quickly respon- sive to kind treatment.

It is five hundred miles from Jibuti to Addis Abeba. In 1917 a railroad was built connecting fue two cities. Trains run twice a week, and as they run only by day- light, three days are required for the journey. Early on the morn- ing of December 30th we left Jibuti and for many hours our train puffed slowly up the heavy grade through a wild and desolate coun- try. French Somaliland looks as though, at some remote time, a shower of big, black boulders had fallen, covering the ground to such a depth as to render vegetation almost impossible.

After crossing the Abyssinian border, the road winds in and SLAVES IN ABYSSINIA out amid innumerable extinct vol- canoes and the whole country has Slavery has heretofore preva.iled in Abyssinia, been upheaved and piled on edge. but the Prince has now issued 8. decree abolishing it. Black lava fills the valleys, giving them the appearance of vast coal beds. It is a lonely region with here and there a shepherd or herdsman with a few goats or camels, but the country is too completely burned out to support a large population. Even wild life is scarce-only an occasional jackal, a deer or two, a few small herds of mountain goats, several interesting birds and a species of diminutive antelope that went bounding away and might easily have been mistaken for jack-rabbits.

At six 0 'clock on the second day we reached Hawash, a town on a hill several hundred feet above the Hawash River. This river has one peculiarity-it has no outlet other than the desert sands. It rises among the mountain peaks, and, after flowing two hundred miles or more, suddenly disappears. Strange to say, this stream,

1924J SEEN iN ABYSS!N!A

though it has no connection with larger rivers, is well stocked 'with crocodiles.

New Year's Day, 1924, was our third day out, and as Addis Abeba lies at an elevation of 9,500 feet, more than half of this ascent had to be made during the last day's run. But the higher we got, the better the country became. Great stretches of tillable land lay about us in all directions with here and there a patch of cotton or a small field of corn or wheat. ~ren were in t.he field cutting the wheat by hand and putting it up in small round stacks. When Abyssinia develops, this land will be brought under profitable culti- vation.

Late in the afternoon we reached the crest of the mountain, and saw, still ten or twelve miles distant, the capital of Abyssinia.

When, an hour later, we reached the station, we encountered a tre- mendous throng. At first we thought that the whole city had come out to greet us. It was not we, but the train, that had drawn the crowds. A hissing, puffing locomotive is to Addis Abeba almost what a circus is to an Amer- ican town. Everyone who can possibly reach the station is there FITARARI HAPTA GORGIS to see the train corne in. But the Minister of War. Head of the Conserva- missionaries, the Lambies, the tive Party.

Wests and Miss White, were there to greet us and across the way the mission "Ford" awaited us, as did also the "Overland," belong- ing to the head of the Abyssinian Church Wlho had sent his car to carry us to the mission compound.

As we rode through the city our first impressions were formed.

Addis Abeba has a population of nearly 100,000. Its development apparently has not been along carefully defined lines. Many of the buildings look as though they had just happened. There are all sizes and shapes and materials and styles of architecture. Some look as if they had been built to stand, and others to fall down. The streets are wide, but. as yet unpaved. The shop windows are inter- esting, but the display of goods is quite un-American. The crowds are enormous and t.here are almost as many animals as people- sheep and goats, mules and donkeys, camels and cattle, and dogs -we never saw so many dogs. Thirty-two lay before one house, and Dr. Lambie said it was not a good day for dogs either! Neither man nor beast in Addis Abeba has yet become reconciled to the sight and

sound of an auto. Invari!lbly the approach of the machine is a signal for a panic and stampede. We saw men knocked down and rolled in the dust by mules in their wild flight. But the average Abyssinian does not take such an experience seriously. He rises, shakes the dust from his clothing and smiles as though he rather enjoyed the performance. To the visitor, an auto ride through the streets of Addis Abeba is a continual thrill.

Two miles west of the city lies the mission compound, comprising eight acres on a gently sloping hillside. Originally the plot was a eucalyptus grove and thousands of trees made an almost impenetrable forest. On the mountainside two miles away is an excellent spring from which a fine stream flows through the mission property.

The hospital walls were beginning to rise, made of a beautiful gray sandstone, cut from near-by quarries and brought to the compound on the backs of donkeys. When the hospital is completed, it will bring to Abyssinia a ministry of untold blessing. Heretofore, the people have known little of medical or surgical care. The sick and injured have suffered without hope. Many of these will now find relief .and at the same time will learn of Him who came to bear our sins as well as our sicknesses. '1'he missionaries expect that the hospital will soon also become a training school for doctors and nurses, trained to carry healing to many parts of the country.

Other Christian forces beside the United Presbyterians at work in Addis Abeba are the Seventh Day Adventists, the Swedish Lutherans and the British and Foreign Bible Society. These brethren are dwelling and working together in beautiful harmony and cooperation. Years ago, the Swedish mission came into Abyssinia from Eritrea on the northeastern frontier, but official opposition prevented them from expanding. While awaiting permission to go forward, they gave themselves to the task of translating the Scriptures and of preparing textbooks for use in schools, a service the value of which is just now beginning to be realized.

We were surprised to be invited to visit the Patriarch or Abuna, the head of the Abyssinian Church. He had not been friendly to our mission work and twice, by his orders, the school at Sayo had been closed. However, shortly before our arrival, he had been taken seriously ill, and, in his extremity, had sent for Dr. Lambie. During his recovery he and the doctor became fast friends, and hearing that we were in the city he insisted that we should visit him. For a half hour we sat at his bedside and through an interpreter talked of the things in which we were mutually interested.

The Abyssinian Church is nominally Christian. It traces its origin to the Ethiopian eunuch. Some claim that the Apostle Matthew visited the country and planted the Gospel in that soil. Be this as it may, the Church has lost its spiritual power and its priests are for the most part ignorant and corrupt. They are supported by

SEEN IN ABYSSINIA

public taxation and most of the political intriguing, so manifest in Abyssinia, has its origin with the priests. They form the reactionary party, and little progress toward better things can be expected so long as their power continues. We came from our interview with the aged Patriarch with the prayer that the whole Abyssinian Church, priests and people, may be quickly restored to apostolic purity and power.

Perhaps the crowning event of our sojourn in Addis Abeba was the interview with His Highness, Ras Tafari, the Reigning Prince. He sent word that he would be pleased to entertain us at dinner on the evening of January 5th. Arriving at the palace, we passed between two lines of soldiers to the veranda where servants took our hats and coats. We were then ushered into a small room and THE NEW PARTIALLY-COMPLETED AMERICAN MISSION HOSPITAL IN ADDIS ABEBA welcomed by two prOIninent officials, one of whom was Ras Nado, recently instrumental in securing the admission of Abyssinia into the League of Nations. In a few minutes the door opened and we were shown into a large, brilliantly lighted drawing-room, simply but elegantly furnished. Here the Prince awaited us. In stature, he is rather small but he has a refined and intelligent face, and his manner is so gracious that one instantly feels at ease in his presence. After a few moments of conversation through an interpreter, we were summoned to dinner in a large room, finely decorated and furnished.

The table was a vision of beauty, and the menu such as one would expect in any first-class Western hotel. Later in the evening, the Prince entertained us with moving pictures, mostly of Abyssinian scenes and intensely interesting. '

The Prince seemed friendly to Christian missions, especially in their medical and educational branches. In addition to having do- nated the site for the new hospital, he is preparing to beautify the 3

grounds and to supply the buildings with running water. He is anxious that a girls' school shall be established, and promises to encourage the work in every way possible. He is also interested in industrial work and recently imported American farm machinery, asking that one of the missionaries be set apart for a time to supervise its inauguration. The Prince is an intelligent and progressive ruler, fully aware that Abyssinia is far behind Western nations in material development, but anxious for an immediate advancement. America is his ideal. On the walls of the palace reception room hang portraits of Presidents 'Wilson and Harding, for both of whom the Prince has great admiration. He said that it was his earnest hope that he might have the counsel and support of America in his efforts to establish a ;just and stable government. He has an open. door, but there are many adversaries. The priests, whose influence is so great, are not progressive, and oppose all innovations. The missionaries are the Prince's friends and may be counted upon to give their cordial support to every measure that looks to the material and spiritual betterment of Abyssinia'S ten millions of people. For centuries Ethiopia has been in darkness. Now she is stretching out her hands unto God. Like other nations, she needs the Gospel. It.is her only hope.

MTSS ISABELLE BLAIR AND THE FIRST AMERICAN MISSION SCHOOL IN ABYSSINIA

Rural Church under the

BY RALPH A. FELTON, ITHACA, NEW YORK Department of Rnral Social Organization, Cornell University T HE surveys which the Bureau of Social and Religious Re- search have just completed are causing a considerable stir, for they reveal some startling facts. Reading some portions of them is like taking a cold plunge on a wintry day. After listening to Home Mission speeches about "the far-flung frontier," "isolated communities," "unchurched regions," "unmet needs," "our great challenge," and the" statesmanship of the church," it is somewhat perplexing and disconcerting to read in one o~ those survey reports that" It is quite apparent that in these counties most of the home mission aid which is now granted could be withdrawn without any danger whatsoever of leaving communities with inadequate religious facilities." This statement refers of course only to certain sections and should not be applied to all Home Mission fields.

A secretary of one large II orne Mission board has protested against the use of the funds of the Board in any way not strictly "according to the principles of Christian ethics." In other words, he wishes the money used for pioneer work in really neglected fields and needed enterprises. Another Home Mission board secretary has also spoken out against "unwise and unnecessary expenditure of Board funds" and has made public the facts that, in some cases, call for a revision of budgets. These criticisms and warnings are mild compared with some of the statements made in the reports of this Committee on Social and ReligiDus Surveys. This report says of certain Home Mission fields, "on a careful examination of all the data at hand it seems that 149 of the 211 aided churches in these counties might be dispensed with to the general advantage of the religious life in their communities and to the greater glory of the Kingdom of God."

These" rural surveyors" who would revise some of our ecclesi~ astical" traditions are men whose record in Christian work should command confidence. John R. Mott is the chairman of the Committee; other members are President Faunce, of Brown University, Dr. Kenyon L. Butterfield, for years President of Massachusetts CoIlege of Agriculture, Dr. James L. Barton of the American Board of Foreign Missions, Dr. Ernest D. Burton, long a trusted church administrator, and Mr. Raymond B. Fosdick, a layman of wide experience. The committee is most sympathetic and friendly in its attitude toward the country church and desires the greatest success for Christian work in America. The men who directed these surveys are Edmund deS. Brunner, a professional "fact-finder," entrusted with many interdenominational undertakings, and Mr. Hermann N.

971

Morse who has perhaps done more actual survey work than any other two or three men. He is the" dean of all church doctors, ,, in actually diagnosing the diseases which afflict town and country churches. He is an officer of a large Home Mission Board and heads up the "Bu- reau of Research" in his denomination.

The surveys are careful and reliable but they reveal some un- pleasant facts and may have an unfortunate reaction. For example, when we read that "the average period during which aid has been granted to home mission churches is a little more than eight years" a contributor to mission funds may say, "That is long enough! I'll stop giving." When a Home Mission secretary reads that "Barely one-half of the aided churches employ a budget system, about the same proportion use weekly envelopes and an annual every-member canvass," he may say, "We will cut off the gifts to those churches that have not a satisfactory budget system and are not doing their share toward self-support." But any blame that attaches to these cases may belong not to the church but to the administrators. Has anyone taught these churches how to put on an every-member canvass1 The'over-worked administrator may have had more than he could do in the routine of his office and has had no time for detailed supervision. Few realize the time, energy and prayer that the average Board secretary gives to his task, often trying to do the work of ten men so as to cut down "administrative expenses."

There is need for great wisdom in the use of mission funds and it would be a great calamity to Home Mission work if contributors should stop their giving or decrease their contributions. Do you realize that only 15 per cent of all town and country churches have a resident pastor-most of them because they cannot afford them~ Would you take the support of the pastors now in charge of these rural churches 7 One community out of seven has no Protestant church whatever. There is certainly still much home mission work to be done. In only one county out of 179 is 50 per cent of its population enrolled in its churches. vVho would propose to stop giving to the work of Ohristianizing rural America? One home missionary out of every three is obliged to supplement his meager salary by work at some other task besides building the Kingdom of God. We have sent him out to the front lines to extend and. build up the Kingdom; shall we then keep back the supplies 7 Only half of your home missionaries are supplied with a place in which to live and the average cash salary. paid to them is only $1,150 a year. This is less for the support of a man and his family and the education of his children, than most business men pay their stenographers. In some cases the high school teacher in the same town is getting double the salary of the minister of the Gospel. One third of the Home Mission churches in the open country have no Sunday-schools. How can we consistently pray for. the evangelization of the world

THE RURAL llHURCH UNDER THE MICROSCOPE

if we neglect the religious needs of these rural communities7 If we give these churches the full time of a resident minister they have a fifty per cent better chance for growth.

What is the trouble with the country church1 Briefly, the trouble, in most instances, is the same as the farmer has with his crops-it is one of distribution. Apples rot on the ground in west- ern New York or northern Ohio while within a hundred miles of these orchards people eat apples shipped all the way' from Oregon. One market is glutted with a certain crop and in the next city it is not to be found. Sectarianism has glutted the market in some towns while vast areas are left untouched. Home Mission boards must cooperate and local churches must do the same. Where Methodists compete with the Presbyterians a pastor must Serve a circuit in- stead of a station. These survey reports show that if the Presby- terian pastor would take all the people in the upper end of a given valley and the Methodist would take the lower end then both churches would have a fifty per cent better chance of growing. Only sixteen per cent of town and country churches have the services of a full time resident minister, nineteen per cent have a part time resident minister, fifty-two per cent have a non-resident preacher and the remainder have none at all. This is usually because three fifths of these churches are competing with some other Protestant church similar to it in purpose and in creed.

The Boards find it difficult to change this situation because they are not" service agencies," but are the collectors and disbursers of funds. If one Board could employ enough people adequately to look after the way its money is spent, to supervise new buildings, to teach aid-receiving churches how to put on an every-member canvass and make out a budget, then a general cry would go up from the denomination to "cut down administrative expenses." Most religious people will not admit it, but they would rather give a little money to an unsupervised cause, if it is far enough away, rather than to give sufficient money for expert supervision. lVe prefer to look at our missions through a telescope rather than through a microscope.

Let us see if this statement is really true. One of the large denominations employed a "Rural Church Secretary" to be a preacher of "Modern Methods" to its rural pastors. But in order to see that he had enough work to do his Board made him "Secretary of Rural Work and Social Service." They were not ready to allow him to give all his time to their ten thousand rural churches. Another great denomination has a Superintendent of Rural Work who has made an enviable record, but they are asking him now to give more and more of his time to "raising the benevolences." An- other Board employed a "Secretary for Rural Work" but he was not

considered a success because he interfered too much with "things as they have always been."

Most of our church members do not yet want Boards to be service agencies and so conditions remain ~nsatisfactory. For example, one Home Mission Board established a great Bureau of Architecture to give advice regarding church building's and parsonages. Notwithstanding that these surveys show that "churches with three rooms or more make proportionately from 50 to 300 per cent better records" than in one room buildings, yet this great denomination recently did away with its Bureau of Architecture to "cut down administrative expenses."

Missions, like patriotism, is not primarily a matter of money. We must discuss service more than the bonus. To remedy the conditions which these surveys reveal our Home Mission Boards must be great service institutions, not simply collecting and disbursing agencies. These surveys show that only one third of our rural churches put on an every member canvass, but the churches in this group have from 12 to 100 per cent larger per-capita contributions than the others. Why should not a Mission Board have experts to help churches that petition for a money granU Only 35 per cent of all town and country churches have young people's societies. Should not Mission Boards give aid in organizing these in the other 65 per cent 7 Only 39 churches out of the 1,047 studied have boys' organizations. Does not the" passing on a grant" seem insignificant compared to a great service program for these boys7 Has not the' time come for the great denominational bodies to go to rural people with a larger and more effective service program 7 The Seiyawa Tribe of Western Nigeria BY c. F .. BEITZEL, BUNUr-.ru, WEST NIGERIA, AFRICA Missionary of the Sudan Interior Mission T HIS is a large pagan tribe to the southeast of Lake Chad. There are about 25,000 of them, close neighbors to our tribe (the Jarawa) and situated directly south of us. They live in small villages of 50 to 1,000 people each, and so near together that they give the country the appearance of a large, scattered city. This is why most of the towns are too small to appear on the maps.

The first place I visited was a large native market of about 4,000 natives. Many of them ran down the road to meet me and saluted me as "Lion," "King of the world," "Conqueror," etc., as they usually address a white man. After I had answered their salutations I asked them to be quiet as I was the "white Teacher" who had come to tell them" the good news of Jesus." I began by singing:

19241 THE SEIYAWA TRIBE OF WESTERN NIGERIA

I'Jesu ya oaf smnmaniva, J esu ya shigo suniva .Tesu ya ji tausayina Mai-Chetona.

"Jestl ya dauke laifina J esu ya sha wahalata Jesu ya mutu domina Mai-Chetona. "

In English it means: "Jesus left heaven; He entered the world, and feels pity for us. He is my Saviour. Jesus bore my sin; He took my trouble, He died for me. He is my Saviour."

Then' followed a simple gospel message to which they listened attentively. I went to the Chief's place for the night and again preached to a large crowd which he had called together. The next morning they began gathering at daybreak. So I gave them God's Message again. That day I preached seven times, ollce at each village we visited. My voice was nearly gone at night but it was a great joy to give them the Gospel for the first time!

Some of the rivers were up, the rainy season having started. At one place after much coaxing I persuaded two men to carry me across. There was a mixed crowd of men and women there so I could not remove my clothing and wade across. We started with me on the shoulders of two men. All went well till we reached deep water, then one of them slipped and I dropped in the water with my only clothes on me. But the sun dried me as I went on my way rejoicing that it was no worse.

At another place I spoke and afterward offered prayer during which I heard an old man keep repeating, "Jesu, J esu," as though he could not get away from the spell of that charming Name he had heard for the first time. The place where I stayed that night was the scene of a big feast and drinking. Let us not judge these people too harshly as no one had ever told them of a better way. When I arrived they crowded around to hear the sweet story of Jesus and a better way of life. They also gathered at daybreak the next morning to hear once again before I left.

The women were much afraid and ran away to hide, while the children cried when I approached. Even chickens would scream and take for cover. Some of the people whom I met along the native trails are so frightened at my bicycle that they are panic-stricken and spill and break the loads on their heads.

Many of the chiefs want to send boys. to our school at Bununu but their super-lords who rule over them will not allow it. They want to keep them in ignorance for fear of losing control over them.

While on this trip the people gave me chickens, milk, several dozen eggs, honey, onions, etc., to show their appreciation. They need white teachers to "sit down" with them as they express it, and lead them faithfully in the way of "righteousness and true holiness!"

Work of the Africa Inland

EXTRACTS FROM THE ANNUAL REPORTS 1923 TO 1924 T HIS independent mission was founded nearly thirty years ago (in 1895) by Peter Cameron Scott, and is conducted along the lines of the China Inland Mission. It is a so-called undenominational "Faith Mission" but without the peculiarities that characterize some of these. Its purpose is to do pioneer evangelistic work in districts thus far unevangelized. The growth of the Mission has been remarkable for it has now over two hundred missionaries (172 American, 33 British and 2 French) located in farly-five stations, among twenty-two tribes, speaking twenty-five different lan- guages or dialects. The districts occupied are in Kenya Colony, Tanganyika Territory, Uganda, French Equatorial Africa and Bel- gian Congo. The expenditures last year amounted to $150,842, all re- ceived without direct appeals and from no regular denominational sources. There are now some 1,700 church members enrolled, 2,000 catechumens, 282 native evangel- ists and teachers, 1,600 hospital pa- tients and 2,380 pupils in schools. Twenty-eight years ago the founder of the Africa Inland Mission was given the vision of a chain of stations upon the higher altitudes stretching from Mombasa to Lake Chad. Today in the providence of God, a chain of forty-five stations reaches from Mukaa, in Kenya Colony, to Bafuka in the Belgian Congo. For the past two or three years careful plans and much prayer have been applied by the Mission to the problem of advance into French Equatorial Africa. It was known that advance into this territory would require the surmounting of difficulties more exacting and complex than any that had yet been experienced, but, in the goodness of God, the first advance has been made possible this year. Early in the new year a small reconnoitering party set out from Aba to investigate conditions, and to consider sites suitable for a mission station in that section of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and north of the Belgian Oongo. On January 24th there set out from Bordeaux, M. and Mme. Forissier, first missionaries of the French Oouncil of the Mission, and Mr. and Mrs. Boyson, missionaries of the American Council, to proceed to Matadi, and thence up the Congo River to Bangui and Zemio.

976 Thirteen years ago the Mission commenced a new advance into the Belgian Congo; today there are in that territory twenty-one stations and sixty-five missionaries, and hundreds of converts. What seemed impossible, chimerical, impracticable then, has been made possible by God in these brief years.

The last annual report of the General Director, Rev. Charles E. Hurlburt, contains the following interesting information: "Few, if any of our missionaries can hope to be as useful in general evangelism as the native evangelists. Even if, with rare ability, and after years of study, he knows the language as well as the native, he will not until yet further years be as familiar with native habit and custom, and even then it is difficult for the untaught native to believe that the white man's experience can become theirs…… .

"When beginning work in a tribe the missionary must do all the work of evangelism, teaching, etc., but also must look forward to the time we have now reached, at all but the very newest stations, when his work must be the pushing forward of native helpers and their development as the God-called and spirit-filled leaders of their own people. The development has not been swift nor sudden. Slowly, often painfully, the missionary has been teaching, training, developing his native helper, until now a company more than twice as numerous as the missionaries compels our attention and demands our thoughtful sympathy and prayer. Our report shows over 400 natives, nearly all men, giving their whole life and time, beside an uncounted force still in the first stages of training and giving only part time to mission work. None of the 400 has gone beyond the need of training and of supervision, and it will be realized that the greatest responsibility resting upon the Mission is the further training and equipment of these native helpers, who must be the real leaders and evangelists in the building of the native Church…… .

" As converts have been gathered, the desire to be able to read has inereased so rapidly that Missions have been unable to meet the demand. Well equipped eentral sehools under the direetion of well trained educators are a necessity, the urgeney of which cannot easily be exaggerated.

"Governments, which have been indifferent and have left education of the natives to the missions to be done as they pleased, are now aroused, and in some cases are imposing such high standards as cannot be met save by highgrade teachers and the best equipment. A large proportion of our native helpers may soon be forbidden to teach if we are not able to raise their grade to standard through these central schools. Only very elementary schools are known in Central and East Africa. In every part of the Africa Inland field, boys and girls, and often elders and chiefs are coming to the Mission asking for schools for themselves or their children. There is need and demand fol' from 20 to 100 of such schools surrounding nearly everyone of our forty-four stations. The cheap shelters put up, often through the unselfish economies of individual missionaries, must now be replaced by better buildings, giving a required air space for each pupil, and must be equipped with needed school material and be taught by men holding prescribed grade certificates.

"The cry of the people is for the Mission to give them. their schook No other equa~ opportunity' ~o give the Gos'pel to the people is offered in Africa. From these schooll! nearly 'all of our convet'll! have come.

"If we fail to enter, government schools will be opened, with non-missionary teachers. The people, believing the Mission has failed them will turn to these teachers, who may not know, or openly oppose, Our Lord and Saviour, and such villages will become more difficult to evangelize than the untaught, wild people…… .

"In most cases the Mission's out-schools, where the Gospel is always preached, are near the mission stations and the native teaeher may return to the missionary every day, or onee a week, for instruetion and help. Some, however, are 100 or more miles distant, and the native teaeher may eome to the station only once in six months or a year. For such schools men who are very strongly grounded in the Truth and in holy living are needed…… .

"From our various stations we have received reports of the work of native evangelists. In one instance, laek of means proved an ineentive to work in a new district. The missionary writes: 'We have opened eight new out-sehools this year and have pressing requests for as many more, and with a little seeking for openings we could doubtless open about twenty more in suitable locations. An eneouraging feature of these openings. is that they are due in a large measure to the work of the native teaehers.'

"Nor are physieal limitations proving too great for eager souls to press on to fuller knowledge. 'We have a touching case,' a missionary writes, 'A blind boy, blinded through smallpox, heard the Gospel in his village school, and has learned by heart all the seripture verses in the book and all the hymns. He is now on the station, and greatly desires to be baptised; his brightness and his prayers make his life a testimony for God.'

"Work of an extensive and intensive nature fills the hours of yet another missionary who says: 'Many thousands of villages have been visited and the Gospel has been preaehed in the different languages, while we have a large number of the station who are learning the way and preparing for the time when we shall be able to open other schools. Quite a few who had been written off as backsliders have eome back, and given evidence of wanting to get right with God again.'

"The sorrows of Darkest Africa and the delivering power of the Gospel are brought into sharp eontrast by this story: 'Another one is a eripple girl.

Had she been born a white girl, she would have erutehes to help her along,

THE WORK OF THE AFRICA INI,AND MISSION

but as she is just a black girl, she has to crawl on her hands and knees. Her village life had not been very happy. She 'Aad to do most of the grinding of the grain, and, too, her father and brothers knew she would never bring them in many sheep or goats. Hearing the Word of God in an out-school she wanted to come to the Mission station, ni.ne miles away. There was no way for her to get here, and she could not ask the people in her village to carry her in. They would have laughed at her and hindered her from coming. So, one morning she started alone for the station, coming all the wayan her hands and knees. It is now over seven months since she came, and she is quite happy to be here; but, best of all, she has come to know Him Who is "no respecter of persons" …… '

"The vivid inspiration and thought-life of the African have often been referred to; even in prayer they think in pictures: One of our teachers desired prayer that he may be more earnest in seeking the lost, 'bringing them into the fold of Jesus, the Good Shepherd,' and we felt that his desire was real, for he sat for some time after his request quietly weeping. This same teacher prayed for us (the missionaries) one day, that God would make us 'comely pillars in His house; not like the pillars of wood that the white ants eat and they give way and let the house fall, but pillars of hewn' stone, strong and comely.'

"The missionary's task in shepherding the flock of God, watching, guiding, teaching, and leading on to full growth and life and service emerges in this report: 'About three years ago, upon my arrival at the station, – – was the sheep and goat boy. My first recollection of him is the day when I met him down in the grass where he was herding the sheep and goats, and on my asking him the name of the native musical (?) instrument, he cheerfully gave it.

" 'The next instance which caused me to notice him was when he came to one of the missionaries on the station and asked help out of his difficulty regarding his morning prayers. The difficulty was that the cook boy laughed when he prayed. He went bravely on, taking everything, as far as one could tell, to God in prayer. The weather, gardens, and school work, everything was something to pray about, and every new trial was an opportunity to pray to God. One time he had to be punished, but he confessed his wrongdoing as sin, and went on rejoicing after having asked God to wash hifl heart clean in the blood of Jesus. As time has gone on he has been, although not as bright as some of the others, very studious and diligent in his studies, which, with his consecration, made it possible for us to send him out as an evangelist. Being also a teacher, he has been sent to the villages to teach and preach and also with a man who has had charge of the out-school in the local chief's village for about a year.

" 'At present he is one who is able to catechize the younger Christians on the station; of course under supervision. We do not know what the future holds for him, but we do know that the future Church will need a pastor, elders, etc. Does it not lie with us to pray that God will make him mighty among his own people who need the message from and through a fully yielded man?'

"Longing after something deepe'r than fruitfulness-even spiritual fragrance is told in the story of, 'A Bible woman, and teacher in the station school who rose and offered a testimony, voicing her desire for the year just opening. Among other good things, she said that she desired her home during thifl year to be to her family and all who might visit her, comparable to a corner of Heaven. She wanted her parents who live with her, and her two children to realize through the coming days that a new spirit rules that home, the Spirit of Life and Righteousness, and she asked the prayers of God's

people that she may be given grace to shed that new spirit upon all who come to her house.' ….. .

"The missionary is not alone in denying himself for Christ's sake; it is inseparable to all true gospel witness. 'The people are as a rule not eager for the Gospel, so these teachers have a hard time to buy food; often being forced to pay double price, as they are strangers and in the employ of the white man, who has plenty of money! (1). The teachers go out to the villages early in the morning and do not return to camp until late afternoon. Then they must grind the grain, hunt firewood, and cook their own meal.'

"During the year the entire New Testament in Masai has been printed. The New Testament in Kinyamwezi has been sent to the press, and will be issued soon. The beginnings have been made in many other languages, and some very substantial progress has been made during the past year…… .

"Work for native girls in the various homes has been carried on in the midst of unusual difficulties, but its imporlance was never more manifest than at the close of this year of work. The oppression of native chiefs who seek to force girls, who desire to be Christians, into the wicked and debasing customs of their tribes, has proven a time of testing for some Christians, and of very great anxiety to those who are seeking to save young girls from such dangers. Girls' homes have been like 'Cities of Refuge' to many.

"In view of the grave needs mentioned above, and of innumerable problems we ask every friend of Africa Inland Mission to pray in expectant faith for: 1. Such a manifestation of Divine power and favor as shall enable us to meet all the needs for educational work. 2. For missionaries to fill the gaps made by sickness, death and furloughs, and to open the new station mentioned above, and to give relief to many over-worked missionaries who greatly need helpers. 3. For more native helpers in every part of the field. 4. That they may be led to seek and find that fullness of the Holy Spirit's presence and work, which shall make them more effective than they have ever been before. 5. That every missionary and home worker may seek and not rest until there is found individually the same realized blessing of the Holy Spirit's controlling presence and power."

PRAYER FOR A LIFE OF LIBERTY By HOWARD W. POPE, Chicago Unveil my eyes that I may see All that Thou haRt in store for me; Unstop my ears that I may hear Thy kind reproof, or words of theer.

Unloose mv tongue that I may give Thy message, and some soul may live. Unbind my feet that they may run On Merey'8 errands for Thy Son.

Inspire my mind that. I may see The fullness of Thy love for me. Anoint my heart that I may feel Thy sympathy with woe or weal.

Accept and use me in Thy way, To hasten on the glorious day When all the earth shall hear Thy Word, And know Thy Way of Life, 0 Lord.

Influence of Islam in

BY REV. WM. N. WYSHAM Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions W HEN one studies the Persia of today, it is striking to see how thoroughly Islam has done its work. It has even blighted the landscape. The Arab invaders destroyed great libraries, marvelous rock sculptures, and priceless artistic treasures of the glorious Persia of the past, and left us only ruins in their stead. Countless miles of destroyed aqueducts testify to the fertile Persia of ancient days, where one now traverses only great desert stretches. Islam's seclusion of women has hidden the gardens of the rich, and almost every remaining beauty spot, behind high mud walls of deadening sameness. Its fatalism has blighted all desire for material progress in the common people, and oftentimes all true patriotism in the educated and more favored. Some one has said, only too well so far as Persia is concerned: "Islam has always sprung from or tended towards a desert." • Islam has blighted the beauty of the home in Persia. No better word than "blight" can describe the veiling of women which Mohammedan law ordained. One catches glimpses now and then of the picturesque, colorful dress of the few remaining Zoroastrian women, who still wear what must have been the costume of ancient Persia, but all Mohammedan women today are concealed behind closely-drawn black veils from all eyes but those of their nearest relations. Not only is the grace and beauty of Persia's womanhood completely hidden, but polygamy, with its divided households, has destroyed all happy family life as well. The religion of Mohammed has kept the very word "home" out of the Persian language.

Islam has blighted the beauty of the soul in Persia. One of the proud~st virtues of the Persian of old was his love for truth, but a lower· standard came in with the Arab conquest, and now far, far too many Persians are liars. The great statesmen of the past have shrunk down too often into vacillating, bribe-taking sycophants who know not the meaning of integrity. Islam from its inception prohibited all freedom of thought, and has shrivelled the Persian's brilliant mind so that today poetry is almost nauseating in its repetitions and its sameness, and original literature has disappeared. In the same way, religious thinking has for centuries been only traditionalism, resulting in nothing except bigotry and persecution.

But the saddest thing of all is the blight on the religious life of Persia. Christians cannot realize its dreary barrenness. Islam, it is true, believes in one God, a system of rewards and punishments, a heaven and a hell, but how utterly it lacks all that makes our faith 981

one of beauty, joy, peace, and hope I As a matter of fact, Islam is not so much a religion of false doctrine as a woefully poverty-stricken one. Did you ever think of your assurance of forgiven sin, your certainty of a Divine Saviour, your privilege of a spiritual fellowship with Christ, your call to help a needy brother, your sure hope of an endless life, as beautiful things, as close akin to inspi.red songs and rare masterpieces f Perhaps not, but they are, nevertheless-all emanating from that wondrously beautiful revelation of a God who loves. Islam is totally lacking in the beauty and joy of music and art, and also in that far more wondrous beauty of the Father God. So all life in Persia has been pinched and cramped and shorn of its finest things by the blight of Islam, and little but narrowness, sordidness, and ugliness remain.

• Persia has not easily succumbed to the blight of Islam. For centuries she fought the deadening influence. Her Aryan people have almost always been the ferment of new movements within the Moslem world. Every great poet, including Omar Khayyam, was a heretic to orthodox Mohammedanism. Many of the leaders in the Golden Age of Islam, with its center at Bagdad, were Persian princes and men of genius. Essentially artistic, the Persian was forced out of the usual broad highway of art into bypaths, and found expression" for his genius in architecture, illuminated manuscripts, and rare designs burned into his unique tiles and woven into his famous rugs. In religion, Persia has been the hotbed of endless heresies and sects, and the Persian branch of Islam has even fashioned an imitation Passion Play in the attempt to satisfy its soul hunger. It is pathetic to note this as one reads history, but more pathetic to see how, with the centuries, her struggles have gradually lessened, until today one might feel that the life is gone, and the blight of Islam has finished its work.

But God never wearies of putting the love of the true and the beautiful into human hearts-whether it be in art or in life, and herein is Persia's hope. Fifty years ago a Kurdish boy in Persia's niountains, born with the talent for drawing, secretly traced rude animals on rocks and bits of paper until one day his parents discovered it. Telling him that, according to Moslem law, he must give life to these creations in the resurrection, they beat him unmercifully until all desire to draw died within him. Years later this same boy found the truth and beauty that is in Christ, and today is one of the most honored physicians in Teheran, a fearless and devoted servant of Jesus Christ. But here is the really significant thing. His son, born with his father's talent, and blessed with a Christian education, is now deriving his chief pleasure in life by painting charming watercolors· of Persia's marvelous mountain scenerv.

Christ has come to Persia, and instead ~f being blighted forever, this old land has a future radiant with hope. Beginning with

TE.E INFLUENCE OF ISLAM IN PERSIA

the bare framework of Islam's meager truth, the American Presbyterian missionaries are trying by every possible means to add all the true and beautiful things of the riches of Christ. To this good news Persians are responding more wholeheartedly than perhaps any other Moslem people, since unconsciously they have waited centuries for this very thing. As yet the movement is small, but everywhere the new life is apparent. Little children crowd into the mission compound to Sunday-school, and incidentally to unaccustomed but rollicking play in the mission garden. Older girls in the American school throw off the hated veil for many joyful hours daily, and one hears their happy voices behind the great wall as they join in some song which their American teachers have translated for them. Boys forget their dignity and allow their Persian coat tails to fly in the wind' while they race after a football in a new game they never dreamed of before. Some Persians are even learning how to sing, though at times it seems as if their sense of harmony was gone beyond recall.

All these are significant symptoms, but even more significant is the fact that ,Christ has redeemed human lives. Men have read God's Word for the first time, and a new gleam of joy and hope comes into their eyes as they are convicted by its beauty and truth. Women have found a Saviour who can give them inward peace and happiness, even though custom still compels the veil and outward subjection to men. School boys and girls have learned the joy of 'the clean heart, and a new standard of morals without a single impurity or flaw. Here and there a whole family is broadcasting through its community the radiance of a happy Christian home. Little groups of believers have experienced the blessings of Christian fellowship, and their lives are luminous with hope, for they have been born again.

In Persia today the poverty and the blight of Islam are face to face with the riches and the new life of .Jesus Christ, and who doubts which will eventually prevail? Surely the same Christ who has inspired our best art and music and material blessings, who has given us spiritual life and hope, can bring beauty back to Persia and make her deserts bloom, can arouse her from material stagnation, mental torpor, and moral decay, and can fill her drugged soul with newness of life.

NEW HOPE OF RELIGIOUS LIBERTY IN PERSIA Although Persia has a constitutional government, Islam is the national religion and religious minorities have had few real rights. The Armenians and Zoroastrians of the country have been permitted but one representative each in the Persian Parliament and the Jews none at all. Only a few months ago there was a threatened massacre of the Jews in the capital city, and the Mohammedan law prescribing death for all Moslems who become Christians is theoretically still

in effect. While there is a spirit of tolerance in some parts of the country, there is also much petty persecution of religious minorities. They suffer constant injustice, they can never count on their property as really safe, and the specter of possible fanatical outbursts is always present. This constant feeling of uneasiness is illustrated by the case of a wealthy Armenian who recently rented one floor of his mansion to the American Consulate for a nominal sum in order to have the American flag flying over his home.

n is possible that the death of Major Robert W. Imbrie, Amer- ican vice-consul in Teheran, Persia, at the hands of a mob in July last may have as one result the ushering in of religious liberty in, Persia. The murder shows how easily fanaticism can burst forth; and result in bloodshed. Shrewd Persian politicians have often capitalized religious zeal for their own ends, and mob violence" has frequently been instigated in order to discredit the party in power. There is little doubt that the Imbrie incident was not a spontaneous expression of religious fervor, but that political schemers stirred up the mob who made Major Imbrie their unfortunate victim. Some say that l1e was mistaken for a Bahai and others that the rumor was spread that he was a European who had poisoned the well at a sacred shrine.

Mohammedan fanaticism, manipulated for political ends and with religious minorities as their prey, is more dangerous than dynamite. The 'foreign legations in Teheran made a point of this in their notes to the Persian Government after the Imbrie murder, and in their protest stressed not only the necessity of punishment for the culprits and protection for foreigners in Persia, but demanded safety for the religious minorities. The Persian Government has shown itself most anxious to make amends in order to keep the friendship of America. Its reply contained a strong assertion promising full religious liberty in Persia. While this is only a promise, it is nevertheless a great step forward, and some day the promise will become a fact. When once an ideal is formulated and publicly expressed, a large part of the battle to attain it has been won. Many of the Persians themselves are anxious to see complete religious freedom and immunity from persecution.

Major Imbrie's widow has evidenced a praiseworthy spirit towards the land where her husband was killed and is reported to have said that nothing could console her more than the thought that his death was the means of bringing religious freedom in Persia. Christians in America may well join with her in that hope and prayer. Even in the face of severe opposition and persecution the Gospel of Christ has made remarkable progress in Persia. There is reason to believe that if all are given the privilege to worship God according to the dictates of their own consciences, then there will be a tremendous advance in the Church of Jesus Christ in Persia.

'BBST

EDITED BY MRs. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHr.ENBERG BLDG., PHII,ADELPHIA, P A.

MODERNIZING MISSIONARY METHODS T HERE is no modernized commission. Our Lord's command: "Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel" has stood unaltered for two thousand years. There is no modernized plan of salvation-" For there is none other name under heaven given among men whereby we must be saved."

The Christ of our salvation is an unehanging Christ-"Jesus Christ the same, yesterday, today and forever."

But in earrying out the unehanging eommission to give an unehanging plan of salvation through an unchanging Lord and Saviour, to an ever-changing world, we may use every mo~ern discovery and method. .

The men and women who insist on carrying on mission work exactly according to the methods of our fathers should be required to forego street cars, telephones, cables, air mail service, and radio in their daily living and to revert to stage coaches and ox carts or to cavedwelling customs.

lVGssionary methods may be modernized without becoming devitalized or despiritualized.

A NEW KIND OF ELEOTRIC MAP colors are best. Any good dye powder The direetions for making an elec- or paste-olive-brown, grass-green, tric wall map will apply to every and a light blue-maY' be dissolved in electric map whatever the size may be. cold water and diluted with boiling water to the desired shade. The blue The map should be clearly printed should be a sky blue and the green in black but without the names of almost a Nile green. Any good atlas places marked. The seas and rivers will furnish a model for the coloring. are outlined and the location of the principal cities is indicated by dots. 'fhe next step is making the mount The necessary materials can easily for the map. A frame should be made of well-seasoned pine, 1 ineh by 2~ be obtained by anyone wishing to inches, with eorners mortised and make the map. The work should be stayed by iron corners screwed on to done by junior or intermediate boys keep it firm. This frame must be the with an adult leader. After the map size of the map. For the surface to is finished the boys may construct a box for it. to keep the map in good put over the frame, some kind of order. heavy composition board is better than wood, as it is less likely to warp The first thing is to color the seas and can be bought in one piece. light blue, then color the geographical divisions to distinguish them. Next After the map is glued smoothly the mountains and hills may be shaded if desired. The highest mountains on the frame, make a list of the places should be quite dark, Transparent that you wish to have on the map. Mount a printed eopy of the names 985 4

o llllJJ1Jjjjl~lJ >< xX><XXx xxx XXXXX r—~————————–~.~ o o A A-Pointer I H-Polnter II D & E-TeJepbone Wire C-Dry Cell Battery B-Flashllgbt Bulb

BES'f METHODS

of places on the left side of the map, expected places like (y and z). Or taking care to have them 80 spaced you may fasten a copper rivet on the that the screw opposite each will not map at each spot where the important touch its neighbor on eitheI' side. places are located. Connect with an- Each city, town, mountain, and sea other copper wire (on the back side listed must be accurately located on of the map) each rivet with another the map. rivet which is placed beside each name in the margin of the map. Make a pointer (A) out of a small hollow curtain rod. Fasten one end If directions are carried out it is of telephone wire (D) to dry cell bat- evident that if the tip of the pointer tery at (G), pass other end of wire (H) is placed in any loop marked through the pointer (A) and solder (X), a light will come in the end of on to small rcceptacle for flash light the pointer CA) if the tip (T) touches REV. C. E. CUSHMAN WITH A CROUP OF HIS IOWA BOYS SEEING THE WORLD BY MEANS OF AN E LECTRIC MAl'

The electric map is among the m.ost effective of modern missionary lllethcds. By its use boys and gir1s as well as men and women can really see the mission stations of tll e world.

bulb (B). Be sure and let the pointer the right spot, completing the circuit. come to a point (T) on one side and If the right place is not touched, there extend out beyond the bulb. will be no light. The Instructor puts the end of this second pointer on the Pointer (H) is a wire pencil con- rivet by any name and asks the pupil nected by telephone wire (E) to bat- to point to the place. If it is correct teryat CF). Now make a small hole the light comes on, if not the next one tries. As an experiment, we took through the map at the right places a ten-year-old boy from the street, one (0) and having scraped the covering who had never been to Sunday-school off from the end of a piece of tele- and had never heard of Jerusalem. phone wire, run the wire through the 'Ve let him point to eaeh place in turn hole and make loops CO). From the and then we told him the Bible story back do the same at (X). Do not associated with that place. Within twenty minutes he could point to connect place at (0) with name at everyone of the eighteen important (X) just opposite or it will be easy for the pupil to guess right. Make the wires cross each other and go to un-

'I'IDJ MISS10NAIiY ll;~VI:ElW 0]' TIlE WORJA

places on the map and tell the story. from its circulation, he ca.n respond The same principle may be applied to fearlessly to the invitation of the MIS- making a missionary map showing SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD to say the stations of any society. something about the book and the With other electric maps the light plan which it unfolds. He is eager to comes on at the top of the map when get the idea into circulation, hoping the right contact is made. This di- thus to further, in his own small way, verts the attention from the place the vita.l and fascinating cause of mis- which yon wish to emphasize. Rev. sionary education. Already at least C. E. Cushman and a group of boys one large denomination is proposing from the Bible School of the First to enlist certain churches in each of Congregational Church of Iowa Falls, several states as demonstration cen- Iowa, have worked out this map ters of the plan. Another organiza- where the light is in the end of the tion is enlisting certain colleges and pointer. The making of it is espe- . college churches in this method for cially interesting to boys and the use the study of China this year.

of it is instructive to all. There are two major aspects of the fn tbe hall ot the San Chiao (TJ".oo Re- In the CbJnef'c shop was 0xbiblted a loan ligions) a Confucian shrine had center place. collection of many articles of interest bor~ To the left is a Euddhist shrine, while the rowed from friends far and near. Hundreds Taoist shrine is to the right. A sedan bridal of people tarried at this exhibit to hear ex- chair is seen on the floor in front. planations and comments regarding the cus- toms of China. CHINA IN THE LOCAL PARISH program which the book proposes, in One of the most 8'1wcessfu[ projects in addition to aspects which this brief conneation with the study of China wa.'l de- article may not mention. One is a t'eloped in New Haven, ComMf)ticu.t, !!"aer body of materials correlated with the the leadership of John Cla.rk Archer, Chair- regular weekly lessons of the Sundayman, DepartmMt of MMsi.ons, Yale Univer- school. These materials are drawn sity. The REVIEW has asked Dr. Archer to from the history, literature, social tell its readers about his project. customs, political institutions, ethics, religions, etc., of China and serve to A host of workers in the American illustrate and emphasize, week by Church will be interested this year in week, the Bible lessons of either the getting China and things Chinese in- International Graded Series or the to the consciousness of their own Improved Uniform, from January to parishes. A book, "China in the Local May, 1925. 1'hey serve not only to Parish," just off the press, deals di- illustrate and freshen the lessons but rectly with this problem. The materi- to bring China into view in a comals offered in solution are such as have parative way. Little by little, the received the necessary testing of ac- pupil and the teacher acquire llew tual use 'in a well-organized parish in facts regarding China and develop New Haven. Since the author of the book receives no financial advantage

BEST METHODS

new interests and attitudes toward ary education apart from and in addit.hings Chinese. The combination of tion to a proper program of religious Biblical materials and Chinese links education. up China with God 's plan of evangelization. China is studied with refer- The second aspect of the program ence to the Christian Gospel. The proposed in the book is more specbook does not contain the actual ma- tacular but depends for its real value terials, but only references to the upon the faithful use of the first. The proper sources. It is necessary to first is not merelv instructional. It have several hooks at hand whose involves expressio~al activities as well. titles are given in a special list. A TIle second is not merely a grand minimum reference library is indis- project, an activity; it involves study pensable to the successful use of these also. All the parts relate to each references. The teacher and, at times, other and to the whole. The previous study leads up to the grand project.

A NEAR VIEW OF THE THREE SHRINES–CONFUCIAN, BUDDHIST, TAOIST Committees in charge had to spend many hours ot oareful study to get the In f ormation n eceB· sary to reproduce these shrines accurately for the hunareds of spectat.)rs who viewed them.

the pupils are asked to look up the The grand project is the climax of the longer period of stUdy. materials referred to. They are never long or bulky, and care has been taken In a word, a program is provided to select only such as bear directly which runs through several days, if upon one or another aspect of the lesson involved. If the references for desired. It may hegin each day at the day have been mastered, the ma- 4 : 00 P . M. and run continuously terials will fit in with the discussion until 9: 30. Each succeeding day is of the lesson and will detz-act not at virtually a repetition of the first. The project program, however, is flexible all from the lesson, whether it be time and may vary according to the daily or interest which is concerned. Rath- needs and circumstances. It may iner, they will add fresh interpretations clude scenes from the Chinese home, and bring biblical matter down to the village school, the Christian date as a vital part of the general school, the hospital, and the temple. program of religious education for There may be special roles such as this time. There is no place for a those of vendor, doctor, priest, magithorough-going program of mission- cian, barber_ Chinese games may be

played by children drilled for the pur- to week may do things in miniature pose. A wedding procession and marriage ceremony may be included. At and find a place for their products night, a play may be given, illustrative of Chinese life and character. among the exhibits which may be Lantern slides may be used informally for visual instruction. Various groups gathered from local homes and from of children in attendance may be assembled as audience for the tellers of abroad for the occasion. The exhibits Chinese stories. Specimens of Chinese music may be presented vocally need not remain idle during the proj· or by instrument. Very effective use may be made of scenes from Chinese ect. They may now and then serve temples and shrines. The Taoist priest may.serve in his dual capacity admirably to give point to talks on of priest and diviner. The Buddhist priest may engage in a characteristic various phases of Chinese life. Of ceremony, prayer for rain. The .Confucian householder may explain and course, if onc is to handle the exhibits, illustrate the commemoration of ancestors and ancestral spirits. It is he must make ready for it. He has to indeed a very flexible program.· The omission of .one or more items on any study, too! He finds his added acday would not mar at all. The book, CHIN., IN THE 1~(lCAL PARISH, has full quaintance with China out of the details with regard to all the parts mentioned above. It gives not merely preparation made as steward of the references but sufficient materials within its own covers to enable one to exhibit booth. produce the parts desired. Obviously it takes many volumes to supply such CHINA TN THE LOCAL P ARISH* dematerials unless a deliberate selection be made, such as this book includes. scribes the physical setting with great And some materials are included which have not come from any other care, giving details as to color, etc. books at all. The book itself must be consulted for A special setting is provided for the program just enumerated. Local the full statement. There are many workers provide it according to careful directions. Indeed all parts are illustrations included in it which help played by local workers. The whole enterprise is devised for the education to make matters clearer. The author of the local constituency. There are Chinese shops, temples, etc., built for asks the reader of any part to read purposes of the grand project. It all requires some study of detail. The the whole for the sake of comprehendworker becomes acquainted with China as he shapes the scenic effects. ing the' undertaking as a whole, for He and the others learn by doing. If one plays the part of Buddhist priest the book attempts to suggest ways of and does it well, he knows thereafter something of real Buddhism in China. enlisting most, if not all, of the parish If one builds a shop or home properly he knows something of that phase of in the enterprise, and of conducting a Chinese life. The children from week serious program which will have last- ing educational effects.

Lest anyone should feel that too much is proposed at once, it should be understood that selections may be made, whether of the weekly Sunday- school work or of the work of the Grand Project. Much or little may be done according to the local situa- tion. .

*" China in the Local Pari:1h by John Clark J Archer, published by The Missionary Education Movement, J5G Fifth Avenue, New York; price, 50 centRo Fer sale at all Mission Board Head- quarters.

FOREIGN MISSION NEWS BY RADIO By REV. ERNEST F. HALL " 1 'H tell the world" cannot be re- garded merely as American slang, but also as a .correct way of express- ing a modern fact in these days of the Radio. Whether the expression when used is inflected this way or that way may be tIle determining factor in the mind of the linguistic exegete. If it is spoken as a declarative sentence,

with the voice punctuated by a period work of Fred Hope and his associates and coming to a full stop, it may not in Cameroun, West Africa. be considered slang, but rather a statement of direct purpose. If it is One, who heard because he had to spoken with many up and down varia- hear at the Station, being one of the tions and a circumflex accent at the electricians, said, after the story of end, it may be regarded as modern Feng, the Chinese Christian General, American English, with its declara- "Well, that is interesting!" tiveness a variable quantity. Call it slang or what you will, let the literary A Jewess called up and said she eJregete decide. That has no purpose had heard very well and was pleased. in this allticle. A pastor writes: "I have written a The expression tells the latest meth- letter to the service station WFBH od of informing people ahout the work expressing our delight at being able of the. foreign missionaries-Radio to receive this service." Broadcasting. This method has been regularly adopted by the Board of Another pastor: "I congratulate .Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian the Board on the use of the Radio. I Church in the U. S. A. Under the will wreck every law of homiletics and direction of the writer, news and fea- work this fact into my sermon tomorture missionary 'stories are sent out row morning." into the air for a half hour each week at half past" three on Fridays, from Another pastor says: "I trust you Station WFBH, 273 meters, New will be able to stay in the air." York City. It is expected that some evening's broadcasting will be done. The way to keep Foreign Missions in the air is to write to the Board and Among the topics thus far sent out to the Radio Station, commending the into the air are: plan occasionally. When "Applause Cards" cease, the Station infers that "Medical Miracles in India." interest is waning. "Missionary Silk Worms in China." "Missionary Athletics in the Philippines." The address of the writer of this article, "Christian Progress in Brazil." who is in charge of the broadcasting is 156 "Industrial Missions in the Cameroun." Fifth Avenue, New York Oity. Write to , 'Feng, the Chinese Christian General." WFBH Radio Station, Hotel Majestic, 72d Street and Central Park West, New York The value of the method can be re- City. alized from the fact that it is estimated that the regular "unseen audi- WORLD ACQUAINTANCE TOURS ence" probably numbers up to as high as half a million people in the day- One of the most valuable of modern time, and the evening audience over a missionary methods is personal visits million. Of course no speaker should to mission lands. In bygone days misflatter himself that all of them are sionaries were expected to monopolize "listening in" to him while he is tell- entirely the office of "go between" ing about the progress of Christian- interpreting the home base to the ity; but that he reaches people who mission field and the mission field to would never come to hear him in any the hnme church. Now there are many auditorium he may be assured. men !J,nd women of the home church who can speak with authority about The "Applause Cards" over the the things they themselves have seen telephone and in the mail show the and heard in mission lands. real value of this method. The following are some of them: The World Acquaintance Tours projected by Miss Harriet Taylor and "That makes me feel like applying Miss Ella Schooley, formerly of the for a job," said by a young man who Young Women's Christian Associahad heard the story of the industrial tion and Mrs. R. S. Emrich formerlv of the Near East Relief, are'distinctly modern mission methods. They are truly "tours with a purpose" and have already been referred to in the REvrElW,

During 1925 there will be winter to play, or some one may play Polish tours to the Near East, Egypt, and music. Italian, German, .Austrian, Rus- Palestine, Cuba, Panama and South sian music offers splendid opportunity .America, and to the Orient; summer as do the compositions from many tours to Northern and Southern Eu- other lands. rope; and autumn tours around the world and another to the Levant and Such a program may be given on a India.· large scale to enlist the interest of the music lovers of a city or community. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody writes of For a small meeting, in communities these tours: that are strictly American born, a very simple program may accomplish "Thei are to be conducted by well known the same ends_ leaders. The especial value of such leader· ship lies in the interpretation that will be 110 • • given to international relations between the peoples of these countries and our own. A World's Fashion Show was a Many travelers who visit the countries of the popular feature at one conference. East have little idea of the point of view of Missionaries from many lands introthe people, know nothing of their history, duced groups of women and children their a.ims and possibilities. HeTe i8 an op- in different costumes of various lands. portunity to go under the guidance of world In addition to accurate information leaders who have visited the countries and about costumes, many items of mis>- know intimately conditions, people and sionary information were given and routes, and ean give introductions which will opportunities for enlisting missionary be of incalculable value. interest made available.

"The ordinary tourist party is something THE LURE OF "ONCE UPON A to be avoided.' Here we find people of like mind and interest, who will wish to see not TIME" only the marvelous natural scenery and in· teresting cities and temples, but those who Four magic words that all the world are interested also in the spiritual upbuild- loves are these–" Once upon a time. " ing of these nations." Speak them in a group of children • For fuller Information write to Miss Harriet and immediately all is stilL If the Taylor, World Acquaintance Tours, 416 West most uninteresting speaker in the 122d Street. New York City. world can be persuaded to introduce "Once upon a time," his despondent MISSION STUDY IDEAS audience will take courage and bring back wandering thoughts to the point The list of names in one day's of attention. All the world loves a casualties in the Great War given in story. Not only the young world but Chapter I, "Adventures in Brother- the old world as well. Moreover all hood, " may be read as a standard the world is going to have stories_ bearer raises the flag aloft and leader The question is not "Shall we have asks questions as to who holds .Amer- stories or shall we not have stories Y" ica's flag_ The only question -is "What stories shall we have Y" Publishing houses To further a truer appreciation or are turning out story books by tens the contribution of various peoples to of thousands. Quarterly, monthly, the music of the world, a Land of All and weekly periodicals are circulating Nations Musicale, or a program of them by hundreds of thousands. Story music from many lands, affords excel- tellers and teachers are telling them_ lent opportunity_ In cosmopolitan Daily papers are syndicating them_ centers the people of various nations Radio stations are broadcasting them_ may be asked to take part. A J apa- If we are looking forward to the days nese maiden seated on the floor may that are to be and the leadership of play on her koto, or the Japanese na- tomorrow, we will make very sure that tional antllem may be sung. Some today's "Once upon a time" follows Negro spirituals, and some of Harry Burleigh's compositions will introduce the line Qf the missionary guidepost. the musical contribution of the Negro race. A Polish pianist may be invited

Woman's Home and Foreign

COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS AND FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS DARKNESS AND LIGHT tian basis for world relations is There is darkness, still, gross darkness, Lord, emphasized. On this fair earth of Thine. As usual, a card for preliminary There are prisoners still in the prisonhouse, Where never a light doth shine. use, entitled, "A Call to Prayer, " has There are doors still bolted against Thee, also been prepared. It is just the There are faces set like a wall, right size to enclose in an ordinary And over them all the Shadow of Death envelope, or carry in the purse or Hangs like a pall. Bible. Ample space is provided for insertion of the leader's name and Do you hear the voices colUng, place and hour of meeting. Sugges- Out there i.n the black of the night? tions are given on the card as to what Do you hear the sobs of the women, to do in definite preparation for the Who are barred from the blessed light? And the childre'Tlr-the tittle children, observance. Do you hear their pitifUl cry? The card and program are pub- o brothers, we must seek them, lished by the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions and Coun- Or there in the dark they die! cil of Women for Home Missions and should be obtained from denomina- Spread the Light I Spread the Light I tional headquarters. The program is Till earth's remotest bounds have heard priced at 2 cents each, $1.50 per 100. The glory of the Living Word; The card is distributed without charge Till those that see not have their sight; by the denominational women '8 Till all the fringes of the night boards. The placing of orders for Are lifted, and the long·closed doors cards and programs at an early date Are w'de forever to the Light. is strongly urged. Each year a larger Spread-the-Light! supply of both are printed in the en- deavor to meet the demand, and each o then shall dawn the golden days year many placing delayed orders are disappointed because the editions are To which true hearts are pressing; exhausted, and it is too late to have When earth's discordant strains shall blend The one t,,;e God confes8!ing; When Christly th01'ght llff,d Christly deed Shall bind each heart and natio'lb, In O'lbe (kand Brother/wod of Men, And one high consecrati(J1!,.

-JOHN OXENHA:M.

DAY OF PRAYER FOR MISSIONS reprints. Ascertain whether your community February 27, 1925 is already planning for the observ- The Day of Prayer for Missions is ance. If no one has taken the initia- annually observed throughout the tive, see that the leaders are called United States and Canada on the first together early in January to formu- Friday in Lent which this year falls late plans. Interdenominational ob- on February 27, 1925. servance is recommended; if this is The program, "Even As Thou not feasible, the individual church Wilt," by Mrs. E. C. Cronk is ready should plan to observe the day.

for distribution. As one would ex- Do not miss any publicity oppor- pect, knowing the author, it is full of tunity. Announcements from the pul- fresh and helpful suggestions. An- pit, insertion of notice in the church tiphonal and liturgical in sections, it calendar and the daily press, posters is preeminently a program of prayer, on bulletin boards, telephone, verbal, of thanksgiving and intercession, suit- and written invitations–all help.

able for missionary or young people's Make special effort to enlist interest groups or women'8 clubs. The Chris- and observance on the part of women's.

993

ClVIC and social clubs. You may be Y. W. C_ A., W. C. T. U., Association surprised at the cordial reception of University Women, and National your efforts receive on the part of Parent-Teachers Association to disthese groups. Above all, do not, your- cuss the feasibility and desirability of self, forget to use the mighty dynamic a great Congress of Women in behalf prayer. Participation of others is of peace. This group decided to exdependent upon your prayer and tend the invitation to four additional effort. organizations to a conference on the same topic in June, the four being the A SONG OF PEACE -Women's Division of the National Catholic Welfare Council, Council of The SOD of God goes forth for peace, Jewish Women. Council of Women Our Father's love to show; for Home Missions and Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions_ From war and woe He brings release; The June conference recommended that a National Conference on the o who with Him will gal Cause and Cure of War be held in Washington, D. C_ in January, 1925 He strikes the fetters from the slave, to be called and conducted by the Man's mind and heart makes free; above-named organizations. Mrs. Car- rie Chapman Catt was asked to serve And sends His messengers to Save as temporary chairman. O'er every land and sea. During the summer a questionnaire The Son of God goes forth for peace, was sent to twenty men and twenty That men like brothers live, women asking them to state the causes and cures 'of war in the order of im- And all desire the other's good, portance from their point of view. And other '8 sin forgive. Largely upon these replies the pro- gram for the Conference has been He tnrns our spears to prnning-hooks, ba'Sed. In September representatives Onr swords to ploughshares warm, met to perfect the plans. The Parent- 'reachers Association withdrew upon And war 110 more its death-blast brings, the ground that it is not a woman's N or men their brothers harm! organization. The National Women's Trade Union League has been invited The Son of God goes forth for peace, to join the group calling the Con- Nor lands nor power to gain; ference.

He seeks to serve, to love, to lift; The tentative program provides for Who follows in His train f a public meeting Sunday afternoon, January 18th, addressed by most A gloriol1s band, in every age, prominent government officials of the In spite of scorn and pain, United States and Canada. At date of writing, definite announcement of True sons of God, His peace have made; topics and speakers cannot be made. Who follows in their train 1 As at present planned, Monday and Tuesday will be devoted to Causes of Now let the world to peace be won, War, such as Economic Rivalries, And every hatred slain; Traditional Belief in War, Suspicion of Neighbors, Education, Race An- Let force and greed be overcome tagonism, National Antagonism, Im- And love supreme remain. perialism, Political Ambitions, Compe- tition in Armament. There will be Let justice rule in all the earth, round table conferenceR in the eve- And mercy while we live, nings. On Wednesday, Thursday and Lest we, forgiven much, forget Friday Cures of War will be :preseJlt- Our brother to forgive.

We send au r love to every land; True neighbors would we be; And pray God's peace to reign in them, Where 'er theh homeland be.

o God, to us may grace be given, Who bear the dear Christ's name, To live at peace with every man, And thus our Christ acclaim. -REV. ERNEST BOURNER ALLEN, in The Christian Endeavor W O1'td.

CONFERENCE ON THE CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR Wa.shington, D. C., Ja.nuary 18-24, 1925 In Mayan informal conference was held by representatives of the General Federation of Women's Clubs, the

WOMAN'S' HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETINS

ed, as Arbitration Courts, including work of missionaries and the exchange International Court of Justice, Ar- of students and professors will be conbitration Treaties, Disarmament, sidered. Saturday will be devoted to League of Nations, Codification of a summing up of the Causes and International Law, Outlawry of War. Cures of War, general discussion of It is planned that ample time shall the entire subject, and the adoption of be devoted to discussion all through conclusions, with emphasis upon the Conference. Both sides of every methods by which women's organizaplan for the cure of war having any tions can unite to promote peace. considerable following will be presented. The agencies of war, the pres- A CHRISTMAS CAROL ent state of preparedness of the United States and the National Defense And they who do their souls no wrong, Act will be presented. But keop at eve the faith of morn, Among the agencies contributing Shall [[aily hear the angel-song, to international understanding, the "Today the Prince of Peace is born! " -.James Russell Lowell.

HOME MISSION BULLETIN THE NATION CHRISTLIKE ing Spirit of Unity in Home Mission- ary Work, and the Outlook for Co- Methinks, I see a nation brave and strong operative Work. Rise up the ancient curse of war to end; Rise up to prove herself the whole world's Subsequent sessions will deal with friend, specific situations where cooperation has already accomplished results and And by Iler patient justice, conquer wrong! with special problems of areas where The bloody weapons which to lYIars belong much more remains to be done. Topics will be magnified; reports of com- She flings aside, as worthless to defend, mittees minimized, ample time being And still more vain her empire to extend allowed for discussion. All interested Of commerce, scjence, freedom, art and song. are cordially invited.

The treasures, others waste to aim and fight, On Tuesday, January 27th, in She pours to heal the sorrows of the world. Washington, D. C., a luncheon will be Defenseless she Tby plunderers soon hurled held by the Council of Women .for Home Missions and Federation of To ruin W Nay! Who can resist her mighH IVoman's Boards of Foreign Missions She links all peoples in a league of love!- fer representatives of local Women's Ameri"a, canst thou that nation prove' Church and Missionary Federations and chairmen. of affiliated .schools of -EDWARD TALLMADGE ROOT. Missions and Conferences.

ANNUAL MEETING God grant ns wisdom in these coming days, And eyes unsealed that we clear visions see The Annual Meeting of the Home Of that new world that He wonld have TIS Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions will be build, held at Atlantic City, N. J. There To life's ennoblement and His high ministry. will be joint sessions on January 13- 15, 1925, beginning Tuesday evening Not since Christ ·died upon His lonely cross and continuing through Thursday Has Time such prospect held of Life's new evening. The separate session of the Council of Women for Home Missions birth; will be on the morning of January Not sinee the world of chaos first was born 16th, and the meeting of the Execu- Has man so clearly visaged hope of a New tive Committee on the afternoon of that day. These meetings will all be Earth. held at Haddon Hall. we Not of our own might can hope to rise The program will center upon the enlarged opportunity for cooperative Above the ruts and failures Of the past, endeavor. The first session, Tuesday But with His help who did the first earth evening, the keynote will be sounded in the presentation of the New Con- build, ception of Home Missions, the Grow- With hearts courageous we may fairer build this last.

JOHN OXENHAM.

OUR LAND FOR CHRIST Oh, guard our shores from ,)very foe, With peace our borders bless, Rise, ye children of the King, Yours a heritage unpriced. With prosperous times our cities crown, Our nelds with plenteousness. Unto H)im your tribute brin g, Take this glorious land for Ohrist. Lord of the nations, then, to Thee Our country, we commend, Where its mighty rivers run, Where its lakes majestic lie, Be Thou her refuge and her trust, Her everlasting friend. May His perfect will be done, -Selected. And His banner lifted high. God of the strong, God of the weak, Over c(}ntinent and coast, Lord of all lands, and our o"'n land; Islands far, and forest dark, I~ight of all souls, from Thee we seek, Onward march, a conquering host, Light from Thy light, strength from Thy Your Commander's way to mark. hand.

Over many an alien race, In suffering Thou hast made us one, Let the flag of conquest fly, In mighty burdens one are we; Bring them to Him, face to face, 'reach us that lowliest duty done Those for whom He came to die. Is highest service unto Thee. -Selected. Tarry not. Be strong in Him, Take the land to be poasessed. There'll be pots of real gold 'neath the rainbows that span He whose eye is never dim Leads you in your holy quest. Our fair skies when we catch the Christ· vision of man, Conquer only in His Name, ]'olliJw only His command, Then the aliens, no Ion ger the "scum 0' the earth," Falter not, till If,e proclaim All this land Immanuel's Land. But as brothers to us of the haughtiest birth, -Julia H. Johnston. Shall be welcomed as pilgrims who follow A PRAYER His hand That hath crowned with the fulness of Lord, while for all mankind we pray, Of every clime and coast, blessing, our land. –Laura Gero'U'ld Ora.ig. Oh hear us for our native land- The land we love the most.

FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN THE CHRIST.CHILD tinctive work of this Committee was a magazine for Chinese children,print- The dear Christ·child, for you and me, ed monthly by the Sunday School Was clothed in our humility. Union of China in Shanghai. Since 'Twas to save our ruined race, the funds provided were but meager, The God of glory veiled His face, Happy Childhood is not especially And once, a little ehiJd eame down, attractive to American eyes, yet for To a mother's arms, in Bethlehem town. the last ten years an increasing num- ber of boys and girls in almost every -lrfargaret E. Sangster. province of that great country have hailed it with delight. While it is CHRISTIAN LITERATURE FOR estimated that the magazine is sent to WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN about 10,000 children, there are many more thousands, old and young, who MISSION FIELDS wait eagerly for this small messenger.

By AT,ICE M. KYLE Two quotations from the many let- ters received by its devoted editor, This Committee of the Federation Mrs. Donald MacGillivray, indicate is "suffering the penalty of success. " the place it has made for itself. Mrs. Every aspect of its work on the mis- Anne Matherson of the "Rickshaw sion field is full of encouragement. Mission" of Shanghai, writes: "Both in week-day and Sunday-schools the Happy Childhood magazines are eagerly looked for and From the year of the organization rapturously received. Prizes are given of the Committee, 1912, the appeal of the women and children of China has been heard with an increasing desire to respond to the need for Christian literature in that land. The first dis-

WOMAN IS ltOM1<l AN!> :rORE1GN Imt.,t.,ETINS

to those who keep their copies in best Japanese Christian, whose home in condition for a year and it is rather Tokyo was completely demolished. In a problem to decide which are most an almost miraculous way the precious deserving, so many keep them so nice- manuscript was saved and is now ly. We believe its teachings of love nearly ready for those who so earnestto God and men, kindness to dumb ly desire it. animals, its stories and Bible lessons, opens new channels of thought in the An emergency grant for this work youthful Chinese mind. The interest in .Tapan was authorized by the Comin Happy Childhood is not confined to mittee in January and an appeal for the schools. Men and women are this object was made at many services eager to receive a copy. Their delight held on the "Day of Prayer," March in the pictures and stories is every bit 7th. .As a result almost $1,000 has as real as that of the children. " From been received, coming in from many another mISSIOnary teacher, Miss remote little towns of the South and Alice G. Waters, we quote the follow- West, as well as from the larger cities. ing: "The children all love the maga- The letters accompanying these small zine. One day I asked a class of third gifts have almost invariably said, grade children what they like best in "This money is sent with earnest all their school work and they an- prayer for God's blessing on Japan." swered with one voice, Foh Yu Pao In response to thc first installment of (Happy ChUdhood). I began to ques- this "Emergency Grant," Miss Botion them and found they really knew sanquet writes, "The Japanese well everything that was in it…… Our know that many of the people of the Sunday-school teachers beg for a copy U. S. A. are their friends and are that they may teach the stories to touched to hear of the many small children who cannot read. In this way offerings which have made up the we reach many children. " Fifty cents sum. " Another thousand dollars is in U. S. stamps sent to the Sunday needed to complete this grant in 1924. School Union of China, Shanghai, will provide one child with Happy The Treasure Chest Childhood for a year. The pledge of the Committee for 1924 for China is A Magazime for a MilliolV Boys and Girls still unmet and $800 is needed before January 1, 1925. There are a million boys and girls in India who can read. But until A Love Offering for Japan July, 1922, there was no Christian magazine suitable for these bright The Society for Christian Liter- young students. Only a fraction of ature in Japan has a department for the million can read English, but in the preparation of books and leaflets all the ten great language areas some adapted for children and the poorer can read English, so the first edition women. Miss Amy Bosanquet is in was published in that language. Miss charge of this special work. For sev- Ruth E. Robinson of Bangalore, superal years our Committee has sent a ported by the W. P. M. S. of the Methsmall grant of $300 to aid in publish- odist Episcopal Church, gladly coning Ai no Hikari, a monthly news- sented to be its editor and "like the paper for coolie women. In 1923, in frail little lights that the Indian response to a special appeal in the women set afloat on a stream" the MISSIONARY REVIEW, a generous donor magazine was launched. Its swift sent a gift of $1,200 for the much success has been phenomenal. There needed translation of Dr. Hulburt's are today nearly 3,000 paid subscrip- "Story of the Bible. " At the time of tions, editions are being published in the earthquake, September, 1923, this three great vernaculars, Urdu, Tamil, translation had been completed by a and Marat.hi, and enthusiastic com- mendations are being received from Christian workers of many denomina-

tions. One woman missionary writes, ANNUAL MEETING "I think of The Treasure Chest as one of the leaves which is for the heal- Federation of Woman's Boards of ing of the nations"; another says, "I Foreign Missions of North AnlericR have never known in long years in India any missionary enterprise The AllllualMeeting of the Federwhich has won 'Such quick and en- ation is to be held in conjunction thusiastic support from Christian and with the Foreign Mission Convention . non-Christian alike"; the son of a which meets in Washington, January young missionary writes, "I like The 28 to February 2, 1925. On Tuesday Treasnre Chest better than any maga- morning, January 27th, there will be zine I ever saw." a meeting of the Executive Commit- tee; at noon, in cooperation with the With its original illustrations, fur- Councilor Women for Home Missions, nished by Indian students, its stories a luncheon for representatives of and prize contests, its puzzles and Women's Church and Missionary nature study lessons, its news rrom Federations and affiliated Schools of everywhere, its tidbits for wee folks, Missions; in the afternoon a "Popuit has quickly become a favorite. The lar Meeting"; and in the evening the nominal price of six cents a month in session will be in charge of The Cen- India, one dollar annually in U. S. A., tral Committee on the United Study obviou'Sly cannot meet the expense of of Foreign Missions in celebration of such a treasure and the budget asked their 25th Anniversary. Wednesday of the Committee for 1924 was $2,500 morning the new Executive Commitof which $500 still remains unpaid. tee will meet. Friday noon, January The only anxiety the members of the 30th there will be a large luncheon,in Committee feel in regard to The t,he Hall or Nations, Washington TreaSl1re Chcs·t is how to keep pace Hotel" at which will be consider~d with its wonderful success. women's activities on the foreign mIS- sion field. Where Shall We Get the Money? SHINE OUT, 0 STAR! The Woman '8 Boards have been loyal to this union enterprise. Most What shall we do for the blinded eyes of the larger denominations now in- Straining their gaze afar, clude a gift for this Committee in their yearly budget. Other organiza- Seeing no promise of dawn arise, tions, notably the National Y. W. Searching in vain for the star f C. A. and the Central Committee on the UriitedStudy of Foreign Missions, Dear God, so far in the lifted heavellBmake annual grants. The Summer S() low in the dust they lie, Conferences at Northfield and at Chambersburg have gladdened us T() whom no glimpse of the day is g;ven, with special offerings. Many friends No star in their midnight sky. have sent to the treasurer gifts large and small. But the demand far ex- The bnrdened and weary, the sick and faint, ceeds the supply. What kind and gen- Who moan out their despair erous donors will come to our relief in the remaining month of 1924 and Till the still air pulses with their c()mplaint, belp to keep afloat these precious And the pang of unheeded prayer. crafts, freighted with treasures" new and old" for the hungry minds and Sweet choir of God, this Christmastide hearts or the women and children Sing out your song agaiu: whom 'we have tmlght to read? Is the Christ·child born' Has He come to Make cheeks payable to Alice M. Kyle, treasurer, 63 Parsons Street, Brighton abide~ P.O., Boston, Mass. Does it mean "good will to men' ,f Shine Qut, 0 sta,., on their darkened way, ·Whose eyes with tears are dim, The Christ·child lives somewhere today- Make clear the road to Him. ~Mary Lowe Dwki<ltl1011.

fROM MANY

NORTH AMERICA ducted by Dean Brown of Yale, pre- Students and Social Service ceded the missi.on week, and daily de- voti.onal services while the work went ROBERT P. WILDER, secretary .of the Student V.olunteer M.ovement, .on were a source of power. In a is qu.oted by the Watchman-Examiner as rep.orting "a decline of interest on folder issued by the Student Committhe part of students in such w.orld tee for distributi.on in Fitchburg, pr.oblems as peace and war, and a swing back t.o the ' old issues .of these sentences appear: pers.onal religi.on.' He thinks that student intereRt in all large s.ocial We believe that every Christian has both problems has always been much exag- the right and power to lead his community gerated. Since these statements were made public many denials .of the truth into a mare abundant life. .of them have been made, some of them We believe tha.t the G'hurch of Christ from student sources. But it must be said that no man in the country knows stands committed to further the example of the Master, and that each Christian man a.nd woman is challenged to bear the maxi- mum testimony of the spirit of Jesus in all of his relations to every-day life.

We are positive that a band of consecrated Christians can produce in this commnnity the happy and p~actical reality that Jesus proclaimed the Kingdom of God to be.

the student body of America better Baptist WOJUen',. Jubilee than Mr. Wilder. He has w.orked T HE Women's Home Mission Soam.ong students intimately fur many ciety of the Baptist Church is makyears. He is a careful observer, and ing plans for the celebration in 1927 has had ample .opp.ortunity t.o .observe. of its Gulden Jubilee. The occasion is T.o us the condition he reports is by to be celebrated by the raising of a n.o means t.o he depl.ored, but rather toO $500,000 fund. The first year, 1924be rejoiced in. 'The issues of per- 25, is to be one of organization; the s.onal religi.on' stand first beyond a second, 1923-26, one of information d.oubt. If they are well lo.oked to, fine and inspiration, and the third year, social serviee will inevitably follow. 1926-27, the ingathering. No money If they are neglected, the nerve of will be asked for until the third year. s.ocial service is cut. Mr. ,Viidel' 's rep.ort is a cheering one on the whole." Increase in Lutheran Gifts Fitchburg Student Mission THE three great bodies of English- speaking Lutheranism in the AMASSA.CHUSET'l'S manufactur- United StateR-the General Synod, ing city. with 45,000 people, wit- the General Council, and the United nessed fr.om September 14th to 21st a Synod .of the S.outh-were merged in unique religious undertaking. With 1918 into the United Lutheran Church the slogan "Everyday Religion Every in America. During the first bien- Day," about fifty students from vari- nium closing in July, 1920, the total uus culleges and theulugical seminaries contributions of the women's mission- in the East, representing eight de- ary societies .or the merged organiza- nominations, carried un a campaign, tion reached a quarter of a million.

.of which a street-car conductor said: During the second biennium closing "It is just great. They don't boost in July, 1922, they were doubled and for any creed. They just urge yo~ passed the half million mark. For to come back t.o real Christianity and the biennium closing July, 1924, this.

then work in your own church." A organization goes into the million three-day retreat fur the students, c.on- dollar class.

999

Methodist Millions studied, some do not even list high- school graduation as an entrance re- THE members of the Woman's quirement. "Some of the seminaries, " Home Missionary Society of the the report finds, "are virtually un- Methodist Episcopal Church raised touched by the progress and method more than $3,000,000 for their work of science. They are conducted on last year according to reports pre- the assumption that science and resented at the annual meeting. held in ligion occupy mutually exclusive Chicago, Oct. 8th to 15th. This repre- fields, if they are not indeed in actual sented an increase in contributions conflict. In others a scientific view over t.he previous year of more than of the world is taken for granted, but $130,000. In four years the 448,000 little' effort is made to enlarge the members have given more than $11,- conceptions of theology so as to in- 000,000. Of the total, mite boxe~ clude the remarkable advance of brought 18,100,600 pennies. Report- scientific knowledge and to arrive at a ing to the same convention the work unified world." of the denomination as a whole, Dr. R. J. Wade, secretary of the World Slav! in the United States Service Commission, said that more than $68,000,000 had been expended ACONFERENCE on Christian in benevolent work in the last five Work among Slavic Peoples in years, while expenditures for new America, held in New York City churches and parsonages last year under the auspices of the Home Misreached the.total of $~6,000,000. The sions Council and the Council of total property valuation of this one Women for Home Missions, brought denomination in the United States and out the following facts about the apabroad wa~ reported to approximate proximatEly 6,000,000 Slavic immi- $500,000,000.-Christian Century. grants and Slavic people of the second generation now in the United States: Our Theologica.l Seminaries "Pennsylvania leads, while New UNDER the supervision of a special York, Illinois, Ohio and Michigan are advisory committee of churchmen in the front rank so far as preponderand educators, an exhaustive survey ance in Slavic population is conof theological seminaries in the United cerned. These Slavic groups are States and Canada has recently been highly organized both locally and namade by the Institute of Social and tionally. The press is a powerful Religious Research, of which John R. force in moulding public opinion Mott is chairman and Galen M. among them. Religiously they belong Fisher executive secretary. The sur- to the Greek, Eastern Orthodox, Greek vey report, a volume of 450 pages and Roman Catholic Churches, with published under the title" Theological a few Protestant'S, various fanatical Education in America," states that, sects, and a few Mohammedans. while the number of theological stu- Among these Slavic peoples the evandents is not decreasing, many of the gelical churches are working as folstudents now in the seminaries are lows: Bohemi.ans: Baptists, Congremediocre men of comparatively little gationalists, Disciples of Christ, Methtraining and many of the seminaries odists, Presbyterians and Episcopalican hardly qualify as educational in- ans support 120 missions and churches stitutions. There are approximately with 8,853 members. Jugoslavs: Bap- 9,000 theological students in the tists, Lutherans, Methodists and Pres- United States, or one for every 2,600 byterians support 15 missions and church members, the report says. The churches with 2,393 members. Poles: Institute analyzed the records of 7,500 Baptists, United Presbyterians, Conof these students and found that gregationalists, Methodists, Presbyfewer than half of them had college terians and Episcopalians support 34 degrees. Of the 161 seminaries missions and churches with 4,049

1'1EWS FROM MANY LANDS

members. Russians: Baptists, Dis- home not only for thousands of Amerciples of Christ, Methodists and Pres- ican students, but for students who byterians support 36 missions and come from the Orient bearing the culchurches with 1,019 members. Ru- tural heritage of their ancestors, to thenians: Baptists, Methodists and study in the University of California. Presbyterians support 49 missions and Suzunosuke Kato writes in World churches with 676 members. Slovaks: Call: "There is a great opportunity Baptists, Congregationalists, Method- here to serve these Japanese in preachists and Presbyterians support 114 ing the Gospel and uplifting their missions and churches with 10,550 spiritual life by the wonderful vision members." of our Lord. .. Since our Japanese Church is not large enough to accom- Jewish Science MoveDlent modate an audience when we have a big meeting, we borrow the auditorium I T is stated that 70,000 Jews in New of the University Christian Church York City have attached them- and sometimes the young people of selves to regular Christian Science the two churches have a joint social groups. To check this movement and gathering to cultivate good fellowship perhaps bring back recreant Jews to with each other. Not only so, the the faith of their fathers a new move- University Christian Church organment known as "Jewish Science" ized a committee on J a,panese work to headed by Rabbi Lichtenstein was in- cooperate with us in every way posaugurated. This movement which is sible. " now being Vigorously pushed, professes allegiance to the God of Israel Point Barrow Cut Off and not to Christ. The Jew q,elieves that one is born into a religion which T HE U. s. Coast Guard cutter Bear descends to following generations, and has pushed her way through the on this account the new movement ice of the northern seas up to Point does not seek converts other than Barrow, Alaska, year after year, until Jews. last summer, even though declared unseaworthy and no longer fit for A Hebrew Christian suggests these duty, she made her fiftieth annual reasons for the hold which Christian cruise along that dangerous coast. Science is getting on the modern Jew: Her retirement in July from active duty has left the "farthest north" 1. The ;rew is told by its advocate that mission station of the Presbyterian he can be an ardent Christian Scientist Church – Point Barrow – without without beJief in Christ. so;rewish Science touch with the outside world this year. eliminates Christ. The last word which came to Board headquarters at New York was re- 2. In attaching himself to these cults he ceived in January. The first word is not in any way cut off from fellowship which can now be ant,icipated will not with his own people. be received until next, year, at which time it is expected that Dr. Henry W. 3. Ohristian Science offers the ;rew social Greist, who with Mrs. Greist is h~­ life without any discrimination against him. ing for some one to relieve him at his post, will be coming out for a much 4. The advocates of Christian Science are needed rest at home. The importance diligent through lectures, distribution of of this lonely outpost is recognized by literature, and personal solicitation in efforts the Government, for the Presbyterian to win the ;rews. hospital is the only one to care for the Eskimos and American sailors, trap- 5. The false claim of Christian Science pers and traders and United States that it alleviates suffering and dissipates officers in all that isolated region. trouble makes a peculiar appeal to the Jew.

Interracial Fellowship I N Berkeley, California, a group of American and Japanese Christians has been carrying on God's work in the spirit of cooperation, despite the intensity of the Japanese question in California. Berkeley has become the 5

LATIN AMERICA states; but they are on the march!

A Mexican Martyr Two wealthy hacendados came asking AMEXICAN Presbyterian pastor the Governor if he planned to close in the Mixteca region, which is their immense breweries. 'Yes,' said near the city of Oaxaca, reports the the Governor emphatically, and to his murdE'r of a church member named surprise they said that they would Segura. He writes: "Brother Segura close them before he did. They are was an active evangelical, and had gone! The cleanliness, prosperity, been loaning his house for the Christians to gather in. 'The priest incited and elegance of San Luis Potosi give the people against him, to make him mute testimony to the Governor's adstop, but he paid no attention to the ministration. He is a keen student of threats. At last the fanatics made use sociology. Social centers are minisof a slander to accomplish their pur- tering to the laborer who otherwise pose. On the night of July 28th, a would miss his former clubroom, the saloon."

man was found dead in the streets, Bible Institute in Costa Rica and as they did not know who the murderer was, they charged it against THE two missions at work in Costa a son of Brother Segura. The fana- Rica, the Methodist Episcopal and tical crowd, glad of an excuse, im- the Central America Mission, were mediately went to his house, and not both represented at the dedication, on finding the son, dragged out the father July 27th, of the building in San and killed !pm. In addition, they shot .Jose of the Bible training school. A in the leg a young boy of fourteen member of the second mission writes years and, wounded as he was, they of a reception which was a part of the lodged him in jail and charged him ceremonies: "The President of the with murder. But of the death of Republic, who had expressed his in- Brother Segura, nothing was said by tention of being present, was preeither the authorities of Chilapa or vented at the last moment and sent Teposcalula. The poor widow is left his regrets by letter. The American with a' family in a sad situation, for Minister and Mrs. Davis, our very the criminals, who laugh at her, good friends, were present, as also the threaten that they will burn her house Governor of the Province and the if she asks justice for the death of her President of the Municipality, who husband or if she does not leave made an appreciative little speech. town." The City Engineer, who by the way had fixed up our street for the event, A Fearless Mexican Governor was present, as well as a group of dis- A CONVENTION of Protestant tinguished men and women of the Mexican Christians, meeting in city, who have shown themselves ex- the city of San Imis Potosi, heard tremely simpaticos towards us, and in- Governor Manrique, of the state for terested without really understanding which the city is named, speak on the nature of the work. This we had prohibition. A missionary who calls to explain and felt that we did not him "the Christian statesman of mod- have to minimize or cover up in the ern Mexico" writes of him: ' , Two least our spiritual aims for fear of reasons he gives for closing the saloons frightening or offending them. That in his state : first, he was educated meeting, we are convinced marks a in a Methodist missionary school, and new day for the Gospel in this city."

second, . his father was a drunkard. FOR Nor has Governor Manrique been con- Selling Bibles in Chile tent with closing the saloons. The the first time, says The Oon- factories ot pulque and mezcal are tinent, it has been possible to pur- disappearing. Critics say they are chase a Bible in the business section merely crossing the border into other of Santiago, Chile's capital. The

NEWS FRJOM MANY LANDS

Presbyterian and Methodist missions Indian Infanticide conduct a book depository known as S EVERAL references have been "El Sembrador" (The Sower). This made in the REVIEW of late to the bookstore has had to move from ,place recent realization by the Church that to place. Pirst it was in a building the Indians of South America constiwhich was bought by a Roman Cath- tute a vast neglected mission field.

olic priest, who at once told them to Rev. H. Whittington, of the Inland vacate. Other quarters, larger and South America mission, writes of the in a better location, were obtained and the work and influence of the deposi- Cageveas tribe: "The saddest fact tory was increased. Another removal among these Indians is the small numwas required a few months ago, and ber of children to be seen. In a comthe store secured an even better loca- munity of fifteen or more families, tion, half a blclck from the main plaza. the children of school age and under It is here that the business of the city could be counted on one's fingers. is transacted, and where the bookstore The greater number of the little ones sells Bibles. are killed either immediately after birth or before. On inquiring the rea- Bibles Burned in Brazil son for such wholesale murder of little ones, we were told that owing to their REV. J. M. SYDENSTRICKER, custom of unfaithfulness (as a rule missionary of the Southern Pres.- two seldom live very long together) byterian Church in Oliveira, Brazil, the mother on being deserted by the writes: "The Bishop of this diocese is father of the unborn child, not wish- ing to be encumbered, breaks the neck very bitter ill his opposition to all of the little one at birth. The tribe, as a consequence, is rapidly dying out. Protestant work, and does his utmost The Indians maintain that the reducto hinder its advance. Just before tion of their number is largely owing the Christmas season, he sent a mis- to the grippe that swept over their sionary priest here, to assist in the camp some years ago and carried off work of the church. Each day the so many. Both men and women were children met to study the catechisms warned of the consequences of the and to learn new reasons for having great crime they were committing in nothing to do with the Protestants murdering their little ones. Truly and their work. On New Year's Day pathetic was their reply, 'We have there was a large gathering in front done this in our ignorance, we did not of the Catholic school for boys. Bibles know it was wrong, we had no one tell were burned, and the priests led the us. Now we will leave this evil pracassembled children in a song, the re- tice ; but we do need some one to frain of which was: Go away, ye Protestants, Go away from our nation.

We only want to be a part teach ns. When will you come Of the friends of the Sacred Heart. back ~' "

, "rhings seem to have calmed down now, and some of the boys, who took Ohurch and State in Argentina A a most active part in the Bible burn- RGENTINA and the Vatican have been in a dispute for some time ing and the song, have become our friends. Attracted by the victrola, over the appointment of an arch- and other novelties of an American bishop for Buenos Aires. The ,Pope home, some of these boys visited the has consistently refused to appoint Davises a few nights ago, and before the man nominated by the Government leaving signed up for a volley ball of Argentina, and the Senate of that team and said that they were not go- country seems at last to have ex- ing to sing any more, 'Por,' said they, hausted its patience. A bill now be- 'it seems that the Protestants are here fore that body declares the papal to stay, and they are not so bad after nuncio persona non grata, calls' for'

all.' " the recall of the Argentinian repr'e.

sentative at the Vatican, and demands category will include historical, ethno- that, after these diplomatic moves, graphkal, statistical and medical sec- there be a thorough clearing up of the tions, while exhibits in the descriptive political purposes of the Church. "In ,category will be divided according to the meantime," says The Chcristian the geographical distribution of the Century, "the rift toward separation different countries. The medical sec- between church and state is being tion is a complete departure from hastened. ' , anything which has been attempted in similar exhibitions. Great care has EUROPE bf)en lavished upon it at the Pope's Another Missionary Athlete express wish, as he believes that medi- T HE appointment of Dr. Theodore cine is one of the most useful aids to . Howard Somervell, holder of the missionary work. official record of 26,985 feet reached in the attempt to climb Mount Ever- Christian Endeavor in Germany A est, as a medical missionary under the GENERAL European convention of Christian Endeavorers, the London Missionary Society for work in India, has stirred wide interest. first to meet since the World War, was Coming in conjunction with the an- held in Hamburg, August 15-20, 1924.

nouncement of the impending ap- The report of this notable' gathering pointment of Eric Liddell, Olympic gives SOme interesting facts on the prize winner, as a missionary under development of Christian Endeavor the same society for work in China, in Germany, the present number of made in the October REVIEW, the at- societies being 1,465, with 50,575 tention of a large portion of the members. The first society was or- British public ordinarily indifferent ganized in 1894. In 1904 German to such matters has been turned to the Christian Endeavor entered the for- overseas enterprises of the Church. eign missionary field and took up its Dr. Somervell, who made his record splendid w:ork in th.e South Seas.

climb of Everest in 1922, and was a Progress continued through the war member of the 1924 expedition, has years, 1914-1918, during which more stated that his decision to enter mis- than three hundred Endeavorers fell 8ionary service came as a result of at the front. Since 1918, however, spending ten days with a professional the number of societies has doubled friend who was conducting a mission- ani! the membership increased almost ary hospital in South India. He said: fourfold.

'''l'he sight of the appalling needs of FOR those people in southern India Russian Churches Closing changed the whole course of my life, several weeks the Associated and I could not possibly do anything Press has been carrying appar- else but go back." ently well-founded reports of the clos- Vatican Missionary Exhibition ing of famous Russian churches be- cause of a lack of support. Many of ONE of' the chief features of the these are in Leningrad, a city which festivities in connection with the, is itself on the down grade because Holy Year, 1925, which, it is esti- of the removal of the government to mate~ will attract to Rome nearly Moscow. In addition, now that three million pilgrims, will, it was an- churches are forced to raise their own nounced in the New York Times, be funds without being supplied from ,an exhibition of the missionary activi- the state treasury, it is not to be won- ties of the Church of Rome from apos- dered at that many cathedrals find it tolic days to the present time. The impossible to balance their budgets. Vatican Missionary Exhibition will The cathedral of St. Isaac, in Lenin- be divided into two main categories- grad, was one of the first to close.

scientific and descriptive. The first Its example has now been followed by

924] NEWS mOM MANY LANDS

the famous cathedral of Kazan, on the . mon working basis with Caucasian Nevsky Prospect. The city's histori- Mussulmans under the watchword cal museum has offered to take over 'For God of Good Against God of this edifice, which is patterned after Evil.' "

St. Peter '8 in Rome, and convert it into It public museum and art gallery. The Gospel for Russia A On the walls of the cathedral there T a drawing-room meeting in Lon- don in the interests of the Rusalready hang 103 banners and other trophies captured from Napoleon, sian Missionary Society Pastor and among its treasures are twenty- William Fetler, whose address was ilthree keys to cities wrested from that lustrated by lantern slides, spoke with conqueror, including the cities of his customary earnestness and vigor. Hamburg, Leipsic, Rheims and Dres- Wbatever might be said of other den.-Christian Century. countries, he said, "it can be affirmed that the people of Russia are begging Anti-Soviet Uprisings and hungering for the Word of God.

DISTURBANCES of this nature At the moment development of the have been reported from various work is held up because of lack of points in the Caucasus, and especially funds. The expenditure to June 30th in the trans-Caucasian state of Geor- last was in excess of the income by gia. A Russian paper published in £1,316. So soon as this matter has Paris states .that ever since the occu- been dealt with, there is an urgent call pation of Georgia by the Soviet Army for a missionary Bible schooL" For at the beginning of 1921, Georgian the establishment of this, Pastor Fet- patriots have been fighting against ler has already secured the official the Soviet regime through a series of permission of the Government at terroristic acts by secret organizations, Riga, and more than sixty brethren and that the present revolt was to and evangelists on the field, in Poland, take place somewhat earlier, in the J~atvia and Soviet Russia have re- middle of August, when supplies of quested to be taught the Word of arms and ammunitions purchased in God more fully, so as to be properly Europe and America would reach the equipped for more effective soul-win- country. But the Soviet espionage ning work. Madame Karinskaya, a abroad is so well organized that the former prima donna, is one of the Bolsheviks learned in time of this latest recruits to the Russian Mission- plan, seized the prospective leaders of ary Society, and will work for the the uprising as soon as they landed in present among the Russian refugees Georgia, discovered depots of arms, in Poland.

arrested numbers of persons, mostly of intellectuals who had nothing to do AFRICA with the uprising. Testfmony from Enemies M A press dispatch from Riga an- ISS ANNA Y. THOMPSON, of the United Presbyterian Mission nounces: "Between Sept. 20th and 25th the Caucasian hill tribes held a in Egypt, finds in Moslem hostility to secret general conference at which Christian missions convincing proof they passed a resolution to recognize that "the leaven is working in Is- Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaievitch, the lam." She writes: "That there is an former Russian Commander-in-Chief, awakening going on in Egypt is evi- as their Supreme Commander. Anti- denced by articles which have been S 0 vie t organizations throughout appearing lately in Arabic papers, Northern Caucasus have formed a especially one edited by a sheikh who secret league called the Brotherhood taught Arabic as a tutor for some of the Holy Cross, which supervises years, in one of the English univer- all operations. It is reported the sities. He feels there should be a brotherhood has established a com- great effort made to revive the zeal of

. Moslem people." Another paper re- meeting; there would only be three cently carried an article with large present at the most. I said I would headlines, "Ignorance is better than have the three. My girls went and in- an education in the schools of the vited the women, and we had fifty- missionaries," from which she quotes: five. In another village where I was "Their design is to make the people told none would come, we had the of the country lose their religion, and church crowded out with women, and their nationality, and their language. several said they wished to learn more Their teaching is limited to the de- about the Saviour, and follow Him. stroying of the principles of all re- At another women's meeting eight ligions, especially Mohammedanism, women stayed to speak with me, all and they make the nation little in the wishing to be saved. I hear that one minds of those who will be the future has turned back, but that all the generation. The mIssIOnaries are others are true. I am quite sure reaching the noble and the educated, therc is a great work to be done among among both mel,l and women, and they the women, but it must be done by entice people to go to their entertain- living in the villages and getting.to ments. How long are you going to know the people thoroughly. There allow this to go on Y" are many places where two white ladies might live and work the whole Lions D.nd Letters district. It is not easy work, but it needs doing." MISS JEAN MACKENZIE'S de- lightf~l essay, "Exile and Post- Important Towll ill Liberia man, " has made vivid for many readers some of the experiences which REV. JAMES DW.ALU, who was missionaries in Africa have with their born in the Liberian Hinterland mail. The wife of an English clergy- and educated in St. John's School, of man, who is traveling in Uganda, has which he became headmaster before recently received the following letter, his ordination, is now in charge of the which gives another chapter: "The work which the Protestant Episcopal post does not work from here because Church has begun in the town of the last two mail runners were killed Bakuzu. He writes in The Spirit of and eaten by lions." (Four days Missions: "There are few Mohamlater): "Government gave me £5 to medan towns in Buziland, but about carry the mail in my car, as they forty-five of their priests live at could not get thc mail through on ac- Kakiamai, their stronghold; these count of lions. I got through from are trying to propagate Islam among Mbarara (180 miles) in one day, and the Buzis, but the latter have not yet did not see a single lion. I brought been much influenced by the teaching the mail back also, including my own of these propagandists. The Buzis letters, and earned my £5, my first are on the whole 'medicine-worshipand last earning as a postman, I ex- ers. ' They believe more in their pect. "-L. Jlf. S. Chronicle. 'medicine' and the worship connected with it than all the charms which the Winning Congo WOlllen Mohammedans can offer." In con- nection with one of their ceremonies MISS DE HAILES, an English a native chief made a fine speech, .Baptist worker among the Congo which Mr. Dwalu thus decribes: women in the Bolobo area since 1895, "He said that, as it was the indomiwrites of a recent itinerating tour: table Bakuzu to which the inhabitants "To live among the people is to gain of other towns had ever come for firc them and win them for Christ. The when rebuilding their devastated native teachers cannot reach them, but ruins; so he hoped the gods would still the women will come out to be taught help them until every town in Buziby a missionary. In one village I was land and elsewhere might come to told it was useless to call a women's

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Bakuzu for the new fire of the gospel they study together. Men are respectlight and book learning which the ful to the women and are ready· to American Church had started there. " give them equal rights. A new law is in force in Turkey now providing Growth in Duruma Country that all schools shall be a part of the civil life, and forbidding all religious THE English United Methodists re- Turkish schools. State and religion port of their stations in East Af- are now wholly separate and all legal rica: "There are stages in missionary courts are civil courts, and not, as work. There is the earliest stage, formerly, religious courts." – The Continent. when the coming of the missionary is Teaching Orphans Religion a great novelty and attracts universal attention, when it may be too readily THE Near East Relief has taken assumed that the general interest is recent action to give to the thirty the sign of religious inquiry. As the thousand children still in its orphanyears and the novelty pass away, the ages "a much more explicit preparalocality becomes accustomed to the tion for Christian and patriotic new institution and the lines of dis- service" before they are discharged. tinct division appear. The heathen A "director of Christian nurture" is maintains his heathen practices and to plan elementary programs of relithe Christian progresses in the new gious instruction which the orphanlife. 'l'he communities do not inter- age heads will be expected to use with mingle. This stage has prevailed at all children under their care. Thus our coast stations for many years. will be taught faith in God, imitation Then there advances another stage of Jesus in His example of doing good, when the native Church has developed and the duty of upright Christian its latent power and becomes an evan- living for the sake of their own nagelizing force. It appears that this tions and the world. For the catestage is dawning on some of the chetical training of the different ground where we have labored so long. churches interested, will be invited Mr. Griffiths says: 'The work is go- priests and pastors to whom the chiling on rapidly in Duruma as well as dren will be assigned according to the in the RiM circuit, more rapidly in- church connections of their faniilies, deed than we can cope with. Some of chiefly the Greek Orthodox and Arthe stations in Duruma are crowded menian Gregorian Churches. Those with scholars alld worshippers.''' closest in contact with the Near East are persuaded that without such a THE NEAR EAST foundation laid in the hearts of young people whom this great relief agency Social Changes in Turkey has rescued from death, there is little hope that Christianity will survive DR. MARY MILLS PATRICK, among the Armenians. Soviet athe- president emeritus of the Con- ism sadly ,pervades Armenia of the stantinople College for Women, who Caucausus, which is now the only arrived in New York Sept. 29th after place to which Armenians can look as having ·been actively engaged in edu- a homeland. cational work for women in Turkey for the last fifty-three years, says Hamlin Memorial in Syria that the women in Constantinople do not any longer veil their faces on the T HE sanitarium established near streets. They behave as Americans Beirut by Dr. Mary Pierson Eddy do and attend dances and other so- in Syria is now called "The Hamlin cial functions. Bobbed hair is com- Memorial't and is under the direction mon also. The Turkish headdress foI' of Mrs. Franklin E.. Hoskins, a sister the streets consists of a black or white of Dr. Eddy. The nurses include a scarf draped over the back of the head. No distinction between men and women is made at the schools and

Russian, a Moslem and a Syrian to pass through a street forbidden to Maronite. People of all sects and polluted castes. The Ohristian Patriot districts come there for treatment- of Madras thus reports the occurrence: from Bagdad, Constantinople and "The procession was arranged in a Egypt as well as from all parts of business-like manner and moved to- Syria. The people have a great dread wards the cordon of police drawn of tuberculosis so that their own across the street. The three men priests can with difficulty be per- chosen to offer civil disobedience ad- suaded to minister to them. The vanced and were stopped by the sanitarium is connected with the police, who would not allow the non- American Presbyterian Mission in caste man to proceed further. Then Syria. they remonstrated as they had the INDIA AND CEYLON right to make use of the street and sat Indian "Unity Conference" down. They were then arrested and taken to the police station. Caste AREMARKABLE gathering met at Hindus are now demanding a sus- Delhi the last week in September, pension of the campaign to discuss the made up of three hundred selected points at issue. The leaders with com- representatives of all the religious mendable patience and good-will are communities in India. It was called prepared to conduct an intensive edu- after Gandhi had announced the be- cative propaganda, and have accord- ginning of a three weekE!' fast in pen- ingly suspended the program. If in ance for' the Hindu-Moslem riots these negotiations a workable settle- resulting from friction between the ment is reached, it would redound to two sects. The conference adopted a the credit of the Travancore Hindus resolution expressing the opinion that and Government. If not, all eyes the utmost freedom of conscience was would be turned on this spot in India essential, condemning the desecration where untouchability has been pracof places of worship, disapproving ticed for centuries with relentless forcible conversion of the people of vigor and brutality. Social and politone faith to another, and assuring ical reformers are watching the fight Gandhi that the country would do its with great hopes and it is up to them utmost to enforce his principles. In to convince the Government and peoa ".basis of agreement" which was ple of their bona fide determination drawn up, Moslems are asked to recog- to carry it to a finish. "

nize the right of Hindus to play music before or in close proximity to Robber Village Transformed A mosques, and, as Hindus left the ques- ROBBER village in Bengal called Kuldea came under the influence tion of cow slaughter to the good sense of Moslems, the latter are urged to of a Methodist missionary a sJJ.ort leave the ,playing of music to the good time ago, and some of the people were sense of Hindus. The Moslems pledge baptized. The Indian Witness tells themselves not to force the Hindus to the story of the further development abandon their religious rites. A cen- in the village life: "Their besetting tral arbitration board, with Gandhi sin was drunkenness, for which they as its chairman, is established for the often suffered unjustly, the police tersettlement of all disputes arising be- rorizing over them. Finally the tween the various religious communi- bI'eaking-point was reached and the ties of India. missionary was appealed to for help.

Fighting Caste Distinctions Rev. A. M. Spencer met their need in a striking manner. A village 'pow- ATEST case on the "untouchabil- wow' was held at which grievances ity" issue occurred recently in were spoken of and remedies dis- Travancore, South India, where three cussed. Mr. Spencer agreed to stand Hindus were arrested for attempting by them and see justice meted out,

NEWS mOM MANY LANDS

but strongly advi:;;ed them to abandon We finally arranged with the son to their drinking habits. The leading loan him $400, taking a certain pro- men of the village rallied together in portion of his annual crops of rice as a crusade against the vice. A thor- security for the loan. The rice will ough search was made of every house be used in our schools."

of the village, and all utensils used for the manufacture or storing of Disturbed Conditions in Ohina L drink were collected. A big heap of AWLESSNESS still prevails in several districts in China. Mr. these was made in a public place, and they were destroyed with great cere- Stark, of the China Inland Mission, mony. The people are so much in Shanghai, writes: "The city of Liuearnest about their new manner of life anchow is evidently in the hands of that a club OJ' society of responsible members of the T([,-tao-huei (Great village folk has been formed. It Knife Society), who have driven out meets every evening, and the roll is the Magistrate and set the head of the called: the man absent is the man coolies in his place. The provincial suspected, and he is searched for until military authorities have been hurryfound." ing forward soldiers, and their CHINA wounded are now being brought back to Chengyangkwan.

Methods of Chinese Bandits "A letter from the Chinese evan- REV. l1::~. IIAWLEY, missionary gelist at Chenyuan, in Kweichow, re- of the M. E. Church in Yung ports that bandits have attacked the Chun, Fukien Province, writes: city, killing the Commander of the "Banditry, fostered and perpetuated garrison. Three days later they were by the soldiery, is on the increase all driven out by General Wang, but re- the time. Just yesterday a young turned in force, causing great destruc- man, one of our students, came to me tion to life and property. The inhab- trying to sell hiB family fields in an itants suffered greatly, and rich effort to raise funds to ransom his people, men and women alike, were father from the hands of one of the carried off and held at ransom. The notorious military-bandit chiefs of Chapel and Mission House were loot- this region. His father had been ed. Drought, seriously affecting har- seized for ransom. Our Chinese vest prospects, is reported from sev- preacher at that place went to see the eral districts in Kansu and Shansi, officials of this bandit chief to nego- whilst floods, resulting from excessive tiate for the release of this man. At rainfall, are destroying or threaten- first $7,000 was demanded, but grad- ing to destroy the crops in Chihli.

ually the price was ' ,bargained' , Parts of Peking and Tientsin have down to $1,200 cash, and immediate been inundated, and much property payment or else further torture would has been damaged. The water in the be applied to the captive. And this Yangtse is abnormally high, the depth torture is no fictitious thing: a victim at Hankow having reached more than is beaten with bamboo strips; his 47 feet, the foreign concessions being thumbs are tied tightly together with consequently flooded."

a cord, and then a thin wooden wedge A telegram dated, "Shanghai, is driven between the thumbs until . August 13th," speaks of devastating the cord cuts clear through the flesh floods causing enormous loss of life, to the bone. There are other methods and of Chine~e soldiers working day too horrible to write about. In this and night at the dykes holding back particular case the father had been the flooded waters, especially of the thus tied up by the thumbs, and he Grand Canal. "Many towns, tens of sent out word to his son to sell every- thousands of villages, and great tracts thing the family possessed if neces- of country have been submerged. The sary, to get the $1,200 for his release. provinces chiefly affected seem to be

Chihli, Honan, Hunan and Kwang- is easier and the wife has not so many tung and it is feared that the probable relatives to please. The ,present-day loss of life cannot have been much less young women who have secured a than 50,000, whilst the homeless must Western brand of education and abnumber several millions." sorbed new ideas, do not approve of leaving the choice of their husbands Canton College Oflleers entirely to their parents. Yet, with no mixed social life, how are they to THE election' of James McClure make a choice of their own ~ Co-edu- Henry as President of Canton cational social life exists to a limited Christian College, and of Wing extent in a few colleges and the Kwong Chung as Associate President Christian Student Movement is bringwas announced in a "Personal" item ing men and girls together." The in the August REVIEW. Interesting problem of bringing young Chinese facts about both men are given in an students together to meet on terms of announcement issued by the trustees equality and to hear the same ideals of the college. President Henry, is being met by the student Y. M. whose father, Rev. B. C. Henry, D.D., and Y. W. C. A. with union meetings served the college in its formative and other activities. years as its second president, knows China from within, having been born The Gospel in the Wild. in Canton and spent his boyhood there. He is a graduate of Wooster THE Miao country in southern University and of Union Theological China, where Rev. and Mrs. H. Seminary. Since 1909 his work has Parsons of the English United Methbeen in China, where he became Pro- odists are at work, is so mountainous fessor of Theology at the Union Theo- that it seems to have been created as logical College of Canton. He joined a home for outlaws, and the absence the Canton College faculty as Execu- of any of the marks of modern civilitive Secretary in 1919 and was made zation still more suggests the desig- Vice-President in 1922. Associate nation" the wilds. " Nevertheless Mr. President Wing Kwong Chung is a Parsons wanders over his wide dio- Scholar of the First and Second cese without much cone-ern for his Chinese Degrees. safety, though in constant touch with strange events. On the principle that Problems of Cbinese Marriage a thief must be set to catch a thief, the head of the military forces in this MISS CATHERINE VANCE, Y. district is a pardoned brigand. With W. C. A. secretary at Tsinanfu, his band of marauders he was for a China, writes that the question of long time the terror of the region. setting up homes of their own, in- :Mr. Parsons visited him and was stead of settling in the family com- graciously received. "It was interpound, where whole family groups esting," says Mr. Parsons, "to hear live as a single unit, is being widely his professions of loyalty and his discussed. among educated young peo- eagerness to protect us and all our ple. Often 8B many as forty-five people. He heard with interest of our adults and children in these family leper work, expressed hearty approval groups live nnder the rule of the and willingness to contribute. I must mother-in-law. "One hears argu- send for his subscription soon lest he ments from both sides among the turn brigand again and become less young women students," writes Miss accessible than now:" The work Vance. "The majority of the stu- among the River Miao promises great dents seem to approve of the small developments, if it were. possible to home, because they say, a man takes supply preachers and teachers equal more responsibility for the support of to the demand. These people are conhis family when he does not share it stantly coming from new and distant with others. The training of children

NEWS FnOM MANY LANDS

districts asking for teachers to be crease in fox worship this year. A sent to them. small shrine in the east of Hiroshima has been expensively rebnilt, and since Evangelism in Tibet . the priestess in charge has a great reputation for wisdom, people go and I N Batang, the scene of Dr. Shel- consult her abont illness, lucky days. don's martyrdom, the Disciples and all sorts of other problems, givmissionaries are now carrying on a ing large sums of money as thankfull evangelistic program. Rev. Rus- offerings. One man gave 1,000 mochi sell Morse writes of the services held (pounded rice cakes) for a festival, every Sunday: "J!'irst is the Lord's promising as many again if needed by Supper and preaching for the Tibetan the worshippers. At another fox Christians. So far only Christians shrine last month, in one day, Y30 have been allowed to attend this serv- was given in small coins by over 300 ice. Next is held the Tibetan Bible worshippers. " school. There are five classes at present, men, women, intermediate boys, Funds for Luthera.n School juniors and primary. At the general preaching service for Chinese men, it THE Women's M~ssionary Society is inspiring to see the respectful and of the United Lutheran Chureh in earnest attention given by these men, America reports $210,000 received in more than half of whom are soldiers. answer to its call for $175,000 to the rest beip.g merchants, secretaries build Kuyshu J 0 Gakuin, a new school and artisans. Weare in Tibetan ter- for girls in Kumamoto, Japan. ~he ritory for the salvation of the Tibet- amount will be further supplemented ans, but the Chinese are here as the by arlditional gifts that have been ruling class and we must bring them pledged, which will make possible to Cbrist also. These services are fol- better buildings and equipment than lowed by the Lord's Supper for the the missionaries of that denomination Chinese, at which again only Chris- had dared to hope for. tians are present. 'l'here is also daily preaching at the hospital and B'ible Growth in a Quarter Century study for the pupils at the school. On Tuesday afternoons our evangel- REV. HENRY M. BRUEN, Presists go out to preach in near-by vil- byterian missionary in Taiku, lages.-World Call. Korea, draws some interesting con- trasts, which are quoted in The Con- JAPAN AND CHOSEN tinent, between conditions which he found in Taiku on his arrival there in Japanese Superstitions 1899 and the present flourishing state of the mission and of native Christi- AN editorial in the September anity in that city. Twenty-five years Church Missionary Gleaner com- ago there was but one baptized Chrisments: " Japan is still at the cross- tian in the town and five catechumens; roads. She is clinging tenaciously to the entire body of those interested in her old superstitious veneration for Christianity was not more than thirty the imperial ancestors as a weapon or thirty-five. The only preaching in with which to combat 'dangerous that city previous to the arrival of thought.' She is still forcing the Mr. Bruen had been done by a native primary school children to bow at the evangelist. Today, from this insiglocal Shinto shrines, and her Prince nificant beginning, Christianity has Regent and his bride to report their developed into five Presbyterian wedding before the shrines of their churches and nine other Protestant imperial ancestors." churches within the city of Taiku. Twelve more Presbyterian churches A further illustration of these con- surround the city within a ring not ditions is given in a letter from a mis- more than three miles wide. Within sionary in the same magazine, who says: "There seems to be a great in-

the whole mission field as adminis- ability to stand alone. Dr. Newell tered from Taiku there are 500 native writes in the Missionary Herald of congregations with a total baptized the success of the present Governormembership of 7,000, with 10,000 in General, Baron Saito, in breaking catechetical classes and 20,000 more down the old prejudices, and in winadhering avowedly to the church. ning the esteem and confidence of There are two hospitals within the Koreans and foreigners. He continfield. That at rraiku is staffed by two ues: "And since the Administration foreign physicians, and one foreign Superintendent, Dr. Mizuno, was two nurse, with two physicians and six years ago replaced by Mr. Ariyoshi, nurses drawn from among the Kor- confidence in the administration has eans themselves. There are 700 pupils been greatly enhanced; for the amiin all the field, 400 of whom are in able and efficient and gentlemanly the boys' academy and the girls' Governor·General has now as his first academy at Taiku. A leper asylum lieutenant an equally amiable and gives shelter and treatment to 250 efficient Christian gentleman, and inmates. these two form an administrative team that for general excellence it Tithing Time in" Korea would be hard to match in any land. Mr. Ariyoshi is a Kumiai church mem- THE way that Korean Ohristians ber, and does not fail to let his light tithe their time, as well as their shine. The fine address he made at money, for God's service, has been the opening of the new Y. M. O. A. described "in the REVIEW. A South- building here, before a large audience, ern Presbyterian missionary in Kun- many of whom were from the governsan, Miss Lavelette Dupuy, tells how ment offices, was a good sermon in this tithing works: "Market day is which he expressed his belief that every fifth day, and all the merchants Jesus Christ was the only hope of the come in with their goods and sit in world." the market place from morning until night. Our helpers use this time for ISLANDS OF THE SEA their tithed service. 'fhey hold services at this place and sell their Church Finances in Fiji Gospels. The women go from house to house preaching. Sometimes a AMEMBER of the Australian notice is given out that all who wish Methodist mission in Fiji writes to preach or work in a certain village of recent developments in the Fijian will meet at the church. Many volun- Ohurch, which for years has been alteer, and out they go in different di- most self-supporting: rections meeting together in the evening to report on their work."- "For some years past we have fol- Christia1~ Observer. lowed the practice of dividing equally the moneys raised; one half has been FriendJy OfficiaJs in Korea applied to the support of the native ministry and to various circuit ex- AT the request of the Kumiai (Oon- penses; the other half has been de- gregational) churches in Japan, voted to the salaries, allowances, the American Board in the autumn of houses, and traveling expenses of the 1923 transferred Rev. H. B. Newell, European missionaries. Henceforth D.D., and Mrs. Newell from Matsu- the Fijian Church will be entirely reyama, Japan, to Seoul, Korea, to act sponsible for all expenses in connecas "adviser and unifying agency" tion with the district, with the excepfor the 9,000 Korean Ohristians in the tion of the salaries and allowances of churches which had been established the white Rtaff. These will be borne by Japanese missionaries and, after by the Ohurch at home. In order to being aided for some years by the allow the Fijians to express more ade- Kumiai churches, had declared their quately their interest in world evan- gelization, to which they have given

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

so many of their noble sons and proved to be an urgent order from an daughters, it has been decided to or- Australian Methodist missionary in ganize missionary meetings and mis- Fiji for six copies of the Phelps-Stokes Hionary contributions much along the Report on African Education. A let- lines of those at home. The Fijians ter following the cable said: " The will thus be led, we believe, to a African Education Report is the best more intelligent and even deeper in- thing of its kind. I cabled for copies terest in the great task of winning the· because of certain deliberations here Pacific for Christ." in which the Report will be of great service. We have a complex educa- The "Vailala Madness" tional problem with 80,000 native REV. H. M. DAUNCEY writes Fijians, for the most part Christians, from Papua, New Guinea, to the and 60,000 Indians, mostly non-Chris- Chronicle of the London Missionary tians. The need for adaptation which Society that "what is officially known is so strongly expressed in the Phelps- as the Vailala Madness" has reached Stokes Report is a pressing one, as is the whole question of native education his district. "There is no doubt," he says, "as in the South Pacific." "Thus," says to the religious and even Christian the Intel"national Review of Missions, element in it, but it's a strange mix- "via an Australian missionary, the ture with its sacred place (flagstaff, Commission sent by an American shelter, table and seats) where the Fund to study education in Africa is young men meet to read their New serving the cause in Fiji. Truly the Testaments; to which they bring world is one!"

their sick to pray over them, and The Bible in the South Seas where some sleep at night as though on watch. Mixed with this is the drill F OR the peoples who inhabit the superintended by men who have been islands of the Southern Seas which in the Armed Constabulary. Nevi form part of the British Empire, the sticks, which represent rifles, are Bible (or some part of it) has been stored on the sacred platform or table. translated into no fewer than seventy- The physical side of the movement is three languages. None of these islanddistressing. The victim begins by ers possessed an alphabet before the walking about, but the pace quickens missionaries reduced their language till it is a wild rush and ends in the to writing. These versions, of which man falling down completely ex- the British and Foreign Bible Society hausted. To try if individual cases has published sixty-four, are discould be controlled I kept men with tributed as follows: me all day, and part of the night, re- For New Guinea and other islands govstraining every attempt to rush away, erned by Australia …………•… 27 but as soon as they were left to them- For Samoa a]]d the Cook Islands ad- ministered by New Zealand .. .'…. 3 selves the desire reasserted itself in so For the New Hebrides (administered conjointly by Great Britain and strong a form as to suggest the desire France) ……………………. 26 to make up for lost time. How much For the Solomon and Banks Islands. . • 13 truth there is in the statement that For the Fiji, Tonga, and Gilbert Islands 4 the drill is with a view to driving the white man from the country, I cannot tell, nor find out. To me the men will GENERAL World's Week of Prayer not admit any."

FOLLOWING its custom of seven- Australia, Africa o.nd Fiji ty-eight years, the World's Evan- ALONG cablegram in an unrecog- gelical Alliance has sent out its 1"1. nized code puzzled the office staff announcement of the Universal Week of the International Missionary Coun- of Prayer, which in 1925 is to be held cil recently. When deciphered, it from Sunday, January 4th to Satur-

day, January 10th. 'fhe topics sug- torial shows, and other spectacles of gested for the successive days are: horrid cruelty to man; (2) human sacrifices; (3) polygamy; (4) ex- Monday, Thanksgiving and Humilia- posure of children; (5) slavery in its tion; Tuesday, the Church Universal, .the " One Body" of Which old forms, and has nearly accom- Christ Is the Head; Wednesday, Na- plished the work in its new; (6) cantions and Their Rulers; Thursday, nibalism. Next, Christianity estab- lished (1) generally speaking, the Missions; Friday, Families, Schools, moral and social equality of women; Colleges and the Young; Saturday, (2) the duty of relieving the poor, the Home Base and the Jews. For the sick and the affiicted; (3) peace, sermons and addresses on the opening instead of war, as the ordinary, normal, presumptive relation between Sunday the following t.exts are sug- nations. Here is a goodly list. I gested: speak not of what it taught. It taught "This is the name whereby He 8han be the law of mutual love. It proscribed caUed, the Lord our Righteousne&8"." all manner of sin. But the preceding (Jeremiah 23: 6-8.) particulars refer to what, besides say- " N 8W heavens and a. new earth wherein ing, it did, besides trying, it accomdwelleth Righteousness." (2 Peter 3: 13.) plished_ And in everyone of these in- The Jews of the World stances, except that of cannibalism, the exhibition of what it did is in PUBLICATION of the American glaring contrast, not with barbarous Jewish Year Book for the year but with the most highly civilized life 5685 gives the latest available facts as such as it was exhibited by the Greeks to the nUlIl:ber of Jews, and their dis- and Romans in the most famous ages of both." tribution throughout the countries of the world. These facts are summar- ized by the Christian Century as follows: The .Jewish population of the world is over 15,500,000. More than two thirds of World'8 Living Religions the Jews live in Emope, and nearly 25 per WIDE interest has been aroused by the book " The World'8 Living cent live in North and South America. Religions, " by Robert Ernest Hume, Ph.D., professor in Union Theological Asia, Africa and Australia together have Seminary and formerly of India. The following table quoted from it conless than 8 per cent of the total Jewish stitutes a useful summary: population. The bulk of the Jews of Europe live in Central Europe, where they f?rm about 8 per cent of the total popula- tlOn. . There are approximately 3,500,000 Jews III Pol and. Palestine has 83,794 Je wths~ const ituting a li ttle over 11 Jl€r cent of population. Jerusalem is reported as· having F{)1jnded in Followers 33,971 Jews out of a total population of Hinduism 2000-1500 B.C. 217,000,000 1l,000,000 62,578. There are 798,612 Jews in the Judaism 1500.-1200 B.C. 16,00.0,000 10.0,000 British Empi!!'; 295,000. live in Great Shinto 660 B.C. 43,000,00.0 1,Oo.(),o.OO Britain and northern Irelaod. In France Zoroastrianism 660 B.C. 137,0.0.0.,0.00 and her possessions there are 551,00.0. Jews. Taoism 60.4 B.C. 250,0.0.0.,000 557,000.,000 In the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics JainiBm. 599 B.C. 230,000,000.

there are 3,38,0,429 .Jews. There are about Buddhism 560. B.C. 3,000,0.0.0 100.,000 Jews in Siberia. Of the 3,740',00.0 Corrfucianism 551 B.C.

Jews in North America, it is estimated that Christianity 4 B.C.

New York City has about 1,500,000., Chicago Mohammedanism 570. A.D.

225,0.00, and Philadelphia 200,000'. Sikhism 1469 A.D.

I.

World's Debt to Christianity For Value Received "LETTERS on the Church and Re- $1.00. spent for lunch lasts 5 hOurB. ligion," by William E. Glad- $1.00 spent for a necktie lasts 5 weeks. stone contains a very inter~sting summary of what the world owes to $1.0.0 spent for a cap lasts 5 months. Christianity. He says: $1.00. spent for an auto lasts 5 years. "Christianity abolished (1) gladia- $1.0.0. spent for a railroad lasts 5 decades.

$1.00 sJl€nt in God's service lasts for eter- nity. RoOOER. W. BABSON.

MISSIONARY

NOTE.-Any books mentioned in these pages ';'ill be sent. fr(}m the office of the REVIEW on receipt of listed price, postage prepaid.

Race and Race Relations. Robert E. Speer. versity of Bombay, has made an im· S Yo. 434 PI'. $2.50. New York. 1924. portant contribution on race differ- Next in importance to the question ences, the teaching of Hinduism and of a man's relation to God comes the Mohammedanism and the solution of problem of a man's relation to his fel- the race problem. This eminent Inlowmen. The greatest obstacle to a dian was a believer in Christ as the right relation is the lack of a realiza- highest fulfilment of Hinduism-a tion of our common relationship to manifestation of God but not God in- God through Jesus Christ, His Son. carnate. Separation on account of differences Dr. Speer's book is one for the dis- in race is, especially in Christian ciples and followers of Christ to study and pray over. Those of other races lands, one of·the greatest obstacles to have much to teach Christians of the the practice to true Christian brother- white race. We may also learn much liness.. This is the Home Mission sub- from the disciples of other religions ject for study in church circles this but we need most of all to be true year, and Dr. Speer has, in this vol- learners at the feet of Christ and to ume, presented a very large amount put His teachings and example into of valuable information on human practice.' The ill-treatment of the contacts as viewed .from a Christian Jews by nominal Christians has been standpoint. What he could' not do, the greatest hindrance to the accept- because of limited space, in the smal- ance of Christ by Hebrews; the atti- ler study book, "One Blood", he has tude of the white race in America done here in presenting" source mate- toward the Negroes has prevented rial" for a deeper study of the sub- them from coming into their full ject. Christian heritage; the superior atti- Alter con!>idering carefully the tude of many missionaries toward na- .

fundamental facts in regard to the tives in Asia and Africa has hindered origin and nature of race distinctions, the development of the indigenous Dr. Speer takes up the idea of race churches.

superiority and the errors involved in While this volume is a scientific these ideas. He presents abundant study of facts and viewpoints con- facts showing the good and evil of cerning race relations, the reader is race distinctions and carefully con- led to see that a faithful and sympa- siders the specific race problems of the thetic following of the spirit and day and the various solutions offered. teachings of Christ offers the only The race problem is a challenge to hope for a solution of the race prob- Christianity and the manifestation of, lem. Mankind has been created by the spirit of Christ offers the solution. God" Of One Blood" and into man Among the most interesting and il- He breathed the breath of life. Since luminating portions of this stimula- the Church is one Body, of which ting study are the first-hand views Jesus Christ is the Head, His fol- quoted from men and women of non- lowers have no excuse for manifesting Caucasian races. An Indian states- racial superiority over their fellow man, the late Sir Narayan Chanda- Christians or for treating their rellow- varkar, ex-vice chancellor of the Uni. men in an unChristian spirit.

1015

Progress of World-Wide Missions. Robert of God, and his experience as mission- H. Glover. Maps. 8 va. 416 pp. $2.50. New York. 1924. ary, executive and student have given There has been need for a new, up- him a practical understanding of. to-date, general history of missions– and here it is. Beginning with Old Christian problems and progress. His Testament ideals and passing on to Apostolic missions, Dr. Glover goes on valuable compendium of Christian to describe briefly but effectively missions in the early Church, in medireval missions is packed full of interesting days, during and following the Reformation, and in modern times. He information. The book also reveals takes up the non-Christian countries separately, ending with missions to an intelligent and confident faith in the Jews, the needs of unoccupied fields and the present outlook. The the authority of the Scriptures and in index is very complete and shows the broad scope of the work and the the efficacy of. the salvation provided wealth of detail included. The maps are inadequate but serve to locate by Jesus Christ, the Eternal Son of fields. The book is readable but is especially valuable for mission study God. . classes, with. questions at the close of each chapter. Those who master the The Arab at Home. Paul W. Harrison, facts here presented will be well in- M.D. 8 va. 337 pp. $3.50. New York. formed on missions and their zeal will 1924. be stirred. Those who have heard Dr. Harrison Missionary history includes the tell of his adventures in Arabia and story of a victorious conflict against describe the Bedouins of the desert, slavery, superstition, idolatry, drunk- will eagerly read this volume, which enness, and all forms of personal and contains these features and much social sins; the marvelous metamor- more. Ibn Saoud, the ruler of the phosis of individuals from savagery to Wahabis, and recent capturer of sainthood, and the transformation of Mecca, is a friend of the medical mis- .whole communities from a menace to sionary and to him the book is dedia blessing to mankind. It is no cated — though in good society in wonder, therefore, that even the brief America he would not be received. record of "The Progress of W orId He invited Dr. Harrison, a missionary Wide Missions" should be full of fas- of the Reformed Church in America, cination and should suggest many in- to visit Riadh, his capital, from which viting by-paths for further investiga- other "Christian dogs" are excluded. tion. To another missionary, Dr. Dame, Ibn Saoud probably owes his life. Dr. Glover, who is now in charge of the Department of. Missions in Moody The" Arab at Home" is graphically Bible Institute, Chicago, was for fif- pictured in his strength and weakness, teen years a missionary in China his ignorance and his wisdom, his under the Christian and Missionary nobility and his fanaticism. Though Alliance. He has traveled over one Dr. Harrison is a missionary he has hundred thousand miles in foreign not written a distinctly missionary lands, visiting missions in Japan, book and only indirectly in passing Korea, the Philippines, Indo-China, describes the work of the Arabian India, Africa, the Near East and Mission. Some authorities will dis- Latin America. His medical and agree with his idealistic picture of the theological training have combined to .Arab of the desert, but the portrait give him a comprehensive knowledge shows a strong race greatly in need of the Gospel of Christ.

In his characteristically picturesque style, and with touches of humor, Dr. Harrison tells many incidents of his life with the I}edouin of the desert, the oasis communities, pearl divers of the East Coast, in the mountain dis- trict of Oman, and among the .Arabs of Mesopotamia. He graphically de- scribes the Arab Sheikh, the rule of (Concluded on page 1018.)

E. SPEER'S NEW

Race and Race Relationships A Christian View of Human Contacts. The Basis of the Missionary Education Movement's Studybook "Of One Blood."

Dr. Speer's new book sets forth the Christian's solution of the problem of race re- lations. A source book of material on the race question as well as a constructive state- ment of the Christian view. $3.50 "THE WORLD'S LIVING RELIGIONS" SERIES Edited by Frank Knight Sanders and Harlan Page Beach Roman Christianity in Latin America By Webster E. Browning, Ph.D., Litt.D.

Dr. Browning, Educational Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, has spent twenty-seven years as a missionary in South America, and he has seen Roman Catholici:;.m in operation at close quarters. $r.oo THE GRAND OLD MAN OF HOME MISSIONS Charles Lemuel Thompson An Autobiography Late Secretary of -the Board of Home Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Edited by Elizabeth Osborn Thompson The record of a long, colorful, remarkably full and useful life, of one of the out- standing figures in the Christian activities of the Western world, told with fine modesty and admirable restraint. $2·50 LATEST STORIES OF MISSION WORK The Two of Us in Africa Beginning Again at Ararat Dicie M. Rittenhouse Mabel E. Elliott, M.D.

Adventures in Africa of Two Little Girls The Truth about the Near East. With Introduction by Dr. John H. Finley. of Different Colors. <fA volume to make one weep, and think, and Crowded with incident depicting life on the Dark most of all to make one believe in Christ as Continent, manners, customs, superstitions, and the only hope of the world."-Presbyterian Ad- missionary activities are graphically described in vance. Illustrated, ,S.OO a way which renders the narrative unusually faSCI- Illustrated. ,1.50 nating to the young. Jane in the Orient Nyilak and Other African Lois Hawks Swinehart Sketches Introduction by Egbert W. Smith, D.D. Mabel Easton "Entertainingly written. It gives glimpses of "Such a glamor of romance! :lfabel Easton picturesque lands and peoples which have an inknows how to tell the story of the black people of herent appeal. Everything in Japan and Korea the African Inland MIssion, and to make them intrigues Jane, vividly temperamental-save misreal people before your eyes."-Bible Champion. sionary work. But of cour$e (else why the story) that does in th~ end."-Boston Transcript. Illustrated. $1.00 Second Edition. ,1.25 CHILDREN'S MISSIONARr SERIES Children of South America Katherine A. Hodge of 1;arlie.r issues in thi.s series were: Children Madagascar, Children of Jerusalem, Children of ~~:~~, 8l:gg:::: offB~~~~, ~hllTr~~J ofh;:fric~, ~hi~i~~ ju~~~~, C~~~~nDfoin~~~rCiifJre;h~tr.Tapa~: Children of Ceylon, Children of Jamaica, and Children of E;gypt. Each, 90 cents FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY New York. :: 158 Fifth Avenue Chicago. 17 North Wabash Avenue Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

(Concluded from page 1016') is obviously a British book, as its the Turk and the British regime. He references indicate, and is intended makes us understand better the for comparatively uninformed young Mohammedan faith and customs and readers. The incidents and scenes of shows up the influence of ' , Western home life in China, especially the lives Heathenism. " He tells of how the of children, are well deseribed. There Arab reacts to Christianity and de- are a few indirect references to Chrisscribes the bringing of medicine and tian missionary work. surgery into Arabia by the missionary. Comaby of Hanyang. Coulson Kernahan und Mrs. Wm. Cornaby. 12mo. 156 pp. The unique and picturesque de- 28, 6d. London. 1923. scription of the Arab gives us a new insight into the every-day life in Here is a sketehy but excellent por- Arabia. The book is written from trait of William Arthur Cornaby, a personal experience with the Arab, Wesleyan Methodist missionary in gained through twelve years of service China from 1885 to 1921. He was a as a medical missionary and through literary and a spiritual force in China, tours into the interior. whose writings have something of the quality of Robert Louis Stevenson; With Lawrenc.e in Arabia. Lowell Thomas. was a member of the editorial staff Illus. 8 vo. 408 pp. $4.00. New York. of the Christian Literature Society; 1924. editor of the Ta Tung Pa, a Chris- tian magazine for Chinese officials and This "~odern Arabian Knight" is scholars, and author of "China under a young Englishman who created an the Search Light" and other volumes. Arabian army to fight against the Mr. Cornaby was preeminently a man Turks as allies of the British. The of prayer, humble and yet courageous, story of Col. Lawrence's work is one industrious, a wide reader and devoted of the fascinating and fantastic to children. romances bequeathed to us by the Great War. It is a story of Arabian Women of 1924. Edited by Ida C.· Clarke. days and nights, more strange than 12 mo. 386 pp. $1.00. New York. 1924. fiction, and yet declared to be true. When thc war started, Col. Lawrence, Women are taking an increasingly the" Mystery Man of Arabia," was a large and important place in politics, twenty-six-year-old archeologist with in education and in business. They a genius for generalship. He is now are maintaining their supremacy as British Adviser on Arab Affairs. home-makers and in Christian work. This new annual gives a record of Mr. Thomas, a great admirer of Col. their activities and officials, not only Lawrence, describes how the archeolo- in the United States but in other gist turned soldier, gathered desert lands as well. tribes into armies, captured Solomon '8 ancient seaport, wrecked T.urkish rail- Apolo of the Pygmy Forest. A. B. Lloyd. roads, enlisted the cooperation of the Paper. 12 m,o. 62 pp. Is. London. Bedouin Robin Hood, went through 1923. 'furkish lines in disguise, became ruler of Damascus, organized the" Arabian The Anglican Archdeacon of West- Knights of the Air," narrowly ern Uganda, the author of a number escaped death, and had many other of books on Africa, here tells the story adventures. of a native Canon of the English Church. He is a man of fine face, of China and Her Peoples. Lena E. Johnston. real ability and Christlike character. 12 mo. 136 pp. $1.50 net. New York. While some distanee from thr 1924. "pygmy forest," the diocese bordered on Pygmy Land. The sketch gives The orrlinary, generally known, an excellent idea of missionary work facts about China and the Chinese are in Uganda and its results. presented here in a chatty style. It

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Liberalizing Liberal JUdaism. James Consecutive R,eg.diU&S Waterman Wise. 150 pp. $1.50. Mae· for the whole Bible millau Co. New York. 1924. 12 Beautiful Ha.beeb, a Boy of Palestine. Mary Ent- Engravings wistle. 92 pp. 28. Church Missionary Society. London. Size 9%, x 16* inches Frontispiece : Religion in Russia Under the Soviets. TheGoodShephel'd Richard J. Cooke. 302 pp. $2.00. Abing. B¥ Ploelchont don Press. New York. 1924. in the Finest With Lawrence in Arabia. Lowell Thomas. Color Work Possible 408 pp. $4.00. Century Co. New York. 1924. SO Cents Each 4 for $1.00 Andrew Young of Shensi. J. C. Keyte. 313 pp. 68. Carey press. London. 1924. 12 for $2.75 25 for $5.00 Some Chinese Friends of Mine. Mary F. 50 for $9.50 Kelly. 196 pp. Powell & White. llin· 100 for $17.00 cinnati. 1924. Further reductions India's Outcasts: a New Era. W. S. Hunt. 113 pp. Is 6d. Church Missionary So· onb~rr~i~~up!I~.ies ciety. London. 1924. (Concluded on page 1022.) Ideal for a Christmas or New Year Gift Agents wanted in every Church and Community :'a ~ Business Women Are daily becoming a more important fac. Ideal for Pastors and Teachers 'to use as Gilts. tor in the business life of the nation. EVANGELICAL PUBLISHERS With greater responsibilities come new problem,. and the need for more intelli. 856·860 College Ave. TORONTO, CANADA gent consideration of them. FOR DISTINCTIVE Business women today from coast to coast are meeting in clubs, societies and CHRISTMAS GIFTS informal groups to discuss these problems of their business life. buy Chinese Jasmine Tea and Canton Crystalli~ed Ginger And they are reading The tea comes in packages of two sizes. "The Ways of a Business Woman" The larger contains enough tea for 300 cupfuls, wrapped in a unique Chinese hempell By MARION LELA NORRIS basket. and MARY WELLES CLAPP The smaller package is a handpainted A stimulating series of informal conver· teatable box containing enough tea for 75 sations on situations arising in women's cupfuls. There are dozens of designs in the business life. original hand decorating, some of them de- cidedly oriental and. others suggestive of This series of typical modern situations Christmas, such a", a lighted candle, a poin~ i. paralleled by Biblical incidents, and settia, an evergreen tree. topics for discussion are suggested. Tea in Chinese baskets ……•..••• $1.25 Tea in decorated boxes ……•…. .50 Also Canton Crystallized Ginger in fancy $1.25 .75 boxes, 1 lb. ….••…….•….• Canton Crystallized Ginger in fancy boxes, % lb. .•••••……..•….

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NEW BOOKS PERSONALS (Concluded from page 1021') CHARl.ES E. HURLBlJRl', Director of the The Struggle for Power in Moslem Asia. Africa Inland Mission, now at home on fur- lough, has taken over full control of the E. Alexander Powell. 3B9 1'1'. $2.50. home work. Century Co. New York. 1923.

The Relations Between Arabs and Israel- REV. GEORGE Al.EXANDER, D.D., has re- ites Prior to the Rise of Islam. D. S. sigued as President of the Board of Foreign MargoJi.outh. The Schweich Lectures for Missions of the Presbyterian Church after 1921. 86 pp. 68. Oxford University holding the office twenty-one years. He has Press. London. 1924. been a member of the board forty-one yea,rs.

The Secret of the Near East. George M. * Lamsa. j 77 pp. $L50. 32 West 58th Street. New York. 1923. M,SS TETSU YASUI has been inaugnrated president of the Womau 's Christian College The Rebirth of Turkey. Clair Price. 234 of Tokyo, one of the seven womens' union pp. $3.00. Thomas Seltzer. New York. colleges in the Orient. 1923. * The Laws and Customs of the Yoruba Peo- ple. A. K. Ajisafe. 97 pp. 3s, 6d. REV. '1. S. PROKHANOFF, of Leningrad, Routledge. London. 1924. Russia, President of the All-Russian Union of }JvangelicaI Christians, and Vice-Presi· Lutheran Mission Work Among the Amer- dent of the Baptist World Congress, held at ican Indians. Albert Kei"er. 186 pp. Stockholm, Sweden, last year, began in Sep- Augsburg Publishing House. Minneapolis. tember a speaking tour in America under 1922. the auspices of the Russia Evangelization Society. The Isles of the Western Sea: The Story of Methodist Missions in the West Indies * and Central America. Am3s Burnet. 64 PI'. 1.. W. M. llf. S. London. 1924. REV. JOHN TBtO'l'HY STONE, D.D., of the Fourth Presbyterian Churc]], Chica.go, ex- In Coral Isles. E. If. Gates. 256 PI'. $1.35. peets to leave early in December for a year's Review '111d Herald Publishing Associa- tour of the mission fields of Asia. tion. "rashington. 1923. OBITUARY Conferences of Christian Workers Among Moslems, 1924. 152 pp. International R·EV. C. Eo COWMAN, founder of the Missionary Council, 2 Eaton Gate, London, Oriental Mis,~ionary Soeiety of J a.pan, died S. W. i. 347 Madison Avenue, New York. on September 27th after a long illness.

Ancestor Worship in Africa. James Thayer MISS ALICE lf. GUERNSEY, for many years Addison. 17 pp. Reprinted from The erl.ltor, business manager and general pub- Harvard Theological Review, 1924, Vol. hsher fO]· the Woman's Home Missionary XVJI (No.2). Society of the M. E. Church, died recently at Ocean Grove. The Medicine Man. John Lee Maddox. 330 PI'. $2.25. ibcmiIlan Go. New York. DR. A. P. PARKE&, of the 111. E. ChurCh, 1923. South, one of the oldest and best-known of Am€rican missionaries in China, died in Sep_ The Religion of the Rigveda. H. D. Gris- tember. wold. 'I'lle ReligiDus Quest of India Series. 392 PI'. 12s, Ga. Oxford Uni- versity Press. London. 1923.

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have been linked by the The Spread of God's Kingdom courage and daring of our aviators. through the organization of Sunday- Schools in communities throughout this Heaven and earth ar.e country in which there are now no reli- brought into daily contact gious services, and through the publication by the Heroes of the Cross! of evangelical helps for these schools.

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The Missionary Review of the World — April 1924

HARTFORD

PRESIDEXT DANJO EBI~'~-A) of the Doshish~, SEMINARY FOUNDATION :It'eompnll1ed by Hpy, .leI'OnJ:' C. H()ln~('s, of Kyoto is ,-isiting the l:nite<l States ]]j the Hartford, Conn. jlltere~ts of the uniyersity. W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President HEV. BHENTO:N T. BADLEY, D.D., -whu YaH horn in India tl11cl has been for tWPllty-fnUl' Theological Seminary years eng:1g'ecl ill missionary Rel'yj(:(, thpl'cJ Dean. M. W. Jacobus is the new (?ditol' of the Indian TITitU{'.';s. School of Religious Pedagogy RE.v. ERXEST nr. HIGGs, AHSOe1atc ~('(:l'l~­ Dean, E. H. Knight tary oi thr American Roanl. :~ft(>r :!ttcll~llllg the Neal' E:Hlt Coufcrences thls sIn'lllg', IS tu Kennedy School of Missions yisit tho Afr)('(1 ~r.issions of 11 is ]Jo<lrd. Dean. E. W. Capen "'fRS. HELE'" B.tRRI<TT C'lloXTGo)]ERY has Through these associated schools Hartford offers completed :.L new translation uf the ~O' full training for Testament, vhieh is to be widely used by the Baptists in the League of New Testa· 1. The Christian Ministry. ment Reude1's "yhil'h they are orgalllzmg. 2. Religious Education and Social Service. 3. The Foreign Field. REV. 'V3I. A. 'l'HO~[AS, of Point Hope, Alaska the most northel'll station of the Each school has its indepenuent faculty and its Episcopal Church, has )'eceived a gift of " own institutional life and together they form one mdio set, which it is expected will keep IUlll interdenominational institution with the unity of a in daily touch ,,-ith the rnited ~·ltates. common aim and spirit. through Seattle. The plan for a group of eight buildings for the BISHOP H01fER C. STUNTZ, of the :II. E. Foundation, including dormitories, library, chapel, Church, suffet'ed from a serious stl'Oke of gymnasium. as well as separate buildings for each apoplexy wllile in :lliami, Fla., the llliddle of school, is being carried out. The first of th~se -.b-'ebruary. He is sillce T('pOl'H'd ROlllf'whnt LJl1ilding~, the Vomen's Dormitory, is now occupIed impl'oved. under d-irection of the Dean of 'omen. !'Irs. Lester McLean. Jr. JOH)[ .. :lIAcK.n:, Al'chden('oll of IllditHi :lfissions iu the Diocese of Saskatdtewan, Cnnada, hfts tUed nftC"l' 11101'(' than sixtl~ yeaTs of yol'k alllong the Cree' Indians. '

THE HOME MISSION BOARDS The .Toint COllf(~rellce 8f the Home :Ilk TIle oldest Immigrant's :-;,ions Conncil awl the COl1llcil of ~01l1ell fOl' BIble ,,-"':;oc/('/y Bible Home )Iisslons yhieh met in ~'tlantic City, in New York .1 anuaq 14th to 16th, p""sed ullallilllollsi y and the onl), T HERE is no better Christhe following l'ccOlnmel1t1atiow"I: one dtstribut- tian and Americaniz:;tio.o ing BtbLes work than the free dlstrt- J. That the C0111mittees Oll tile :lltSSIOKIRY FREE in tile bution of Bibles to the immi- RE'~IEY OF THE VORLD of thi? two COl1urils City and Ilar- grants who reach our shores he unitc(l to form nlle joint standing COlll- bor of New daily, mittee. York. The work of circulating the Bi- 2. That the COUlh,ils CXPl'i..'HS ag'ain tlwil' ble, in 53 languages, aro.ong rippreriation of the ynlne of the REY1.EY a.., these potential citizens, bnngs nn rdueationnl Hntl insphatioual Ol'g-fln (If far reaching results. the ('anse of Home }IissiollR. Your donation will help in this 3. That the re~ollltions ac1opt('(l luRt Yi..'ar no ble work and at the same be reaffirmed and that Boards be urged to time may establish a life income rurry ont still mOl'r; fully anc1 ('>fi'ectiw'ly from your investment accord.. thOS8 re~wlutions by making financial ap- ing to the annuity plan. propriations to the }lEVIEW, by helping- to axtoml the circulation and by furnishing' LEARN HOW GENEROSITY HOlne }fissioll' 11€WS and articles. ACTUALLY PAYS CASH DIVIDENDS The ne'iY CJlll1nittee app()inted to l'CPl'("- Write lor Booklet No. 1 sent tho t'o Councils on tho -;fISSIOX.'RY REVIEW OF THE VVORLD for the present year New York Bible Society ore the following: :;VIrs. E. e. Cronk, Glw'r· man; Dr. ,Tohn lIIeDowell, :;VIrs.•Tohn Fergu- 5 East 48th St. New York City son, Dr. Cha)']es L. ·White, :;VII'S. O. R. Jud(l, Dr. Samu<'l L. Loomis, Mr. Jay S. StowelL This committee meets with the Editorial Conncil of tlle REVIEW quarterly to discuss editorial plans.

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At the Same Tillle They are your opportunity to do your part for the Kingdom now-TODAY!

For full details address George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 150 Fihh Avenue. New York. N. Y.• or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 170 I Arch Street. Phaadeiphia. Pa.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editot CONTENTS FOR APRIL, 1924 Page COVER ILLUSTRATION . GREAT HI~DU TEMPLE AT TIRUVANNAMAI,AI, SoUTH INDIA FRONTISPIECE …………………….. CAClQVE INDIANS OF PERU ApPEALING TO THE MISSIONARIES OF THE Ev.~NGEL1CAI. UNION OF SOUTH AMERICA FOR HELP EDITORIALS ………………………….••…….•………••…….•.. 245 REOENT CHANGES IN INDIA A PROPHECY FOR INDIA ALL INDIA CHRISTIAN CONFERENC'E EVIDENCES OF ANSWERED PRAYER RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN AUSTR..LIA JESUS CHRIST IN THE THINKING OF ASIA .. , .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 TESTIMONY FROM INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , " …….. PROFES~OR YOH.N MASIH TES'~IMONY J'ROM JAPAN …………………………. DEAN H. IIATANAKA TES~'IMONY FROM CHINA …………………………………. Y. Y. Tsu ON THE RAILS WITH CHAPEL CARS …………………. SAMUEL G. NElL 262 A story of a new type of cwcuU riding de luxe in churchle.•s parishes.

THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY A'f CAIRO ………. WILLHM BANOROFT HILL 269 The story of the great mission and work of the l!eW Chri..tian Univel'sity in the intellectual capital of the Moglem world.

IF I WERE A YOUNG MISSIONARY IN KOREA . . . . . . . . . . . . BY Yl SANG CHOI 276 A HINDU VIEW OF JESUS CHRIST …………………………………. 277 THE AWAKENING OF CHINESE SOULS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MAR, F. PARMENTER 278 Gr;,pping life stories of Chinese girls who (we study·~rtg to help awaken their sisters.

THE NEGLECTED INDIAN OF BOLIVIA AND PERU .. WEBSTER E.BooWNING 287 Observations on a recent tour in unoc&upied fields in Latin America.

JAMES I. GOOD, ENLARGER OF THE KINGDOM …. ALLEN R. BARTHOLOMEW 289 OPEN DOORS IN LATIN AMERICA ………………. II. AND S. B. STRACHAN 291 The.. need for E'rotcstant iti~era.t-ing evange~'ist8, .•howl! by a ..tudy of unocoopieii areas.

BEST METHODS FOR COUNTRY CHURCHF.S ….. EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 293 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …… EDI1'ED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 299 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BUI,LETIN …. EDITED BY SAR.AH H. POLHEMUS 302 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 306 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 323 TERMS: $2.50 It year. ($!tOO in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 ceuts. Siugle copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1924, by MISSIONARY REvIEW PUBLISHING CoMPJ.NY, INC. All rights reserved.

THE MISSIONAR.Y R.EVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert E. Speer, President Willam I. Chamberlain, Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Publication omce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Editorial ~"Jt~u8~Ce~~<rmI~~, y;:s;rfih Avenue, Pa. 25c a copy $2,50 a year New York CIQ'

Entered aa second-cIa•• matter at the Post Omce. Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3. 1879. "By the Blessing of God "I ascribe to Bible study the help and strength which I have had from God to pass in peace through deeper trials in various ways than I had ever had before; and after having now above fourteen years tried this way, I can most fully, in the fear of God, commend it. . . . A man has deprived himself of the best there is in the world who has deprived himself of intimate knowledge of the Bible."-Woodrow Wt/son.'

Systematic, Prayerful Bible Study ~ves that knowledge of God and mali without which real success in life is never attainable. It g-ives uplift, inspiration, refreshment, streng-th, courag-e, wisdom, breadth of vision, spiritual enthusiasm, and power with God and men.

Don't allow anything to cheat you of your wonderful privilege of system- atically studying the one Book which outweighs in value all other books in all the world. Dig in it as for gold and you will secure treasure of value and extent beyond any calculation. Start at once hy enrolling for a We Offer These Moody Bible Institute Eight Courses Correspondence Course Synthetic Ib'ble Stud7 Many thousands the world over have studied one or more ···a faScinating study of the conof our Courses. They include people of all ages, from a boy of 14 to a woman past 80; ministers, missionaries, tents of t.hQ whole Bible. ":really evangelists, busy teachers, physicians, students, shut-in in a class by itself." people; mothers ambitious to train their children in the Word; farmers, mechanics, soldiers in the camps and Praetical Qristian Worlt …. . in serviceJ etc. •.•jor 8001 winners aud ~rklJ.l'. in Perhaps never in all history was there so great a need and e:xceptiono.l forms of ·~.t!an demand for trained Christian workers, able to "rightly divide the Word of Truth." service. -".

Me~~s ~: b~::era:i~ :~~l;:'~s n~~rFiiJi:d::d ;!ild~h! B~~!ebRfi~!I1Ie in the greati6e.. trines of the Christian, falth.

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personal pupil; time. place and amount of study under your ChrIstian Evlden_ •••an. old l!Iubject brQvcht llpto dDte~ own control. The Scofield· Bible . HI often mention in lIlY sermons." says a letter from a Meth- Corresponden~e CoUrse odist minister. Hthat a Correspondence Course from the Moody Bible Institute has been of far greater value to me ••••cholarIY. cf)mPr~ben&tV"e, ~e8ted than all my Bible and theoloeieal work in coll_." ~:~LpON for 8 qua..:te.. of a century, and , ..ken alreMly b)H3.000 Btudentll~;. ~~t~l~c~~r::~~~g:n~dr~~~s ~'::a~~!::tbe:th TODAY r – – d:~:sfC~':r~.:"'~:~-:,~ci:'f'rl:;d~: ~~:!s::: =~ -MAIL THE COUPON TODA y- – –, I THE MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE, I been saved from Christian Sei.nee by same." marvelous I I Another says: HWhat lill'ht I am reo- I Dept. 57&4. 153 Institute Place. Chicaso.. Ill.

eeiving throuch these lessons t (Soofield Course). Send me your prospectus e;iving compi1;te infor· loll&' I I I Lonlir. years I have puzzled oyer thi.Dca in the mation regarding yQtlr eight courses in Cor'espondprec:ious Book that noW' I undentand." ence Bible Study. The Moody Bible Institute I II Dept. 5784 Name ……………………………………:….

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C.ACIQUE INDIANS OF PERU APPEALING TO THE MISSIONARIES OF THE EVANGELICAL UNION OF SOUTH AMERICA FOR

MISSIONARY

EVlEW'

VOL. APRIL, 1924 NUMBER XLVII FOUR RECENT CHA~G~JS IN INDIA D URING the past six years India has passed through the period of post-war disillusionment and adjustment, accom- panied by anti–Western feeling in nation and in church, strong influences from Moslem Turkey and Bolshevist Rlussia, the development of the remarkable personal influence of Mahatma Gandhi, and the experiences of reform in politics and of development of responsibility in the Christian Church.

Today, says the Rev. Alden H. Clark, of Almednagar,* anti- Western feeling is not so apparent as it was in the days of the Swadeshi movement of 1907-08. Everywhere I have found the oldtime courtesy and appreciation of Western cooperation. On the other hand, it is evident that what had been in 1907-08 often a wild and angry assertion of Indian rights, and has in a period since sometimes expressed itself in bomb-throwing and rioting, has now settled into a quiet, insistent purpose to gain full control of every aspect of India's life, political, economic, religious. That is perhaps the outstanding aspect of the situation today. Politically this has shown itself in the sweeping victory of the Swaraj, or radical party, over the moderates in recent elections. Religiously both Hinduism and Mohammedanism are becoming more aggressive. It is a new thing for Hindus to reach out and try to win Mohammedans and Christians.

Alongside of their new aggressiveness for Hinduism and Mohammedanism there is among non-Christian Indians a marked increase in reverence for Christ and appreciation of his teaching. He is more and more recognized as one of the greatest leaders and often as· the greatest religious leader of the world. Mahatma Gandhi's open reverence for Christ and recognition of his debt to him has spread the influence of Jesus broadcast in India.

The Christian movement reflects the general situation in India.

.. In The OongregationaU8t.

In some districts the extreme period of strained and difficult personal relations seems to have passed and the air to have been cleared for closer and more cordial cooperation. The process of Indianization has made marked progress. Now the General Councils of Indians and missionaries meet to settle questions of mission policy and work. Indians sit with equal voice and vote with the missionaries and form about one-third of the voting membership. Similarly, the work in each station is now controlled by a station council in which the number of Indian members may equal the number of missionaries. The Representative Councils of Missions, which were powerful Protestant bodies in the different provinces of India and were predominantly Western, are now transformed into Christian Councils, in which the Indian Church is fully represented and in which at least half the members must be Indians.

Not only in missions but also in the Indian Church are there indications of growing Indianization. Indian Christians are identifying themselves more with their non-Christian fellow Indians in politics, education, business and religion. This movement contains its dangers, for Christians who have no deep personal experience of. the living Christ and no firm grasp of the distinctive and essential elements in the Christian program in some cases are carried back into Hinduism in their desire to identify themselves with the culture of their country. The president of the Christian Association of Bombay has surprised his Christian friends by openly proclaiming himself a Hindu. Yet anyone who has had experience of the wonderful response to Christ of such typical Indians as the late Rev. N. V. Tilak, Sadhu Suudar Singh, and many others besides can never doubt for one moment that Keshub Chander Sen was right in saying "N0 one but Christ is worthy to wear the diadem of India and he shall have it."

Mr. Clark believes that the situation is more promising than ever before for true and lasting Christian development. The missionary is now less of a director and more of a cooperator with the Indian Christian; less of a "father" and more of a brother. There is an increasingly close identification of Christians and of Christ with the changing, surging life of India.

ALIJ INDIA CHRISTIAN CONFERENCE The more important resolutions passed at the All-India Christian Conference held at Bangalore (December 27-28) related to Indians in America, Prohibition, Hindu-Moslem Unity and Church Union. They were as follows: I-(a) This Conference hears with some satisfaction that the recent decision of the Supreme High Court of U. S. A. denying rights of citizenship to domiciled Indians in that country was not based on any inherent implication of the National Constitutioll of that-country,

EDITORIAL COMMENT

but on Immigration Laws which are comparatively more easily changeable.

(b) This Conference considers that a change in the Immigration Laws of America, with a view to remove this disability, is necessary in the interests of international good-will founded on mutual recognition of equality of citizenship.

(c) In the opinion of this Conference the continuance of this disability will affect adversely the work of the Christian Church in this land and particularly that of the American Missions. . The Conference therefore urges the National Christian Council to place this matter before the Christian Church in America through the International Missionary Council and various Home Boards, in cooperation with the Executive Committee of this Conference.

II-(a) In the opinion of this Conference the total prohibition of sale and manufacture of alcoholic liquors and other intoxicating drugs should be the aim of all temperance reformers in this country. It welcomes, however, Local Option bills passed by some of the Provincial Legislatures as a forward step towards the attainment of this ideal, and trusts that imported foreign spirits will be also speedily brought within the ope-ration of such legislation.

(b) The Conference pledges itself to cooperate with every effort in this regard, and urges the Provincial Indian Christian Associations to do the same.

III-(a) The Conference deeply deplores the tragic extent to which communal and sectarian differences have expressed themselves in the recent months and have become a serious obstacle to any na-. tionaI progress in India.

(b) It urges every Indian Christian to do his utmost in cooperation with Hindus and Moslems to work towards national unity.

(c) It strongly recommends that a Conference be arranged of representatives from various communities for the purpose of ascertaining clearly the real difficulties of the different communities and of arriving at solutions that will be permanently effective.

(d) The Executive of the All-India Council of Indian Christians as representing a minority body which, while in full sympathy with the aspiration of the great communities for mutual concord, is itself disinterested will be prepared, if asked, to take tlie initiative in regard to such a Conference.

(e) This Conference wishes to point out that any accentuation of the communal spirit among Indian Christians adds to the difficulties of the situation and makes it still harder for them to assist in its solution.

IV-Resolved that this Conference approves in general the movement toward establishing the Anglican Church in India on an autonomous basis anel also the movement towards Church Union in South India,

A PROPHECY FOR INDIA.

D R. S. K. DATTA, National Y. M. C. A. Secretary for India, re- cently made a visit to Australia, where he sought to improve the understanding between Australians and Indians. He gave several addresses daily and interested university professors and students, the colleges and schools and also the Trades' HaH. One or his hosts, who was greatly impressed by his ability and culture, writes that he "asked him whether after all the years of work of the Christian missionaries many of the high caste and cultured Indians had accepted Christianity. After thought, he replied, 'Very few,' but he added that, for the past two or three generations, the fathers had been saying to their sons, 'Look at these English officials and consider their lives-straightforward, truthful, earnest, laboring to elevate our nation and to organize and uplift it to the high standard of their own. Then look at the missionaries, leading lives of great self-sacrifice without any idea of personal advantage. Indeed, quite the reverseand what for? To teach our people lofty ideals of life. They have something which we have not-some motive which our beliefs have failed to suggest. We want you to cultivate and live up to those ideals. ' He said this had permeated the better classes to such a degree that today 'Buddha is dead.' As to the masses, the untouchables, the religion of Christ was the first that had given them any hope at all. All their own religions doomed them to lowest despair. They were accepting Christianity in the mass, and the principles of the Sermon on the Mount were so moving the mind of India today that the time was certainly coming, and no one could say how soon, when the teachings of Christ would be accepted by all India."

EVIDENCES OF ANSWERED PRAYER T HE foremost need of both the individual Christian, and of the Church, is a revival of believing prayer. The supernatural element in Christianity is being discredited by the modern attempt to reduce all prophecy to shrewd guess work, or conjecture, and to deny miracles or to explain them by the operation of natural laws. This tendency is observable also in the drift of the day with reference to prayer, in practically denying its supernatural, or preternatural, efficacy; and making it simply a moral self-discipline or self-culture, as though one should try to propel his boat by blowing on the sails. This attitude considers prayer as profitable, but effective only on the human side. There is but one way to meet that false view. This is not by an appeal to the Scriptures alone, for it is due, in part, to a false interpretation of the Scriptures; but, if from actual history and from modern experience there can be pointed out such an overwhelming mass of authentic facts as constitutes indisputable evidence of the interposition of God, the faith of the sincere

EDITORIAL COM.l{ENT

and open-minded Christian will be revived; and, the Scriptures will be illumined by testimony. .

The story of Pastor Gossner who, at 63 years of age, began a new evangelization work offers some of the well authenticated in- stances of the triumphs of prayer. There are some men whose work is so vitally connected with supplication to God that their prayer life is a vital part of it. Such men were Franke, Pastor Harms, George Miiller, Hudson Taylor, John Wilkinson, and D. I~. Moody, but of them all, no man depended upon simple prayer more tl1an did Goss- nero He had come out of the Church of Rome, where he was born and educated; he had seen the great truth, "Christ for us-our justification; Christ in us-our sanctification," and was led uncon- sciously into a great missionary career. When he was pastor of the Bethlehem Church in Berlin, three or four simple artisans sought his counsel and aid. They begged that he would at le~st pray with them, though he felt unable to assist them in their missionary projects.

By praying with them, he came into sympathy with them aud so began to help them in planning for service. After their day's work was done, he tallght them the 'Word of God and the truths of Christ.

They went in sole dependence on God for direction and support; and this, unconsciously, became the mark stamped upon the Gossner Mis- sion. His motto was, "Pray ye the Lord o£ the Harvest that he will send forth helpers into the Harvest." Past three score years and at a period of life when most men retire from activc service, he began the work that placed in the field 200 missionaries-male and female -becoming himself, under God, responsible for their activity and support. He said of himself, "I will not ring the beggar's bell, but the prayer bell, instead of asking men, supplicating God." It was said over his open grav.e that "He prayed mission stations into being and missionaries into faith: he prayed open the hearts of the rich, and gold from the most distant lands." Gossner believed in the Spirit of God as the great administrator of missions and soon he had little reliance on human organizations, but he had supreme trust in a prayer-answering God. He did all he could, but he trusted God to direct and order all according to His will. His manual of instruc- tion to his missionaries was less than sixty words: "Believe, hope, love, pray, b1trn, waken the dead! The Lord is coming, and to everyone He will sa.y, 'Where hast thou left the souls of these heathen? With the Devil?' Oh, swiftly seek these souls, and enter not without them into the presence of the Lord.."

The whole history of the Hermannsburg mission under Pastor Harms was also a triumph of faith and prayer. He had little sym- pathy from men: therefore he needed the more sympathy from God.

He had practically no help from men and his extremities shut him up to the help of God. 'When the door was shut on the human side, he knocked at the d:)or of prayer; laid every matter at the foot of

God; and rising from hi! knees at midnight, he seemed to hear a voice saying, "Forward now in the name of God." Never afterward did doubt enter into his mind. At the end of thirty-one years, he had put into the field more than 350 missionaries and at the end of forty years, there had been gathered from the heathen more than 1,300 converts. This was a triumph of prayer. Over and over again, appears the same simple entry upon his books, "I prayed to the Lord Jesus to provide the needed sum." Then at the end of the fiscal year, a similar entry of answered prayer, "I needed last year 15,000 crowns and the Lord gave me 60 more. This year, I needed double and the Lord has given me 140 over." Pastor Harms has proved what a single man with his church can do in simple dependence upon the prayer of faith.

The Rev. John Wilkinson, so famous for his work among the Jews, was another example of the power of prevailing supplication. His motto was that" all blessing comes in the path of obedience; that we have only to do the will of God in God's time and way and he will take care of his end of the enterprise."

Hudson Taylor was another great hero of faith. He made no public or private solicitation for funds, not even by politely publishing the donor's names, nor did he promise definite support to the missionaries. They, like himself, were to depend on God for supplies.

These are only a few of the many examples of missions which have had their birth and growth clearly throngh the power of prayer.

RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN AUSTRALIA* REV. LINLEY V. GORDON, the Associate Secretary of the World Alliance for International :H'riendship, who has recently returned from a trip of six months to Australia, his old homeland, writes that religious conditions in Australia differ in many respects from those prevailing in America. The first striking thing is the comparatively small number of denominations. The numerical strength of the several constituencies officially recorded is as follows: Anglicans, 2,106,413; Roman Catholics, 1,069,260; Presbyterians, 593,274; Methodists, 566,006; Congregationalists, 63,144; Baptists, 81,495; Church of Christ, 50,000. The Anglicans far outnumber the other denominations, a condition that is due in part to the predominant population of English people in the country.

A~other outstanding difference is that there is no paranel in Australia to the Home and Foreign Mission Boards in America. Up to 1904, each state in Australia was a separate colony having independent connection with the British Crown. There was no such thing as free trade between the states. "With the arrival of federalism came the sweeping away of all tariff barriers between the several

192~] EDITORIAL COMMENT

states. Rivalry and interstate friction have been abolished and the states are now thinking politically in a large, federal way. This is not true, however, religiously in which respect there is a lack of continental vision. Political federation came gradually and religious federation must also come by degrees.

Most of the states now have their Council of Churches-Victoria, South Australia, West Australia and Tasmania. The Victorian Council is the strongest and has done its best work in evangelical campaigns. It has laid emphasis on the question of Lord's Day observance and is interested in public questions.. These councils include all the Protestant evangelical bodies with the exception of the Anglicans. There is need for closer cooperation between the churches.

The ecclesiastical forces of Australia have done very little thus far in applying the Gospel to the social needs of the age. The social problem has rapidly come to the front, and so far the churches have not been able to speak as one voice against the evils in the land. For instance, Australia's drink bill last year was twenty-eight million pounds, but there is no united voice of the Church raised against the traffic. The Church is playing a great part in the crusade against the drinking saloons, but the temperance movement in the Church has lacked driving force for want of a united voice on the subject.

Another thing that prevents Australia from coming into the social realm with her religious strength is that there is scarcely any foreign element within her borders. Racially they are a united peo- ple. Eighty-six per cent are British born. The Scotch, Welsh, Irish and English have been well blended. This fact has not called for any large attention by the Church to diverse social and racial needs.

Many vigorous efforts have been made to achieve Christian unity, especially during the last ten years. The Christian unity movement in Australia reached its high-water mark during the war, so that Presbyterians, Methodists and Congregationalists were in joint conferences. When the war closed a slump came, and the movement died out. Two conferences have been held to consider the Lambeth proposals, four great bodies participating, but the old obstacle of reordination was not overcome. 'l'here has been a recrudescence ·of denominationalism, especially since the conferences on unity have not yielded as much as was hoped.

The Australian preachers have to wrestle with rna.ny problems in addition to the ecclesiastical. Apathy and indifference to high ideals prevail and Protestant ministers are obliged to wage constant war against horseracing, gambling, social unchastity and the legalized liquor traffic, in addition to their endeavor to bring the individual to a full sense of his personal responsibilitv to God and personal loyalty to J eSllS ChriRt. '.

Christ in the Thinking of

Addresses at the Foreign llfissions Conference at Atlantic City, J antlMY, .19:24 A Testimony from Indi..

BY PROFESSOR YOHAN MASIH, INDORE COLLEGE, INDIA I HAIL from India, that great country whose civilization dates back at least three thousand years, which claims the highest mountain peak in the whole world; a country in which have lived sages and hermits, men of meditation and prayer, who spent their lives over the problems relating to God and to human life. At present the country is best known as the land of Mahatma Gandhi and of passive resistance against foreign rule…… .

India is, above aU, a religious country with eight well-defined religions and a score of minor faiths and creeds. Though wickedness, idolatry, priestcraft and superstition abound in India, the whole history of .Hinduism, through errors and blindness, is a search after God.

But a new day is dawning in India. A few years ago, one of the prominent non-Christian judges said, "India is being converted; the ideas that lie at the heart of the Gospel are slowly but steadily permeating the whole of Hindu society, modifying every phase of Hindu thought. " Today idolatry is being shaken. Educated young men and women do not speak in the terms of idolatry. There is also a strong movement among the Hindus themselves against caste. The old orthodox party is' still very strong; yet the sentiment against the idea of untouchability is growing formidable. Some day this great stronghold of Hinduism will tumble down.

Another movement going on in India is the great awakening among the women. They are tired of being kept behind the purdah, or within the four walls of a home. When the political agitation began, the men were arrested and thrown into prison, a number of ladies of noble family and high caste came out of their seclusion and appeared on the public streets and on the public platforms, pleading for the rights of their country and for their own rights. They have started an All India Woman's Conference. A few months ago, a meeting was held and many resolutions were passed, one of them asking the Government to raise the minimum age of girls for marriage to fifteen years. They are also fighting for prohibition in India. Among our native states, only one, the State of Bhopal, is ruled by a woman. Two years back the Begum prohibited the manufacture or sale of liquor in her territory.

Non-Christian India has come to realize also that a great injustice has been done to its daughters and wives in denying them edu- 252 cation. Day schools are now overflowing and new schools are coming into being. In the higher schools and colleges of today are nearly 50,000 students; there are nearly 8,000,000 boys and girls in different schools, secondary and primary; one sixth of the total number are in institutions controlled by missionaries.

But the greatest fact about India today is this: India hails Jesus Christ as supreme. India has come to believe that He is the only hope for the solution of its problems. When the leaders of the noncooperative party wanted to compare Mr. Gandhi with the world's highest, noblest and best, they did not compare him with Buddha, the founder of Buddhism; or with any of the Hindu deities, or with Mohammed, the prophet of Islam. They placed him next to Jesus Christ as the only Person Who stands unique in the whole world. Mr. Gandhi, himself, in his non-cooperation campaign against the government, freely quoted from the teachings of Jesus Christ in the New Testament to convince the people that his campaign was right and just.

The opposition non-Christian party, whose leaders did not agree with Mr. Gandhi, also freely used the New 'restament and the teachings of Jesus Christ to prove that the non-cooperation campaign would bring only disaster. At a most critical time in the history of their people these two non-Christian parties based their appeal straight on Jesus Christ as the unquestionable Source of unassailable truth.

When Mr. Gandhi was sent to prison, there appeared the next day in one of the radical daily papers an article, written by a non- Christian lady, which was quoted in a number of other non-Christian dailies and weeklies, and was translated into many other vernaculars. Its caption was "The arrest and trial of Mr. Gandhi parallels the arrest and trial of Jesus Christ." When the non-Christian public saw that, it wanted to know who J esns Christ was, why He was arrested, why He was sentenced to death, why He suffered on the Cross. And a study of His life and teachings began among many who had previously ignored Christian teaching.

Some missionaries have said that when they visited Mr. Gandhi's Asharam, where he had started a national school for boys and girls, they heard the pupils singing the hymn, "When I Survey the W on- drous Cross," and the other hynm, "In the Cross of Christ I Glory." The teacher told them that these two hymns were favorites with Mr. Gandhi. There you have a non-Christian man training non-Christian boys and girls in sublime teachings about Christ and His Cross. These men and their pupils may not come out and be baptized, mak- ing public confession as followers of Jesus Christ, but in their heart of hearts they will know there is only One in Whose hands lies the destiny of the whole world.

A new day is dawning in India as its people learn to use the Bible. A Vice-Chancellor of Calcutta University, a prominent non- Christian leader, in a recent address, said: "If you ask what is the most powerful influence that has entered my life to shape it, I will tell you it is the Bible." A Hindu professor in the Hindu University in Benares at a public meeting made this confession, "There has been no other such character in human history as Jesus Christ." The Maharajah of Travancore once said, "It is the Christian's Bible that sooner or later will work out the regeneration of India." It is the harbinger of a new day when an Indian thinker in a non-Christian journal can write these words, "If ever there was a time when the educ~ted Indian has consciously paid homage to Jesus Christ, it is in the year 1922."

An Englishman in the retired Indian Civil Service tried to show in an article, not long ago, that this whole revolt in India was against Christian civilization. Non-Christian leaders, one after another, took up the matter and answered him by saying that the revolt was not against Christian civilization, but against unchristian civilization. They made such statements as these: "At no other time in India has there been a more lively appreciation of Christ and His character than today. Many of her children are turning their eyes to the cross, the centrality of which tragedy in the world's history is beginning to grip them with romantic power."

Never in the history of Christian missions in India was there a more serious study of the life and teachings of Jesus Christ than today. Every action of the British Government is judged according to His standards. Every resolution passed by the League of Nations or in the Imperial Conference is judged according to His teachings~ One missionary, who goes over the whole country working among educated Indians, non-Christians and college students, declares that there was a time, twenty, fifteen or ten years back, when the name of Jesus would be hissed by non-Christian students. Now the situation has wholly changed. Questions of this type are asked of him: "How can one be a Christian 7" or "Is baptism necessary 1" When he went to Nagpur to work among the educated classes there, he found that because of a great flag agitation some 1,200 young men had been arrested and thrown into prison. The presiding magistrate told him that when these 1,200 were allowed to choose a limited number of things which they might take with them into prison, about 300 chose the New Testament. But should anyone ask them "Understandest thou what thou readestf" the answer would have to be given, "How can I, except some one should guide me r" There are only eighteen missionaries working in India for everyone million of population. Are they enough to evangelize that numbed This same missionary said: "I have found by actual experience that where there have been great political agitations, there the men

1924J JESUS CHRIST IN 'fHE THINKING OF ASIA

are most interested in the presentation of the Gospel." Mr. Gandhi, before he went to prison, sent a message to the youth of India, asking them to study the life and teachings of Jesus Ohrist, and to try to follow those teachings. Non-Ohristian India is seriously considering whether Jesus Christ can not really solve India's problems.

Only a few months ago, one of the most prominent non-Ohristian journalists of India made a public plea like this: "There are many eminent non-Ohristians who .turn for guidance in the perplexing problems of national life to the teachings of Ohrist. India earnestly hopes that the great body of Ohristian missionaries in this land, will stand by her in her endeavor to apply the central teachings of Christ to her national life."

That is the plea of non-Christian India. What answer win you give? Nowhere in the world today is the church progressing so rapidly as in India. According to the last Government census report, the total population of India had increased by 1.2%, but the Chris- tian population during the same period had increased by 22.64% and now number four and three-quarter millions.

In the A~ts of the Apostles it is related that in one day three thousand were baptized. VI/e have given that day the name of "The Day of Pentecost," the day of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. God's people and churches have been praying since then for fresh days of Pentecost, when there shall be outpourings of the Holy Spirit, but how few are rendering thanks to the Almighty for the days of Pentecost which are common today in India: During the past ten years there have been baptized, on an average, over 7,000 every month. On every Sunday an average of 1,830 have been solemnly recognized as Christian believers; and thousands have been refused even as inquirers, because there were no men to train them and no money to engage more workers. People have been knocking at the door for entrance into the Church of Ohrist and it has been shut against them. Only eighteen missionaries among one million population! God is working, but we must remember, with sadness, that the great mass_ of the middle classes are still untouched by the Gospel.

Little provision has been made to reach these non-Christians of the middle class in the large cities and towns. Vast numbers have come from the untouchables, and many highly educated men and women have been reached, but millions of people are still pagans. Thousands of villages even today have never hea~d the name of Jesus Ohrist. Thousands of men and women have never heard the Gospel. That is the condition at present in India. It is a great opportunity j God has opened wide the door. There are manifold adversaries, old false ideas, priestcraft, and caste, will all make a great fight. But God is with this work and who can shut the door that He has opened?

Some of us have been greatly distressed during the last few YtJars over the type of some missionaries sent out. India does not

need men and women from Europe and America to go to teach her people how to play billiards, nor do we need missionaries who merely tell India that Jesus Christ is one of the great teachers of the world. India has yearned for centuries ror the vision of the Great God. "Blessed are the pure in heart for they shall see God." It is a new heart that India requires, a transformation of life and character. Who can give that to India except a divine Saviour? Send us missionaries who are not ashamed of the Gospel of Jesus Christ; who are not ashamed of the Cross; men and women who are living in close personal touch with the Master; men and women who have sat at His reet. They will meet India's needs.

A Testi:mony from Japan BY REVEREND DEAN H. HATANAKA, KOBE COLLEGE, KOBE, JAPAN The Christian churches in Japan, with missionary cooperation, have placed Christ in the thinking of the Japanese people; so that today there are 4,667 Christian workers throughout the country. Some of these leaders have made a deep impression upon the hearts of the people of my country. Some are statesmen. Mr. Katoka, who served as the speaker or the Japanese Parliament for two terms, thought it a greater honor to be a deacon in his church than to be the Speaker of the Lower House.

Mr. Shimada, who died a few months ago after a rorty year political career, said: "For these forty years I have acted with a clean conscience."

Mr. Ebara, a leader of the Christians of Japan, an honored member of the Parliament for many years, was held in such high esteem that when he spoke to the House its members forgot the distinctions of political parties. When we think of these Christian statesmen who ha~e come out of our churches, having been in contact with Jesus Christ, and the impressions they made upon the people of my country, we cannot doubt that .Tesus Christ today occupies a very important position in the thinking of the .Japanese.

But our churches have not only produced many Christian workers and statesmen, they have also produced many leading scholars. In any of the leading magazines of Japan today, you will find names such as Uchigasaki, Yoshino, Abo, Morimoto, all men who have accepted Jesus Christ as their Saviour. Today they are the most influential journalists in Japan. These influential Christian Japanese make an impressive exhibit of the place of Jesus Christ in the thought of Japan today.

Our churches, small and weak as they are, ha~e caught an educational ~ision for our people. Today there are twenty-one Christian boys' high schools, thirty-fi~e girls' high schools, six colleges for men and nine colleges for women in Japan. There are two hundred

JESUS CHRIST IN THE THINKIKG OF ASIA

and thirty-four Christian kindergartens located in almost every city of Japan. Not only have our churches caught this educational vision, but they have increased the churches until they number 1,615 besides 864 preaching places; they have raised the number of Sunday-schools to 2,820, with 8,184 Sunday-school teachers. Then they have caught the vision of bringing other men to Jesus Christ. In 1922 over 11,000 men and women united with our churches whose membership runs up to 200,000. It is reported that 400,000 people in Japan receive Christian instruction throug'h the different churches and Sundayschools. We cannot well calculate the full influence that Christ is directly exercising over the men and women of my country. But in addition, the churches are bringing Jesus Christ into contact with the natives through many philanthropic and humanitarian movements.

I think of those courageous women in Japan, Mrs. Yajima, who was at the vVashington Conference on the Reduction of Armaments; Mrs. Kubursiro, Miss Moriya and Mrs. Heyashi of Osaka. They are determined to wipe out those prostitute quarters which are found in our great ci~ies in Japan. A decree prohibiting them within the city limits of Tokyo will be wholly due to the hard work of these women, backed by the women of all our churches. I think of the many children who lost their parents during the earthquake, and of the "George Miiller" of Japan, Mr. Ishii, who, having come in contact with Jesus Christ, gave his life to work for orphans.

A third man, who caught a vision through .Jesus Christ of the abolition of the liquor traffic in Japan is Mr. Aoki, who has given most of his property for this cause and is giving himself and his time. Mr. Arima, a Christian man, is at the head of the prison in Tokyo. After the earthquake, the walls of that prison fell down but not one of the prisoners ran away. Everyone reported to him. Why~ Jesus Christ dwells in the heart of Mr. Arima, and every prisoner had come to have a profound trust in him. Of the men employed today in the social schemes of the Government, many have come out of our Christian churches. Perhaps the progress of the Japanese churches has not been as rapid as we might wish, yet during the last fifty years the Christian churches have accomplished a great deal.

Jesus Christ is also working today outside of our churches in~ Japan. In the last few years the best selling books have been the books that deal with Christ or Christianity. There are many books dealing with Christian themes, many of them written by non-Christians. The entire Sermon on the Mount has been placed in one of the High School textbooks, recognized by the Government. This textbook is used all over the country. Moreover, in four of the leading newspapers in Osaka and Tokyo, during the last two years, have been published serial novels written by non-Christian men, yet having Christian men among their chief characters. In one of them Mr.

:I

Uchimura, a well-known Christian in Japan, is the chief character. Newspaper men do not use stories of this kind if they are not sure that they will take well with their readers. Many films thrown on the screens of movies today in Japan give the stories of such books as "Quo Vadis," "Les Miserables" and the "Life of Christ." Even Buddhists show an interest in the Christ. It was my privilege to have four Buddhist priests in my church in Kyoto, Sunday after Sunday; they were earnest seekers of Jesus Christ and were ready to know more about Him.

But if all these things are true, why is it that Christianity has not won Japan¥ "Why cannot the churches make greater progress with such a deep interest in Christ everywhere ¥' , As I was leaving Japan to come to America, one of the girls in Kobe College asked me, "How can I come into contact with a vital Christ, who will give me a compelling power with others ~" She knew about the life of Jesus Christ and about Christianity as taught in Sunday-school or in church, yet she was still trying to get hold of a transforming Christ who would empower her to act in right fashion. She is typical of many Japanese young men and women today who know about Christ, but who are looking for a Saviour so real that His authority is absolute over life. Such a Christ we need today in Japan, a Christ who can control the group life and the life of the nation, as well as of individuals. Weare looking for a Christ who is not only interested in our spiritual life, but who takes interest in our business dealings, and in our social life. We are looking for a Christ who unifies, not One who is divided by denominational barriers, but One who helps us to look upon non- Christian peoples with love. We are looking for a Christ whom the Japanese can call their own and who need not be grafted upon the nation from outside. Japan today is looking for a Christ who will take her people where we are and will enter into their lives to strengthen them.

As a Christian of Japan, I think of her seventy millions, all guided by different interests. If we could prove to them, by our own personal lives, by our group life, by our efficiency as a part of Japan's national life, that Jesus Christ can control not only individuals, classes and churches, but nations, we might unify those seventy million people Wld secure their allegiance to Jesus Christ. They might work along many distinct lines, they might follow a great variety of purposes, but with full loyalty to Jesus Christ on the part of all, this would become a different world.

A Testimony from (lhina.

BY Y. Y. TSTJ, NEW YORK Secretary of the Chinese Students Christian Association in North America About two years ago I visited one of the great centers of Buddhism in North China. Above the plains of Shantung Province,

JESUS CHRIST IN THF. THINKING OF ASIA

there rises a great mountain called Taishan, six thousand feet high. Every year in the springtime, hundreds of thousands of pilgrims, men and women and children, go there from all parts of China. One Sunday, at six o'clock in the morning, I reached Tai-An, the little city nestling at the foothills, and, by a coincidence, I heard bells ringing, not the temple bells, but the bells of a church calling Christians to worship. I directed my wheel-barrow man to take me to the place where the bells were ringing and there I found a little white-stone church, inside of which was a group of Christians, and at the altar a clergyman.

That afternoon, I climbed the mountain and on the top found beautiful temples, ornate equipment and comfortably robed priests. I contrasted these with the little church down in the valley amidst the dust and the smoke of a busy city, ministering to the needs of its population. The two religions presented themselves before my thought in their characteristic attitudes, one standing aloof from the world, trying to reach out after God by quiet meditation; the other, down in the valley, trying to practice the presence of God among men.

What is the objective of the missionary enterprise in China and in other non-Ohristian lands? On the mountain top I forgot entirely about the fine schools, under the auspices of mission Boards, and the hospitals, the social service work, and other forms of missionary service, and thought only of the central task of the Ohurch in Ohina as the task of ministering to the spiritual needs of the Chinese.

The Christian mission schools, in one of which I was educated, have produced leaders and statesmen who are playing a great part in the regeneration of my country. The hospitals, with their devoted doctors and nurses, are doing great work in cleaning up our towns and our bodies, in making us better able to enjoy the life God has given us. No candid observer can overlook the charitable institutions and their service performed in the name of Jesus Christ. But on that mountain top that day, with my mind's eye, I saw only the thousands of little churches and chapels scattered throughout China, and recalled the missionaries and the native pastors, ministering to the spiritual needs of my people in four important ways.

First, through Jesus Ohrist we have been led to " see the Father." Neither Buddhism nor Confucianism nor any other non-Ohristian religion has made us see God as our Father. It is only Christ that has brought Him to us in that gracious relationship. The Greek and the Hindu philosophers were seekers after God. But humankind never realized God as a l!-'ather until Christ came. Pantheism, that vague, misty system, tried to lead us to believe that everything is God. At the other extreme a crass and crude polytheism grew out of the attempt to localize God and to embody His likeness in images of stone, or wood, or clay. But when I read that passage where Philip said, "Lord, show us the Father and it sufficeth us," it seems to me

that the apostle not only voiced the spiritual yearnings of his own people, but those of mankind for all ages.

Second, through Jesus Ohrist we have come to know tru:e brotherhood. Undoubtedly, the idea of human brotherhood is found more or less clearly in all religions. You find it in Buddhism, but, because Buddhism failed to spread it throughout humankind, it created a special monastic brotherhood for those who are willing to devote their lives to religion. You find the same idea expressed in. Confucianism, "under heaven one family." The special contribution of Ohristianity is not the thought of brotherhood, but rather the presentation of the source of human brotherhood. Other religions are trying to enjoy the fruit without planting the tree, but Christianity plants a tree from which we can get the fruit. As Bishop Brent said, "We cannot know the meaning of the word, 'fraternal,' unless we first know the meaning of the word 'filial.' " We can only understand the meaning of human brotherhood through our sonship in Christ. It was Ohrist alone who said, "Whosoever shall do the will of my Father who is in heaven, the same is my brother and sister and mother." .

Third, Jesus Ohrist has greatly enriched the wellsprings of human sympathy. Bertrand Russell the English philosopher was asked during his visit to China to give a critical estimate of Chinese character. He replied that he had admired many things in the Ohinese people and in their culture, and that only because he had been asked would he point out three weaknesses. One of these was callousness, la.ck of sympathy, inability to appreciate suffering on the part of others. No doubt we can explain that that is mainly due to the hard struggle for existence in China. .On the other hand we might point out the beautiful spirit of helpfulness which can be found within the Ohinese clan or the family group. Yet it must be confessed that the Ohinese lack that wonderful human sympathy which is so richly developed in a truly Ohristian atmosphere. A non-Christian Ohinese scholar, a professlJr of the Government university of Peking, after a careful study of the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, said recently, "I have found three things in the Christian religion which Ohina needs-the spirit of sympathy, the spirit of forgiveness, and the spirit of sacrificial service." In a very striking sentence he said, 'I Only this spirit of Jesus Ohrist, only these great principles of Jesus Christ, can save us from the pit that is dark and dismal and cold into which we have fallen. " He would have agreed that most of the modern social movements iu Ohina have started out of the Ohristian motive. .

Fourth, Jesus Christ has made prayer articulate to us. There is no people in this world that does not pray. There is no religion in an human history that does not emphasize the prayer life. But the religion of Jesus Christ has fully and finally made prayer articulate.

JESUS CHRIST IN THE THINKING OF ASIA

The Tibetan peasant who turns the prayer wheel as he goes to his work every morning is a praying man. Myoid grandmother, who lit the stick of incense at about four o'clock every morning and mumbled her prayer, "Namo Omitu Fu," incessantly, until the piece of incense had burnt down to its socket, was a woman of prayer. But the Christian becomes an articulately praying man. How I love to recall that incident when a group of Christ's disciples gathered around Jesus, and one of them asked Him, "Master teach us to pray." This also is a great human quest, which involves a personal relationship to God as our Father. Then from the lips of Jesus Christ came that wonderful prayer.We in China through prayer are making religion personal, and are finding God real.

The great spiritual contribution of 0hristianity to China, as Dr. Chamberlain said, is the acknowledgment of the sovereignty of God in the life of man. The greatest need of my people it seems to me is to recognize God in human destiny, to feel His power in all life whether individual or corporate.

What my country needs supremely is a spiritual message. Other benefits are sure to follow the righteousness of the Kingdom of Heaven, not to precede it. China today is struggling to be reborn; she is trying to clean up her political life, to reform her social life; she is waiting for that great moral dynamic that comes only from the recognition of the sovereignty of God in the life of man and of our responsibility to Him; from knowing God as revealed in Christ, not merely as sovereign, but as our loving Heavenly Father, to whom we can pray and bring our troubles, expecting understanding and help.

When we think of the limited resources with which missionaries work and of the limited number of missionaries .sent, should we not ask ourselves whether we have apportioned our resources equitably according to the needs of the field 7 'Ve may have overemphasized the concrete undertakings, and thereby allowed to be partially overshadowed the less concrete but more vital function of the missionary enterprise, namely the meeting of the deep spiritual need of the Chinese people. When they get that, the other matters will take care of themselves.

LIFE "Life is what we are alive to. It is not length, but breadth. To be alive only to appetite, pleasure, pride, money making, and not to goodness and kindness, purity and love, history, poetry, music, flowers, stars, God and eternal hopes, it is to be all but dead.

"If men cannot believe in the Christians whom they have seen, how can they believe in the Christ whom they have not seen f"

-Maltbie D. Babcock.

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– """"""''''''' ~-.""– ONE OF THE CHAPEL CARS On the Rails with the Chapel Cars BY SAMUEL G. NEIL, D.D., PHILADELPHIA, P A.

Superintendent of the Chapel Car and Colportage Work of the American Baptist Publication Society which, in cooperation with The American Baptist Home Mission Society, owns and operates seven Chapel Cars-more than half the world "s supply. '.!'he first ear began opera.- tiona in May, 1891. The last car was built in 1915.

D R. WAYLAND HOYT, at one time pastor of the First Bap- tist Church in Minneapolis, was riding one day in a private car through northern Minnesota with his railroad brother, Mr. Colgate Hoyt. Suddenly Dr. Hoyt turned to his brother and said, "Colgate, have you noticed the large number of towns through which we have been passing today without a sign of a church building in them T In every town, there are ample evidences that saloons are on the job, debauching the souls and bodies of men, but there is no opportunity for their salvation. Why couldn't a car be built and fitted out to contain a combination church and parsonage, so that the missionary and his wife could live there? The car could be sidetracked in these small towns and the people invited in to hear the Gospel~"

The thought appealed to the practical railroad man and as a result he called together a few Baptist laymen in New York City and presented to them the thought of his preacher-brother. The outcome was that those half dozen Baptist laymen raised the money to build and equip the first chapel car ever put on railroad tracks, called ,'The EvangeL"

The car is a regular church and parsonage combined, as well equipped as any Pullman, with every convenience for the missionary and his wife. The chapel is furnished with a handsome brass lectern and Estey organ, and will accommodate a congregation of from ninety to one hundred and twenty-five people. Hymn-book racks are in the pews, and underneath are boxes to hold supplies of books, tracts and Bibles. Under the car are great receptacles for coal, ice, wood, etc. Some cars carry tents, so that in the summer out-door meetings may be held.

One day the chapel car" Messenger of Peace," en route from St. Louis to Kansas City over the Wabash Railroad, was side-tracked for a few hours at Carrollton, Missouri, in order to let another train pass by. At once a crowd began to gather. A tall, strapping fellow, unshaven and awkward, wearing a broad-brimmed hat and high-water 262

1924J ON THE RAILS WITH 'fHE CHAPEL CARS

trousers, stepped up and read the name of the car and then the Scripture text on the outside of the car, "Go ye into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature."

"Now, what sort of a car do you reckon that is ~" he remarked. "That's a church car, " said a bystander. "There is a preacher and his wife on board who live on that car all the time and hold meetings. There is a pulpit, and organ and everything for church work on board. I read about that car in the St. Louis papers."

The tall Missourian looked for a moment at the car in genuine astonishment and then cut loose.

"'VeIl, I swan! I've seen a cattle car, a hog car, a coal car, a lumber car, a furniture car, a refrigerator car, a smoking car, a bag- gage car, a passenger car, and a .

sleeping car, but I'll be blessed if I ever saw a church car like that! If that don't beat the devil!"

.Just then a. young Scotch preacher, Sam Neil, popped his head out of-the window and amid the hearty and good-natured laughter of the crowd, said: ' ,Yes, gentlemen, that's just exactly what the car was built for, to 'beat the devil,' to bring souls from the power of sin and Satan into the glorious liberty of the sons and daughters of God."

When the chapel car mission- ary desires to visit a certain tovm he sends in advance his announce- A CHAPElL CAR INTElRIOR ments, containing a photograph of the car and announcing the time of arrival and the dates for the meetings. The car is its own best advertising agent. Every ticket- agent along the line knows that the car is coming, and generally a crowd of people will be at every station to see it. When the mis- sionary arrives in a town his problem, as a rule, is not how to get the people, but what to do with all who come. Meetings are held every afternoon for children, and every night for adults. Then he begins his work of house-to-house visitation, going to every home in that town and surrounding country. As a result, in the remote sections of our frontier hundreds of churches have been organized and meeting-houses built, scattered through the 'rVest.

A chapel car going into a new town for a religious campaign solves many problems. 'Vhen an "outside" minister visits a town, the first question is, Who will entertain him1 Another question, Where win he hold his meetin~s 1 Or, Who is going to play thE}

ONE OF THE CHURCHLESS PARISHES-A LOGGING CAMP ON SUNDAY organ 7 Is there fuel enough to warm the building? Who will do the janitor work? But on board the chapel car the missionary and his wife meet these problems, for they take the parsonage along with him and the wife plays the organ. The missionary plays the part of janitor, chorister, preacher, the Sunday-school superintendent, the financier, real estate dealer, and church builder. The chapel car missionaries are also rendering a signal service forthe great army of men employed by the railroads of the West.

From the smoky, dusty railroad yards they may step into the car and find a cordial welcome in the atmosphere of the home. They may also find there up-to-date newspapers, magazines and books to read during their leisure time. Every car has its phonograph, so that at the noon hour the men are invited in to listen to a musical program. Vie found a host of men who could not come to the car in the evening' because they were on night shifts, so that a service was held, as soon as the men finished their midnight lunch. Time and time again men who had not been inside of a church for years listened to a Gospel message, sang Christian songs and many responded to the appeal.

One hot day in July a car was attached to an express train for a long journey. All day long services were held every two hours, to which the passengers were invited. Many came because they liked the singing; others because they wanted a change; some because they loved the Gospel. One man attended every service but no anneal seemed to move him. At the last meeting of the day he was first to respond to the invitation to take .Jesus Christ as his Saviour. "I don't know who you are or who sent you," he said to the missionary, "But I have a little girl who will always believe that God sent you.

ON THE RAILS WITH THE CHAPEL CARS

ANOTHER CHURCHLESS PARISH ON THE RAILROAD-A BORDER TOWN IN ARIZONA Since she was big enough to say her 'Now I lay me' she has added '0 Jesus, please bless my papa and make him love you.' She is now eleven years old. I shaH w:ire at the next stop that Jesus has heard her prayer."

In the first chapel car that was built-"Evangel"-over sixty churches have been organized. The latest report from aU the cars shows that as a result of this work from the beginning fully twentyfive thousand people have professed conversion; three hundred and ninety-eight Sunday-schools have been estab1ished; and two hundred and forty-eight churches revived, repaired, and built. This does not tell of the broken hearts healed, or the backsliders reclaimed, or of towns and communities reconstructed by the" Gospel of Good Cheer'~ that the chapel car brings.

The Rev. E. R. Hermiston, of chapel car "Grace" (No. Seven), has been greatly blessed in his work. He writes: "We spent one of the best years of our lives in the different fields in Arizona. At Yuma we had a great union revival and many converts, and all along the line we were given the warm€st kind of receptions. In some of the greatest mining-camps in the world all classes and people welcomed the car. We had successful meetings at Globe, JliIiami, Clifton, Douglas, Naca and Phoenix.

"Another wonderful country was the Imperial Valley in California. The first time the State Convention sent us down there we could see nothing but sand·dunes, cactus and jack-rabbits, and did not think a white man could live there. But since then we have been back three times, and have built churches at Holtville, EI Centro and Calexico. 'rhe' going' gets better every year. In 1920 they took ninety million dollars out of that valley. '1'hat desert can raise crops as well as dust. They raised everything, from cantaloupes to the price of the land which went from $8 to $800 an acre.

"Irrigation and reclamation have wrought miracles. We can look back now and see how many of the little struggling fields have developed until they have upon them strong, self-supporting churches.

"We were sent to Hermiston, the commercial center on an irrigation project in Eastern Oregon, and found t.he growing town was threatened with a fatal malady at its birth. The railroad divided the town physically as well as temperamentally; a real town-site fight had been started and no peace was in sight. The two factions looked across the track at. each other with jealous eyes and could agree on nothing. I preached union and told the people that we could not build the church on the railroad track nOr on both sides of it. 'You will have to hang together or hang separately,' I said. 'The only way to permanent peace, it seems to me, is to agree to disagree.' Our advice was accepted, and a ten-thousand dollar cement-block church was built, which stands today as one of the finest monuments to the chapel car work. "

After nine months of effort Rev. and Mrs. E. R. Hermiston and the good folks at Chow- chilla, California, have had re- cently the joy of dedicating a fine modern and up-to-date church building.

In February, 1921, the chapel car "Grace" pulled into town quietly and services were started and at the end of the first month a meeting was called to consider the advisa- RAILROAD MEN WHO ATrENDED MEETING bility of organizing. Dr. C. VV. Brinstad, Dr. C. H. Bancroft and other workers were called in, and the church was organized with sixty charter members. Plaus were started for a building, and after securing two lots, the gift of C. O. Robinson of Chowchilla, and a gi.ft and loan of $2,000 from the State Convention, and the subscriptions to secure an $8,000 property, the contract was let. The structure is of Moorish Mission architecture and has Sunday-school rooms, ladies' parlor, and an anditorium to seat 350. Chowchilla is a young town of 1,000 progressive American people, mostly from the eastern states. The streets are paved and there are six great highways, running out from the center. The high school is one of the best in the country and they have there a branch of the Carlton Agricultural College. 'rhe church takes its place as a leader in the growing center by calling Rev. William Matthews as pastor, and it win probably become one of the most helpful churches in that section.

The American Baptist Publication Society has also purchased from the White Company, of Cleveland, Ohio, and placed in active service a new type Model 50 chassis, with a special transcontinental home touring body, to be used in missionary work among the Mexicans in California and Arizona. This car is the first of a lar~e

number of such models which will be set apart for evangelistic work along the highways of the country. An exhaustive study leads us to the conviction that the new chapel car auto will reach small out- of-the-way hamlets and towns often many miles removed from trans- portation facilities. The specially constructed, long wheel-base truck will fill a long-felt necessity. This chapel car auto has several of the most important features essential to such conditions as may arise in the performance of many miles of various road conditions. The body, specially designed by the Brown Body Corporation, of Cleve- land, Ohio, is the latest word in furnishings and equipment. A mis- sionary and his wife have everything at their convenience to make life comfortable and their work effective as they travel from place to place. It has a specially constructed roof and pullman-tight windows.

On the outside are the names of the two socie- ties cooperating in the work, and a Scripture A MONUMENT TO CHAPEL-CAR WORK passage in English; First Baptist Church, Chowchilla, California ,'The Seed is the Word of God." On the center panel of the car are the words in Spanish, "Carro Capilla Mexicano," and a Scripture verse in Spanish, "By Grace Are Ye Saved Through Faith and That Not of Your- selves." On the opposite side of the car there is another verse in Spanish-" The Wages of Sin is Death, but the Gift of God is Eternal Life Through Jesus Christ Our Lord." There is a 50-gallon fresh water tank and waste, a wardrobe and bookcase built into the frame, a couch heavily trimmed (convertible at night into a double bed) and covered with imitation leather, drawer for linen, etc., an awning over the Tear platfonn which is used for preaching, a wash room and toilet, also a three-burner gas stove, and a folding table. The rear section is so constructed as to be convertible from a bedroom during the night to a reception room during the day, and is furnished with wicker chairs and furniture. A part of the equipment is a specially constructed tent, so arranged that the rear of the chapel car auto, with its pulpit platform, can be backed into the end of the tent and become the pulpit platform inside the tent. The tent itself is 16 by 30 feet and will accommodate a congregation of about one hundred peo- ple. It is equipped with an Estey pulpit organ, collapsible chairs, a Coleman lantern lighting system, and every modern and up-to-date convenience for the work of evangelism in isolated places. A trailer

will be used for carrying the tent, chairs, etc. The car will be known as "Chapel Car Auto No.1, Crawford Memorial."· The missionary, Rev. Pablo J.

Villanueva, is a Mexican who is versed in both Spanish and English, and knows the Mexican people intimately.

An assistant will travel with him and they will visit Mexican communities.

In cooperation with the American Baptist. Home Mission Society, we have forty-seven colporter-missionaries engaged in the work of personal and house-to-house evangelism in twenty-six different States, as well as in Mexico, Porto Rico, Cuba, and in the Central-American Republics of Nicaragua and EI Salvador.

Last year our missionaries spent 65,867 hours in visiting from house-to-house, and actually made calls upon 98,968 families.

Our missi9uaries distributed 729,558 pages of tract.s in seventeen different languages and had the joy of leading 1,569 persons to a saving knowledge of Christ as a personal Saviour. The total number of Bibles, Mr. AND MRS. HERMISTON AND REV. Testaments and Gospels distributed during SA"i~~L FqEr~I~EC~~TA~l:LE the year is 29,661, beside 13,948 other re- ligious books.

During the last five years our missionaries visited 55,375 families, distri- buted 2,322,867 pages of t.racts, and witnessed the conversion of 8,279 people.

. • The funds for its construction, as well as for Its upkeep and maintenance of the work, Were given by Mrs. Effie M. Crawford. of Santa Ana, Ca1ftornia. as a memorial to her deceased hus·band Mr. Will C. Crawtord. The car, with its complete eqUipment, cost about $9,000. '

THE NEW CHAPEL CAR AUTO FOR USE AMONG MEXICANS

ENTRANCE TO THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY AT

The American University at Cairo BY REV. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL, D.D., POUGHKEEPSIE, NEW YORK Author of "The Life of Christ"; "The Apostolic Age," etc.

CAIRO is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in Africa. This we all know; but how many of us recognize that it is the vital center of the Mohammedan world ~ ,Ve think of Mecca; but the influence of Mecca is sentimental and steadily decreasing, while that of Cairo is intellectual and gaining in strength constantly. Here is the famous school in the mosque EI-Azhar, where the Koran is the chief textbook, and the highest ambition of its thousands of students is to spread the faith of Mohammed. Here are printing and publishing houses, more than two hundred of them, steadily poumg forth Moslem literature-books, pamphlets, newspapers-to be read and treasured from Morocco to Java and China. Here is a stream of Mohammedan travellers coming from all quarters on business, pleasure and pious ends, and far outnumbering the pilgrims who flock to Mecca in the month of the Hajj. Surely, if one seeks the place where the teachings of Jesus can most widely be offered to the Moslem world, that place is Cairo.

Agencies for work with Moslems have already been established in Cairo. One is the Nile Mission Press, devoted to publishing and circulating Christian literature in Arabic, the chief vehicle of the Moslem religion, and called by the Arabs "the language of the angels." Another is The Study Center where future missionaries to Moslems receive their training in the Arabic language and in Moslem 269

thought. A third is the World Sunday School Association which has here its headquarters for work among Arabic-speaking peoples, and a fourth is the International Y. M. C. A., which has recently placed one of its ablest secretaries in Cairo, and is building up an important and far-reaching work. Other agencies, English as well as American, could well be mentioned. Latest of them all is the American University, an institution whose career, though yet brief, is remarkably full of interest and promise.

Seventy years ago the United Presbyterians began at Cairo a mission which has since extended through all of Egypt and has been MOSLEM SHEIKHS, READING IN THE LIBRARY OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL STUDIES justly pronounced one of the most successful in any foreign land. It is known as The American Mission and has made the word American a better term in Egypt for a follower of Christ than the word Christian. For in that land Christian either means a Copt-and Moslems have good reason to despise the degradations of Coptic Christianity; or else it means simply a European, so that even a drunken frequenter of brothels may be called a Christian. This explains why the name American was chosen rather than Christian for the new University; it is less offensive to Moslem ears, and more exactly descriptive to Egyptians of the character of the institution.

The American Mission had built up an excellent system of schools, reaching from kindergartens to a college at Assiut; but still there was lacking as its capstone a school of university grade which should do in Cairo a work similar to what is being done in Constantinople by Robert College and in Beirut by the American University -formerly the Syrian Protestant College. But to found a university

'I'HE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY AT CAIRO

is a formidable task, requiring not only men of great ability but also money in great measure, especially if its location is Cairo, a most expensive city. The United Presbyterians already had their re- sources fully taxed, and no other denomination was ready to under- take the founding. The need of such a school was unquestioned j the opening for it was evident; but by whom and how could it be brought into existence ~ The a~swer came from two strong and consecrated men, Charles R. Watson and Robert S. McClenahan, and a little band of fellow- workers and loyal donors associated with them. Dr. Watson was born in Egypt, the son of a leading mission- ary, and had been for fourteen years a secretary of the [Jnited Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. Dr. McClenahan, a trained teacher with an intimate knowledge of Egyptian life and character, was at the head of the Assiut college. These two men, finely equipped and peculiarly suited for joint work, resigned their positions to be- come, one the president and the other the dean of the proposed University. Its suc- cess thus far has been largely due to their unceasing labors. Someone recently re-'

marked, half humorously and half en- viously, "No institution has a right to the DR. CHARLES R. WATSON, • PRESIDENT services of two such men" j but no institu- tion could offer a work that either would feel more important than what he has chosen. They themselves, however, would attribute the remarkabie success of the new enterprise very largely to the band of godly men and women, some four hundred in all, who from the outset have stood pledged to undergird the University with their prayers.

The University has been as fortunate in its first home as in its leaders. In the very best section of Cairo, close by the Museum, the Parliament House, the British Residency and the American Legation, stood a prominent building whose history was most chequered. Orig- inally a pasha's palace, it had been transformed first into a tobacco factory and next into the home of a short-lived Egyptian university.

Later it became historic as the place where Roosevelt gave his vigor- ous ideas about the government of Egypt. During the war it was again used for school purposes, as many of the school buildings were taken for hospitals. It was purchased for the University at a very reasonable price; and the English officials showed their friendliness by helping to give prompt possession of it, even at some inconveni- ence. On one side of this main building are several smaller buildings which are used for the School of Oriental Studies, the college lunch- room, the students' showerbaths and lockers, and other purposes j

THE STUDENTS AT THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY AT CAIRO .md on the other side is an open lot which serves as an athletic field. Each afternoon the sidewalk outside this field is lined with natives, old as well as young, watching with curiosity and something of perplexity as the students with zest engage in athletics-a novel sight in Egypt. For the present this property is admirably suited to the University's needs, save that there is no provision for dormitories or for teachers' residences. The boys who come from outside the city have to find lodgings wherever they can–often where temptations are deplorably great; and the American teachers have no easy task to secure comfortable houses. As the University develops and funds accumulate, the college department should have its separate and larger quarters, preferably outside the city.

When the University opened its first department, the College of Arts and Sciences, in October, 1920, three hundred young men applied for admission, of whom one hundred and forty-two were selected to form a freshman and a sophomore class. The number of the applicants was not so surprising as the social standing of the families from which many of them came. Here were two sons of governors of provinces-the highest administrative position in Egypt except that of minister in the king's cabinet. Here were three sons of mayors, and four sons of judges of the Superior Court. Pashas are next to royalty, and beys next to them: here were twenty-four sons of pashas and beys. Young men from such families are bound in a few years to occupy places of high position where they will do much in shaping the future of Egypt; and the privilege and responsibility of educating them cannot be over-estimai:ed. The proportion of youths of rank and wealth has continued to increase as the college

'1'118 AME1UCAN uNTVBRS1'!'Y AT CAiRO

itself has grown to two hundred, the llumber which at p:r:esent is about all it is prepared to receive.

Another surprise is the number of Mohammedans who have come for enrollment. They are reluctant to enter a Christian institution, and have never formed over fourteen per cent of the young men in any mission school in Egypt; but in the University more than half the boys come from Moslem homes. One of them is the son of the highest official in EI-Azhar, and another the son of a leading sheikh in Tanta, that city to which more pilgrims flock than to Mecca, and whose religious festivals are notoriously foul. A prominent family in Jerusalem has sent two boys; and even from Mecca a fine, young fellow has come. "You from Mecca!" cried the teacher who received him, "how did you learn there about the University'I" "I read of it in a Cairo newspaper which we take." " And how do you come to speak English so well?" "I was taught it by my father who learned it of a pilgrim from India." "What is your father's occupation?" "He speaks several languages, and acts as a reconciler of disputes between pilgrims." Thus in many directions and by many ways the influence of the University is reaching out into the Mohammedan world.

The desire of fathers to give their sons a Western educati0n, and their recognition of the danger of a moral collapse if the boy is sent away to a European city for it, explain this remarkably large registration of Moslem students, and the friendly interest of so many Moslem leaders. It has not been promoted by any lessening or EGYPT fAN , TURKISH, ARMENIAN, SYRIAN, ARAB, AND JEWISH STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY 3

camouflaging of the po~itive Christiall character of the school, which is in every way maintained, even though there is always a ready recognition of whatever is good in Mohammedanism. Bible study and ethics are part of the required studies throughout the four years. All students are obliged to attend the morning chapel service of Bible reading and prayer; and, be it confessed, in reverent demeanor and evident interest they are much beyond many American college men. A voluntary organization, called The Students' Union, does much the same work as a college Y. M. C. A., and furnishes opportunity for discussions-often full and free–of problems of morals and spiritual life. Probably the strongest and most helpful of all the religious influences is the daily contact of the teachers with the stUdents, which is unusually close and sympathetic, but at present, owing to the absence of dormitory life, is not as continuous as it otherwise could be.

Not long ago the king of Egypt, Fuad I, who has shown much interest in the University from its beginning, granted an audience to the president and others who wished to· tell him just what the school was doing and hoped to do. And in the conversation, which was quite prolonged, the king said, "Two things I wish you to emphasize. One is thoroughness; the present education in Egypt is largely mere memory work and very superficial; the other is character development; what Egypt needs more than anything else is men who have had the discipline and teaching that produce character and integrity. " Egyptian history, past and present, lends sad emphasis to these words; and it was a pleasure to assure the anxious king that the University is striving to do just that which he desired. Probably few of its Moslem students will become confessed Christians-the obstacles at present are almost insurmountable; but no boy can spend four years in the University without gaining a purer code of morals, new and higher ideals, and a recognition of opportunity and duty that will transform his whole after life.

The School of Oriental Studies, which is the second department of the University, was opened in 1921. Affiliating itself with the Study Center already mentioned, it took over the whole work of instructing missionaries in Arabic, and hilS each year between seventyfive and a hundred students sent by different mission boards. Moslem sheikhs conduct the daily language drill, while at the head of the school are such excellent and enthnsiastic scholars as Canon W. H. T. Gitirdner, Rev. Earl E. Elder and Rev. Arthur Jeffery. The School has a.carefully selected departmental library, and in every way is well equipp'ed for students who. wish to pursue advanced work in Oriental languages and literature.

University Extension is a third department, just beginning to be developed. Experiment has shown that large and eager audiences will attend popular lectures on science,health, education and similar SUbjects. Here is a most promising field for which one of the Amer-

i924j 'i'HE AMER1CAN UNIVERStTY A'f CAIRO

iean professors has specially prepared himself, and in which today the chief limitation is the lack of a hall large enough to hold at least a thousand persons. Such a hall stands almost first among the wants of the University. The creation of other departments should soon rome: it waits not for demands but for funds. Schools of agriculture, medicine, law, journalism, business administration, all are greatly needed in Cairo, and needed at once. Egypt suddenly finds herself an independent nation with the forces of modern civilization streaming in upon her. Her leaders must receive the Western education; and if the ChriRtian form of it is not made accessible, the non-Christian is bound to be established. The American University has done ·wonderfully well in three short vears to develop as far as its pr~sent stage. Though endorsed by several mission boards, it. has been supported almost wholly by private gi.fts, and must look to these for any future development. Just so fast as they come, the leaders of the University stand ready to go forward.

No better summary of the whole situation could be given than that made by the editor of the leading' Arabic daily paper in Cairo, himself an uncle of one of' the students, in a letter to Dr. ·Watson: "Anvone who studies the situa- GANUL-ES SAYYED MUSSALLAMI OF MECCA tion recognizes that Cairo is the center of thinking for the millions who com- A descendant of Mohammed-a student at prise the Arabic-speaking worl{]. Just the University now all that world is moving rapidly towards a renaissance: the spirit of con- tagious enquiry is abroad. Much that is traditional and false is being discarded.

What shall take its place Y I believe that you Americans can lead the way in this new era better than anyone else. I do not speak only of financial sup- port. I refer to ideals, moral and religious, social ancl economic. Our King Fouad I and every thinking citizen have repeatedly expressed their welcome to you and the University. We feel that if you Americans do not provide th~ reconstruction, it is not going to be done."

iVe have been proud that it was an American who discovered the tomb of Tut-ankh-Amen and unveiled its treasures, while all the world watched and applauded. But this little group in Cairo, whose work I have tried to describe, are Americans also, unveiling to Egypt treasures of which no Pharaoh ever dreamed. Shall we not likewise be proud of them, and give them our hearty endorsement and support?

1£ I Were a Young Missionary in Korea BY YI SANG CHar The writer is one of the oldest and most honored and useful of Korean Christians. The following address is the first he has ever been induced to make to foreigners and was given to the Language School students in Seoul, consisting of abont fifty new missionaries engaged in the effort of acquiring the Korean tongue.

T HE first thing ,to do is to forget that you are Americans, who are working among Koreans, and to be fully persuaded that we are all from the same Homeland, some of us having arrived in Korea and Home in America. "Ve are to work for the glory of the Homeland.

As Christians we are one. Our Heavenly Kingdom is above any earthly boundaries. Let us, therefore, not allow pride of nationality to be a hindrance to us in performing the work of the Kingdom. Even the Heavenly Kingdom must be militant and progressive, but its purpose is not to subject and to destroy others, but rather to bring help and salvation to all. In communism, those who have not, wish to take from those who have; but in the Kingdom of God, those who have go out of their way to give to those who have not. The reason for this difference is that earthly kingdoms are age-centric while Christianity centers its aims and efforts upon God.

My first advice to young missionaries is to emulate the older missionaries who have caught this vision of service. America is powerful and large, while Korea is small and weak. Our common membership in the KingdolU of Heaven is the only common basis on which we can lUeet; because it is natural for the powerful to look down on the weak, and for the weak to feel that they are looked down upon. Even in the Church there is something of this feeling due largely, however, to misunderstanding. Ecclesiastical trouble is due to the fact that consciousness of the Kingdom of Heaven does not, as yet, completely dominate the Church.

Consult the oldest missionaries; try to understand the Bible and to understand the Korean people. Put the Kingdom of Heaven first.

1924J A HINDU VIEW OF JESUS CHRIST

A HIND IT VIEW OF JESUS CHRIST M ORE than nineteen hundred years ago, Jesus Christ was . nailed upon the Cross by a Roman Governor. The orthodox Jews who instigated Pilate to commit this infamous crime, were no doubt satisfied that the great move- ment which Christ had set on foot had failed. Failed! It was Roman justice that failed; it was Jewish bigotry that failed. An empire which has ceased to heed the voice of justice and of humanity, and devotes itself to the pursuit of its own selfish interests, is like a rotten tree which awaits but the first passing blast to fall to the ground. The Roman Empire fell, and upon I' its ruins the Church of Christ rose to a great height of power. Today, though organized Christianity but feebly reflects the spirit of its Master, the personality of the Master Himself stands forth before all the world with a compelling grandeur.

Never before have so manv earnest minds of all races and creeds turned to Him for light and guidance in their perplexi- ties. The" number and insight of the new Lives of Christ are alone evidence of this fresh and deepened interest in His life and teaching. But the most impressive proof of it is that Mahatma Gandhi, a Hindu, has sought in the first time in history to apply the Master's teaching to politics as the best means of raising the people of India to a consciousness of their duty to "themselves and to humanity. Mahatma Gandhi, it is true, was "buried alive" under the order of authority. But a seed which is "buried alive" does not die, but gets the opportunity with- out which it cannot fulfil its purpose.

Mahatma Gandhi's movement has made the central teaching of Christ known and cherished in quarters to which a hundred years of the propaganda of Christian Missions had not been able to penetrate. And it has presented it in a form readily assimilable to the Indian mind. Not only among Hindus but among Indian Christians also are being revealed a new meaning and a new purpose in the message of the Galilean Prophet, not antagonistic to or destructive of their precious national heritage, but setting it forth in its full intrinsic worth and value. A Hindu becomes a better Hindu, a Mahomedan a better Mahom- edan, a Parsi a better Parsi by following his own ancestral faith in the master light which Jesus lighted nineteen centuries ago. He himself spoke of His message as a leaven which operates in and through the preexisting stuff of which each nation's life is moulded. Thoughtful Christian missionaries, we are glad, are coming to realize ,the need of recasting their old methods in the new light in which Christ appears today.-'l'he Indian Social Reformer.

IN THE TRAINING SCHOOL TEACHING ILLITERATE WOM~~ N '1'0

The Awakening of Chinese Souls Stori es of lVo'lnen ,in th e Bibk Tp,achers' Training School BY MARY F. PARME:NTER, NANIGNG, CHINA O NE of my duties-nay, one of my chief joys- is to talk person- ally with new students as they enter the Bible Teachers' Training School, and to hear from them the story of their lives. In this way one gets a wonderful glimpse into Chinese life, . also into the awakening of the sonl, and God's way of wooing hearts to Himself. You are invited to sit beside me, to look into the faces illumined by Him who" is Light," and to hear a few of these stories as these Chinese women tell them with unaffected simpllcity.

A young woman, in her twenties, with a strong face and a merry eye, tells the following story of her life: "MyoId home was two days' journey north of Peking. My father and his brothers with their families lived together in the country. Father became a Christian a short time before the Boxer uprising in 1900. At that time he had one child, a little son. .He often visited his pastor's home where he saw new conditions—the girls attending school and developing into fine young womanhood. He would return home and tell mother that he hoped this next litt.le one wou1d be a girl so that he could send her to scho01 and be the father of an educated daughter. A few months 1ater I was born. This baby girl received a welcome. When two years old, there was great trouble in our country and persecution for the Christians. Father went to see the pastor to consult with him about the situation. 'While he was gone conditions became so serious that mother deemed it best to 278

THE AWAKENING OF CHINESE SOULS

escape with my brother and myself. That very night father returned and slept in the home alone not knowing whither we had gone. His neighbors, fearing the consequences of having a Christian in their midst, told the Boxers of his whereabouts. Before daybreak they had murdered him. Mother was very bitter. She hated the neighbors who had betrayed father, and her heart was full of r evenge. She spent weeks making silver paper money to burn at father's grave in order that he might have sufficient money in the spirit world to take revenge on them. The pastor con- stantly visited her seeking to com- fort her and to lead her to believe on her husband's Savionr. After two years she yielded. We were farmers owning property, but after father's death his brothers, as is so often the case in my country, hegan devouring the widow's por- tion. When· mother saw her means of support diminishing, she re- quested of my uncles that they di- vide to her what was left of her share, allowing her to support her- self. This they did. So mother had to manage her own little farm, hir- jng a man to work the fields.

" As soon as we were old enough mv brother and I attended school rel:,~llarly, but there came a time when we had finished the school in our vicinity. 'Ve needed to go to Peking. How could A STUDENT mother afford this! Nothing daunted and determm~ ed to give us an The first Chinese woman in Fukien Prov· in ce to be licensed a8 a "local preacher"

education, she dismissed the farm hand and went into the fields her- self. When we came home for the long summer vacations my brother and I worked with her. In this wav we were both able to continue our education. Mother had become" a. verv ea.rnest Christian. The ladies in our church desired her to come to their Bible School to learn to read that she might become a Bible woman. Mother longed to do this, but if she left the farm we could not study. Knowing ~he cir- cumstances, I determined to go to my principal and ask her fat a scholarship in order to free my mother. It was not an easy thing to do. I prayed many days-I prayed about every detail-then went to the principal, stating the facts. She gladly consented. Mother left the farm and went to Bible School. God answered my prayers.

It was through this experience that I began to know God for myself.

"One day, later on, mother, brother and I were attending a con- ference held by the Bishop of our church. We did not sit together.

He preached on consecration-setting ourselves apart as holy unto the Lord for His service. At the close he had an altar service asking all who would make this decision to come to the altar. I went for- ward and gave myself wholly to the Lord for His service for life.

Then he asked all parents who would thus set apart their children to also kneel at the altar. Vlhen we arose from our knees imagine our delight to find that unknown to each other, mother, brother and I had all been kneeling at the same altar. Great joy filled me! From that hour there has never been a minute when I have not recognized myself as sanctified unto the Lord for His service. After graduating I taught for a time, after which God opened my way to take this training here where I am so happy and am coming to know Him so much better than ever before."

This young woman has since been graduated from the Bible Teachers' Training School, and has returned to Poking where she is doing splendid work, teaching the Bible. * *' :ji:.

In contrast to this student whose young life was disciplined by sorrow and hardship the following is the story of a girl from a large, wealthy official family. She is tall with a lithe, well-rounded, grace- ful figure, a face beautiful and expressive-reflecting the joy within -and most attractive in manner. She says: "My younger sister and I were educated in the government schools. Through the influence of Christians we were both converted and united with the Church. After graduation I was engaged to teach in a provincial girls' school. It was not until later on that I learned that my predecessor, because of the strong anti-Christian feeling of the principal, had not been engaged to return the second year. Upon my arrival at the opening of the school the principal presented me with the regulations of the institution for the faculty members. Two affected me as a Christian, so I frankly stated that I could observe all but two. Since I was a Christian I could not agree to those. It was too late to make changes so he replied, 'Well, say nothing about it!' I sought to Mve Christ in that school. One day a group of girls came to me and asked-'Why do you always look so happy, and why does your face shine soP I replied, 'Because Christ lives in my heart.'

They watched my life closely. Soon they desired to study Chris- tianity. Several of the teachers as well as many of the students pur- chased Bibles and began to study them earnestly. It was against the rules of the school to hold any religious meetings within its walls, so we gathered at a near-by mission chapel for Bible study and prayer, sometimes rising very early for this. As many as sixty enrolled their names in the Church as inquirers. I helped them to the best of

my ability, but I was only a young Christian. My knowledge of the Bible was insufficient to lead them farther than the 'first principles' of the Christian faith. I decided to leave and enter the Bible Teachers' Training School to study and thus prepare for service. The principal was uneasy because of tbis movement in his school. Letters of complaint from parents wer e annoying, hence he gladly released me. Soon after I left he called the matron and said," I want you to go to all the rooms of the girls, search for Bibles and bring them to me; I want to burn them.' The matron replied, 'I cannot do it, for I have a Bible myself and am studying Christianity.' He called a teacher and received the same response-then a second teacherbut all to no avail! .At last he commanded a servant to do it. When BIBLE SCHOOL STUDENTS STARTING OUT 'l'0 PREACH IN THE Cl'l'Y she brought the Bibles he burned them. Upon hearing of this the students were incensed, and went to him with great indignation saying, 'You had no right to burn Bibles which belonged to us.' They demanded a refund of a dollar (perhaps four times the cost) for each one burned. The principal r efunded the money. "

Such was the spirit of this young woman when she entered our school. vVe found her to be an excellent student, gifted and with marked ability and spirituality. She was graduated in June.

Before leaving, this young woman said, "I have felt the call of God to go where Christ is not named, but for family reasons I cannot ·go to distant parts of my country. I have found a market town about a day's journey by boat from my home. It is my purpose to Tent a house there and with a friend of like mind, ·and an older woman to chaperone us, to open a work ourselves. I will trust God for the funds. .At first we will open a half-day school for women,

visit in the homes, and then see how God leads on. My parents have given their consent. When one of my brothers, himself not a Chris- tian, heard of my plan, he said, 'Since you have such faith and zeal, I cannot do less than to help you now and then.' "

'"

Listen to the sad story of the next woman, who was the oldest in a class of thirty that was graduated last June: "I was converted when young, married a Christian man, and became the mother of two children, a boy and a girl. I lived in Anhuei Province, but my husband taught in Nanking University. While there he was taken ill with typhoid fever which proved fatal. When the word of his death came the friends feared to tell me-the young wife who was preparing to go to him–so they called a prayermeeting and during this little service gently broke the news to me. God wonderfully sustained. I taught in a mission school in my native place for thirteen years. My little son loved to pray, sing hymns and talk about the Saviour. Although a well, strong child, he was taken suddenly ill and soon went to be with the Saviour he loved. All· that was left me was my daughter. I centered all the affection of my heart on her. ·When she had finished the grade school I gave up my position as teacher and took her to Nanking to continue her studies. I acted as Bible woman there in order to be near my daughter. Her health gave out and after a lingering illness she was taken from me. My grief was almost unbearable. The neighbors feared that I would lose my mind, but God in great mercy comforted me; Jesus healed my broken heart and filled me with joy. Now I have the wonderful privilege in this school of further preparation for service. My heart praises my Sayiour! I rejoice in Him!"

'" '" '"

The fourth young woman is one who, during' her two years with us, endeared herself to all onr hearts by her genuineness, devotion, zeal and overflowing happiness. She received her diploma in June and has gone back to preach in her own province. This is her story:- "I was the youngest child and only girl. I had nve brothers. We never heard the Gospel until my father was taking a certain journey of several days on foot. The man who carried his load was a Christian. As they travelled along together the man told father something of this new religion, but not being satisfied with his own ability to state it clearly, a few months later he brought his brother to our home to show us more perfectly the way of life. We all gathered in my little country home and listened eagerly and attentively to the gospel story-but none more so than Brother Number FivE.!. He fairly drank in the words! As he heard that Christiam had schools he asked that he might enter one and thus hear more. So with the consent of our parents these men took him to a town a few miles distant where he entered a mission school.

J924] THE AWAKENING OF CHINESE SOULS

"After a few months my oldest sister-in-law became very ill. 'rhe family worshiped idols and practiced many heathen rites in order to save her life, but she died. Then Brother Number Five was brought home from school sick with the same disease. He refused to worship the idols and besought the family not to use the methods that had proven useless for the sister-in-law, but to call upon the true God. He did not die. During his long sickness I loved to sit at his bedside as he told me of .Tesus and of salvation through Him. I was converted at that bedside. I had a nephew just about my age in the home. I brought him in to hear, and he, too, accepted Christ. We three children were very happy in our newly-found Saviour, but none of the older members of the family believed at that time.

STUDENTS SELECTING MATERIAL TO USE IN THEIR EVANGELISTIC MEETtNGS "In our home was a very dear aged grandmother, greatly respected and revered by all. A few months later she passed away. According to the custom of my country she mnst have a great funeral with no end of idolatrous rites and ceremonies. When all the family reverently worshiped her as she lay in her coffin, we three children absolutely refused. This incurred the fierce anger of father. It descended more especially upon the head of Brother Number Five. Father said to him: 'You are not my son-all I ask of you is to return me the number of pounds with which yon came into the world.' This was very hard for a truly filial son to bear, but he quietly slipped a,vay and returned to his school. 'rhis left nephew and myself to stand alone. According to custom a month later all must worship at grandmother's grave. Nephew and I made ourselves scarce that day. our absence not being specially noticed. Another month came around and we tried the same plan. This time we were not so successful for

mother caught on to our ways, but when we stood true to our convictions, refusing to worship, she let us off with a severe scolding.

"Later on all the family became Christians. I was allowed to go to school. I am so grateful to God for so wonderfully saving me -a child in the country where not even the name of the Saviour had been heard-that I can but give my life to tell the Gospel to others who sit in like darkness."

* Another girl says: "I was educated in government schools, was self-sufficient, selfrighteous and hated the Christ,ian religion. I held a fine position as teacher in a government normal school with a salary which was ample to satisfy any Chinese lady. r had lost all faith in idols and did not believe in the existence of a God. Through the quiet influence of a Chinese young woman, herself an earnest Christian, a number of our students became interested in Christianity. The Principal, fearing the Board of Education who were exceedingly anti-Christian, looked to me to help counteract this influence. Christians sought in various ways to lead me into the truth, but it seemingly only aroused a spirit of animosity within me. Nevertheless I could not get away from the question-'Is there a God~' In my soul there was great unrest. One day as I was accompanying some of our students on a boat on the 'Yang-tze River, and as I beheld the beautiful landscape before me, there was revealed to my soul the existence of a Oreator- God. I knew that He was the Ohristian's God. From that day I believed in God, but not in Ohrist. I felt no need of a Saviour. I read the Bible, enjoying the portions that I thought resembled the writings of Oonfucius, but not caring for the doctrinal parts. However, the more I read the Bible the more I realized that a great deal of it had not yet entered into my life. By refusing to accept any part that I could not understand I shut myself from its most blessed teachings. I grew more and more unhappy-and to my heart there came a great yearning to know the whole truth. One day as I was reading about Peter walking on the water, Christ's rebuke to him, '0 thou of little faith, wherefore didst thou doubtf' was spoken by the Spirit directly to my own heart. I was deeply convicted of the sin of unbelief. I knelt and told the Lord that I would believe the Bible whether I understnod it or not. I received Christ as my Saviour. Rest, peace, joy filled my being. I soon knew that I could not remain in the government school; God called me to spread abroad the knowledge of Him to my own people."

It is not strange that the Spirit of God marvelously opened up His Holy Word to one who had promised to believe before she understood. During the five years since her conversion she has borne much fruit. She is teaching in a Bible School, is greatly used in evangelistic work, and is one of the editorial staff of a helpful and

'!'HE AWAk:8NJNG 0]' CHINES:8 SOULS

splendid magazine published by a small company 1)f consecrated Chinese-pastors and teachers-who are seeking to build up the Chinese Church. **"

We can only tell one more of these soul histories. It is a wonderful story of a girl of rare beauty, with clear' olive skin, and a sweet, lady-like beariug. She says: "My father is an official in Chekiang Province. Mother died when I was very young leaving two children. Father married again. I studied in my own home but afterwards was sent to a mission school for girls. While there I confessed Christ and united with the Church without consulting with my parents for I knew they would not give their permission. Of course they learned of it, and the consequence was that I was not permitted to return to school at the close of the next vacation, but had their permission to attend Church on Sundays. Later on Miss Dora Yii came to hold a series of meetings. As she preached Christ crucified I was' deeply convicted of sin and made a full confession. Previous to this time I had loved Christ for the beauty of His character and life, but had not realized that He had died for my sin. How I loved Him as I saw Him crucified' for me! I resolved to live Christ in mv home and shine for Him as I h'a.tt not done before. , With this change there began bitter per- secution. I was forbidden to attend Church. I spent Sundays alone in my room studying the Bible and praying. Moreover father decided to betroth me. He chose a good young man from a fine family, but since he was a heathen, I would not give my consent. This greatly grieved my father who loved me deeply. He considered me unfilial. This was hard to bear. When he found that I was not moved he sent for brother to come home to persuade me. Brother said, 'Sister, I know something of the Christian religion. It is right for you to worship God with your spirit for He gave it, it belongs to Him, but your body belongs to your parents who gave it to you, and you ought to obey your parents with your body. Our parents are distressed over your disobedience.' As he presented this argument in a moment of weakness I yielded and consented to the betrothal. In a few days all were making preparations for a grand heathen wedding. My heart sank within me. I could not bear it! 'l'here was left to me bu't one resource-God! I made my prayer unto Him; I besought Him to work out my deliverance. Through family matters in the home of my fiance God wonderfully intervened. My wedding was postponed that spring and again in the fall.

Then God began to speak to me about preaching. He spoke first through Acts 6: 14. 'We will give ourselves continually to prayer and the ministry of the Word.' As His call became clear I knew I must have preparation, so I asked my stepmother if I might go to the Nanking Bible Teachers Training School. She not only refused but was very angry. The way seemed closed. The Lord

spoke again through Gal. 1: 15, 16. '1 conferred not with flesh and blood.' Also through Heb. 11: 8, 'By faith Abraham ….. went out, not knowing whither he went.' As I prayed I felt that I was to leave home and go to school without the permission of my parents. 1 arose very early one morning, and leaving a letter for father in which I thanked him for all he had been to me, told him of my call and purpose, saying I must obey God, 1, too, went out not knowing whither I was going. I did not even know the ,'lay to the station, but in the court 1 met a servant who took me without question. I went to the home of a missionary friend, but the next train brought a servant with a message from father ordering me home. 1 felt that 1 must obey but two Christian friends went with me. Father was very angry and utterly refused to allow me to attend Bible School. vVe three decided to go to our knees and remain there until he yielded. Finally he consented for me to return with my friends with the promise that if my fiance gave his consent for me to go to Nanking he would withdraw his objections. 'Within a short time my fiance heartily agreed. I made all arrangements to go, but my father would not allow me to leave the house. He even offered to send me abroad to study if 1 would abandon my purpose to go to Bible School, but 1 was not moved. The call of God was upon me. Again my only resource was God. I decided to fast and pray until father gave permission. 'When this news reached brother he speedily came home, this time to persuade my father! He said to father, 'While sister's going to Nanking is the same as burying her, yet if she is kept at home it will also mean her burial.' Father was thus persuaded. No daughter of his should be helped by mission funds, so he agreed to pay all expenses. I took the train for Nauking escorted by brother and uncle! On the train brother said to me, 'Sister, as 1 see how you have suffered, and have come out from home with only these '-pointing to my one trunk and roll of bedding, -'how you have given up wealth and all the worldly advantages that were yours, in order to follow Christ-I am convinced that the Christian religion must be true!"

This young woman has "gro,vll in grace and in the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ." She was a power for God in the school, giving abundant evidence by life, words and works that she was truly called by Him. She was graduated in January, 1923. A month later she was mightily used in leading a great revival in a large city, at which time many Christians were quickened and blessed, and many were converted. She received invitations to conduct similar services in other places, but felt the call of God to go 110me to seek to lead her family to Christ. Word has already been received .of the conversion of her stepmother who had hitherto most bitterly persecuted her. Her heart is truly filled with a love for souls and a passion to win them to Christ.

Indians in Bolivia and

BY REV. WEBSTER E. BROWNING, PH.D.

Educational Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America nA.recent inclusive trip of some eight months through the re- publics of South America gave a renewed opportunity for the study of the condition of the Indian tribes, especially in the far interior of Peru and Bolivia.

The work being done by the evangelical churches of the United States, on behalf of these simple children of the soil, is slight in extent, but many indications reveal an unusual opportunity for advance. 'l'wo situations that were specially noted are to be mentioned in this article.

The Seventh Day Adventists carryon a work among the Indians who live on the borders of Lake Titicaca, in Bolivia and Peru. In a large district, where no other evangelical body has as yet planted its work, this society has built up one of the best instances of constructive missionary education for the aboriginal population that can be found in South America.

Lake Titicaca lies up in the high Andes, at an altitude of almost 12,500 feet above the sea, and its waters are always near the freezing point. The entire region round about is bare and cold and cheerless. Yet this immedate district is the center of two or three millions of Indians who are the descendants of the once powerful races over which the Inca chieftains ruled until the coming of the Spaniards in the sixteenth century. Many of these Indians have been received into the Roman Catholic Church, and by it are claimed as loyal children; yet it is but a baptized paganism which has come to them and in times of stress and doubt the simple heart of the native turns to bis pagan divinities and he bows down and worships them. One who has traversed these bleak upland plains cllnnot wonder that the Indian, from time immemorial, has looked upon the sun as his god and that even yet, in spite of a veneer of Christian teaching, he considers it his principal deity.

The Adventist missionaries have undertaken a work in this I'egion that has already done much for the material and spiritual uplift of the Indian population. This work is divided into the usual educational, medical and evangelistic departments, but this short statement can treat of the first only.

The latest statistics state that seventy-eight schools have now been established, with a total registration of 3,700 pupils. The majority of the teachers in these schools are Indians who have been trained under missionary direction, and Qne whiteman to every ten or twelve natives acts as instructor and superintendent. The build- 287

ings are of the most primitive and simple construction and in most cases have been erected by the pupils themselves, who have thus learned practically something of the art of building. In one case, ,yhen labor was lacking, sixty-five teachers who had gathered at .fuliaca, on the borders of Lake Titicaca, to attend a normal institute, undertook the work themselves and carried the construction of the building to completion.

In these schools, in addition to the instruction in ordinary branches and in the Bible, much stress is laid on industrial training, and carpentry, black-smithing and farming are taught in a practical manner, under trained teachers. The whole region is being helped and government officials who are familiar with the situation are loud in their praises of the work that is being done. Recognizing that the lndian has had much of mystic teaching from the dominant church of the country, which has done little for his uplift and which is generally beyond the comprehension of his childlike mind, which has been further deadened by the use of coca leaves and the lack of sufficient food and clothing, the missionaries have endeavored to give him that industrial training which will benefit him physically and materially, but have not omitted the instruction which has to do with the soul.

One worker of this mission has now gone down into central Peru, a tropical region which is peopled by savage tribes who fear the white man and, as a rule, lose no opportunity to attack him, and has opened his work on the banks of the Perene River. One baptism is reported and the missionary, who is a physician, :finds a ready response to his efforts.

A second situation to which reference may be made is that which exists in the region contiguous to the ancient city of Cuzco, Peru, which was once the center of the Incan Empire and is distant a day's journey in train from Lake Titicaca, and the work already referred to.

The Indians in this region, who have been unusually exploited by both priests and politicians, are now openly declaring that they are done with Christianity as they have known it and are determined to return to their primitive pagan beliefs and practices. Some of them have heard of evangelical Christianity and have sought to obtain teachers and preachers, but in vain. The missionaries of the Evangelical Union of South America, which is a British society, have a small but very efficient hospital and clinic in Cuzco and an industrial farm at a near-by point. Yet they are unable to answer the calls that come to them from the great region round about and unless they are reenforced or help comes to them from another source, it is altogether probable that in the next few years we shall have to witness a wholesale lapse of the Indian popUlation into its pagan practices. The frontispiece photograph shows a group of 108 Indian chiefs, each of whom is the representative of a village or small tribe, who came more than a year ago in a body to solicit

JA..1VlES 1. GOOD~ENLARGER OF THE I<INGDOM

help from the missionaries in Cuzco. They stated that they could get no protection from the Government against either the priests or the local politicians and, as a last hope, they had come to the evangelical missionaries. Here again they were turned away, since no workers were available to meet their l'equest for teachers and preachers who might instruct them, and they went disconsolately back to their villages and little farms with the message to their people that from no source could help be secured. Unfriended, helpless, exploited, they must watch the daily encroachment of the white man on their ancient domain; the increasing arrogance and neglect of the official church from which they had hoped to secure redress, and they are doomed to go down into the darkness of death with no adequate knowledge of that Christ of Whom they have but vaguely heard.

When will the evangelical churches of the United States awaken to an appreciation of their responsibility for these millions of fellow Americans who are as utterly pagan and as distressingly needyphysically, intellectually and spiritually-as the lowest and most llIiserable of the peoples of Asia or Africa?

James I. Good-Enlarger of the Kingdom BY ALLEN R. BARTHOLOMEW, PHILADELPHIA, P A.

secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the U. S.

N Oone can estimate what the death of Dr. James T. Good, Pres- ident of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the United States, means in loss to the Church and to the cause of missions. For thirty-one years this man of God stood in the forefront of our missionary work. His was a unique entrance into the circle of our Board of Foreign Missions. He had not served any apprenticeship as a member of the Board, but at its very first meeting, after his election by the General Synod in the year 1893, we chose him as our president. And what a wealth of faith, wisdom, patience, devotion and zeal he brought to his high and sacred position in the Church of his Fathers! His soul was all aflame with the sublime passion of winning the world to Christ.

His sudden death in Philadelphia on January 22d, has cast a cloud of sorrow' over a wide circle of Christian fellowship. This was brought out in the addresses at the funeral services and in the many messages of sympathy. He was a minister of the Reformed Church, but the ministries of his long career and his broad catholic spirit were spent in binding together and strengthening the churches whose doctrines, worship and government were alike. He was especially active in the American Section of the Alliance of Reformed Churches. In this "relation he became deeply interested, during the past five years, in a self-sacrificing ministry to the stricken pastors 14

and people of the Reformed family in war-smitten Europe. Only the recording angel in Heaven can tell of his unceasing labors in gathering funds and clothing for the needy and bringing comfort and joy by letters of sympathy and by personal visitations to Poland, Bohemia, Hungary, Austria and other devastated countries. The name and influence of Dr. Good today is as great, if not greater, in Europe than in our own country.

James Isaac Good was born in York, Pennsylvania, December 31, 1850, the son of Rev. William A. and Susan B. (Eckert) Good. He spent his youthful days in Reading, Pennsylvania, where his father was principal of a select school for girls, pastor of several congregations. in the vicinity, and the first superintendent of the Common Schools in Berks County. The son was a graduate of Lafayette College, 1872, and of Union Theological Seminary, 1875. He was licensed by Lebanon Classis of the Reformed Church in the U. S. in 1875 and held pastorates in Heidelberg Church, York, Pennsylvania, 1875-7; Heidelberg Ohurch, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1877-90; and Calvary Ohurch, Reading, Pennsylvania, 1890-1905.

In connection with his last pastorate, he served as professor of Church History, Dogmatics and Practical Theology and Dean of Ursinus School of Theology. Upon the union of Ursinus School of Theology and Heidelberg Theological Seminary under the title of Central Theological Seminary, Dayton, Ohio, he became professor of Reformed Church History and Liturgics, 1907-24. He was Pres- ident of the General Synod of the Reformed Ohurch in the U. S.

1911-14, American Section of the Alliance of Reformed Churches, Vice-President of the World Alliance of the Reformed and Presbyterian Churches, and honorary member of the Huguenot Society of Pennsylvania. He was President of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the U. S., 1893-1924.

He was a prolific author and a frequent traveller to Europe. His contributions to the historical literature of the Reformed Ohurch will make his influence a perpetual presence in the minds and hearts of our pastors and people. The primary object of his many visits to Europe was always in search of new treasures to enrich the history of the Church of his Fathers. On account of these labors of love. he has made all the churches with Reformed ancestry heavy debtors. His intense interest in the historv and doctrines of the Church of the Reformation made him zealou~ in helping young men to prepare for the Christian,ministry. Hundreds of pastors are now serving in our own and other churches, due to his liberal contributions. Truly, he was a recruiting servant of Christ and deserves the title "Enlarger of the Kingdom."

Doors in Latin

BY H. AND S. B. STRACHAN Organizer of the Latin America Evangelization Campaigrr T HE majority of the ninety million people of Latin America .are still practically unevangelized, for they are still without an adequate knowledge of the Gospel of Christ. The present missionary forces are pitifully inadequate to the great task of evangelizing these masses. For example, in Colombia there is only one Evangelical missionary to 225,000 people. Of the total missionary force of thirty men and women, twenty-two are concentrated in three large centres, with a population of 250,000. It is a physical impossibility for a man to evangelize hundreds of thouf-ands of people, scattered over an immense district, with a mule as the only means of transport. Even where work is fairly well manned only a small fractie)ll of the people is being reached, largely because of the prejudice fostered by the priests against what they term a foreign and heretical religion. The growing atheism in Latin America and the gross superstitions of the masses are both antagonistic to the progress of Christianity.

Our recent missionary trip of one year through the greater part of Latin America was undertaken with a view to making a survey of the situation and of planning an evangelistic campaign among these unreached millions. We travelled over 30,000 miles in Central America, the West Indies, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina. We had abundant opportunity to see the situation at first hRlld both in occupied and in unoccupied territory. The mission stations, widely scattered, are but pin points of light in the vast darkness which covers the continent from Mexico to the Magellan Straits and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Noone who has seen conditions in Latin America will contend that Romanism offers adequate light to relieve that darkness for both in doctrine and in practice it denies fundamental truths of the Christian religion. r1'he moral, spiritual and intellectual inheritance of the Latin American peoples from four centuries of Romanism is conclusive evidence that her light has not dispelled the darkness.

The problem of the evangelization of Latin America has never been handled in any adequate way. After what has been called" an experiment" of from fifty to seventy years, the evangelical membership of all denominations is only a little over one hundred thousand. The work has been too great for the missionary forces employed even jf the resources at their command had been more adequate to the task imposed upon them. Take for example, the six Central American republics which have an estimated popUlation of 6,000,000 that pres- 291

ent today a harvest field ready for the reaping. Guatemala has over two millions of that total with about fifty missionaries, men and women, or, one missionary to every 34,000 people. The remaining four million Central Americans have one missionary to every one hundred thousand. The whole situation from the point of view of adequate occupation of the field is tragic. Moreover the fact is that as a rule the missionaries grouped in certain areas, so that large territories, with hundreds of thousands of souls, are entirely unreached.

Everywhere the doors are wide open to Christian workers. The intelligent classes repudiate the superstitions of Rome, but they have nothing to take its place. The poorer people gladly hear the Gospel when they have the opportunity. People who will not under any circumstances go to the ordinary mission hall or church, will come to places unassociated with religion, to some neutral ground, as for example, tents, theatres, working men's hall, the public plazas, etc. In such places the message will have an unprejudiced hearing. Evidence of this was seen at Barranquilla in Colombia (the most fanatical of all the ;Latin republics) where the special meetings were inaugurated by a meeting in an open air theatre, the first ever held in Barranquilla. Despite the fact that there was only one day in which io organize the meeting and make announcement of it, a crowd of over five hundred people came. The majority of them had not heard the Gospel before, but the order and interest were all that could be desired. Many of the same people attended the services in the church on succeeding nights and a number manifested their desire to accept Christ their Saviour.

This experience was repeated in other cities and it was invariably found that after once hearing the Gospel, there was no difficulty in getting people into a mission hall. In one city where a union service on the Sunday morning attracted some twenty people to the preaching ball, a meeting in the public plaza that same afternoon, (the first that had ever been held in that city), had the effect of crowding the place to its utmost capacity to hear the simple presentation of Christ as the All-sufficient Saviour who not only died to save men from the penalty of their sin, but who lives to save them from its power.

Surely the time has come when some serious and adequate attempt should be made to preach the Gospel to these multitudes and the missionaries are practically unanimous in the opinion that the time is fully ripe for a campaign of aggressive evangelism on a large scale. Some such movement is the only solution of the problem of evangelizing the unreached millions of the American continent.

As a result of the survey trip above referred to we have been led to organize the Latin A.merican Evangelization Campaign, which, as its name indicates, undertakes to carry out such campaigns of evangelism throughout Latin America.

MBTHODS

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBERG BUILDING, PHILADELPHlA., PA.

MISSIONS IN THE COUNTRY CHURCHES A statement issued by Roger Babson, wizard of statistics, brings the information that a study of two hundred of the greatest business con- cerns of America reveals the fact that 300/0 of them were made successful by sons of ministers. A large majority of the thirty per cent were sons of poor country preachers. If a similar study of great missionaries and supporters of mission work were made it would likely reveal the fact that more than 50% of them came from the farm and the little country church.

See the lad lying amongst the braeberries upon the bank of a stream that flowed close by his father's Highland cottage, nestled beneath the shadow of the Grampians. It was there in the open country that Alex- ander Duil', farmer's son, dreamed his dream and saw his golden chariot drawn by horses of fire and heard the voice that bade him "Come up hit.her; I have work for thee to do."

Turn your eyes to a farm in Canada. See a group o:f boys splitting large rocks for the :foundation of a barn. Note the sturdy little :fellow who, after the others are ready to quit, insists that" the big one" yet left be split before they go in, and with enthusiasm leads oil' into the woods to bring in more logs and brush to burn around the great stone for the rock-splitting process. Here in the open country George Leslie Mackay formed the purpose which led him to Formosa, to break the seemingly unbreakable rock of the island's heathenism.

Look down the line and see a little Pennsylvania girl, dressed most properly in her Sunday clothes, walking dOlVn the road from her father's big white house to the little rural church for a Sunday afternoon mis- sionary meeting, which was to be addressed by a returned missionary. TJook again thirty years later to South India and see the Kaiser-a-Hind medal awarded by the British Government to Dr. Anna S. Kugler for distinguished service.

A barefoot country boy has learned his lesson o:f stewardship so well that he takes a penny out of his dime and gives it to missions and then puts another penny in the basket, for his offering. A few years pass and a business man of New York says to his pastor, "Count on me for $250 more this year for the Lord's work. I've had a $2,500 inerease in salary and I'll add a thank-offering above that for some speeial work."

Many chapters of the history of missionary achievement have their beginning on the farm or in the rural church.

THE AUTOMOBILE Al'I'D MISSIONS There are yet missionary leaders who Years seem to be required to lift us pray the Lord to open the doors to out of ruts of thinking and talking. the non-Christian world because their 293

fathers and mothers so prayed, all un- directions for decorations says" arti- conscious of the fact that the doors are ficial palm branches may be made now open. by-" is but one instance of failure So it is that we still talk about the to adapt plans to the terms of one's impossibility of getting together for a own resources.

missionary meeting in a country Do not discard a method of work as church. .As a matter of fact almost impractical until you have studied every farmer has an automobile, or a r,arefully the possibility of adapting it.

horse and buggy. The farmers' wives MISSION STUDY IN THE COUNTRY and the farmers' daughters are learning to drive the automobiles. Fortu- CHURCH nately the farmer doesn't have to have the automobile to plow or harrow. A young college student became The work on the farm doesn't have to greatly interested in Mission Study. stop if his wife or daughter takes the Such a thing as a Mission Study Class car to go to a missionary meeting. had never been thought of in the Along the way automobile-less neigh- country church from which he came. bors may be picked up. An ever-in- For months the pUlpit of that church creasing mileage of good .roads is had been vacant, as it frequently was, helping to make possible larger as- due to ever recurring dissensions and semblages in the rural community. divisions. The student was not an es- We need to readjust our thinking and pecially brilliant man. He was rather to test our .reasons and see whether slow of speech. No whirlwind camthey are merely perennial excuses. paign would have considered him, but he had conviction, determination, per- A field worker who has spent recent sistence and faith. He was convinced months in work among rural churches that the doors of his church should says. "I am convinced that the impos- not remain closed simply because there sibility of getting together for a mi,,- was no pastor,and that at least the sionary meeting in a country church young people might meet together for is an attitude of mind handed down mission study and worship. He defrom one generation to another." termined that he would help to ar- range for such meetings. He met all Let us make new plans with new rlifficulties with persistence and faith. conditions-good roads, automobiles, Each Sundav he went back home from telephones, radio before us. college for the Mission Study at the ADOPT, ADAPT, ADEPT country church. A program of wor- Some one has said that the three ship was planned in connection with words whieh explain the marvelous the study. Soon almost the entire con- growth of Japan's power and influ- gregation was in attendance. The ence, since that nation began to adopt little group that was really doing the western ways of thought, are adopt, study work made plans for presenting adapt, adept. the chapters in different ways to en- Leaders in rural churches may be list the interest of all the people.

similarly adept in adopting and adap- The closin~ day of the study came ting the various methods used success- and with it plans for an all-day moot- fully in city and town churches. ing with "dinner on the grounds."

Sometimes the substitution of a Two missionary leaders were invited candle for an electric light, or the to be present~one to speak in the flowers and ferns of the mountains mornin/! and the other in the after- for those of the hothouse is an advan- noon. It semed that the time had tap:e rather than a disadvantage. come to give an opportunitv :for the ex- The tragedy of making artificial pression of impressions. The mission- palms for pageant decoration in a llr~' gifts of that congregation'had been land.of waving palm trees with a veri- n(,gligible. The chief effort heretofore table wilderness of natural branches had been expended in protestations an around, simply because the printed that the assessment or apportionment

1924J BEST METHODS

for missions was entirely too high. to the other side of the world and others who would be missionaries and Deficits were always to be expected. missionary work.ers at home.

The young student prayed and Another school teacher who had a delightful village home with a lawn planned that the support of a native shaded by great trees invited a group of teen age girls to spend an hour with pastor in Japan might result from this her on her porch or lawn every Sun- day afternoon for eight weeks. The class. In advance of the meeting he invitation was eagerly accepted and under the trees during the summer prepared a calendar chart showing months a group of eight girls studied 365 days. ~~t the morning meeting, " Comrades in Service."

following an inspiring address, a state- ment was made about the need for native pastors. The cost of support for such a pastor' was announced as $1.25 a day. Different individuals as- sumed a day or a week. The student THERE IS SOMETHING IN A NAME who was living most economically to help himself through college pledged A new school teacher moved into a a month's support. Soon the entire rural community. She didn't move in amount was assumed. A new day as a revolutionist. People scarcely dawned for that church. Instead of realized that she was making changes trying "t.o get out of" paying an as- until they were made.

sessment levied tbo'vgetht eindteon"otmheinpartiiovin~ The boys and girls who lived in the effort was" scattered farm houses stretched out lege of assuming a share in the work along the five miles between the coun- in which they were interested. try schoolhouse and the church in the In another community a school little, village, said it was absolutely teacher in a mountain district decided impossible to walk to the church for ~hc would have a Mission Study Class the monthly missionary meeting, but for boys and girls. She had attended everyone was enthusiastic when the a Summer Conference and had become teacher proposea a Saturday hike with very enthusiastic over Mission Study knapsacks and provisions for an out- possibilitie,:;. To keep the enthusiasm door meal along the way. The teach- aglow back in her lonely mountain er with the boys and girls nearest the district was a difficult task. No one schoolhouse started out in the morn- there knew anything of missions or ing and were joined by other eager mission study. The children came boys and girls from t.he various farm from remote ·sections. There seemed honses along the way. By a spring no chance for a snecial assembla!1'e on the outskirts of the villagc they after they had once /rone home. To fried bacon, scrambled eggs and roast- popularize "staving in aft.er school" ed potatoes. At two o'clock they were seem<'d an impossible task. but !'the ac- at the church ready for the missionary complished it. Sbe announced that meeting. A walk would have heen evel'V one who wOllld stay after school tiresome. A hike was a treat. Once could be in the Mission StudY Class. a month when the weather was good and learn Rbout pl10ple who lived on thev were ready for a similar hike the other side or the world. Most of with three Saturdays each month left the boys and girls did not know anv- for other things. '

thing- about the Deople who lived on RECRUITING GROUNDS the other fide oi' the mountain even. The great search today in all im- portant enterprises is the search f01· Thev were soon fascinatf'd with the men. Some- time al<o Charles M. Schwab announced that the onl;v quesother side of the world. Pel'Severin!>'- tion to be considered bv his company in openinlt a new plant was-men. lv the tell.~her kent at her ilifiicult tllsk Sites. be said. are always to be had. Money can always be m'ade available. with faith to believe that Rome dav there would come from her clear-eyed boys and l!ir1.~ of the mountains. men and women who would themselves go

The real question is, ean the men be The church was filled to the doors found to make the plant successfulT with men and women and a few small In both home and foreign mission children. On the front seat at every enterprises also the real question is session there sat a little boy with keen -men. Given the right sort of men brown eyes. He seemed never to tire and they will lay hold of all the re- of the discussions or the addresses.

sources of God and of their fellowmen. When pictures and curios of other The best recruiting ground for mis- lands were displayed he was all eager sionary leadership is the country attention. During the announcements church. We do well to study especially of missionary literature he noted es- recruiting methodB ill the light of con- pecially one book for sale and left the ditions in the country church. ehurch to go to his home near by to PLANNING MISSIONARY ITINERARIES. empty his savings bank to get money to buy that book. The visit of a returned missionary to New York or Chicago or San Fran- Today a careful review of that concisco is not a matter to excite general gregation reveals not a single man or comment or interest. Missionaries woman whose life was known to have of distination have even been known been greatly changed by that meetto speak in these and other great cities ing, but that one boy has given his to almost empty pews. life to Christian service and is now a pastor and missionary leader of in- The coming of a returned mission- fluence. ary to a rurlll communi.ty is an entire- Iv different matter. The fact that A SUBSTITUTE MEETING. Have you ~isits from missionaries are rare adds ever tried a substitute meeting? Inimportance to the occasion. The stead of missionaries from various event is discussed before and after it~ lands, appoint substitutes to represent occurrence. There are seldom any them. Make a team of substitute miHvacant seats. Ther<! are among us sionaries as speakers. Mrs. A. is as~ those who will never forget the day 011 signed to represent some missionary which the first foreign missionary we from Africa, Mrs. B. may be a we;lhad ever seen came to our little rural known doctor of China and so on. church and challenged us to lift np Speakers are expected to study the our eyes and look upon some countr.'~ work most carefully and to be able to that had previously had no place in nre&ent it from the standpoint of the missionaries whom they represent. the world of our interest. Such a team of speakers may go to Do not leave out the country church several churches for a series of meet- ing-s. Attractive announcements and when you plan missionary itineraries. invitations may be made stating the It may not be possible to have mis- universal desire to have certain wellsionaries or secretaries visit each known missionaries present, and the church. Often members from the faet that they will be represented by churches of an entire county may be substitutes, who will present their gathered for an all-day meeting. work. Frequently a grou'!) of churches may join in such a meeting. Sometimes a On the program announce: missionary rally for boys and' girls of :MiRS Blank-substituting for Dr. Ida a rural community may be arranged. Scudder. Often the most lasting as well as the Mr. Blank-substituting for Sam Higgin· most far-reaching influence or a mis- bottom, etc.

sionary visit is with the boys alid girls. COUNTY OR COMMUNITY CON- In a little country church in the TESTS south, twenty years ago, a missionary day was arranged as part of a synod '8 MISSIONARY EXHmITS AT THE COUN- program. No one had thought in TY FAIR. Some counties have fairs terms of the children oj' the com- that are creditable, and worth while.

munity. They may be made more worth while

BEST MEl'HODS

by the presentation of exhibits by to do so, donating a book on each various missionary agencies. Posters, birthday. eharb, and maps, giving interesting facts should be displayed. A large The books, of course, should be map of the world with a small electric chosen or approved by a committee light, or a flag placed to show the sta- in order to make a well balanced lition of each worker from the county brary. or community, who has gone into missionary service, is valuable. Pictures Often there are individuals who will of the work being done, and booths of donate missionary books to the Sun- different lands showing curios and ob- day-school library if some one will jects illustrative of life and customs keep them informed from time to time add greatly to such an exhibit. Poster of the new books that should be addcontests should be announced before- ed. There are almost no country hand in various periodicals and churches that have really worthwhile churches. missionary libraries, yet here lies pos- sibility for influencing lives in a way A Cmmty Missionary Reunion. A that can scarcely be overestimated. number of counties and communities have held successful reunions, most of A pastor of a rich city church said which have been in the form of a sum- rec~ntly, "We are very much limited mer pilmic with addresses in a park, in our outlook. There are only a few picnic ground or an auditorium. children in our entire congregation."

Special features may be: Why not invest in futures-in the boys and girls in some country con- 1. Missionary music led by a good gregation that has no adequate library director. by supplying them with worth-while booksf 2. Presentation of missionaries and addresses. MISsroNARY PERIODICALS. "I should like to give Everyla,nd to a large num- 3. A pageant or a,number of short ber of boys and girls in mountain dis- dramatizations. tricts, " said a woman in a School of II'Iissions. What an opportunity for 4. A missionary story telling or dec- service! A magazine in the name of a lamation contest. There may be spe- child who receives little mail means cial missionary games and stories for every word read eagerly. In thinking groups of children. of the children who will playa large part in the world's future, think not The preliminary contests may be only of those who are in homes of carried on all the year. A story con- we~Ith and power, but of Mr. Bab- test, for instance, may be held in each son's ·statistics on the obscure origin local church with the understanding of men of great affairs. that the winners may enter. for the county or community finals. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD should have a far larger circu- MISSIONARY LITERATURE IN THE lation in rural communities. At a convention attended largely by dele- COUNTRY CHURCH gates from country churches, there was a feeling of "no use trying to If a missionary library is essential take subscriptions to the REVIEW here. in a city with large public libraries Country people will not subscribe." near at hand, it is doubly necessary in However, sample copies were dis- the rural community. Each church played, an announcement made and may have its own books or there may almost thirty subscriptions received. be a community missionary library. If a thorough systematic effort were made to circulate the REVIEW in rural One library was started by each churches, a liberal course in mission- member of a society donating one ary education would result. . book. The books thus obtained were circulated among all the members. A Do NOT OVERLOOK: THE COUNTY Birthday Library may be maintained by each member, or as many as care

PAPER. Almost unrecognized and un- ally disappear; if the people do not used as a missionary possibility has want jazz music, it will be discarded; been the county paper, yet it is doubt- if the people do want magazine seC- ful whether any other periodical has tions they will be added; if the peo- a higher ·average of circulation, in a ple do want grand opera it will community and a more thorough and replace the jazz orchestra-that is, if interested reading. Certainly few the people will say so. editors are 80 easy of access as are the editors of county papers, and few If a sufficient number of consumers columns so open to the people as are say that they would like to have at a the columns of these weekly sheets. certain hour each week a missionary address on a certain subject, the pro- Each denomination should have a ducers are likely to arrange for that publicity representative. These rep- address. resentatives of the evangelical chu,rch- es of the community may form a Is there an almost undreamed-of publicity committee. possibility here ~ In the coming year all the churches of America will be To the bare notices of meetings, studying the various races and China. items of larger meaning may be added. Cannot arrangements be made that a Is a Thank-offering meeting to be an- course of radio lectures be given dur- nounced T Add to it the total amount ing the periods in which the largest of the Thank-offering of the society or number of classes are to be held? An- church last year; tell what the entire nouncement could be made long denomination gave as a Thank-offer- enough in advance so that in the most ing; comment upon the work accom- isolated country home equipped with plished by the Thank:offering-a radio, the lectures could be heard. hospital built in India, a school maintained in China, homes established in Every Hour oftheU many lands. Is there to be a Mission Study Class begun or concluded? Use Somewhere' the opportunity to give publicity to Your Church some of the most interesting facts pre- is sented. The study of each chapter of "The Debt Eternal" as presented 'W'hM:pan~ ,.o..a p,. lO ha~ "'" with special reference to community conditions would furnish interesting ,_ ~ ' $I(I~ mmure-.$600 an items for publication. b.,ur…,.u M:CdoJ to kt'r tbt W~ During the course of a year a num- WOl'k oftN~ ~ ber of missionaries may visit various churches. Invite the editor to dine ~ IMJ.B " – N'I J~4· TMa.C" » Ma,t with them as they come and go, or a ~minlow"'»,~ ~ . have the missionaries call on the editor. If in addition to the information which the editor may glean in an interview the missionary hands him a sheet on which he has written some of the important facts about his mission, world condition:;; and international relationship8, there is yet a larger possibility of better space and more accurate statements.

WHAT DOES RADIO OFFER? .A POST ER OJ' THF; C ONGREGATIONAL C H URCH ES, EXHlJ3ITED AT THE I NDIANAPOLI S CONVE~TION "What the people want" is the deciding factor in what business concerns offer. If the people do not want colored supplements they will eventu-

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY COOPERATION IN STATES AND best method yet devised for securing cooperation in Home Missions. OTHER AREAS The deputation visitors and the From the report of the Committee for 1923, local missionary leaders divided into Lemuel Call Barnes, Chairman. six teams and visited various sections of Northern California, partly by rail In June and July a deputation vis- and partly by automobiles, starting ited Southern Idaho, Northern Cali- June 22 and returning to San Franfornia, Oregon, Western Washington, cisco June 29, where reports and allo- Eastern Washington and Wyoming. cations of responsibility were made. In Idaho arrangements had been made by the President and Secretary of the A conference of one day was held Idaho Home Missions Council, which with the Western Washington Home had been organized a year and a half Missions Council, which was organized earlier by an entirely independent in connection with a visit of a depu- Idaho movement, the Council having tation some years ago, and which has an admirable constitution, officially been active ever since, going so far in endorsed by nearly all the leading de- its early life as to make an allocation nominations in the state. These of respoI,!sibilities throughout most of brethren had. divided the deputation, its area. That feature of its work, along with state administrators of however, had not been closely followed missions, into five teams, and had ar- up, and the brethren assembled deranged for public meetings every eve- cided that there should be are-study ning, in the places visited from June of the field similar to those now being 10th to 19th. A state missionary lead- made in other states. er was chairman of each team, which. acted as a committee, and brought in A study, showing church provisions reports and recommendations. After in 573 places of 1,000 population and careful discussion, allocations of re- less is as follows: N[;MBER 0'- CHURCHES TOTAL With Without Places Population None Five Four Three Two 07l'e Churches Chwrches 70 1,000-500 13 1 1 7 17 31 57 13 239 500-100 143 0 0 2 13 81 96 143 264 100-10 223 0 0 1 0 40 41 223 573 1,000-10 379 1 10 30 152 194 379 sponsibility were made by the Council A ('onference of one day was held throughout Southern Idaho. with leaders of Home Mission work in In Northern California there has the Inland Empire (which includes been a comity committee for some Eastern Washington and Northern years, which grew out of conferences Idaho), and they voted to create an convened by deputations of former organization, lind appointed a com- years. This comity council, on its own mittee to consummate the same. They initiative, has recently reorganized requested that a deputation visit their itself as the Home Missions Council of area later for the purpose of allocat- Northern California, adopting as its jng responsibilities in the expansion foundation, the" Principles" adopted and prosecution of Home Mission by the Home Missions Council of work.

Montana, in 1919, and declaring that An interdenominational Home Mis- the "EVERY – COMMUNrry Service" sion organization, growing out of pre- plan!! adopted in Montana seemed the vious deputation visits, had ceas~d t9 ~9p

function so completely that the breth- have any semblance of competition, ren voted to organize a Home Missions but that 66% of all the places tabu- Council for Oregon and took meas- lated are without religious provision ures to that end, but to leave the ques- of any kind. Precise figures have not tion of a deputation visit, for the been gathered in any other state, but purpose of allocating responsibility, it is the opinion of the deputation, without action at present. after traveling over great portions of The deputation met state leaders in the three states studied at large, that Western Wyoming, July 12, Teams similar .facts exist throughout the were made up for visiting the state, Northwest. We believe that more than which came together again the eve- one half of the neighborhoods which ning of JUly 19, when it was voted to have more or less community life of form a permanent organization. The their own, are without any regular report of a committee on principles of religious ministry, and great numbers organization was adopted, the" Prin- of them without any religious minis- ciples" being substantially those of try whatever.

Montana and Northern California. A We recommend that the national date was fixed for completion of or- Home Mission boards also make a ganization and allocation of respon- study of the situation in respect to sibility. 'fhe National Home Missions rural communities where there is now Council was requested to send a rep- but one evangelical church, with a resentative. at least annually. view to concentrating effort so as to The spirit of cooperation is greatly make that church more efficient.

reinforced, as compared with former Recent study shows that more than years. The leaders of all denomina- 1,300 churches throughout the North- tions at work in these areas are far ern Baptist Convention are in com- more active in a cooperative direction munities where there is no other than formerly. A large factor in the evangelical church. The standard progress is the new spirit of service adopted was that of the United States which is replacing the spirit of de- census, counting as rural everything nominational aggrandizement. under 2,500 population. The Western There are not a few serious in- Washington study took 1,000 popula- stances of overlapping, concerning tion as the standard. A recent Meth- some of which there is hope of early odist Episcopal study takes 10,000 as correction, by conference of those im- the standard. If the facts could be mediately involved. Concerning many gathered on some uniform standard, others, the overlapping is far more they would show the vast field already serious in appearance, when stated in occupied without any competition~ figures, than it is when studied in the We recommend that a campaign be field, because many of the churches inaugurated, calling the attention of enumerated are either of foreign- the churches supporting the mission- speaking groups, who are not yet fully ary enterprise to two things: First.

Americanized, or of sporadic sects, the large number of neglected fields; which do not cooperate in general second, the large number of fields al- movements of the Kingdom of God. ready occupied without competition; The instances of overlooking are so and that endeavor be made by each of much more numerous than those of the denominations, to establish at least overlapping, that the great stress of in each state, one new strong occupa- Home Mission activity must be in tion of a field now occupied by no one, meeting the unmet needs of the peo- and to strengthen greatly, for demon- ple. For example: The remarkable stration purposes, at least one church table prepared by the Western Wash- already existing as the only evangel- ington Home Missions· Council shows ical church in the community. .

that of the small places which have We also urge that the growing sense any church, 78% have only one of local obligation for work be culti- church, leaving but 22% which could vated and that no tendency be en-

WOMAN;S HOME MISStON BtJLLETIN :lO1

couraged to turn to national boards to do it soon, others have adopted the for work which can be done better by essential plans and principles, and the field itself. still another is asking for a similar movement at an early day. In other We have traversed great stretches words, this very delicate and difficult of sparsely settled country, where undertaking-sectarian readjustment there is no hope, in the near future, of -has, in less than a dozen years made establishing churches, in some of them positive, intensely practical, organic even Sunday-schools, but where a vital advance in a solid block of seven Gospel ministry may be provided states in the northwest section of the through colporteurs or other itinerant country, with yet another continguous workers, however designated, and we state farther east asking for it. When recommend that in fields allocated to this situation in the Northwest is denominational responsibility, some coupled with the entirely distinct provision be made for that kind of achievements in a similar direction by house-to-house ministry so as to reach two New England states, and by a every home within the field of respon- number of cities, while others are apsibility, at regular and frequent proaching it, your deputation is conintervals. Your deputation was con- vinced that the endeavor to secure vinced by observation that the Home sYl;ltematic, coordinate, practical coop- Department of the Sunday-school can eration in Home Missions, in place of be used to great advantage in such haphazard and sometimes eompetitive action, is as sure as the riRing of the sections. sun. It is obviously imbedded in the We find seyeral somewhat distinct providential order.

forms of interdenominational state The deputation haa scarcely reached Home Mission organizations and be- New York when overtures were made lieve that any organization desired by by leaders in North Dakota asking the state forces, which does not en- that a similar study-visit be made in deavor to become a court of rulers, that state. We are now informed that but rather a conference·of brethren, all the leading denominations wish it may be made efficient. Our convic- and it is expected the coming summer. tion is, that the spirit of Christ in the state administrators is the supreme THE MIRACLE OF SPRING solvent of all problems. After the dead leaves falling, Deputations have now demonstrated After the winter's snow, the cumulative value of pushing with After the March wind's blowing, patience as well as persistence. Near- Deep irr the sod below, ly twelve years ago a deputation vis- Things that in sleep were dreaming, ited all the far western states, holding Seeds of a life now past joint conferences with state leaders, Stir with a life renewing to face the facts together. Ten years Under the stormy blast. ago substantially the same deputation visited selected states for more extend- God, overhead, is keeping ed conferences and the initiation of Always his watchful care cooperative endeavor. Four years ago And never a springtime faileth one of these states asked for the very Its blossoms of incense ,·are. definite undertaking known as the The bitter within the tree trunks "EVERy-COMMUNITY Service Endeav- Is sweetening under the sun, or. " The movement was then for a And under the lash of the north wind time greatly retarded by the disap- Upward life forces run. pointments connected with the swift plans of the Interchurch World Move- God knows it will soon be summer. ment. Even so, it has come to pass He knows that the winter is gone, that three more of the states, previ- That his smile will melt the snowdrifts ously visited, have now fully inaugu- For the flowers to feast upon, rated the "EVERy-COMMUNITY Serv- And he that is faint and weary And he who is winter-worn ice Endeavor," two others have voted May know that his south wind bloweth The cold from his Easter Morn.

-Alwe Amelia Flagg. EDITED BY MISS SARAH H. POLHEMTJS, NEW YORK A NEW UNION ENTERPRISE she shrank from having her name The Margaret Williamson Hospital given to this work, and it was with is now under a union committee of difficulty her friends persuaded her to four women's Boards-the Women's let it stand. The hospital will al- Missionary Co.uncH of the Methodist ways bear the name of Margaret Wil- Episcopal Church, South, the Amer- liamson, and its work will always be ican Baptist, the Woman's Board of evangelistic and evangelical, for those the Reformed Church in America, and are the terms upon which it is now the Woman's Missionary Society of being contributed to by the Women's America. Missionary Union for the larger work. The Hospital is nearly forty years old and we like to think of her his- In 1883 Dr. Elizabeth Reifsnyder went to China as the first medical mistory in decades. M. That history began, we do not know sionary of the Woman's Union 1S- sionary Society. Dr. Reifsnyder could have made a brilliant success in her just when. The thought and plan profession at home-she gave her life were born in the heart of a noble freely to the cause of Christ among woman, one of the charter members of poor burdened Oriental women and the Woman's Union Missionary So- children, and it became a brilliant succiety, Margaret Woodsworth William- cess in China. Dr. Reifsnyder built son. Mrs. Williamson, whose maiden the hospital and became its superin- name was Margaret Woodsworth, be- tendent. The funds employed for the came an orphan when she was a small building and maintenance were partly child. Her early life was not an easy Mrs. Williamson's first gift, together one, for she lacked money for com- with a bequest in her will for this forts and the education she craved. work, and partly the generous con- Perhaps this is why even from early tributions of Chinese friends whom years her heart was always going out Dr. Reifsnyder interested in the pro- to those who were sad, or needy, or ject. To this g90d doctor's skill and alone. She became a dressmaker and splendid executive ability, her un~ir­ a successful one. Her sweet nature ing work, and, above all, her devotIOn and utter unselfishness endeared her to the Chinese and to the cause of to her customers, who gave her friend- Christ in China, is due, in great meas- ship and love. lUre, the success of the hospital.

It is good to know that after the After ten years the hospital had years of struggle, she married a man grown and outgrown its first bound- who adored her and made her very aries so that new wards were added.

happy. But in the midst of happiness Thousands of women had received and easy circumstances she never lost healing for their bodies within its the habit of self-denial that she might walls; thousands had heard the Gos- have more to give. She gave every- pel of Life through the ministry of where and with a royal hand. One of the Bible women and the missionaries her gifts was the money to found Mills in dispensaries and wards. In the Seminary, now Mills College, the one dispensary in 1894 there was Ii daily institution exclusively for higher edu- average of over ninety-three persons cation of women on the Pacific Coast. who came for treatment, to say noth- In 1882 ]frs. Williamson gave the ing of the well ones who accompanied sum of five thousand dollars as a them, so that the opportunities for nucleus for the building of the hos- giving the Christian message were pital in Shanghai. In her humility great. The tenth year also marked 302 the arrival of Dr. Emily Garner as wards and maternity, and of over Dr. Reifsnyder's a8sociate. 50,000 in the daily dispensary, during The hospital grew steadily during the year. The receipts in China for the second decade of her history in that year were equal to about eight influence and usefulness, in oppor- thousand dollars in gold.

tunities to make Christ known, and to The report just received states that lead women one by one to Him, and throughout the year 1922 the capacity in the development of native financial of the hospital has been taxed. No support. In 1898 the main building one needing treatment has been was destroyed by fire; only two wards, turned away because of lack of funds the operating room and a small to pay the ward price of thirty cents amount of beds and bedding were a day; but many with funds to pay saved. All books, records, drug-room would not enter because of no empty appliances, drugs and surgical sup- private rooms. Seven private rooms plies, all bedding and some new iron will be added to the capacity of the beds went with the building. The hospital when the nurses training dauntless staff began to work as soon school moves into its new dormitory as possible, dividing the Wells Wil- now under construction.

liams Ward, which had been saved, Efficiency has been increased by with temporary board partitions, thus the installation of a telephone system.

making a place for the daily patients. The increase in number of nurses has During the year that immediately fol- provided better care of the patients.

lowed the fire, 341 persons were ad- The clinics now number seven: sur- mitted to the wards and over 26,000 gery, medicine, dentistry, oto-laryn- dispensary patients were treated. The gology, ophthalmology, gynecology, disaster called forth a wealth of sym- and pre-post natal. Twice a week pathy and kindness on every side. there are also special vaccination clin- Scarcely had the building burned be- ics. It has been difficult to care prop- fore a subscription was started by the erly for so many clinics in a few leading daily paper of Shanghai, and rooms. There is great need for a dis- foreigners and Chinese responded pensary building.

generously. Before the close of the A wonderful ambulance, pushed at second ten-year period, Dr. Reifsny- stern, pulled at bow, bumps along the der was writing in her report, "The streets~ violating all speed laws, at the hospital is not large enough to ac- rate of one mile an hour, casually roll- commodate all who apply." The ing a prospective ruptured appendix greatest need was for a separate build- or an imminent prospective mother.

ing for the increasing number of ma- In addition to the need of a motor am- ternity cases. The report for the bulance, the hospital's most glaring twentieth year shows that 45,700 pa- needs are for a building containing tients were treated at the dispensary private rooms for medical and sur- and nearlv 700 in the wards. Fees gical cases, tubercular wards and chil- and contributions received on the field dren's wards, and a dispensary were over four thousand dollars in building. gold. The 'evangelistic work in the dis- It was during the third decade that pensary, wards, private rooms and the long-hoped-for Maternity Build- homes has been carried on faithfully ing was completed. This was a beau- with much prayer and faith by Miss tiful building that was made possible Mary Irvine and the Bible women. A by the bequest of Miss Emily Stevens Chinese Home Missionary Society of Princeton,- New Jersey. At the with its members from among nurses, close of the thirtieth year from the doctors and servants, has permeated time our first dispensary was opened its enthusiasm and devotion through and foundations for the hospital laid, the hospital. The hospital, in addi- the annual report mentioned an at- tion to the ordinary medical services tendance of over 1,000 patients in to the community, has been privileged

to assist in "Better Baby Contests" forth with the message of Jesus Christ, and the coming for one year of Dr. the Great Physician of Souls. l<-'lorence Kraker, Professor of Clinical Obstetrics, Women's Medical Col- We shall need to pray mor8–not lege of Pennsylvania, is making it less, for the work. Prayer will be the greatest need, as it always has been, possible for the hospital to offer short and the greatest of our resources. And courses of special clinical work in ob- as we pray let us thank God for this stetrics to young Chinese women doc- new opportunity, and ask Him to tors. guide us still and lead on to greater things than we can dream. The hospital is about to incorporate and to open a medical school for Chi- PERSONALITIES nese women on the Margaret Williamson Foundation at China New Year By MISS CARRIE M. KERSCHNER time, 1924. One new building for the medical school has just been com- There have been many articles, even pleted and another is about to be books, written on Personality-whetherected-the latter is given by the er it is born in us or whether it may Methodist Episcopal Church, South, be acquired. You have sometimes aB a part of the Belle H. Bennett shaken hands with a person and have Memorial. had to look long and hard into his eyes to see if there was anyone there. The new Board in America has as Then again you have shaken hands its fir&t Chairman, Mrs. Henry W. with others and have had to look Peabody. Other women's boards hav- pretty hard to see if you were there. ing mission work in China hope to Emerson says "Every institution is unite in the project. the lengthened shadow of a man." From another source we quote "Per- From this time we hope to make the sonality is the distillation of our daily Margare.t Williamson Hospital a cen- needs. It is the silt on our souls left ter for training Christian nurses, who by the passing over it of millions of shall go out not simply as vocational workers, but as evangelists of the thoughts and acts. It is the flavor of Good News of Christ. Working closely with the American Section will be our lives." Dr. Frank Crane says a China Section of the Board of Di- "We enter into this world as separate rectors, resident in Shanghai, com- personalities; hard and irreducible posed of the executive members of the personalities; our life's problem is to staff of the Training School, and combine with others." strong evangelical Christian women of the community, both Chinese and A mother wonders why her child is foreign. The Margaret Williamson petulant or selfish. She insists she has always warned her against being Hospital will still be a hospital; it so and has taught her more altruistic will still minister to thousands of standards of action. The trouble is Chinese women and children, offering that the mother's life has taught anas always, :vith physical help and heal- other lesson. She herself has been ing, the ministry of the Gospel, but it petulant and selfish. That was the will also be a school. It hopes to train flavor of her life; and her child has many evangelistic workers, some as been thus flavored. Christian trained nurses, others to become specialists in obstetrical work, To give things to people may leave such workers being one of the great them much as they were before; but needs of China; others to go out as to have personality to bestow-raditeachers of hygiene in public and ant-triumphant-contagious – that private schools, thus helping in the not only changes circumstances, it great problem of public health, others changes men. Said a girl to a woman still to help in the problem of eradi- one day, "May I sit down aside of cating tuberculosis, a greater scourge you 1 You give me such a nice feel- ing. " in China than in America-all to go It is said of Francis Xavier that "Sometimes when the brothers were

1924J WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

sad, the way they took to become hap- launched a new force where we may py was to go and look at him." hope to interest a greater number of women. And in our mIssionary ad- Christ said "Come ye after me and dresses; in tl1e presentation of vital I will make you." It seems to me facts, and statistics to our audiences; that we have been dwelling too long in our efforts to increase the circulaon the latter part of the verse which is tion of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF "fishers of men." The important fact THE WORLD and our own denominais that Jesus was the one who was to tional magazines; in our Summer take the disciples and do the making. Schools of Missions, all of which are So He will make everyone into some- mediums through which more interest thing useful if we give Him a chance. may be aroused, our Christ-fired per- "When God would move men, He first sonality will win. It is not an easy moves one man" and so in our mis- task set before us. Victorious personsionary leaders we have the "moved" ality is not the fruit of cloistered men and women upon whom falls the piety. It can be achieved only on the responsibility to "move" others. field of battle after hours of prayer and preparation. As a result of one How to develop more power among such truly Christ-fired personality we women and how to interest a greater have recorded the baptism by the number~ We have heard much since Spirit of thousands at Pentecost. The we came here on right relationships history of every great Christian with the nations of the world. Where achievement is one of answered do we stand on right relations prayer; and the story of the Chriswith the peopl~ who may appear com- tian religion and the spread of the monplace right around us ~ Do we go Kingdom through the missionary enabout "seeking" as our Master did? terprise is the story of personality in- The Master's specialty was folk in fluenced by personality; rebirth conwhom nobody else could see much stantly the product of the reborn. good. Simon Peter, the woman at the ,'Come ye after me and I will make well, the woman taken in adultery you." have become unforgetable characters since Jesus met them. Only by His Do You Know EVERYLAND! insight, His appreciation, His patience, His undiscourageable faith in A Most Interesting Magazine of human possibilities did He transform World Friendship for Boys and Girls them. And so our women by the transforming Spirit of Christ will pnbli~hed by the themselves receive power and pass it Central Committee on· the United Study of on to others. Foreign Missions. Alice Freeman Palmer was once re- Editor–MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY proved because she did not do more Associate Editor-MISS LUCILE GULLIVER lecturing; to which out of her passion for personal service, she replied: "It Department Editors is people that count. You want to MISS MARGARET T. ApPLEGARTH put yourself into people; they touch other people; these, others still, and MRS. HOSMER BILLINGS so you go on working forever." MRS. E. C. CRoNK Our source of power is Christ; He is the well that never runs dry. The Publication Offl.ce: (West Medford), Boston, One who supplies the power after His Mass. spirit has come upon us to become witnesses unto Him. Editorial Office: 300 Ford Building, Boston, Mass. If it be true that we have not been able to interest mllny women because Good Things in EVERYLAND for April we are presenting our missionary enterprise in terms of 50 years ago, we The Guardian of the Chulpa. Willis K. .Tones see in the Vassar Institute about to be Garments in the Way……………… ..

5 · ………… Margaret T. Applegarth Alice iII Search of Wonderland ………. .

· ………….. Minna McEuen Meyer 'I'he Little Brothers of Spina ………… .

· ………………. Ruth Mason Rice Gloria and the Wicked Frog …………. .

· …………………. Estel Critchie l'lveryland Exchange …. Katharine 8. Cronk Grandmother '8 Story Page ………. _… .

· ………………. Lucy W. Peabody

fROM MANY

INDIA busy streets. There are over 50 dif- Gandhi Freed from Prison ferent Protestant denominations and I T is not clear, the Continent thinks, missionary institutions at work in the that the release from prison of the city. non-cooperationist nationalist leader of India, Mohandas Gandhi, marks Training Indian Leader.

M the beginning of a new policy on the ISSIONARIES of all denomina- tions realize that the training of part of the English Government toward India. The immediate cause Christian teachers and leaders is one of his release was his ill health, based of the pressing duties which face the on advice of physicians who said it Church in India. Each year some would take him six months to regain 6,000 adult converts and about 10,000 his health' under most favorable COll- children of Christian parents are be- ditions. Gandhi has been a very ing baptized in the missions of the tractable and quiet prisoner, and has Church Missionary Society in India endeared himself to many by under- alone, making now a total of 270,000.

taking menial tasks in the prison. It Many of them cannot read or write, is said that he has spent much of his and unless the Christian Church leisure time reading the Bible. makes a big effort they will remain ignorant and the children will grow Christianity and the Masses lip untaught. The one way out is the SEEING the work of Christian mis- raising up of a big company of Chris- sionaries among the 60,000,000 tian Tndian teachers. Boarding outcastes of India, one of the Nation- . schools are being established where alist leaders declared: "After all, pi<>ked boys and girls can be sent for when it comes to practice, Christianity more intensive teaching than is posalone is effecting what we nationalists sible in a village school; from these are crying out for-namely, the eleva- "vocational" schools some of the pupils will pass on to a teachers' traintion of the masses." ' ing school, and after a time of prac· Calcutta-That Great City tical experience as a teacher (perhaps as the only teacher in full charge of a I N Calcutta, there live 1,327,547 village school) they will come back souls, of whom 854,582 cannot read for still further training. It is a or write. In all the creeds are 43,- colossal task! The congregations in 680 Christians, including, approxi- India are mostly poor and it is beyond mately 25,000 Europeans. In 1921 the power of Indian outcastes to pay 386 infants died out of every 1,000, for Christian education; that for the while for the citv 39.3 was the death present must be undertaken by misrate with onlv a·17.1 birth rate. Cal- sionary societies.

cutta uses 5i" varieties" of tongues, and more! THE Calcutta is India's Greatest Port; A New Leper Settlement India's Great Banking Center; India's United Free Church of Scot- Great Industrial Center; and (omit- land has authorized its Madras ting Burma) India'8 Oil DiBtributing Mission Council to comply with the Center; the home of the beautiful urgent request of the Government of Jain Temple, the famous Kali Ghat, the Madras Presidency, and under- and many other great places of inter- take the management of the new est. Cows and goats run loose in the institution at Tirumani near Chingle- 3015 put for the care of Indian lepers. The might work be turned over to the in- Mission to Lepers has agreed to pro- digenous Church, and to what extent vide the salary of the Missionary might work be reduced or eliminated T Superintendent, and the cost of the "There were some tense moments," rest of the settlement will be borne by writes Miss Marion A. Beebe of Henthe Government, including the sal- zada, "when reduction of work dear aries of a medical missionary, a ma- to the hearts of SQme was considered, tron, and probably one or more nurses. but that there would be an increasing There are 400 leper patients now in support of the work by the indigenous a leper asylum in Madra:; who will be churches was felt by all. When they transferred to the new settlement as were first asked to undertake the sup- SQon as it is opened, and it is intended port, of the 11yingyan field, they felt to provide eventually for 3,000 lepers. that it was too great a burden, but The leading government officials have upon hearing that the Mission had repeatedly expressed their conviction voted to close the educational work that the new institution must be there, a committee asked the conferunder missionary control if it is to ence to defer action till they might achieve the best results. Government, make some arrangements for carrying they have said, can finance such un- it on." dertakings, but they cannot give to them that tone and spirit which is Indian Mission for Tibet such a no~able feature of mission institutions. THE National Missionary Society of India has responded to the Boy Scouts Help an OuteRste challenge of Tibet, and proposes to follow in the footsteps of men like Ap ATROL of high-caste Indian Sadhu Sundar Singh, who has of late scouts from a mission school of made Tibet his special field of labor the Church Missionary Society found during certain months of the year. a poor woman of the lowest caste on While the Sadhu will not become the roadside dying of influenza. Many identified with the work of the society, people had seen her and passed by he has consented to select two suitwithout helping; it would have been able missionaries whom he will guide against their caste to have done SQ. on tours in Tibet and other Hima- But to the scouts it was a matter of layan states. When not on tour, these humanity, and they at once carried men will make their headquarters in her to the hospital. The hospital re- Sabathu in the Simla hills, where they fused to take her in, but the scouts can continue to work among the hill stuck to their work, and at last got tribes. The new effort starts in April, the police to help them. When asked and, proceeding without the complexto write their names, the patrol leader ity of organization and equipment refused, saying that scouts do not ad- that generally marks the advance of a vertise their deeds. 'Vestern missionary society, will take up the task of introducing Christ in Baptist Proolems in Burma what has been one of the most inac- cessible parts of the world. AT the annual meeting of the Bur- ma Baptist Missionary Confer- CHINA ence held in Rangoon late in 1923, and having as its motto "Christ's American Mission in Tibet Leadership," 130 of the 180 missionaries in the field were present. With THE Christian and Missionary Althe news from home of no increase liance workers on the Kansuin appropriations, and even a request Tibetan border report the occupation to seek readjustments to reduce ex- of Paongan in Tibetan territory, a penditures, the chief problems before place from which workers were driven the conference were, to what extent out a few years ago, but where the attitude of the people is said to have

greatly changed. They continue: "In Disturbed Condition. the Chinese work several properties hav.e been secured for outstations in THE secretary of the China Inland market towns near the different cen- Mission in Shanghai, who is in ters. The school work has been very close touch with their workers all encouraging, especially along the line over the field, wrote in a recent letter: of self-support. The girls' and boys' "I never remember a time when the industrial work is fast gaining a political and military conditions have market, and all they can produce out- seemed so hopeless as they do today. side of school hours has a ready sale. Civil war and prevalent lawlessness The boys' rug-making industry, a new are ruining the country and there venture this year, has been a decided does not appear to be anyone capable success. The grade of work is high of dealing with the situation." The for beginners, and so far they have following is said to be typical of connot had to look for a market outside ditions in a number of plaC!es: of this vicinity. The girls' work on the native linen is meeting an in- We have been through the worst time ever creased demand down country. Both known in W–. The retreating armieB de· girls and boys have shown this past scended upon us, numbering 100,000 men. year an increased interest in the It was terrible to watch them, tired and things of God, and we look forward bedraggled. They just poured in. Every to having many of these trained house, large and small, has been filled, and young people as future evangelists, people have had to turn out every corner teachers, and Bible women." for the soldiers. All the big wayehouses around us have been nlled. Only the houses Literacy Cam.paign in China where foreigners live have not been billeted with soldiers. They have behaved as badly DR. TAO CHIH-HSING, of the as they eould, taking everything from the , National Education Association people.. For nearly twenty miles around the of China, has been conducting in An- people have had all their rlce, Wlleat, cows, king, province of Anhui, a popular pigs and vegetables taken, and their women education campaign, of which the folk outraged. All the pigs have been killed, N ot·tn China Herald writes: "The even the tiny ones. All the big shops have goal of this movement, 100 per cent been turned into stables. The large wood· literacy, while a very long way off, yards have been cleared and what the sol· has been brought into the range of diers do not burn tbey sell to the people. possibility. according to the opinion The strain is terrible and the tales appalling. of not a few of the leaders who have taken part in Dr. Tao's campaign. Destruction in Kwangtung Mass meetings attended by some 3,000 students and others were held in the DR. W. H. DOBSON, superintend- Episcopal Cathedral at which Dr. Tao ent of the American Presbyterian outlined the plan for teaching illiter- hospital at Yeungkong, Kwangtung ates the .1,000 characters. If the Province, after describing the descheme fails it will not be due to its struction of near-by villages, continlack of simplicity for it is based on ues: "This sort of a tale can be rethe "get-one" plan. Every person peated in many parts of this region. who knows characters is supposed to Ruined villages, uncut crops, vacant teach another and this new one an- fields, starving women and children other and so on till everyone can read. running from place to place, chased The final touch to the publicity of by bandits, night and day attacks on this campaign was given on Sunday other villages, traffic and business at when the students of 72 schools pa- a standstill-is it any wonder that one raded miles of streets carrying ap- sickens and tires of these tales when propriately inscribed banners urging we are so helpless to do for these peoupon every. one his duty to help pro- ple in the absence of a stable governmote the cause of popular education. " ment T It seems that soldiers from Canton had been promised to protect this region, and were daily expected when the U. S. S. AS'neville hove in sight. All sorts of rumors were start- ed when it was known that American

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

soldiers had arrived. The brigands Presbyterian mi:,;sion in Peking, often retreated to a safe distance, and the calls at the home and tells about the villager:,;, taking heart, defended problems she meets with in her evanthemselves and killed a number of the gelistic work. After telling these difbandits. But no Cantonese soldiers ficulties, she is sure the next time she have yet arrived; the schools are not calls to meet with the query, "Is your open; few stores are doing any busi- friend that we prayed for last week ness; and the hospital i:,; full of any better' , ? In one case a newcomer wounded and sick. But our church reviled the home and all its occmservices are crowded. "-The Conti- pants. It seemed impossible to keep nent. her in the place lest she harm the other inmates. But Miss Gowans sug- Borden Memorial Hospital gested that they all pray for her. Standing in the courtyard, her arms DR. and Mrs. George King write about the termagant to prevent her from Lanchowfu, Kansu, of the harming herself or anyone else, Miss growing work in the hospital there Gowans began to pray and all the old which bears the name of William Bor- women joined in. Soon the excited den: "Never before have there been newcomer grew quieter, and her comso many opportunities here. The old panions say her temper is much imsuperstitions are being broken down proved ever since. to some extent. This past spring has seen every ward and room in the JAPAN-CHOSEN women's hospital occupied, and as many as thirty-five women and chil- Honors for Christians dren in at one time. The men's hospital, too, has been filled. Our little THE influence of Christianity upon rudimentary Leper Home has had six the national life of Japan was lepers at one time in it. There is now recognized as on a parity with that of a class of fourteen medical students, Shintoism and Buddhism in a series of or 'appreutices, ' all but three of whom religious conferences held in Tokyo are Kansu boys. We hope that they (Feb. 20th and 21st). The Associated in their turn will carry the Light far Press rep.9rts: Premier Kiyoura, in afield. They all have the opportunity, an effort to raise popular morale from and, we hope, the ambition to become the depression into which the earthhealers of bodies and souls." quake of last September plunged it, summoned the chiefs of the principal Peking Old Ladies' Home Buddhist temples, Shinto shrines and Christian churches. The Buddhist PEKING has an "old ladies' home," session was held one morning; the maintained entirely by Chinese Shinto session the same afternoon and women who have patterned it after a the Christian one the next morning. home for friendless old women started many years ago by foreign ladies in A similar conference was held in the city. Although the directors are all ]912 by Mr. Tokonami, th1m Japanese heathen, they realized, says The Con- Vice Minister of Home Affairs. The tinent, that their home could not be a Premier, in addresses directed to the success without a Christian woman three meetings, emphasized the spiritat its head, so chose for their matron a ual havoc wrought by the earthquake, member of the native Presbyterian recalling that the Emperor found it Church. The result has been really necessary last November to issue a remarkable, for in the three years this rescript warning his people not to woman has been in care of the place deviate from their patriotism and nearly sixty per cent of her charges their faith in Japan's future. "Dehave become Christians. spite this," continued the Premier, "regrettable tendencies persist, in- These new Christians believe in cluding mockery of the religion and prayer. Miss A. H. Gowans, of the faith of our fathers."

Tokyo's "Barrack Villages" mensely increased. The Y. M. C. A. in the United States has been looking REV. WILLIS C. LAMOTT writes after them to some extent, but much from 'fokyo of giving $10,000, more may be done by this and sister sent by Presbyterian churcheg in movements, because these travellers California, toward building barracks are important and open-minded men to house the ruined churches. and women. In this direction the , , These, " he says, "will be more or Tokyo City Young Men's Christian less permanent buildings, and will be Association started an interesting and of immediate help in carrying the successful experiment by sending Gospel to thousands in the 'barrack through America last year a vacation villages' of Tokyo. They will also students' party, which consisted in serve to house the stricken pastors, as the main of graduates or senior stuwell as aid greatly in preserving the dents. ('ontinnity of the work of the various churches. 'fhe term 'baraku' is now A Buddhist on the Bible in general use, referring to the sheds erected in the great parks of the city, ABUDDHIST scholar, son of a where thousands of refugees are now Buddhist priest, and reared in living, offering a wonderful oppor- the strictest tenets of his faith, relates tunity for evangelistic work. The his experiences when coming in con- Y. M. C. A. of Meiji Gakuin is help- tact with Christianity, saying: "By ing Mr. Kagawa in his work down in degrees as I went on reading the Honjo, and I am doing what I can Bible, I understood that the teaching with my stereopticon in interesting of Christ is so far above those of other some of the refugee children for the religions that they cannot be comfirst time in the Life of Christ. A pared to it. Christianity includes very valuable work has been carried everything good to be found in Shin on in the devastated section at Ryo- Shu, Nichiren Shu, and Zen Shu goku. Three tentl> were erected, one (Buddhist sects), and is higher than for refreshments, one housing a dis- all. I am not making light of Budpensary, and one for evangelistic dhism; but I believe that its purpose work, the tents all having been fur- is realized best in Christianity. After nished by the famous Mitsui family. the sun has risen, it is not necessary Evangelistic services were conducted to go on burning electric lights." all day, the various churches took turns in serving the refreshments in Non-Christian Men in School the tea-tent, and the dispensary had a record of handling over 700 differ- L AMBUTH Institute was opened ent cases in twenty-five days. The early in 1921 in W onsan, Korea, work is an example of the attitude by the M. E. Church, South, for busithe Japanese Christians are taking ness men who want to study English. toward the. present evangelistic op- Mr. T.•J. Carter, the present director, portunity. " says: "Onr new term began January 7th, and the first night we had more Japanese Who Travel than fifty young Korean men and boys, all anxious to learn English. DURING the last annual confer- One must know something of the class ence of employed officers of the of men to appreciate our opportunity Japanese Y. M. C. A. a committee was to carry the gospel message. Among appointed to see what could be done those who are enrolled there is a judge to set up an International Hospitality of a local court, and a clerk of the Service, in cooperation with the same court. A police sergeant, the Young Men '8 Christian Association highest office that a Korean can hold in other lands. Of late the number among the police officials, is studying of Japanese students, officials, and in the first grade. The head of a business men who go abroad has im- Korean hospital is studying in our

192+] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

second class. These are non-Chris- Church. A self-supporting physician tians, and for a half an hour four and his wife live in the missionary nights each week, they have an oppor- compound. Among the results ar& tunity to hear the Gospel preached. 494 baptized Chinese, 9 church build- I don't know of any other way in ings, 10 chapels, 25 prayer-meeting which these leading men in public life plaees, 15 Chinese evangelists, and 3 could be induced to come to where Bible women. The evangelistic zeal the gospel message is given. They cer- of Korean Christians among their own tainly will not attend church." people is one of their best-known traits. The Korean became a mission- Beggar Boys in Seoul ary when he became a Christian. " Are you a Christian 1" is often asked early THE Salvation Army is carrying on in acquaintance making. Thus at in Seoul, Korea, an industrial home for beggar boys which meets a once the living Word is passed along. real need. Lieut.-Commissioner G. In the spread of the Message of Life Stevens writes of it: "At the end of in the peninsula this has been one of the year 1918 there was a great out- the most far-reaching factors. In adcry in Seoul over the large number of dition to this, at opportune times the boys who were begging on the streets. Christian has entered with tremen- The boys themselves had for the most dous zeal into special campaigns for part long disheveled hair, were the unreached population about him, clothed in rags, were filthy in the ex- pledging his time freely, to go out treme and a' source of annoyance to unencumbered by business to preach every well-to-do passerby, whom they the way of eternal life.

pestered for money or food. Eventu- ally one boy was found frozen to death ISLANDS OF THE SEA outside the shop of a well-known Depopulation ot New Hebrides business man, who appealed to the Salv:;ttion Army to do something as a THOUGH the official report on the temporary measure to tide them over . New Hebrides for 1921-22 mainthe cold weather and gave a generous tained that the process of native dedonation towards the cost. The Gov- population in the Polynesian and ernment later became interested, con- Melanesian Islands is not so rapid as tributing money for the support of some contend, the Anti-Slavery Rethe boys, and land for the present porte,' and Aborigines' Friend quotes buildings. The Home, since its incep- authoritiel'l who state that the present tion, has received seventy-three boys. labor-recruiting system, although it is Nine have died, largely through lack controlled by GoYernment, is essenof nourishment in early life, five have tially wrong, and that work on the run away, eleven have found friends plantations, under conditions unnatand gone to them, one has found work ural to the natives, fails to supply the outside, forty-seven remain with us necessary interest in life, the lack of today. " which they agreed in regarding as the main cause of the dying out of Korean Missionary Spirit the race. "There is no mention in the , Report of one serious cause of depopu- I N Shantung, China is the "pet" lation-namely, the traffic in liquor, work of the Korean Church. Be- which is a notorious evil. Answering ing not for Koreans but for Chinesf', a question in the House of Commons it is actual foreign missionary activ- three years ago, on the depopulation ity. When the Korean General As- of the Group, Colonel Amery men- sembly was organized in 1912, it went tioned as its chief cause the inabilitv on record as a missionary body in of the native to resist European epi- opening work in China. Four or- demic diseases, and asserted that the dained men and their families are Administration took active measures wholly supported by the Korean to protect the natives from disease

and drink. Unfortunately, all our Shinto shrine, and before I got away evidence is to the effect that though from Hawaii I realized that this the liquor traffic is prohibited by law, American Territory is again being the regulations against it are not ef- repaganized. Hawaii's population confective, and that 'active measures' are sists of a conglomeration of nationalicertainly not taken to enforce them. ties, some nine or ten of these nation- As for protection from disease, this alities being represented in numbers Report admits that the Condominium by no means small, there being five Administration possesses no medical times as many Japanese as any other service, and there are no government race. Idols are being imported. Temhospitals. " ples are being erected in every nook and corner of the Territory,. and The Philippines 1899-1924 pagan rites are being held. Tradi- tional Sunday observances are giving A FTER twenty-five years of work way to noisy restivals and wrestling in the Philippines, the various tournaments at the temples and the denominations are all reporting prog- shrines." ress. Rev. W. J. Smith, Presbyterian missionary at Dumaguete, on the is- NORTH AMERICA land of Negros, writes of a recent suc- Congress and the Churches cessful revival campaign. The Protestant Episcopal Church is ralling for T HE religious affiliations of the five new clergymen, two of them for present members or the United work among the 80,000 Chinese in the States Congress are shown in the folislands, who have been left to this de- lowing table, for which the Board of nomination as its particular field. The Temperance, Prohibition and Public Methodists have had an extensive Morals of the Methodist Episcopal quarter-centennial celebration. They Church is responsible: report a church membershp of 59,835, with 28,420 enrolled in the Sunday- Denomination Senate HOUile schools. There are 225 churches imd chapels, and 67 parsonages, besides 12 Methodists …………….. 23 96 missionary residences. Bishop Locke's latest report says that there was an Episcopalian . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18 56 average of 16 baptisms every day of 1923, and that the last quadrennium Presbyterian . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14 59 shows an increase of 25 per cent in membership. There are hospitals and Ba]1tist …………….•… 3 45 training schools established firmly by generous gifts from America and Roman Catholic …………. 7 38 housed in substantial buildings. In the past four years the native churches Congregationalist ……….. 5 26 have raised for all purposes about $218,000. Competent observers proph- Christian (Disciple) ……… 1 16 esy a union very soon of the Presbyterian, Congregational and United Lutheran ………………. 2 12 Brethren forces. Jewish ………………… 0 9 Unitarian ……………… 1 4 Dutch Reformed ………… 0 3 Quaker…………. …….. 0 3 United Brethren ………… 0 1 Mormon……………….. 2 1 Mennonite ……………… 0 1 Christian Science ………… 0 1 EvangelicaJ …………….. 0 1 Universalist ……………. 0 1 Vacancy……………….. 0 1 No religious affiliation ……. 17 41 Religious affiliation not ascer- tained ……………….. 3 20 Paganized Hawaii Totals ……. . . . . . . . . .. 96 435 DR. W. E. BIEDERWOLF is Law EnforcelUent Convention quoted in the Record of Christiam Work as having been impressed "ENFORCE THE LAW" is the by the large place which worldliness message that will go forth to the holds in Hawaiian life and custom. He continues: "Then we saw another country from the convention of promthing, and felt a shudder as we beheld inent women '8 organizations to be it. I saw the Japanese building a held in Washington, D. C., on the 10th and 11th of April. Mrs. Herbert

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Hoover is chairman and Mrs. Robert the authority of the Commissioner of Lansing is honorary-secretary of this Internal Uevenue and the Secretary convention which is to be held in the of the Treasury; call for deportation Soottish Rites Temple. Speeches are of alien bootleggers and an amendto be made by prominent men and ment to the Volstead law with a view women, and a pageant is to be given to more effective enforcement; deentitled, "America, the Beautiful." nounce men who have taken an oath to support the Constitution of the The Washington committee is a United States yet betray it by conbranch of the Woman's National spiracy with bootleggers; favor treat- Committee for Law Enforcement, ies to facilitate suppression of rum (Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, chairman) smuggling; condemn the practice of the object of which is to "work for prize-fighting in the army and navy; enforcement of all law, with special favor the proper encouragement of stress, at present, on the prohibition public education; favor the abolition law, the front today where the battle of child labor; approve uniform maragainst lawlessness has to be fought." riage and divorce laws; favor the barring from interstate commerce of This committee has issued the book, gambling devices, obscene literature, Save America, which is having a large etc.; call for further reduction of imsale through the affiliated women's migration; oppose commercialized organizations everyone of which, state and local, is asked to send dele- desecration of the Sabbath, and degates to this Law Enforcement Con- nounce lynching. vention.

Home Mission Council Officers In the Cumberland Mountains THE Home Missions Council has J AMES D. BURTON, writing from elected the following offioers for Oakdale, Tenn., of the educatIOnal 1924: President, Charles L. Thomp- bandicaps, in spite of which the boys son, (Presbyterian, U. S. A.); Vice- and girls of the Cumberland Moun- Presidents, John McDowell, (Presby- tain region have accomplished so terian, U. S. A.), Charles L. White, much, says of their limited church (Baptist), S. Leslie Morris, (Presby- privileges: terian in U. S.), Grant K. Lewis, (Disciples of Christ), George L. Cady, The four mountain counties com- (Congregational), Franklin J. Clark, prise over two thousand square miles (Protestant Episcopal); Executive of territory, within the borders of Secretary, Charles E. Vermilya, which are only three places with full- (Methodi::;t Episcopal); Recording time ministers. The practice with Sepretary, Charles E. Schaeffer, (Re- most organized church bodies is to formed in U. S.); Treasurer, Frank have preaching once or twice per F. Moore, (Congregational). Mrs. month, and there are scores of com- John Ferguson is the· new President munities without any regular preachof the Council of Women for Home ing at all. Seventy-five per cent of Missions. the church services are heJd in one- room public schoolhouses of which BYPublie Morals Policies there is about one for every eight adopting twelve resolutions cov- square miles. As a rule the pastor of ering a wide range of subjects a mountain church lives in one comthe Board of Temperance, Prohibition munity, and is in charge of a church and Public Morals of the Methodist in another community several miles Episcopal Church has formulated its distant. They meet and pass in going policies for the coming year. Briefiy and coming from their preaching 8taas summarized by The Continent, the tionfl. As a result there is little pasresolutions call for the removal of the toral care, and no point of contact Government '8 prohibition unit from between the pastor and the young people. Through the Sabbath-School

Extension Department of the Board munity it fails in its duty to rmal of National Missions of the Presby- civilization. While urban population terian Chureh in the U. S. A., many exceeds rural, there are 2,500,000 Cumberland Mountain communities more children in villages and the open are being provided with reasonably country than in cities."

well-equipped Sabbath-schools, which have served to create a wholesome Paciftc Garden Missien A atmosphere. The primary purpose of FTER forty-three years on Van Buren Street, Chicago, in a buildthe schools is service, and the Sundayschool representative travels in season ing previously famous for its vice, the and out of season, through all kinds enormous rents and the change in of weather, in the interest of religious the personnel of the people passing the education. It has proved to be one of door caused the removal of the famous the most economical and effective Pacific Garden Mission to 650 South methods in reaching and helping the State Street, in the heart of the cheap children and young people of this lodging-house district. One of the region. 'rhese schools are real com- converts, who has been a missionary munity centeTs in lieu of other attrac- in Japan for years, says he helped to tions, and many mountain youths rob many a man in this very place, discover themselves, getting larger enticing them from the Polk Street visions of life, and finding their way .Railway Station near by. So another to institutions of higher learning." den of vice and iniquity is converted into a place where the Gospel is being Need of the Rural Church preached.

"rJ"'HE rural population is in need -Record of Christian Work. ~ of evangelism, " according to the Y. W. C. A. Convention Rev. William W. Johnstone, superintendent of the Lakes District of the THE national convention of the American Sunday School Union. "It Young Women's Christian Asso- is estimated," he said, "that only one ciation is to be held in New York City fifth of the rural population attends from April 30th to May 6th. Many church; that two fifths of the rural visitors of importance from other churches are standing still or losing countries are expected. ground; that one third of the rural The present budgets of American ministers must have other occupations Y. W. C. A. work total over $25,000,- than the ministry to secure adequate 000 yearly. Foreign work supported support, in some cases the minister by American Associations' funds is acting as the town barber or doing included in these total figures. paper hanging and painting as a side li'ounded in 1906 from a union of two line; that one fourth of the rural organizations dating back to 1871 and churches have no Sunday-schools. 1886 respectively, the national mem- Many communities in southern Illi- bership has grown from less than. 150,- nois have been entirely without the 000 girls and youn~ women to over Gospel for years. Children have 525,000. Ovpp 2,000 delegates repregruwn to youth without having known sent.i.ng 1,046 Associations are exof a Sunday-school. There are many pected. The National Board, of which rural parishes all over the country Mrs. Robert E. Speer is President, is that have been deserted by the denom- the executive body of the affiliated inations that served them. In a town American Associations.

of 2,000 there may be found a dozen or more churches competing with each A Sunday-school Fleet P other, and all equally neglecting the LANS for the Ninth Convention of the W orId's Sunday School Assogreat opportunity that lies outside in the adjoining open country. When ciation in Glasgow, June 18-26, 1924, the Church fails to evangelize its com- include engaging the entire passenger

NEWS }<'ROM MANY LANDS

spare on three ships for Sunday-school ence indorses the ide-a of providing delegates from North America. These chapels at Army posts wherever posships will sail on June 7, 1924, from sible. It believes that the effect of Montreal, from New York, and from erecting a physical habitation for the Philadelphia. Meetings and social religious idea will stimulate interest functions will be arranged on each in services and other religious work." boat. Blocks of reservations on other steamers have been reserved for those U. P. ·Ho:me Board Reorganized who wish to start earlier than June 7th and take one of the pre-Conven- FOLLOWING the tendency appartion tours either through Europe or ent in certain other denominations, to Palestine and Egypt. the last General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church required Our Army Chaplains that the three boards working in the home field, the Board of Home Mis- THE conference on moral and re- siom;, the Board of Freedmen's Mis- ligious work in the Army, which sions, and the Board of Church was held in Washington in June, em- Extension, should be united into one phasized the importance of this aspect board having twenty-seven members of the national life. In his report to charged with the responsibility of the President the Acting Secretary of pressing forward every department of War said: "The conference was church work in the home land. Rev. called, in keeping with the nation- W. 1. Wishart, D.D., reports the forwide sentiment for a quickened in- mation of special committees on Proterest in the fundamentals of religion, motion and Publicity, Education and to consider plans for a more intensive Contacts with the Workers and Fields, general program of moral training for with a Board secretary heading each, soldiers, to develop community con- and continues: tacts, and to recommend those policies and activities which will strengthen "The members of the enlarged board are the religious program for Regular working together with the heartiest enthusi· Army posts and stations and safe- asm. The secretaries are alert and fruitful guard young men who enter the of practical plans and suggestions. The various training camps. The .confer- difficulties growing out of the merger are euce was unique in that it was pan- disappearing as methods of administration sectarian, as indicated by the list of are worked out. The outlook fOl· mission personnel and the leadership. There work in the United Presbyterian Church was absolute unanimity in all pro- seems particularly good." nouncements and findings." Better Colored Schools Among the recommendations were these: "This confe'rence earnestly I T is gratifying and encouraging to urges that such provision be made in note the interest being taken by the numerical strength of chaplains many Southern State Legislatures in whereby every soldier of the Army, the education and wel:Eare of the Newherever statioI1ed, shall have full gro. Among the latest news of thi~ opportunity to receive the personal nature reported in the Southern counsel, guidance, and services of a Workman, is the announcement that chaplain. .. This conference believes the South Carolina Legislature recentthat the religious influence in the ly voted "$98,000 for the Negro State Army can be deepened and strength- College, $41,000 for the Negro boys' ened and the efforts of chaplains can reformatory, $1,500 for the Negro be made more productive of beneficial fair, and the chance to share in the results if a closer relationship can be high-school appropriation by complyestablished and maintained between ing with certain conditions." South the chaplains and their respective de- Carolina boasts of 14 recognized Nenominational groups… This confer- gro high schools, 15 teachers' training schools, and 35 Rosenwald schools. The Negroes of the State have sup-

LIB MISSIONll .~ , ~'" oN OF THE WORLD

plemented its appropriations by near- byterian church was about to be dedicated. Eighteen months hefore there was but one ly $30,000. "J" Protestant in that thickly-settled district, a woman. Her hushand, a progressive Lynchings in 1923 farmer, deeided to unite with the Protestauts and joined the Presbyterian church in old PRINClPAL R. R. MOTON of the Las Vegas, of which Rev. Charles Cordova 'I'uskegee Normal and Industrial is the devoted and effective pastor. Fifty Institute- reports as follows on the other Spanish-Americans, all adnlts, foiyear's crime and disaster as compiled lowed him in a little over a year, in most by Monroe N. Work of the Depart- cases in the face of persecution. The ment of Records of the Institute: "I Church Erection Board gave these fifty·two find that there were twenty-eight per- memhers $3,000 toward a church, and the sons lynched in 1923-in Arkansas, 2; members themselves contributed their serv- Florida, 8; Georgia, 4; Louisiana, 1; ices as brickma1cers and carpenters, and Mississippi, 8; Missouri, 1; Okla- when I visited the building on May 11, all homa, 1; 'fexas, 2; Virginia, 1. This tllat was needed was a covering of plaster is twenty-nine less than the number to complete the edifice. ". J n Albuquerque fifty-seven for the year 1922. Thirteen he visited the Menaul school for Spanish· of the persons lynched were taken American boys, and in Santa Fe the cor· from the llands of the law, seven from responding school (the Allison-James) for jails and six from offi;}ers of the law girls. If these two schools had adequate outside of jails. Of the twenty-eight facilities they could receive from 400 to 450 persons lynchoo in 1923, twenty-six pupils a year, instead of the 300 they now were negroes and two were whites; have scant rooni for_ For the Spanishtwo of the former were women. We American young people are seeking admisalso found that there were forty-six sion to the Protestant schools, despite hitter instances in which officers of the law opposition from the Roman Catholic archprevented lynchings. Four women, bishop. three white and one colored, were among those thus saved. Six of these The Go'Vernment and the Indian preventions of lynchings were in Northern States and forty in Southern H ON. HUBERT WORK, Secretary States. In thirty-seven of the cases of the Interior, has recently inthe urisoners were removed or the vited one hundred men and women of guards augmented or other precau- national vision, including publicists, tions taken. In the nine- other in- educators, governors of states, churchstances, armed force was used to repel men, and outstanding citizen Indians the would-be lynchers. In eight in- to advise him in reference to the methstances during the year persons ods of changed policy on the part of charged with being connected with the Government in its treatinent of lynching mobs were brought to trial. Indians. 'fhe Secretary recognizes Of the fifty-two persons thus before the importance of determining on such the courts only two were sent to the plans for the Indian's welfare as shall penitentiary. " insure his own participation in those plans and ultimately lead to an edu- Opportunity in New Mexico cated, self-sustaining Indian citizenry. Some of the Indians of today have A MISSOURI pastor was greatly individual wealth (the value of all impressed, on a vacation trip Indian property is estimated at $1,- through New Mexico, by the work be- 000,000,000); 227,000 out of 340,917 ing aone by Presbyterian home mis- have allotments of land totaling 38,- sion agencies in that field, and the 000,000 acres; and two thirds of the great opportunity for additional Indians are citizens. There are 400 work. He is quoted in The Continent Protestant and 200 Catholic missionas fonows: aries at work among the various tribes and groups with respective adherents "Twenty·eight miles north of Las Vegas of approximately 100,000 and 59,000. I visited Ceholla Valley, where- a new Pres- Secretaries of Home Mission Boards doing work for Indians as also the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. are in- cluded in the group of advisers selected by the Secretary of the In- for that great neglected field. He terior. repo~~s that ninety per cent or more of the missionaries are ministering to Chinese Children Rescued not more than forty per cent of the population, and less than ten per cent ROM thl) Tooker Memorial Home to the vastly larger Indian popula- for Chinese children, conducted by tion. There are hidden away in the the Presbyterian Board of National valleys and mountains tribes of fifty Missions in Oakland, Calif., Miss thousand to half a million to whom Emma Mills writes of two little chil- the Gospel. of Christ has never gone, dren, to keep whom at the Home and and who WIll never hear it unless misthus rescue them from lives of slavery sionaries carry it to them. Miss Cameron in San Francisco has been working day and night: "They Independent missionaries are doing remember well the day their own fam- some mission work for these Indians ilies sold them from the same village on a small scale. There have been to a strange man who appeared and some few attempts on the part of a asked to buy some little girls. Ah few of the larger boards, such as the Ting's people sold her for $170. She Presbyterian in Mexico and Central was then ten years old and could sing America, the Anglican in Southern very nicely. This stranger then Chile, thc Canadian Baptist in Bobought Ah 'l'ye for $90. Before leav- livia, and a few others, but there has ing China the children were kid- been no consistent and determined efnapped from 'their owner. They were fort by the greater and more responfound and redeemed by the man, who sible agencies looking toward the claimed to be their father. After the evangelization of the Indians of Latin long journey across the Pacific, land- America. ing in Seattle they went on to San Francisco. They were put on the Chi- A commission has been formed to nese stage and every night for several weeks these two children have been study the whole matter throughout acting from nine until one and two in the morning. They found their Latin A!nerica, to bring pressure upon way to our day school in our Chinese Church in San Francisco. There they the Boards of the United States and learned of the Home. Miss Higgins went down to the theater and saw Canada and to minister more adethem the night before they came to us. 'l'heir stories are filled with hard- quately to this neglected group. When ship and sadness, they are very dear children and are so afraid they will the great I,atin American Conference have to go back to their owner that every time I say we are going to San meets in Montevideo inregAaprrdiil~g19t2h5~ Francisco they cry. All of Chinatown more complete facts is up in arms, and moving every possible point to get the children back." Indians will have been gathered so LATIN AMERICA that the conference may formulate .MR. Neglected Indians some adequate plan to reach them L. T. LEGTERS, who has re- cently returned from a long with the Gospel. journey through Central America and Mexico, under the auspices of the THE A Century in Jamaica Pioneer Mission Agency, made a care- United Free Church of Scotful survey of the Indian situatioIi and land is celebrating this year the has come back tremendously burdened centenary of its work in the island of Jamaica. Rev. George Blyth was sent out in ]824 in response to a re- quest by some planters for a mission- ary to instruct their slaves. This was the beginning of the work that now at its centenary, cannot be considered R. a mission, but a fully organized church. Rev. C. Young writes: "When we consider that some still live who were born in slavery we need not think poorly of a century's work. Por manv years Jamaica has manned calculations put the probable number her own"' ~chools, and the island is of visitors to the Exhibition at a dotted over with school buildings, minimum of 25,000,000. British where useful and efficient work is Christians have recognized the oppordone by Jamaican teachers. We have tunities for an evangelistic campaign a native ministry that outnumbers which such an occasion offers. The those sent from home. They are _the whole project received most _careful sons of our Church. Three of them consideration, and a United Commithave seen foreign service in Africa, tee has been formed, representing the and all are respected by the com- Church of England, the Evangelistic munity." Committee of the London Diocesan Conference, the Evangelical Free Head Hunters in Ecuador Churches, the Metropolitan Free Church Federation, the Church Army, FROM the highlands of Ecuador Salvation Army, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. to the east one descends into the C. A., National Young Life Campaign, heavily forested Amazon valley where World's Evangelical Alliance, and he finds himself in the land of the other organizations and interests. Headquarters are to be in an attrac- Jibaros, formerly it very numerous tive bungalow on the Exhibition grounds, near the British Governand warlike tribe who exterminated ment Building. the Spaniards who had established prosperous cities in that region. These c. M. S. Magazine Jubilee people are devil worshipers. If God is good, they reason, they have noth- THE monthly magazine published ing to fear from Him. The devil, how- by the Church Missionary Society, ever, is malignant; therefore he must the Church Missionary Review, was be propitiated by worship and sacri- started in January, 1874, by Dr. fice. The witch doctor is their chief Eugene Stock, who writes in the Deresource in time of sickness and need. cember, 1923, issue: "Looking back War is the normal state of the Jibaro over the fifty years ….. the C. M. S. Indian, first for the purpose of get- staff alone has multiplied nearly fourting wives from neighboring or enemy fold, and its income is about three tribes, second for revenge of injuries times as large as in 1874. Africa, then inflicted upon relatives during these siscanrocwelyopkennowfrnombeeynodndtotheendc.oasJta-lpinae~ wars, then for enemy heads that are had just (lpened its long-locked doors, supposed to bring good luck to the and now has its own organized possessors because of the sacrifice of Church. In India and China the the victim to the devil. During the progress is astonishing. It would take last two centuries the Jibaros have many columns to compare adequately greatly decreased in numbers. Their 1873 with 1923. Any careful student attitude toward thc whites has become will find that the revival and the exmore friendly and they respond read- pansion began at that time." ily to kindly approach.-W. F. JOR- DAN in The Christian Herald. Gospels for Belgian Homes EUROPE THE "Gospel Hunger" in Belgium, described in the REVIEW a year Evangelism at Exhibition ago, has been steadily increasing. THE British Empire Exhibition, to be held at Wembley Park, near Ralph C. Norton, Director of the Bel- London from April to October, 1924, will reproduce in miniature the en- gian Gospel Mission, writes: "We tire resources of the British Empire, and one of its primary purposes is have distributed during this year "to make the different races of the British Empire better known to each something like half a milliOn copies other." The most conservative expert of Scriptures and arreeligGioousspellist,erTaetsutrae~ 90,000 of which

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ments and Bibles. The sowing of this ter of finance refuses to allow seed, we are convinced, is one of the reasons for this great awakening, and subscriptions from church members in the absence of other agencies such as preaching, etc., which are the ac- for the support of their ministers. customed methods for evangelizing in other lands, is the sole basis for the Any church with less than 300 membeginning of a revival. As a marked illustration of the effectiveness of this bers is forbidden to call a pastor, and method, we have one colporteur who has, in the last four years, put 65,000 this makes small churches and mis- Gospels in homes, and during the same time, sold 12,000 New Testa- sions impossible. The state holds that ments, thus covering 131 towns, cities, and villages, and reaching a territory the majority in any community is encomprising 392,000 people. He seeks to get into every home." titled to the property of any denomi- European "Youth Movements" nation, and that the minister of affairs ALMOST every European country has the right to decide such owner- has a body of youth which to a large extent is aroused to its social ship and can assign the property ac· responsibility–'–that is, young people who realize that they must educate cording to his arbitrary wilL The themselves to the facts and the problems of the present, past, and future. schools for girls belonging to the Re- These so-called "Youth Movements" assume many points of view and formed Church have been seized, and modes of expression, many conflicting even among themselves. This awaken- are being used as hospitals for the ing (with the probable exception of Germany) is restricted to a minority treatment of venereal diseases. Lands of what one can call the youth of each nation. The significant fact is that of the churches have been taken by the minority is so large, and that the awakening is so intense. In Holland the state, allowing the owners only a the "Youth Movement" is almost entirely religious or ethical. It com- small acreage, and their own lands, prises a liberal religious group open to almost all creeds; a student Chris- after having been confiscated, are tian group; and the Practical Idealists' Association. In addition thrre rented to the former owners at proare many small groups-League of Religious Anarcho-Communists, anti- hibitive prices." The only remedy tobacco and anti-alcohol societies, and hundreds of individuals devoted to for some of these abuses is political kindred ideals. action. –Christian Century. State and Church in Roumania Poland and Religious Liberty I T was reported at the meeting of the Presbyterian World Alliance in THE new States created in Eastern Zurich that in Roumania the restric- and Central Europe have inscribed tions on church life are particularly religious liberty in their Constitution. severe. The situation there is de- They are bound to recognize religious scribed in these words: "The minis- bodies who work in their territory and afford them liberty. It is one thing to establish general principles-an- other to put them in operation in lands where the Roman Church has long had a political supremacy. In Poland the Churches that were work- ing before the new Constitution a:re recognized, but there are difficulties confronting the new work that has been undertaken, since the grant of the Constitution which honors reli- gious liberty can become really effec-' tive only when definite legislation in the form of an Enabling Law is passed. Pre-war arrangements make it possible for the older Churches to "carry on" without obstacles being placed in their path. "Denomina- tions previously unknown in Poland" may at any moment by administrative action be placed in perplexity and their work dosed down before any ef- fective appeal may be made to the

West to restrain the agents who de- tamia, and India. The Nile Mission sire to see this done.-Evangelical Press and the American Press at Bei- Christendom. rut are also sending out large quanti- ties of Christian literature. The The Dilemma in Iceland Egyptian secretary of the Society for I N April, 1922, the Parliament of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animah!, Iceland was compelled to suspend a young Mohammedan, recently orits prohibition law (adopted in 1908) dered 1,000 copies of "Black Beauty" because Spain, at present the chief from the Beirut Press and the large purchaser of the salt cod (Iceland's volume recently published by the Nile principal export) declared that she Mission Press on the deity of our would raise her import tax, unless Lord is having a remarkable sale. The Iceland would buy her wines (with monthly Christian paper, Orient and Occident, has become trilingual, and alcoholic content up to 21 %). For- in French, English and Arabic is merly much of this wine was dis- bridging the chasm between the East posed of in America. When the 1923 and West and leading young men to Parliament of Iceland met, no solu- consider the claims of Christ. Mostion was in sight, and the 1922 arrangement was continued, but the lems themselves are aware that the Parliament declared that "although in this session, on account of trade press is the deciding factor in the treaties with Spain, an exception from coming struggle. The editor of the Islamic Review, in London, writes the law regar.ding import of intoxi- concerning their propaganda: cants has been legalized, this excep- The immensity of the task that lies before tion has been made because of demand- Us compels us to the admission that we are ing necessity, but not because the scarcely able to meet the demand single· Parliament would depart from the law that was first passed on account of handed; and all the more so because of the lack of adequate means. We inVite, there- fore, one and an, each and every servant of a general vote among the people." Islam, to help us in the cause. The only Leaders in the World League Against means of uccess to the otherwise impreg- Alcoholism have made considerable efforts to help Iceland secure other nable hellXt of the West is literature. Can we produce it in a quantity sufficiently large to meet the demand ~ The answer lies with markets for her fish, one Scotch busi- our Moslem brothers.

ness man having been particularly active. Since the United States has Spiritual Growth in Egypt helped indirectly to get this small is- REV. WALTER T. FAIRMAN of land into difficulty, cannot America . the Fnited Presbyterian Mission, devise means to absorb some of this wrltes of the marked success that at· surplus of fish which Spain refuses tended a ~eries of conventions for the except at the cost of debauching the deepening of the spiritual life, held Icelanders ~ during November and December at AFRICA four centers in Egypt. "The special subject this year was: The Identifica- Moslems and the Press tion of the Believer with Christ: (1), EGYPT is controlled, Rev. Dr. in Death; (2), in Newness of Life; Zwemer says, "not so much by (3), in Service. Our devoted Egyplaws and religions as by the news- tia~ workers have received a great papers. These batteries have unlimit- uplIft and have gone back to their ed range, and seem to have endless various spheres of labor with their quantities of ammunition." The Mos- faith strengthened and their vision lem press was never so active. In the enlarged. Evangelistic services were native booksellers' quarters, great held in the evenings, and to these the packages of literature are seen ready general public turned out in such for the post and addressed to Tim- numbers as to tax to the utmost the buctoo, Brazil, South Africa, Mesopo- accommodation provided in each

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

place. In Luxor we have a large ordinated, so that they can work tochurch with seating for about 700. gether for the one great aim-salva- This was crowded every night with a tion of the State." most attentive congregation in spite or the fact that opposition meetings Plans fQr African EducatiQn were being held at the same time in the Coptic church in the town. In AN important step in the develop- Zagazig a special tent provided seat- ment of education in Africa has ing accommodation for about 700 men been taken in the appointment by the and women. This was filled to capac- Secretary of State for the Colonies in ity every night and many went away Great Britain of an Advisory Combecause they could not find room. At mittee on Education in the Crown the same time boys and girls were Colonies in Africa. Except in the gathered in the church itself for a definitely Mohammedan areas about special meeting for them alone. They nine tenths of the whole of native numbered about 200 and good work education throughout the continent was done amongst them. Can you has been hitherto carried on by misimagine the situation? In the heart sions. The appointment of this comof a Moslem city, a whole street mittee is an indication of the increasturned into a tent for the holding of ing interest of governments in the religious meetings attended by Chris- subject of education, and since mistians and Moslems and no disturbance sionary interests are represented on and no objection. Ten years ago that the committee, it provides an opporwould have been impossible. Today tunity for consultation between the not only was it possible but it was Government and missions on educadone." tional matters. Its announced purpose is "to study the problems of native A Cabinet Minister's Tribute education· in Africa and to facilitate the cooperation· of governments and THE acting Prime Minister of the missions in the development of a con- Union of South Africa, F. S. structive policy of education on sound Malan, while on tour in Cape Colony lines.' , in the autumn of 1923, paid a great tribute to the work of missionaries. NEAR EAST He said: "The work of the missionary should be recognized as part of In Syrian Villages the uplifting of the native races and part of the administration necessary WITH representatives of the Danto maintain law and order. Where ish Mission to the Orient and the missionaries are concerned, the use of British Syrian Mission, Rev. W. A. force is never, or very rarely, re- Freidlinger, of the American Presbyquired, and that is because of the mis- terian Mission at Zahleh, Syria, resionaries. We are able to govern mil- cently made a tour of several villages lions of natives, not by physical force, around Baalbek. He writes: "In aile not by policemen or soldiers, but by Moslem village very few knew how to the moral force which civilization and read.· A man working in the field was the example and influence of white asked if he could read and answered, men can give. The principles incul- 'No, we do not know here, but. in the cated by the missionaries, which are other village over there they know; based not on physical force, but on for there you will find Christians.' obedience to moral principles and the 'But do you mean to say that the principles of Christianity, should be Christians are better off than you?' supported. We should see that the 'Of course, if the authorities do not relations which exist between the ad- give them a school, no doubt their ministration of the country and the bishop will take care of them; but nomissionaries and their work are co- body cares for us here. ' The presence of these Catholic Christians seems 6 more often to be a hindrance. to the

Moslem than a help. In a mixed vil- their task. The taking on their own lage a young Christian man said to a shoulders by Syrian young men of Moslem :>hopkeeper when the mission- the burden of winning their land to ary asked him to buy a Gospel, 'ThiR Christ means the dawning of a better is not a book for you.' But the Mos- day for Syria." Syrian boys, too, are lem seemed wiser than he, for he just getting the vision. Rev. JJeslie M. took out his money and bought the TJeavitt, American Presbyterian misbook, saying, 'These people have come sionary, writes of two eighteen-yearto give us light and to make us know old boys who had attended a things we did not know before.' conference of secondary school boys. One is now conducting a Sunday- Church Union in Syria school every ,Vednesday afternoon and Sunday morning with an average APROMINENT feature of mission- attendance of fifty. He sent to the ary work in Syria, which is Rtill ~fission for Arabic hymnbooks and in its infancy, but growing, is the they fling hymns and have a prayer project of missionary union. The and the young man leads the discus- United Missionary Conference that sion on such subjects as "The Plan of has been in full swing for several ,Jehovah," "The Principles of Chrisyears joins the societies working both tianity," "Our Success as a Commun· under the .B'rench iu Syria, and under ity or Nation," and "True Patriotthe British in Palestine. One year ism." In the neighboring village the these two branches meet together and other boy organized a football team the altern!lte year they meet as north- and helped plan an entertainment for ern and southern sections, each in the benefit of the vi1lage schooL He their own territory. This union in- also invaded the meeting place of a cludes English, Scotch, Irish, Danish gang of a dozen boys whose custom it and American missionaries. Its func· was to meet every evening, tell dirty tions are purely advisory, but it stories, swear, and kill time. The firRt cements ·the workers and fosters effi· night that he started reading aloud to ciency as well. The Syrian Evangel- them from a good Arabic book a numicals, grouped as they are under the ber of the boys laughed at him and various church politics to which their called him" Preacher. " He continued respective missionary leaders are at- his efforts the second evening and betached, are chafing under these eccle- fore long the whole group was listensiastical divisions and agitating the ing intently to him. subject of combining. Their various denominational affinities are not in- A Motor Cycle in Arabia herited and ingrained, so union is easier, and their number is far from DR. PAUL W. HARRISON, misbeing so great as to thrive in spite of sionarv of the Reformed Church divisions; so that union, for them, in Ameri~a, has just returned to is imperative and quite practicable, Arabia, taking along a motorcycle. once their foster-mother societies en- He hopes to make the journey over courage such a step.-Presbyterian the Arabian Desert, which has hither- Magazine. to taken from ten to fourteen days on camel back, in less than twenty-four Syrian Youth for Syria hours. Ell'. Harrison is a friend of the ruling sheikh of the interior of I N the University of Beirut is a Arabia, Bin Saud, who is anxious group of Student Volunteers who that Dr. Harrison should establish a plan to give their lives for missionary hospital in his capital, Riadh, 250 work in their own land. One of the miles inland from the Persian Gulf. missionaries writes: "They are few, but enthusiastically committed to

Americans. By Joyce Oonstance alyptic beliefs. Its danger' is due

Manuel. l:lmo. IIi pp. 60 cents (cloth). substituting philosophic imaginings Oouncil of Women for Home Missions and for true revelations from God. the Missionary Education Movement. New York. 1923. Leaves from a Chinese Calendar, By Emma G. Lippard. Pamphlet. 12 pp. 50 cents. That is something that all citizens Woman's Missionary Society, United Lu· of the United States should wish to be theran Church in America, 1228 Spruce and help others to be-Better Amer- St., Philadelphia. 1923. 'leans. This may not always mean better Christians but better Christians These mission study lessons by a living in America must necessarily be missionary who knows and loves the better Americans. Miss Manuel has Chinese, present a vivid and true put forth her own ideas as to how to picture of Chinese life for juniors. make Americans better-by meetings, The book is well illustrated and the discussions, stories, studies, dramas chapters describe delightfully the ex- and pictures. She presents material periences of Taro and his friends in for twelve lessons with songs, talks, each month of the Chinese year.

stories of boys and girls, discussions, Adventures with the Bible in Brazil. By the suggested application and pray-er. F. C. Glass. Illns. Map. 12mo. 220 These lessons are inspirational and in- pp. 4s. Piekering and Inglis. Glasgow. formational and will help to teach 1923. children thankfulness, thrift, educational ideals, appreciation of beauty, A missionary of the Evangelical use of money, justice, reverence, re- Union of South America d-escribes adspect for law, loyalty and obedience ventures and incidents on three jourto God. 'rhe treatment is not always neys in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruas strong or on as high a plane as it guay, acros:'l Brazil and westward up might be-for example, reverence is the Amazon to Colombia. He met made to include too much. The test many strange people, had many thrillof these lessons will be in their use. ing experiences, saw the great need of the people because of their igno- Theosophy and Christian Thought. By W. rance of God and discovered the fruit- S. Urquhart. 12mo. 233 pp. $2'.25. The fulness of Bible work even in the Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1922. midst of ignorant savages and traders. Some of the converts tramped 250 Some people seem to be hypnotized miles to attend a Gospel conference. by theosophy. They do not know what South America is rich iu resources it means but swallow it whole. Here and possibilities, both physical and is an antidote of information. Dr. spiritual, but is especially in need of Urquhart is prof-essor of philosophy spiritual light and power. in the Scottish Churches College in Calcutta and recognizes both the beau- Short Missionary Plays and More Missionties and the false ideas in theosophy. ary Plays. By Margaret T. Applegarth, He shows its scope, its antecedents, its 2 vol. 12mo. 183 pp. and 184 pp. $1.00 contents, its value and its relation to net eaeh. George H. Doran Co. New Christianity. He perhaps deals with York. 1923.

it too leniently, but he is well in- The dramatic method of teaching formed and he seeks to be fair. Dr. and stirring the emotions and will is Urquhart conceives the chief value of becoming increasingly popular, espetheosophy to be its emphasis on the cially among young people. It has ad- reality of the unseen world and apoc- vantages and disadvantages. To 323

many, it is a sugar-coated pill. If as well as church. They give genthe impression finds its outlet in ade- erously, every tenth tree being marked quate expression of a practical sort, LX-" The Lord's Tenth" and every the disadvantages are lessened. These tllnth row of produce in the same way. missionary plays are well thought out This story is a good antidote to some to make the impression. The first of the sensuous volumes recently volume relates to race questions in written on the South Sea Islanders. America, to life in India, Japan, China, Spanish America and medical The Chinese Church National Ohristian missions and the second volume to Oonference, 1922. Report of the Interspecial occasions and methods such as national Christian Conference, Shang- Christmas, Easter, raising money, sell- hai. 8vo. 724 pp. $2.50. The Oriental ing literature and conducting mission- Press. Shanghai. 1923. ary meetings. The results are, perhaps, attained too llasily. Epoch making is the term rightly applied to the Shanghai Conference They are simple and make nse of of May, 1922. The missionary work in men, women and children. They re- China was there reorganized on a new quire few participants, simple prop- basis, giving larger place to the Chierties, and few rehearsals. The les- nese Church. Dr. Rawlinson and his son in each play is clearly taught bu1 co-editors, Miss Helen Thoburn and not unpleasantly stressed. Dr. MacGillivray, have gathered and arranged material from the commis- Pandita Ramabai. By Helen S. Dyer. Illus. sion reports presented to the National 12mo. 113 pp. 48. Pickering and Inglis. Conference as it relates especially to Glasgow. 1923. tqe work and program for the Chi- nese Church. The multitude of sub- Ramabai, who died last year, after jects discussed, as revealed in the thirty years of work for the child index, include: Chinese Religions, A.gwidows of India, was a woman of riculture, Architecture, Literature, great intellectual gifts and of spiritual Evangelism, Boys' Work, the Blind, power. Much of her wonderful life Family Worship; Children; Church is here told in her own words. The Life, Cooperation, Finance, Home volume, written by Mrs. Dyer, has been Problems, Medical Work, Industrial reissued as revised and brought up to Conditions, Ministry, Money, Mosdate. It is a story of faith working lems, etc. Any missionary to China unselfishly through love and reveals or those wishing expert knowledge, what the Gospel of Christ can do for will find this compilation of great val- Indian women. ue.

The Romance of Pitcairn Island. By W. Y. China Mission Year Book. 1923. Edited by Fullerton. Illns. 12mo. 112 pp. 28, 6d. Frank Rawlinson. 12 mo. 373 pp. The Carey Press. London. 1923. Christian Literature Society. Shanghai. 1923. Though it is the scene of one of the modern .miracles of missions, Pitcairn For three years, we have been with. Island is little known except in mis- out new editions of the Year Book and sionary history. The secretary of the it has been a real loss in spite of the Baptist Missionary Society of Eng- publication of the Missionary Survey land visited it recently and tells here volume. China is changing and these ·the thrilling story of its transforma- changes are recorded by fifty-two extion through the influence of a single pert observers, both Chinese and copy of the Bible carried thither by foreigners, from different points of the mutineers of the Bounty. If view. Their contributions on politics, any doubt the power of the inspired missionary work, the Chinese Church, Word of God, let them be convinced Education, Social Reform Movements, by reading this true narrative of the etc., are of great interest and value. South Pacific. The inhabitants are The statistics, map and missionary di- Christians and attend Sabbath-school rectory are in a separate volume. We know of no better way to keep abreast grams are suitable for diil'erent ages of movements in China than through and are of varied value but selections this annual review. can be made that will prove of use to any church, nllssionary society, young Some Boys and Girls in America. By Mar- people's or children's group. garet T. Applegarth. Illua. 8vo. 231 pp. $1.50 neb. George H. Doran 00. How to Produce Plays and Pageants. By New York. 1923. Mary M. Russell. IlIus. 8vo. 219 pp. $1.50 net. George H. Doran Co. New Originality and charm mark these York. 1923. home mission stories and their black and white drawings for children. The Like the foregoing volume, this is titles of the chapters whet the appe- a discussion of the uses of the drama tite – "Let's Discover America, " and how to plan and present plays "Little Prince of Wails," "Mind and pageants in order to produce a Your P's and Q's," etc. Children and desired effect on an audience. Some mothers or teachers of children will of the illustrative material is religious find them interesting and instructive. and some patriotic or missionary. The portion of the story of Joseph At the Mercy of Turkish Brigands. By given here is commonplace and un- Mrs. D. C. Eby. Portrait. 12 mo. 285 important, adding much to the Bible pp. Bethel Publishing Co., New Car· narrative but without clearly bringing lisle, Ohio. 1922. out the meaning.

The tragic days of war, massacre Enthroned-A Story of Christ. By F. D. and deportation in Armenia have pro- Seward. 8vo. 296 pp. The Stratford duced several graphic and thrilling Co. Boston. 1923. narratives. The present one, by a mIssIOnary, tells of experiences The life of Christ offers rich oparound the Armenian cities of Hadjin portunities for the novelist. It has and Marash. It is a story of suffering romance, adventure, human symand massacre, of warfare and cap- pathy, tragedy and dramatic incident. ture by brigands, of robbery and res- Mr. Seward has used these to good cue, of deportation and relief work, advantage in a straightforward, actold graphically in a way that en- curate and reverent story that follows ables us to sympathize with the mis- closely the gospel narrative and that sionaries and those whom they sought has for its purpose the enthronement to help. of Christ in the heart and life of the reader. While not so thrilling in in- Khama, The Great Afrioan Chief. By J. O. terest as "Ben Hur," it is more true Harris. Portrait. 12 mo. 122 pp. to the spirit and facts of the history $1.25 net. George H. Doran Co., New and does not draw, so much on extra- York. 1923. biblical material or the imagination of the writer as is done in other novels Khama is one of the miracles of mis- of the time of Christ. sions. The thrilling story here given has already been briefly told in the Practioal Lectures on the Book of Job. REVIEW to show what God can do in Frank E. Allen. 12mo. 303 pp. $1.75. human regeneration and what Afri- Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1923. cans can do to lead their people into Christian light. Job is a fascinating character and the book is an uplifting study, Joy from Japan. Recreation Programs. Ar- neglected by too many Christians. ranged by Catharine A. Miller. Paper. Mr. Allen has unfolded its meaning 8vo. 200 pp. The Heidelberg Press. and practical lessons in this series of Philadelphia. 1923. sermonic lectures. He rightly (we believe) holds .Job to be an historical Games and outings, socials and din- person and considers the story of his ners, tableaux, songs, stories, feasts experience an ancient dramatic presand plays are suggested here to in- entation of truth. The book is studied crease interest and give information on Japan as a mission field. The proin sections, not critically but homi- Places of Quiet Strength. By John Timo· letically, to point out the lessons to be thy Stone. 12mo. 250 pp. $2.00 net. learned in regard to home life, evil, George H. Doran Co. New York. 1923. suffering, faith, knowledge of God, wisdom, prosperity, repentance, sal- These twenty-two practical sermons, vation, etc. It is eminently sane, rev- by the well-known and much loved erent and practically helpful. pastor of the Fourth Presbyterian Church in Chicago, deal with spiritual The Jewish Question and the Key to Its themes in a practical way. They ap- Solution. Max Green, M.D., Philadelphia. peal to men and women who desire George W. Jacobs & Co. strength and vision, a knowledge of God and a Christ-like life among men. A Hebrew Christian deals with the We miss the charm of Dr. Stone's fact of the Jewish problem and the personality, but the essential message various attempts that have been made is here. to solve it. The solution of the Jew- ish problem will eome with the accept- The Mexican Nation-A History. By Her" bert I. Priestley. IIIus. Maps. 8vo. 507 ance by the Jews of Jesus as their pp. $4.00 net. The Macmillan Co. New own Messiah.

The Book of the Lover and' the Beloved. York. 1923.

By Ramon Lull. Introduction by E. Alli· Most Americans know of Mexico but son Peers. 12mo. 115 pp. $1.25. Mac· few know Mexico or the Mexicans. millan Co. New York. 1923. They associate the name with bandits and bull fights, with mines and oil, If ever there was a man with a passionate love for Jesus Christ that man with revolutions and Roman Catholic was Ramon (or Raymund) Lull, the superstitions. Dr. Priestley, the assopioneer martyr missionary to the Mos- ciate professor of Me:xican history at lems of North Africa. In this trans- the University of California, writes lation of some of his devotional writ- the history of the country in order to ings the saintly scholar and witness give the greater American republic a pours out his soul in love of his Master better and more sympathetic underand thoughts of how that love may be standing of the people. The story beincreased and manifested. It is very gins with the discovery by Spaniards stimulating to spiritual life and serv- in 1518, describes the economic, politice. ical history and closes with Car- More Jungle Tales. By Howard A. Musser. ranza's death in 1920. There is much lIlus. 12mo. 196 pp. $1.50 net. George said about Roman Catholic missions H. Doran 00. New York. 1923. and their influences but practically nothing of Protestant. The political India is a land of adventure as well influence and program of papal orders as a land that call~ for the message of in Me:xico are largely responsible for Christ, and missionarie~ who preach the chaos. the Gospel also have interesting and thrilling experiences. Some of them, like Jacob Chamberlain and Howard World Friendship Through the Church A. Musser, are skilled in telling of School. By John L. Bobinger. 12mo. their adventures so as to hold their 91 pp. $1.25 net. University of Chicago audiences spellbound. Here is a Press. Chicago. 1923.

bundle of twenty-five stories and Christian internationalism is the lesser incidents and pictures that subject of these ten studies for carry the shadow of the jungle and of churches. They aim at the promotion heathenism but also are shot through of peace through better understanding with the light of Christ. The tales are and greater sympathy. They include full of human interest, for thcy tell an appeal to different ages for misof boys and girls and their conflicts sionary work, broader study, more with wild beasts and with untamed unselfish giving, and active service for humans. Boys and girls will be in- others at home and abroad. A bibliogterested; so will adults. raphy accompanies each chapter. The Message of Mohammed. A. S. Wadia. One can only regret that with so 159 pp. $1.60. E. P. Dutton & Co. New York. 1923. clear a view of the outlines of his task, and approaching it with so tol- No praise is too high for the spirit rrant and ,no~-controversial a spirit, thc author S pIcture of Islam is so inof fairmindedness and toleration adequate. The strength and magnifi- ~ence of Islam lie in its conception of which characterizes this book. It is an effort to advance the cause of Islam by portraying the elements of truth God. One wonders whether the author which that religion contains and th1ere himself has ever had an adequate view is no bitter word nor harsh criticism. of that conception. If so, his power of p()rtr~ying it is almost nil. Palgrave, 'rhe author has many cordial things who IS the only English author who to say of Christ's teachings and of succeeds at all in showing the dimen- Christianity today. The book is from ~ions and strength of that conception the standpoint of a Modernist Mos- lem. Mohammed was far from per- is utterly condemned by the author of fect: and his teachings, notably on the this work.

subject tohfingpsolythgaatmyhavaendbeednivovrece~ All interested in missionary work contain for Moslems may well read this book. harmful. 'rhe Koran is full of mis- l"rom .it ,-ve get an exceedingly valutakes and of teachings that for us are able sldcbght on our task which is to obsolete. RO lift up Christ that the divine pic- This is an unusual stanupoint for tnre of God and the salvation whid1 He offers can draw mien to Him, eVPI1 Moslem apologists to take. The un- hesitating rejection of superstition. those who have been captivated by the and of outworn social legislation in system of ::'IIohammecl. P. w. H.

Islam, rather t~kes one '8 breath away. With Italy in Her Final War of Libera- tion. By Qhn D. Wannamaker. lllus. The frank admIssion that Christianity 8"0. 29,1 pp. $1.75 net. Fleming H. is more ideally perfect than Mohan~­ medanism, but that .Mohammedanism Revell Co. Xew York. 1923.

is the more vital of the two, is a new and rather startling beginning for The Y. :;I. C. A., by its humani- such a. discussion. The Wahabees of tarian work, contributed much to Cent.ral Arabia would repudiate a man Italy's efficiency in the World War.

makmg such admissions. ::-'[;. Wannamaker writ-es a glowing It is very inadequately realized tnbute to the work among the soldiers am0.ng. Chri.sti.ans, and even among at t~e front, in prison camps and in ChrIstIan ~Isslonaries, how powerful hospItals. Italv had 5000000 men and cOI,n.pelling a system of philosophy mobilized, took· nearly half 'a million underlies Mohammedanism, once its prisoners and had hundreds of thousuperstitions have been sloughed sands wounded in battle or incapaciaway. Ve are going to see eventuallv that to say that lIohammedanism ca~­ tated ,itnhtreoreusgthingilalnnedssinfaonrmd indgisfeaacste~ Slome not be true because it claims to be ~re gIven concermng Italy, the Ital- ~:miversal and its regulations regard- Jans and the War as wen as graphic mg prayer cannot be carried out in accounts of the Y work. About 300 the Arctic regions, is to betray an al- American workers were sent to Italy. most pathetic blindness to the real They did effective work though only questions at issue. When for instance th~ author asserts that the underlying ~ small part of it was strictly relig- phIlosophy and teachings of Moham- 10US.· Too much spacl) is given, per- medanism are more in a~corcl with thr haps, to defend and praise the y. too scientific, industrial ana politica1 much is said as to why the Ame;ican temper of modern times than those of Y did· not go to Italy sool1er and too Christianity, he: occupies a position little is told in the way of actual inci- from which it would be difficult to dents and experiences and the definite dislodge him. results of the work. Twin Travelogues. With paper doll cut directions are followed, the result outs. By Welthy Honsinger. The Abing. should be impressive. don Press. 50 cents each. New York. 1923. Progressive Suggestions for Planning Church Buildings. Plans and Sketches. These cutouts for India and Korea Edited by Elbert M. Conover and Albert are fascinating for young children N. Dobbins. Pamphlet. 48 pp. 50 cents. and very instructive. Travel stories Home Missions Council. New York. 1923. of children in foreign lands accompany the pictures. Use them in the This book will prove a real boon to home and in children's bands – and churches at home and abroad that are don't omit the travel stories. looking for ideas which combine beauty and utility for church and A Young Man's View of the Ministry. S. chapel buildings in city, suburb and M. Shoemaker. 86 pages. $1.25. Asso· country. It also has a good list of ciation Press. New York. 1923. books recommended.

Anyone who is engaged in the work Bible Stories in Rbyme. By Florence E. Hay. Illustrated in color. 4 to 84 pp. of the ministry, and anyone who has The Rodeheaver Co. Chicago. 1923.

at heart the recruiting of the ranks These are rhymes, not poems, and a few are only jingles, but they are of gospellers should welcome this little reverent and orthodox and tell the Bible stories so as to teach the lessons volume as much as the young men in intended. "Poetic license" causes oc- casional liberties with the Bible text, their hour of decision as to their life as when the "forbidden fruit" in gden is called an "apple." Most of work to whom this young minister has the words are simple and easily under- stood by the young boys and girls who primarily addressed his message. will find it easy to memorize the rhymes. The pictures are good. The Young Man'8 View of the Ministry is simple and practical as well as A. Correction.-John Lewis Hill, author of "When Black Meets helpfully (not fulsomely) personal. White, " is not a colored man, but is t.he white pastor of a church in Nash- The six divisions of the book-The ville, Tennessee.

Work, The Message, The Call, The NEW BOOKS Need, The Reward, An Appeal-com- Persian Women and Their Ways. C. Col· bine to send a ringing challenge to liver R.ice. Illus. Map. 312 pp. 218. Seeley, Service. London. 1923. men to givE' over their lives to Christ Unconquered Abyssinia As it is Today. to be used by Him in the abundant Charles F. Rey. Illus. Map. 312 pp. living and joyous serving He came 218. Seeley, Service. London. 1923.

to give. R. M. L. The Black Republic. Liberia, Its Social and Political Conditions Today. Henry New Blood. By Louise Rice. Illustrated. Fenwick Reeve. 200 pp. lOs, 6d. With· 12mo. 110 pp. $1.00 net. Fleming H. erby. London. 1923. Revell Co. New York. 1922. In Witch-Bound Africa. An Account of Immigrants furnish the material the Primitive Kaonde Tribe and Their for thesE' little "stories of the folks Beliefs. F. II. Melland. Illus. Maps. who make America." Though light 316 pp. 21$. Seeley, Service. London. reading for young folks and for mis- 1923. sionary circles, they will help to awaken interracial sympathy and a After Livingstone. An African Trade desire to help aliens. Romance. Fred L. M. Moir. lIlus. Map. 200 pp. 68. Hodder & Stoughton. Lon- India Painting Book. By Elsie A. Wood don. 1923. and Henry T. Vodden. Church Mission· ary Society. 1$. London. 1923. The Basuto of Basutoland. Eric Dutton. Illus. Map. 132 pp. lOs, 6d. Cape. Those who have seen the painting London. 1923. books of Egypt and other lands will (ConcZuded on 3d eover) welcome this. It is very attractive.

World Service. A Religious Pageant. By Alfred Luke Fanst. Pamphlet. 30 pp. 25 cents. Methodist Book Concern. New York. 1923.

Musical numbers are suggested, costumes, stage setting and lighting. If

~e MOSLEM

cA QUARTERLY MAGAZINE Published in JANUARY, APRIL, JULY, OCTOBER EDITED BY SAMUEL M.· ZWEMER, CAIRO, EGYPT ASSOCIATE EDITORS.

REv. H. U. WEITBRECHT ST.~NTO;/. Ph.D.. London. REV. V. ST. CLAIR TISD.{LL. Ph.D.. London.

PROF. D. B. lIJcCDON.LD. M.. .• D.D.. Hartford. Conn. MR. MARSHALL BROOMHALL, London.

CANON W. H. T. GAIRDNER. B.A., Cairo. Egypt. REV. E. M. WHERRY. D.D.. India.

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REV. S. RALPH HARLOW. M.A., Smyrna.

THIS is the only magazine in English which gives first. hand contemporary information from the missionary point of view regarding the world of Islam as a whole. The current number contains articles by expert writers on The Present Situation in the Near East; The Shari-Chad Country, Central Afdca (with maps); Moravian Missions to Moslems; The Outlook in North Africa; France a Disintegrator of Islam; The Sudanese Woman's Ontlook on Life; The Holland Mission in Egypt; Mohammed's Birthday; Turkey Seen from Tarsus; Islam in Bulgaria; Economic and Social Conditions in East Arabia.

Its Chronicle of Current Events is unique. Book Reviews and a Survey of Periodicals appear in each number.

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City .. ________ .. ________ … Oollntry. __ _ NEW BOOKS Lehner. Edited by George .T. Fritsche!, D.D. $1.25. Wartburg Publishing (C""c1url('(l from page 3::7) House. Chicago. ] 923.

The Re[l Chinese in America. .T. S. 1'0"". Chalmers of New Guinea. Alexander Illus. 168 pp. $1.50. Academy Press. SmalL Illus. 176 pp. 3s, 6d. Hodder Xew York. 1923. & Stoughton. London. 1923.

War: Its Causes, Consequences and Cures. Jackson of Moukden. M,·s. Dugald Christie. Kirby Page. 207 pp. $1.50. George H. Illus. 155 pp. 38, 6d. Hodder & Stough· Doran Co. Xow York. 1923. ton. London. 1923.

American Bible Society One Hundred and Livingstone the Master Missionary. Hubert Seventh Annual Report-1923. American F. Livingstone Wilson. Dlus. Map. 230 Bible Society. Kew York. 1923. pp. 38, 6d. Hodder & Stoughton. Lon· don. 1923. India Pie-a Book of Stories and Pictures. Various Autltors. 61 pp. 18. Clturclt Japanese Civilization: Its Significance and ).IissionHl'y Society. London. 1923. R.ealization. R. Staomi. 238 pp. lOs, 6d. Regan Paul. London. 1923. Year BOBk of Prayer for Missions, 1924. 25 cents. ).fission Boards of the Presby- Education in China. Edited by T. T. Lew terian Church in U. S. A. and T. T. Teng. $2.50. (Mex.) Mission Book Co. Shanghai. 1923. At the Mercy of Turkish Brigands. Mrs. D. C. Eby. 285 pp. Bethel Publishing Southern Tibet. Sven Hedin. 9 vols. 2978 Co. :'ew Carlisle, Ohio. 1922. pp. Rr. 700. Lithographic Institute of the Swedislt Army. Stockholm. Every Foreign Woman-a Modern Miracle Play. Alice W. S. Brimson. 11 pp. 15 Wanderings in Arabia. 2 vols. Cltarles cents. VVoman's Americau Baptist Home M. Doughty. (New Edition.) Vol. T. Mission Society. 2969 Veruon Avenue, 309 pp. Va.!. II. 297 pp. 20s. Duck- Chicago. ] 923. worth. London. 1923.

The Spread of Christianity. Paul Hutchin· The Awakening of Palestine. Edited by son. lIlus. Maps. 276 pp. $1.50. Leonard Stein and Leon Simon. Essays Abingdon Press. New York. 1923. by Varions Writers. 326 pp. 78, 6d. Murray. London. 1923. Atlas of the Evangelical Lutheran Mission in New Guinea. Index. Maps by Stephan Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIE1'f OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

in the UNITED

Need Your Help for a Place to Worship Will You Be One to send $.5.00 01' more to build this church-the only one for lepers in America?

number of lepers in the United States is incrE'asing, and must in-' crease unless they' are properly segregated. The Government has provided Hospital Sixty-six iu ~lOuthe1'll Louisiana "as a leper colony which may soon house 500 lepers. ~ican Christians must, however, provide religious consolation, in- struction and a place of worship-The Government cannot do it. Will you help ~ The Roman Catholics have already provided a, priest and an attractive and commodious chapel for their constituency, but this does not meet the needs of the Protestant lepers. The Protestant Chapel, funds for which are being raised by The Ameri- can Mission to LepElrs, will COHt about $52,000. The Protestant chaplain is already on the field and is proving a blessing to these sufferers. The clergymen of New Orleans and Baton Rouge are cooperating in the "York. Every Christian Church in America should have a part in fnIing this great neE'd. Ten thousand shares at $5.00 each will make possible the erection of this chapel. FiYe thousand shares already taken. Will you or your church, or both, take one or more shares in this Christ- like world DO IT NOW!

THE NEED IS IMMEDIATE Let Your Benefactions Live After You THIS IS A PART OF A WORLD-WIDE PROGRAM TO CLEANSE THE LEPER and TO RID THE WORLD of LEPROSY