The Missionary Review of the World — July 1933

1933

Youth's Need of Christ Harry N. Holmes Missions in the Solomon Islands W. Mallis Missionaries Re,-Thinking Missions Extracts /rom Letters and Magazines Communism, Socialism and Christianity John McDowell Influence of the Church in the World Worth M. Tippy A Venture in Christian. Cooperation Edward D. Kohlstedt

to Remember Personal Items evangelistic campaigns in Great Brit-

ain. He has been working in Amer- June I-Nov. I-World's Fair, Chicago, Rev. John A. Mackay, Litt.D., ica with the First Century Christian Ill. Ph.D.; .authority on Latin America, Fellowship. writer, educator and recognized on June 24-September 4-Victorious Life three continents as a leading exponent *** Conferences, Keswick, N. J. of Christianity, is making a six months' tour of South America. He Mr. Basil Mathews, author of a July 1-30–Institute of Race Relations, is a secretary of the Presbyterian large number of excellent missionary Swarthmore College. ~oardof Foreign Missions, U. S. A. books and missionary lecturer at Bos- and will visit Peru, Chile, Brazil, Ar- ton University, has recently returned July 3-l4-Missionary Education Con- gentina and Uruguay, not only as a to England for the summer. He is at ferences, Blairstown, N. J. Board member, but will take part in present engaged in preparing the life evangelistic. work..' of Dr. John R.M:ott. Mr. Mathews July 5-7-Association of W 0 men expects to return' to America in the Preachers, Milwaukee, Wis. *** autumn. Mrs. William J. McClure a veteran July 7-lS-Summer Schools of Mis- missionary of Bangkok has retired Obituary Notes sions, Northfield, Mass. from Presbyterian missionary service in Siam after 48 years. Rev. John McNeill, D.D., famous July S-13-International Christian Scotch evangelist, died April 19th. Endeavor Convention. Milwaukee, *** Dr. McNeill first came into promi- Wis. Dr. H. H. Kung, Christian leader nence in America in 1893, when he in Chinese affairs, has been made gov- came by invitation of D. L. Moody to July S"l4-Conference of the Associa- ernor of the central bank of China. speak at the Chicago World's Fair. tion for the Reemphasis of New Dr. Kung is a graduate of Oberlin Testament Missions, Silver Bay, N. and Yale, has introduced many re- *** forms in the Chinese Republic and Y. has held a number of important posts. Miss Belle M. Brain, author and authority on the history and litera- July 8-28–Eight Seminars in Mex- *** ture of missions, died May 26th, at ico under the auspices of the Com- The Rev. Gilbert Laws has been Schenectady, N. Y. She was born in mittee on Cultural Relations with chosen vice-president of the British Springfield, Ohio, in 1859. Latin America. Baptist Union, which means that he will alltomatically succeed to the presi- She was the author of fourteen July 30-August S-Christian Workers dency next year. Mr. Laws is known books and a contributor to many pa- Conference, Stony Brook, Long Is- as the author of devotional booklets pers and magazines. Her first book land, N. Y. which are in demand outside his own was "Fuel for Missionary Fires," country, and some have been trans- which was in circulation for more August 5-12 – Missionary Education lated into several languages. than thirty years. For several years Conference. Asilomar, Calif. Miss Brain was associate editor of *** THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE August 10-17 – School of Missions, Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer of Prince- WORLD and originated the Best Meth- Kerville, Texas. ton, N. J., and a member of the Board ods Department in that magazine. of Directors of the REVIEW, sailed Miss Brain was at work on an ex- August 13-l8–School of Home Mis- from San Francisco on May 26th, to haustive study of missionary history sions, Chautauqua, N. Y. give a series of addresses in China. and dates when her eyesight fajJed He went at the invitation of the Ku- four years ago. August 20-26-School of. Foreign Mis- ling Conference and the Society of sions, Chautauqua, N. Y. Friends of Moslems in China. He ex- Printin pects to visit various Moslem centers Pastors' Conferences are listed page and to speak at conferences in Peitai- When You Require It 281 in June REVIEW. Other summer ho, Mokansan and Kuling, sailing schools of missions are listed on page from Shanghai for the United States We wish to eztend to you an invi- 268 of May REVIEW. on August 19th. tation to hecome acquainted with CAMP-OF-THE-WOODS *** THE EVANGELICAL PRESS 01 Dr. Ethan T. Colton, formerly as- Hamshurg, Pennsylvania. on Like Plelllnt sociate general secretary of the Y. in the Adirondlck Plrk, N. Y. M. C. A., is in Germany gathering Thousands of institutions and individ- lecture material. His courses on cur- Recreation at Its Best rent Russian conditions have been uals have accepted a similar invitation, rated among the most illuminating ACOMFORTABLE tent and cabin col- expositions that have reached the pub- and have enjoyed a profitable printing ony; thirty-third season; Christian lic. Dr. Colton is a graduate of Da- fellowship; 20 divisions for adults. kota Wesleyan University. association lor years. ' families, young men and women, teachers and students; ocean-like beach; wonder- *** Our specialty is Boob. Magazines and ful swimming; elevation 2,000 feet; sun Dr. John McDowell, a secretary of Booklets. We have modem equipment baths; setting-up exercises for young the Board of National Missions of to meet all the requirement. of, you and old; short and long hikes over moun- the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., particular joh. Our service is quiok, tain trails; orchestra of 50 musicians; has been unanimously elected Moder- delightful Gospel services; concerts; en- ator of the Presbyterian General As- ClUeiul and courteous. tertainments; outdoor games; tennis; sembly. Dr. McDowell has given golf; ,baseball. ,Dining-hail, seats 625; thirty-five years to the Christian min- Why not allow us to estimate on your tables for two, f6ilr, 01' more in parties; istry and has served the Church ef- nezt printing? You will he delighted best eats; first-class cooks. A . restful fectively as a missionary secretary with our product. price. and servioe. haven for those ,who enjoy a quiet re- for nearly fifteen years. treat; the canoeist's paradise; conven- The Evangelical Press ient center for motor trips; state high- *** ways to historical and picturesque regions. Bishop J. H. Linton, Church Mis, Printer. 01 Hundreds of testimonies from teachers, sionary Society missionary in Isfa- The Missionary Review of the World ministers, parents, young men and women. han, Persia, has recently been in Ameriea and returned to England on PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: Beautifully Illustrated Booklet Mailed Free June 7th. Bishop Linton has had re- 'l'hircl ancl Ren,. Sueet. Bantu….", P.. Rates to Suit Your Needs markable success in winning Moslems to Christ in Persia and in conducting Address: George F. TlBBITIS SPECULATOR, HAMILTON COUNTY NEW YORk

Chat THE

REVIEW OF THE WORLD The difficulty of securing the pro- posed articles on "Christ and the Mod- DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor ern World," as the mission study topic relates to America, has necessi- VOL. LVI JULY, 1933 No. 7– tated a change of program. Some of the articles appear in this number of PAGE the REVIEW and others are promised Frontispiece – Missionary for later issues. Cartoons ………….. . *** Topics of the Times ……. 347 Among the topics on Home Mis- Some Encouraging Signs sions-or "Christ in America Today," The Child-Movies-Mlssions we plan to publish one by Commander A Diagnosis of Germany's Evangeline Booth on "Christ Among Condition the Outcasts," one on "Christ in the Rei I g ion in Conservation Southern Mountains," by Helen Ding- Camps man of Berea, and others on "Christ and the Unemployed," "Among the Communism, Socialism and Foreign B{lrn," and "The Gospel for Christianity ………… 351 Migrant Workers." By Dr. John McDowell *** The Infiuence of the Church Reason 1 … Record size. Reason 2 in the World ……….. 354 " . Record speed. Reason 3 .,. Luxury The Foreign Mission topics are By Dr. Worth M. Tippy rivalling anything on the Seven Seas. shaping up for our October number. More Reasons? … Ask anyone who In fact each issue of the REVIEW deals A Mission in the Solomon has gone "Empress!" with the mission study for the year I~ands ……………. 357 Fastest to Orient • .• 10 days from showing the need for Christ, how He By Pastor W. Mallis Vancouver to Yokohama, by Empress is working and some results of His of Asia, Empress of Russia, via Direct life and teachings today. Yo~th's Need of Christ …. 361 Express Route. By Harry N. Holmes Five Days to Honolulu . .. by Em- *** press of Japan (largest and fastest liner A Bible SOCiety in Spain in on Pacific) and Empress of Canada. 8 The readers of the REVIEW continue days, Honolulu to Yokohama. to express their sense of the value of the Sixteenth Century 363 Reduced Summer Round-Trip the magazine to them and to the cause Fares ..• emphasizing the economy of for Christ. Read what some of them By A. Araujo Garcia "Empress"travel.For luxury,"Empress" say: First Class is unsurpassed. Tourist Class Korean Zeal ………….. 366 is very comfortable, very inexpensive. "I am not surprised that the cir- By the Rev. Walter C. E"rdman culation of y{lur valuable magazine Sailings from Vancouver (trains direct has increased, while many publica- Missionary Reactions to "Re- to ship-side) and Victoria … to Honolulu tions have been forced to suspend … I Thinking Missions" … 369 Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Shanghai, want to express my deep appreciation Hong Kong, Manila. Fast, convenient of the articles recently published. Moving Pictures of the Cam- trains to Vancouver. Connections at paign in Burma …….. 379 Honolulu with San Francisco and Los "MRS. WARREN GOFF, By the Rev. R. B. Buker Angeles sailings. Orient fares include "Cambria, Wis." passage from Seattle. Information from A Venture in Christian Co- anyCanadianPacificagent; officesin New *** operation … , ……. , .. 384 York, Chicago, Montreal and 32 other By Dr. E. D. Kohlstedt cities in United States "I wish to thank most heartily the and Canada. very kind, but as yet unknown friend, Presbyterian Foreign Miswho has been sending THE REVIEW sions ……………… 386 for the last few years. It is a most welcome gift. .. I consider it the best Effective Ways of Working . 388 missionary magazine that I know. Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison "S. C. FARRIOR, "Chunking, Cluina." Women"s Home Mission Bul- letin ………….•…• 391 *** Edited by Miss Anne SeeshoItz "I recently subscribed for the RE- Our World-Wide IOutlook … 393 VIEW and I shaH try to get others to subscribe. It is the best magazine I Our Missionary Bookshelf .. 406 have ever seen. It is inspiring, intensely interesting, and I feel sure Publication and Business Office that its circulation will greatly help Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. the cause of missions. Editorial and Executive Office "DR. JOHN A. SILSBY, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City "Berkeley, Calif." Entered as second-class matter at Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under *** Act of March 3, 1879.

"The magazine declares itself as 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year reaHy necessary to me and so I am Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year enclosing my check to cover price {If Published monthly, except August. subscription for a year. I am adding the price of an extra copy to be sent Copyrighted 1933 by the to Mrs. C.– of Rochester. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- "I need hardly add that I am LISHING CO., INC. strongly impressed by the quality of the magazine. BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President "MRS. JOHN H. MASON, WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President "Oak Knoll, Danvers, Mass." WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary What *Do *Yo*u Say? SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Can you increase the circulation? . WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIc. M. NORTH MILTON T. STAUFFER A. L. WARNSHUIS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER [345 ]

OURSELVES 'An archit"tU'AI

at!>is., for tht'

~ chur(h .

NORIr,Hrs 1?E:URVUJ· 6 .-a1I'SUS (,dlls u.s from the worship THE LITTLE END OF THE HORH W@fthevdinworld.,goldenstor..; No one ever saw a vision of the man of Macedonia from l'dL'h idol that would keep us, by looking in a mirror, $"yin,gJhristidll,lo'e lOt'more:'

NO TROUBLE TO CONVINCE HIMSELF MISSIONARY CARTOONS BY E. J. PACE These and a very large number of other Biblical and missionary cartoons can now be had in posters and lantern slides. Dr. Pace has also prepared some excellent cartoons in Spanish which can be had in posters for missionary work. Address Box 824, Orlando, Florida. The above cartoons were originally drawn for The Sunday-School Times.

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER SEVEN JULY, 1933 Topics of the Times SOME ENCOURAGING SIGNS gelical Christianity and the mIssIOnary spirit Anyone can find causes for discouragement in are living and active in the Church.

these days of economic depression, u.nemploy- We also note the growing strength and devo- ment, racketeering, banditry, warfare, youthful tion of the churches in foreign lands and their revolt against conventions and control, decreas- . readiness to take up the responsibility for evan- ing church attendance, decline in missionary gifts, gelizing their own people. There are signs of international misunderstandings and racial prej- promise, for example, in such enterprises as the udice. These conditions are difficult but they are Kingdom of God Movement in Japan; the Evan- not new. They are recurring symptoms of human gelistic Movement in Korea; the China for Christ failings. But there are remedies or one great Movement, and the evangelistic work of the Na- Remedy-if men are eager for a cure. tional Missionary Society of India.

There are many encouraging signs that the At home, in spite of the falling incomes, sac- sovereign Remedy is working. In the missionary rificial gifts for the missionary cause continue to situation there are spiritual awakenings in many pour into the treasuries. We cannot wonder that lands-as in China and Korea; among the gifts have decreased in amount but many are giv- Papuans in South Sea lands; in India among the ing more largely in proportion to their incomes caste Hindus of the Deccan; among the Moham- than they did in times of prosperity. Some mismedans of Persia; also in the Camerouns and sions have had practically no falling off in re- other parts of Africa, and in some fields in Latin ceipts; others have had much less decline than America. If we could see what is going on in is reported by commercial corporations. If we thousands of places throughout the world, we could see the inside of mission offices we could see would realize how powerfully God is working to how Board secretaries, church members at home transform lives. These facts are not always re- and missionaries abroad, have been making great ported in print but there are more wonderful sacrifices to continue the work with as little loss things taking place every day than anyone can in efficiency as possible.

know. There are also among the students and young It is encouraging to note the unselfish devotion people in America and England very encouragto Christ and the missionary cause shown by ing signs of a new religious and missionary awakthousands of humble Christians in America and ening. Many of these young people are out of Europe. The reaction to the Laymen's Commis- patience with some features of organized Chris- sion Report and the rejection of its theology, is tianity and are critical of the failures of the an encouraging sign. In every land earnest, in- Church and of Christians to carry out the Spirit telligent Christians have come out against these and teachings of Christ in political, economic and views of God and His missionary program. Note social life ; but they are ready for a real challenge the quotations from the mission fields, printed on to sacrificial devotion in a service that is worthanother page, in reference to "Re-Thinking Mis- while and under leaders that truly follow Christ sions." and inspire confidence.

Again we find strongly emphasized the su- A negative ground for encouragement is the premacy of Christ and the absolute need of all failure of false. ideals, erroneous philosophies and men for salvation through Him. Testimonies materialism on which many have relied. Chriscome from many fields to show the vital and last- tians are more and more coming to the conclusion ing results of Christian missionary work. Evan- that intellectual, financial, political and social [347 ]

strength and reforms are not sufficient; that men of Livingstone, Moffat, Judson, Duff, Hudson of all nations and classes need new life and light Taylor, Grenfell or Isabella Thoburn?

from the Spirit of God. There is today a new em- British parents of, education and character ap- phasis on the need for an unadulterated Gospel parently give more careful oversight to their of Christ, for evangelism-not shallow and tem- children's recreation than most American par- porary, but deep-rooted and lasting-an evangel- ents. The British Weekly publishes a list of chil- ism that means such a transformation of indi- dren's answers to the question, "What are the viduals as will transform their environment. loveliest things you know, persons not included?"

The problems, difficulties and disappointments The girls mention such things as the following: that we face each have a lesson to teach, so that Cool wind on a hot day; the scrunch of dry our dependence may be more completely on God, leaves underfoot; looking down from a hill; the our obedience to His laws may be more perfect, smell of rain; an organ playing; the moon in our estimate of values may be more clear and our the clouds. Boys' lists include: The feel of runsurrender to Jesus Christ as Saviour and Lord ning; a swallow flying; a mounted policeman's may be absolute. horse; the feel of a dive; a thrush singing.

Evidently it is possible to develop in children THE CHILD-MOVI.ES-MISSIONS an appreciation of beauty, power, heroic service and a sense of reverence for God. They have We may know what our children are taught at imaginations, shall they be used for good or for home and in Sunday school, and even what they evil? Boys who have been detected in crime and learn in day school, but what are they absorbing degenerate habits have acknowledged that their in the movies, in the literature they read, in the· impulse to steal, to kill, to impurity, and to vancontacts they make on the street, in other homes, dalism have been stimulated. by movies. In clasand during the summer? Are they learning re- sifying some 1,500 pictures Dr. Dale reports that spect for parents, regard for the rights of others, their chief emphasis is largely on crime, sex, reverence for God, the importance of self-control murder mysteries, and detective stuff. Over and the nobility of truth and life and purity, un- seventy per cent of these movies centered on selfish interest in other boys and girls, or are they crime, illicit love and drink. Boys report that in coming to covet free license, self-indulgence and the movies they have learned how to "make love," money, without regard for law, justice or true how to "get the drop" on a rival, and how to stage love? a hold up. Is it any wonder that property rights Children can be taught and inspired to admire are disregarded, that true love and fidelity are high ideals and loving service, or they can be left discredited and temperance is held up to ridicule? to drift on the rocks-to their own destruction Shall our children learn to imitate the criminal and that of others. A recent study has been made and the debauched or to admire missionary heroes by the Motion Picture Research Council as to the and heroines? influence of popular movies on children. These studies are being published by the Macmillan What changes would Christ make in amuse- Company with a summary by Henry James For- ments? Christian parents cannot reform the man. non-Christian stage, motion pictures or the dance; they cannot drive out crime or enforce chastity Many do not seem to realize the tremendous or honesty or total abstinence from strong drink; importance of early training or the influence of but they can surround their children with high the imagination on health of body, mind, morals ideals; by precept and example they can teach and religion. It is estimated that in the average obedience to the laws of God and man; they can weekly attendance of 77,000,000 at motion pic- uphold the noble characters and can endeavor to ture theaters in the United States, at least fill the lives of their children with the most 23,000,000 are under the age of twenty-one and wholesome education and recreation. The safe 12,000,000 are under the age of fourteen. Dr. and sane course-one that has proved its effec- Edgar Dale of Ohio State University.says that tiveness-is to lead children to Christ while they children of all ages attend the movies for two are young, to help them make contacts with hours on an average of once a week, about twice worthwhile people-personally or in books-and the time they spend in church or Sunday school, to enlist their interest in worthwhile pleasures if they go at all. Many attend movies two or and service-in partnership with their parents.

three times a week, or more, if they can beg, bor- An excellent opportunity is offered in mission- row or steal the money. This is a menace to ary hero stories. It would be interesting and in- health as well as to morals and interferes with structive to study the early training of some of other more beneficial recreations and with read- the outstanding Christian leaders of the world to ing. What would have been the result if modern· see what influences have moulded their ideals, movies had be~n a domjnant influence in the lives thejr choices, th~ir talents, their characters. The

1933J TOPICS OF THE TIMES

best Christian education is related to Jesus Christ tion, conciliation and international cooperation and His teachings and life, and to the work of but without its getting his country anywhere. It advancing His Kingdom. now takes something as extreme as Communism on the one hand or Nationalism on the other to A DIAGNOSIS OF GERMANY'S CONDITION appeal to him. German youth responds with ardor to Hitler's dramatic call: "Germany awake!" If Germany is passing through revolution. When, the nations had been willing to make a peace that therefore, one learns of atrocious suppression of bore any resemblance to the Sermon on the Mount, freedom or the high-handed abrogation of exist- there would be no menace of a Hitlerite movement ing forms of constitutional law, he should look to today. either Russia or Italy – not to England or the Some evil aspects of the Nazi movement even United States – for any adequate comparisons. the best friend of Germany cannot deny. The What the nature of the revolution will turn out to three worst features are an exaggerated psycholbe it is now impossible to predict, for it is still far ogy of nationalism, grounded in the absurdly naive from complete. In general, the men in power- notion of a "pure Germanic race"; a resulting with the exception of Hugenberg's conservative campaign of deliberate discrimination against the Nationalists-envisage a reconstruction of Ger- Jews; and a relentless attempt to crush all opmany in terms of a united people and a coopera- position through denial of freedom. tive social system which is very different from the The treatment of the Jews in Germany is un- Junker-aristocracy of pre-war Germany and at deniably a scandal. Occasional cases of physical the same time bitterly hostile to communism. The violence have been due, not to the action of the Nazi regime finds its strength in a popular mass Government, but to irresponsible groups of the movement of the lower middle class, a class im- Nazi "storm troops" who take matters more or poverished by the inflation of the post-war period. less into their own hands. Jews generally have The Nazis, however, are divided among them- been in a state 'of anxiety and uncertainty, feeling selves. Hitler and some of his friends are be- that they are living on the edge of a precipice. lieved to want a more moderate and conciliatory policy than is represented by Goring and Goeb- Far more serious, however, is the official policy of bels. The Nazi revolution means a pronounced ousting Jews from positions in public life, in the rebirth of German patriotism and a revival of universities, in the courts of law and in hospitals. This cold-blooded procedure is taking place on a hope in the country. Even liberals hope that it may be a blessing through arousing the spirit of large scale, including some of the most eminent the people. The basic appeal of Hitler lies in the scientists, musicians and other leaders. fact that millions of Germans, despairing of accomplishing anything by the democratic processes The defense which thoughtful Germans make for the anti-Jewish policy is that great numbers of Jews have flocked into Germany from Poland that have been followed since 1918, frightened by and Galicia and have overrun certain professions, the prospect of either national disintegration of a especially law and medicine. Three-quarters of communist revolution, have been eager for a the lawyers in Berlin are said to be Jews. As a leader who might save the nation from complete result of such competition, many of the young collapse. non-Jews who have been graduating from the We should also reflect that the Nazi movement universities have been unable to find professional is largely the outgrowth of the policies of the openings. The Germans further feel that Jews Western nations toward Germany since the war. represent an alien influence on the Germanic cul- A young German, who has just finished his edu~ ture and through their strong position in the cation, cannot find any place to work. He bitterly press, the movies, the theatre and literature, repudiates the implication that Germany was ex- make it difficult to preserve a clear consciousness clusively responsible for the war. He resents the of the distinct worth of Germany's historic loss of German territory, especially the erection of heritage. the Polish corridor, dividing Eastern Germany While the Jews and the communists suffer most, from the rest of the country. He perceives his the Nazis' iron policy of stamping out all dissentown nation forcibly disarmed while the other na- ing opinion falls heavily on many others, especialtions, instead of fulfilling their assurance that lyon Socialists and pacifists who have ever said a they would reduce their armaments correspond- word against the Nazi program. The complete ingly, keep on piling them up bigger and bigger. suppression of the trades unions throughout Ger- The reparations keep him smarting under the de- many is the latest example of the blind determinamand that both he and his children must pay toll tion to tolerate nothing that may prove an ob- for sixty years because of a war in which he had stacle to Nazi absolutism.

no part. He sees his government as having for The one institution in Germany today that has fifteen years tried to follow a policy of modera- not passed under the direct dominance of the Gov-

. ernment is the Church. The preservation of a lains, which is composed of representatives of the considerable measure of freedom for the Church communions in the Federal Council of Churches . appears to be due to the action of the present and others, under the chairmanship of Bishop Church leadership. When in Mecklenburg- James E. Freeman of the Protestant Episcopal Schwerirt the civil authority appointed a "commis- Church in Washington, D. C.

sioner of religion" to supersede the bishop and the The Chief of Chaplains has written to 1,400 church council in the administration of the Reserve Chaplains, in the hope that at least 150 Church, the leaders made a firm protest. The re- of them will offer to serve for six months. The sult was a revocation of the appointment. How . plan provides that one Reserve or Regular Chap- the churches will use the freedom from external lain will be attached to the staff of the commander control that they have thus far maintained re- of each of the nine corps areas which are divided mains to be seen. Within the Church a struggle into districts and groups comprised of ten of the to keep it from being completely identified with conservation camps. The chaplains in charge of the Nazi party is now going on. But it can at these camps will give personal religious ministry least be said that at the most critical moment, in such camps as his time will permit; will main- when it would have been easy to capitulate com- tain contact with all the camps in this group, ar- pletely, the Church had enough spiritual vitality range schedules of religious worship and act in to insist that it is something more than a mere advisory capacity to his district commander. The arm of the State. religious work will be carried on by volunteer Germany today is like a sick man with a high civilian agencies supplied either from churches in fever. In such a condition a certain amount of the vicinity or from more distant agencies.

delirium must be expected. Whether the delirium In addition to the service by the Reserve Chapis a passing phase which will cease with a return lains, it is expected that much volunteer service to a more normal temperature, or whether it will will be rendered by the ministers and the churches go from bad to worse is a question one cannot an- situated near these camps. The gratuitous servswer with any assurance. But for those of us ice of these volunteer clergymen and other rewho are outside of Germany it is important to ligious workers will be accepted for the camps as realize that her present abnormal conduct is not the requirements of such religious faiths not the mark of criminality but of a mental illness due otherwise provided for may arise. No approprito causes for which Germany is not solely respon- ation is available for this purpose, but transsible. One must not treat a patient as if he were portation to and from camp and board and lodga criminal. If one is in any measure to play a ing while at camps will be provided. healing role or even be a helpful friend, he must The General Committee on Army and Navy make a careful diagnosis of the illness and not Chaplains hopes that clergymen near the con- servation camps will take the initiative in offerjump to misleading conclusions on the basis of ing their services. * Dr. William R. King, General surface symptoms. That is supremely our duty Secretary of the Home Missions Council, is to as Christians in our attitude toward Germany to- cooperate with the Chaplain in Chief, the Reserve day. SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT.

Chaplains and with the General Committee on RELIGION IN CONSERVATION CAMPS Army and Navy Chaplains, in securing such help Unemployment is a serious matter to indi- from the home missionary executives throughout viduals and a menace to society. It is therefore the country.

an important movement that has led to the plan Provision is also being made for camp recrea- for mobilizing 275,000 men in 1,200 Civilian tions. Various social welfare organizations and Conservation Camps in the United States. It fs the Young Men's Christian Association are en- also an important step to care for the spiritual gaged in working out plans for civilian cooper~­ nourishment of these men. The General Com- tion in the interests of the physical and social mittee on Army and Navy Chaplains has offered welfare of the men.

its services in helping to provide such a religious While the camps cannot be used for sectarian ministry. The War Department, which has these or other propaganda they offer a real opportunity camps in charge, is deeply concerned with the re- for Christlike service and for personal work in ligious welfare of the members.· The Welfare winning these men to a higher life and to a real Regulations contemplate the use of Reserve Chap- religious experience in the name and spirit of lains on duty with this Corps and of volunteer Jesus Christ. civilian clergymen in the vicinity of the various camps. The Chief of Chaplains, Colonel J. E. * Information concerning th-e location of the camps in a state and Yates, has been in frequent conference with the General Committee on Army and Navy Chap- the name of the commander in charge of the area can be secured by writing to the General Committee on Army and Navy Chaplains, 815 Woodward Building, Washington, D. C.

Socialism and

-~ I By tho REV. JOHN Mcl)OWELL, D.D., Now y",k I Moderator of the General Assembly of the Ja.- Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

I N THIS article I am dealing with communism declare that the time has come for a new attempt and socialism as forms of religious thought. to organize human relations on a fairer and They mean many things. The words are used sounder basis-to lift mankind from the methods in many senses but the communism and socialism of a mob to the methods of an army. The comof which I am thinking are more than political munist and the socialist desire to see national and platforms or economic theories; each stands for a international life organized to another principle, creed, an inspiration, a program. To millions of namely, the principle of equality of opportunity, people, communism and socialism today are what Christian- "to every man his chance, to every man his work, to every ity is to the Christian-ways of Some believe that the great man his reward."

life, gospels of hope. struggle of the near future It is obvious that in all this Socialism and communism will be between Communism the communist and socialist are have made great progress in and Christianity. Both have seeking ends that are essen- recent years in all nations. a missionary passion. Both tially Christian. When St. Paul Their specific solution for the call for devotion of time, tal- saw human society as a body labor problem and the collective Bwenuotstrl,dCwoaminddme uinlniifsetmh. e,irwBipotrhtohgmraaamnrye. having many members, each ownership of land and capital performing its office for the is still in the process of doubt excellent features, is a human, life of the whole, when St. John , and debate, but the idea that social and economic theory, saw the new earth, wherein the service of society is better which promotes class hatred dwelt righteousness, what did than the service of self and that and is linked up with mate- they mean but just this – or- those interests which affect the rialism and atheism. Chris- ganization of human lives into welfare of all should be admin- tianity is a divine Way of Life an organic society where each istered not for private gain but that controls also human re- should be for all and all for for public good, and that the lationships under the motive each, and where the common welfare of the State is the of righteousness and love, and good should be the supreme 'health and happiness of people irsevdeeaflienditeinlyJreesluasteCdhtroisGt. odDars. motive of human action? -this ideal, which is the heart McDowell has made a life So far, the ends that com- of these theories, gains ground study of this subject. What munism and socialism seek are steadily. In dealing with any he says is illuminating and is ends that Christ came to make systems of thought we must based on experience of "Christ possible. As Christians we learn to look at them from two in the Modern World!' ought to judge every system of points of view: from the point thought by its wisest and not of view of the ends they seek, by its wildest. It is as unfair aI1-.d the methods by which they seek to reach these to judge communism and socialism by the reck- ends. lessness and foolishness of some of its advocates as Applying this, let us ask, first of all, what are it would be to judge Christianity by the utterances the ends sought? The communist and the social- of some of its unqualified representatives. Any ist look out on the modern social and industrial great cause is nobler than those who advocate it.

world and see it not as an effectively organized Many of the ideals of communism and socialism system but as a chaotic struggle that constantly are similar to the ideals of the Christianity of the tends to lapse back to the law of the beast. They New Testament. The communist and the socialist see men acting as though rivalry and enmity ex- claim to be the friend of the poor-does anyone pressed the natural relations of man to man, as deny that title to our Lord, Jesus Christ? The though it was a definite law that the prosperity communist and the socialist is the enemy of irre- of the few should only be purchased by the sacri- sponsible and predatory wealth – can they' say fice of the many. And seeing these things they anything stronger than such words of Christ as [351 ]

these: "How hardly shall they that have riches pounded by men and women who do sincerely beenter into the Kingdom of God ?" The communist lieve what they ?dvocate. As Christians we ought and the socialist believe that men are meant to be at least to treat their proposals with fairness and brothers, not enemi'es. Christ habitually empha- respect. sized brotherhood. We cannot in loyalty to our Master fail to ac- In view of these facts, and many others that cept as our ideal a society organized on the basis might be stated, why are we not all communists of love and service, or refuse to condemn the and socialists? To find an answer to this question ghastly alternative-a society based on force and we must look from the ends to the means. How greed. But what are we, as the representatives does communism and socialism expect to achieve of Christ, to say to the advocates of these other these ends? The answer to this is the reconstruc- theories? This we must say, if we are true to the tion of the machinery of social and industrial life teachings of the Scriptures, our textbook: ,that by appealing from the selfishness of the individual the evil that lies at the heart of the human race to the moral instincts of the whole body. is a moral and spiritual evil and will only be driven out by a moral and spiritual Conqueror. So Chris- Why Christians Are Not Communists tianity meets the social and economic evils of our time not with the prayer, "Renew right institu- While communism and socialism and Christian- tions about me" but with the prayer: "Create in ity are alike in that they are laboring for a new me a clean heart, 0 God, and renew a right spirit and higher social life in which all men and women within me." From the Christian point of view aJ)d children shall live better and happier lives, reconciliation of the individual soul with God, they are unlike in the position taken by each as to through the work and influence of the Holy Spirit, the relation of these individuals to society. Com- is the foundation upon which any effective transmunism and socialism expect society to make good formation of the individual or the nation or the individuals; Christianity expects good individuals, world must be built. This does not imply that by Christ's indwelling power, to make a good so- Christianity is indifferent to right living condiciety. Christianity assumes that it is impossible tons but that we have learned from experience to have a good sodal order composed of bad men. that right conditions are impossible without a Thus the point of attack, so to speak, in the case clean heart and a right spirit. Regeneration, of communism and socialism, is environment; in therefore, of the individual from the point of view the case of Christianity, it is the individual. It is of the Christianity of the New Testament is the always easier to attempt reformation by legisla- basis of all moral progress and enlightenment, the tion than by education and individual conversion. necessary first step toward every good, whether Communism and socialism say: "Make the eco- personal or public, social or political, commercial nomic man prosperous and the moral, the altruis- or religious. tic, the intellectual, the resthetic will inevitably be prosperous." History and experience prove that The Indivivdual and the Race good economic surroundings in themselves are in no way a guarantee of good or even contented Though communism and socialism get their men; as a working theory of life the teachings of Christ are not only more philosophical but more will programs translated into universal law, still the practical; "seek first the Kingdom of God and His social problem be found unsolved. Human righteousness" is the fundamental law for any social order that is to function effectively. It may' nature must be changed. It can be changed in the well be that a truly Christian social order will be -partially-socialistic. It is by no means clear case of the individual; that is the verdict of that a socialistic order would be Christian. But if not it will be a failure. abundant experience. It can be changed also in In a reconstructive system of social and indus- the nation and in the race; that is the verdict of trial life, by which the control of national industry is taken over by the State, every man will, it history. Until that is accomplished, little is done. is asserted, have his chance. Passions of greed and selfishness and envy are expected to have no The regeneration of society still waits on the rescope for exercise and to die out of human society. Now, it is futile for us to meet carefully consid- generation of the individual. The Kingdom of ered schemes like these with mere declamatory outbreaks. We must remember that calling names God comes only when men come into the Kingdom. is not argument. Here, at least, are suggested solutions for the diseases of the body politic, pro- The soul, not outward conditions, makes the man.

There cannot be a brotherhood without brothers, and there cannot be brothers apart from common Fatherhood through Jesus Christ.

History and experience prove that to feed the roots of life with the Gospel of Christ is the most effective preventive work, making the journey of life safest wherever men may go. Experience has proven that a heart made new through the love of Christ is the greatest preventive of crime and

COMMUNISM, SOCIALISM AND CHRISTIANITY

the chief assurance of adequate help wherever it Putting ten or ten thousand imperfect individ- may be needed. Philosophic and practical ma- uals side by side in a new communistic or social- terialism, touched with social enthusiasm today istic experiment will not necessarily free anyone contends that all that is needed to change the of them from his imperfections. Although we re- whole structure of human society – its domestic locate them in the social order or rearrange the conditions, its moral happiness, its civil institu- profits of their labor, the inherent personal defects tions and even its religious beliefs-is a reorgani- of everyone of them will remain to work havoc zation of its economic groundwork. The implica- as before. Social salvation does not lie in the re- tion is that circumstances make the Kingdom of arrangement of human units but in the regenera- Heaven; that manhood is the product of physical tion of human hearts. No one will deny that a conditions; that if we properly distribute material true human life must have an adequate material comforts, spiritual blessedness will become uni- basis, and worldly comforts enter largely into the versal; that if we effectively discourage large for- purpose and structure of civilization. But the ad- tunes, we shall make the misfortunes of the masses vance already made, even along these lines, has impossible; that to abolish poverty will create not been so much the result of any form of social holiness and happiness; and that a just division order or tendency to nationalism as it has been the of property would be the pledge of universal peace outcome of intellectual liberty and industrial and the source of infinite progress. freedom.

This contention is the dominant note of all com- Two things are everywhere needed today in munistic and socialistic literature which pours order to foster and hasten the progress of man- upon us in an ever widening stream. We have kind: a larger opportunity and a nobler incentive.

here not so much a narrow, selfish materialism as A chance to learn and to labor on the one hand, a socialized materialism. With the ardent de- and this the State must provide; on the other mands of the communist and the socialist, in gen- hand, a yearning for holiness, an ambition for eral, for the improvement of the conditions of excellence, a desire for perfection which carries human life, their impassioned condemnation of with it a joy in work and the habit of thrift, and numberless wrongs and endless inequalities; their these nobler incentives Christ must help to create.

loud and urgent protests against the havoc of With economic programs of all sorts the Church, war; their deep sympathies for those who toil- as an organization, should have nothing to do, but for these things every Christian must cherish a with the demands of communism and socialism hearty appreciation but many of us cannot accept for economic justice and its unquenchable deter- the remedies that they advocate or adopt their mination to secure for all, however humble, the philosophy of human life. In a large part of the rights and enjoyments of common humanity, the literature on these radical theories of the present Church should be profoundly concerned.

day, no account is taken of the real power and "I am ready to admit," says George Bernard glory of true individualism. There is no adequate Shaw (at one time a Socialist and at another a appreciation of the part played in historic evolu- Communist), "that after contemplating the world tion by individual motive and individual initiative. and human nature for almost sixty years, I see no A perfect human society can come into existence way out of the world's misery but the way which only as we have perfect individuals of whom it is would have been found by Christ's will if He had made, and to improve the individual by the reac- undertaken the work of a modern, practical states- tive operation of the grace of God in his heart is man. . . . Though we crucified Christ on a stick, the special task and the special glory of the Chris- He somehow managed to get hold of the right end tian Church, which so many earnest communists of it, and if we were better men we might try His and socialists do not see. plan."

CHRIST A NECESSITY Albert Schweitzer, physician, philosopher, theologian, author, composer and formerly organist of the Paris Bach Society, writing "On the Edge of the Primeval Forest," in his fever-ridden parish in Africa, says that daily, at noontime, when his comrades are sleeping, he nourishes his soul by studying in the field of civilization, philosophy, and ethics, seeking to find the mind of Christ for our age, or by playing some of the difficult fugues of Bach. He tells us that all experienced African travelers carry with them some solid reading and that the only men who can live under tropical conditions are those who feed the inner life. For Dr. Schweitzer, as for all questing, achieving souls, Christ is a necessity; He is no less nec- essary for those who live in the wilderness of civilization, with its whirring wheels and the awful pressure of its demands.-JoSEPH FORT NEWTON. .

Influence of the Church in the

By the REV. WORTH MARION TIPPY, D.D., New York Department of the Church and Social Service, Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America THE Church needs to ask searching questions control of the evils that surround them and the with reference to its relations to the social development of social opportunities in which they order and the larger life of the world. may find opportunity and joy. If we are good The point of departure in thinking on the prob- parents, and know God ourselves, we care also lem is absolutely fundamental. Shall we begin by supremely for the awakening of eternal life withasking, "How comprehensive is God's concern for in them.

human life and human society, and therefore, God created the heavens and the earth and sus- What is in His mind and pur- tains everything to the minutpose for the socia~ order? Or est detail by his inconceivable shall we ask, What is the point Does the world have more goodness and power. He feeds of view of the theology we have influence on the Church or the birds of the air and not one inherited?" A further question the Church on the world? All falls to the ground without His is more significant than may with Christian ideals realize knowledge; He clothes the seem at first consideration: that the Church is far from grass of the field; the very "Shall we expect to be guided the standards set by Christ. hairs of our heads are num- History makes clear that men ,wholly by the concrete patterns by wisdom have notdiscov- bered; He knows that we need of social thinking and social ac- ered God. It is the Christian food, clothing and shelter. tion which are found in the belief that God has revealed What could be plainer? Our New Testament, which were Himself and His Way of Life Lord himself did not limit His adjusted to ways and needs of to men. The Church is ideally concern to the soul. He spoke a far distant and primarily made up of men who have the parables of the Sheep and agricultural and monarchical been made new by the Spirit the Goats, and the Good Shepsociety, or shall we expect fresh of God and who are revealing herd. He fed the multitudes. guidance in the changed condi- God and are putting His ideals He conducted the first unprecetions of a present-day indus- for man into practice in all dented and passionate attack trheleactihoinesfhriepsspoonf sliifbei.lityWohfatthies trial civilization from the ever- Church in the world today- upon disease? Did He not in present Spirit of God, who, as in politics, business, industry, his insistence upon the dedicathe Apostle Peter said at Pente- amusements and moral train- tion of life to the more abuncost, is now 'poured out upon ing? Read what Dr. Tippy dant life of the masses, as exall flesh'?" says on this phase of "Christ pressed in the Good Shepherd, in the Modern World.." the washing of the Disciple's To ask these questions seri- feet, and the child in the midst, ously, and in the quiet of a dis- passionate mind from which the lay the foundations for the sozeal of controversial thinking ciety of the future which will has been cleared, will be for most people to answer inevitably make that object its supreme endeavor? them. In the first place it will settle, or ought to One may therefore speak positively, and with settle, the amazing controversy which has so long the confidence that it is a demonstrated fact as agitated the Church, to its immense discredit both plain as anything can be demonstrated, that God to God and man, as to whether the Gospel is a is concerned about every aspect of human life, message to the individual soul alone. That can- and is intimately involved in what is taking place not be the only concern of God for human life. around us in society-in honest government, in Our heavenly Father is infinitely better than we the correctioll of the vices which devastate huwho are fathers and mothers and who care for man life, in the mignificent conquest of disease by every aspect of the lives of our children-their medicine and public health organization, in popgrowth, their health, their food, clothing and ular education, in the understanding and control shelter, their play, their education, their mating, of natural forces and resources by science and intheir training for citizenship, their vocation, the vention, in the present breakdown of our acquisi- [354 ] tive society and the gradual building of a more dustries. It cannot and should not desire to take Christiim society, which has for its object the over education in a modern state. It has not the larger opportunity and true happiness of the resources for so vital an undertaking. The world masses, a society in which the strong and gifted plainly does not want these interests under the become good shepherds, after the pattern of the control of its ecclesiastics. Even in social work Master. the major undertakings in America have gone The answer to the third question, which was not over to the community-wide agencies and to public clear to most Christians fifty years ago, is now control. Under the stress of the economic depres- also clear. We have in the teaching and ministry sion private agencies, supported by private gifts, of Christ a timeless revelation of the principles have been shown to be inadequate, and the mu- and powers of the spiritual order of the world. nicipality, the State and the Federal Government In the New Testament these ideals were partially have been obliged to take up the tasks of relief.

interpreted to the world as it was, as men were What then can the Church do in the reconstruc- then thinking. The social imagery of the New tion of the social order, and what will be its place Testament was necessarily expressed in terms of in the future social order? As to the long future, kingly rule. They could have understood nothing nobody can know. Doubtless the future effective- else. Christ's metaphors and parables were drawn ness of the Church will depend upon the reality, from the field and the open sky, and not from fac- the unselfishness and the wisdom of the service tories and great cities. He did not touch specif- which it renders. In America it has still a large ically upon evils around him, such as slavery and measure of public confidence and regard; but it the aspects of current religious and social think- also has the handicap of its divisions, a disquiet- ing which they had no basis for understanding ing sense of unreality and futility in much of what and which would but drive men away, but He it says and does, and a growing impatience in the promised that the Spirit would lead His followers public mind over its theological controversies.

into all truth. On the Church's present function and oppor- The Imperative Need of ;the Hour tunity in the social order, and in barest outline, I offer the following conclusions.

A clear guidance by the Spirit of God in rela- After pastorates during a period of twenty-five tion to the problems of modern society is now the years in Indiana, Ohio and New York, in which I great and imperative need of the Church. We always organized the social teaching and minis- shall learn God's will in the present hour, not by tries of my churches as carefully as the spiritual turning to the theological thinking, even so recent work, and now after sixteen years in the field of as a generati.on ago, but by going directly to Christ the social relations of the Protestant churches in in the New Testament for a way of life and for the Federal Council's Department of the Church the secret of power, and then by studying what and Social Service, I say with the strongest pos- God is actually doing about us, and listening for sible conviction, that the Church's greatest pos- what He has to say to us in regard to the intense sible contribution to social well being, and to the movement of our time. revolutionary changes which are needed and are What then is now stirring the heart of the in progress about us, is the spiritual awakening world? That is a question of great importance. and nurture of each succeeding generation. What A few supreme objectives are: to make an end of the world most needs in its citizens is a conscious- wars; to lift the economic and social status of the ness of the presence of God in the life of the na- masses; to use the natural resources of the earth tion, the achievement of individual life lived under and the forces of the new technology in the inter- His eye and by His strength, the consecration of est of the common welfare; to recognize acquisi- personality to tasks of human welfare, and the tiveness and the selfish use of power as manifestly faith of great endeavor.

un-Christian, anti-social and shameful; to break Inseparably bound up with this. spiritual min- down racial and sectarian isolation and preju- istry is the need for moral teaching and discipline, dices; to bind the nations closer together in eco- which must begin in childhood but which must nomic, political and cultural understanding and never cease, and must be strong enough to give to sympathy; to break through theological and insti- society in each generation a controlling body of tutional unrealities and racketeering of religions unselfish, honest and public spirited leaders and into the pure air of the eternal Kingdom of God rank and file. This means not only a spiritual which, as Christ said, is free to all, like God's rain Church but a teaching Church, which sees clearly and His sunshine. and teaches faithfully the social implications of The problem of the Church is to find its rightful the Christian Gospel.

and effective place in the great undertakings of There follows a third function which grows out the hour. The Church cannot do everything. It of the fact that the Church is a great and univer- cannot run the government nor can it direct in- sally distributed agency: namely, that of cooper-

ating unselfishly in social effort. Everywhere and pitals, old people's homes, colleges or primary and in all lands the churches through their leaders secondary schools, without first surveying the should be actively working with the schools, the field and making sure that they are needed. Colaw, medicine, social work, organized labor and operation between our Protestant denominations the State itself, at the problems of social organiza- has advanced so far that such institutions should tion. I can see no sufficient reason why the be financed and used in common, unless a study Church should not enter freely into such collabora- makes it clear in a particular instance that this tion, at least in this land, or why it should not offer is not practicable. Parish social work should be its experience and points of view to public officials greatly developed. Every strong church having and legislative bodies; but it should never intrigue a staff should have a trained social worker to suor attempt to control candidates for public office. pervise the relations of the church to the social agencies and to develop the church's ministry of As to forms of social service, such as schools, kindness to the young, to the sick, to struggling hospitals, old people's homes, child caring agen- families, to the unemployed. Every Protestant cies, Christian centers among needy populations, church that has a right to exist should be deand parish social ministries, a few things can be veloped strongly as a seven-day-a-week neighborsaid with confidence. Church social work should hood center of religious service, friendship and everywhere be brought up to the standards of the social ministries. community agencies. The Church should understand and work with these agencies. It should Beyond these primary undertakings, guided lend its spiritual resources to them for the re- by these simple principles, and led by the Spirit habilitation of individuals and families. The of God, the Church will know what to do as the churches should not start new orphanages, hos- years pass, and new situations emerge.

THE CHALLENGING WORLD FACTS PRESENTED BY MISSIONARIES IN MANY LANDS "We have never had such opportunity to present Christ as Lord and Saviour as we have now. The Scriptures sell readily anywhere, any time, and high caste and low caste listen to the Gospel."-PREsIDENT A. A. PARKER, Leonard Theological College, Jubbulpore, India.

*** "I wish I could make America see the challenge in the Philippines! One converted Mo- hammedan in the Southern Islands said he could have one hundred Mohammedan children in every village in a Christian school if he had the teachers. We must not fail in this great opportunity!"-MRS. H. E. LYONS, Manila.

*** "We have a splendid opportunity for work among the neglected Batak people. The en- tire country of the Simahunguns, about 120,000 souls, is still deep in the darkness of heathen- ism. Until the Dutch Government took control of this district, cannibalism was practiced openly, so that human flesh could be bought in the markets. The chiefs are opposing Chris- tianity because the old heathenism formed the foundation of their power…. A woman in the village of one of the biggest chiefs said, 'We are tired of the ways of spirit worship.' Through the influence of missionaries, the people are beginning to be critical of their own customs. The time is here when this entire territory could be taken for Christ."-REV. A. H. PRUSS- NER, Sumatra.

*** "The evangelistic campaign was tremendously enthusiastic, and of those who came to the Street Chapel, at least 3,500, or one-fourth of the total attendance, stayed for a further dis- cussion of Christianity. Over one thousand registered as interested enough to ask for follow- up calls from the workers. Already thirty have joined on probation as a result of these meetings."-Report from Chu-Shihkou, China.

*** "The results (of the evangelistic campaign) are very encouraging, both as to the evangelistic enthusiasm of our workers and members, and as to the willingness of the non- Christian Chinese to listen attentively to the Christian message…. The Chinese are begin- ning to realize that the fundamental weakness of China is not so much a matter of organ- ization, but rather a lack of moral qualities on the part of the people as a whole, and that such moral forces can be supplied only through Christianity."-DR. WALTER W. DAVIS, Peiping.

A Mission in the Solomon

A New Testament Work Among Former Cannibals By PASTOR W. MALLIS, Sydney, N. S. W.

General Director of the South Sea Evangelical Mission T IKE most effective spiritual movements, this When the Australian Government ruled that L mission, now operating in the Solomon this form of labor on the sugar plantations of Islands, had its birth in a heart moved by Queensland should cease, Miss Young and her the Spirit of God, and yearning that the dark helpers followed the "Pillar of Cloud" as it moved places of the earth should to the Islands, and took up have the light of the Gospel. work on the Eastern Solo~ This yearning found expres~ mons where no evangelical sion in the life of Miss Flor~ mission was operating.

ence S. H. Young, who was In the year 1904 the Mis~ later ably seconded by Miss sion was reorganized, and Deck, and Dr. Northcote called the South Sea Evan~ Deck. gelical Mission with its head~ The thousands of South quarters in Sydney. Some of Sea Islanders had bee n the men converted in Queens~ brought into Queensland to land returned to their Islands open up the great sugar lands to lay the foundation of the of that State and the Holy Church there.

Spirit who laid the burden on The work is conducted on the heart of Miss Young also three large islands, namely, gave the plan that would Malaita with a population of meet the need and bring spir~ 60,000 ; Guadalcanar wit h itual results. 40,000, and Makira with The plan was to put first 12,000. Sin, ignorance, su~ things first-salvation before perstition, and cannibalism education or outward civiliza~ reigned supreme on these tion. The Word of God, with islands at that time and a dependence upon the Holy white man landed at the risk Spirit was the means used to of his life. It was virgin soil present Jesus Christ, cruci~ for the Gospel.

fied for human sin, and a The plan given to the Gos~ risen living Saviour able to pel pioneers was to attack save to the uttermost. this almost unbroken line of Those mixed multitudes of heathenism with the Word of laborers from the Pacific God, in dependence on the Islands spoke many different Holy Spirit. From the first languages, so that it was nec~ A HEATHEN WARRIOR OF MALAITA it was recognized that the essary to make use of the church should be self~sup~ widely spoken "Pidgin English." The Bible was porting and self~propagating. This was the prin~ the only textbook. Like a tiny rivulet, the work ciple adopted from its inception.

started with a small beginning and gathered The Solomon Islanders are extremely poor and power and volume as it went on its way until, in their heathen state are practically naked. They like a wide~flowing river, the work developed and live in miserable huts and their food consists grew to larger proportions. The result has been chiefly of taro, yam, and fish.

a large body of Christians, gathered from those After twenty-six years' labor 5,372 have been Pacific Islands, and there are "added daily such added to the church on the Islands, in addition as should be saved." to 2,484 baptized in Queensland. The converts [357 ]

A VILLAGE ON MALAITA standing of the use of tools, and inculcates the spirit of independence, helping to provide for are shepherded by three hundred unpaid native their support while in training. They purchase teachers who work under the oversight of a small their own Bibles and hymn books. All goes toband of missionaries. The Christians me_et for ward the building up of an independent church. worship and Bible instruction in hundreds of schools, erected and kept in repair by themselves. Teachers are not paid by the Mission so that our only hold over them is spiritual. The main- A central training school is conducted at One- taining of a high standard of spirituality creates pusu on the Island of Malaita, where there are an atmosphere where spiritual decisions can be usually 180 trainees undergoing a two years' made and where God can make His will known. course of Bible study. The object of the school is mainly threefold: 1. To teach the native to read When calls for teachers come from various the Bible; 2. To instruct them to teach others; parts of the Islands, these calls are laid before 3. To help them gather spiritual messages from the trainees for prayer. Since the Mission acthe Word. cepts no responsibility for their support, the Holy Spirit is free to guide the trainees in their re- They are taught to read by the simple "look sponse. A man will come and say: "God, He and say method," in the unit class system. One speak strong 'long heart belong me about this man teaches the other. Once a pupil has mastered thing-me go." On the next round of the Mission a lesson he begins to instruct another beginner. schooner, The Evangel, this man, with his wife In this way the teacher becomes more fluent, and acquires the art of imparting knowledge, so that MISSION SCHOOLBOYS DRILLING IN SOLOMON ISLANDS he is prepared to teach when he returns to his village. While in the training school all are re- and family, will be landed on the beach of the quired each day to do a certain amount of manual island from which the Macedonian call has come, labor, such as caring for the small coconut plan- and will find their way back into the bush and tation belonging to the school; building, and re- there begin their new labors. pairing houses, and making boats. This helps to keep them physically fit, gives them an under- It is not easy work. Food is short at first; fever often lays hold of them; they are intensely MISS JOA!N DECK ANiD NATIVES IN A CANOE OFF lonely away from their own people. Great is the NONOSILA. A SMALL ISLAND NEAR MALAITA heroism of those native workers! This system produces spiritual leaders who are accepted by the people. They are encouraged to handle diffi- culties, examine converts, and to take over the burden of church affairs.

The chief work of the missionaries is to encour- age native leadership and personal responsibility. Western money is not relied upon for the support and development of the native church. The ad- herence to this plan is sometimes difficult, but by prayer, and kindly explanation of the reason, we find that the church rises to meet this responsibil- ity. At times it would be easier to supply the money from foreign funds but the other method

ISLAND NATIVES HOLDfNG UP THEIR

SOME OI<' THE FOONDO CHILDREN OOMING FOR INSPEGTI'ON

produces much better results, with an independ- with them, and erecting little leaf huts for thement, aggressive, and happy people. selves and their families. The local church soon became too small for the crowds so that the peo- Native teachers, like the other Islanders, sup- ple pooled their resources and spent weeks in port themselves by cultivating gardens, while erecting a new meeting place to seat 1,400 people. they give morning and evening to Bible teaching. All this was contributed out of their great pov- erty, and in a district that has no resident mis- This plan for developing self-support needs sionary. The "big fella" church as they call it constant watchfulness, lest financial help from was planned and erected by themselves entirely outside, insignificant at first, shall produce fatal of material gathered on the Island, and without consequences. any supervision from the missionaries. It is an indigenous, self-supporting church! Conventions for the deepening of spiritual life are conducted annually, with teaching of what is The Mission Headquarters is "South Sea," Newington Rd., Stangenerally known as "Keswick teaching." It is re- more, Sydney, Australia. The Mission paper, Not in Vain, can be markable to see how responsible these Islanders secured from the secretary at the above address for one shilling, six are to these messages. At one center 1,200 peo- pence (50 cents) per annum. ple gathered for three days, bringing their food How They Preach in "Pidgin English"

T HE following lesson was given by a Solomon RICHES Island native of about seventeen years of age, who, six months previously had been "1. Riches no savey give life. No matter man steeped in the darkness of heathenism. get every kind something long this ground, they can't give him eternal life. They can't give man * * … blessing. You savey long this thing finish. "2. We can't take riches go with us time we Parable of the Rich Fool. Luke 12: 15-21 finish long this ground. Job say in .Job 1: 21, 'Time me born long this ground, me come naked, "Verse 15, the Lord Jesus say, 'Take heed and no anything me takeim come with me; and time beware of covetousness.' This mean, Look out, me die, me can't take anything go with me.' watch, so you no put money, feast and garden more high long heart belong you. And so to make "Riches belong to God; He want us to use you me everyone savey good fella long this thing, them for Him. Haggai 2: 8.

the Lord Jesus tell about one fella man. THE RICH MAN.

"16. One fella rich man have big fella garden "1. He work hard too much. This not wrong, where he carry too much fruit. because God been make garden belong him grow, "17. He think long heart belong him, 'Which but he sin because he keep everything for himway me do now? No more room he stop, yam self. He never think about giving to God-he house belong me full up finish. Where me putim never think to help nother man. yam, and fana, and altogether fruit belong gar- "2. He think he very wise; he think he savey den belong me?' more than nother man, but God say, 'you fool.' "18. Now he say, 'Me savey what something me do. Me pull down yam house belong me, and WHY HE WAS A FOOL me build one where he more big, and me put in- "1. Because he never think about God. He for- side fruit belong me.' get God been make garden belong him grow, and "19. And by and by me say, 'Too much tucker he talk all same man where he savey make somebelong me stop, for fitim plenty year; more bet- thing grow himself. He say, fruit belong me; ter me laze now, me eat plenty, me have good yam house (barns) belong me; goods belong me; soul belong me. (vs. 17-19.) time.' "20. But God say long tMs fella· man, 'You "2. He was a fool because he think he stop fool, tonight me ask you for soul belong you. long this ground plenty year, but God say, this night me wantim soul belong you. He think he N ow everything belong you, who he takeim?' "21. And everyone where he heap up every- need plenty yam house where they big fella too thing long this ground for himself, and he no much, but he only need a small fella grave. You me no savey what time God He say long you me, heapim up for God, he all same this man." 'This night me wantim soul belong you.' (v. 20.) *** "3. This lesson teach us we not think about "Now we think about meaning for heart belong riches and everything long this ground, but we you me long this lesson. live so we rich in good works. (1 Tim. 6: 18.)"

Youth'sjNeed of

By HARRY N. HOLMES, New York City Field Secretary, World Alliance for International Friendship Through the Churches," President of New York State Christian Endeavor Union C ONFIDENCE has always been character- bearings seem to have been lost; help, sympathy istic of Youth. Eager-hearted young life is and understanding must be given if they are to conscious that in some way it can abolish find deliverance. A college president declared the evils, eliminate the mistakes and build a world that in thirty years' experience in education no at once more beautiful and just. finer group of idealistic life had ever peopled the campuses of American universities. This is a It is exceedingly rare, however, for Youth in great tribute but the youth of today need help. any period of history to be brought faGe to face with such demoralization as There is need, in the first inexists today. It is growing up stance, of a fixed moral base.

to witness a colossal upheaval The fu!ture offers little hope In the confusion and perpleXiin the economic processes of the unless the present-day Youth ties, Youth needs to be reworld. They certainly had no -the leaders of tomorrow- minded of the abiding and perhand in creating the disastrous are won for Christ and pre- manent values of spiritual hismoral and financial heritage pare to carry out His pro- tory. Superficial things may now passed on to them. Glit- gram. The Youth of today change but great realities live tering promises were made to are out of patience with the on unchanged. When the life Youth for their sacrifices in the hefdaaiivelu~e.rceasuHsooefdwtyhecesatnperrdewaseeynctwotrhrraiecgch-t of men and nations is hurled these failures and prepare for war – and they have been un- a better world in which to into a welter of chaotic strife fulfilled. The generation suc- live and work? The answer a moral base is essential. There ceeding the Youth of the World is a better Youth-more in- is increasing hunger and yearn- War are plagued with post- telligent, more idealistic, more ing for something that will not poned hopes, unsolved prob- self-sacrificing, more virile. yield. This urge has led Youth lems and life commercialized to But Christians believe that in many lands to devote theman extent unknown in previous this·· can be attained only as selves to Nationalism as the years. A straight, clear path youth is brought into living thing that has not broken in for them seems impossible. fthelaltowHsehipcanwictharryChoriustt, Hsios their broken environment. Is They are a disillusioned army good purposes through them. there anywhere in the world a "clinging desperately," as one Read what Dr. Holmes says moral order that does not of the present-day need of writer suggests, "to the frag- Youth and how to satisfy change? What is a sure thing ments of their shattered dreams that need. on which to bank in a shaking with a gnawing hurt of defeat world? Is there a light that and an increasing sense of never grows dim? When gold futility." standards and moral standards Miss Margaret Bondfield, the are receiving terrible blowsfirst woman member of the what is the standard? Is there British Cabinet, speaking recently in London, a magnetic pole to correct the compass of life? used words of discerning power in picturing this Nineteen hundred years of history point to the sad story: "There is one section of the com- figure of One around whom all moral expediencies munity which needs our help more than any other were focused and who survived every conflict and -that large group of young unwanted life, those emerged the perfect and universal Redeemed. The verdict of the Jerusalem Conference deserves to who have left school and have not found a place be recalled, "Christ stands before men as plainly in the labor market." They are in danger of lo~- greater than western civilization, greater than the ing heart. It is small wonder that sometimes~·y Christianity the world has come to know. Men are rebellious, scrapping compasses and c rts who hitherto have not been won to His Church and even unshipping the rudder. The shad w of great realities is constantly upon them, ./stable find in Him their hero and ideal."

[361 ]

When life is adrift from moorings and storms can learn as it picks up the threads of world gov- crash, faith runs low or hope grows dim, the ex- ernment than the blazing words of Christ, "They perience of the centuries and of the present is that that live by the sword shall perish by the sword."

He holds steady and certain. He is an anchorage For the herculean task of making a brotherhood that has never failed. "He speaks the final word on this planet, Youth needs the assistance of Him about God and redeems my disordered life," says who is called "The Prince of Peace."

Dr. James Black of Edinburgh. To commend the It is unthinkable to imagine that the guidance faith of the years to the mind and heart of Youth of Christ cannot lead through the unchartered is the supreme contribution of maturity. Jean seas in front of Youth today. He is needed in Paul Richter sums it up in a thrilling sentence, 1933 as he was needed by that gallant band of "Christ, who being holiest among the mighty and Youth in the year 33. He did not fail them then.

mightiest among the holy, lifted with His pierced He will not fail us now. He brings conviction of hands empires off their hinges, turned the stream ultimate victory. The verdict of history coincides of centuries, and still governs the ages." with the verdict of experience that to know Him There is need 01 a herQ. Youth always responds is the gr·eatest need of the time-yes, of all time. To know Him is to find satisfying life and a blue to a call that is heroic. It always needs a leader print and a power for the service flowing out of who is able to inspire. Youth always makes its that life. hero its pilot. We agree with Principal Jacks that the greatest appeal to the heroic in history is' the figure of Jesus Christ. The chivalric in Jesus is POWER THROUGH PRAYER needed by Youth. Not to give Youth of our time this Christ is to rob them of the personality who We kneel how weak, we rise how full of power. when known personifies all their dreams of the Why, therefore, should we do ourselves this heroic. It was an American boy who penned the demand, "Give us a virile Christ for these rough wrong days." Or others-that we are not always strong; There is need 21 discQvery. Youth contacted That we are ever overborne with care; with Christ finds life crashing forth in music and That we should ever weak or heartless be, power. Only one illustration of this is necessary. Anxious or troubled, when with us is prayer, Follow the long and weary trail of David Livingstone as it crossed and recrossed Africa and then Such joy and strength and courage are with stand in respectful silence before his grave in Thee? Westminster Abbey and repeat the immortal tribute of Punch: *** The invisible bond of union between God and man, which is freighted with such wonderful pos- sibilities, and which brings to the suppliant such Open the Abbey doors and bear him in spiritual power, is what the Church needs today To sleep with kings and statesmen, chief and sage; more than anything else, if it would accomplish The missionary come of weaver kin, its divine mission in the world. But great by work that brooks no lower wage.

He needs no epitaph to guard a name *** Which men shall prize while worthy work is done. Power with men means first, power with God, He lived and died for good – be that his fame; and implies an intimacy of relationship only pos- Let marble crumble – this is Livingstone. sible to those who often seek His presence, and confide to Him their joys and sorrows, their That superb eulogy and the character it en- doubts and perplexities, their desires and their shrined was possible only because a youth discov- needs.

ered Christ. There is somewhere in the United *** States or elsewhere a youth who needs Christ that he may save our generation. If half our working time were spent in prayer, we might look for results more than double their There is need of Christ for guidance in the present value. In the bustle and hurry of life, larger relationships of life. He gave a flaming we might find it hard to drop our tasks and with- and vivid emphasis to the fact that God was our draw for a quiet hour in "the secret of His pres- Father. The result of this interpretation was to ence"; and yet we read that Luther, in the very disclose that all men are brothers. Life is to be busiest period of his busy life, said, "I have so hallowed by the filial spirit and become powerful much to do, that I cannot get on without three in the consciousness of a universal fraternity. hours a day in prayer." Christ thought it not Brotherly love is instinctive with Him. He has lost time to spend whole nights in prayer, and if set before the world enduring peace as a goal of prayer were necessary for Him, how much more history. There is no more important lesson Youth is it for us?

A Bible Society in Spain in the

Century* -'~1l==11 ===-o!I11~ =BY=AAR.AU=GJAORC=IA I T SEEMS quite natural that in England, a This purpose of realizing the impossible is the country well known for its love of the Bible, most salient trait of the work of translation in many Bible Societies should have originated. all times. From a Morrison in China, or a George But could there have been in Spain a Biblical Eliot among the Redskins, all translators have press, altruistic and generous, long before Bible struggled with almost insurmountable difficulties.

Societies originated in other countries? Hostile peoples, lack of dictionaries, unjust preju- In Spain, we are forcibly impressed' with the dices, ignorance and savagery, even to the point three centuries of religious darkness in which of forcing the translators to create an alphabet our native culture, the love for the Book of books and to teach the people to read, all this was con- and other good qualities of our race, perished al- quered by the same faith as was practised by most completely. Casiodoro de Reina. How happy he would be to Jumping over this ominous period, as Fray see that one society today has on its lists 655 lan- Luis de Leon used to jump over that of his incar- guages and dialects of which the Holy Scriptures ceration, repeating his classic phrase, "Let us say have taken possession.

… yesterday," we may link up the present work *** of the Bible Societies with some details given by They also had "revisions" in those times of our Cipriano de Valera, in the Prologue of his edi- Spanish evangelical heroes. Cipriano de Valera tion of the "Reina Bible" of 1602. Here we meet was the very discreet reviser of Casiodoro's trans- the characteristic traits, on a small scale, of a lation. To this he chiefly owes his imperishable modern Bible Society. Phrases of the illustrious fame, as editor and reviser of Reina's Bible.

reformer may serve us as texts for the different Editing and revising is not an easy job. Let us parts of a review of the work of today. hear Valera: "Casiodoro de Reina, moved by a pious zeal to "The labor which I have undergone in order advance the glory of God and of doing an out- to bring to light this work has been very great standing service to his nation, and coming into and has taken a long time. . . . I was fifty years the land of liberty to speak and treat of the things old when I began this work and in this year 1602 of God, commenced to undertake the translation in which God granted me to print it, I am seventy, of the Bible which he finished." an age in which the natural strength diminishes, With Reina, Encinas and Juan Perez, we have memory grows sluggish and the eyes become dim.

the body of the translators of the embryonic So that I have spent twenty years upon it. I con- Spanish Bible Society. Although Encinas and sider this time and effort was well spent. My in- Juan Perez showed an ardent faith in making tention was to serve my God and to do good to my their translations for Spain, it was a movement nation."

of "hope against hope," which induced Casiodoro To print in a foreign tongue a voluminous work de Reina to busy himself with so great a labor without any cooperation from a Spaniard at an as the translation of the Bible after the principal advanced age, required patient and slow labor.

autos de Ie of Sevilla and Valladolid (in 1559 and How many times divine aid was absolutely neces- 1MO), which destroyed all likelihood of religious sary to complete some editions of the Bible which reform in Spain. His faith was more than re- the public receives as achievements that might paid, not only in the use subsequently made of almost have been done of themselves! The nam~ his translation, but in the thousands of copies of Valera, as reviser, should be associated with the which have been printed in modern times for the names of Lucena, Palmer, Jameson, Pratt, Rule, whole world of Castilian speech. Cabrera, Tornos, Fliedner and others whose works adopt the form of new translations. All • Translated from Espano Evangelica by Dr. C. Theodore Benze, have contributed to the ideal Castilian version of Philadelphia.

[ 363 ]

whose original will ever be the work of our resent. In 1932, the twenty colporteurs of the brethren of the sixteenth century. The Commis- British Society sold 7,624 Bibles, 6,621 Testa- sion of South Americans and Spaniards, meeting ments and 139,122 portions. The Society has in Puerto de Santa Maria and in Madrid, have some 1,000 colporteurs in the world. As the hu- given us the Spanish-American version of the man heart is very much the same everywhere, we New Testament, which is daily being more ap- are sure that if these colporteurs could speak with preciated. each other without the barrier of language even In Valera's Prologue we read: "Thus in the the most distant countries could understand each year 1569 he (Casiodoro de Reina) printed 2,600 other and find much in common as to their ex- copies, which by the grace of God, have been car- periences.

ried into many regions, so that today there are *** hardly any copies left, if anyone should wish to Likewise in the Prologue of Valera we meet buy." the review of spiritual results, proper to the These 02,600 copies of the Bible, together with memories of a Bible Society. How great, how some thousands of copies of the Testaments of noble are the words of the reformer!

Juan Perez and Reina, form the whole circulation "In our Spain very many scholars, very many of the Scriptures in Castilian for forty or fifty nobles and illustrious people have gone for the years. Today in the same country which drove same reason to the auto-da-fe. There is no city, out Reina and Valera by its intolerance there have and no town nor place, there is no noble house been sold in one year alone (1932) 14,791 Bibles, in Spain which has not one or more whom God 18,173 Testaments and 225,849 portions. in His infinite mercy has enlightened with the The data of the British and Foreign Bible So- light of the GospeL"

ciety raises the total number published to 1,889,- We feel compassion for those who suffered so 000 complete Bibles, 2,000,000 New Testaments, much. Valera sees principally the privilege and 11,000,000 portions, to a total of 15,000,000 which they enjoyed from knowing the Word, the copies in Castilian. "infinite mercy" of God toward them.

A Colporteur and Martyr At present the result of reading the Bible is great. To it the evangelical churches scattered There was also a colporteur, and what a col- over Spain owe their being. The Bible has en- porteur! If we were to name a patron saint of tered in many places before the missionary, the colporteurs, it would be Saint Julian Hernandez, evangelist, the pastor, the teacher. The Bible has the martyr. remained in the hands of those who cannot keep "Julian Hernandez, moved by the zeal of doing with them either a pastor or any guide. But it good to his nation, carried very many of these has perhaps also the invisible fruits which are Testaments and distributed them in Seville in the greater. How many in Spain have been consoled year 1557." by the reading of God's Word! How many have All the characteristic traits of the ideal colpor- seen a Christian faith strengthened which vacil- teur were found in him. Love for the Bible, pa- lated under the attacks of unbelief or under the tience, skill, genius, perseverance, heroism, self- censure of those called religious! How many have abnegation even unto death. The cleric, who found moral strength to resist temptation, when pretended to hear his confession, pronounced in- they could find help nowhere else! Who knows voluntarily the greatest praise of the brave Julian if Spain has not escaped more promptly the lean- when he said, "0 Spain, ruler and mistress of the ing toward scepticism on account of the three nations, but in this moment perturbed on account million Biblical volumes circulated in the second of one single little man! Let him die! Let him half of the past century! The work of the Bible die !" This cleric did not remember that of the has been great among those who are not openly Apostles too it was said, "They disturb the evangelical. The colporteurs have found many world." 0 volumes in permanent use and preserved with a Julianillo has some 20 successors in the Spanish singular reverence.

Agency of the British and Foreign Bible Society, Enemies of the Bible and perhaps as many others among the other per- sons and missions in Spain. Year by year the Valera also speaks of the enemies of the Bible.

Spanish Agency publishes a leaflet telling of its There have always been such, and always will be, adventures, struggles and victories. since it is the Book of God.

Julianillo, whose capture by the Inquisition was "Our adversaries have done as much as they due to his zeal for the extension of the Word, could to quench this light of the Gospel and have since he gave a New Testament to a blacksmith offended with deprivation of property, life and without the precaution then necessary, might honor very much in Spain. It must be noted that understand what these figures of colportage rep- the more they insult, the more they flog, the more

A BIBLE SOCIETY IN SPAIN IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY

they dress up as penitents in the Inquisition, printing the Word of God. Others also collabo- force to the galleys or into perpetual prison, or rated. Today this want is reflected in the present burn, so many more multiply, since the blood of evangelical Christians of Spain, who have con- the martyrs is the seed of the Church." tributed during the last few years about 10,000 This paragraph is mysterious for having been pesetas annually to the Bible work.

written or published in 1602 when the groups of Although it should not be so, since the Society Reformed in Spain seem to have entirely disap- works to the advantage of the most general Chris- peared. The last auto-da-fe, in which "Luther- tian interests of the nation, there can be expected ans" appear, was in 1561, forty-one years before only from the Evangelicals today the sympathy this paragraph appeared. Without doubt the and collaboration which such a work necessitates.

evangelical movement was buried but· not dead; The smallest gift of no one will be refused, if it and when the Reformed congregations disap- is the evidence that it is given by him who loves peared in Spain, others, composed of migrated or the Word of God and desires it spread. God make fugitive Spaniards, formed in foreign lands. In us worthy of a past so evangelical and so glorious!

1622 and 1625 there were still published editions NOTE: of the Bible or the New Testament for the use of EARLY SPANISH TRANSLATIONS OF THE BIBLE the Reformed, and then came the great period of 1. Castilian Version of 1543, by Paul de Enzinas. Has been silence, hardly interrupted, by an edition in 1807 printed by the British Bible SOGiety. and not finished until well along in the nineteenth 2. Juan Perez, New Testament, 1556. The Old Testament transcentury. lation was made by Jewish scholars and revised and published by In the Prologue we have also a passionate ap- Cassiodoro de Reina in 1569.

peal to Spaniards to read the Bible. 3. The preceding revised by the Reformed theologian, Cyprian "Do you see here, Spaniards, how our Spanish de Valera, 1602. This became the authoritative version for Spanish Protestants. have kindled two torches of evangelical light? (the Polyglot Bible of Cisneros and its second edi- 4. Felille Scio de San Miguel. This was relleatedly llrinted by the British Society ever since 1828. It did not prefa,ce the one of Valera. which remained until a few years ago the most accepted version and was regularly printed by the British Society.

5. Revision of Valera, published in 1916 by the British Bible So- Ciety for the American Bible Society.

6. Revision by Spanish Protestants, mentioned in the article.

tion produced by Benito Arias Montano). Now there is another of your Spaniard's lights, the FACTS ABOUT THE BIBLE third (the Bible of Casiodoro), which while it will not enlighten the whole world will at least The first book printed from movable metal enlighten our Spain. Therefore do not resist the type was the Latin Bible in the year 1455. Holy Spirit. Do not extinguish the light with which God wants to enlighten us. Make use of The first Bible printed in America was in the this work for the glory of God and the salvation Indian language in 1663 by John Eliot. of your souls." The first English Bible printed in America was In this same spirit the Bible Societies exert in 1782. themselves today, not to do a foreign work, but to preserve to the Spanish their own version and The Bible is now printed in 900 different lanto promote others which they themselves prepare. guages and dialects, representing the speech of With anntmncements in the press, with special nine-tenths of the population of the world. efforts in the Week of the Book, with splendid campaigns by the colporteurs, the Bible is recom- In the thirteenth century a Bible cost as much mended to our people as their greatest treasure, as the earnings of a laboring man for fifteen as the Light with which God wishes to enlighten years. Today the entire Bible may be obtained for sixteen cents, and the New Testament for six them. cents.

*** The Bible contains 3,536,489 letters, 773,093 words, 31,173 verses, 1,189 chapters, and 66 The Prologue of Valera does not lack the part books. The 66 books were written by about 40 which is usually devoted to the material resources men during a period of about 1,600 years. necessary for every work. The 39 books of the Old Testament are classed as: Law, 5; History, 12; Poetry, 5; Prophecy, 17. The 27 books of the New Testament are "This Bible was printed with the aid and as- classed as: History, 5; Epistles, 21; Prophecy, 1.

sistance of pious people. I have stated this in Ezra 7: 21 contains all the letters of the alpha- order that the remembrance of them might be bet except "j." eternat and that others following their example The middle verse of the Bible is Psalm 97: 8.

might be busy with similar works of piety." About 30,000,000 copies of the Bible or New Surely English and Flemish money was put Testament are printed and distributed every year.

into this undertaking, which we might name the The Bible is. a divine Book and from its pages Spanish and Foreign Bible Society, but a large God speaks to man.

part of the outlay came from Spaniards. We Christ is the center of Scripture, its one central know that Juan Perez and Casiodoro had help in preeminent theme.-Exchange.

Zeal

By the REV. WALTER C. ERDMAN, Germantown, Pa.

CERTAINLY Pak Bright Stone was a Chris- down the dipper, the rope of braided straw was tian. Very clearly could be remember the stiff with frost and slipped from her fingers. first time when he heard the preaching of Lurching forward to grasp it she slipped on the the "Jesus Doctrine" as he sat on the smooth ice and slid feet forward into the well. It was wooden planks of the narrow shelf-like platform not deep and the water reached only to her waist which served as a verandah in front of the vis- but it was cold and uncomfortable. itors' room in the two-roomed thatched house of Kim the miller. Some foreigner from beyond the "Father of Bright Stone! Father of Bright sea had told of the coming of a Saviour into the Stone!" she yelled shrilly. "I have fallen into the world. Peace had come into Bright Stone's heart water and am about to drown. Save me! Save as he listened and believed. He couldn't explain me!" why, but it gave him peace to believe. So he went again to the miller's house on worship days Bright Stone's father dropped the fork with -once in seven-and on the midweek Fourth Day which he was mixing fodder-mash for the family too, even though the miller's house was in an- ox and came running across the courtyard. He other village ten li from his own home. could not locate the cry at first.

Pak Bright Stone obeyed the teachings as he "Where have you died?" he shouted. learned them. He kept the Lord's Day free from "In the well. In the well. I shall die," came unnecessary work. He learned to sing from the the muffled answer. Praise Book. He learned to pray. He tried to Bright Stone's father rushed to the well and live a life of love and service. He was kind to a peered down. Then he lay on the flagstones and leper waif whom the village boys were pelting leaned over the edge but suddenly losing his balwith turnip ends. He was eager to pass on the ance he slipped on the brink of the wide-mouthed Word to others. The young man was only eight- well and splashed down into the water beside his een but his father and mother depended upon him wife. Thrashing about in the water he scrambled for the future. He was an only son and dutiful to his feet and tried to climb out but the stones as only sons were dutiful in the days before the were too slippery. tides of youthful independence swept around the "Bright Stone! Bright Stone! You fellow! Where are you?" he shouted. Bright Stone hearing the cry pushed open the world and weakened the bonds of filial piety even door of the room and leaped into the courtyard. in Confucian communities. He was dutiful to his Finding a roll of straw rope in the ox shed he parents not merely because of Confucius' five ran to the brink of the well to let it down. Then rules of propriety but because "Honor thy par- he paused and if you had judged merely by his ents" was a Christian teaching too. And yet words you might have thought that his filial piety Bright Stone was worried about one thing. His had suddenly deserted him. Leaning carefully parents refused to join the growing group of over the mouth of the well until he could see his Jesus' believers that met at Kim the miller's parents' heads about six feet below the edge he house. Exhortation failed; argument was use- called down, "If I pull you out will you become less; pleading brought no result. The old way Jesus-believers ?" had served them through the years, they said. Why should they change now? "You boy! What kind of business is this! You rascal. See your father drowning and your Winter came with its frosty mornings. A mother freezing to death and stop to preach! sprinkle of snow was on the yellow thatch where Since the world began was there anything like it? the scarlet peppers had been drying. The pools Pull us out you rascal!" in the rice fields were frozen and ice formed when water spilled on the flagstones around the mouth "You have fallen into a well and can't get out of the courtyard well. There was no curb to the without help. It's the same way with sin. Only well and its mouth was open and treacherous. Jesus can get us out of it. Will you please be- Bright Stone's mother came in the early morning lieve?" said Bright Stone politely. to draw water for the rice kettle. When she let "Believe! Believe! If I could get my hands on you, you low fellow! You whelp without par- [366 ]

PRESENTING CHRIST TO THE JEWS

ents!" roared the elder Pak, not intending to be "If I don't drown and freeze first," she said literal and forgetting in his rage that under the through chattering teeth. "Now pull us out." circumstances the Korean phrase or vilification might seem to backfire! So Bright Stone pulled his parents from the well, and they kept to their agreement. This was "I am greatly ashamed of myself," said Bright the beginning of their Christian life, for they be- Stone with becoming humility, "but it appears to came true believers in Jesus' way. me that you can understand now, that men do need to be saved sometimes. Will you go to *** church with me next Lord's Day? Hurry up and decide before I slip and fall in too." "I don't like your evangelistic methods," said a critic to a well-known preacher in America. His father gazed upward in amazement, suddenly realizing that the boy was in earnest. "I don't like them either," was the unexpected reply, "What methods do you use?" "I will believe," he said sullenly. "You too, mother," said Bright Stone, "will "I have none," said the critic. you go along with father?" "Then I like mine better than yours," said the evangelist whose name might have been Bright Stone.

Presenting Christ to the Jews By the REV. DAN B. BRAVIN, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Superintendent of the John Legum Memorial (Lutheran) T HE Duke of Wellington was once asked as (2) Moral Obligation. The philosophy of to the advisability of Christian missionary ethics teaches that if one believes that he has light enterprise. Soldier-like, the Duke tersely re- that another has not, he is under moral obligation plied: "What does your Marching Orders say?" to make that light known. He has no right to Noone can read the New Testament without force his views on another, nor is the other under being impressed with the directness of the com- obligation to accept them, but he must place the mand of giving the Gospel to the Jews. In all information he claims to have at the disposal of the activities of the Master and His disciples the his fellow men. On that principle, we are morally Jew came first. It took the disciples some time responsible to make the Gospel known to the Jews to discover that the Gospel was also for the Gen- in our midst.

tiles. With the Saviour born of a Jewish maiden, (3) An All-Inclusive Gospel Must Be Devoid the Apostles men of the Jewish race, the Bible of Discrimination. Who are we to limit our written by Jews, the sweet singers of the Psalms Master's Command? There is no spiritual or Jewish poets, and the Jew of today recklessly dis- moral warrant for such action. There was a time inherited of all this precious heritage, how can when Christians excluded the Jews from God's there be any serious question as to what the redemption plan because they were considered too Christian duty is to the Jew! bad. Now there are some Christians who would There are other reasons why the Gospel should exclude them because they are "as good as we be given to the Jews. are." So, the Jew suffers either way. The (1) Loyalty to Christ. No one has forced us Christian way is to discriminate against none in to be His followers. We might have rejected the presentation of the Gospel.

Him; but we did not; we chose to be His follow- (4) The Jew Needs Christ. As a Jew ers. We even pretend to love Him. Loyalty, then, acquainted with the "inside" of Jewish life, I demands that we obey His command that we state unhesitatingly that the Jew today is in should make every effort to tell the Jews of the greater need of Christ than he is of Palestine or Good News, to win them to Christ. If that is any other material advantage. His mental facul- proselytizing it is the glorious privilege of the ties have outraced his spiritual assets. He is Christian Church to teach and proselytize all na- clever, sharp, shrewd, but lacks the Christian tions. The work of the Church is not finished grace that tempers mental shrewdness. And that until that is done. Proselytism, rightly under- causes the Jew inestimable suffering. He is stood, is one of the most beautiful words in the shunned even. by those who profit from his Christian vocabulary. It is the glory of the shrewdness. Judaism does not possess the spir- Church, despite the statement of "liberal fanat- itual power Christianity offers the Jew; it has ics" to the contrary. lost its hold on the Jew. Judaism, as understood

by the masses of Jewry, is a relic of the past. The Bishop of China. He was a remarkable Christian.

voice of its ancient rabbis has lost its clarity; it There is a whole galaxy of names that might sounds to the modern Jew like the voice of an old be mentioned of preachers, teachers, authors, heavily-used gramophone record. It is an an- singers, missionaries. Men whose worth was rec- achronism. ognized by their respective denominations by hon- Rabbi So-and-so and Mr. – – may seem to be oring them with moderatorships, bishoprics, to famous religious leaders in Jewry. Yes; there say nothing of honorary degrees. There is no are a few, but they are the fruit of Christianity other mission field that yields such Jjch fruitage rather than Judaism. They are men who drank as does the Jewish mission field.

at the fountain of Christian civilization and en- (7) Communal Responsibility. As it is impor- vironment. They have accepted the fruit of tant for members of a family living under one Christianity without accepting the Root. roof to have similar standards of life, so it is for (5) The Church Needs the Jew. If it is true members of a community living under one flag.

that the Jew needs the Christ it is equally true In a land where Jews and Gentiles have equal that the Christ needs the Jew. The reason why rights it is important that they also have an equal after 1,900 years we still have the vast Moham- appreciation of the religious values. Where such medan and heathen fields is because the Church values differ it often leads to misunderstanding, chang~d the order "to the Jew first and also to animosities and clashes. The Name of Jesus, holy the Gentile" to the Gentile first and also–some- to Christians, is unholy to Jews. The Sunday- times only as an afterthought-to the Jew. The Sabbath, cherished by orthodox Christians is pro- Church needs the zeal, the oriental mind, the per- faned by orthodox Jews. Bible reading in schools, sistence, the wealth, the solidarity of the Jew. advocated by Protestant Christians is fought This powerful group in our midst should be for against by "protestant" Jews. Are the Jews bad us instead of having it against us. What a citizens? No, indeed not! But they are non- strength, what a blessing Israel can be, and yet Christian and often anti-Christian. And the will be, to humanity when it is touched with the solution to this problem is in evangelization of Spirit of Jesus! the Jews. When they receive an equal apprecia- (6) Some of the Greatest Converts to Chris- tion of our religious values they will become tianity Are Jews. We need not go back to the guardians over the things we cherish. Surely days of Saul of Tarsus who became the mighty 500,000,000 adherents of Christ ought to have Apostle to the Gentiles. We shall take for our some influence over 4,500,000 Jews. If our example Jewish converts of the immediate past. Christianity is false, let us get rid of it; if it is (We advisedly avoid mentioning names of Jewish true, let us propagate it.

Christians still living.) Here are some giants of As to how Christians should give the Gospel the Church who have made rich contributions to to the Jews, it is not easy to state. The best way our Christian faith by their acceptance of Christ: is the natural way. Let each Christian witness Theologian and Author, Alfred Edersheim. to his Jewish friends and neighbors. Then in- There is hardly a pastor's library without the vite them to church or Sunday school. Have a books of Edersheim. Someone said, "If one were spiritual conversation with him concerning the to own but one 'Life of Jesus,' it should be Eder- claims of Christ. Present him with aNew Testa- sheim's." ment and Christian literature if he does not al- Church Historian, Johann Neander. Of him it ready possess it. Prayerfully and persuasively is said that "He was the father of modern Church they can be won for Christ and His Kingdom.

history, a child in spirit, a man in intellect, a I especially urge churches to include the Jew in giant in learning, and a saint in spirit." their program. The church is not a club of Chris- Composer of Sacred Music, Felix Mendelssohn. tians; it is a spiritual hospital for the maimed When we enter our churches and the organist and wounded and spiritually undernourished. The plays a prelude to prepare us for the atmosphere Jew in the parish comes under those categories.

of worship, is there anything to equal Men- A special invitation and an evidence of welcome delssohn's works, his psalm, his Oratorios of St. will bring him to church.

Paul and Elijah? Lastly, there should be intensive and extensive Painter of Biblical Subjects, Edward Bende- work done through missions sponsored and di- mann. His "Three Wise Men," "Fall of Jerusa- rected by some accredited church body. The mis- lem," and "The Jews Led Into Captivity," are sion should have as its aim the presentation of world famous. Christ to the Jews in a dignified way. Buildings, Missionary, Isaac Schereschewsky. This man· staff and literature should be of such type as to spent a lifetime in China. Translated the Bible command attention and respect from the Jews in into the Mandarin language, established a college the neighborhood. Where there is a will to do and seminary in Shanghai and became Episcopal the work the way to do it will soon be discovered.

Reactions to "Re–Thinking

Missions"

Quotations from Letters and Periodicals from the Foreign Mission Fields, Relating to the Laymen's Appraisal Report HUNDREDS of letters, reviews, articles and Gospel so as to lead all who will to accept and follow editorials are coming from the foreign mis- Him as Lord and Saviour. sion fields, concerning the Report of the Laymen's Appraisal Commission. Some of these 2. Disregard for the finality of Christ as the reveare even more valuable than the Report itself for they reveal the real heart of the missionaries, lation of God and the authority of the Christian mestheir ideals, their devotion to Christ and the ac- sage. tual results of the missionary enterprise. All of these missionary writers wel- 3. Departure from the Bible teachings as to sin and its results, the Cross, the atonement, and eternal life and death.

4. The omission of reference to the Holy Spirit and His relation to regeneration, guid- come the constructive sugges- ance and power.

tions and many of them point It is worth while to read these 5. Approval of sympathetic fel- varied missionary views of lowship with non-Christian reout the helpful recommenda- the Laymen's Report. Some ligions in the search for truth. few mission'aries accept it al~ tions. Among these are the most as it stands; others are 6. Subordination of the evan- strongly opposed to its basic gelistic purpose in educational and following: ideas as to the aim, message medical work. and methods of Christian 1. The need for closer coopera- missions. All welcome candid 7. The organic union of mistion among missionary agencies, criticism, acknowledge many sionary agencies at home into one for less emphasis on sectarian weaknesses and failures and great superboard. differences, and the elimination of pray for better results. It is overlapping and "overlooking." wonderfully encouraging to This Appraisal Commission's note the general loyalty of 2. The selection of the best Report has been so subsidized possible men and women as missionaries. There is, however, a as to make it available to studeference of view as to the most dents in a 25-cent paper ediimportant qualifications. tion and to missionaries either 3. The building up of stronger, more independent Nat ion a I the missionaries to Christ and free or at a greatly reduced Churches, with more equality be- the Bible as the heart and price. Efforts are being made tween National Christians and charter of Christian missions. to present the findings to missionaries. Many pamphlets have ap~ 4. The union of some educa- peared to show the funda~ groups in all churches, educa- mental weaknesses of "Re~ tional institutions and mistional and other institutional sions. It has thus become a work, and centralization with a Thinking Mission&/' These propaganda for the philosophy view io improved standards and quotations will help make and missionary ideas presented better central training schools. clear the issues. by the Appraisers. Without 5. The further development of rural work, 1Vith industrial or this intensive promotion the other features that will minister Report would not be of sufto the needs of each community in the Spirit of Christ. ficient general interest to attract the attention of those not already deeply interested in foreign 6. A larger use of Christian literature, with a better missions. It is therefore important to note what type of indigenous literature adapted to the needs of real experts, the missionaries, have to say about the people.

7. The need for a clearer understanding of the cultures and religions of the people among whom mis- it. The following are extracts from letters and sionaries are working; also a strong united front articles, some favorable but generally unfavor- against materialism, social evils and atheism. able to the basic ideas of Christian missions as On the other hand there has been a general presented in "Re-Thinking Missions."

chorus of disapproval of several features of the Some British Reactions Report, especially in such points as: 1. The cultural aim of missions as contrasted with There are some phrases in this book which sug- a definite and primary aim to present Christ and His gest that its title ought not to be "Re-Thinking [369 ]

Missions," but rather "Re-Placing Christianity truths proclaimed by living humbly, unselfishly, by a Sentimental Humanism." and even sacrificially; by bearing the Cross of REV. E. W. THOMPSON, of London. For Christ as well as teaching the necessity of it. over 20 years a missionary in India; The Commission on landing in India seemed to now Chairman of the Methodist Mis- sionary Society of Great Britain. have a very real fear that Christian missions and missionaries had made themselves "unpopular" *** with the people by proclaiming and standing for certain truths and principles which India's non- The Laymen's Appraisal Report does not em- Christian people were not prepared to accept.

phasize the one thing for which Christianity Missionaries rather expect to be unpopular with stands-the truth that God is seeking men and radical proponents of Hinduism and Islam, bethat in Christ He redeems man and reconciles cause Christ's teachings are directly opposed to him to Himself. some of the fundamental teachings of these faiths.

PRINCIPAL GARVIE-the British Weekly. Ten years ago, Mahatma Gandhi, speaking be- *** fore a missionary body, said: "Do not tone down your message." He is no longer saying that, but ALEXANDER McLEISH, editor of "The Indian the missionary's attitude and activities are in no Directory of Christian Missions," survey editor way dependent on a Mahatma's advice, or on the of the "World Dominion Movement," and former- preferences of any man of any religion, anyly an active missionary, writes in the April World where in the world…. Dominion: Incidentally, it might be remarked that if a The Appraisers describe the content of the mis- commission of experts from Cairo or even Mecca sionary message and the motive of the missionary should come to India and advise the seventy milenterprise in terms which are not those of the lions of Mohammedans of this land to stop offerevangelical faith or of the New Testament. It is ing the Koran and Islamic brotherhood to people indeed "another" Gospel. . . . It is not without of other faiths, and cease to hold the motto, significance that for the most part the Report "Every Moslem a missionary," there would be names the Son of God as Jesus, nowhere mentions such universal protest, and such immediate and the Holy Spirit, and only once uses the word complete repUdiation of any such advice as to "sin." In spite of a free use of familiar theo- leave no one in India, or Egypt or Arabia, in logical language its outlook is distinctly unita- doubt as to how Mohammedans feel about their rian. Its description of Christian missions as an religion, and what they intend to do to spread the exhibition of love to men, altruism, and goodwill, Faith of the Prophet. point to a humanistic world-regarding philosophy Let us not abate our zeal, but in the spirit of rather than to a Christian outlook. love and in the light of truth let us reason to- Views of a Bishop in India gether about these deep things, and seek God. No reasonable man in India will misunderstand or BISHOP BENTON T. BADLEY, of the Methodist resent th&t! No Hindu objected when, a decade Episcopal Church, Bombay, India, says in The In- ago, Mahatma Gandhi, drawing closer to "The dian Witness: Light of the World," exhorted Christian mission- The apparent broadmindedness and tolerance aries not to "tone down" the Gospel message; and of a report, 'such as this Commission has made, today when, on the contrary, he says that unless must not be taken as evidence of a deeper inter- the missionaries cease to do anything but "hu- est in India's people than shown by those who manitarian" service, such as purely educational, lovingly seek to guide them to a place nearer God medical and "uplift" work, he would ask us to and more fully in line with His will. For the withdraw from India, there is no' great public missionary, not Hinduism but the Hindu, not sentiment back of him. When he first made the Islam but the Moslem, is the main concern. statement, in a much stronger way, public opin- The Report says that the Christian missionary ion in this land caused him to modify it twice should not "attack" the non-Christian systems of over, and leave it as just quoted.

religion. My belief is that it is the duty of all India is deeply religious, and despite even the Christ's true followers to oppose all systems of menace of communistic atheism, the great reli- thought, philosophy or religion that are contrary gions of this land, including Christianity, will to the Truth; but in doing this, there is no continue to press their claims upon the people. As thought of belittling or attacking the people who long as this can be done in a spirit of fairness hold them. Our concern, friendship and love are and tolerance, with freedom of conscience granted the only sufficient explanation of our being will- to every man to believe and worship as he is con- ing to reason with them, to run the risk of being vinced is right, we have a good situation. In misunderstood, to demonstrate the spiritual such a case, Christianity has nothing to fear: its

MISSIONARY REACTIONS TO "RE-THINKING MISSIONS"

safety demands no new "alignment," no arti- sion," yet it exercises unusual influence for ficial buttresses, no modern wisdom of men, no good. . . . counsels taken of our fears, no caution that cuts the roots of a holy daring for our Lord. The glorious, though incomplete, structure of Christianity must be completed on the original The missionary in India believes that Christ is foundations by workmen following the original to rule in India, as throughout the world. His plan. The preaching of the Divine Message was Kingdom is coming, and we can see the signs of the foundation of the original plan; it has been it. He is drawing, and "will draw all men" unto followed by all great missionaries, whether St. Himself. His cause may suffer temporarily Xavier in Malabar, Christian Frederick Schwartz through the lack of faith and timidity of men, in Palamcottah, or St. Thomas in Madras. but is in no danger of defeat or collapse. "He shall reign," "King of Kings and Lord of Lords," Ignores the Divine Message for He is "The Mighty God." We follow not with fears, but gladly herald His Evangel, and boldly The REV. J. P. EDWARDS, editor of Dnyanodaya claim for Him, in India and all the world, the (Poona), writes as follows: throne. We give place to no one in admiration for the Not Valid as a Missionary Basis ability with which the Appraisal Report is writ- ten and in gratitude for hosts of fruitful sugges- The following is from the Rev. J. A. CURTIS, in tions, yet the ideal and goal of Christian missions the Madras Mail, and expresses the thoughts of set forth by the Appraisers appear to us to be in many other American Baptist missionaries in a different climate from those set forth in that India: charter and textbook of missions, the New Testa- ment. In the latter it is the Holy Spirit who is The significant passages in the Report … are the Initiator, Energizer, Organizer and Director not valid for any missionary enterprise based on of Christian missions. . . . But from their pubthe Great Commission of our Lord…. Mission- lished Report, which (let us gratefully emphaaries reject with all their might the assumption size) scintillates with constructive ideas, we that modernism is the prevailing religion of those should be led to infer that the Appraisers "never that send us out. Ninety per cent or more are even heard of the existence" of the Holy Spirit, Bible-loving evangelical believers. Evangelism is any more than did the twelve Ephesians…. Simithe driving power of missionary effort, and the larly absent are the Cross, the supernatural power stimulus to the support of missions by the Chris- of prayer and other vital Christian truths. Whom, tions of the West. then, shall present-day Christian missions and churches follow? … We must all of us be in favor The progress of the Anglican Church in Tin- of "re-thinking" the whole philosophy of Chris- .nevelly is a concrete example of the triumph of tian missions, but surely their biggest need is simple evangelism. The founders of the Church their reshaping and reenergizing by the Divine in Tinnevelly did not seek, as the Appraisal Com- Power that initiated them. For important as are mission would have missionaries seek today, for a the philosophy and methods of Christian missions synthesis of all religions. They preached the which need readjustment with every age in which Gospel pure and simple, obeying the instructions missions work, still more important is it to reof the Great Teacher. Their harvest was a rich member that Christian missions are ordained of one. Today the diocese of Tinnevelly, which God to convey a Divine message and to transmit sprang from humble beginnings, is one of the the Divine "life abundant," and what that meslargest and most soundly constituted dioceses in sage is and how that life is to be imparted we are India. It is not merely self-supporting, but also shown in the missionary's New Testament charassists the work of the Church in other dioceses. ter, from which the Appraisers' Report appears to us to depart in certain essentials…. The point at issue is whether missionaries should be inspired evangelists or "well-trained In a thoughtful and most sympathetic review minds" engaged in the work of "constructive in- of "Re-Thinking Missions" in the Indian Social terpretation." Is the Christian message to be de- Reformer the editor concludes: "The attitude livered in the simple language of the parable or which Dr. Hocking and his colleagues are anxious in the complicated phrases of the textbook? The for Christian missionaries to adopt is, in our great Schwartz of Palamcottah must have seemed opinion, the central teaching which Christian misan odd figure to the stranger passing through sionaries have drawn from Hinduism." If we that town, but his name lives forever in the his- rightly understand this sentence of Mr. Natara- tory of South India. The Salvation Army, which jan, it serves to confirm our conclusion. That today occupies an unrivaled position, uses all conclusion is: from the theological standpoint sorts and conditions of men in its great work. It (the standpoint Dr. Hocking says is central to does not employ only the professionally efficient, the whole) "Re-Thinking Missions" is a B. C. or "vivid personalities endowed with social pas-

book written in the A. D. era, and despite many I deprecate the idea of syncretism found in the useful suggestions on details it can afford no es- Report. The non-Christian religions have not the sential Christian help either to the Christian mis- Word of Life. They can never take the place of sionary or to the Indian minister or to those In- Jesus Christ. The Report is very weak in its dian theological students for whom the present presentation of Christ. We believe that He has writer has a peculiar responsibility. the sovereign redemptive word…. But it will be *** a tragedy if the good in the Appraisal Report is lost in controversy over some of its opinions. It is a remarkable document for its open honesty and candid criticism; for its depth of DR. E. STANLEY JONES, Methodist Episthought and inspiring reach of vision; for its copal Mission, India. compelling challenge and the excellent literary quality of its pages…. *** I do not find it possible to accept the Commis- The REV. VICTOR HUGO SWORD of the American Baptist Mission in Assam writes: sion's interpretation of the Christian message as The Laymen's Commission Report has enough an adequate basis either for launching or main- truth in it to make it vicious and yet it is falsely taining the missionary program. It lacks the ring based. All of us missionaries welcome construc- of authority and insurance. tive criticism, but we have to know the foundation DR. MURRAY T. TITUS, Methodist Epis- material before we can do much building. The copal Mission, India, in The Indian Commission had little time to devote to study of the actual conditions among the churches in this Witness.

*** district, as these are after all the foundation upon which we have to build. I see no hope for Chris- The Report will be received differently by those tianity if it has to be shrouded in a saffran robe whose interests in the missionary undertaking or a fez in order to be accepted by the Oriental. differ. For the most part the falling off in mis- … There is only one thing that could keep me in sionary support has come from those who have India and that is the Great Commission of Jesus had merely a general interest in missions. It is Christ. I will preach in season and out of season, not likely that this sort of interest will be stimu- in bazaars, in villages, in churches that Jesus is lated by reading the book. … We do not believe the Christ, that He is the Door and the only true that those who are vitally interested in Christian Way of salvation for all mankind. missions will be greatly disturbed by the criti- cisms for their interest rests upon something *** deeper than a demand for perfection in the mis- What a China Missionary Thinks I have read "Re-Thinking Missions" wit h sionary. Editorial in The Indian Witness.

*** amazement. The premises on which the Report considers mission work should be grounded are We missionaries do not object to being called so utterly at variance with the New Testament, "bone-heads," but we do object to giving up Cal- that we do not even talk the same language. The vary and the Resurrection. We must have more Creeds are "theories"; the Church nonexistent. than a "grave under the barren Syrian sky," or The primary aim of missions should be social there is no hope for sinners and for the world. service not the founding of a Church. Mission- aries should go about exuding sweetness and light. A. L. WILEY, American Presbyterian (Shades of Henry James!) We should be broad- Mission, Ratnagiri, India.

*** minded, like a box with no ends or sides.

Candor compels us to say that the Commission's No wonder Protestanism is felt to be failing at definition of the aim of Christian missions will home and in heathen lands. Their Christology is not do. The search we pursue begins in the great warped or undeveloped. Christ's humanity is discovery that God is revealed in Jesus Christ, stressed almost to the total exclusion of His Di- who is the True and Living Way. vinity. The salvation of men's souls (according India-National Christian Council Review. to them) lies in the recognition that Jesus was the best of good men. *** The Report says that we should not ram Chris- This book, in spite of its limitations and omissions, opens the door to a wider field of service tianity down the throats of the heathen. They and Christian opportunity. It sounds an advance fail to see that you cannot ram anything down and not a retreat. the throats of the Chinese, much less a Christian- ity that is real belief, if they don't want it. Nor W. S. DEMING, American Board Mission, is salvation by good works alone.

Ahmednagar, in The Guardian (Madras). Most of the good things that the Report recom-

MISSIONARY REACTIONS TO "RE-THINKING MISSIONS"

mends we have been trying to do for years. Our The Council desires to express its conviction schools and hospitals are the best in the land. But that the presentation of the full Gospel of the love the primary aim is, and should be, evangelistic. of God as revealed in Jesus Christ to every pa- All else is secondary-not in respect of efficiency tient in a mission hospital is part of the work of but in respect of motive. When they cease to be the missionary physician and that so far from run primarily for the winning of people to Christ, imposing on the sick in doing this he is seeking then they should be closed. Let those who wish to lead them to the Way of Life which contains to do so carryon only with social service. in it the promise of both physical and spiritual For instance the story of the "one-man hos- health….

pital." … Personally, I am firmly convinced that Finally, the Council acknowledges that opinions the one-man hospital, or glorified clinic, is what may differ on many points of policy and it claims is needed most right now in many places. We no infallibility for its own views, but it firmly have well equipped, well run and expensive hos- holds that the essential motive in medical mis- pitals (although none of them have million (gold) sions is the spiritual one dependent on personal dollar roofs) to take care of bad cases, all with- relationships to Christ and that this should and in travel distance of most of our work. But a must be the incentive behind all true missionary man who would be able to take care of ordinary effort. It is greatly disappointed at failing to find cases in an expert way would go far towards help- any recognition of this as the one sufficient call to ing build the Church. mission work….

REV. HOLLIS S. SMITH, American Epis- Lack of Purpose and Power copal Church, Changshu. ' The REV. EDMUND L. SOUDER, Priest-in-charge, *** Episcopal Church of St. John Baptist, Hankow, writes: On Medical Missions The China Medical Association, which is com- What a group of earnest Christian laymen have posed of Chinese and foreign medical workers, to say regarding missions should receive the re- both non-missionary and missionary, has a Coun- spectful consideration of every missionary. . . .

cil on Medical Missions. After a careful con- The Report gives expression to a conception of sideration of the section on medical missions in the meaning and method of Christian missions the Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry, this which I am convinced not many missionaries of Council unanimously adopted a report from which the Church in the field nor the majority of de- the following extracts are taken: vout Church people at home will accept. The The Council heartily agrees to the necessity for viewpoint appears to be that of a Modernist, a high professional standard in the work of mis- whose interpretation of the Gospel is so "broad"

sion hospitals and that no evangelistic fervor will that it has lost most of its depth. The preaching excuse slipshod methods in the treatment of the of "the glorious Gospel of the blessed God" has patients. In China the Council is satisfied that become little more than a program of humani- there is little danger of this except possibly in one tarian endeavor, an emasculated thing over which or two isolated cases…. a man is not likely to throw his hat in the air, or The Council approves the finding that compul- proclaim at the expense of getting cooked on a sory attendance of patients at services in hos- gridiron! It has very little "punch." …

pitals or undue pressure on the patients to alter The lesson of today, that rejection of Christian their religious opinions is wholly undesirable but life follows hard on the rejection of Christian believes that such compUlsion is rarely if ever truth, has not been learned. Indeed, the Commis- found in mission hospitals in China. sion seems much less exercised that non-Chris- The Council feels, however, that in its findings tians should remain such than that mission hos- the Commission has failed to realize that the pitals and schools should be used as "bait" to tendency of modern medicine is to stress the inter- draw the unwary into the net of the Church.

relation of physical, mental and spiritual, and is When the missionary goes fo the ends of the surprised to find it harking back to a view rapidly earth, what should be his hope? To reveal, becoming discredited, that healing methods should through love in action, by word and deed, Him in most cases be purely physical. who said, "I am the way, the truth, and the life; The Council desires to emphasize its conviction no man cometh unto the Father but by me"? No!

that the duty of a missionary physician to the pa- The Commission says, "The Christian will look tients under his care is a duty to the whole man forward, not to the destruction of these religions, and not merely to the physical side of his being; but to their continued coexistence with Christian- and it believes that he will feel it his duty and ity, each stimulating the other in growth toward privilege to minister to the spiritual needs as well the ultimate goal, unity in the completest religious as the physical ailments of those under his charge. truth." This may be good theosophy, but to my

mind it is very poor Christianity! That the mis- Presumably every missionary is such "because sionary should study sympathetically the religions he is a Christian," and humbly wants to serve his and culture of the people to whom he would re- fellows on the basis of the "Inasmuch" principle; veal God in Christ is profoundly true…. I know but since when has it been considered something of no member of our mission who ridicules the to boast of that they do not "want to make Chris- faith of the non-Christian Chinese. It sounds as tians"? Imagine a disciple of Karl Marx doing though the Commission were advocating some agricultural work "because he was a Communist,"

kind of syncretic faith in place of the Christian but not "wanting to make Communists"! To be religion…. sure, mISSIOn doctors, teachers, rural workers, The vague conception of missions as a mere et al., should be professionally qualified, but to civilizing agency is clearly shown when the Com- treat medical and educational mission work as mission expresses itself regarding the function of ends in themselves, rather than as being funda- mentally aids in the Church's supreme task of remission schools. With reference to the general vealing the Father of Love to all His children, problem of Christian colleges in the Orient the seems to me inadequate. Commission directs attention to "a grave danger -that of subordinating the educational to the re- Let the Christian give to the Red Cross conligious objective, particularly in appointments to tributions for the "disinterested relief of sufferfaculties." I have heard of mission institutions ing" and leave to governments the handling of where religion was subordinated to education, education that has been "set free" from responsibut I had never supposed that that constituted a bility for "conscious and direct evangelization," recommendation from the point of view of those and let him save his missionary gifts for agencies at home who had contributed their dollars for which are Christian unashamed. The Gospel com- missions! In a mission institution, of which I mitted to us is not only for all people, but for the was a member of the faculty, we had one Modern- whole life of man. Body, mind, and spirit are all ist, with salary paid from mission funds, who to share in the glorious salvation wrought by our publicly stated, "I am not a missionary; I'm an Redeemer upon the Cross.

educationalist!" What I have thought of as a *** "horrible example" of the subordination of religion to education in a mission school is apparent- From Jonathan Goforth, of Manchuria ly to be commended as the ideal! A personal letter to the editor of the "Sunday School "We believe," the Commission says, "the time Times" from the veteran missionary in China is a mission- ary document of importance.

has come to set educational and other philan- DR. GOFORTH, a missionary of the Presbyterian thropic aspects of mission work free from organ- Church of Canada, says in part: ized responsibility to the work of conscious or direct evangelization," and they make a recom- The Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry is mendation "that where missions are conducting sending abroad a misleading report over the schools, the aim of these schools should be pri- world. The Gospel of the grace of God, which marily education, not evangelization, and that gained divine results this month, is the same that teachers and administrators should be chosen I have been preaching in China for forty-five with this standard in view." years. I glance back over the years to find that fourteen of the men who became evangelists and I cannot believe that the great body of faithful pastors in Honan were opium sots. With the ut- laymen in the Church, who support mission work, most emphasis we assured them that "neither is would be willing to carryon mission schools on there salvation in any other: for there is none any such basis. Noone questions the need for other Name under heaven given among men high academic standards in such schools. It is whereby we must be saved." Through faith in quite possible for Christian schools to have the the Lord Jesus Christ as God the Son they were highest educational standards combined with lifted out of "the horrible pit." … lofty devotional life. The Appraisal Commission admits that the mis- The present world situation would seem to offer sionary motive which prevailed in the past came appalling evidence of what happens when you get from the conviction that the souls of the heathen education divorced from religion. Ours is an age could only be saved from eternal death through of tremendous scientific achievement, but our con- the Gospel of Christ. However, they affirm that quest of self has lagged far behind our conquest during the last century the theological outlook has of nature. The well-nigh godless education most changed….

Western children are receiving is beginning to Sincere and aspiring seekers after God in other produce some alarming results. Education with- religions are not to be condemned, according to out religion is as likely to invent a new poison this Commission. For forty-five years I have had gas as a new anesthetic. large opportunity to come into contact with these

MISSIONARY REACTIONS TO "RE-THINKING MISSIONS"

"sincere and aspiring seekers after God," but I darkness, and that prayer is absolutely essential have not found one…. to victory. Through prayer in the Name of the Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today Lord Jesus I have seen opium sots set free in soul and forever. His last act on earth was to issue and body from the domination of Satan. The uni- His great Commission…. That urgency of mis- versal testimony is that those who use pills, etc., sion motive at the beginning must hold the same invariably go back to the drug.

paramount place today. And it does, with all The Laymen's Report should be met by a perloyal servants of Jesus Christ. sonal humbling on tEe part of all who love the I believe with the utmost conviction, based on Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity and with a renewed a wide knowledge, that the cause of Christ would devotion to His great commission.

be much farther advanced today had no "Modern- REV. MATTHEW B. BIRREL.

ist" ever reached these shores. *** *** The absence of any reference to prayer or to' T.he Report of the Inquiry issued by the Ap- the Holy Spirit, in fact to anything which we can pralsers offers I?lenty of !ood for thought. We conceive as being the real heart and motive of may agree or dlsag~ee Wlt? the Rep?rt: but we Christian missions, is prominent in "Re-Thinking can hardly afford to 19nore !t. That mlSSlon work Missions." That we have a Divine Commission needs restudy and revaluatIon few can deny.

to "disciple all the nations," and that "neither is DR. CHENG CHING-YI, General Secretary there salvation in any other" is naively ignored. of the National Christian Council, I naturally take exception particularly to that Shanghai.

part of the Report which deals with evangelism *** in medical missions. I am in charge of the largest Presbyterian hospital in China. Weare doing These laymen's conceptions are poles apart our work with as high a medical and scientific from those of the Apostle Paul, and their recomstandard as possible but I see no reason why good mendation that Christian missionaries should susmedical work should interfere with strong evan- pend their work of evangelism and align themgelistic work in the hospital. In fact I find more selves with non-Christian religionists in an effort interest in the evangelistic message than ever to combat atheism is surely incompatible with before. loyalty to Christ and His great commission. Some of these laymen's conclusions, so far as China is N. BERCOVITZ, M.D., Presbyterian Hos- concerned, find no support in the reports which pital, Hainan, China. reach us from our wide field. Had they spent less time in the educational centers and more in visit- *' * * ing some of the two million villages in which they tell us eighty per cent of the population of China I see in this whole investigation idea an effort live, I am persuaded their sweeping generalizaon the part of the adversary to discredit the cause tions would have been modified. Hostility to all of world evangelism. But there is no need to fear, religion certainly does not characterize the attiif only we are faithful, God can overrule every tude of the people generally; on the contrary attack and make it work out to the furtherance of there is almost everywhere among the common His own purposes. . people an unprecedented readiness to give a re- spectful and interested hearing to the Gospel. J. E. SHOEMAKER, Yuyao, Chekiang, China. For forty years an American Presby- terian missionary.

*** JAMES STARK, Secretary of the China From over thirty years' experience in China, I Inland Mission Council, Shanghai.

have had my faith confirmed in the Bible as be- *** ing the Living Word of God. I have found the Chinese readily admit that Those who look upon foreign missions largely they know that they ought to do right but lack as an international socializing agency cannot be the power to do so. While they believe in a hell . expected to look sympathetically upon the work and have plans (vegetarianism, pilgrimages and of a group who regard themselves primarly as purgatory payments) to escape it, they have no preachers Of Christ and Him crucified. Those assurance that their plans are trustworthy. who consider Christianity as merely one of many Hence they need to know Christ, the new and liv- religions, all seeking the same end in ultimate ing Way, who is the propitiation for the sins of truth, must be expected to seem somewhat impa- tient with those who look upon Christ as God Inthe world. I have found missionary work to be a: real con- carnate, and 'His Gospel as a Divine Revelation. Tlie Bible for China. flict between the power of God and the powers of

In reference to what the Commission says non-Christian religions, especially the supersti- should be our "message" in the future, one is tious religion of the masses. . . .

somewhat depressed and feels that the life and While we agree that the Church in any narrow vitality which one needs as one approaches the sense is not an end in itself we still believe that non-Christian peoples has been almost smothered. it is the best means by which the fundamental Emphasis is laid mainly on spreading truth in the aims of the mission can be carried out and to that abstract rather than upon the bringing of a new extent the development of the ideal church must life. One looks in vain for the fundamental living always be a primary aim of missions. While we truth, "Ye must be born again." … Christianity recognize that preaching is not always the first is not only different in degree from other reli- way of making the Christian message known and gions but in kind…. As the missionaries come to that the living of a life is the first essential, we the Orient they believe that they are carrying a still feel that the Report tends to underestimate new message of life and grace through Jesus the importance of public expression of the faith Christ. that issues in life. In the matter of subsidies to GEO. W. SPARLING, United Church of churches, we heartily approve the principle of progressively decreasing support. The movement Canada Mission, Chengtu, China. in this direction is already well advanced. We *** also cordially agree with the principle that "all Thirteen Missionaries from Six Missions new churches should, so far as humanly possible, in Japan be indigenous and self-supporting from the start" (p. 108) …. We regard the publication of "Re-Thinking Missions" as one of the most significant events As a matter of fact, we cannot but feel that in modern missionary history. We ourselves in the Commission on Christian Education is much our group study have been profoundly stirred by nearer to the actual situation than is the Layits sincerity, its courage, and its vision…. men's Commission. This may be due to the fact that there was a majority of Japanese educators The Commission showed a fine appreciation of on the former Commission….

the permanent values in the great cultures of *** Oriental peoples and a due concern about the danger of such values being lost as a result of the Japan Missionaries of the American Board changes that are now taking place…. DR. DWIGHT W. LEARNED, who perhaps is bet- We feel however that the Commission at times ter acquainted with the Kumiai Church of Japan passes over too lightly the fundamental differ- than any other living man, writes: ences which exist between Christianity and the We are told that a profound transformation of other religions of the Orient. . . . Such expres- the Church in the mission field of the Orient is sions as "Universal religion has not to be estab- needed, away from sectarianism toward unity and lished, it exists," "the common ground of all re- cooperation, and away from a religion focused ligion," "this treasury of thought" (from which upon doctrine toward a religion focused upon the each religion makes its selection) and similar ex- vital issues of life, putting an end to sectarianism pressions are peculiarly misleading. They seem and denominational rivalry. to imply that Christianity and other religions Our Japan Mission in no way controls or dihave at their core the essentials of this "universal rects the Kumiai churches and has no power to and absolute religion"; and that they differ from transform them. When, many years ago, there each other only in the form in which they express was a hopeful movement toward union of the this or in the degree of "clarity and certainty" Kumiai body with another, most of the mission which they achieve in their expression of this favored it but our Japanese brethren rejected.it common element…. The fundamental differences because it involved giving up a custom, not (between Christianity and other religions) are learned from the missionaries, which they re- garded as important. Although there seems to not clearly defined…. be little prospect of organic unity there is hearty Christianity and the other religions are not fellowship and cooperation between the various sufficiently in agreement in their fundamental denominations. doctrines about God and human life. The non- Christian religion still stands for much which is *** a serious obstacle to all religion. . . . After all, DR. A. D. WOODWORTH, of Tokyo, wrote: Christianity has much more in common with the To some of us it [the Report] is "another forces of our common world culture-science, Gospel" which neither Jesus taught nor Paul modern education, the spirit of democracy, the preached. . . . It may be that some are seeking passion for social justice-than it has with the truth by the philosophic route, but we think we

MISSIONARY REACTIONS TO "RE-THINKING MISSIONS"

have found it by faith in Jesus Christ…. If Jesus Christianity to a religion which is only relatively was the divine Son of God, as the Scriptures more adequate than others…. We, the Oriental teach, then it is my business to be just as broad religions, would prefer to struggle manfully to as He was and just as narrow. determine which is truth; we would prefer to *** decide the issue of the final truth in the combat of principle…. Now this group of American mis- The REV. FRANK CARY, of Otaru, Hokkaido, sionaries has declared an armistice in this battle Japan, writes: of truth and is trying to open missionary work on such a so-called new principle with worldly The Laymen's Inquiry Report has been like a methods. We cannot welcome them at all, not mustard gas or tear bomb to many of the mis- only that, but we express our regret for their sionaries. I can see that it is going to hurt giving elusive obscurity. to mission causes on the part of those of liberal mind (theologically) who have been waiting for Editorial in a Japanese (non-Chrisan excuse. Perhaps most of them stopped giving tian) newspaper, Yomisura. before! But it is a great boon-to missions to have a liberal statement flung out for everyone to read *** and mull over. In view of the fact that there are stilI more *** than 60,000,000 non-Christians in Japan we are unwilling to consider any permanent retrench- REV. WILLIAM WOODARD, of the Japan Mission, ment policy in our work, though we are not unbut living in Korea, writes: mindful of the financial difficulties of our Boards…. The Report is positively the most' important event in missions in two decades, if not in the half We appreciate the ·new interest of the home century. . . . The thing that seems to have hurt Church in Oriental history and religions and most is that we have been measured by the ideal realize our responsibility to help interpret the of perfection, and the shortcomings, instead of thought of the East in so far as it contains those being presented quietly to the mission Boards, values such as Jesus said "He came not to destroy have been spread upon the daily news sheets for but to fulfill." At the same time we feel in the the unsympathetic to gloat upon. Oriental religions a distinct lack of (1) a clear *** idea of God, (2) an adequate concept of person- ality and its eternal values, (3) a redeeming If ever the term "epoch making" was deserved by a book, "Re-Thinking Missions" should be that power from a sinful life, and (4) a developed conbook. . . . If its principal recommendations are science regarding social responsibility-all of put into effect, it will cause a resurrection in the which the Christian message does supply. moribund Church both abroad and at home…. The missionary needs, as never before, to pre- I cannot say that I agree with every statement in sent Jesus Christ witHout certain historical ac- cretions which through centuries have gathered the book…. But the Commission itself, being a super- around him and which may not be adaptable to efficient human agency, seems at some points to Japanese psychology, and to have an intelligent have forgotten that God should have anything to and definite and joyous assurance of what is es- sential in Christian faith and teaching and to do with missions. demonstrate the simple Christian life in daily work and sacrificial living. WM. M. VORIES, Omi Mission, Japan. Resolution of the Federated Council of * * tI< Japan.

We in Japan have been rather embarrassed be- *** cause the advanced Report of the Commission's Findings was released to the press before it was Close perusal shows the book to be distressing, published through proper official channels. As a disappointing, sadly lacking in initiative, and enresult newspapers have attached news values to it tirely devoid of any worthwhile information. with strong emphasis and sensational headlines. On the other side there is such alarming ig- The REV. A. KIRA EBISAWA, General norance shown of conditions in this country that Secretary of the National Christian one wonders if what the Bishop of India said does Council of Japan. not apply all round-"a visitors' book" he called View of a Non-Christian Japanese it. We are sadly familiar with that class. For an example of the incompetency of the The American Christians represented by the Commission to judge conditions in Japan, read Appraisers have forgotten the finality of Chris- the Report under the heading "Rural Church"

tianity. They have lost the sense of the super- (especially on page 101) where New England and natural, revealed religion, and have degraded Massachusetts are given as examples to follow.

Think of Massachusetts with its wonderful or- From Presbyterians in Other Fields ganization of men and money, its comparative sparsely populated area; then turn to Japan with The results won by the life blood of missiona rural population of forty millions raising two aries who went forth in obedience to the Lord and three crops a year; people working twelve to to whom they consecrated their lives, would never fourteen hours a day; mothers with their babies have been won by such men and women as the on their back toiling with the husband from early Appraisers recommend that we send forth today, morn to late evening; read again the advice about because the Gospel they would have us teach is "productivity of the soil, etc." and you under- not the Gospel which is "the power of God unto stand this Commission either did not study rural salvation." … To have a volume published ("Reconditions in Japan, which indeed is so, or else Thinking Missions") to teach the Church how to the schoolboy could have done better…. carryon her divine mission, say that we must stop believing in "the superstition of prayer"- There is also a very dangerous side to the Re- that is too much…. Any criticism of the methport. Christianity must be boiled down, must be ods and teachings of Christ should be thrown out taught only as a means of world culture and its of court. ability to attract the man in the street. There is no finality about the ideal religion, it must be PROF. R. F. LEMINGTON, Campinas, synthetic. Christianity must cease its attempt to Brazil. control, men of all faiths must unite in a common quest, and by implication the Incarnation, Resur- *** rection, and Atonement must be thrown to the scrapheap…. The laymen have tried to be fair … they have revealed some sore spots, known to us all the The REV. R. W. ANDREWS, of Tochigi time…. On the other hand, there are aspects of Machi, Japan, in The Living Church. the Report which arouse decided protest…. One does not get a very clear impression as to just *** what the Appraisers regard as Christianity, but it is clear that they think it should not be pre- Some Korean Mission Comments sented as final and should fraternize with other faiths…. Such eclecticism has always been ster- If Christianity is anything it is distinctive and ile…. One can appreciate the efforts of other reto throw it into the melting-pot with all other re- ligions to know God and still assert with conligions and take up and preach the resulting mix- fidence and without bigotry that Jesus Christ is ture would be to preach another gospel which the Way, the Truth and the Life and that no man would be no gospel at all. We would not be in- cometh to the Father but by Him. terested to proclaim such a religion. It takes all the power of the pure Gospel to pull men out of DR. PAUL BURGESS, Guatemala, C. A. the pit into which they have fallen. A diluted mixture might have some cultural strength and *** promote international goodwill but the drawing power of the Cross of Christ would be enervated I have just come from conducting a meeting at to the point of impotence. Massin Institute, an outgrowth of Silliman In- stitute (Philippine Islands). In the w.eek I was C. F. BERNHEISEL, Presbyterian Mission, there 52 stood up to confess their faith in Christ Pyengyang, Korea. in a vital way. I take it from the Appraisal Re- port that I should not urge the Filipinos to defi- *** nitely align themselves with Christ so that they may serve the Master in the finest and truest The thing that has hurt us most out here is the way. releasing of the radical sections of the Report to foreign language newspapers in the Far East. DR. Roy H. BROWN, President of Silli- One would hate to say that this was done with man Institute, Dumaguete, P. I. intention of discrediting missionaries in the eyes of governments and the general public of Eastern * * countries, but that was the natural result, if the Our endeavor is all too human on the mission Report was taken seriously, as it no doubt was by those out here who dislike all our evangelistic fields, as elsewhere, but when the power of God work…. We are not here merely to make living conditions better, though we are glad to do all we in Christ Jesus our Lord is revealed on the forcan, but we are here because we believe that men are desperately in need of the saving power of eign field, it is as effective as in the life of a Jesus Christ, both for this life and the next. "river rat" in New York. … I've seen and pre- DR. WM. M. BLAIR, Pyengyang, Korea. scribed for more than 300,000 patients in Persia and have performed more than 20,000 surgical operations, but this effort is worthless without Christ, both in my life and in the lives of others.

H. P. PACKARD, M.D., F.A.C.S., Ker- manshah, Persia.

IN KENGMA

Mr. Gowman, China Inland Mission, and Dorothy Buker stand in center. On the right are bamboo baskets, and baked earthen pots, much used in this country.

Pictures of the Campaign in Burma By the REV. R. B. BUKER, Loimwe, Kengtung State, Burma ~- Missionary of the American Baptist Missionary Society MISSIONARY work may well be likened to Picture I a campaign that takes years and decades to complete. Those who take the lead gain Here is a Lahu farmer, between forty and fifty valuable experiences for those who follow. Since years of age, and partiCUlarly well-to-do for a I belong to the younger group I cannot speak as Lahu. Besides his rice fields he owns ten or a an experienced general. In the next two or three dozen water buffaloes. He has three brothers and decades new ways of advance must be devised as one sister. One brother, who has returned from many formerly effective methods have lost much advanced work in Lower Burma, is now a teacher of their effectiveness. Some hopeful suggestions in our central school. Another brother is taking have been weighed and found wanting. The un- advanced work in lower Burma. The family is derbrush has been cleared and we thank the outstanding for their Christian witness among the unflinching laborers who have done pioneer work. Lahu. Last summer this elder brother developed We survey conditions, the lay of the land, the most some abdominal trouble and after two weeks of likely lines of procedure. But we must be most treatment the doctor held out hope of a slow recareful to keep that Banner of the Gospel, which covery. has waved so steadily in the hands of our fathers, unsullied by stains. "By faith they . . ." One day this Lahu farmer asked permission to return home to sell a buffalo or two to provide the funds for the prolonged medical treatment. A My own work has fortunately been associated few weeks later I received this report: The Lahu with one of the mass movements or the front line. man went home and talked with some heathen I have also followed the surrounding work mainly Raws who persuaded him to try some of their in Burma and generally in China and India. "evil spirit ways" to cure his trouble. He seemed [379 ]

to feel a slight improvement and was persuaded The next Sunday came but no Wa boys were in to call in a Shan witch doctor. This "doctor's" church. first prescription was "Throwaway all your new Christian doctrines and put up a nat altar; per- "Why do you not come to church?" I asked. form all the old heathen witcheries that I pre- "There are no places for us to sit where we will scribe." be inconspicuous," was the reply. That these boys did not attend the Christian The sick man followed directions. "If any of service did not worry me so much as did their my relatives come to stop me from doing this, I evident lack of a desire to worship. Why was not shall shoot them with poisoned arrows," said the the Gospel which they professed sufficient to out- Lahu man as he shook his cross-bow. weigh superficial reasonings and bring them to church for the love and joy of it? Why was not Why did not this Lahu farmer have sufficient the Gospel which the Lahu school boys professed faith in Christ to uphold him in the hour of trial? sufficient to insure a welcome to workers with hair unkempt, boys of another race? Is not the Gospel Picture II of Christ a sufficient bond to make all Christians happy and at home together? A Shan public-works official, about thirty years of age, because of exceptional educational attain- Picture IV ments has risen to a high position in government employ. He is a Buddhist, and has carefully A Chinese who could read and write, and was studied the claims of Christianity. far and above the average Chinese of this area in training and ability, became a Christian. A year As we sat before my open fire he said, "I be- later he had to be urged each Sunday to attend lieve in Jesus Christ; I believe He is the Son of church worship. We noticed that deceit and lies God; I believe He saves men from sin." were common in his life. "Why did you become a Christian?" we asked. As he rose to go I said, "When will you step out and publicly take Christ for your Saviour. When "The Christian way is very good," he replied, will you give up Buddhism?" "I want very good way, so I glad to be Christian."

"Wait a little," he replied, "I want to think If he were speaking with, a New Testament about it a little more." background this might seem to be a fine testimony. But alas, he has been brought up in Confucianism. If I were swimming in a sea of destruction and Christianity to him is merely a few sets of rules daily found myself getting weaker, what would and ideas to add to his vast store. How can I keep me from grasping at the first opportunity cause him to see the vitality in the Way of Christ? for deliverance? There must be something under the surface that holds this man. Picture V A few days later a group of us went to this A Hindu Punjab trader between forty and fifty man's home for a chat before dinner. His Bud- years of age, is a most enthusiastic salesman. dhist wife, a relative of the Shan royalty, was a "By all means, fair or foul make a sale, make gracious hostess though she could not speak a money" is his short creed of life. Once at the cost word of English. I was the only one in the party of his standing among his friends, and with who did not participate in the whiskeys and sodas. threats against his life, he entertained Sadhu Aside from our host we were all "Christians." Sundar Singh. Now he is out on the frontiers of On little things like this depends this Buddhist's civilization, and for some months has been spendpresent position in society and in his official posi- ing an hour each morning with the Bible. It has tion. How could I present the Gospel in such a its effect. He has become an able colporteur for way as to make this Shan man happy to cut the the Word of God among his friends. One woman ties that bind him to Buddhism, brave the ridi- has been accepted and baptized through the incule, and follow Christ? fluence he has set up with his Bible work. He is the only qualified worker for the increasing num- Picture III bers of Indians in the vicinity. He comes and asks for baptism. He is most regular at the serv- A group of Wa boys in their teens were work- ices, and begs to be taken into the membership. ing for me on the Lahu Central School Compound. Our reply is: When Sunday came they did not attend church though they were all Christians from the Wa Mass "We want to do this but what about your liquor Movement. selling business?"

"Why do you not to come to church?" was the "Yes, I know," he answers, "but a man must word sent by a trusted messenger. live and this is the only business that keeps my head above water. Besides Christians (the offi- "Our hair is not cut and we are ashamed to come," was the reply.

School boys are very particular about the neat appearance of their heads. That afternoon some of the Wa boys were at church.

PICTURES OF THE CAMPAIGN IN BURMA

cials) buy this liquor and in Europe Christians sell it. Why cannot I?"

Why does not our Christian Gospel so impress this Chinese that he is willing to abandon all else in order that he might possess this priceless Treasure, whatever the cost?

Picture VI A Lahu young man over twenty years of age was my friend and companion. For three years I have worked, traveled, played with him, and loved him. A steadier character, more reliable in carrying out his duties, I have not met in Lahu land. We have plans for his future training. Then the ubiquitous problem of the need of a wife took possession of his imagination. It did not work in what we would consider a rational way. He slipped his leash as it were. So far as the girl was concerned his liberties were mild, but his views of life became colored and warped. No longer does he desire to prepare for a life of exceptional service. He is ready to turn back to the leeks and garlic of Egypt. Why, Oh why, could not this glorious Gospel of Jesus Christ be a rudder and an anchor to this brother's soul in this storm that beats on every young man?

*** NATIVE BOYS As we look at these six pictures many will say, Many missionaries today share the Gospel with "These cases are exceptions to the general condi- the folks of the country where they are working, tions among our native Christians." But these as a messenger might give the news that a new experiences were all in the last month. Every king had been proclaimed over the land. We do month of every year throws pictures like this on not make real the significance of the Message by the screen of my life. We cannot call these cases living before the people the life the new king "exceptional." would have his subjects live.

Someone may say, "Yes, we have the same kind Consider two definite phases of this missionof problems in America." True, but that is to beg ary's relation to the folk of the land. the question. Whether in America or in Asia, if the problem exists, it should be solved. Mission Look at the pictures of the two houses printed problems among these other races are after all here. The one is the missionary's home, the other the same as among Christians at home. Human is the house of a villager on this frontier. When nature and temptations and trials are the same the missionary goes to call on one of his parishthe world over. But praise God, so is He under ioners, he nearly falls off and through the prewhose banner we are serving. carious steps of the native house. He mushes his solar-topee into one of the rafters. When he re- What are we going to do about it? The Mes- moves his topee he gets a smart crack on the top sage that we present is very important. But by of the head as he passes through the low door. the time one has learned a new language, and has In the dusky interior he looks for a place to sit. come into contact with new modes of thought any Around the fire are some two inch high "seats" message must first be boiled down into very simple but when he tries to sit he loses his balance. statements. Modernistic s tat e men t s – when Finally, all out of gear mentally, he endeavors to boiled down to a subject, verb, and object-are carryon a coherent conversation. So one might not a convincing Gospel. Those who lack convic- go on; in every detail of the visit the new missiontion concerning the Gospel of Christ and His atonement soon find themselves swallowed up in committee work and social service. The Message given on these frontier lines must ring true to the Bible, and must be presented in a way that will bring its life-giving power to these thirsty, needy folks.

ary feels, looks and acts out of joint. The inmates A missionary is ready to set out on tour in the of the house sit oddly silent while he is present jungle. On his head is a solar-topee, the cheapest though he heard a lot of friendly jabbering before costing the wages of a man for ten days in Kenghe arrived. Bumping and slipping he returns to tung State; better topees cost a month's wages. the outside world. Kahki shirt, kahki coat, kahki trousers cost about two months' wages. Those leather puttees, a Turn the picture around. The native parish- never ending source of wonder to the villages, cost ioner decides to pay a call on the missionary. He about twenty days' labor, and good hiking shoes reaches the house and the stone steps cause a feel- would take another month of which to buy. Being of awe at the grandeur of the place. As he side the missionary we see a pony, the price of slowly mounts these steps his head comes on a which is six months of work, and two months' level with the glass window. It is closed but he wages more for the saddle. can see right through it. Such a marvel demands investigation and he touches it with his finger, Is it to be wondered at ·that the villager, who leaving a huge smudge. Then the visitor creeps sees this man with his personal traveling equipslowly across the porch, wondering if he has gone ment equal to a year's wages for the better class as far as he should. The missionary comes out- villager, thinks that the missionary has one hand side and discovers him waiting patiently; invites in a river of gold? Moreover, the bundles and him to come in through the mysterious door and boxes in the background contain the traveler's stands or sits quickly on the edge of the room. It blankets, enough to keep a hill-family of six warm is almost unheard of for one person to have the in the coldest weather; a bed, actually carried around and put up each night for him; a pony A HOME OF A NATIVE OF KENGTUNG STATE, BURMA load of special food for this one man to eat; an- other box or two of books; spare clothes, and courage to come alone from his or her village what not. Then consider the servants, a pony home to the dwelling place of the missionary. boy, a cook, and a private carrier to help with The missionary waits for the guest to tell his making camp. Then a tent is put up each night business but is met by complete silence. The visi- for this man to sleep in. tor is too engrossed in looking at the pictures on the wall, the chairs, tables, couches, etc. Table Another picture is that of a villager ready to runners, couch covers are gingerly fingered by ad- start on a journey of two weeks or more. On his miring hands. Varnished wood work is caressed head is a dilapidated slouch hat or a cloth turban. with incoherent expressions. He seems to be A jacket of blue home-spun, and trousers of the thinking, "This man tells of a place called heaven same cloth, cover his body. Usually he has nothwhere everything is wonderful and now he is ing on his feet, unless he is fortunate enough to bringing a part of heaven down here to show us have a pair of cloth sandals. Over one shoulder about it." is swung a dah, or long knife, and on one end of a pole over his shoulder is a cloth bag which holds Great chasms and terrible barriers exist be- a couple of quarts of uncooked rice, a few vegetween the missionary and his would-be learner. tables and two small cooking utensils. On the How many, many times has the missionary been other end of the pole is one blanket, a change of through this ordeal with a heart burning to ex- clothing and any other odds and ends. The whole plain the Love, the Suffering, the Joy, the Victory equipment has a value that does not exceed one of a life with Christ. Barriers such as these pre- month's labor. vent our voice from being heard. Is it any wonder that after a night's visit at a Let me describe two more pictures to illustrate village, as the missionary pushes on, he wonders the same point. if this village will understand the love of God any better for his visit. To be sure the old men agreed after the service to all that was said, but no "con- viction" was written on their faces.

Our modes of living and traveling are barriers too many, too forboding for us to have heart fel- lowship. We want to share, we need to share, we must share this Gospel with them. But such phys- ical barriers prevent the simple humble minds of these unprivileged folks from understanding what we are striving to do? Do we hinder the Holy Spirit by our sophistication?

Our marvelous mission institutions, buttressed by hospitals and schools and wonderful buildings,

prayer, unending prayer. The groups of a dozen or more are the easiest to use, but a group of two can do this with the proper amount of prayer and with the help of the Holy Spirit. This Life is "caught and not taught." Our work has been far too much along the teaching· ways, regardless whether or not the Life had been caught. After Life has been "caught" then we must "teach.'.'

Our mistake has been in supposing that those who mentally learn these things had received "salvation." Once they catch the real Life in this Gospel, the abiding presence of Christ Himself, then indeed the anchor, the guide, the hope is as- HOME OF A MISSIONARY IN KENGTUNG STATE, BURMA sured. Third, keep every Christian, new and old, at have done much good. But this good has been for work. He or she must be radiating this joy and the most part in proportion as individuals have love of Christ to others. Gospel Teams pr.,vide risen toward our standards of life. Our native a universal opportunity such as no other method teachers and preachers, because of superior train- so far has demonstrated. After a Christian has ing and circumstances often tend to develop a new been with the Gospel Teams, giving his or her type of caste which makes it difficult to share the testimony a few times, the habit of evangelism Gospel in all its contents with the rest of the folks. should have been started and then at or under This is probably due to their inherent oriental every condition, witnessing for Christ will be a nature, and to their desire to follow in our foot- habit. steps. These three suggestions check with the ap- How are we going to share the Gospel with proved methods of science and psychology. But those of the six pictures given in the first of this article? These people belong to the groups who cannot hope fully to adopt our ways and modes of living. What can we do to vindicate the fact that the Gospel of Jesus Christ is sufficient to act as the rudder, the hope, the power to meet any and every trouble, doubt and need of life? .

I can only suggest possibilities. These sugges- tions have been tried out and found workable.

First, we occidentals must become within rea- sonable limits, orientals along materia.} lines. In some places it will be most desirable to dress in the costumes of the country. In some places our homes should be similar to their homes. We must SCHO'JL BUIl,DING try to approximate living conditions of the groups Three rooms, made under supervision of Mr. Buker, 60 feet by for whom we work. In this way the bridge of 24 feet; tile roof; lime plaster walls on bamboo aproach for social intercourse back and forth best of all they check with the words and life of will be made. At present we have to jump across, Christ and the early apostles. They fulfil the last there is no bridge. command of Jesus; "Go and make disciples."

Second, we must live a life of love and joy that of itself invites sharing. Traveling, at home, in The story is told of Gordon Maxwell, mission- public, in meetings, in private, we must live as ary to India, that he went to a Hindu Pundit and though we honestly believed that our Way of Life asked him if he would teach him the language.

is the only true Way and a gloriously happy, love- The Hindu replied: ful, victorious Way. Group evangelism, like the "N0, Sahib, I will not teach you my language.

Gospel Teams, is a very good illustration of a very You would make me a Christian."

successful method. Groups radiating this joy of Gordon Maxwell replied: "You misunderstand Christian life help to strengthen the weaker souls me. I am simply asking you to teach me your already in the walk of Life, and to bring forward language."

those who decide to follow the new Way. The Hindu 'replied again: "N0, Sahib, I will The main cornerstone of all this radiation of not teach you. No man can live with you and not the Gospel of Joy and Love in Christ Jesus is become a Christian."

A Venture in Christian

The Story of Achievement in Boulder City By the REV. E. D. KOHLSTEDT, D.D., Philadelphia Secretary of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, Methodist Episcopal Church W ASHINGTON'S Birthday, February 22, church membership of 130 and a church school 1933, witnessed an interdenominational enrollment of 322, is practically assured. achievement of far-reaching significance A Cooperative Religious and Social Center to H~me Missions: a convincing exhibit of pos- Committee was organized in Boulder City on sibilities in Christian cooperation. With Secre- March 2, 1931. By October 1, general plans and tary W. R. King of the Home Missions Council, policies had been agreed upon, definite procedures Pastor Thomas E. Stevenson and several local outlined, a $3,900 budget for all purposes adopted, denominational representatives an interdenominational pastor it was my priceless privilege, secured, and the work was that memorable day, to par- under way with the good will ticipate in the dedication of and sympathetic support of all our attractive Grace Commu- concerned. During the first nity church in Boulder City, year, inadequate social service Nevada, most of whose 6,000 facilities and unsatisfactory people are directly or indirect- housing provisions for worship ly identified with the Hoover and church school exercises, Dam project. Despite the hampered the pastor's pro- efforts of extremist groups to gram. However, notwith- secure a foothold that would standing the characteristic have created competitive con- handicaps that hinder the ditions, Boulder City has only stabilization of pioneer proj- three other churches: as might ects, essential adaptations en- be expected, a Roman Catholic sured measurable progress: church; also, a modest Mormon Sunday services were held in church; and a struggling little one corner of the Anderson Episcopal church, thrust into Mess Hall, a courtesy that was that situation by an indi~idu- graciously granted; a varied alistic administrator over the schedule of helpful social and joint protest of several de- boy scout activities was fos- nominational home missionary tered in accessible dormitories secretaries, who had hoped for and homes, as well as out the establishment of a United under starry skies.

Protestantism in Boulder. "PARSON TOM" The Rev. Thomas E. Steven- Grace Community church is son, affectionately known as a well equipped, fully financed interdenomina- "Parson Tom" throughout Boulder City's social tional project, representing a $10,000 property strata, has become a confidential counselor to all investment of which $3,000 was contributed by classes, from the "graveyard shift" muck worker Boulder City people, sponsored and maintained to prominent officials of the six companies that by the following seven home missionary agencies: have contracted with the Federal Government to Baptist, Congregational, Disciples of Christ, build Hoover Dam. Girls and boys bring their Methodist Episcopal, Presbyterian U. S. A., personal problems to this big-hearted bachelor United Presbyterian and United Brethren. brother. During a brief period of fellowship in his Launched less than three years ago, located in modest bungalow home on dedication day, some the heart of a typical twentieth century city, the children actually called with a stray cat they had future of this "going concern," with a charter found, soliciting the advice of "Parson Tom" con- [384 ] cerning its disposition and finally urged him to the practice of infant baptism, there was no criticism adopt the forlorn kitten. With his background of those who do and availed themselves of the opporof World War religious work, plus a ten-year tunity to dedicate their children to Christ. fruitful pastorate in Burbank, California, where he specialized in youthful activities, it is safe to An Easter Cantata, entitled "Victory," rendered by assume that under this man's constructive lead- our chorus under the leadership of Mr. O. G. Patch, made a memorable evening service. A capacity audience of 429 crowded the church and many more, unable to get in, clustered around the building. Every department of work is prospering. The challenge of this great group, many of them chil- dren, makes me very thoughtful.

Seven Christian agencies and six commer- cial companies are engaged in an unprece- dented, tremendously significant twofold task at Hoover Dam and in Boulder City: the conservation of natural resources and the enrichment of human life. Both groups are positively committed to a cooperative program in the achievement of destiny de- termining objectives; interlocking interests are being capitalized ·to the decided advan- tage of related organizational units. The BOULDER CITY. NEVADA implications are prophetic of future service The capital of the Builders of the Hoover Dam possibilities in industry, as well as in the realm of religion, where interdenominational ership our Boulder City Interdenominational home missionary activities are increasing with Project, with its current budget of $3,200, will remarkable rapidity. This Boulder City and become self-supporting in a few years. . Hoover Dam dual experiment in Christian and A Recent Boulder City Pastoral Report shows commercial cooperation will be watched with in- SUbstantial progress in the development of our terest by thoughtful observers, and deserves to Grace Community church program. The follow- be studied by Christian leaders and statesmen.

ing items, culled from the Rev. Thomas E. Steven- Church comity pronouncements and practices son's April 19, 1933, summary statement, are are much more effective and continuous than par- suggestive: tially informed critics of Home Missions can con- A Christian Endeavor Society, with an enrollment ceive. Denominational board secretaries, with of twenty-seven, was organized among our high school age young people three weeks ago. The meetings are well attended.

Our Women's Bible Class overcrowded the church kitchen, so it was divided and we organ- ized a Young Matron',s Bible Class, with a mem- bership of forty interested women.

Passion Week was featured by the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper on Thursday evening, an impressive service with one hundred partici- pants. Several young people joined the church and three of my finest "Comrade Club" boys were baptized.

The Easter Sunrise Service (5: 30 a. m.) was a community matter. Only the Episcopalian church was unable to cooperate. The Roman Catholic church was represented by a layman who read the Scripture lesson. A Later Day GRACE COMMUNITY CHURCH, BOULDER CITY, NEVADA Saints' octette furnished ,special music and Elder Wortley spoke. The Rev. Sumner Reynolds of the very few exceptions, whole-heartedly endorse the Las Vegas Methodist Episcopal church, brought the Easter message. principle and practice of Christian cooperation. Pending proposals contemplate numerous inter- Twenty-four children were baptized at the Easter denomination'al project and personnel readjust- Sunday forenoon service. I know of nothing that ments in the interest of economy and efficiency; more effectively revealed the fine spirit of this church.

While many of our people do not personally approve scores of merger possibilities are under consider-

ation; and aggressive advances on organized nation, readiness to recognize and appreciate the Christianity's entire administrative and cultural spiritual assets of kindred agencies, and a sufront are planned. Unfaltering faith in the real- preme purpose to "seek first the Kingdom of God ity of moral and spiritual values, utter consecra- and His righteousness" constitute unalterable imtion to the task of developing a truly Christian peratives to genuine Christian progress.

Presbyterian Foreign Missions Important Action at the General Assembly I NTENSE interest centered about the report of .the Board to inquire carefully into the special fitness the standing Committee on Foreign Missions of all such candidates for their peculiar responsibility. . at the 145th General Assembly of the Presby- 2. Estimate of the Board of Foreign Missions terian Church, U. S. A., held in Columbus, Ohio The General Assembly is convinced that the work of (May 25-29), of which Dr. John McDowell was Dr. Robert E. Speer, our Senior Secretary, and his elected Moderator. The question of the attitude associates, and also the work of the missionaries in of the Presbyterian Church towards the Lay- the various foreign fields as a whole, deserves the men's Inquiry and related matters appeared to be whole-hearted, unequivocal, enthusiastic and affection- the one debatable issue. ate commendation of the church at large. We know Commissioners, as well as the pastors, in gen- that Dr. Speer stands absolutely true to the historic eral, had been provided with copies of a publica- doctrinal position of the Presbyterian Church, and we would be remiss if we did not testify to our recognition tion which contained an extended criticism of the that his entire life bears testimony to his supreme Board of Foreign Missions, its policies and its effort to extend the Gospel to humanity across the personnel. Some criticisms completely overshot· world. the mark and produced a reaction of protest. The Presbytery of Philadelphia overtured the As- The Assembly also expresses its thorough confidence sembly to elect only "orthodox" persons to mem- in the members of the Board of Foreign Missions and its belief that they have steadfastly endeavored, and bership and to insure "unswerving faithfulness" are endeavoring by every means within their power, in its candidates for missionary services and to support the secretaries and the missionaries of the warned of the "danger that lurks in union enter- Board in the Gospel enterprise.

prises." The larger majority of presbyteries, 3. The "Commission of Appraisal" of the "Laymen's however, commended the Board for its pro- Inquiry After One Hundred Years" nouncements and expressed warm confidence in its secretaries. The standing Committee on For- The General Assembly recognizes the profound ineign Missions, of which the Reverend Herbert terest in the foreign missions enterprise which is evi- Booth Smith, pastor of the Emmanuel church, denced in the painstaking and far-reaching enquiry, Los Angeles, was the chairman, presented a re- the results of which are stated in the volume entitled port which read (in part) as follows: "Re-Thinking Missions." The practical suggestions in- corporated in that volume have been considered by the After careful consideration of the Overtures pre- Board of Foreign Missions. The General Assembly sented, we submit the following recommendations as is content to leave the application of these suggestions the actions which we believe should be taken by this with the Board. The Assembly does, however, de-fi- General Assembly: nitely repudiate any and all theological statements 1. Doctrinal Statement and implications in that volume which are not in es- sential agreement with the doctrinal position of the The General Assembly reaffirms its loyal and com- Church. The Assembly cannot see its way clear to plete adherence to the doctrinal standards of the Pres- approve a complete centralized administration of byterian Church. We declare our belief that while Protestant foreign mission work.

certain truths may be found in other religions, com- 4. Method of Expressing Criticism plete and final truth is to be found in Jesus Christ alone through the religion of which He is the center. The General Assembly recognizes the right of any We recognize the necessity laid upon the Church as and all individuals in the Church to present criticisms His visible representative upon earth to bring His full of the program and work of any and all individuals or Gospel to the whole world as the final hope of men. agencies- which represent the Church in her various The Assembly lays upon the Presbyteries the duty enterprises. The Assembly, however, deplores the dis- of the most careful consideration .of the doctrinal posi- semination of propaganda calculated to break down tion of candidates ordained and presented to the Board faith in the sincerity of such representatives.

for missionary service, and at the same time instructs The Assembly would remind every constituent of

AT THE UNITED BRETHREN CONFERENCE

the Church that there are orderly methods of proce- into an ovation, the Assembly spontaneously risdure whereby through the established church courts ing to its feet and singing the hymn, "Blest Be all such representations ought to be made. The As- the Tie That Binds." Dr. Speer's address strongsembly disapproves all methods of approach which ly stirred the Assembly. would contravene such orderly methods, but would remind the Church that both in the common law of The irreconcilable editor of the periodical the land and certainly in Christian charity, a man which published the main attack on the Foreign must be held innocent until he is proven guilty of any Board afterwards issued a statement announcing charge; and that suspicion of motives is not adequate the formation of an independent Board of Forevidence against any man and certainly ought not to eign Missions, "by Bible believing Christians to be used in the Christian Church. promote truly Biblical and truly Presbyterian Mission work." This new Board seems to be in- 5. The Church's Responsibility Today tended to be a distributing agency for designated gifts to be sent only to "sound missionaries now The General Assembly recognizes that the need of in the field." The question arose whether the setthe world is supremely great and that the general un- ting up of such an independent organization by rest and flux of conditions demands supreme effort. pastors in the Church might not violate their or- The Assembly is highly gratified to have received many dination vows to seek the peace and unity of the earnest and whole-hearted commendations of the work Church. Without doubt, while there may be some of the Board, these commendations coming from prac- few Presbyterian missionaries who do not now tically every section of the Church. We, therefore, ap- stand four-square for the teachings of the Bible peal with all the power at our command for a loyal as accepted and interpreted by the Presbyterian sacrificial support of the work of foreign missions as Church, nevertheless their number is small and carried on by our Presbyterian Board. the missionaries as a whole stand firmly for the full authority and inspiration of the Scriptures The passages referring to the secretaries, the and the necessity of belief in the atoning work of confidence of the Church in the Board, and the de- Christ for personal salvation. The work of Presliverances of the Board with reference to the Lay- byterian missions is remarkable and reveals the men's Inquiry were vigorously applauded by the stamp of God's approval, as is witnessed by the Assembly. It was obvious that a minority report, reiterating criticism and offering nominees for the Board had very slight support. The majority report was carried overwhelmingly. When Dr. spiritual ingatherings and development of the Robert E. Speer rose to present the interpreta- Church in Korea, West Africa, Miraj (India), tion of the year's work, the applause developed North China, Persia and other missions.

. At the United Brethren Conference By DR. S. G. ZIEGLER General Secretary, Foreign Mission Society T HE quadrennial General Conference of the For the protection of the family by the single stand- United Brethren in Christ met in Akron, ard of purity, uniform marriage and divorce laws, and Ohio, .May 9-17. Growth in membership adequate housing. was reported as two and a half per cent, with a net gain of sixty-seven per cent in the past three For the abolition of child labor. decades. During that same period the average For the distribution of the products of industry as contribution per member has grown from $8.56 to eliminate extreme poverty and extreme wealth. to $15.58 for local expenses and benevolences, For social and economic planning that shall alleviate with 21,541 tithers. and tend to eliminate unemployment. For economic justice to the farmer that will provide The Home and Foreign Mission Departments for farm families and communities security and culyet carry almost a full staff of workers, but pres- tural opportunities. ent financial conditions threaten the detention of For the building of an economic order that is not missionaries now home on furlough. founded on the acquisitive instinct and the profit mo- tive, but on the service motive and the instinct of love. At a stirring missionary rally some thirty rep- For the changing of the hearts of men to fit them to resentatives from the home and foreign fields become citizens of this new Christian economic order. appeared on the platform. One field reported a We believe that war is contrary to the spirit of sixteen per cent growth in its work and several Christ and the Gospel of Love and Brotherhood which showed large progress in self-support. we profess. . . . .. We hold, therefore, that a citizen's loyalty to his country should not be based upon his The conference made the following declarations: willingness to bear arms contrary to his conscience or to take part in war as a combatant contrary to his We stand for equal rights and complete justice for moral convictions. all men in all stations of life.

Ways of

crested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=I==================—I~ OUR METHODS KALEIDO- jective – full Christian training (Farrington-Peery), and a club SCOPE for each child. At the first meet- ing half the children were given picture, Copping's "Hope of the It is the aim of this depart- bits torn from American news- World," a postcard size copy of ment to provide usable, attested papers and the other half bits in this painting being the memberplans for every line of church foreign tongues. Each was told missionary activity. Turn our to read aloud her clipping, ship card and a large framed kaleidoscope this month and see whether she could or not, and in copy the center of interest in the how many suggestions you can this way the "foreign" and "do- room. This club room is a spefind to meet your need for a more mestic" groups located their cial delight and affords opporeffective activation of the Great members, each group retiring to tunity not only for decoration Commission. a different corner of the room, which became its "field" there- with home touches such as cur- Laying the Foundations with after. In each group two of the tains and plants, but with pic- oldest girls were chosen to be re- tures, posters (affixed with the Children spectively "guide" and "assistant clamps to wires strung along the guide." The guide was made re- walls so they may be readily By FLORENCE GORDON sponsible for attendance, atten- tion and a certain amount of changed from time to time), and Grove Reformed Church, supervised instruction in her shelves holding a museum of New Durham, N. J. group, as well as passing on the missionary curios-objects from announcements, gathering up the For a year past a group of opinions and desires, etc. Thus all over the world, many of girls with a difficult age-range- she acquires leadership experi- which come to us by way of the from seven to seventeen – has ence, and the smaller girls-who been meeting voluntarily for al- look up to those of high school five- and ten-cent stores. The most three hours each Friday age – have the benefit of her home mission group decorated afternoon, winter and summer, helpfulness and assistance. A becoming acquainted with folk Christian family atmosphere of one-half, of our room and the forall over the world and truly en- older and younger sister cooper- eign the other. Flags of all lands joying the process. In a delib- ation is the result. add color, the Christian flag in a erate attempt to create in youth prominent place being saluted those friendly attitudes that will During the past year the domean interested, informed mem- mestic group paid especial atten- at each meeting. The club room bers of adult missionary groups tion to the American Indian and was formally dedicated in one of later on, the content and pres- the foreign to the Chinese; but those simple, impressive cereentation of subject matter at the each group was also interested weekly gatherings has had to be in the other's projects and all monies so dear to children, to modified to suit the ages of the united in imaginary trips to bring light, warmth and refreshchildren, methods of enlisting other fields at home and abroad. ment to all who enter. their interest opening up as the When friendly competition was children themselves pointed the employed in missionary games, The club pin is only the fiveway. Experience has shown the etc., it was never between indi- cent button provided by the deprime value of physical activity, viduals, as stars, but always beconstant variety, indirect in- tween groups. nomination, but it is cherished struction through purposeful because it was formally conplay, a certain amount of digni- A MISSIONARY CLUB ferred at an induction ceremony, fied, formal ceremonial, and free participation of all in a con- The boy wants his bunch or after a member had attended at certed, self-directed program. gang: to the girl there is magic least three meetings and had in the very word club; so this is come to appreciate the sig- The wide age-range presented termed a missionary club. It nificance of the watchword, a problem; but since it was a has a club song, "All the World" "Others," and the club promise: condition and not a theory, it "I am Number Three. I will try was made to serve the total ob- [388 ] to put Christ first in my life and other people second, and to think of myself last of all." As the guide brings forward the candi- date to make her promise and receive her pin, those already in- ducted, standing in the form of a cross, renew their own prom- ise, and then all join hands to

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

sing, "Blest Be the Tie That girls, one of the latter serving church perplexed and troubled Binds." as pianist. The motto of the us. Finally we concluded that leader in a children's group most of those who lacked inter- Music, pictures, dramatics, should be never to do anything est in missions were indifferent poetry, etc., are used to enrich herself which she can teach one because they were uninformed the program. Eyegate is so im- of the children to do. upon the subject (despite mis- sionary sermons and Sunday portant that newspapers and All-day meetings were held school lessons) and made very magazines must be searched con- during the summer. Inexpensive little effort to inform themselves. stantly for appropriate pictures trips were taken in the mornings With this in mind we decided to to be mounted on construction and a box luncheon eaten out of present a series of programs that paper and displayed prominently doors, with the regular meeting through the meeting. For a in the church in the afternoon. would make these indifferent Negro program, a spiritual may Some outings were purely rec- members see' the vital, human be learned, or an old English reational; others were trips to ballad for one on the Kentucky an Indian museum, etc. All elements in mission work. Mountaineers. Reading aloud in through the year attempt was made to enlarge the horizons of The plan we used was easy and school is a chore; but in a club the girls by tying up their proved very effective. The meeting girls volunteer eagerly groups to the work of other or- prayer-meeting hour each week, ganizations with world purposes. during the month of January, to read brief poems or clippings. Thus the girls joined in the cur- was our best time for the pres- Above all do they welcome "il- rent project of the Committee on entation of these programs. lustrated" stories, paper dolls or World Friendship among Chilother objects visualizing the ac- dren, sending a portfolio to Early in December, 30 of the China. On the World Day of young people of high school age tion and stories that they may Prayer the special service for act out themselves. Memorizing children was used and plans are were called together. The puris not needed, a few typewritten now laid for a peace observance pose of the meeting was exlines suggesting the speeches. on World Goodwill Day. plained, then each one present Much instruction and all re- NECESSARY INGREDIENTS was asked to impersonate a defiview is given in game form. nite missionary, a native worker Handwork is popular-building Something to do, something to or some other character from foreign homes and villages, look at, something to sing-these one of our mission fields. Each are necessary ingredients of chil- was then given a brief outline of coloring pictures, pasting posters dren's meetings. No one type of of all lands, making paper dolls activity may be maintained too the life of the person he or she in foreign costumes. The older long. Change to another before was to represent and a few facts the child is quite willing; for by descriptive of the country or girls do the more difficult tasks the time he is willing, he is place where his prototype had and help the smaller ones. This weary. At each meeting the aim handwork serves two purposes; is, "something new," nothing lived and worked. This inforfor not only do the girls develop "blue"; and for the "something mation he was asked to learn so a world feeling as they work, but old," the simple rituals gone that he could tell it in his own through regularly will give fa- words and in the first person. the finished products are placed miliarity that adds precious Usually one rehearsal was all in the kindergarten sand table weight to a meaningful cereor used to help decorate for the mony. The pledge of loyalty to that was required. Five or more Sunday school entertainment or the Christian flag, the marching of these characters were used with song into various signifi- each week. They were grouped sent to the tots in day nurseries cant formations to recite the according to the mission field or and hospital wards, thus teach- watchword, purpose, policy and enterprise which' they repreing the essence of missions- promise, the world-friendship sharing. symbolic circle in which the clos- sented. Each was dressed in ing benediction is said – these costume and told his story in five The offering is related to the set the tone for the more in- minutes or less. topic studied, even the collection formal parts of the afternoon and are the parts the club mem- Some of the programs were plate being varied each time. If bers would last relinquish. the offering is to help a little In- presented in an informal mandian girl in school, an Indian Missionary for One Night- ner, the characters sit tin g basket, a paper tepee or a small around among the people and a Plan for Pastors each in a conversational manner Indian cradle may stand under giving his experience, just as a the Christian flag. A Chinese How to arouse and keep alive visitor in one's home might tell tray or a straw shoe suggests a the missionary interest of the Chinese object. An empty milk of his work or travels. There was always special music to suit bottle is mute evidence that hungry children wait for pennies the occasion.

and nickels from the more for- Another year the plan was tunate. varied somewhat. We made ar- When a missionary hymn, a rangements with our missionary headquarters to send us a misnew offertory prayer or a bene- sionary speaker for each of the diction is to be learned, the four meetings during the month. guides are furnished with copies This speaker was to bring a of the words and teach their

message along human interest Where rewards at the end of your Mission Society of the VVorld was journey await. and inspirational lines, and was laid out in imagination upon a in no way to discuss the money (Business and Refreshments.) table, a section cut off for the side of missions. However, in Scrap Book Contest. Mrs. A. portion of it in this country, this order that the financial side of divided into branches (the demthe question should not be over- T. Mac Donel, of Lima, Ohio, onstration being given by the looked, we planned as a part of tells of the interest aroused by Cincinnati Branch), and the each program a ten-minute pag- running a contest on scrap books eant. This was given before the covering Indian pictures, items, branches into auxiliaries func- etc., the judges being selected tioning in individual churches. speaker delivered his address from outside the church (from The part played by each branch and dealt with the financing of the staff of the public library) is so small that it might have to the particular field to be dis- and the points being as follows: be put under the microscope to cussed. The preparation of the pageants gave us fUrther oppor- 1. Most interesting. become visible; but even one 2. Neatest. germ-infested part or one small tunity to enlist and hold the in- 3. Greatest number of clippings. non-functioning organ – how it terest of the young people. The 4. Best illustrations. will affect the vital activity of programs attracted wide atten- 5. Best arrangement. the whole body!

tion, had a splendid effect upon The first prize given as an VVe will now listen to Dr. Athose taking part, and without award was an Indian picture (the vice-president of the ordoubt stimulated a general inter- from Alaska, the second a vase ganization) tell how many memest in missions throughout the from Mexico, the third an idol bers (termed corpuscles) there church.* are in the blood stream of the and the fourth a little tray from VV. F. M. S., how many are ill Plans for the Young People a mission field. and in need of special treatment, A Missionary Treasure Hunt. The contest having been held how many are in need of a tonic, Mrs. C. E. Timberlake of Shady- among guild girls, the books are side, Ohio, tells how, on a pleas- to be taken to the VVorld VVide etc…… . ant summer evening, the follow- Guild State Convention and later Next we will hear the special ing clues were posted and fol- sent to the general convention. lowed out, beginning at the Mrs. Mac Donel adds: "The plan surgeons of Stewardship tell church, the plan being adapted went over big and will probably what treatment or operations from that used by Boy Scouts. be repeated next year." are necessary to bring in all the (The clues, herein adapted from the original, may be arranged to Summer Blossoms that Turn uninterested members ….. . suit any local conditions.) into Christmas Fruit. Not only Dr. B- will next read the re- young folk but their elders may profitably forget the heat of mid- port of the last clinic (secre- tary's report) and give sugges- tions for' improving the pa- tient ….. . summer while they celebrate an Dr. C- will now speak with TREASURES FOR THE SOUL early Christmas in the way of the decoration of a growing tree Where the road runs west and the the authority of a Dr. of Litera- lights hang low, on lawn or in woodland, using tUre (literature secretary) ….. durable articles of ascertained Stand three white houses all in a row. need for any definite mission Dr. D- (the treasurer) In the middle one an elder looks field or fields. Hang the gifts on knows more about heartbeats For this group to enter with its papers the tree or pile underneath: give than any other, since money lies a program of Christmas celebra- nearest the heart of many. She and books. tions on fields all around the will tell us what to do to bring (Devotions. ) world: render Christmas music up the subnormal temperature of and, if feasible, close with a suit- the patient. TREASURES FOR THE MIND able pageant. Packing the gifts attractively may well end the de- Similarly the extension secre- Go to the left a hundred paces; lightful afternoon. This makes tary talks about absent treat- Follow the path as its way it traces; an ideal project for a Sunday ment and dosage; the program Enter a cottage where an elm hangs school picnic. committee e x p I a ins whether ether is needed before adminis- low; For the Women's Society tering worthful programs, and Turn on the light – your hostess you shows how programs may aid digestion, etc. know. (Study Books.) The membership chairman, as TREASURES FROM LANDS FAR AWAY Leaving this home, go four blocks east, To a house where awaits you the pro- gram feast.

(Topical Program.) A plan for a Missionary Clinic Dr. H-, offers suggestions for TREASURES FOR BODY AND SOUL was given at a Methodist VVom- treatment of malnutrition, etc. an's Foreign Missionary Society Turn south as you leave this friendly meeting at Lakeside, Ohio, this The clinic finally adjourns door purporting to give all the latest after a prescription is written for daily doses of Bible read- And go to the place where the – – ' s lived of yore. "inside information" about the ing, prayer, missionary litera- Turn to your left and enter a gate, workings of that society. De- ture and the like. A diagram • From Church Business, Duplex Envelope spite the prejudice ag~inst vivi- will greatly aid in working up Co., Richmond, Va. Copyrighted. section, the VVomen's Foreign this project. The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~,=,==========================I~ A REVEALING FORESIGHT A NATION'S FREEDOM purpose be asked by each of us, "And he showed me a river of Where the mind is without fear What am I doing today to set water of life bright as and the head is held high; our nation free from fear, from crystal. ….. ignorance, from false ideas, Where knowledge is free; ideals? Have we today one con- And on this side of the river Where the World has not been viction about life and its mean- and on that was the tree of ing which we against all hin- life ….. . broken up into fragments drances would carry "to the very by n a r row domestic And the leaves of the tree were walls; borders of death" and beyond? for the healing of the na- Where words come out from the tions. depth of truth; A CHALtENGE TO THE Where tireless striving stretches YOUTH OF AMERICA And there shall be no more any- its arms towards perfec- thing accursed …… " tion; The time is at hand for deter- Where the clear stream of rea- -John in Revelation. son has not lost its way mined as well as intelligent into the dreary sand of *** dead habit; peace action on the part of our- Where the mind is led forward ANOTHER SEER by Thee into ever-widen- selves as Christian leaders. The ing thought and action- "And the wolf shall dwell with Into that heaven of freedom, my Young People's Committee of the lamb, and the leopard shall Father, let my country lie down with the kid; and the awake. the Council is cooperating with calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little -Rabindranath Tagore. the Department of International child shall lead them." The prayer for "A Nation's Justice and Goodwill of the Fed- They shall not hurt nor de- Freedom" by the poet beloved by stroy in all my holy mountain; his people not only for his art eral Council of Churches to bring for the earth shall be full of the but also for his service to them, knowledge of Jehovah as the may well be the prayer of pa- about a determined will-to-peace waters cover the sea. triotic citizens of every nation. on the part of the young people -The Prophet Isaiah. At the present writing, in the poet's land there is another great of our churches and of our com- *** citizen who for the sake of his people (some of whom despise munities. PRAYER him) is enduring what the Christian Century (May 17) "Shall guns destroy men or Dear Lord of all mankind and calls "Gandhi's Ordeal." The our Father, cause us too to see editorial points out that "per- shall men conquer guns ?" is the river of water of life in our haps it may again prove that vicstreet. Help us all to recognize tory for a human ideal is most asked by Miss Woolley in the the tree of life and find the surely achieved by one who carleaves which will bring healing ries that ideal to the very borders first sentence of the Foreword to to the nations so that in our day of death. . . . .. For the Chrisin accordance with thy Will, we tian mind Gandhi's ordeal a booklet "Men Conquer Guns." shall fulfill the seer's vision that strongly suggests the cross of a child shall be in the midst of Christ." The Foreword was writen May the wolves and lambs and not be hurt or destroyed. Use each of You who read this may ob- 1, 1933. The booklet contains us to hasten the day when com- ject to the comparison between mon sense and thy Will shall pre- Gandhi and Jesus. Yet it may thirteen brief chapters of graphvail over all the earth. Increase in all seriousness of mind and our faith, we pray. Amen. ic accurate material useful in se- [391 ] curing intelligent participation of young people. The plan in- cludes "Two Minute Interview on Disarmament" to be secured by young people and then sum- marized thoughtfully by them- selves. Both the booklet (20 cents apiece or 15 cents in lots of ten or more) and additional interview cards and "A Chal- lenge to the Youth of America"

(,free with payment of postage) can be secured from the Depart- ment of International Justice and Goodwill at above address, or through our office. . 'indirect administration,' which in old times succeeded with the Cherokee Tribe and with the Pueblos, and which is now suc- ceeding among dependent peo- ples as widely distributed as Asia, Africa, Canada and Mex- ico, can be made effective in our Government's Indian work.

"The Indian task of the years STATEMENT ahead is a task of cooperation who are going out from the between the Government's of- larger schools this summer, but By JOHN COLLIER he is primarily concerned with ficers and the Indians of every what can be done to make these Commissioner of Indian Affairs tribe, and the many welfare as- sociations serving the Indian camps such as will contribute to In taking office, April 21, 1933, cause. The attitude of Congress the whole welfare and future life Mr. Collier stated his policy, of in Indian matters has been in- and training of the people. The which the following sentences creasingly generous and just are excerpts: J oint Indian Committee of the across recent years. But the Home Missions Council and "I conceive that our task is to paramount responsibility is with Council of Women for Home bring about liberty and positive the Indians themselves. Within Missions is now planning ways opportunity for the Indians the limits of a protecting guard- and means of cooperating with within an undiminished respon- ianship, the power should be the government in this entersibility by the United States for prise. In a later Bulletin the their welfare. theirs. The race to be run is project will be described more their race. I shall try to be use- fully. "The years ahead are going to be peculiarly difficult. The con- ful to them."

ditions which will create diffi- THE INDIANS ARE NOT THE AMERICAN INDIAN culty can also, I believe, be made favorable to needed reorganiza- "FORGOTTEN MEN" AND CHRISTIAN tions and to the emancipation and social betterment of the In- A government project for the MISSIONS dians. relief of unemployment through reforestation is under way. Re- By GEORGE WARREN HINMAN "The social, educational and forestation, in the sense used by health services of the States and the Forestry Division of the Gov- The Honorable Samuel A. counties can be made available ernment, will cover actual plant- Eliot, chairman of the United to the Indians, supplementing ing of trees, work on roads for States Board of Indian Commisthe Federal services, through fire protection, the conservation sioners, writes in the Introduccontracts between the Federal of water, protection from ero- tion to this book: Government and the States, sion, and the like. The Indian while preserving in t act the Office has asked Dr. Jay B. Nash, "This book should bring to guardianship which the United Professor of Education of New Americans the fact that within States owes to the Indians. York University, to take charge our own borders there are these of this work. Associated with considerable groups of peculiarly "I strongly believe that the re- him will be the head of the for- interesting people who need the sponsibility of the United States, estry, employment, and health help of Christian citizens. It as guardian of the. Indians, divisions of the Indian Bureau. should d iff use information, ought to be continued. Federal The present plan is to set up arouse sympathy, stimulate genresponsibility for the property- these camps in small units, sev- erosity. It should reassure the less or so-called non-ward Indi- eral on some of the larger reser- mission boards, and their repans should be reasserted. With- vations in order that there will resentatives in the field, of the in the continuing guardianship be not more than a hundred to significance and importance of it is possible to establish a the camp. This work must be their work. It should cause the framework of Indian rights and on tribal land and must come churches to see to it that their responsibilities, and of Indian under the term "reforestation." missionaries are furnIshed with self-help. Administrative reor- The Indians needing work may a more adequate training for the ganizations, and new legislation, have to be transported to neigh- special field of service to which will be required to this end. boring reservations where such they are commissioned; that work is possible. There will they are given the equipment "The constitutional guaran- probably be about two hundred necessary for efficient work, and tees, with all that they imply, of these camps. the facilities for establishing can be made a reality for the In- friendly personal relations with dians without any curtailment the people they want to help."

of the Federal responsibility for Dr. Nash is not only interested Published by Fleming H. Revell Company Indian welfare. The method in giving employment to the In- at $1.50 a copy. Orders for ten copies to dians, many of them young men one address for ten dollars can be secured which has come to be known as through Dr. Hinman, care of Commission on Missions, 287 Fourth Avenue, New York City.

AMERICA which stands in a congested sec- garding the cause and cure

tion with 70,000 people inside of Perils to Children seven minutes' walk-American war; to write an analysis of not people, once prosperous, and more than 800 words of the an- Grace Abbott, Chief of the now in need. Dr. Mecklenburg swers given. Children's Bureau of the De- over the radio first begged partment of Labor, says in her clothes, and helped to clothe To be efficient peace crusad- Annual Report: ers, young people must know the facts regarding world problems.

Child welfare workers everywhere 4,000 people. Then he appealed The s e facts, presented in a look to the coming year with much to the farmers and received unique and readable style, are anxiety. Multitudes of children today eighteen truck loads of surplus now available in a new ninetyare underfed, poorly clothed and bad- vegetables which he distributed. six-page pamphlet, en tit led ly housed. This means that their In August, 1932, he had three "Men Conquer Guns," issued by physical resistance is low and they thousand unemployed men ready the Federal Council of Churches. are subjected to many temptations to to offer work to farmers and This pamphlet deals with such obtain what they need by unlawful others in exchange for farm questions as disarmament, the means. Poverty of parents also de- products. Farmers within thirty Japan-China controversy, the prives the children of other privileges miles of Minneapolis had plenty new German situation, the in education and healthful amuse- League of Nations, the traffic in ments. Boys, whose homes are broken of work to do but were unable arms, the relations of the United up take to "the road" and fall in with to pay. They were glad to trade States to the world's peace maevil companions. The Children's Aid their products for help. So men chinery, international security, Society reports that 2,000 boys from went out to paint buildings, fix and the stake of Christianity in the East sought shelter and food in fences, dig potatoes, pick apples. the peace movement. Young Los Angeles last year and over 5,000 The Organized Unemployed paid boys came to New York City in search people are invited to organize of employment. The Church, the these men in scrip; the farmer State and social agencies must work hauled in produce he was unable study groups for a discussion of out some plan to prevent the de- to sell. This was stored until moralization of the youth. there were 100,000 bushels of these vital world issues. These eatables. The fuel problem was Salvation Army Relief Work tackled in the same way. Un- study groups can be formed in employed were sent out to the The annual yearbook of the young people's societies, schools, Salvation Army, recently issued, shows that during 1932, the colleges and elsewhere.

Army provided 12,147,299 beds farms to chop and clear land. Youth Interest Grows for the homeless and served Gasoline companies have do- 36,670,115 meals to the hungry. nated gasoline to pay for trans- The Congregational Yearbook Temporary or permanent work port. At the time of writing reports a gain in eleven years of was provided for 340,839, and the Organized Unemployed have 70,000 in the membership of 286,082 persons we replaced a thousand men in thirty-five young people's societies. Harry through the employment bu- wood camps, and the commis- Stock comments: sary is able to feed them on reaus. Never before, in the thirty cents a day. From small It is significant that there has been Army's activities, covering more beginnings has grown a great a gain each successive year and in than 50 years, has this organ- system of cooperative living in almost every state. This 70 per cent ization occupied such an out- which 17,000 families cooperate, increase cannot be explained away; standing place in helping those and 7,000 people actually receive it at least shows a one-way trend in distress. It ranks with the their sustenance through this free from downward dips. Anyone system of relief. acquainted with the field will grant Red Cross in relief work. There that this represents a healthy, normal is real need of spiritual relief Youth Peace Program growth which has been free from work also and the Army con- contests and other artificial stimuli. tinues its ministry to the souls It is due to summer conferences, an of those who have need of To aid youth in the development increasing number of aggressive state Christ. . of a public opinion against war, and district secretaries, the estab- lishment of a Young People's Depart- Church Helps Unemployed the Federal Council is launching ment in the Education Society, and a Three-Point Peace Project. the improvement in materials avail- The Christian Advocate tells Young people are invited to do able to local leaders. It is significant the story of relief work directed that in a depression year, such as by Dr. Mecklenburg, pastor of three things: to study the peace 1932, our forty summer conferences the Wesley church, Minneapolis, and war problem; to interview maintained their high peak of total their friends and neighbors re- enrolment.

[ 393 ]

Plans for Evangelism lished and distributed Christian meet July 25-28 at the Univer- The National Convention of literature in 181 languages. Up sity of Chicago, under the aus- Evangelists and C h r i s t ian to the present time, 849,000,000 pices of the Haskell Foundation Workers, recently held at In- pieces of Christian literature Institute, to consider the gendianapolis, was attended by have been circulated by the So- eral theme, "Modern Trends in 100,000 people during its eight ciety. In 1932 the Soc i ety World Religions," which will be days' session. Reports from printed and distributed over concerned with a critical survey every part of the United States 5,000,000 pieces of literature in of the impact of modern social indicates that pas tor sand forty languages. Two-thirds of and intellectual forces upon rechurches are preparing for new this number were supplied free ligions. Among the speakers emphasis on evangelism and are to meet the needs of groups that will be Dr. Hu Shi, a leader in arranging for revivals during have suffered severe financial educational reforms; Mr. K. losses. The records of the So- Natarajan, editor of the Indian the year. Many of these evan- ciety show that its colporteurs Social Reformer; Prof. Morgelists are engaged for months have, during its entire history, decai Kaplan, of the Jewish visited two and one-half million . Theological Seminary of Amerahead and some for over a year. homes and conducted 650,000 ica; Prof. Lewis Hodous, Hart- More than 2,000 decisions for religious meetings, and that ford Seminary; Bishop Francis Christ were reported by the pas- they and the various agencies of J. McConnell and others. They tors of Indianapolis and sur- the Society have sold 18,000,000 will together seek solutions to rounding towns through work religious books. Fifteen colpor- sue h problems as Poverty- teurs are now working in Great- Amidst-Plenty, Unemployment, of the evangelists in the various er New York and vicinity, and Racial and Religious Persecuchurches during the convention.

-United Presbyterian.

others are laboring in various tion, Fear, Prejudice, Disarma- Missionary Education at parts of the country among neg- ment, War. lected groups of all nationalities. Blairstown The Society makes a specialty Pennsylvania Federation For thirty years the Mission- of Americanization work. Here are a few achievements ary Education Movement has Cooperation in San Francisco of Church Federation in Pennheld missionary conferences at Silver Bay, N. Y., to study mis- Few American communities sylvania: sionary work in its ideals, pro- enjoy such a wide range of choice in the matter of religious It has practically united the gram, and methods. Missionary interpretation and expression as education is a vital part of the San Francisco's Chinatown, a Protestant churches of the program of the Church, and compact area with some 20,000 these are days when there is Chinese. The Presbyterians State. There are 2,800,000 great need for a higher type of operate two plants under the leadership for the Church. men's and women's boards, the Protestant church members. Of Methodists the same. One estab- This summer the missionary lishment each is maintained by these, 1,685,000 are officially education conference is to be the Episcopalians, Baptists, Distransferred to Blairstown, N. J., ciples and Cumberland Presby- connected with the Pennsylvania where it will be connected with terians. Several of these groups the School of Methods of the conduct educational and social Council of Churches and more New Jersey Council of Religious service activities in addition to Education (July 3-14). strictly religious propaganda. than 250,000 others are affil- There is also a large Y. M. C. A. The buildings of Blair Acad- The Roman Catholics maintain iated. emy for Boys are well equipped a large school and cburch. For for housing the conference, many years home mission execu- Denominations are united in which is open, at a moderate tives have sought to coordinate cost, to all over seventeen years all this work, but the net result a cooperative church program, of age in the area of New York, so far is only the Hip Wah New Jersey, New England, school in which the parent including Comity and MSisoscioinasi Pennsylvania, Delaware, Mary- boards of the Methodists, Pres- Religious Education, land, Washington, D. C. Full byterians and Congregationalinformation can be secured from ists have united. wSeirtvhiceev,aInngteelrinsmatioasnatlhRe eplraetvioainls~ Council of Women for Home ing motive. Missions, 105 East 22d St., New York. It has made possible a state- wide survey to show where are overchurching and underchurch- ing.

It has been cooperating with the Pennsylvania State Sabbath School Association in the sphere of religious education and has been successful in helping to co- ordinate most of the more prom- inent organizations of the State which are doing work among American Tract Socie1ty -Christian Century. the young people of konuorwndaay~ through a Committee At its 108th annual meeting, May 3, the American Tract So- Trends in World's Religions the Unified Staff. It has stood firmly for prociety reported that it had, since Representatives of the six hibition and law enforcement, its organization in 1825, pub- great religions of the world will and has not neglected to use

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

every opportunity in supporting represented the Christian and Alliance Missions in S.. A. and strengthening movements for a better observance of the Missionary Alliance in China, The Christian and Missionary Lord's Day. Alliance has missionary inter- Borneo and Bali, for many ests in five of the South Ameri- Negro Church Members years. -So S. Times. Five million American Ne- groes are communicant church LATIN AMERICA can Rep ubI i c s,-Argentina, . members, with m ore than Chile, Peru, Ecuador and Colom- 2,000,000 Sunday-school schol- ars. They have thousands of Young Cuban Christians bia. The total staff of mission- well organized parishes. It is aries on these fields is 74, exclu- impressive to visit the Abyssin- ian Baptist church in Harlem Dr. McCall, a Baptist mission- sive of a large native ministry. with a congregation filling not only its huge auditorium up- ary in Cuba, says that it is un- In Argentina and Chile there stairs, but its rooms below which are served by amplifiers; usual to find a young man in are thriving native churches, or St. Mark's or Mother Zion church with several thousand that island who is a faithful self-governing but not wholly worshippers on Sunday. St. Philip's Episcopal church has church member without a copy self-supporting. A Bible school every kind of organization for each age and sex. The Olivet of the New Testament in his has been opened in Peru. Work Baptist church in Chicago has a membership of ten thousand, pocket. Dr. McCall further says, . among jungle Indians is being probably the largest in the coun- try, and a budget of $50,000. "We could name any number of conducted in Peru and Ecuador, One of the best proofs of the genuine Christianity of the Ne- young fellows from whom you and an encouraging number gro Church in America is the active missionary work it· is could ask a Testament any time have accepted Christ. In Ecua- carrying on in the home country and Canada, in the West Indies, anywhere and not be disap- dor, Alliance work is in three in South America and in most parts of Africa, spending yearly pointed." They not only carry sections,-t h e Coastal Prov- $550,000. their New Testaments but they inces, the Quichua Indians of -The Living Church. use them when they find an op- the Sierras and those of the Famous Christian Daily portunity to discuss the Word jungle. -Alliance Weekly. The Toronto Globe is now of God with their associates in nearing a century of service. This daily of large circulation school, in business, on the Pushing Forward in Brazil and powerful influence is unique streets,-wherever they happen among metropolitan newspapers to be. -World Comrades. Southern Presbyterians report because of its uncompromising that their most conspicuous ad- Christian testimony. Not only does it give special attention to Interest in Guatemala vance of the year has been in church affairs and Christian ac- North Brazil, where evangelistic tivities, but for many years it has published every Wednesday Dr. L. P. Sullenberger, pastor work was begun in a hitherto on its editorial page a Christian message of t rue evangelical of Guatemala City church, re- unreached section of vast pro- character. The Globe's "Wed- nesday Sermon," as many affec- ports a noticeable growth of portions in the far interior of tionately term it, has been a spiritual interest during the the states of Pernambuco, Para- landmark in daily newspaper journalism for many years, and year. "Never have there been hyba and Ceara, un de r the continues without interruption. so many professed conversions, direction of Rev. Langton Hen- The president of the company nor so much interest among derlite. Associating with him- is a brother of R. A. Jaffray, one of the leading missionary states- older believers. Sunday-school self five evangelists and one men in the world today, having attendance has maintained an colporteur, and selecting a num- a verage of above 450; cottage ber of strategic centers along meetings have multiplied to five the frontier several hundred each week, with requests for miles inland, he has opened a two more; Bible classes and work that has gone forward workers' training classes have with an abundant fruitfulness been established by the young reminiscent of apostolic days.

people and there are requests He has found a population spir- for more. Several series of itually starved, hungry for the evangelistic meetings have been Gospel's message of hope and held with good results, a great salvation, out of which there deal of personal work is being have already been 149 conver- done and the city is becoming sions, despite the fact that the more and more evangelized. In work is only a year old.

the out-fields there has been Brazil is one of the most flour- good progress also. Native men ishing mission fields in the in the Presbytery are taking world. -Christian Observer.

more responsibility and initia- tive. In three fields there has Among Primitive Indians been commendable growth-El William M. Strong, of the Progreso, Sanarte and Cabanas. Soldiers' Gospel Mision in Chile, In El Rancho, El Progreso and writes of the opportunity to pre- Sanarate there are new prop- sent the Gospel to groups of In- erties and new chapels have dians who were alarmed over been constructed at the first two reports that the end of the world places." -Guatemala News. was near. Some of the chiefs

become so concerned that they Christ. . . . C h r i s t ian i t y is mains to be seen. The Thiirindecided to call their people to- neither a Sunday dress in which gen Christian Press Bureau gether to see what ought to be one forgets the sorows of life, states that the loss of religious done about it. The movement at nor a narcotic against suffering, belief at comparatively trifling first had nothing of a religious but on the contrary a power causes lead to suicide and that nature, but recognizing this as which in all difficulties of every- the example of others seems so an opportunity a messenger was day life helps us to achieve vic- infectious that it has become a tory." veritable epidemic. dispatched to tell them that someone was corning to town The movement is mainly Opportunities in Poland who knew quite a bit about the among students of colleges and secondary schools. There are The Rev. Gaither P. Warfield subject of the end of the world, now 2,200 members in sixty-five in the World Outlook reviews and also what to do about it; groups. There are Bible discus- the solid, encouraging growth of and inviting them to gather at sions, talks on vital problems the Polish Mission and then a certain large warehouse, pre- and class work for the younger strikingly describes the need groups. The watchword for and opportunity for the Gospel pared with seats for their ac- boys is "Purity, Temperance, in that land: commodation. On the day ap- Honesty," and for girls "Purity, pointed for the meeting they Loyalty, Service." Volumes could be written on the began to arrive long before the opportunities for Christ in Poland. appointed time, and when the -Christian Irishman. Under the influence of modern social trends the masses are turning away hour for the meeting came it The Bible in Spain from formalistic religion and clericalwas found that seven different ism. Dissatisfied with the old forlocalities were represented. The Since the Spanish Republic mulre, they are unconsciously looking message was simply giw;n, the declared for religious freedom, for an answer to their spiritual hun- Spaniards have taken to reading ger. Every Polish town or city coneffort being to show them how the Bible (says Reuter's Madrid tains a group of those seekers who to prepare for the coming of the Correspondent) . eagerly welcome and accept the un- King of kings. adulterated message of the Gospels. So many packets of Bibles When we turn to professional and -Moody Institute Monthly. now reach Madrid from Britain educational circles, we find an even that the small hand-cart in greater contempt for all forms of Baptisms Increase which they were carried from petrified religion. As a young psy- the local station to the offices of chologist said to me recently: "In The number of baptisms re- the Bible Society has had to be W-arsaw and most Polish cities over ported by the churches in the six replaced by a motor-van. The eight per cent of all educated Poles Latin-American Baptist Mission figures of 190,554 Bibles and are totally indifferent to religion fields, totaling 1,797, has not New Testaments sold in 1931 as as presented by the established been exceeded in any previous compared with 130,554 sold in churches." Yet these same individuyear. In 1930 the churches re- 1930 clearly shows the consider- als are intensely interested in life and ported 1,772 baptisms. A com- able increase in sales. all ethical and moral problems de- volving from it. We have found from parative table covering the past Two of Spain's present Cabi- experience that their hearts are open three years follows: net Ministers, it seems, were to any message that rings true. What educated in Protestant schools, rich possibilities among them the fu- 1930-31 1931-3~ 193~-33 and the Republican Government ture holds for us! In a wide measure is m 0 r e favorable towards it depends on the church at home Mexico …. 246 254 326 spreading the use of the Bible. whether we shall fulfil the task set Cuba 434 307 587 before us. 367 378 Learning that the film "Ben- . SPaulevratodorRico. 548 78 68 Hur" was being shown in Mol- Soviet Atheism NHiaciatirag.u.a… 55 50 93 let, a colporteur rushed to the 64 260 345 village with a big stock of Bibles A report published in Das 188 and took his stand outside the Evangelische Deutschland indi- door of the local cinema. Every cates the determination of So- 1,535 1,316 1,797 one of his copies was sold. viet Russia to wipe out religion. The Lutheran News Bulletin -Watchman-Examiner. -Evangelical-Messenger. translates this report: EUROPE Suicide Epidemic in Germany The objective of the periodical, The Godless, is to lay hold on the entire Glory to God Only No fewer than 17,880 persons mass of laborers in factories and col- committed suicide in Germany lective centers. Religion is the strong- The Soli Deo Gloria Move- during the year 1930. Germany, est brake to the building up of socialment in Hungary means "Glory with these figures, attains the ism, it is the weapon of the counterto God Alone," and is a youth highest death rate from suicide revolutionary fight of the kulaks movement to the end that all ac- in Europe. Whether this al- (farmers) and of world capitalism. tivity shall be to the glory of ready high figure has increased "The fighting Godless," through the God. since the national revolution, re- development of their anti-religious works, are striking a blow against the Herr Soos, one of the leaders, enemy of the classes, against religious states their leading principle festivals, against individualism and thus: "In the place of our against selfishness which is being prothoughts about Christ, the cen- tected by all shades of religion. The tral point of our evangelism must be the living power of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

banner cry is "the quickest possible why do you send me to a Christian Pondering over these words he transformation of believing workers was shown into the waiting into fighting Godless." To this battle school? The Christians teach us to room where he found the very cry belongs also the watchword given do good to our enemies, and I might walls bore messages of hope, inby Jaroslawski, the leader of the Rus- as well stop school if you are not go- ing to let me do as they teach us sian Godless, that every effort be there." The mother relented. The cluding the invitation which inmade to complete the extermination child stayed in school. The effect on of religion in Soviet Russia by the the neighborhood was very pro- variably goes to the heart of a year 1937. Moslem, "Come unto me, all ye nounced. The latest edition is devoted to the -World Wide Sunday School that labor and are heavy laden, special obligation resting on "the and I will give you rest." Soon News. the evangelist appears and Ishfighting Godless" in connection with Christian Chinese in Cairo the execution of the second five-year mael and the others are listen- plan. "The fighting Godless," quot- ing to the old, old Story. Medi- Cairo has a group of about cal examination revealed that ing verbatim, wiII devote their full thirty Christian Chinese, under strength to this front in the fight to the leadership of one who keeps a small shop for the sale of lace carry out the second five-year plan. and various Chinese products. he needed the aid of surgery, The annihilation of the causes which and while lying between unaccreate class differences and profiteering is identical with the annihilation customed sheets, stared at the of the causes which create and nour- opposite wall where once again Twenty of them can read and some Gospel truth met his eye. ish faith in God.

Tyndale's Bible in Belgium write their own language. They Just before the operation a voice go about the city and country, was lifted in prayer for his re- carrying their products for sale. A reproduction of the Bibles covery. Health restored, the in use in William Tyndale's time One of their number became ill time came for him to leave the displayed in the shop window of and died, and the others wished hospital, but before doing so he a Christian funeral. The East- had a long talk with a missionthe Flemish Methodist Church in ern custom of an intermediary ary about the Lord Jesus; and Antwerp, has resulted in the was observed and a young Mos- professed his love for and belief sale of many new editions of Bi- in Him as his own Saviour. bles and New Testaments in lem business man acted as go- Weekly meetings are now held French, Flemish and other lan- between to secure the help of in his home. g u age s. The reproduction, the American Mission. The inchained to the pulpit, as was the -Egypt General Mission custom in the old days, attracts cident led to inquiries as to News. special attention in Antwerp, be- church connection and it was cause it was in Belgium that found that they know so little of Nubas Calling Tyndale was treacherously ar- any language but their own, rested and imprisoned for his Changes are taking place Protestant faith; at Vilvorde, that they have never identified among the Nubas as contacts twenty-three miles from Ant- themselves with any Christian with the outside world increase. werp, he was strangled and organization in Egypt. How- They are no longer isolated burned as a heretic, August 6, tribes hidden in the hills. The 1536. After nearly 400 years ever, they have the Bible in the former trend toward Islam has his prophecy has been fulfilled Wenli Chinese dialect, and meet been checked by something like that the day would come when occasionally to read and pray a Nuba renaissance, a new ap- "every ploughboy would have among themselves. They indi- preciation of tribal customs and cated that they would be glad if of the tribe as a unit. With the Word of God." services in very simple English could be held for them, and ex- pressed their love for the Bible.

-Alliance Weekly. these movements there has come A Responsive Moslem Patient a demand for education; up to AFRICA Ishmael was a typical Moslem now no scheme of education has living not far from Shebeen been developed for these pagan Christianity in Egypt Hospital, Egypt General Mis- tribes. All the chiefs of tribes sion. When he became ill, and now require clerks who can read Sheikh Metry S. Dewairy, found the uselessness of native and write for purposes of com- Egyptian Secretary for the remedies, he sought admittance munication and administration, World's Sunday School Associa- to the out-patients' department. and they are unable to employ tion, sends the following strik- He first of all had to give a few the sons of their own people being incident: particulars about himself which cause there are no schools where were written on a card, to be they can acquire the most simple A few days ago one of the little brought with him each time he girls returned from school and heard came for treatment. On turn- vernacular education. The gova woman with whom her own mother ing the card 0 v e r he read: had been quarreling constantly, call- ernment is therefore asking the ing her little girl. The first little one "Christ Jesus came into the said, "I will go and call her, auntie," world to save sinners," also; C. M. S. to open schools. No rewhich she did. When she reached "The wages of sin is death, but home her mother beat her and said, strictions are to be placed upon "Don't you know that that woman the gift of God is Eternal Life religious teaching. It is proand I fight all the time? Why do you through Jesus Christ our Lord." disgrace me by doing her a favor?" posed to seize this opportunity The little girl answered, "Well, by opening three schools, and it is hoped that some form of med-

ical service may be started. The Gold in Kavirondo the entire organization for the government is offering liberal prevention of leprosy in French grants for the project. The gold fields of Kavirondo Occidental Africa. are a challenge to Christian -C. M. S. Outlook. effort. Today, activities of the -Without the Camp. gold diggers extend over 700 A Missionary Exhibit square miles and larger areas WESTERN ASIA are to be thrown open. A town, Sierra Leone was first occu- complete with hotels and cine- Mosques Reclassified pied as a C. M. S. Mission in mas is planned and partly built. 1816, and the church which has The "benefits" which gold min- A new law of the Turkish Regrown up there has long been ing has brought are thus de- public limits the number of sending its own missionaries to scribed in the Daily Express: mosques within its boundaries the interior. In 1908 most of in the following ways: the white missionaries were Before the settlers came, these withdrawn for work elsewhere, tribesmen were little removed from 1. The classification of mosques and Africans were put in charge savages, living in a state of nakedof stations in the interior. In ness. Now the young men swagger will take place in each village and order to obtain adequate sup- about in gaudy-colored shirts and port for this missionary effort, shorts. Women of the tribe, used to town under the direction of an official a missionary exhibition was put scanty covering of sacking, are now on to stimulate the people's in- strutting about in gay petticoats. I of religious affairs or a high civil terest in the needs of their own have not seen natives so fat, so trucufield. Three district organizers lent, and so prosperous as the savages official. gathered information and ma- who swagger about the high street of terial, others planned a bazaar; the newly-built gold town of Kaka- 2. It will be considered whether the schoolboys prepared a play and mega. the college a pageant to illus- mosque is in the market place and trate the history of the Sierra The Christian Church is the Leone church and its missionary only agency to show him the whether there is an adequate attendwork. true way.-C. M. S. Outlook. ance. Large crowds attended during For West Africa Lepers the three days of the exhibition 3. The picturesque or grotesque apand about £80 was realized for The government of French missions, although no special West Africa is now organizing pearance of the Mosque, the form of appeal was made for money. a system for fighting leprosy along the lines of humane, scien- its minaret, its historical value and -C. M. S. Outlook. tific treatment, rather t han forcible detention. The new its present structural condition will A Busy Missionary code provides for the examina- tion of suspects, and their classi- be taken into account. At Kribi, West Africa, steam- fication into cases whose liberty ers discharge passengers and is not :restricted while undergo- 4. There must be, a distance not cargo for stations of the West ing treatment, and those with Africa Mission. As there is no open lesions who require hos- less than 500 meters between every hotel in Kribi, Mrs. Albert G. pitalization. Adams, missionary, opens her two mosques. home to travelers on the way A leper "at liberty" must into the interior. Passing trad- present himself weekly to a dis- 5. It must be a flourishing mosque. ers and missionaries of all de- pensary for treatment and obnominations are also accommo- servation; live in separate quar- 6. It must not be an obstacle to the dated. Mrs. Adams is assistant ters, and use separate dishes treasurer of the West Africa and utensils; and inform the plan of the town prepared by the Presbyterian Mission, the treas- administration if he desires to municipality. ' urer being Mr. Adams. She is leave the region. also engaged as evangelist -Turkish Translation Service. among the women. A lepE:;r with open lesions must reside in the leper ward of Changing Turkey Mrs. Adams says: a hospital close to his town or at the Central Leprosy Institute at A writer in Jarin, published As we have had no resident mis- Bakamo, which provides group in Thrace, dares to predict that sionary pastor, the oversight of our housing where the patients may in ten or fifteen years the new 38 outposts with evangelists and vil- live in the manner of their own Turkish generation will be perlage school-teachers, and the directing country and will be grouped ac- fectly free from Islam and the of the local school at Batanga, has cording to race. A home for teaching of the Koran. E. Max consumed no small part of my time.. well children and a research lab- Hoppe says that the Turkish Men, women and children with their oratory will also be maintained. Press a few years ago violently family troubles or physical ailments A specialist in leprosy will be in attacked him for sending Chriscame daily to our door for advice and charge of the Institute and of tian literature to Turkish schoolministrations, there being no doctor masters. Recently, however, the available. editor gave him the names of all his subscribers in order to send -Presbyterian Advance. them literature. Following this, other editors have done similar service, one writing with his own hand eight hundred ad- dresses, for which service he asked the gift of a Turkish family Bible and "Pilgrim's Progress." A development of this has been the sending of Christian literature to Moham- medan schools, of which there are two thousand throughout Bulgaria.

Union in the Near East The opening of the Near East School of Theology at Beirut, Syria, with thirty students from

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Syria, Turkey, Greece, and discourage all foreign influence cial subject and leader were ap- Egypt, represents a merger of the Persian government has for- pointed for each day. That leadthe facilities of the Presbyterian bidden the propagation of any- er was responsible for that day's Board and the American Board thing political or religious, and program. Some of the topics in the field of religious training. that this has meant a decrease used were: Father Love, Call Prof. Lootfy Levonian said: in missionary itineration. How- for Repentance, Christ's Sacri- "We Eastern peoples are strong- ever, this situation has led to a fice, His Resurrection, His ly religious, but this has not al- mar ked increase in Persian Teachings and Example, Christ ways been a blessing to us. Our itineration and leadership along in Daily Life. The following strong religiosity has often been evangelistic lines. A missionary are some of the results: the chief cause of hatred, fac- in Teheran writes of splendid tions and antagonisms among work being done by Persian 1. The Gospel of C h r i s twas us. The future of the peoples church members. Some of these preached to thousands of eager lisof the Near East will be deter- evangelists maintain that they teners. mined by whether they can never have had such a wide open bring forth a fresh and living field of opportunities for per- 2. The Christian life of hundreds conception of religion which will sonal work as they have had the of nominal Christians was strengthappeal to the minds of men, and last two years. ened. which will provide the basis for a new social order of peace and -The Presbyterian. 3. The spiritual life of all Christian reconciliation. Here lies the workers was improved. justification for a School of Palestine Prospers Theology in the Near East." 4. Some 500 portions were sold in It is reported that strife-rid- addition to one full Bible and one Aleppo College, Syria den Palestine of three religious New Testament, and several thousand faiths is the one country in the tracts were distributed. This "indigenous," interde- world now enj oying an aboundnominational and interracial ing prosperity. It is said that 5. A large number of Christian Christian college, established in it is the one country not suffer- laymen, especially those not connected 1872 under the auspices of the ing from depression-having no with the missions, helped in this ef- American Board, is the only col- unemployment, no dole, no in- fort. lege conducting work of college come tax and no deficit. Jewish grade in the interior of Syria. immigrants are reported as hav- 6. Although no baptisms took place It has American backing but the ing taken $200,000,000 of new during the week, a number of encollege management is repre- capital into the country-quite a quirers have been seeking more light. sentative of the native constitu- considerable amount for a counency and with a native Board of try of that size-which has been -Indian Witness. Managers since 1928. The col- invested in vineyards and citrus lege is a part of the local educa- fruit groves, all equipped in a As India Sees Jesus tional system and in this way modern way and having a good helps to establish and strengthen market for their products. In the Cultural World, Swami the whole school system. It is Dhivananda set s forth nonsupported in part by trust funds -Presbyterian Advance. Christian India's attitude toand contributions from America ward Jesus. and in part by student fees and INDIA-BURMA-CEYLON local gifts. Any student with- The majority among the intelliout financial resources can earn Evangelistic Week in gentsia of India take Jesus as a man his way as a part of college ac- who developed himself from point to tivities. The purpose of the col- Moradabad point through his own religious initilege is to strengthen the cul- ative and through the guidance of the tural and spiritual life of the A week of special evangelistic Great Spirit until he reached the country and people and to this effort was observed in Morada- highest spiritual perfection. They end the regl,llar curriculum in- bad, March 1-8, in which all de- believe that he was an incarnation of cludes not only the usual aca- nominations, the S. P. G. and the Spirit and potentially perfect, but demic studies but also courses S a I vat ion Army cooperated. that he reached actual perfection only in Bible, Life of Christ, Origins During the week a special serv- through intense inner struggle. India of Christianity, History of Re- ice of prayer was held each has always stressed renunciation, ligions and the Development of morning for Christians only. seeking God by leaving the luxuries Christian Thought. Dr. John E. These meetings were well at- of mind and body. So the picture of Merrill is the President. tended and helpful. A prayer Jesus preaching God, wandering from meeting was also held in the place to place, knowing no fixed she,l- Activity in Persia afternoon for Christian work- ter, caring not about food and drink, ers, after which bazaar preach- a gentle, serene soul, a beggar and Presbyterian missionaries in ing was conducted for non- giver of love, a healer of minds, a Persia report that in order to Christians in the evening. Bands rest to troubled hearts-that picture of workers went out each eve- is stimulating to the Indian imagina- ning to different Christian and tion. Jesus was a breaker of forms non-Christian mohallas. A spe- and a restorer of meanings. The so- cial code of the Sermon on the Mount is reconciliation with the opponent, combating evil with good, loving where hate is the usual reaction. The religion of Jesus seeks spiritual values before material values. That is why she honors him and claims him as one of the great incarnators of the Spirit. India accepts Christ and the New Testament, but finds grounds for criticism of Christianity, Christian evangelism and Christian interpreta- tion of the New Testament. The greatness of Jesus does not lie in his powers but in his life. He was im-

mersed in the life of God, was at the them the picture of the Ten Vir- Ceylon Baptist Council center of reality, and whatever he said or did proceeded from that cen- gins, the s tor y having been The new C e y Ion Baptist taught to them before. It was Council is now caring for all the ter. – Congregatw' nal1',St • a joy to have them begin imme- diately to tell the story and end work hitherto directed by the Fellowship in Mandalay it up by emphasizing the. fact B. M. S., the Ceylon Baptist Union and the Lanka Mission. There has been a "Fellowship that Jesus is coming again and Group" in Mandalay for about that we must be ready to meet Much readjustment has been two years. It includes not only Him. necessary, but the work is gopreachers and Bible women, but ing forward. Some schools have teachers and students. The -The Presbyterian Mission had to close and those retained at Saharanpur. have increased their enrolment.

group meets frequently, remem- A Christian Sweeper Over 4,500 pupils are under inbering especially Acts 1 : 14, struction. Fees paid by parents praying together, planning to- Rev. J. J. Lucas, D.D., of the and government grants have gether, working together, shar- American Presbyterian Mission enabled the t h r e e boarding ing experiences together, "all at Saharanpur, writes in the In- schools for girls in Colombo, dian Standard: with one mind." Ratnapura and Matale, and the A few months ago I arrived at a A young man from Myo- railway station at ten o'clock at night. one boarding school for boys in byingyi who had been in prison I heard, behind an enclosure at the Colombo, to carryon with little end of the platform, a voice, singing help from the Council. heard of Christ while a prisoner, a Christian Bhajan (Gospel song). I and when released asked the found the singer stretched on his back Evangelistic work has been group to come to his village. on the floor. Under the dim light of a vigorously maintained, in Singa- The team which went included lamp above him he held a book from lese chiefly, but also in Tamil three schoolboys, one schoolgirl, which he was spelling out and singing and in Eng lis h. Open-air two experienced teachers, one the Gospel songs. My heart was preaching services have been lady clerk, a pastor and a mis- touched to find at that hour of the unhindered, women evangelists sionary. The nine divided into night this poor sweeper singing the three groups; two groups visited praises of the Lord. He told me that have been able to visit the vil- he was a Christian, belonged to lage homesteads regularly, and the homes, in some of which "Padre Buck's Mission." Among magic-lantern services h a v e the r e was opportunity for other questions I asked him, "Where proved a never-failing attracprayer. The third group re- is the Lord Jesus?" and at once he tion. Large numbers of Scripmained behind and played games replied, putting his hand to his heart, with the children. They also "Why he is here in my heart," and ture portions have been sold. as he said it, a look such as is born There are 15 pastors and evan- taught these children to sing of the Holy Spirit, I verily believe, gelists altogether supported by suffused his face. That conversation who had never sung before, and of a few minutes was sufficient evi- Church funds, and there are 14 told them stories. The first dence to me that within was the spark honorary lay preachers. night about 290 people came to of life, and I would not have hesi- -Missionary Herald.

the meeting, and listened atten- tated to baptize him had he been an Church Growth in Indotively to the end. Many times enquirer.

Maung Shein, the young ex- Lee Memorial in Calcutta China prisoner, proclaimed his alle- This interdenominational mis- The Christian and Missionary sion was founded in 1894 by Alliance reports encouraging giance to Christ and said, "I am Rev. and Mrs. D. H. Lee. It growth in Indo-China: so happy." -Koinonia.

"Ten Virgins" was first called "Bengali Mis- Districts 0 c cup i e d by 1930 1932 sion," but after the six children missionaries ……. . 17 22 One day's work in the village of Mr. and Mrs. Lee were killed -the women saw us coming in DarjeeIing landslide in 1899, Self-supporting churches under Native Church and ran out to meet us. We the name was changed to Lee Government ……. . 19 36 salaamed to them, but they said Memorial. (Many nonself-supporting ch urchs are unde!" Misto us, "You honor us by coming; There is a Girls' Boarding sion government.) Workers wholly supportlet us salaam you first." As we School, with classrooms and dor- ed by churches …… . 20 34 walked with them through their mitories for 200 girls, and a Workers partially supvillage street, a narrow lane day school with an enrolment of ported by Mission '" 59 79 Outstations ………. . 85 83 with high mud walls on either 70. Two miles from this center Baptisms ………… . 1,247 1,462 side, each one asked us to come is a Boys' School and Commuin and sit on the bed in front of nity Playground of three acres. Church Members …. . 5,592 7,508 her house. It was thrilling to Ordained Native Pastors 21 28 This is the home of 50 boys. The hear these thirty non-Christian mission also carries on a Bible Need Among Burmese women singing Christian hymns. woman's work in Calcutta and Moslems We had them sing with us and villages. Temple children are without us. I am sure they go rescued. The workers also seek A Christian tract, translated about their work singing these to reach the pilgrims at Hindu into Burmese, is being distrib- Christian songs. We showed festivals. uted among Burmese Moslems,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

of whom there are said to be nized in prayer about it and it girls who come into the school 400,000. So far as known, noth- was revealed that he was not from the country where there is ing has previously been pub- preaching about sin. Straight- little or nothing modern thus see lished in Burmese, intended for way he began and continued, these new and strange sights in Moslems. It is also planned to and since then souls have al- company with one who can exhave this tract translated into ways been saved. Every sermon plain them helpfully. Although Chinese for use among Chinese deals with sin. the school is lighted with elec- Moslems of Yunnan. Chinese tricity, the dormitories, wash- Moslems along the border of These are only a few of the rooms and heating facilities are Yunnan are as unevangelized as outstanding Chinese evangelists kept close to the country condiif they lived in Tibet. who are "bringing in the tions from which the students sheaves." -China's Millions. come. The buildings are typi- Buddhism in Siam cally Chinese in design, but have Prayers for China ample windows, giving light and Mr. Paul Gunther, of Eastern ventilation. Siam, calls attention to the lat- Dr. T. T. Yew has prepared a est Siamese census, which re- ritual for the "Service of Na- -Missionary Herald. cords 16,000 Buddhist temples, tional Humiliation" in China. 132,893 priests, with 77,483 Of two prayers for this service, Leprosy Program novices of student priests, mak- the following is quoted in part: ing a total of 210,376 Buddhist The first National Conference priests in that country. The In Time of National Sorrow . .. We of the Chinese Mission to lepers total population numbers eleven ignorant people fail to observe Thy was held last year. It marked and one-half millions. There laws in ordinary times…. Only when the beginning of scientific interare approximately 10,000 Prot- sufferings come upon us do we begin est in the leper problem in estant Christians in Siam. to turn to Thee for guidance. We China. Some outstanding con- deeply feel our own unworthiness…. clusions of the conference were: -Alliance Weekly. We earnestly beseech Thee to grant us Thy Holy Spirit that we may have 1. That uniform, modern, human CHINA intelligence and wisdom, ability and laws should be made for the super- resourcefulness, knowledge and piety vision and treatment of lepers in all Work That Counts and the constant realization that to parts of the republic. love and fear Thee is our supreme Kong Lao-teh, member of the joy. Thus, we can form right judg- 2. That the Chinese Mission to C. 1. M., at Kaifeng, Honan, ment when we face difficulties, en- Lepers and other organized bodies be manufactures a tape for wrap- dure hardship when we face suffer- encouraged to continue their activities ping parcels. He lives by faith ing; we will not blindly follow partial toward the eradication of leprosy, and in that he looks to God alone in views; we will not be downcast and that the government be petitioned to times of crisis. For example, we will not be filled with panic by un- lend its support to these ends. having claims to meet-wages to warranted fears. We pray that pay, perhaps-and no money, through every trial we may reach full- 3. That central leprosy institutions after prayer a I:emarkable sale ness of life, and that through us Thy should be established in all affected of his goods is made. For six will may be completely fulfilled. provinces, and that existing instituor more weeks he held nightly tions might be used and developed for preaching services in a room For the Unity of the Church.-O this purpose. about thirty feet by fourteen, Lord of Heaven and Earth, who with which was crowded night after wisdom ineffable hast founded Thy 4. That uniformity be the aim in night and many standing about Holy Church throughout the world, methods of treatment and of educathe door. bestow Thy blessing upon her that tion of the public. she may ever be holy, catholic and The son-in-law of the widely faithful. Hasten the day when Thy 5. That the aim should be toward known Pastor Ting Li-mei is broken body may be healed and all three types of institutions: the head of a Government Tax those who love Thee may be truly Bureau in Kaifeng. He has one. So that in this world of strife, (a) Settlements for advanced, disstarted a service for his staff on division, hatred and selfishness, Thy figured and "burnt-out" Sunday mornings at 9: 30 in the church may with the authority con- cases. office. He is out to win these ferred upon her by Thee, effectively men. One of them is a devout proclaim the message of universal (b) Hospitals for cases at an in- Buddhist. love and successfully fulfill the task fective stage and where rea- of reconciliation among all men. sonable hope for a cure ex- Dr. Sung cast his American Through Jesus Christ our Lord, ists. diplomas into the Pacific when coming home to China lest :he be Amen. -Missionary Link. (c) Dispensaries for early, noneftempted to forget God's call to fective cases and where hoshim to preach. He preached for Preaching and Practicing pitalization is impossible. two years without a conversion. At last he made up his mind to In an effort to bring home the ~Without the Camp. find out the reason. He ago- dignity of manual labor to his students, Principal Yang Sheng- Giving Out of Poverty wu of the T'ung J en Middle School, Paotingfu, North China, Last year, in spite of dire pov- personally helps the students re- erty and heavy taxes, gifts from pair the public roads near the one Chinese congregation for school. In addition, he conducts "foreign missions" amounted to weekly visits to factories and $3,600. Another church fol- public utility works. Boys and lowed a novel plan for raising money. A large map was dis- played, portraying in white the sections where Christian mis- sionaries were working and

Borneo, the one neglected place, budget for 1933 to approximate- to contribute from 12 to 15 per in black. A basket was placed ly $10,000. The larger part of cent of their salaries. There is in front of the last. Nearly the the amount to be used this year said to be untold suffering on en t ire membership of 700 is to be applied to the expenses the part of farmers and fishermarched past the basket and of two conferences: of writers men in this field. Economic condropped in an offering for this and others interested in a litera- ditions in the extreme north are needy field. When the contribu- ture for the educated classes; acute. All values have been tions were counted they were and of leaders producing a more falling steadily for years and found to amount to $546.59. adequate literature for use in unemployment i s increasing. the training of preachers. Other Under these conditions it is -United Presbyterian. projects which will be helped by proof of the influence of Chris- small grants include a Christian tianity that the Christians, few "Renewal of Vows" Movement paper for farmers, enlarging as they are, have raised many the usefulness of Dr. Timothy thousa,nds of yen to help feed Robert E. Chandler, Congre- Lew's magazine of worship, the hungry and clothe the shivgational missionary in Tientsin, known as "The Amethyst," and ering. One of the hopeful indiwrites of a hopeful form of so me special literature for cations is the increasing desire church effort, called a "Renewal women. of the churches to become selfof Vows" movement, which has supporting. There are now 21 been tried in two churches. North China Industrial stations, operated by the inde- Service Union pendent churches, the contribu- One was in the country and the tions of which amounted last other was the Hsiku Church in Tient- Under the leadership of Dr. year to $14,398.44. A Ten-Year sin. The method was one of thinking Chang Po-ling and Dr. J. Leigh- Plan has also been put into operback to the solemn vows taken at bap- ton Stuart, Presidents of Nan- ation, almost entirel); of J apatism, thinking down to the loyalties kai and Yenching Universities nese origin, looking towards the that moved one then and which should respectively, a group of persons self-support of twenty 0 the r hold one, now. The reminding was interested in China's pressing congregations. not done through big meetings and economic problems organized an much oratory, but just calling. The association with the above name. -Outlook of Missions. aim was to look up every member of Their action was taken in harthe church who could be found. One mony with the desire of the Na- Temperance Film or two invited guests from outside, tional Christian Council to see along with the pastor and lay leaders a group formed both to study Tokyo authorities have just of the church, did the calling. We what can be done along indus- or d ere d Kagawa's film, "A were not given any cold shoulders; trial lines to help the farmers in Grain of Barley," to be shown in rather it was a joyful time. At the North China economically, and every primary school in Tokyo. end of two weeks of concentrated ef- to promote experiments in rural This is the story of the converfort it headed up with a most reverent industry, believing that herein sion of a village youth and the Renewal of Vows worship service. is a field for constructive Chris- mill girl to whom he is en- After the members have thus pulled tian service. The Union will gaged, and the consequent great together and vowed together, there is h a v e a coordinating center change in the home which the plenty of church work ahead for them. through which experience can father has d rag g e d down be pooled and a common pro- through drink, and the whole -Congregationalist. gram pursued. The first step village. This Christian film will will be the organizing of indus- reach thousands where the mis- Literature Promotion Fund tries and serving them in busi- sion reaches one-working peo- ness ways until the organiza- ple, who are mostly Buddhists. For many years Dr. John R. tions so created are strong Mott has felt an urgent need for enough to function without such -Missionary Link. a wider distribution of Chris- aid. tian literature in China. He has Anti-Prostitution Drives therefore proposed the forma- JAPAN-CHOSEN tion of an independent body for Owing to the miserable conthis purpose, responsible only to Unselfish Christians ditions of farming communities, givers. As a test of the sound- especially in the Tohoku and ness of the plan he offered from In addition to a reduction of Hokkaido, the selling of girls to sources at his disposal a gift of 10 per cent in salary the Japan licensed quarters and to geisha $62,500, Shanghai currency, to missionaries of the Reformed houses continues on a large be placed in the hands of a small Church in the U. S., of their scale. To combat this evil the group of trustees, to be admin- own accord, voted to contribute Woman's Patriotic League has istered in the interests of the their December salary towards set aside 16,000 yen to be used production, distribution and use the deficit of 1932. It is also as loans to save such girls,-a of Christian literature in China. most deserving of note that the sum entirely inadequate since The name of the new organiza- Japanese associates volunteered the sale of g i r I s last year tion is: Literature Promotion. reached a total of nearly 5,000, Fund in China. The use of the about 33 times the average nummoney given through Dr. Mott is to be spread over a period of three years; the trustees have voted to limit their spending

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ber. Buddhism has gone on rec- time later, obliged to keep watch was dark and the child became ord as favoring the abolition of over his crop of millet to guard despondent and when she was this evil. Twenty-three priests against the depredations of wild fifteen years old she tried to end of the Shingon Sect signed a boar, and having nothing to do, her misery by hanging herself memorial to the Home Depart- he remembered the little Gospel from the branch of a tree, but ment calling for an end of li- so far untouched. An ardent was saved. A year later she censed prostitution. Petition de m 0 n worshipper, he was tried to drown herself, but met drives have been made in Tokyo struck by the fact of the power an old man who cheered her and a number of the prefectures. of Jesus Christ over demons, in with the thought that there was -Japan Christian Quarterly. the Gospel of Mark. A con- hope of a cure. She heard of sciousness of sin came over him the Taiku Leper Hospital, was Christian Women Speak and he exclaimed, "What a sin- examined and admitted and ner I have been to worship the cured. Do you wonder that in "We, the Tokyo Christian devil! I must learn about this her Sunday-school tea chi n g Women's Federation, are today One who has conquered him." gratitude and thankfulness are uniting in prayer for love, peace He went on from that beginning frequently her theme?

and goodwill between our coun- and seems fairly out on the way tries." now, lifted out of the bondage ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC Such was the message cabled of a slave of Satan to the glori- to Shanghai by the Tokyo Chris- ous liberty of a son of God. Five Large Offerings from Small members of his household, all tian Women's Federation on but the old father, have followed Incomes March 3. It was also unani- him into the Kingdom of God. mously voted that a delegation In spite of small incomes, a be sent from the meeting to pro- -MARY HILL. number of churches in Tayabas, test against the radio being used Philippine Islands, h a v e re- Medical Work in Korea c e i ve d substantial offerings, to broadcast war news every amounting to 66 per cent of norevening. From Alexander Hospital in mal contributions. One member Soonchun comes the report that presented the congregation with On March 6 the following notwithstanding the fact that 20 additional hymn books and a the country is in a worse finan- pUlpit Bible. Another paid his memorandum was sent to the cial condition than it has been SUbscription for a year and then Japanese Premier: for years, the medical work has added another five per cent for prospered and grown, because "good measure." A former We, the Christian women of Tokyo the germ is no respecter of de- deaconess, and now a pastor's are praying for those who are re- pressions. The year 1931-1932 wife, was gravely ill. Church was the hospital's best in the members made up a purse so sponsible for the welfare of the coun- number of patients treated and that she might be brought to the try, and extend our hearty thanks for in the quality of work they have mission hospital, where she was been able to do. Of the 5,031 cured. A certain old lady gave all your efforts in looking after na- dispensary cases, 495 we r e her mite. She is a widow and tional and international affairs at this charity patients. No charity a member of the new congrega- case is ever turned away for tion at Candelaria. With her critical time when all the world seems lack of funds, although some- savings of five years the woman to be in confusion. We fully appreci- times there has not been enough bought a lot on which the church ate the fact that you have been carry- on hand to run for two or more may erect a chapel. ing a heavy burden through these days. The money always comes from somewhere, but usually -Presbyterian Advance. troublesome months which culminated not from the mission, as only in our country's retiring from the about 2,500 yen of the total ex- A Reborn Papuan League of Nations. On March 3d, penses of 32,215 yen come from Bokamani is a Papuan, conover 250 women representing about 180 churches in this city gathered to- victed of sin and born again gether and prayed specially for those who are in responsible positions that after attending a Gospel meetthey may have clear guidance. We ing. Returning to his own vilknow that what has been going on since September 18, 1931, is inevita- lage, where there was not a ble, yet we sincerely hope and pray sin g I e Christian, his first that the strife in Manchuria will soon be ended, because we believe that the day has come when all nations should resort to peaceful means to settle all international troubles. We pray that that source. Your Excellency, as well as all the -Christian Observer. members of the Cabinet, may enjoy special guidance and h e I p from A Transformed Life Heaven. -The Presbyterian.

Miss Pak Hak J oon is the thought was to tell his neigh- head teacher in the leper Sun- bors this great news. As he was A Demon Worshipper day school at Taiku. She be- praying about it, the Holy Spirit came a Christian in the Taiku guided him to say nothing, for Converted In the "Five Fundamental Leper Hospital and is now a at least a fortnight, but to live Virtues" village, in Korea, a very earnest believer. At five as nearly like Christ as he could. man bought a Gospel from the years of age she had developed An old man lived in his village , colporteur but with no intention the dread malady from which whose joints were painfully set of becoming a Christian. Some her mother died. The outlook and whose only means of getting

about was on his hands and It is 101 years since James and address of the organization, knees. Bokamani carried this Backhouse and George Wash- but the names of executive offiold man on his shoulders to the ington Walker landed in Tas- cers, budget, official periodical, river to bathe every morning mania. Their chief objective fields of work, and in many and evening. He also visited was to investigate conditions of cases an historical note. It the sick (who are often turned the convict settlement, adminis- shows the growth in indigenous out of their houses and shame- tering such spiritual comfort as Christian organizations in the fully neglected) and in many was open to them. They trav- various mission fields. In some others ways he "went about do- eled all over Tasmania, and ing good." Before the end of visited New South Wales, espe- cases, statistics of field situathe fortnight people began to cially prisoners and gangs. of tions are given; for example, question him-all this was so workers. They formed meetings China, Japan, Korea and India. foreign to them. The whole vil- of Friends in Hobart and Sydlage seemed to have been blessed ney, whose chief aim should be Under each mission field is also since his return-what did it all to continue the work after they given a list of all the foreign ormean? Bokamani's time had left. The first of these was come to testify. He gathered formed in Hobart in 1833, that ganizations that work there. the villagers together and told at Sydney two years later. They This directory was compiled at them how his own burden of sin were also the pioneers of the the request of the Protestant temperance movement. The sub- missionary societies which suphad been lifted, and how the love ject of peace and war, tradi- port the International Missionof God had come into his heart. tional with Friends, occupied a ary Council, and is obtainable He told them of the new Power large portion of the time at this over evil which he had experi- assembly, and a strong protest from the offices of the Council. enced. Because of this man's was made against the proposal -Presbyterian Advance. witness and the testimony of his to reintroduce compulsory mililife many came to know the tary training in Australia. Thirty Million Bibles a Year Lord. Fortunately Bokamani can read a little and now this -Christian Century. Impressive are the figures small group of Christians gather together to pray and read their GENERAL which show the number of vol- Suau Gospels. Where the Money Goes umes of Scripture being annual- -MARY ABEL, of Kwato. ly issued by the Protestant Bible Societies of America and Europe.

1931 AMERICA Volumes American Bible Society 9,745,356 Temperance Education The Church Missionary So- GREAT BRITAIN ciety issues a pamphlet, "How The Malaya Woman's Chris- the Money Is Spent." In the British and For e i g n tian Temperance Union spon- Near East the Society maintains Bible Society (1804) . 10,552,284 sors temperance e d u cat ion some four-fifths of the entire through contests in oratorical, Anglican work among Moslems National Bible Society essay, story and poster competi- in that area, and plans to expend of Scotland (1861) .. 4,615,109 tion. Eleven silver medals have upon it in 1933 £40,519. The been awarded first prize win- Society's share of the work in Scripture Gift Mission. 2,185,043 ners. In Methodist schools, the Tropical Africa for 1933 is esharmful effects of intoxicants timated at £66,085, in India GERMANY 20,500 upon the human body are taught £124,490, and in the Far East 10,951 in the physiology and hygiene £54,786. These sums, together Baden Bib I e Society, 74,270 classes as well as through post- with £15,000 belonging to spe- Karlsruhe ………. 86,727 ers, pamphlets and lectures. cial trust funds, show a total of 23,291 Pupils themselves sometimes ar- £300,880 to be expended in the Bavarian (or Central) 606,100 range temperance pro g ram s. field. Home payments amount- Bible Society (1823). Both alcohol and opium are also ing to £101,937 are applied to studied from the standpoint of the training of missionaries, Bergische Bible Society their disastrous economic and outfits and passages, pensions to (1814) …………. social effects upon human so- retired missionaries, interest on ciety. -Malaysia Message. loans, and the administration of Prussian Bible Society overseas work. (1806) …………. Quaker Centenary, Tasmania -C. M. S. Outlook. Saxony Bib I e Society One of the largest gatherings (1814) …………. of Friends ever assembled met Protestant Mission Directory at Hobart, Tasmania, early this Wurttemberg Bible Inyear, marking the centenary of The International Missionary stitution (1812) ….. Quakerism in Australia. Dele- Council has published a Direcgates were present from New tory of all the Protestant mis- FRANCE 3,313 Zealand, England, South Africa sionary societies of the world. 7,016 and America. It contains not only the name Bible Society of France (1864) ………….

Bible Society of Paris (1818) ………….

DENMARK 50,249 Danish Bible Society .. , HOLLAND 148,691 Netherlands Bible So- ciety (1815) ……..

NORWAY 76,071 Norwegian Bible Society (1816) ………….

SWEDEN 25,098 Swedish Bible Society (1809) ………….

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Added to this are the volumes logue of educational films- do to naturalize Christianity in issued by commercial firms and scientific, geographical, social India he answered, among other by Roman Catholics, bringing and dramatic. things: 'You must practice your the total number of Scriptures religion without adulterating it supplied to the world in one year This work has a very impor- or toning it down.' Rather reto 30,000,000. tant bearing on missionary markable that Dr. Hu Shih, the work, not only in the elimina- -Malaysia Message. tion of immoral films, but in father of the renaissance move- helping missionaries teach hy- ment and the greatest brain in Cinemas for Mission Lands giene, sanitation, international China at the present time, friendship, better race relations, should have said the same thing The International Institute of history, geography and science. to a group of Christians: 'Don't Ed u cat ion a I Cinemography, The Institute publishes a month- tone down your religion.' The which was established in 1928 to ly bulletin at Geneva. two outstanding non-Christians make motion pictures educa- in the East give us the same tional and uplifUng rather than "Toned Down Religion" counsel. Dr. Hu Shih, who calls degrading, is endeavoring to cir- himself an agnostic, said to a culate the better class of films Dr. E. Stanley Jones, who is group of missionaries, 'I do not through the abolition of tariffs at present in this country, is believe what you believe, but if on such producUons only. The quo ted as saying: "Several I believed half of what you say Bureau, which is affiliated with years ago when I asked Ma- you believe, I would be more the League of Nations; is pre- hatma Gandhi what we should earnest than you are.' " paring an international cata- -Watchman-Examiner.

Used by oourtesy of "Ohina's Millions" A PART OF THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA, DIVIDING MANCHURIA FROM CHINA PROPER This wall extends from Shanhaikwan, on the Gulf of Llaotung, 1,400 miles to the western border of Mongolia. It was begun over 2,000 years ago by the Emperor Chin Shih Huang Ti and is a masterpiece of engineering. It crOSSes high mountains and valleys, steep slopes, deserts, river beds and great cha,sms. In some places the wall is thirty feet wide and observation towers are built in the wall at distances approximately a third of a mile apart. It was built to protect China from 'invasion from the north.

Recently the wall has proved ineffective against the inroad.s of the Japanese, with the aid of huge guns, tanks and bombing alr- . planes. As one of the wonders of the world this wall should be preserved. Our Missionary B.ookshelf Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information I~~~~=====================I~ The Christ of the Christian Faith. at home and therefore of course questions-the relation of Chris- By Dr. Douglas Mackenzie. 304 in the missionary enterprise tianity to non-Christian reli- pp. $2.00. Macmillan. New York. abroad, the fundamental ques- gions, the motive and aim of tions of the meaning and value foreign missions, the proper This is a noble book. It sets of Christ and of the nature of place of evangelistic effort in forth the historic faith of the Christianity. Is He only man missionary work, and the duty Church in the Deity of Christ with divinity not qualitatively of the Church and its individual with eloquence and learning, members. with a full knowledge of the different from that to which we critical questions of the New aspire, or is He man and God in The Stone Lectures at Prince- Testament literature and of a sense wholly unique? Are we ton which form the basis of modern psychology, and at the to think of Him as a great hu- this book, w~re prepared some same time with full and assured man leader classified with other time before the pUblication of faith in the real Deity of our great religious teachers, or as the Report of the Appraisal Lord. "Modern critical scholar- the only personality of His kind, Commission of the Laymen's ship," says Dr. Mackenzie, "by the Messiah of God promised in Foreign Missions Inquiry. But its very failures has proved that the reader cannot fail to note the true story of Jesus of Naza- the Old Testament, the Saviour that the conception of Christ reth cannot be told by an unbe- whose death atoned for sin and here presented so clearly and liever. The effort of the psy- who actually arose from the powerfully is radically different chology of religion to account from that which subtly pervades for the nature of the Christian dead and lives as the risen Lord "Re-Thinking Missions." Everylife, without accepting the Gos- and whose salvation must be of- one who has read the latter volpel story as essentially true, is fered to every man? And is the ume should read Dr. Speer's also a manifest failure." There faith of Christ essentially the scholarly and truely Christian are no doubt points in this book faith about Christ and wholly presentation of the unique charwhere we would diverge from different from other faiths, with acter and mission of Jesus or qualify the view expressed, a unique and universal mission, Christ. but the central thesis and the thorough and competent ex- so that its business is not to We believe that this is the planation and defense of it are reach a synthesis and adjust- ablest, clearest, most decisive a rich contribution, one of the ment with other religions but to and convincing statement of the very richest, to our present-day evangelical view of Christ that Christian apologetics. The book conquer and possess the earth in has recently appeared. It is a is especially valuable for its Christ's name and to set Him in tonic to faith. If every minister study of the consciousness of the sole and supreme place?" and layman would read it care- Jesus as evidence of the truth of fully, much of the current doubt, the New Testament narrative Dr. Speer's answer to these uncertainty and confused thinkand of the unique and divine questions is "unhesitating and ing would be dispelled. personality of our Lord. unqualified." He holds that Jesus Christ is unique, final, ab- A. J. B. ROBERT E. SPEER. solute and universal, the world's only Saviour and Redeemer, God Out of My Life and Thought-An The Finality of Jesus. Christ. By and the only Son of God. He Autobiograplhy. By Albert Schweit- Robert E. Speer. 386 pp. $3.00. maintains this thesis with co- zer. 288 pp. $2.50. Holt & Co. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. gency of argument, and a wealth New York. 1932. of documentary proof of the his- Dr. Schweitzer is one of the This is a book that was ur- toric faith of the Church from remarkable personalities of this gently needed. It goes straight the Apostolic Age down to the generation. His range of acto the heart of present-day re- present time. The author does complishments is a m a z i n g. ligious thinking. "What think Theologian, philosopher, physiye of Christ?" is a question as not view Christianity as the re- cian, scientist, musician, aucrucial now as it was nineteen sult of a human search for God thor, lecturer and missionary, centuries ago. "We are facing or a quest for spiritual reality, he is eminent in every departtoday, in the Christian Church ment. He is the world's fore- but as God coming down to men, most interpreter of Bach, and a supernatural revelation incar- nated in Jesus Christ. This cen- tral fact, once accepted, settles a whole brood of subsidiary Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[406 ]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

his organ recitals have delighted ica. Beginning with the princi- The book has the literary charm fastidious audiences in many ples of unity in the teachings of of the author's former works countries, while some of his Jesus, he describes its vicissi- and gives a vivid cross section books on ethics, civilization, tudes in the Ecumenical Coun- of recent movements in religion.

Paul, the historical Jesus, the cils and the Reformation and It is carefully documented and Kingdom of God, the primeval post-Reformation periods, its indexed. A. J. B.

forest, missionary work, and gradual growth in the nine- other subjects, are just regarded teenth century as expressed in My Life in the Moslem East. By Emma Cochran Ponafidine. 320 as classics. The facts regarding the Evangelical Alliance and pp. $3.50. Bobbs-Merril. Indian- apolis. 1933. this extraordinary man are now other bodies, and its more high- T his beautifully illustrated well known. The world was ly developed forms as exempli- autobiographical book of travel and of venture gives the story thrilled when it was learned that fied in the Federal Council, the of Madame Ponafidine until she this gifted man had left a great Home Misions Council, the For- went to Russia. She is the daughter of the' well-known European university to found eign Missions Conference, the Presbyterian missionary, Dr.

and conduct a Christian hospital International Council of Reli- Joseph P. Cochrane of Persia. Her later life and the tragedy of for sick and suffering tribesmen gious Education, and the Stock- the Revolution is told in her other book, "Russia My Home." in an equatorial forest in Africa. holm Universal Christian Con- Many years ago I met the author in Baghdad at the British Resi- He did this unhesitatingly and ference on Life and Work. dency, where all were charmed by her unusual insight and symjoyously for the poor and igno- While the volume is mainly his- pathetic judgment of life in the Moslem East. She was born in rant people for whom Christ torical, it also attempts to be Persia during a Kurdish raid. As a young woman she married died. He tells the story in this prophetic and constructive so a Russian diplomat, himself a student of Moslem affairs and book, tells it modestly and with far as present conditions indi- for more than twenty years she no other purpose but to bear his cate present trends and ten- shared the hazards and hard- ships of life in the Near East testimony that "the essential dencies. It is a notable con- and traveled to its outposts. The picture of her childhood in the element in Christianity as it tribution to the literature of the mountains of Persia, the ro- mance of her marriage in Lonwas preached by Jesus and as it subject, comprehensive in its don, the journey to Baghdad, is comprehended by those who historical survey, progressive in and the descriptions of this ancient city holds the attention believe, that it is only through outlook and suggestions, and yet of the reader. Here we have Baghdad as it was thirty years love that we can attain to com- sympathetic in its recognition of ago, inconceivably hot in sum- mertime with no modern conmunion with God; all living denominational values. An ex- knowledge of God rests upon cellent index makes its rich this foundation: that we experi- store of material readily avail- ence Him in our lives as will to able for reference. The author love." has rendered a service to the This book comes as a current cause of unity in this thoughtful of cool, fresh air amid the murk study. A. J. B.

and heat of much of the current Religion in Our Times. By Gaius Glenn Atkins. 330 pp. $3.00. religious discussion of our day. Round Table Press. New York.

Here is a man who knows whom The author, who left the pas- torate a few years ago for a he believes, that He is able to professorship in Auburn Theo- logical Seminary, has already save unto the uttermost, and won a high place in religious lit- erature by his former volumes that He calls His followers to a life of self-sacrificing service which, after all, is the only life worth living. A. J. B.

Christian Unity in Practice and -"The Making of the Christian veniences, where pest and plague Prop'hecy. By Charles S. Macfar- Min d," "Procession 0 f the wrought havoc and sudden land. 396 pp. $2.75. The Mac- Gods," "Modern Religious Cults flames of fanaticism a r 0 s e millan Company. New York. and Movements," and "The Life among the people. The descrip- While theologians and eccle- of Cardinal Newman." In the tion of Moslem life, etiquette, siastical lawyers are debating present volume Dr. Atkins de- and religion is accurate. The organic union, many of the scribes the changes that have changes that have come since churches are steadily moving taken place in the life of the the World War have left a sense closer together in practical churches during the forty years of tragedy which the author ex- work. Dr. Macfarland deals from 1892 to 1932, the new presses as follows: "Whether it with the latter movement. He methods that have been intro- is approaching old age, or senti- has had exceptional- opportu- duced into religious work, and ment, I am not sure, but a nities to observe it for he was the conflict of new forces and strange lonely feeling often for twenty years the general old ideas in religious thinking. comes over me as I let my mind secretary of the largest and Many of the outstanding preach- roam about the past. I find with most successful of the coopera- ers of the period are char-' regret so few spots in all the tive movements of Protestant- acterized and the narrative is countries in which we have lived ism-the Federal Council of enriched by personal reminis- that would be recognizable and the Churches of Christ in Amer- cences and illustrative incidents. where my thoughts can rest as

on something still existing. Our rut, interested just in our own con- numerous and very explanatory. cerns and thinking our own country dear old home in Urumia (the was the only part of the world that The recipes (not omitting the very n a m e now changed to really mattered. And it took a lot to toothsome English preserves shake me out of my rut; but," with and jams) are appetizing. The Rizieh) has little left after the terrible massacres and revolu- a glance around the room, "I think suggestions for money-raising tions that followed the Bolshe- we're coming out nicely now." are as available in America as in vist catastrophies in Russia. Our Baghdad home has been The story affords good pro- England. turned into a hotel." gram material as a reading, a n a l' l' a t i v e or a homemade The plans submitted have SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. dramatization, to which last- named use the chapters easily been tried out on one and an- The People Next Door. By D. M. H. lend themselves. other group of children "a n d 8 vo. 40 pp. 3d. Highway Press. London. 1933. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON. the results have been saleable things," though the commercial This racy little story is a skill- Things to Make: Some Suggestions intent was only incidental, as ful bit of missionary enlighten- on Handwork for Boys and Girls. the primary object has been to ment and inspiration by indirec- Compiled by Margaret La Trobe Summon tion. It is more natural in style Martin. 8 vo. 62 pp. 1s. Illus. and structure than most pro- Church Missionary Society. Lon- CALVERT ductions of the sort; in narra- don. 1933. SCHOOL tive form down to date it introduces adroitly material on India Well-informed leaders among to and Africa and stimulates the young people are awake to the missionary imp u I s e toward value of handwork as a medium Your "sharing" with racial neighbors for mental and spiritual cul- Children the world over. Through true- ture, as well as an expression of to-life incidents narrated in six developing initiative. The puz- Th~ small children of sco.res of American parchapters-each appealing to a zling question is, where to get ents tn ChIn.a, Japan, Africa, India and many different interest or type of per- grist for the mill, namely, fresh other countnes are receiving their entire ele~ sonality-it reveals the shock- plans and materials. To such mentary education from Calvert School in Baltiing social conditions in non- workers this book is calculated more. This famous school sends attractive to prove a mine of wealth, espe- courses of study to children of missionaries, Christian lands, the evils and cially in these days of financial army and navy officers, officials in the diplomatic stress; it utilizes the greatest corps and others. With Calvert courses Ameri~ abuses of unchristianized com- variety of waste material and can children even though they be in' distant mercialism, the w 0 r 1d-w ide remnants-tin cans, meat skew- lands, need suffer no educational disadvantage, sources of supply for our indis- ers, old broom handles, fish b.ut can receive an excellent elementary educa· bones and the like, to make real- hon. pensable commodities, our de- ly charming things. The pospendance on overseas labor and sibilities of its range may be Thorough instruction is given from first the close interrelationship of all judged from its Table of Con- grade to high school by means of daily lessons members of God's widely dis- tents: "Inexpensive Work for persed family. Boys and Girls; Inexpensive in all fundamental subjects-arithmetic. his- A missionary pull, upon the Work for Boys; Needlework; tory, composition, grammar, etc. Also, an basis of simple human interests, abundantly rich background is provided in the is made on parents, agricultur- Raffia Work; Raffia and Canvas Calvert courses by the addition of subiects not Work; Raffia and Cork Mats; Designing with Colored Paper; taught by the average school. Fascinating les- sons in history of art-famous sculpture paint~ iugs, buildings; nature study; eleme'nts of astronomy, geology and physics; enlighten the course. Children delight in the interesting manner in which all the work is presented.

Later when Calvert pupils take their places with other children, they usually have advancer.

ists, business folk and social Leatherwork; T w i s ted Sea standing. Parents are naturally delighted with workers. In the course of the Grass Seating; Cane Chair Seatstory, an effective reply is made ing; Copper and Brass Foil Calvert courses. Ther provide real pleasure to Work; Beaten Metal Work; both teacher and pupi . Ways of Decorating; Household Recipes; Gifts for Mission The school furnIshes a year's lessons at once, for only $40 a year, with all books and com- plete ~quipment consisting of pencils, paper. to its initial inquiry as to Schools and Hospitals; Ways of attractive maps, charts and the most modern of Earning Money. educational devices. If extra assistance is de~ whether a talented, well-edu- sired by parent, the school gives a monthlY cated person is making the best A more ready reference hand- criticism service at a most reasonable cost. worth-while life-investment in Heads of missionary hoards have commented on for e i g n missionary service. There is also an appeal to the the very moderate cost of Calvert instructIon. In many places groups have been organized and are successfully taught by mothers with no teaching experience. All the courses, in· spirit of fair play: "Don't you eluding a splendid Kindergarten course, are suitable for either individual ($10.50) or group think it is up to us to see that instruction at a reduced price. more of them hear of Him? It Virgil M. Hillyer, originator of Calvert home instruction school courses wrote "A Child's His· book could scarcely be compiled. tory of the World" and "A Child's Geography," seems to me we are not playing The materials used are classified the game if we take all that they alphabetically-American Cloth, successful hooks lilled with the life and intere,t do for us without troubling to that brighten all Calvert Home lessons. Use the share our good things with them Blotting Paper, Cans, Fir Cones, in return." Spiritual dynamite· etc.-referring to the pages on coupon for full information including sample is employed in the last chapter which each article is exploited. tests, papers and lessons. to blast Christian people out of In each chapter the successive CALVERT SCHOOL 187 W. Tuscany Road. Baltimore, Md.

Please send me full information, including a sample lesson, their indifference: paragraphs are headed in bold Name ………………………………………………………………..

"It seems to me that we here had type and deal with distinct Address ……………………………………………………………. all of us got into a nice, comfortable items. The illustrations are Child's Age ……………………………………………………….

the handwork as a part of known, the various dervish or- JUST OFF THE

a missionary program. "Such ders are found everywhere in gatherings, linked with prayer Java; Sufism is the background Sovereignty and Grace and study, can be of immense of Moslem thought. The author value, seeking as they do to give is well acquainted with the lit- By Professor John B. Chempion, A.M.,Th.D. opportunity to each boy and girl erature of the subject. He to offer their best work as part quotes with approval the state- B.atem BapUat TbeololJcal Seminary of their share in making Jesus ment of Nicholson: "Notwith- Christ King in all the world." standing the breadth and depth I N this book, the long debated problem of of the gulf between full-blown Sovereignty and Grace Is reviewed and ESTELLA S. AITCHISON. Sufism and orthodox I s I a m Interpreted from the personal point of many, if not most Sufis, have view. Calvinism and Armlnlanlsm are re- Salting the Earth. A Story of Rural paid homage to the Prophet and stated In terms that eliminate the weakness Reconstruction. By H. and H. F. h a v e observed the outward of both. What a wealth of material students Topping. Paper. 38 pp. 20 cents. forms of devotion, which are, in- of th" Scriptures will find In the enfoldlngs Published by the Author. Tokyo. cumbent on all Moslems. They of law and liberty-the will which Is free to have invested· these rites and will as the eye Is free to see, and the ear to The order of Friends of Jesus, ceremonies with a new meaning. helLr; foreordillation and,th!! problem of evil! founded by Kagawa, enrolls they have allegorized them, but 1,300 members who advocate they have not abandoned them~" The author writes that Grace Is God's peace and brotherhood as essen- The book consists of three love for the sinner In spite of his Ingratitial elements of Christianity. parts: first, an account of mys- tUde, Injustice and guilt. Divine fulfillmellt The authors of this booklet ex- ticism as it exists in Java; took place when all that was In God was press the hope that their account second, its relation to faith, and fulfilled In relation to all that Is In sin. of one of the members may help a final chapter on the conclu- Sacrifice Is the sovereign ·source and secret Americans to realize that many sions that follow for the work of GOd's repossession of u's and our joy and of the common people of Japan of missions. The work is well fellowship In Christ forever and ever. desire peace and should have the documented and gives evidence sympathy of lovers of peace in of wide reading. The book abounds with epigrammatic senother lands. The story is excel- tences, revealing the logician, psychologist, lent material for mission study SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. philosopher and theologian. It gives us, In classes and missionary societies. modern thought and language, a new Inter- ~~Why I Lislen pretation and understanding of the most dif- A. J. B. ficult and the most Important of all subjects, 10 Minislers~~ –God and His sovereign grace In their Mystik Und Glaube: im Zusammen- relation to mankind. hang mit der Mission auf Java. By A 3i-page boolele,t which Dr. B. M. Schuurman. 125 pp. 3 eims to Melee thelulcewerm !$l4 pages. Cloth, $1.50 Guilders. Martinus Nijhoif, Pub- Hot, but not med FOll SALE By ,lishers. Hague, Netherlands. WISE folks are saying that if tem- THE EVANGELICAL PRESS The missionaries in Java have poral conditions are to improve Harrisburg, Pe. made notable contributions to we must generate more spiritual the science of missions. Some power. To hilve morefilith in spirit- The Christian Mission in America. years ago Dr. Bakker wrote a ual forces more people must hilve the HUgh T. Kerr. 184 pp. $1.00. thesis on the subject of Polyg- Loyal Layman's confidence in what Friendship Press. New York. amy in the native church which the minister hils to SilY. This booklet, deserved a much larger circula- by" layman of wide experience, in- Faith-An Historical Study. Stewart tion than it received. In the spires thilt confidence. Means. 334 pp. $2.50. Macmilstudy of Islam there have been lan. New York. several remarkable books. The Send" dime only, for your sample 'present treatise is for the spe- copy. Joseph Jac~son Fuller. Robert Glecialist working among Moham- nine. 65 pp. 6d. Carey Press. medans, rather than for the THE MAYWOOD PRESS London. general reader. It deals with the relationship of Islamic mys- Box i554 Sidney Center, N. Y. How Far to the Nearest Doctor? ticism and faith. As is well Edward M. Dodd. 163 pp. $1.00. New Books Friendship Press. New York.

A Self-Made Bishop. G. L. King. 58 India, Burma-Fact Finders' Reports pp. lB. S. P. G. House, London. of the Laymen's Foreign Missions, Inquiry. Orville A. Pitt, Editor. Bishop Montgomery-A Memoir. By 760 pp. $1.50. Harpers. New York. M. M. 109 pp. 28. .6d. S. P. G. Mai-dee of the Mountains. Mary London. Brewster Hollister. 153 pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. Broken Bonds. K. S. Malden. 101 pp. 28. S. P. G. House. London., The Press and the Gospel. W. H. Murray Walton. 160 pp. 28. 6d. Craftsmen All. Edward Shillito. Student Christian Movement. Lon- 159 pp. $1.00. Friendship Press. don. New York. Reminiscences of' Seventy Years. Hiromichi Kozaki. 404 pp. Chris- tian Literature Society of Japan. Tokyo.

The Word of the Cross to Hindus. Edgar W. Thompson. 327 pp. 78. 6t!. Epworth Press. London.

What Shall We Do About -Missions? John Leslie Lobinger. 44 pp. 25 cents. The Pilgrim Press. Boston.

Young American Makes Friends. Mary Alice Jones and Rebecca CandiIl. 122 pp. $1.00. Friend- ship Press. New York.

THE MOSLEM

SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JULY NUMBER: The Pulpit in 1,lam (Frontispiece) …………………………S.muel M. Zwemer The Euentia(ity of the Crou…… . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. The lete W. H. Temple Gairdner Mohammed', Doctrine of Revelation (Tran.lated) …………………..Tor Andrae American Negro Mohammedan,…………………………….. Pierre Crabite. The Gypsie. of Modern Egypt ……………………………… John Walleer The MOilem Women of Algeria ……………………….. Millicent H. Roche Current TopiCi …… Boole Review•…… Survey of Periodical, SUBSCRIBE TODAY c Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 FIfth Aven.. Ne. Volle City Single copies, SOc.; Annu41 Subscription, $2.00 i in Combin4tion with the REVIEW, $3.50 MARSHALL, MORGAN a SCOTT, 11 P……OIter …1eI11I", LoIldOll PrIce III GreelIrIt8II, Ellhi ShllUn.., lIet THE KING'S BUSINESS Girdles the Globe Subscribers and Contributors in Every Country in the World St4rk pioneer Relds, isol4ted misssion st4tions, crowded, dise4se-infected, superstition-steeped sections-to till of these THE KING'S BUSINESS ministers. It is quite n4turdl that out From them there should come to the pages of THE KING'S BUSINESS missiondry 4rticles, R4shing with power 4nd luminous with dppedl.

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The Missionary Review of the World — January 1933

1933

!.., An Appraisal of the Appraisal Robert E. Speer What Is Our Commission?

Henry W. Frost Elias Riggs-Pioneer in Turkey Charles Trowbridge Riggs The Berry Schools of Georgia Tracy Byers Missionaries to Convert the Church w. Wilson Cash A Woman's View of the Layme.n's Report'

Lucy W. Peabody

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FINANCIAL Beginning with this new year, the REVIEW is being published in Harris- PLAN burg, Pa. The Evangelical Press is an old friend and our former printer. …is what hundreds of satisfied Subscriptions, orders for single copies persons consider the annuity and advertising contracts should be agreements of the American addressed to THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Bible Society. Here is what OF THE WORLD, Third and Reily Sts., Mrs. M. D. of NewYork writes: Harrisburg, Pa. Keep the trade alive I "I know of no safer wa, to inC/est ••• molle)'. 'The pa,ments are alwa,s Do not fail to read the appraisals paid just when they of the "Laymen's Appraisal Report!' are due. I onl, wish Dr. Robert E. Speer examines it with I had thousands to a microscope. Mrs. Henry W. Pea- body tackles it with a surgeon's lan- Read the en# cet. Already a thousand extra copies thusiastic testi# of this issue have been ordered. It monyofMr.E.W.ofIIlinois: should be in the hands of every pas- tor and every missionary. Send in "No other wa, of making inC/estments requires so your order now-before copies are little attention and care. No fret or worry." exhausted. • • • Advancing years need not be feared Many stirring articles have been when you know that this Society, crowded out of this issue. Look for them. They include papers by Dr. indispensable to the missionary en# Samuel M. Zwemer, Kenneth S. La- terprise, and of unquestioned fi# tourette, John A. Mackay, C. S. Det- nancial stability, is behind this weiler and others. Then there are annuity articles on Abyssinia, John R. Mott, Latin America, Alaska, Tibet, Mo- That Gives rocco, China and Home Missions.

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the assurance of a dependable income ••• as long as you live. An easy-to#read booklet "The REVIEW grows better and better all the time. I cannot do my tells you all about it-the rates you receive- work without it, and feel that it is a real contribution to the cause when how you help in making the Scriptures widely others receive its help and inspira- tion. Please send announcement gift % ~,~;'",lt-1 0,. available around the earth-how a friend or relative cards with the enclosed five subscrip- may be included – how this annuity agreement tions."-Mas. J. W. MILLS, Texas. q., AND gives you a ••• AS HIGH AS My sister and I have enjoyed the REVIEW even better this year than in 9 %o~Cc,,~ Double Satisfaction the past.-MBS. L. C. JONES, New ACCO~o t- York. I . ·—————-1 II ••• entitled " t Kh.I.'ta: I I think the REVIEW is splendid and AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY am thankful that it is to be con- Bible Hou.., Astor Plaee, N_ Yorle City tinued.-A. A. HYDB, Kansas.

Pleaoe send me, without obligation, your booklet No. ••• "A Gift That Lives." ,JCI' ! __ fORTHI. J'~ ::==_==~_~=~~~ ~~_=_II I loaned several copies of the RE- VIEW lately to help a leader. As she returned them she said: "I've otten wondered why you knew so much about missions; now I know why."

I have been giving the most inter- esting bits on our missionary pro- grams as current events or, as "The Reporter," with a wonderful amount of appreciation from our society.- W. C. HERRON, Des Moines, Iowa.

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A NAVAJO PRAYER THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

Lord of the Mountain DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Reared with the mountain, Young man, chieftain, VOL. LVI JANUARY, 1933 No.1 Hear a young man's prayer! Hear a prayer for cleanness. FRONTISPIECE PAGE 2 Keeper of the strong rain Drumming on the mountain; TOPICS OF THE TIMES …………………………… . Lord of the small rain That restores the earth in newness; The New Year Outlook HUllWll Slavery Keeper of the clean rain, Rethinking the Laymen's Appraisal TaskH f01' a l'uited ChUrch Hear a prayer for wholeness. The Need for a ChriRtinn Sor.ial Ord(,f ~orifLI IdpalR and PPfRonnl Heligion Young man, chieftain, AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL ……………….. . 7 Hear a prayer for fleetness. Keeper of the deer's way, By Dr. Robert E. Speer. for forty years Secretary of thp Doard of Forpign Reared among the eagles, Missions of the Presbyterian Church, ('. S. A. Clear my feet of slothness. Keeper of the paths of men, WHAT IS OUR COMMISSION? ………………………. . 28 Hear a prayer for straightness. By Dr. Henry W. Frost, for nearly forty years Home Director of the China Hear a prayer for courage, Inland Mission. Lord of the thin peaks, Reared among the thunders; ELIAS RIGGS-PIONEER IN TURKEY ……………….. . 30 Keeper of the headlands Holding up the harvests; By Dr. Charles Trowbridge Riggs, for thirty-five years missionary of the Keeper of the strong rocks, American Board in Turkey. Hear a prayer for staunchness. THE BERRY SCHOOLS OF GEORGIA ……………….. . 33 Young man, chieftain, Spirit of the Mountain.. By Tracy Byers. author of ":Warth" Berry, the Sunday Lady of Possum Trot." Do. yQU like this CQPy Qf THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF MISSIONARIES TO CONVERT THE CHURCH 37 THE WORLD? By the Rev. W. Wilson Cash, former missionary and now Secretary of the If so., do. yQU knQw Qf any friends . Church Missionary Society. who. WQuld like it enQugh to. become subscribers? Kindly send us names. A WOMAN'S CRITICISM OF THE LAYMEN'S REPORT … 39 Name By Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, for forty years a leader in foreign missionary work among women. Address … THE GO-BETWEEN ………………………………… . 42 Name ……… A Poem by Miss Lereine Ballantine. Address ………………………. REACTIONS TO THE LAYMEN'S REPORT …………… . 43 Name EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING …………………… . 46 Address ….. Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison.

WOMEN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN 49 Edited by Miss Anne Seesholtz.

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Golden Channel of Service*

By S. D. GORDON Author ot "Quiet Talks on Power," etc.

MONEY supplies a golden channel of service through which one may reach most intimately to others, near by and around the world. If God be the dominating motive power in a man's life, then does gold come the nearest to omnipotence of any tangible thing. It takes on the quality of Him who breathes upon it.

The man who in his use of money thinks only or chiefly of the years making up his own present life is-a fool. The man who takes into his reckoning not only the present generation, but all coming generations, in disposing of his money is the shrewd financier.

Money is not riches. Perhaps we have not all quite escaped that delusion. And money is neither righteous nor unrighteous. It gets its moral quality from the man owning it for the time being. It takes on the color of its ownership.

Jesus Christ gives us the simple law for the right use of money. Make friends by means of the money that comes into your control that when it fails they may receive you. Exchange your money into the coin that is current in the Kingdom of God. Exchange your gold into lilies. This yellow stuff that we call riches they use for paving stones up in the Homeland. Would that we might put it under our feet down here, instead of being ruled by it.

The current coin of heaven is the lives of men. And these too will be reckoned the precious metal when the Kingdom of God comes to the earth. Exchange your money into men; purified, uplifted, redeemed men. Buy letters of credit that will be good in the Homeland, and in the coming Kingdom days on the earth, if you would be wealthy.

"That when it fails," Jesus says with fine discernment. Money will fail. There is an I I end to the power of gold in itself. Money will be bankrupt some day. It has enormous buying power now. Some day its power will all be gone. Then it will take the place of paving stones. Yet it would seem to be a failure even there unless some new hardening process had been found for it. Better use it while it has the power of purchase. Better not be caught with much of the yellow stuff sticking to you when the true values are being settled. It will all be dead loss then; dead stock, not worth the space it occupies.

Exchange your gold into men. Buy up some of the kind of coin that they use in the Homeland, so that you may have some wealth there . . . People who expect to go to a foreign country provide the recognized coinage of that country before going.

Here is a man who goes from life on the earth into the other life. He will attempt to take some of his belongings with him for they seem inseparable from him . . . But that sort of thing doe!i not pass current up in the Heavenly land . , . There will be a strange readjustment of values on the other side . . . Some who have been reckoned poor among men will be found to be the shrewdest investors. They will be the millionaires of the Kingdom time and in the Homeland-not dollar-millionaires, but life-millionaires. The standard of wealth in the Homeland is lives, not dollars.

The element of sacrifice must be in the giving if it is to be effective. Sacrifice was the dominant factor in God's giving of His Son, real sacrifice. It was dominant in Jesus' giving His own self and His life, keen cutting sacrifice. Who will follow in their train? All beyond one's need should be out in circulation for the Master in His campaign to save the world.

" Condensed from "Quiet Talks on Service," by S. D. Gordon, published by Fleming H. Revell Company, New York.

NARY

REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS —- .. ————~——— VOLUME LVI JANUARY, 1933 NUMBER ONE Topics of the Times THE NEW YEAR OUTLOOK may well accept the admonition and encourage- ment of Jesus, the Christ, given to His little band Never have men faced a New Year with more of disciples in the darkest hour of history, just perplexity and apprehension than we face the before His crucifixion. They were a small, weak year 1933. The whole world seems in a turmoil band of peasants; their little country was sub- -warfare and threatened upheavals mark politi- ject to an alien power; the political, social and cal life in Central America, in Ecuador and Co- religious leaders were against them; their aclombia, in Bolivia and Paraguay, in Chile and cepted Messiah was condemned to die a felon's Argentina; in Europe and in India, in China, death and their own little chosen band included Manchukuo and Japan. War debts and economic a traitor and timid and self-seeking disciples. In distress threaten to overturn the social and in- that hour Jesus Christ gave His disciples (in John dustrial institutions of Germany and Britain, of xiv) the remedy for discouragement: America, Australia and other countries. Soviet Russia is struggling to put through her economic 1. "Believe in God"-the creator and loving heaven- Five-Year Program but with small prospects of ly Father whom He had come to reveal. success; her leaders threaten to outlaw all religion in five years. Atheistic communism is also 2. "Believe in me"-the eternal Son of God, and Saviour who had come to redeem a lost and sinful carrying on a tireless and systematic missionary propaganda in other lands, taking advantage of WO:.ldB~~i~vt~ i~r!~! ~~~~a~~~/~~~:t~~;~r!Olil:!~~d folthe present world-wide unrest. In America and Great Britain-the foremost nations established low the Way of Life that He came to point out and to somewhat on Christian ideals-economic de- make possible. pression and unemployment threaten the very existence of many philanthropic, religious and 4. Believe in God's power and readiness to do missionary enterprises. Poverty stares former "greater things" for His people in the future than He liberal givers in the face; mission boards are cut- had ever done in the past. ting down appropriations and churches are fac- 5. Believe in God's abiding presence and continued ing deficits. revelation of Christ, and His carrying out of His lov- This is a time of crisis, but it is not unprece- ing purposes through His Holy Spirit-ever abiding with His true followers. dented. Many times in past years the world has been in a worse plight. Had we lived in the days These promises were all fulfilled in the days of the crucifixion of Christ or in the Dark Ages, following the resurrection; they are being realand had we known world conditions then as we ized today where the conditions are fulfilled. We know them now, we might well have been dis- do not always see the fulfillment and our miscouraged. Today we know and are affected by taken expectations and ambitions often mislead conditions in other lands; we are disturbed be- us as the early disciples were misled by false cause our desires for peace, prosperity and en- ideas. Today, as of old, only God can tell the lightenment are so far from realized. Conditions number of those who "have not bowed the knee may not be essentially worse but our ideals are to Baal"-but they include unnumbered multihigher and we have experienced great past pros- tudes in many lands. It is not possible to estiperity. mate the volume of prayer that is offered con- tinually that the rule of God may be established What then should be our New Year outlook as and recognized in all the earth. The New Year we face present distress and opportunity. We begins with a Universal Week of Prayer in which Christians of every race and tribe and nation unite to honor Almighty God, as revealed turough [3 ]

Jesus Christ, and to seek His guidance and power informed Christian what he writes will come with authority. for the work He has commissioned His Church Mrs. Henry W. Peabody also gives "A Woman's to do in the world. Appraisal" of the Laymen. She is held in high esteem for her wisdom and devotion and her Suffering may come to Christians today, as it views will carry weight because of her experience as a missionary in India, her forty years as a came to the early Church, but all the machina- missionary executive and her wide travel and extensive authorship in the interest of foreign tions of atheistic communism and of other forces missions. Her views are expressed frankly and clearly. of evil, and even death itself, cannot prevail Another paper in this number deserving attenagainst the Church of Christ-in Russia, or in tion deals with the fundamental question: "What Is Our Missionary Commission?" In it Dr. America or in any other land. We have His Henry W. Frost, for forty years Home Director of the China Inland Mission for North America, promise. The forces of evil have tried in vain to takes clear issue with the missionary aims and purpose expressed by the Appraisal Commission. overthrow the power of Christ through lies, cor- We quote elsewhere terse comments on the Reruption, persecution, and death but they have port and reactions expressed by various church boards, pastors, editors, missionaries, and laynever succeeded and never will. men. So many debatable questions are raised by the Appraisal Commission that we purpose to de~ The New Year outlook-with God-is one that vote some space each month to their considera- tion. Articles on the Christian missionary ideals, calls for a clearer understanding of His ideals, aims, message, personnel, methods and adminis- tration will be written by such leaders as Dr. a reconsecration to His service, readjustments to Julius Richter of Germany, Dr. W. Wilson Cash of London, Dr. John A. Mackay, Dr. Wm. B. His program, and deeper experience of His life. Anderson, Dr. Hugh R. Monro and others. The questions have to do with the whole basis and It is not a disheartening outlook but one full of purpose, the message and plan of Christian mis- sions; they relate to the best use of the large promise and of opportunity-wITH GOD. . sums of money expended; to the type of mission- aries that should be sent out; to the methods and RETHINKING THE LAYMEN'S APPRAISAL equipment most effective in educational and med- ical work; to the initiative, leadership and au- As might have been expected, the publication thority of the churches established in the mission of the Report of the Appraisal Commission of the fields; to the whole success or failure of the work; Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry has aroused and to the need for its continuance on the old or considerable interest and much criticism. Fol- on a new basis. lowing the twenty-two newspaper releases, the Report itself has been published in a volume Many experienced leaders at home and abroad under the title "Rethinking Missions." This ap- are preparing papers for the REVIEW on one or peared on November 18 simultaneously with an another of these topics. Their views and presoral interpretation and defense of the Report by entation of the facts will be interesting and the Appraisal Commissioners. Many boards have worthy of careful study. The whole future of issued official statements concerning the Report, missionary interest and cooperation at home and and pastors, missionaries, laymen and editors the success of work abroad depends on a right have expressed their opinions-pro and con. One attitude toward these questions now under disboard advises all the clergy to read the volume; cussion. This is a time of crisis not only in misbut the truth is that comparatively few clergy or sionary work but in Christian thinking. Shall chu:rch members are well enough acquainted with we go forward or retreat? Does this missionary real facts of missions to enable them to form a enterprise depend on human energy and sagacity, discriminating judgment on the subjects under or does it depend on divine leadership and power? discussion. Are we to attempt to blaze new trails under the leadership of men or are we to follow more fully In this number of the REVIEW we devote con- the divine Leader who has declared Himself to be siderable space to the Report and its recom- the Way, the Truth and the Life? mendations. This is not because of its peculiar originality, wisdom or authority but because the pUblicity given to the views of these fifteen men and women has aroused interest and even threaten to create a division in the Church. On another page Dr. Robert E. Speer writes a long, fairminded and careful review of the Report. He is undoubtedly the foremost authority in America on the subject of foreign missions. He has studied the subject for over forty years, has many times visited Asia and Latin America, has written a dozen or more books on missionary topics and for over forty years has been secretary of one of the largest Protestant foreign mission boards in America. As an open-minded and well-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

THE NEED FOR A CHRISTIAN SOCIAL dous readjustment in the scale of living and of ORDER wages. The only solution of industrial and other problems is through the adoption of truly Chris- The Baptist Social Service Committee has re- tian ideals and methods in which cooperation will cently published a call for "A Christian Recon- replace competition; where brotherly love will struction of Society." There seems to be no take the place of self-aggrandizements; where ground for denial of the fact that in every land there will be a return to a simple mode of living; the present social order is based on selfishness- where many will serve without remuneration in which is far from Christian. The Baptist sum- political, social and religious spheres; where the marizes the committee findings as follows: number of wage earners in a family will be lim- ited to necessity; where wealth will not be ac- Our civilization is not condemned as wholly bad, cumulated but will be quickly distributed; and but it is in its policies, practises, and results, grossly where the principles and Spirit of Christ rather at variance with the principles of Christ. It is ma- than the rule of mammon, will prevail in State, terialistic and selfish, exalting personal possessions industry and society. Is there any ground for above public service. It condones injustice, exploiting hope that this time will come except with the comthe poor, crushing the rich under accumulations of un- ing of Jesus Christ to reign in all the world and earned income, distorting the social vision of the peo- in every sphere of life? ple, wasting the common wealth, reducing millions of citizens to privation and a humiliating dependence upon charity.

The solution, according to the report adopted HUMAN SLAVERY by the Northern Baptist Convention, lies in the "The abolition of slavery is an unfinished task courageous application of the teachings of Christ facing Christianity and modern civilization." as to all human relationships. These teachings This is a challenge issued by the Committee on include the conviction that African Welfare 0 f the Federal Council of The principles of the Gospel are socially valid; that Churches. It is true that human slavery is not goodwill, guided by intelligence, is a sound basis for a wholesome community life; that society can be made yet abolished from the earth. Hundreds of thou- Christian in spirit, structure, and function; that the sands of domestic slave girls are reported to be people are educable for social living; that higher in- still bought and sold in China; these servants centives than avarice, ambition, or any other motive are household drudges, often abused and without of predatory self-interest, can be invoked to bring out civil rights. It is estimated that half a million the best service of the individual to his fellows; that men and women are slaves in African and Arab the people can be entrusted with the power of demo- homes; many are kept in ignorance and servile cratic control over their economic life; that industry labor or form part of Moslem harems. But the can be organized on the principle of cooperation for evil is not confined to Asia or Africa.

the common good; that distribution can be so coordi- The Committee of the Federal Council is connated as to supply the needs of all; that there need cerned especially with the matter of enforced and be no dispossessed class sinking into servitude, pov- slave labor in Africa. Liberia is now under scruerty, ignorance, vice, and misery; that civil govern- tiny by the League of Nations because of unment can be made ~he democratic agent of the com- savory reports of slavery in that Black Republic. munity for the impartial promotion of the welfare of There is also contract labor in Portuguese Africa all the people; that disagreements among groups, and other parts of the continent; this is degradclasses, and nations can be adjusted peaceably; that the cooperative commonwealth is practicable on a ing and inhuman. To clear forests, build roads world-wide scale. and railways, to work in mines or till the soil, Such faith is inherent in the acceptance of Jesus thousands of men and women are taken from Christ as the exponent of the true way of life. It their homes and compelled to work for less than glows with the love of Christ for humanity. Its sym- it costs to live in decency. The inhuman exploitabol is the Cross. tion brings misery, disease and moral and physi- The findings of the new "technocracy" are be- cal disaster. Thus many tribes are ruined and ing studied by economic and social experts in an families are blotted out. In some districts forced attempt to solve unemployment, overproduction labor means practically slavery.

and faulty distribution problems in this machine The Committee on African Welfare plans to age. Some of the technocracy group go so far study the problems affecting native peoples of as to say that if we are to absorb the output of Africa from the standpoint of social and economic modern factories where the electric eye, the robot progress and human rights; they will advise with and other machines are taking the place of hu- other groups interested in promoting the welfare man labor, then the hours of employment may of primitive peoples and will make public the in- be reduced to one or four days a week or two to formation gathered on the subject.

four hourf'l a day. Thif'l would mean a tremen- But there are other human slaves-not all so

classed. These are the prostitutes of Japan and TASKS FOR A UNITED CHURCH other lands who are slaves of human lust. They have no liberty because they cannot buy their Organic union is less effective than spiritual freedom. There are economic slaves in Europe and America who are compelled by hunger to unity. There is room enough for individualism work for a pittance and have no freedom to enjoy life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Among and varied activities in any church or group of these are multitudes of child workers whose impoverished or cruel parents compel them to labor churches. The unity required is that which cenand then absorb the meager fruits of their hard service. Even employed workers are fortunate if ters in loyalty to Christ and cooperation in His we do not all become slaves of economic conditions and of the machine age which keeps men service. At Indianapolis (December 6-9) the grinding away at materialistic tasks, with no spiritual eyesight, like Samson, following a tread- Federal Council of Churches held its Quadrenmill existence without making progress. But the worst evils come from the fact that everywhere nial Meeting and considered the tasks which conmen and women are still in the slavery of sinbound by chains of desire and of habit. Today front the united Protestant Church of America America is threatened by the domination of gangsters, of bootleggers, of unprincipled politicians today. Dr. Arthur W. Beaven, President of Coland plutocrats. Not ready to learn from past experience, the legislatures are preparing again to gate-Rochester Divinity School, was elected preslicense the manufacture and sale of soul and body destroying intoxicants which take away self-con- ident to succeed Bishop Francis J. McConnell. trol and bring inebriates under slavery to lust, dishonesty, insanity, and murderous passion. This Quadrennial Meeting was significant be- What is the way out of this human slavery? cause of the plans made for reorganization in the The condition was even more prevalent and more recognized in the days when Christ was on earth. interest of relating the Council more closely to He came "to proclaim liberty to the captive," and said clearly, "If the son shall make you free-ye the constituent denominations. These plans inshall be free indeed." If men are to be set free they must be liberated from the control of lust for clude the following: gold and power and slavery to personal appetite. Real slavery is spiritual rather than physical. 1. The Council is to meet every two years, instead Let Christ rule in Japan and there will be no li- of every four. This is to secure closer oversight and censed quarter and no vice in the home. Let larger exercise of responsibility by the official repre- Christ rule in China and domestic slavery will be no more. Let Christ rule among Arabs and the sentatives of the denominations. The size of the greed for gold and for enlarged harems will be Council is reduced, each denomination being entitled taken away; let Christ rule in Africa and men and women will work without compulsion to de- to three members with an additional member for every velop the earth and will receive a living wage. 100,000 of its communicants. Let Christ rule in Europe and America and truth, justice, purity and brotherly love will drive out 2. The Executive and Administrative Committees the desire to exploit humanity for the sake of are combined as the Executive Committee, to meet "filthy lucre." monthly. Each denomination is entitled to two mem- bers on this Committee with an additional member for "Whosover commits sin is the bondservant of every 500,000 communicants after the first 500,000. sin." Men are set free from the domination of sin and selfishness as they are drawn into the 3. All members, both of the Council and of the Exservice of Christ and stand fast in the liberty wherewith Christ has made us free. It is not ecutive Committee, are to be named directly by the necessary again to be entangled by the yoke of bondage-to forms and ceremonies, to passions denominations. There are to be no coopted members. and love of gold and material things, to fear or favoritism. The freest people in the world are 4. The commissions and committees are reorganized the voluntary hond-Rlaves of Jesus Christ. into eight departments,-Field, Evangelism, Research and Education, Social Service, Race Relations, Inter- national Justice and Goodwill, Relations with Churches Abroad, Radio. There is to be also a Committee on W<lrl!.hill.

5. All departments and committees are to be ap- pointed by, and under the direcUon of, the Executive Committee. .

Social Ideals and Personal Religion Another center of interest was the stateme.nt of revised "Social Ideals." These ideals deal pri- marily with the meaning of the Christian Gospel for our economic and industrial life, but add sec- tions on problems of race, world peace, rural life, and the family. The section on Marriage and the Hom'e, particularly the part relating to informa- tion about birth control by physicians and other qualified persons was referred to the Executive Committee for further study and report.

There was also emphasis on the basic necessity of personal religion and Christian faith. No fewer than five speakers dealt trenchantly with this question. Larger Christian Unity was the subject of the farewell address of BiRhop McCon- nell as preRident of the Council.

Appraisal of the

An attempt at a lust Review of the Report of the Appraisal Commission of the Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry By ROBERT E. SPEER, New York Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions; Author of "The Unfinished Task of Foreign Missions," etc., etc.

OUR first desire ought to be and is to ex- in which the Commission tried to consider the press hearty appreciation of the purpose work of foreign missions. The Commission and spirit of this Inquiry and Report and sought "to be thorough in its inquiry and objec- of the unselfish devotion of time and effort which tive in its attitude" and "to consider always the it represents. It was undertaken and has been greater interest rather than the lesser, the good carried through with the highest motives and of humanity rather than the growth of a special with the earnest intent of advancing the mission- movement." (Report, p. 3.) ary cause in its efficiency on the field, and of en- This was the right method for the Commission listing at home a far larger body of laymen in in its study of missions and it is the right method its adequate support. There ought to be no ques- for all of us in the study of the Commission's tion of motive or purpose raised with regard to Report. Our only question should be, Is this a this able and friendly criticism of the work of just and true Report? If not, wherein does it foreign missions. And likewise there should be err? If in other matters it does not err, what no such question raised in the case of criticism help can we derive from it? Missionaries and of this criticism. Missionaries and missionary missionary administrators are not holding jobs.

administrators ought to welcome this review of They are spending their lives and they want to them and their work with no reference to motive spend them in the wisest and most fruitful way.

or intentions, except gladly and unreservedly to The Criticisms of Missions acknowledge that both the Inquiry and the Re- port have been animated by the highest and the Let it be said at once that there ought to be no worthiest purpose. Likewise those who must sensitiveness at all on the part of Missions and now appraise this appraisal must not be charged Boards with regard to their being passed under with prejudice or obstinacy if they find things the severest criticism. The Report begins with from which they must dissent. They must be the recognition of the fact that this has been the credited with the same sincerity and open-mind- lot of Protestant missions since they began. In- edness and right purpose with which they gladly deed it was the lot of St. Paul at the outset. And credit others. modern missions were launched against an ocean Some of those engaged in this Inquiry and Re- of criticism both within and without the Church.

port are among one's best and dearest friends, Never during their history have foreign missions who have been known and loved for many years, been free from scrutiny and appraisal. They but the matter to be considered is not concerning have not asked to be. On the contrary, if I may the devoted persons engaged in the Report but repeat words written many months before the the Report itself. The Report is an objective Laymen's Foreign Missions Inquiry was first document, now printed and copyrighted in final suggested: form, and it is to be studied and judged for what "The foreign mission enterprise criticizes itself far it is and as it stands. Interpretations and quali- more within than it is criticized without. There could fications, such as were offered at the Conference be made with little difficulty a list of reports, books on November 18 and 19 (to which reference will and articles by missionaries and missionary adminis- be made), will not reach the tens of thousands trators which deal far more radically and intelligently of persons to whom the Report and the publicity with the problems of missions than the critics have done from without. Noone ever dealt more vigor- releases will have gone. It is these documents ously with the problem of the relation of missions and and the judgments contained in them that alone education than Rufus Anderson, or of missions and are to be considered and they ought to be con- subsidies that John L. Nevius, or of missions and sidered in the same unflinching and objective way economics than A. G. Jones, or of missions and gov- [7]

ernments than R. N. Cust, or of missions and society fact the financial response from the laymen was than J. C. Gibson, or of missions and national char- negligible and the Inquiry was carried through, acter than Guido Verbeck and Samuel A. Barnett, or not as a great and widespread movement of layof missionary administration than S. J. Clark. The men, but by a very small and devoted group. In foreign mission movement is full of shortcomings. It this it was in the true line of foreign missions must inevitably be. Its central idea becomes con- which has always been a small minority movefused. The great religious and theological convictions ment, a few individuals leading and seeking to back of it become relaxed or distorted. Its best agents inspire and carry the rest. realize most their inadequacy. And all of its agents are not the best. But so far as it is genuine and true And the Report itself is not really a laymen's it will go on, and criticism will help it and not hurt it. Report. A full third of it is a careful discussion It will winnow and clarify, and while it may cut down of the theological and religious and psychological the volume of support, especially the unjustified criti- basis of foreign missions, written by two of the cism that goes on within the Church and among the ablest and most justly respected philosophers of Christian people who ought to be supporting missions, our country. Three of the fifteen members of all this will be beneficial. Foreign missions have al- the Commission were ministers and three were ways been a small minority cause, and will continue ,so. women. Only three members would class with The worthwhile causes live by their worthwhileness, the type of business laymen to whom the newsnot by majority commendation. papers and the popular impression attribute the Report. Is It a Laymen's Report? All this does not discredit the Report or affect The special elements of significance in the criti- our judgments about it, which must be absolutely cisms of this Appraisal Commission's Report are objective. The Report is the Report and it is its friendly intent, its comprehensiveness, its with it alone that we have to deal. It is very deserious and persuasive presentation, the gravity sirable, however, that we should approach it and of the fundamental issues which it raises and the deal with it on a basis of absolute truth and realextraordinary publicity which has been organized ity as to how it originated and what it represents. for it. As a matter of fact, the "laymen" idea can be easily overdone. It is overdone in such state- Before we go on to study the Report there are ments as the one made on November 18, "It is two or three matters which deserve comment. we laymen who furnish the money." Most of First, in the interest of absolute truth and real- the money comes from women, and in many ity we should examine the impression that this is churches the largest individual donor is the pasa laymen's report and that it represents a great tor. Churches can be named where almost the body of lay concern which undertook the move- whole contribution is from the minister and his ment spontaneously because, as stated at the wife. There is no more infallability or authority meeting on November 18 and 19, "Things were in the views of laymen than in the views of any not right on the foreign field. There were omi- other class. And it does not matter whether the nous rumors. The Boards themselves did not Report was produced by laymen or by theologians seem to know how to direct the work under their or philosophers or women. It must be taken for care." It was stated also that as soon as the what it is and considered as a serious and honest idea of the Inquiry was broached by one denomi- appraisal by sincere and honest and capable men national group "the other denominations came and women. The only relevant question is, how and asked, why can't we join the enterprise?" far is it right and how far is it wrong? The Report itself states the matter more accurately. Members of the other denominations Why the Publicity Releases? were invited and urged to join, and in some cases were persuaded only with difficulty because of The other matter regarding which in all hontheir doubt as to the timeliness of the undertak- esty a word should be said is the "publicity reing, only two years after the Jerusalem Council, leases." When the first copies of the Report were and as to the character and value of the investi- placed in the hands of the Boards in September, gation proposed. Later when the Inquiry Com- after the meeting in Mohonk at which the Committee was constituted, consisting of seven groups mission presented its Report formally to those of five members each from seven denominations, members of the Inquiry who were present, they the real activity was undertaken by a small ex- contained the assurance and admonition that the ecutive committee of seven, and the actual burden Report was to be held confidential until Novemwas borne by a still smaller number. An earnest ber 18, when the Commission expected to present effort was made to enlist a large number of spon- the Report formally to members of the Missionsors, partly to help finance the Inquiry and partly ary Boards. The Mission Boards scrupulously in hope that when the Report was made it might observed this requirement. The Inquiry did not lead, with their support, to a great revival of the do so. It gave as its reason for the enormous Laymen's Missionary Movement. As a matter of

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

publicity campaign which was launched, that it appointed by the Boards. This was the only was desired to awaken public interest and secure form in which the matter ever came before some the wide reading of the full Report when it should of the Boards. The few laymen who were guid- appear. It would seem that the only possible ing it, however, decided that it was better to ethical corollary should have been to release the carry it forward in complete independence of the Boards from the prohibition which the Inquiry Boards, and this was done. The confusion as to had ignored. This was not done and the Boards the scope of the Report is over the question as to were in consequence obliged to be silent when whether the representations and recommenda- their constituents were demanding why they tions of the Report relate only to the missions made no explanation of their position under the of the seven denominations to which the members flood of criticism, and demanded change in the of the Inquiry belong or if they apply to other releases. denominations and also to the missions of other These releases were limited to actual quota- nationalities. It was said by some of the Com- tions from the Report, but the publicity agent missioners at the meeting on November 18 and used the sections most likely to arouse public con- 19 that while the commissioners had viewed other cern, and the character of newspaper editorials work than that of the seven denominations, and headlines was not always unwarranted by nevertheless the Report confined itself to them.

his selections, especially as he set in heavy-faced The Report, however, does not support this view.

type any paragraphs that might be given a sensa- The Foreword makes no mention of any limita- tional construction. tion. It says the study "was to include an objec- The publicity releases have indeed aroused tive view of the presuppositions of the entire en- great interest and also great concern. They were terprise," and was to offer recommendations re- welcomed chiefly by those newspapers which have garding "missionary activities of every sort."

been hostile to missions and by those individuals And the proposals of the Report regarding the who were already antagonistic. They have so basis of missions, policies of work, cooperation aroused a great body of the Christian constitu- and unity, evangelism, personnel, organization encies that they have frustrated their own pur- and administration, are not limited at all to the pose and have made it difficult to secure a fair missions of the seven American denominations consideration of the good elements in the Report. but affect not one whit less all missions of all na- It is interesting to note that in Great Britain, tions. It is this that gives very grave concern after the first few releases, the whole publicity to our British and Canadian missionaries and effort was suppressed by the British Missionary Boards and the large number of groups in the Societies and the British newspapers. It is in- Foreign Missions Conference of North America, teresting also to note that the whole psychology which had no relationship to the Inquiry and Re- of this approach to the Church at home is dia- port. With no voice in the matter they are as metrically opposed to the advice of the Report as deeply affected as anyone else, and the publicity to the missionary approach abroad. The first act releases were poured upon their constituencies of the Inquiry was to do the very sort of thing as elsewhere.

the Report condemns, namely, to antagonize in- The Spirit and Extent of the Appraisal stead of conciliate, to magnify variance instead As we read the Report we cordially recognize of agreement. And does the Report itself always the high mindedness of it, the beautiful literary escape this danger? statement, especially of the first four chapters, Who Was Responsible? the conscientious effort to express accurate and This fact brings to light one more confused just judgments, the ability with which so many feature of the situation which in the interest of different minds and types as the Commission accuracy and truthfulness needs to be clarified, comprise were brought into effective accord, the namely, the responsibility of the Inquiry and the positive confidence and assuredness of opinion, scope of the Report. The Inquiry has been more the courageous destructiveness combined with than once spoken of as representing the seven the purpose of construction, the fearlessness of denominations and sometimes as representing the prediction, the rich humanism, the effort at in- Boards of the seven denominations from which clusion, the unhesitating counsels of perfection, there were members on the Inquiry (Baptist, the competence with which the materials have Congregational, Episcopal, Methodist, Presby- been admitted or discarded, the severity and the terian, Reformed Church in America, United urbanity. One must recognize also, however, the Presbyterian). The Report itself speaks twice of utter inadequacy of the time allowed for such a the "Boards cooperating in this Inquiry." colossal task as the appraisal of the most ex- Originally it was intended that an Inquiry tensive and intricate activity of the Christian should be conducted by a commission of laymen Church. The calendar indeed appears to have

been kind to the Commission, since the Report depth of background. It lacks the evidence of itself states that the Commission was able to the saturation of men's minds in the history and spend three weeks in Central China with head- life of the expansion of Christianity as a great quarters in Shanghai between March 11 and organic movement. It was stated on November March 25! If it means, however, that of three 18 that a chapter on the history of missions had weeks spent in Central China two were spent in been prepared for the Report but had been omit- Shanghai, that would signify that the Commis- ted for lack of room. It would be interesting to sion had one week for Central China and the see that chapter. The Report itself does not bear whole Yangtse Valley. the marks of sufficient first-hand knowledge of The time spent in India and Burma was three the missionary issues in the Apostolic, the medi- months. And why was Burma included and eval and the modern Church. Indeed St. Paul is Korea, racially, politically and religiously at least left out entirely of the first four chapters on the as close to Japan as Burma is to India, omitted? basis of missions except for one reference to his The whole time in China was two and a half tact at Athens (which passes over the sequel), months, at a time of great political disturbances and for the statement that he was not a "foreign limiting travel, and in Japan less than six weeks. missionary after our present pattern." But apart Only the bravest folk would venture on such a from the New Testament, there is no background responsible appraisal as this Report on the basis of appreciation of the evolution of missions or of of such an experience, unless they already had the true motives of the early missionaries, their formed convictions regarding many of the issues attitude to the non-Christian religions and their involved. Nine months would not warrant such interest in social and physical welfare as well as a Report as this unless it rests also, as it ob- in the salvation of souls. The Report defines the viously does, and as it was certain that it must, historical missionary motive as including "'a con- on broad postulates, such as the conceptions of cern for the spiritual welfare of the Orient," "a Christianity and the Church, which were carried fundamental groping toward the moral unity of to Asia and were not drawn from the observa- the world," "a regard for the inner health and tions of those nine months. truth of the existing Church" (p. 9).

Even the work of the three "Fact Finding This is not an authentic picture, especially Groups" which preceded by a year the visit of when we add to it the touches of the Report with the Commission, and whose work was submitted regard to the absorption of the early missionaries'

to the Commission for its use, could not have been thought in saving individuals souls (pp. 19, 61), so adequately exhaustive and accurate as to carry and their want of interest in economic and social the warrant of complete authority. These pre- issues. The most nearly adequate statement of liminary groups were made up of diligent and the early motive is given in the Report on careful workers and it is to be hoped that the page 35: results of their work will be made available. But The original objective of the mission might be stated a pamphlet distributed with the expressed ap- as the conquest of the world by Christianity; it was a proval of the Inquiry, at the meeting on Novem- world benevolence conceived in terms of a world cam- ber 18, stated that there were not a few men "of paign. There was one way of salvation and one only, rather small calibre" in the fact finding groups. one name, one atonement; this plan with its particular Perhaps one may say good-naturedly that this historic center in the career of Jesus must become the judgment may comfort the main body of mission- point of regard for every human soul. The universal aries of whom, as we shall see, the Report says, quality of Christianity lay not alone in its valid prin- "The greater number seem to us of limited out- ciples of truth and morals, but in an essential paradox, look and capacity" (p. 15). They and the "Fact the universal claim of one particular hi·storic fact: Finders" must console one another. the work of Christ. General principles may be rea- soned out, and perhaps proved, so that all men must As we come now to the substance of the Report accept them. But particular facts cannot be proved; there are many right and sound counsels in it they must be recognized. Hence, in respect to its and with some of these we shall deal later. And central fact Christianity was neces,sarily dogmatic- there are also some counsels, which are the major it could only say Ecce Homo, Behold the Man; and it issues of the Report, which seem to us so grave, was committed to a certain intolerance, beneficent in so unsound, so dangerous that one must speak purpose-in the interest of the soul it could allow no of them in the same straightforward and un- substitute for Christ. It came to proclaim truth, flinching manner which characterizes the Report. which is universal; but its truth was embodied in a particular person and his work.

A Lack of Missionary Background The implication is that the new objective and Before taking these matters up in detail there motive must be different. Even this, however, are three broad observations to be made. would need to be supplemented to give it full his- 1. The Report suffers from a lack of adequate toric validity, (a) by recognition of the place in

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

the historic motive of the personal love for their program. And those who were the most Christ. Even with David Livingstone in his ex- intense in their conception of Christianity as sal- ploring days this was the motive: "Shall not the vation for the individual soul for eternity were love of Christ carry the missionary where the more zealous than others who were philanthro- love of gain carries the trader1" Whether it is pists only, in the wealth of their human service.

called delusion or reality, the fact is that this and I pick out only two illustrations. They are not nothing else has been the primary element in the exceptions. They are truly representative.

historic missionary motive. One was William Carey. The missionary meth- (b) By realizing the scope and depth of the ods which he advocated included agriculture, the introduction of good cattle, and promotion of the social ideals of the early missionaries. It has conscious interests of the people. The project come to be accepted as assured fact that the which he set about accomplishing at once upon founders of the modern foreign missionary enter- his arrival in India was a mission which would prise were destitute of the social ideal. Their maintain itself upon and for the industrial life motives and aims, it is supposed, were purely in- of the community. He engaged in the manufacdividualistic and other-worldly. They were seek- ture of indigo. He made the best type and the ing to save souls one by one from a futUre doom best paper in India. He devised new methods of and had no conception of the mission of Chris- paper manufacture. He introduced the first tianity to bind men together in a purified human steam engine erected in India. He began the first society. Therefore their one method was to pre. Indian newspaper. He studied the natural hissent the Gospel orally, to the neglect of those tory of the country and began great collections forms of social service and those conceptions of and laid out experimental gardens. "Spare no human ministry which to our modern view are an pains to get me seeds and roots," he wrote to his essential part of the Gospel and an indispensable son William and names several specimens he deagency in its propagation, because without them sires. His letters are full of these matters. On words alone can neither express nor convey it. August 5, 1794, he wrote to the Society at home, Almost all of our recent missionary literature ac- "I wish you also to send me a few instruments cepts without question this view of the motive of husbandry, viz., scythes, sickles, plough-wheels, and method of the early missionaries.

The Early Missionaries and Social Service and such things; and a yearly assortment of all garden and flowering seeds, and seeds of fruit In affirming the presence in the early mission- trees, that you can possibly procure; and let aries of an intensely rigorous and solemn spirit, them be packed in papers, or bottles well stopped, modern writers are wholly right. These mission- which is the best method. All these things at aries did believe that eternal issues hang upon whatever price you can procure them, and the the relation of men to Christ. They accepted seeds of all sorts of field and forest trees, etc., I without wavering the New Testament view of the will regularly remit you the money for every significance for the world to come of human faith year; and I hope that I may depend upon the and character in this world. They believed that exertions of my numerous fri~nds to procure all men needed to be saved, and that there was them. Apply to London seedsIl}en ,and others, as none other Name given under heaven among men it will be a lasting advantage to this country; by which they might be saved, except the name and I shall have it in my power to do this for of Christ. They did seek to reach men one by what I now call my own country. – Only take care one and to secure the conversion of individuals. that they are new and dry." He founded in 1820 They did believe that the things which are seen "The Agricultural and Horticultural Society in are temporal and that the things which are un- India" and prepared its inquiries which, as Dr. seen are eternal, and they did conceive separately George Smith said, "show a grasp of principles, of Christianity and of the physical and social a mastery of detail and a kindliness of spirit fruitage which it might bear. The earnestness which reveal the practical farmer, the accomof their convictions in these respects cannot be plished observer, and the thoughtful philanthrooverstated. Without it they would never have pist all in one." One only we may quote: faced the inertia and resistance of the Church and of society and succeeded in launching their In what manner do you think the comforts of the undertaking. It would be easy to put together a peasantry around you could be increased, their health mass of testimony illustrative of the strength of better secured, and their general happiness promoted?

their grasp of the individualistic elements in This Society' became a great influence for good Christianity and of their sense of its eternal sig- in India, and later grew into three and formed nificance. the model for the Royal Agricultural Society of But the early missionaries did not lack the so- England, founded in 1838. He justified his ac- cial idea. Many· of them, indeed, over-socialized tion in these matter, "by quoting his hero, David

Brainerd, who was constrained to assist his In- about, that is not traceable in its origin to the< Chrisdian converts with his counsels in sowing their tian missionaries. I have inquired among all kinds of maize and arranging their secular concerns. people from all parts of China for such an activity of 'Few,' he adds with the true breadth of genius non-Christian origin without finding one. which converted the Baptist shoemaker into the Christian statesman and scholar, 'who are ex- The other illustration is from a home administensively acquainted with human life, will esteem trator, Jeremiah Evarts, Secretary of the Amerthese cares either unworthy of religion or incon- ican Board. In his "Address to the Christian Pubgruous with its highest enjoyments.''' He pro- lic," issued in 1812 he declares: tested against the narrowness of supporters of the work in America who had given money for It is now generally seen and felt, by those who have theological teaching which was not to be used any claim to be considered as proper judges, that for teaching science. "I never heard anything Christianity is the only remedy for the disorders and more illiberal. Pray, can youth be trained up for miseries of this world, as well as the only foundation the Christian ministry without science? Do you of hope for the world to come. No other agent will in America train up youths for it without any ever control the violent passions of men, and without knowledge of science?" the true religion all attempts to meliorate the condi- tion of mankind will prove as illusory as a feverish Carey began the great movements for the care dream. The genuine patriot, therefore, and the genuof the leper, for the abolition of widow burning ine philanthropist must labor, so far as they value the and infanticide, and for the abatement of other prosperity of their country and the happiness of the moral evils which "he opposed all his life with human race, to diffuse the knowledge and the influence a practicable reasonableness till he saw the pub- of Christianity at home and abroad. Thus will they lic opinion he had done so much to create tri- labor most effectually to put a final period to oppresumph. He knew the people of India, their re- sion and slavery, to per1idy and war, and to all the ligious, social, and economic condition as no trains of evils which falsehood, ambition and cruelty Englishman before him had done. He stood be- have so profusely scattered through the world. tween them and their foreign Government at the beginning of our intimate contact with all classes Some of the contrasts and judgments of the as detailed administrators and rulers." Carey's Report would have been modified and given a difbiography is one long record of ceasless fidelity ferent tone and proportion if those who made to his central, individual, spiritual aim at the them had been thinking of the missionary entersame time that he served society with more power prise with the kind of saturation in its organic and vigor, pouring out of this one man, than can character and tradition without which they would be found in some whole present-day governments. hesitate to be so positive in the sphere of busi- And yet the Appraisal Report says, "earlier mis- ness or medicine or education or philosophy. The sionaries were quite ignorant of social programs," Report does not realize that the whole missionary etc. (p. 245), and "nowhere in these countries effort is human and natural and that a missionary have missions made any notable or significant lives as a neighbor and friend among the people contribution to the solution of social and eco- and brings his message through normal human nomic problems nor promoted a program for relationships. their amelioration except in local situations" (p. 250). A deeper background and a more organic feel- ing and a richer and more real human apprehen- Contrast this with F. W. Stevens' testimony sion would have resulted in a more evolutionary regarding China. Mr. Stevens was on the faculty approach to the problems of the Report. The Reof the law school of the University of Michigan. port has been called "revolutionary." That is He went to China as the American representative hardly.true except with regard to its great basic of the Banker's Consortium, with no knowledge proposal, which the Report itself declares· must of and no special sympathy with the missionary supplant the old basis. Apart from that, the movement. He said in a public address in Peking: recommendations are not so novel or radical, but they are presented with what the Report itself I have come to believe that America's greatest con- declares to be a wrong psychology. Instead of tribution to China, greater even than American politi- building them into, the Report would build them cal friendship is the work of the American Christian instead of, what is. It would get rid of the people missionaries in China. This statement may indicate who alone are doing the work and would replace the importance I attach to the need of moral regenera- them with others of a different type and motive, tion which must precede any great political and in- on the bold assumption (which is untested and, dustrial improvement. In all China there is not a we believe, unfounded) that the others will be single organization on a scale of importance that aims available, and that the present ones who are to be at moral improvement or that is calculated to bring it relieved as unsatisfactory will await their supe- rior successors and then retire. It handles a great organic movement as though it were a piece of

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

administrative mechanism, with inadequate imag- anywhere. They have supported and served the inative realization of human reactions. A richer Red Cross. They have been cooperators and "feel" for life and reality would have given a dif- often the chief administrators in famine relief.

ferent cast and tone to the Report. But the Commission's Report insists that the only A Lack of Comprehensiveness kind of missionary work that is entitled to sup- port is work according to the Commission's "own 2. The Report, as so often happens, while dis- type of thought and practice" !

approving exclusivism and partisanship is itself, The seriousness of the counsel sent out in the re- it is to be feared, exclusive and partisan. At the leases, and not really modified in the final Report, outset it deprecates "promoting one's own type of cannot be exaggerated. The public has been ad- thought and practice," (p. 4) and later it speaks vised that mission work is not entitled to con- sharply of the "trail of self-interest within the tinued support in its present form and on its pres- organization" which "lies like a sinister shadow ent basis. Even if this work were to be discon- over many phases of mission work." "Sinister tinued and replaced by work on the basis and of shadow" was "serpent" in the original and in the the form advocated by the Commission, the change releases, but has been softened in the printed should be gradual and evolutionary. But the Re- Report. And yet the Report itself is not less port sweeps off the board all that now is, "these positive and self-assertive. missions as a whole." Of course, the Commission At the beginning it declares that while much intended nothing of the sort. It later names spe- mission work excites no feeling of approval, there cific enterprises deserving larger support. Its are still "beginnings of good work which it would members wish the work to accept the changes they be a pity not to continue and develop," "arousing propose, and then to go on. But they have used in the observer a perpetual wish for more funds language, printed in heavy type and underlined so that it might be done better." These are (the only passage so underlined) in the releases, cautious words, "beginnings of good work," "be which means nothing less than advising the dis- done better." The members of the Commission continuance of further support of the existing in reality feel a far warmer glow than this and foreign mission work. This is not breadth and when they speak, speak with an enthusiasm inclusion.

which is too much repressed in the Appraisal. Must the Whole Report Be Accepted? The Report goes on to say that of this good work which is beginning but might be done better, as 3. The text of the Report makes the grave is undoubtedly true of all the good work of the error, which we must all seek to correct, of requir- world, "there is enough to bankrupt Christen- ing that all shall be taken or none. This is unwise dom." Then the Report adds the significant tactics, and happily at the meeting on November words: 18 it was made clear by the Commission that it There is in this fact, however, no ground for a did not wish the Report to be considered as a renewed appeal for the support, much less for the en- closed unity which the Boards and Missions need largement, .of these missions as a whole in their pres- not consider at all unless they were prepared to ent form and on their present basis. This Commission accept it in its entirety. But if we were to be makes no such appeal. In our judgment, there is not bound by the character of the Report we could not alone room for change, there is necessity for change, deal with it thus. It declares that the work must in respects which our report will indicate; and the be changed in the respects which the Report indieffecting of such change should be the condition for cates and that "the effecting of such change should every further ,enlargement of the enterprise (p. 5). be the condition for any further enlargement of The words;"as a whole" have been added to the the enterprise." Repeatedly in the book the spe- original Report and to the releases, but they cific recomn;t€ndations made are bound to the pro- change nothing. The statement was plainly made 'i>osals for a' change in the theological basis and and is now made permanent, that there is no room the establishment of a centralized administration for any missionary work except that which will (pp. 5, 152, 163, 279, 310, 312, 315, 321, 329).

accept the basis and form recommended in the In commenting on the Educational Commission Report. There are also some severe references to China in 1915, of which Dr. Burton was chair- later to the independent and "faith missions" man, the Report states, in its insistence upon edu- which appear to imply that in the Commission's cational consolidation: "Here again the futility of judgment there is no room for them (p. 85 f.). recommending concentration, without conferring Is this the principle of tolerance and inclusion? upon some competent and disinterested person or The missionary agencies which rest on the evan- group of persons the actual authority to carry it gelical basis and hold the evangelistic aim have out, is painfully apparent" (p. 171). This state- never sought to exclude any forces which in hu- ment is not altogether clear. The Appraisal Re- man sympathy and good will would work for men port recommends concentration. But it says such

recommendation is futile unless the power to ef- involved and who will be stirred, as they have alfect it is actually conferred. Has the Commission ready been stirred, to know whether their Boards done this or can it do it? If not why is the recom- accept or reject the proposed basic philosophy of mendation of concentration made? It does not Missions and of Christianity. say that the recommendation of concentration should be accompanied by the recommendation of The Proposed New Basis of Missions the conferring of power, but that it must be accompanied by the actual conferring of power. What is this proposed basis? The Report itself indicates that is is fundamentally different from This is incidental, however. The essential point the old and that only work built on the new basis is that the Report is self-frustrating in its present can be approved. The Report names Jesus, with form. It ties all of its recommendations to two Buddha and Mohammed, as one of the great majer proposals, both of which, whatever we may founders of religion who have been teachers of think of them on their merits, and we shall come men; who have "spent themselves speaking to to that, are impossible. The Churches, with one their own people and have left behind them an imor two barely possible exceptions, will not accept pulse which has moved on steadily across boundthe proposed change in theological basis, and they ary after boundary" (pp. 6, 7). "Through Jesus, cannot accept the suggested overhead autonomous and through such wills as His, God works" (p. control, unless there should be some Boards which 58). It describes as the old view the idea that cannot go on and which might welcome such an "there was but one way, the way of Christ" (p. 8). opportunity to give up their work. It is unfortu- The business of missions is not to "transmit the nate that no one on the Commission brought it letter of doctrine" but to "fulfill the religious life into contact with these hard realities and coun- of the Orient" (p. 16). What Christians believe to selled it to say what it wished to say on these sub- be the authentic historic facts of the New Testajects in less imperative ways, and especially in ment appear to be regarded as the "symbolical ways that would make it easy and not difficult to and imaginative expression" of Christianity (pp. consider the recommendations, many of them 19, 52). We are to consider ourselves not as the sound, on other subjects. bearers of a definite message but as "brothers in a common quest" with the non-Christian religions The Theological Basis (p. 31). We are to find and "stand upon the com- mon ground of all religion" (p. 33), "to recognize It is time to turn to the two central issues of and associate" ourselves "with whatever kindred the Report, the recommendations regarding the elements there are in the non-Christian religions" basis and the administration of Missions. At first (p. 33). The new objective must take the place of sight it may seem incongruous that a Laymen's the old, which was "the conquest of the world by Missions Inquiry should deal first, and for nearly Christianity" (p. 35). The Christian Church must a third of its space, with the theological basis. not do what the early Church did, "aim at de- Indeed some of the laymen of the Inquiry have stroying or displacing the whole structure" of realized so little the importance and significance other religions (p. 40). The only mention of the of this section that they have been impatient to New Testament is in the strange sentence, "The hear it discussed and have not seen why it could final truth, whatever it may be, is the New Testanot be ignored, or accepted for what it is, and as ment of every existing faith" (p. 44). Christianfar as it goes, with the assurance that anyone can ity and the other religions must join in a common add as much more as ,he wants to at this point quest for truth and experience which are not offor himself. But on second thought any reflecting fered in any final and absolute way in Christianperson will understand that Dr. Hocking was en- ity. The missionary "will look forward not to the tirely right when h~ said that the religious and destruction of these religions but to their contheological basis is the primary and essential tinued co-existence with Christianity, each stimuthing. It is one of the great merits of the Report lating the other in growth toward the ultimate that it discerns and declares this, even though goal, unity in the completest truth" (p. 44). "It later chapters deprecate the very thing which would be difficult to point out anyone general these opening chapters enforce. And it is well principle (in Christianity) which could not surely that the new basis proposed should have been set be found nowhere else" (p. 49). "The relation beforth so clearly and competently by such high- tween religions must take increasingly hereafter minded and able scholars as Professor Hocking the form of a common search for truth" (p. 47). and Dr. Rufus Jones. The importance of the pro- And the aim of missions is defined thus, "To seek posals here made cannot be exaggerated and they with people of other lands a true knowledge and cannot be passed over. For anyone layman who love of God, expressing in life and word what we will not put his mind on them or who thinks them have learned through Jesus Christ and endeavorof minor importance, there will be ten laymen in ing to give effect to His spirit in the life of the our churches who will clearly understand what is

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

world" (p. 59). Note here, "religion" is dropped reality some members of the Commission hold the and "people" substituted, which is a very differ- second or third who do not hold the first. And the ent idea. Report is written in terms of the second and the Some Serious Omissions third and not at all of the first. In later passages There is much noble statement of some of the it is made plain that while many Christians beintellectual ideas of Christianity and there are lieve in Jesus as in a unique sense the "Son of frequent references to rich and abundant life and God" or the "Incarnation of God," and hold faith to the spirit of Christ, but it is made clear that in His Miracles and Resurrection, and that "into what is original is not the ideas that are found in the Person of Jesus, as the central symbol as well Christianity but the way in which they are com- as the central historic reality of this faith, Chrisbined (p. 49), that life is construed in humanistic tians are prone to compress its entire meaning" this-world terms, and that the spirit of Christ is (pp. 51, 56, 58), the Report desires "to use the not the Holy Spirit of the New Testament, who is privilege of laymen in avoiding as far as possible nowhere mentioned. And in general the theologi- the language of the unexplained symbol," and to cal basis is the basis of the old Protestant liberal- separate Christianity from the terms of the hisism which has been already superseded in Eu- toric Christian doctrine (p. 52). All these matrope by a deep evangelical wave. It is a basis ters are regarded as simply differences of conwhich passes over the ideas which give power both ception. "Beneath them are underlying agreeto evangelicalism and to the Roman Catholic faith. ments, belonging to the essence of Christianity" Nowhere is there any mention of prayer or of the (p. 56). "We need look forward to no time when supernatural forces of the Gospel. the authentic spirit of Christ, if freed from ham- pering organizational purposes, will be an unde- Christianity is conceived as the life and teach- sired visitor in any land. It can be recognized by ing of Jesus and as our thoughts of God and life non-Christians as well as by Christians, which is based on this life and teaching. The Report not one reason for suggesting that such representaonly does not commit itself to the position of the tives should be selected in part by invitation" (p. New Testament and of the faith of the Church 26,cf.John1:1l; 18:40; 19:6; Acts 16:22-24). with regard to the Deity of Christ and the mean- ing of His death and the great facts of the Incar- Christ and the N o'n-Christian Religions nation and the Resurrection, but it makes it clear that the Report is not based on this position. In Now this construction of Christianity and of the Foreword occurs this statement: its relation to non-Christian religions and this conception of Christ and His person, place and To some of our members the enduring motive of nature as a teacher and example and spirit, with Christian missions can only be adequately expres-sed no avowed acceptance of Christ as God or as Reas loyalty to Jesus Christ regarded as the perfect deemer or Saviour, and with no witness to the revelation of God and the only Way by which men meaning of His Death and the significance of His can teach a satisfying experience of Him. To others, Resurrection, are not possible for the Churches this motive would best be called the spirit of altruistic which hold still the great creeds, or even the service, the desire to share with all mankind the bene- fits and the ideals of a Christian community. To still ,Apostles' Creed, or which base themselves on the others, it would best be named the de-sire for a deeper New Testament. The unique meaning of Christ knowledge and love of God, seeking with men every- as the Son of God and the Divine Saviour is to where a more adequate fulfilment of the divine possi- them the very essence of Christianity. That was bilities of personal and social life. what Christianity was. Its simple confession was "Jesus, the Son of God, is Lord." It is so still. These views are not mutually exclusive: no one Christianity is not for us the life and teaching of statement is likely to exhaust the aim of a great Jesus only, or man's thought of God, or man's enterprise. In so far as the differences are those of search for God. For us Christ is still the Way language, some prefer the words which unite the pres- not a way, and there is no goal beyond Him or ent with the earlier language of the Christian world. Others desire to avoid the language of tradition, not as untrue, but perhaps as obscurely figurative or sym- apart from Him, nor any search for truth that is bolical, and for this reason an obstacle to the spon- to be found outside of Him, nor any final truth to taneous recognition of the majesty of that Figure to be sought by a universal religious quest except it whom men's thoughts return as by a natural instinct be sought in Him who is the Way, the Truth and of the heart (p. 14). the Life.

This statement, it has been frankly said, was Moreover Christianity is not what Jesus taught included to satisfy the members of the first group alone, it is what He did as Saviour, by His Life referred to who were not satisfied to concur in and Death and Resurrection. All this is not to us the Report otherwise. But the statement is in- obscurely figurative (p. XV) or "unexplained correct that "these views are not mutually exclu- symbol" (p. 52). It cannot be left out because the sive." The truth is they are not inclusive. In words which alone can explain or communicate it

have been often used. It is not to us a set of Lord. Recent experiments which might easily archaic ideas remote from real life, phraseology be cited are sufficient demonstration that some- unrelated to vital present-day experience, "the thing more than and different from the view of stiff and hardened phrases in which the living Christ and of Christianity represented here is es- faith of the Founder seemed to be stifled" (p. 83). sential to call forth the sacrifice and steadfastness The only truly authentic Christianity there ever without which no great unselfish and continuing was or ever will be is the Christianity that is both missionary work will be done. And back of all Jesus, the historic Son of Man and Son of God, is the witness of nineteen centuries of Christian and the Eternal Christ, the risen and ever-living history.

Master and Lord. The question of the right relations of Christi- The view of Christianity which the Churches anity to the non-Christian religions is too great believe to be true is that it is not a religion in the to be treated here. But long, long ago the theory sense of the non-Christian religions. It is not a and practice of Christian missions settled upon search of man for God. It is God's offer of Him- principles not comprehended in the Report. It re- self to men in Christ, who was not a fellow seeker veals no adequate first-hand knowledge of the with us after God, or a founder of a religion like real corporate attitude of the missionary move- Buddha or Mohammed, but "the fulness of the ment to the ethnic faiths. These principles can Godhead bodily." Our churches believe in Christ be briefly stated: Christianity should be pro- as a wholly unique Person. They include in their claimed in a simple positive message by words and view of Him and of Christianity all that the Re- deeds transfused with love. It should recognize port includes but a great deal more and they be- joyfully all the good in the non-Christian reli- lieve that the essential and important part is in gions and build upon it. It should not attack or this "great deal more." They believe that the deride the non-Christian religions, nor should it motive and power are not in man but in Christ slur over or ignore their points of difference from and that the view of human nature implied in the Christianity. It should make no compromises, Report, namely that it is capable in itself of con- but anticipate the absolute triumph of Christ as stant progress and improvement and of advancing acknowledged Lord and Saviour. It should wel- to the goal, is not a true view of human nature or come all transformations of the thought of non- in accord with the reality of human experience Christian peoples which bring it nearer to Chris- and the chastened conviction of mankind. tianity. It should perceive and hold fast the truth The comedy and the tragedy of life are both of its own uniqueness. It should .welcome any deeper, it seems to us, than the philosophy of the contribution to a fuller understanding of its own Report. This view of the Christian Church seems character. Everyone of these principles is old to us no more symbolical or imaginative than the and familiar in missionary policy.

conception of the Report of "life," "richer life," The Report accepts without adequate critical etc. These cannot mean simply better crops for examination the view presented at Jerusalem in farmers and more decent homes. They mean in- 1928 and inadequately examined there, namely, visible and spiritual values. The Church holds, that Christianity should make common cause and regarding the facts of Christian history and the partnership with non-Christian religions against conceptions of its Christology, that they are the secularism. There is a great deal more involved springs of reality and life, of all true and funda- here than appears and than can be discussed now, mental good here and hereafter, that they produce and I must be content simply to quote a striking the philanthropy and human service, and that statement by an able Methodist missionary in without them the ideals and energies of rich and India, the Rev. J. W. Pickett, at the meeting of abundant living thin out and die away. the Foreign Missions Conference of North Amer- It is a profound mistake to think that the re- ica in 1930: placement of this conception of Christianity and Of all the fine things that we have heard from the of Christ by the proposed view will vivify the mis- two speakers this morning, I am, I am sure, most sionary enterprise and supply it with new motive grateful for the declaration of Dr. William Adams and power. This is not the view of Christianity Brown that we must meet the challenge of humanism which is to command the youth of the world. in the same spirit of sympathy in which the Jerusalem Conference viewed the great ethnic religions. Out of It has already turned from it. Such ideas have India I have been compelled to feel very keenly that prevailed once and again since the end of the first many of the declarations that are being made with recentury, but the proposed reconstruction of Chris- gard to humanism and the whole wide range of secutianity has never launched and maintained a sin- larism have hardly been fair. There have been suggesgle mission. Individual missionaries may have such tions that it isencumbent upon the Christian forces to views but they and their work are borne along on unite with the forces of other religions to crush secuthe momentum of an unique collective faith in larism. The fact is that secularist forces, as I meet Jesus Christ as the One and sufficient and Divine them in India, are more akin to us in spirit and in

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

program than the forces of organized religion with of the Lord of utter Love and Truth. Is our which we are in contact there. Many of the very finest orthodox speech inseparably bound always to pure spirits of India have been driven into secularism by love and efficient help to human lives? Are our the abuses of religion, and I feel that it is wrong to words made flesh? Is our New Testament faith call the Christian forces to any alliance with those always transfused with the New Testament tenforces against which these fine spirits are in revolt, derness? Have we always before our eyes the in order to crush them. Lord of the smoking flax and the bruised reed? Can we who believe we hold the "sound doctrine" Call attention certainly to the dangers of that secu- in trust abide the test, "The tree shall be known laristic outlook, but let us not be unfair to those peo- by its fruits?" We must answer these question8 ple, as I feel and as I know that some others in India not to any critics or commissions but to our only are feeling, we have been unfair in some of our dec- Lord and Master. We should be thankful to this larations. Report or aught else that drives us back in hu- mility and trust to Him. More than that, let us not ally or seem to ally Christianity with the forces that have been guilty of oppres- An Impracticable Plan of Administration sion. I feel we can do nothing that will more definitely check Christian progress in India than to say to The other main proposal of the Report is that India or seem to say to India that Christianity is in the Mission Boards should continue as promoalliance with all religious forces, for India is awake tional agencies to gather funds but that the entire today to the evils that some of these religious forces administration of these funds should be in the have forced upon them. She is in revolt against them, hands of a centralized autonomous body on which and she will not think more highly of our Lord be~ there would be one or two representatives from cause we, His disciples, seek today, in our apprecia~ each assenting denomination, but which would be tion of the finer things of the ethnic religions, and in responsible to none of them nor to all of them. our repentance, shall I say, of the older attitudes that This is not a possible idea. we have taken towards those religions, to ally ourselves with them now." (1) It assumes that the donors would continue to give to such an agency operating on the motive In the matter of the truth which Christianity and methods of this Report. They would not do has to learn from the non-Christian religions, the so. Donors feel that they are the trustees of only specification given is "meditation" which their own money and they will only give it when should be learned from Buddhism where, how- it is spent as they approve and determine. One ever, it is recognized that it is overdone (p. 45). of the Commissioners on November 19 declared But while we Christians do need more practice that donors had no right to act thus, that they of meditation, it is not a new conception to Chris- should give their money and let the overhead body, tianity. The Bible and Christian biography and which knows better than they do, spend it. There devotion are full of it. As a matter of fact, as is truth in this, but only within limits. Founda- Professor Pratt has pointed out, there is nothing tions and rich individuals are adamant in deterof good in any non-Christian religion which we mining the use and conditions of their gifts. Why do not already have in Christ. "The best that the is this right for them and wrong for the individ- East has to give we might have gained from our ual of modest means who has only a little to give? own Great Teacher if we only would." Another of the Commissioners argued that the right and only possible way to accomplish some We must not leave our statement of inability changes in the national churches was to coerce to abandon the old basis of missions, however, them with money pressure. It would seem that without a recognition of the questions which the the principle differs according to the foot which opening chapters of the Report suggest to our own the shoe pinches. But in any case it is obvious consciences. to anyone who knows the great mass of the giving constituency that the present donors would The Failure of Christians not allow their funds to be passed on to the new agency. This would be not because of denomina- The report says truly, "Everywhere Christi- tional narrowness, so frequently deprecated in anity is suffering from the poverty, the rigidity, the Report (pp. 69, 72, 85, 100, "the trivialities of the inertness of the conception which Christians denominationalism," p. 208) but because of unhave of its significance; everywhere Christians certainty as to the evangelical basis and evanare called upon to search the sources of their own gelistic purpose of the new body. faith" (p. 45). These are faithful and right words. And they turn our mind not to the non- (2) It is a mistake to think that in Christian Christian religions but to Christ. Are we really missions or anywhere else centralized monopoly apprehending Him and His power? Are we will- is a good thing. All life is cellular and it is far ing to let God in Christ work supernaturally in better to have freedom and experimentation and us today? Or is our Christianity only an idealistic ethic, on the one hand, or a dead opinion on the other? These are cutting questions which we ought to be forever asking ourselves as disciples

often individual failures than to trust everything If one saw a single navvy trying to remove a moun- to a group of such super-men as really have no tain, the desolation of the situation would be suffi- ciently appalling. Most of us have seen a man or two, ('xistpncp. Only the same kind of people would he or a hundr"d or t.wo~minfsters, missionaries, Chrisavailahle for this central hody as those who oper- tian laymen—at work upon the higher evolution of the ate great trusts and foundations and they have world; but it is when one sees them by the thousand shown themselves as prone to error and not more in every land, and in every tongue, and the mountain efficient than smaller and freer and more respon- honey-combed, and slowly crumbling on each of its sible groups. frowning sides, that the majesty of the missionary work fills and inspires the mind. (Smith's Life of (3) This scheme contemplates larger and per- manent control of foreign missions from the home Drummond, pp. 430-438.) base. We would move in the opposite direction Why could not the Report have sounded some and have the Church in each nation develop ulti- such heartening and ennobling notes as this? mately, though far away, into the sole represen- Its criticisms would have been all the more effectative of Christianity there, any further activities tive if borne on a tide of warm and appreciative of ours to be not foreign mission activities but and veracious recognition of what the foreign misservices of cooperation between the great Church- sionary, with all his shortcomings, really is and es of the East and the great Churches of the what his work, with all its deficiencies, has West. What the Report has to say, wisely, re- wrought in changing the world. This is very garding devolution and, not so wisely, of having different from the view that, in its present form the national Churches, as they are now, deter- and on its present basis, the work of foreign mismine the whole form and personnel of missionary sions is not justified in a renewed appeal for supwork, does not comport with the proposal of au- port (p. 5). thoritative and permanent American control in a centralized and irresponsible body. The Commission cannot have met personally more than a very small fraction of the mission- Before we come to the many valuable proposals aries in the Far East. Their judgment must rest of the Report regarding the various forms of on this small number, and yet the Report conforeign missionary work there are three other im- demns the "greater number" of missionaries as portant matters requiring comment. "unduly weak," who "seemed to us of limited out- What Kind of Missionaries look and capacity" (pp. 15, 16). But the Com- 1. The matter of missionary personnel. This mission did not see that "greater number." The is dealt with in two different places (pp. 15-18, standard of judgment as described on November 289-302). Here as in many other matters the 18th and 19th, in answer to questions, was a very Report balances statements favorable and unfa- high ideal standard, embodied in the words, "the vorable in a way that makes it possible to quote best or none." But no men and women with a the Report on either side of contradictory inter- sense of humor and any Christian humility will pretations of it. The newspapers and the public offer themselves for appointment under such an have had no hesitation, however, in understanding ideal. Some of the best missionaries in the world the net judgment of the Commission to be very would never have been appointed under such severe and unfavorable. Recognizing that there standards. The poor Apostles would have been are many people of only moderate ability and the disqualified from the start. "The best or none"

natural proportion of failures, it is nevertheless is an impossible slogan anywhere in life. The the common judgment of those who know the whole work of the world would stop under it. missionary personnel far more extensively than The best that can be had-yes-but no rule of either the Commission or the "fact-finding "perfection or nothing."

groups" that the judgment of the Commission is It was this judgment of the Report on person- not just. nel, next to the theological basis, which has Henry Drummond's ideal of true missionaries aroused most distress in our Churches. Literally, and their work was as high as the Commission's of course, the majority of the missionaries are and he said in 1890 in principle all that the Com- of limited outlook and capacity. So are the mi- mission says about quality, about specialists, nority. So are all other human beings. Surely about evolution VS. evangelism, as he puts it, the Commissioners do not know any mortal of about relations to existing truths, about "waste unlimited outlook and capacity. But the thou- and confusion," but he makes no such generaliza- sands of homes which have sent out their own tions as the Commission about the majority of children, and the Churches and colleges and uni- the missionaries as of "limited outlook and capac- versities which have sent out their best young ity," and his estimate of the quality of the people, and who know them well, have been deeply Churches is not that of the Commission, and his aggrieved at the sum total of the Commission's final opinion of the mission field as he saw it was: judgment. The sixty-one foreign missionaries

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

sent by the Presbyterian Board in 1932 were, with right fields than David Livingstone and Griffith three or four exceptions in the case of women who John? The former wanted to go to China and had specialized training, graduates of State Uni- the latter to Africa. The London Missionary So- versities and of recognized colleges, including ciety reversed their desires. Both they and the Yale, Princeton, Vassar, Columbia, Radcliffe, Bar- world have blessed God for that reversal. The nard and Johns Hopkins. Postgraduate work Report is far from saying the last word on the was taken in our best professional institutions, subject of specialists and the selection and loca- theological, medical and educational. We who tion of missionaries. Let us say again, however, know our missionaries one by one and over periods it is right in its emphasis on personnel. The real not of six weeks or three months, but ten, twenty, problem is here-at home and abroad, in the mis- forty years, are not willing to have them discred- sionary staff and in the officers and membership ited all over the world as they have been by the of missionary boards, and in Church and college releases and the Report. We know the hundreds and business, indeed, even in committees and com- whom the Commissioners and the fact finders missions. Where is the Apostle Paul among us, never saw, many of whom are lost in the life of or Patrick or Columba or Boniface, or Raymond the people whom they serve like that missionary Lull, or Francis of Assisi? Where is the "faith in Japan of whom a Japanese was asked as he that rebels"? Who will break through all our passed on the street, "Who is that foreigner?" present conventions of method and process? Who The Japanese replied that he did not see any will kindle again the ancient fires? Let these· foreigner. "Why, yes, there he is." "Oh," was burn again and consume what they will.

the answer, "that is not a foreigner, that's Dr. Criticism of the Churches of Asia Norman." We know the failures and the misfits too and our ever-present problem is how to deal 2. The place of the Church. The Report thinks with them in the wise and Christian way. Alas, a the missionaries of the past were wrong in their full proportion of these failures and misfits are conceptions both of the place of the Church and among those who pass the highest tests and most as to the method of establis.hing it. They should nearly conform to the standards of the Report. not have tried to detach people from the old re- The Report does not solve the problem of how to ligions or their old social and religious rootage get the best men and women, the really best, or and environment but should have lived among of how to find specialists who are true mission- them as community servants, waiting until the aries as well. These problems are beyond our people themselves asked about their religious con- human solving. ceptions and wished to constitute themselves into The charges of narrow denominational self-in- a church integrally related to their own religious terest are surely overdone. The almost unbe- and social past (pp. 83, 101).

lievable "trail of the serpent" expression may well This is an idyllic conception. It passes lightly be forgotten. But it is not true that the Boards as the whole Report does, over the moral and are ever demanding statistical demonstrations of spiritual inertia of mankind, the dead resistance success, that they stand in the way of cooperation which the early missionaries met, the actual, ter- and unity, that all of them expect denominational rible facts of religion in these lands a century and churches to be built (pp. 85, 109, 110), that the more ago, and even today, and the "sin and indif- whole work is darkened by the "sinister shadow" ference" which, as one of the leading educators of "self-interest within the organization," (p. 17). of India remarked, are the basic facts which have Some of our Boards and Missions at least cannot to be dealt with everywhere. But of sin or moral recognize themselves in this picture. They know resistance the Report says next to nothing. The that it is not a true picture. Report sees the problem too much in terms of a This emphasis of the Report on personnel is small section of the people of Asia, the upper right. This is the central thing and all that can crust already permeated with Christian thoughts be done to raise the level of efficiency and power as a result of the old type and basis of mission- ought to be done, including better training, wiser ary work, no longer worthy of support! And it selection, larger freedom. It is a mistake to sup- has drawn its judgments too much, one fears, pose, as the Report does, that Mission Boards from conferences with non-Christian or ex-Chris- are foes of freedom, and that they impose checks tian leaders in the Far East.

and thwarts. With the rarest exceptions mis- The national and local churches which have sionaries are sent to the field of their choice and been established, with all their deficiencies, de- never to any field without their happy assent. serve a warmer judgment than the Report pre- The Report cites Morrison and Grenfell as having sents. One's thought goes out to them and to the chosen their own fields and demonstrated thus the missions in their hard struggle against such ter- desirability of such unhindered chc;>ice. Well, rific odds, as they read the Commission's discour- were ever men more unmistakably Rent to the aging eRtirnate of th~rn. What would su~h n

Commission in Paul's day have said of his little "a sectarian view" or with "the inherited divisions churches? We know what it would have said of of the Church," which do not "express the living the churches at the end of the second century, for theological issues of the present" (p. 69). It it was said pretty effectually by Celsus, who also appeals for an "Eternal Gospel" emancipated thought that it did not matter by what name God from "unalterable dogmas" (p. 83). "The standwas called among the various nations, that the ard preaching is far too doctrinal and is a comissue between Judaism and Christianity was un- plicated system of ideas instead of being a important, and that we should seek a general thrilling way of life" (p. 89). "The message has human consensus of unity in truth, "the identi- been doctrine-centered" (p. 94), "built around ties among the religions" (pp. 32, 46). These theological conceptions," "with complicated abpoor little churches of Asia are nevertheless the stract doctrines," "stereotyped patterns of docreal cells of life, however feeble and faltering. trine and static phrases which have gone dead" It is not biologically possible to establish Chris- (p. 95). Theological differences ought to sink tianity in Asia by disembodied fellowships. It into insignificance (p. 105). They are not almust come in concrete personalities, who will lowed to do so however, if a definite theological come the whole way to Christ without apology or view is urged as the only proper basis of missions self-defense, and in small groups who will pay and a central administration proposed to apply the price of clear Christian discipleship. The "the new conception of this scope and aim" (p. idea of the Report that Christianity should enter 321). Asia only as an invited guest and in the ways prescribed by Asia (it is not clear always whether The references to oral evangelism are almost in this the Report means by the Church or by the without exception derogatory (pp. 64 f, 74, 99). non-Christian religions or by the people generally) is not historically valid. Were the martyrs all And it is repeatedly urged that human service foolish suicides, who ought to have stayed away without any words at all is better evangelism. or conformed? And if it is the Church that is to decide the matter it will have to be a maturer Medical missions are declared to "represent in church than the Commission has found. If it did themselves the essentials of the Christian enterfind a Church equal to these responsibilities then prise" and their use and the use of education for it does not describe it justly in the Report. "ulterior ends," i. e., the winning of men to Christ, is challenged, (p. 199). The five aims of medical The Report is right in its insistence that the Church is too often thought of as an end and that missions which are given make no mention either the Church too often thinks this of itself and of evangelism or of Christianity or of Christ claims as a matter of right the continued support (p. 200). The work cannot be done by "evanof the Church in America. The Church with its gelization which begins and ends with preaching" sacraments, which are never mentioned, and as (p. 74) . No such disqualification is proposed with the living body of Christ, not a mere voluntary regard to medical and educational work. It is human association, is not adequately conceived by not said that "the work cannot be done by medical the Report. It is more of an end than stated in work which begins and ends with healing." Just Chapter IV, but both missions and Churches will the opposite is said. And it is held that philando well to take to heart the admonition of the thropies, hospitals and schools, which are not Report and conceive the Church more fully as an burdened with evangelistic purpose but are left to instrument for evangelization and for human render service with no "ulterior end," are welservice. comed and will be welcomed even when evangelis- tic propaganda is not and will not be (pp. 26, 70). The Place of Evangelism in Missions The contrary fact is that in some countries mis- sionary doctors and schools are not allowed at all 3. The third matter is evangelism. There is or are allowed only with increasing limitations, one clear and satisfactory statement on evangel- no matter how secular they become, while the ism: "The main contribution of the Mission has evangelist whose "authentic spirit of Christ" is been not in devising· new social programs but in stilI tied to the "hampering organizational purforming the men who do the devising. Nothing pose" of establishing a church of confessed Christherefore can displace or minimize the influence tian believers is allowed to go on with his work. of a true and well-qualified evangelism" (p. 64). And it is clearly declared "that the time has come to set the educational and other philanthropic But the Report proceeds to disapprove the em- aspects of mission work free from organized rephasis on "giving messages in words," and on the sponsibility to the work of conscious and direct doctrinal formulation of the message (pp. 64, 65). evangelism" (p. 326). This is the very opposite It continually identifies the spoken message with of the view taken in practically all of our present missions. The Lakeville Conference of the Pres- byterian Board with representatives of all itR

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

missions and national leaders in June, 1931, unan- the Report named a few of these recommenda- imously declared: tions "which taken apart from its (i. e., the Re- We believe that the Gospel is to be proclaimed and port's) theological basis, it believes to be sound, Jesus Christ to be made known, not by word or deed which represent policies and judgments which the but by word and deed; that preaching Christ and liv- Board believes to be right, and which it has sought ing Christ are not to be dissociated; that truth and and will continue to seek to carry out in the work life go together and that this union is to be effected under its care." Among these were mentioned: not by having some missionaries who only preach and other missionaries who only heal or teach but by hav- (1) The recognition in the Report of the large coning all missionaries communicate the Gospel by both tribution of foreign missions to goodwill and human deed and word. service and human unity.

(2) Its emphasis upon the need of the ablest and There is just warning here against both ex- most devoted men and women as missionaries, ·of the tremes, a merely verbal approach and presenta- intelligent understanding of the conditions of thought and life in each land and of the spirit of genuine tion which reduces the Gospel to dao-li, or mere friendship and community interest. doctrine, as has been done too often on the one hand, or mere physical or social activity, (3) Its discernment of the special importance and deeds divorced from,meaning and inward purpose beneficent influence of the work done by missionary on the other. "The Word made flesh" is the di- women. vine method, neither the Word unincarnated nor the flesh without the Word in it and through it. (4) Its insistence on the principle of self-support and genuine independence in the indigenous churches. The Report shares the view of Mr. Gandhi and (5) Its appeal for a higher type of representatives of American trade who will sympathize and cooperate Mr. C. F. Andrews against the use of philanthrop- with the missionary movement.

ic and educational and social agencies for evangel- (6) Its call for the largest possible measures of co- istic ends. But the problem will not be escaped operation and unity among all the Christian forces by emancipating these agencies from the evan- engaged in the work of foreign missions. gelistic purpose, if, as a matter of fact, they have the effect of interesting men in Christ and draw- (7) Its insistence on the desirability of reality in ing them to Him. At a recent meeting of Jewish the transfer of authority to the indigenous agencies rabbis and Christian leaders, the rabbis made it in plans of devolution. clear that they objected most to anything concealed and surreptitious. It would not to do euphe- (8) Its emphasis on the vast preponderance of rural population and the need of effort directed toward them.

(9) Its call for better religious teaching in all schools.

mize social activities under such phrases as "in (10) Its discernment of the duty of Christian mis- the spirit of Christ," or "in the name of a disciple" sions toward the great masses of men dissatisfied with (p. 214). Either they must be absolutely secu- their old religions. larly philanthropic or else openly and avowedly (11) Its insistence on the best quality of service evangelistic or else, the rabbis held, they are deceitful. It is certain that the non-Christian re- that is possible in every form of work which is done ligions will take the same view, as John Lawrence in the Christian name. and Herbert Edwardes pointed out long ago. And it is beyond doubt as to what the view of our (12) Its constant emphasis on the need of the ap- plication of Christianity to human life and relation- ships, etc., etc.

Christian Churches in America is. They are not It would be a great satisfaction to have space supporting schools and hospitals as philanthro- to go through the seven chapters on the different pies only. They are supporting them because they aspects of mission work and deal with their probelieve that when rightly conducted they make posals one by one. There are few of these that Jesus Christ, the living source of all philanthro- are new. Indeed the Commission stated on N0pies that abide, known not by deed only but also vember 18 and 19 that almost every recommenda- tion was based on some good piece of work which by word. they had seen. Some, it is true, are as idealistic Some Excellent Recommendations· as it would be to advise the consolidation of the It is a relief to turn from these somewhat crit- ten or a dozen theological seminaries in and be- ical comments, which the use of the Commission's tween New York and Boston; or to propose the own standards of objective scrutiny requires, to establishment of a single Board to coordinate and some of the many excellent recommendations of unify the thirty-eight colleges and universities the Report. I have read the Report three times of New England with their vast endowments and and marked scores of paragraphs With which one their immens~ duplication and overlapping; or to is in hearty accord. (The concrete recommenda- employ someone to prepare a completely satisfac- tions of the Report are found on pp. 114, 134, 143, tory and convincing-"the best or none"-apolo- 161 f, 177 ff, 192, 212, 249, 284, 313-321.) The getic for Christianity for use among our Amer- action of the Presbyterian Board with regard to ican students; or to require of the churches on

Fifth Avenue in New York City that they should the native ministry; in advising caution with rereform the city government. But idealistic pro- gard to the plans for a Christian University in posals are good things and it will be good for Japan and a new Christian Medical School of unimissions to be stung by the criticisms of the Re- versity grade in India; in urging the remolding port into asking whether old errors cannot be of school curricula and adapting mission schools, escaped and whether things that have seemed im- and especially theological seminaries, far more efpossible heretofore cannot be accomplished. fectively to actual social and economic conditions and to the direct service of the Church and the Self-support and Consolidation community. I think it is an error to set in opposi- tion here, things that ought to be combined. The We welcome the strong emphasis of the Report Report speaks of the danger "of subordinating on self-support in the native Churches. Its dec- the educational to the religious objective." There larations will help many missions to press this is such a danger. There is also the opposite danwith new earnestness and also to enforce the ger. No more schools should be conducted than right rule recommended and which the Lakeville the number in which both dangers are averted. Conference had already adopted, that men em- And life and words ought not to be set in conployed by Church and mission funds should not trast. Things are too often presented as conflictbe upon the boards which employ them and fix ing which should be combined as complementary. their own salaries. This will militate in some cases against other recommendations of the Re- Better Literature and Medical Work port such as native control of colleges, but it is a right rule. Missionary administrators have The Report is right in its emphasis on the need pressed this matter of self-support upon the of more effective and adequate Christian litera- Churches of India and China for years and have ture. But it is one thing to recognize the existmade themselves very unpopular with the na- ence of this problem and another thing to solve tionals in doing it. Both in China and in India it, or it would have been solved long ago, and it the idea has been maintained of the Church as a may be doubted whether it is to be solved by the "universal fellowship," not wholly unlike the idea assumption of responsibility by the Missions even urged in the Report, into whose treasury the acting through local or national boards with full richer Churches of the West would pay the funds authority committed to them. The matter is not to be drawn by the poorer Churches of the East. primarily one of organization or of finance. It is It will be a help to have the Commission's reen- one of indigenous Christian literary genius. One forcement of the sound policy of the Korean and Kagawa is worth an organization, and his output Karen Missions and of the late Dr. Nevius. There supports and distributes itself. In no count:r:y in are, moreover, valid outreachings of this policy the world can this need be met by ecclesiastical into other aspects of missionary work, which the or administrative machinery. The Churches in Commission has either not discerned or has America learned that lesson long ago. It must passed over. It is applicable also to some of the wait for the right persons and when they arrive very activities which the Report anticipates as a everything else will be easy. This is not to say permanent charge upon the West (p. 28). that a great deal more could not be done by the Christian Literature Societies than, with all their The section on education is right in urging the good work, they have yet done. It can, and they consolidation of schools and the maintenance of ought to be supported with the resources of men schools of a better quality; in supporting the and women and money they need, for the work principle of intension against extension, a prin- the field needs, which mayor may not be identical ciple for which some of us have pled for years always with what it wants. Did Italy express a and in vain, against the pressure of the men and desire for the Epistle to the Romans or Mohamwomen who were doing the actual work; in ad- medans for Pfander's "Balance of Truth" or vising either that grants-in-aid should be given India for Goreh's "Shaddarshana Darpana," or up or that the question should be held an open any of these lands for the Bible itself until it was question; in demanding a far better quality of offered to them? religious and Bible teaching in all schools, though the method proposed for achieving this is not The Commission contained two able doctors, practicable and experiments that have been made one of whom had himself been a medical missionand the better methods under way are not men- ary in China. Both are now deans of large state tioned; in urging the developing· of Christian medical schools in Iowa and Indiana. They testify teachers, although the Report does not tell how that, with all drawbacks, mission hospitals "hold it is to be done and makes no contribution to the a high place usually in the esteem of the people solution of the salary problem in the case of na- whom they serve and in spite of the overshadowtive teachers demanding so much more than the ing excellence of a very few private and governscale of support in the general community or in mental institutions, still represent in general the

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

best demonstrations of professional skill and hu- one of the greatest life insurance societies 16 per man sympathy for the ailing poor of China" (p. cent, one of the greatest university faculties 10 198). The impressions of the "clinical work of per cent, an important steel industry 30 to 100 American missions" (no suggestion here of limi- per cent, and in the dry goods organizations gen- tation to the seven denominations with members erally 25 to 100 per cent. I submitted the facts on the Inquiry) "in the Orient was in general to one of the best actuaries in the country and he one of disappointment." On the principle of "the replied: best or none," most of it would have to cease. If, A leaving rate of less than 4% per annum is amazhowever, the beneficiaries were asked their view ingly good, standing by itself. When it is remembered and their desires were followed, in most cases that a very large proportion of your staff consists of what is offered would be pled for, as immeas- married ptrsons and that in the case of such you have urably better than what alone they would have two resignations where you would otherwise have only in its place. And as a matter of fact missionary one, it will be seen that the above figure, small as it is, medical work is very seldom duplicative. Native is really inflated. I have no doubt that a study of the cause of resignation would be reassuring. doctors, qualified according to modern standards, I find from the data which you sent me last Decemwill not go into the rural districts or small places, and the Missions in India, for example, must do ber that the average term of service of those who the best they can for the 85% of the population resigned was a little over 10 years for both men and in villages with only 15% of the available medi- women combined. For men alone it was a little over cal service of the land. The Report in this sec- 11 yeals, and for women alone it was a little under ten years. Without having any definite information, I tion sets forth the view that "medicine has a place have an idea that these figures will compare favorably of its own in the Christian program and that its with the average pastorate in this country, without worth and dignity are lowered by making it sub- making any allowance for the difficulty which churche·s serve directly ends of the Mission or Church" (p. sometimes experience in getting rid of the failures 206). that sometimes occur.

The Report proceeds to speak, as the later sec- I am afraid that the member of your board who extion on personnel does, of the "excessive turnover pressed amazement at your turnover is not cognizant of missionary physicians" (pp. 206, 207). This of what is occurring in business offices gtnerally. The and difficulties in recruiting are attributed to the facts are a wonderful tribute to your organization. alleged fact that most young candidates "are more interested in a broad social gospel than in Church It may be added that the turnover is greatest doctrines" (p. 206). This is familiar language among specialists, of whom the Report advises the Boards to appoint a larger number.

throughout the Report, although the "Church Importance of Rural and Industrial Work doctrines" referred to are nowhere mentioned.

Do they include the Deity of Christ, the life eter- The Report is right in its emphasis on the im- nal that is salvation in and through Him, the fact portance of the rural and vill;:tge areas, represent- and meaning of Christ's Death and Resurrec- ing so large a majority of the Oriental popula- tion? The nearest answer to this view is that tions. Christianity at the outset under Paul went many of our Boards have more candidates who straight for the cities and the large majority of believe in these "Church doctrines" than they can missionaries today are in the cities. It is desir- send or could send even before their funds were able that, in spite of the Commission's counsel reduced, and that the turnover is least among of concentration rather than diffusion, they those who believe these doctrines most firmly. should be more scattered. The national Churches Furthermore the representation of the Report think so too, preferring that the foreign mission- with regard to turnover is not well founded. It ary should do the lonely and pioneering work, is stated as a generalization without exception. and leave the cities and the established work to But in the Presbyterian Board the facts regarding nationals, which is right even though it is some- doctors are that this Board has 94 men medical times selfishly urged. In dealing with these as- missionaries, of whom 9 have served more than pects of the Report the Commission seems not to 30 years each; 38, more than 15 years; 50, more have recognized or used adequately the work done than 10. Of the 101 men medical missionaries by Dr. Kenyon L. Butterfield, Dr. Reisner, Mr.

sent out in the last 25 years, 73 are still on the William Wiser and Mr. Goheen of India, who is field. doing precisely what the Commission urges, with- Taking the entire staff of this one Board, out- out, however, abandoning his evangelistic aim, as side of deaths, the annual total losses from resig- the invited adviser of the chief of the native state nation and withdrawal, which are largely for of Ichalkaranji, and that English Socrates, Mr.

health reasons, are less than four per cent of the Brayne, and many others who are not "ama- missionary staff. By way of comparison, one of teurs." The Report has not used the recent Mass the greatest New York banks reports 17 per cent, Movement Survey almost completed. That Sur-

vey will represent, one judges, a far more in- the one place where the Commission allows itself formed and sympathetic view of the Mass Move- to speak with "enthusiasm" (p. 265). Missionment and of the village church. Indeed one can ary women know well the weaknesses and inaderecognize without difficulty some of the influences quacies of their work, but we dare to say, with which shaped the attitude of the Commission to care and deliberation, that it is the best work bethe Mass Movement. In addition to the real ing done in the world today. Even poor Bible gravity of the problems of this Movement on one women deserve something better than the charhand, there is not lacking a trace of hesitancy in acterizations of the Report, and Christianity and the Church in India, on the other, which shrinks Christian missions deserve a far larger measure from the low caste load. of credit than is given, even here, for the change in the life and thought of women in India, China The section on "Missions and Industry" has and Japan. essayed a very difficult task, and if present day progressive economists prove to be unsatisfied Cooperation and Unity with it, it is not to be wondered at. The writers have sought to take a generous and objective The Report is right in its repeated emphasis view, even though thinking, as most laymen natu- on cooperation and unity, though woefully defirally do, within the limits of our economic tradi- cient in its lack of recognition of what has been tion. One heartily welcomes the summons which accomplished and of the human realities of the the chapter (whether too radical or as many problem. It stops short of organized Church think far too tame) gives to Christians, East and unity because of reasons which one cannot but West, to face the new issues without fear, and think are equally valid against centralized adto go forward. There are two comments which ministration. To some of us, they are more valid suggest themselves. against the latter than against the former. But short of both of these, there are great pos- First that we must beware of the danger of sibilities of further and larger cooperation, coeasing our conscience here at home over our utter ordination and consolidation in theological failure to solve these economic and industrial is- schools, in local and provincial and national edusues by charging the foreign missionary and the cational projects, and in much more. There are national Churches abroad with the burden of some in the foreign missions ranks who have them. The report makes this mistake more than been making this appeal for a whole generation, once by demanding of foreign missions what and longer. They are ready for every further none of the institutions or agencies or individuals step that can be taken, and they are ready on of either the Inquiry or the Commission or the principle, not because dearth of funds admon- Church at home has been able to do in America, ishes economy and cooperation. This is no with vastly greater resources and against vastly ground on which to rest the plea for unity, and smaller difficulties. If the Report's recommenda- happily the Report does not rest it here. If we tions are valid for India, why not, as one of our are to unite only because we are too poor to comreligious papers states, for Indiana? And Dr. pete, then we ought not to be trusted with more William P. Merrill of the Commission has de- money, lest we misuse it. We ought to work toclared just this point with most positive em- gether because it is the only right and Christian phasis. The responsibility for all these matters, course. he says, rests in a thousandfold greater measure on the Church at home. Transfer of Authority Second, that this section of the Report is solici- The Report is right in its insistence on reality tous that there should be room in foreign mis- in all plans of devolution (pp. 24, 143, 304-306, sions for the Socialist and the Communist. Why 328). When we transfer authority and funds we not even for the Fundamentalist? (p. 299). Sure- ought to do so honestly, and not give nominally ly the principles of religious liberty urged by the with one hand, what we hold back in fact with Commission ought to cover him too. And, in the other. There have been many true instances passing, one may raise the question of the place of devolution but they have done the least adverof parental duty or of those in loco parentis in tising. Is there not, however, a fundamental dethe matter of required religious teaching. Surely fect here in the proposals of the Commission? the Commission does not mean to question in the They contemplate a permanent, authoritative, name of religious liberty this right and duty (pp. overhead organization at home, to enforce its 140, 155, 163). will by money control. A far tighter financial and statistical control than at present is pro- Women's Interests posed. The missions and national Churches (as indicated on pages 310, 311 and in the Perhaps the most satisfactory single chapter, addresses on November 18 and 19, and in spite though not without qualifications, is the chapter of the disclaimer on page 322) are to be required on "Women's Interests and Activities." This is

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

to make financial and statistical reports, not as themselves. Will they put it into effect in the en- they determine, but as may be determined for terprises with which they are related? If the them. A meticulous and full accounting system General Electric Company, the Westinghouse is to be imposed such as the author of the paper Company, the Standard Oil Company, the United distributed with the Inquiry's endorsement on States Steel Company, the National City Bank, November 18 denounced as intolerable (pp. 310- the British-American Tobacco Company, and 312). The right policy is trust and freedom and others like them would do what the Commission true devolution, not the consolidation of all mis- recommends a new day for the Church and the sionary control in one great central foundation world would begin.

or administrative trust.

For Better Commercial Representatives The Peril of Divisiveness From among the many more sound and wise This review must be brought to an end alsuggestions, I will select but one, namely, the ap- though a score of additional reflections press on peal for a higher type of representatives of one. Of all these the central and gravest issue American trade, who will sympathize and cooper- must be faced. It is the dreadful peril of diviate with the missionary movement. The Report siveness with which this Report is charged. Into says: many missionary groups that had found without compromise a happy basis of cooperation, the Re- The Commission has observed with deep regret port has already driven a plowshare of division. that there -seems to be a great gulf fixed between most Its very principle of claim for the exclusive domi- European and American business men and the mis- nation of a changed basis and of a single centralsionaries, especially in the largest cities. Whatever ized administration is divisive (pp. 5, 318-324). may be the reasons, this is unfortunate for both. It would be a splendid thing for business men could they It has sown discontent among the denominations come to know better the missionaries and their fami- which were not involved in the Inquiry, but all lies and learn accurately about their problems and of whose work falls under the judgments of the their aims. It would also be a splendid thing for the Report. It has raised grave questions in the case missionaries if they could recruit business men not of the Canadian Churches and in the maintenance only as friends but also as trustees a-ssociated in the of the Committee of Reference and Counsel and control of hospitals and schools. The Commission saw of the Foreign Missions Conference of North many business men of high character in the Orient. America. It would be most helpful not only to the cause of reli- gion but to good relations generally with oriental peo- The Report, itself, moreover holds out the in- ple, if more American business firms would take pains timation that it may be necessary to launch some to send out as their representatives only men of the new agency: "We earnestly hope, however, that highest type. no measures will be adopted so timid and com- This statement is made only incidentally, but promising, so uncertain of meeting obvious needs, in reality there is not one recommendation in the as to necessitate the organization of new chan- Report that would work a vaster change for good nels outside of the established boards" (p. 323).

in the world if it were heeded. The greatest There are already rumors of such an organiza- single hindrance to missions has been the char- tion. What a tragedy it would be if a movement acter of part of the American non-missionary which earnestly and fervently seeks for larger representation on the foreign field. There have unity among the Churches should issue in a new been many noble exceptions, but the rule has been and rival organization either within or outside that too many non-missionary Americans not of the Churches! This would be a far worse de- only have not shared in the effort to make Christ velopment at home than the type of union of the known to the world, but have obstructed it by Churches on the field, which the Commission their example and their hostility. The right way visits with not altogether discerning criticism for a religion to spread is by the spontaneous (pp. 93, 318). If such a new agency is really efforts of its adherents. It was thus that Chris- contemplated, it is safe to predict (1) that it will tianity spread in the beginning, as Harnack has have to depend upon a few large givers who may pointed out, and not by professional missionaries. sympathize with its basis; (2) that it will not The whole missionary enterprise would be trans- command the support and gifts of the general formed in ten years if this recommendation were membership of the evangelical Churches; (3) heeded. And the great merit of this recommenda- that it will soon discover the inefficacy of the mo- tion is that the laymen can put it into effect at tives upon which it plans to rely for missionary once, without waiting for the delay of action on candidates; (4) that it will have a turnover far in the part of missionaries and missionary boards. excess of the turnover of the boards; (5) that it All the other recommendations are addressed to will have the weakness of the inadequate founda- others; this one recommendation is to the laymen tion upon which it would rest; (6) that it will

lack the sacrifice, the economy and the persistence possibility for missionaries grown up in the conditions of the evangelical dynamic. of Western civilization to act as wise advisers in these matters to nations whose history, conditions and men- Let one thing, however, be clear. The Churches tality are so radically different from ours. For, irreand their Boards would go on their way in fidelity spective of this, it may lead to fatal consequences for to the New Testament, the historic tradition of the preaching of the Gospel if it includes definite sothe Christian Church and their Divine Saviour, cial theories and forgets that these must necessarily but they would not say that any work done by vary from country to country and from generation to earnest men for the relief of human suffering and generation. The preaching of the Gospel must always the enlightenment of human minds and the en- center on the New Testament message of salvation for richment of human life was not justified in ap- sinners, and we must trust and believe that this mespealing for support from those who were satisfied sage will, among the various nations on the mission with the grounds of its appeal. fields, prove to be the salt that will gradually tMough the native chttrches purify and raise the social con- The Danger Field of International Relations ditions.

But the most serious divisive danger in the Again agreements were reached and assurances Report is in the field of international relation- were given by the American delegates at Herrn- ships. At the Jerusalem Council the Continental hut which satisfied the Scandinavian and other Churches expressed their fear of what seemed to European members. The Council adopted a state- them to be the domination of American missions ment containing these paragraphs: by a humanistic activism and an intellectual and We have considered afresh what is central in our religious syncretism. They made their own posi- missionary work and where the chief emphasis should tion unmistakably clear and in the end were sat- be laid. We are convinced that our missionary task isfied. Since then, various things have reawak- is to proclaim in word and life God's revelation and re- ened their alarm, one of them being the Survey demption in Jesus Christ.

Report of the foreign work of the Y. M. C. A. If we have anything to bring in the name of God to and the Y. W. C. A., and there was fear that at a world in need, it is certainly not our own piety, our the meeting of the International Missionary own way of life, our own modes of thought or our own human help. What the Church has to give in its world Council in Herrnhut in the summer· of 1932 the mission is the good news of a Divine act in history, European delegates would feel obliged to with- of the Word made flesh. Apart from this there is no draw from the Council. A Memorial was pre- Christian mission. In face of the powerful antisented from the Northern Europe Missionary Christian forces operating in the world today we Council which declared: reaffirm our faith that the revelation of God in Christ Faithful alike to the character of the Northern is the only way of deliverance for mankind, and that Churches in their development up till the present day it alone can provide the foundation for an order of and to the evolution which has taken place in theologi- society that will be according to the will of God.

cal thinking and practical church life on the Continent We need continually to ask ourselves whether every- during the last decade, we feel under obligation to thing contained in the present missionary activity declare that the views on foreign missions prevalent serves the one dominant purpose of making clear the in the Northern Countries are on several points at Message of Jesus Christ in all its fulness.

variance with the tendencies which seem to receive We have no other task; for while there is much that increasing support on the part of the International is useful and good, "one. thing is needful." Yet, while Missionary Council, and which have been especially the task is one, the forms in which it has to be ful- emphasized in the resolutions of the Williamstown filled are many. A living faith must show its effects meeting. and fruits in every department of human life. We Since we are firmly convinced that the preaching of must not shrink from an uncompromising protest the Gospel is the essential task of missions and must against all that is un-Christian in modern thought and always remain so, we cannot help feeling anxious at life.

the growing tendency of making programs for the For the tasks before us we are wholly insufficient. solution of rural, social and industrial problems in the We take again on our lips the ancient prayer of the various mission fields. Naturally we do not object to Church: discussing these important problems from the point of view of missions. But if this is done beyond a certain Come Holy Ghost our souls inspire measure there is a real danger of diverting the mis- And lighten with celestial fire.

sionary zeal from its central objective to ·such social problems as will naturally present themselves when The situation throughout the world which consti- Christianity has had a long period of development in tutes the background of all the deliberations of the a nation, but which in no wise need be put in the fore- Committee is an urgent call to a bolder and more con- ground at the time of laying the foundation of a Chris- vincing presentation of the Christian message. The tian Church in a nation. world is in desperate need of regeneration. Chris- We do not in this connection lay stress upon the tianity calls men to a complete conversion of the mind strong doubts which may be entertained a·s to the and a radically new life. Our evangelistic task is so

AN APPRAISAL OF THE APPRAISAL

to present Christ to men that they will be confronted site error of failing to discern and to declare its with the necessity of a real decision. We desire to definite intellectual content? Are we adequately call the churches and missions to immediate coopera- expressing the Christian Gospel in terms of hution in a more earnest evangelistic endeavor. man service, and ministering to conscious physi- cal and social need? Or are we thinning it out Our aim is the personal conversion of men to a new to be only a message of material interests amid life in Christ, to complete surrender to God, and to the transitoriness of visible things? Are we new relations of love with their fellowmen. From a fully, truly, persuasively making Christ known, true conversion of heart and mind there must follow both His name and His power? a new discernment .f ways of living that are in accordance with the mind of Christ, and a new determi- Fourth, the individual members of the Comnation to wage war on the evils of society and to mission, now dissolved, should review their judgredress the wrongs of the world. ments in the light of a longer perspective and against the ever pressing question: Are our What will the European Churches and their churches, schools and hospitals going to do in our missionary boards have to say now, when they own work here at home the things we have joined read this Report? Let them be assured that the in admonishing the missionaries to do? American Churches hold the same faith with them and let us pray that by the miracle of God Fifth, the laymen of the Inquiry should study the unity of our world-fellowship may not be the Report with thorough-going intellectual apbroken. plication, and determine what measure of re- sponsibility they bear for it and what their view Our Present Duty of Christ is; and the laymen of the country, in whose name a small company of their number Now, lastly, what is our present duty in this have unselfishly and devotedly projected and cargrave matter? ried through this Inquiry, should study this whole matter with penetrating care and ask themselves First, we must all work together in faith and what duty they have to perform which they have trust to get all the good and as little as possible not fulfilled to the missionary cause. of evil out of this situation. We must strive to keep unimpaired all that we have gained in the Lastly, every missionary board should settle cooperation and unity of the Church and the mis- itself anew on the Rock that is Christ, the one sionary enterprise. and only basis and foundation, never to be altered, the true motive and message and aim, Second, all missionaries should study this Re- and standing there, consider this criticism and port and ask themselves whether, apart from its appraisal honestly, fully and fearlessly, with comtheological basis, they cannot go a great deal fur- plete readiness for any and every wise change. ther in achieving some of the ideals which they It should do this, not under any passing, human have long held and which have been given such pressure, but under the unrelenting pressure of strong reenforcement. Let them not, however, its own conscience, and now and always under be alarmed or discouraged or think that any Re- the shadow of Christ's Cross, the unsparing scruport is the final and authoritative word. tiny of the Holy Spirit and the blessed presence of our Living Lord. Third, we should keep open, under constant critical review, such questions as these: Are we giving Christianity a too dominantly intellectual and doctrinal cast; or are we making the oppo- THE BEST INVESTMENT When James M. Thoburn was called to India in the early days, mission service there was very difficult and even dangerous. • When, after nearly half a century qf service, he came to the age of retirement, he said: "When I went to India I never expected to see my mother again. But I not only came back to. see my mother but, through the Providence of God, I have lived to have a home and a mother in every city of any size on the face of the globe, where the friends of the mission field open their homes to me."

Everywhere this servant of Christ found companionship in these faithful friends. I com- mend you that the best investment for life is to invest it in such a good cause. What puts the most joy in life is to expend one's life for Christ and His cause without thought of self. "Ex- cept a grain of wheat fall into the earth and die it abideth alone, but if it die it bringeth forth much fruit." Except our lives are invested in a great cause we will decline to make sacrifices and will live in selfish ease. If we put ourselves into the Cause we will grow and will find the meaning in the words of Jesus, our Lord; "I came that they may have life and that they might have it more abundantly." BISHOP NICHOLSON.

Is Our Commission?

The Primal Truths Contained in the Great Command of Christ J By the REV. HENRY W. FROST, D.D., i Princeton, New Jersey u'"_ f.l+ o, – Director-Emeritus of the China Inland Mission for North America THE natural religions of the world cannot be Christians, who are called to be witnesses, our compared with Christianity. Those religions whole relationship is with Christ. This brings us are the product of human thought, from man to several conclusions in reference to the great to God; Christianity is a divine revelation, from commission.

God to man. They, at best, are seeking after God; The One who commands. The position which Christianity, from first to last, is a finding of Christ occupies as related to His Church is that of God. They are mutually related; Christianity is Saviour and Lord. As Saviour, He is the possessor unique. They are systems; of those whom He has re- Christianity is a Person. deemed; as Lord, He is the di- This last fact is vastly im- The Report of the Appraisal rector of those whom He pos- portant, for we find in it the Commission of the Laymen's sesses. It is, therefore, His in- intimation and explanation of Foreign Mission Inquiry has herent and unlimited right to what our relationship to Chris- raised again the question of ask of His people what He tianity is. If Christianity were the real aim and basis of the pleases, to require what He the result of human thinking, Christian Missionary enter- asks and to command what He then we should have to think prise. Dr. Frost, who has requires. Moreover, He is not the more and at last propound given over forty years to the obligated to consult with those our thought as best we could. work as Home Director of whom He commands or to ex- If Christianity were a system, the China Inland Mission, plain the commandments which then we should be required to states here clearly the New He gives. He may be at any systematize our system the Testament basis on which time, by reason of His person- more perfectly, and then pro- the enterprise rests. ality and redemptive work, an claim and defend it to the ut- autocrat and dogmatist. His most of our ability. But, since words, therefore, are fiats, Christianity is a Person, our problem is simplified, which being uttered, call for immediate, full and for the only requisite is to know the Person, and continued obedience, until they are fulfilled. These then to witness concerning Him. This is what are first principles as related to Christ, in conse- Jesus meant when He said, "Ye shall be wit- quence of His individuality, official position and nesses," not unto human concepts however great atoning sacrifice.

and impressive these may be, but "unto me." Those who are commanded. The Christian lives This thought is fundamental because it is essen- in consequence of a sacrificial act which saved him tial. Expound religion without Christ, though the from death and brought to him the possibility and address may be superbly and passionately given, privilege of living. There is, therefore, not a and Christianity has not been preached. Pro- moment of time when he can consider himself in- pound religion with Christ, however humbly and dependent of that act or under little or no obliga- tranquilly it may be expressed, and Christianity tion to it. On one day or another, in things great has been preached. Christ is the centre, the cir- or small, in all the relationships which common or cumference, the all in all of Christianity; hence, uncommon existence brings to him, he must look He is the One whom we are to present and pro- upon himself as one who is required to learn his claim. The New Testament throbs with this Redeemer's wish and to do His will. To act thus thought, because its very heart is Christ. The is not to his credit, for it is his bounden duty.

Gospel, therefore, is the good-tidings of Jesus Not to act thus indicates that he has little appre- Christ, and it is this because it proclaims One hension of what has been done for him and what who is mighty to save and to keep. Hence, as he owes in return. Hence, if his Saviour-Lord [ 281 commands him to do this or that, be it easy or occupier of a sacred office. If he loses this balhard, he neglects to do it at his loss and refuses ance, he is a man of misapprehension, a waster of to do it at his peril. The soldier under the com- his own time, a spendthrift of other men's money, mand of his general is not so much under duty to an occupier of a position which a better man obey orders as is the Christian to obey his Com- might fill and he is the wearer of a dignified and mander. In the one case, to refuse is disloyalty; honored name of which he is not worthy. Let a in the other, it is treason. In other words, the man be narrow, if he is on1y true. If he can be whole Church is under sacred obligation to fulfil true and at the same time sympathetically and Christ's command to evangelize the world, and altruistically broad, let him be broad, only, let each Christian in his own appointed way is to be him always be true. Truth is the essential which at it and always at it. God requires and which the condition of the world demands. Our Commission, therefore, is this: to The thing which is commanded. Christ has preach the truth, that is, the Gospel. Anything given to His Church many commands. But one else than this, before the commandment of Christ command is primal and preeminent. It is to and the bitter need of the world, is secondary and preach the Gospel to every creature. This man- comparatively inconsequential. date is clear in its intention and expression, so that its meaning cannot be misunderstood. Also, it is It was largely the foregoing conception of things plain, both as to its content and extent. As to content, we are told to preach one thing, not less or which sent of old so many noble men and women more, namely, the Gospel; as to extent, the into the regions beyond. For the love they bore preaching is to be continued until every person has their Master they obeyed His Word, went to lonely heard. places, lived often in sordid surroundings and laid down their lives, slowly or suddenly, in willing Paul's conception of the Gospel was, "Christ sacrifice for the One whom they served and for and him crucified." This great missionary is our exemplar and we are to speak as he spoke. We those who needed the Gospel that they preached. may understand, as was true in the apostle's day, that the preaching of this Gospel will produce re- And they saw signs following their service. sults besides salvation and sanctification, for the Dark faces were brightened; malformed lives Gospel is a civilizer individually and collectively. But secondaries are not primaries; and by-prod- were transformed; and fearful souls were filled ucts are never to be put in the place of central with radiant peace and joy and hope. In other truths. After all, so-called "civilization" is not so important, as present-day developments in words, these men and women who were not "diswestern nations are proving; and, at its best, it obedient unto the heavenly vision" found that the never saves. The Gospel, on the other hand, is simple Gospel of Christ was a panacea, healing necessary and is the power of God unto salvation. the open sores of the world, even beyond anything It is, therefore, to be persistently held and de- which they had imagined. They thus became clared. A witness is a "martyr." And the kind enamored of Christ, discovering that His autocof martyr needed in these tragic days is one who racy was the most wise, loving, gentle and comwill put and hold himself in the place of self-denial passionate experience that this world knows. and then repeat after the great missioner of old, Those, therefore, who have been truest, served "Woe is unto me if I preach not the Gospel"; "I longest and suffered most have been the ones who am determined not to know anything among you wished that they had a thousand lives to give to save Jesus Christ, and Him crucified." their Saviour-Lord. It was so with Brainerd, Carey, Morrison, Judson, Moffat, Duff, Paton, The way the command is to be fulfilled. The Chalmers, Taylor and others. These were great good, a.s w:e.c~ll know, is often the enemy of the men, with large minds and many interests. But best. Social reform is good, but it is not the Gos- also, they were consecrated and concentrated men, pel. Education is good, but it is not the Gospel. who could say, "This one thing I do"; they thus Medical work is good, but it is not the Gospel. focused thefr iives upon the life of Christ and mag- Indeed, these matters, good as they are,. may de- nified His Name above all other names. Hence, in stroy the Gospel; and without the Gospel Christ their places of service, they turned the world upis gone and all is gone. Missionary service, there- side down and innumerable lives were turned fore, is a matter of perspective and proportion, as right side up. It will be so with any man who to what shall be mostly in sight and chiefly empha- will follow in their steps. sized. If a missionary keeps the balance between the primary and the secondary, he has a true con- Let us to our tents, 0 Israel, and our knees. ception of the Great Commission and is a rightful There in the secret place of prayer and dedication let us hear what Christ would say to us. Then, let us rise and go forth, to do God's work, in God's place and in God's way.

ON THE BOSPHORUS-WHERE ELIAS HIGGS LABORED AS A

Elias Riggs – A Pioneer in Turkey Missionary of the American Board, from 1832 to 1901 By the REV. CHARLES TROWBRIDGE RIGGS, D.D., _.ootJif Istanbul, Turkey }i+o.- Missiollary of the Americall Board sillce 1898 T HE year 1932 marked the centennial of the of Hebrew. He was ready for college before he beginning of missionary work by one of the was fifteen, was graduated from Amherst at nine- outstanding representatives of Christ in for- teen and from Andover Theological Seminary at eign lands. As far as the writer knows, no mis- twenty-two. During his college course he acquired sionary has surpassed the record of sixty-eight a very good pronunciation of Greek by the help of years of active service given to the cause by Dr. two young Greeks studying there; and before his Elias Riggs. His graduation from theological graduation from the seminary had published a seminary, ordination, marriage, commissioning as Manual of the Chaldee Language which became a foreign missionary, sailing, and arrival on the the standard for all the theological seminaries of field, all fall within the year 1832, although he did the country for the next half-century. Among not actually reach his particular field until Jan- his classmates at Andover were Messrs. Lyman uary of 1833. He kept actively at work until a and Munson, the martyrs of Sumatra, and Sam- few weeks before he passed to his reward in Jan- uel Francis Smith, author of "My Country, 'tis of uary of 1901, sixty-eight years and three months Thee."

after he was commissioned as a missionary. Elias Riggs was ordained as a missionary evan- Elias Riggs, the son of a Presbyterian clergy- gelist by the Presbytery of Elizabeth, N. J., on man, was born in New Jersey, November 19, 1810, September 20, 1832. Soon after, with his young in the year that the American Board of Commis- bride, he crossed the ocean.in a brig of 180 tons.

sioners for Foreign Missions was organized. At As he took only one furlough in all his long career, an early age he showed the scholarly tendency he crossed the ocean only twice more, both times that was later such a help to him; he learned to by sailing vessel. In 1858 steamers were too ex- read at four, and at nine he had such facility in pensive for missionaries to use. We may add that Latin that he took up the study of Greek, using a although Dr. Riggs never saw his native land after Latin grammar; at thirteen he began the study 1858, and never knew it without slavery, he was [30 ]

ELIAS RIGGS-A PIONEER IN TURKEY

always keenly interested in every new develop- Armenian hymns, a large share of the most pop- ment in America, and was a most loyal citizen. ular today are those which he put into that lan- His breadth of Christian thought was character- guage. Besides this, he was for many years editor istic, and while he was loyal to his denomination, or associate editor of weekly and monthly peri- yet his life work was under another board. He odicals in both Bulgarian and Armenian – papers was loyal to his alma mater, but sent his three that, aside from the Bible, were the sole reading sons to another college. The one loyalty that would matter for thousands of homes. He also took his yield to no other was his loyalty to Christ and full share in the issuing of tracts, school books, His work. devotional and biblical literature, including a His first field of service was Greece, later Asia Bible Dictionary in Bulgarian, and several com- Minor, and then Constantinople; while his efforts mentaries.

for the Bulgarians took him often into Bulgaria. Dr. Riggs also had a free use of French for Twice calls of other fields were put before him. preaching, as well as conversation; he used Ger- Shortly after his arrival in Greece, an invitation man, Italian, Russian and Arabic easily for read- came to go to Persia for work among the Nes- torians; and again, in 1858, when he was on his one furlough in America, and had been teaching Hebrew in Union Theological Seminary (where, among others, the late Dr. Arthur T. Pierson was his pupil), the directors extended an urgent invi- tation to the chair of Hebrew Literature, backed up by an offer to endow the chair if he would ac- cept. In each case, after prayer and thought, the invitation was declined, since he believed that the field of service in Greece and Turkey was a call of God.

It was a noble group of missionary giants with whom Dr. Riggs was associated through his long life, especially at Constantinople. It would be diffi- cult to match the galaxy of Goodell, Dwight, Schauffler, Wood, Hamlin, Temple, and later H. O.

Dwight, Herrick, Greene and Peet. Among these were several with more spectacular careers than that of Elias Riggs; but in his own special line of literary effort, no one came near his record. He was also a fine teacher, whether in a girls' school THE BIBLE IN ARMENINN, TURKISH, GREEK AND or in a theological seminary; he was a most ac- BlTLGARIAN TRANSLATIONS, MADE BY DR. ceptable and helpful preacher in half a dozen dif- RIGGS AND HIS COLADORERS ferent languages; he served a term as treasurer ing and somewhat in speaking. He had a scholarly of the mission very competently. But his great use of Syriac, Coptic and Ethiopian as well as work was literary. To few men is it granted to Latin, Hebrew and Aramaic, as far as Oriental translate the entire Bible into three separate lan- studies and the purposes of translation were con- guages, each with its own distinct alphabet, be- cerned. He took great interest in delving into the sides assisting in a fourth. Practically the entire grammar and construction of many other tongues.

responsibility for the Armenian and Bulgarian His commonplace book contains copies which he versions was his; and he was a member of the made, with comments, of the Russian, Georgian, translation committee for Turkish, while he as- Chinese, and Sabean characters, showing the sisted in the translation of Prof. Bambas into breadth of his interests. But his scholarship was Greek, particularly of portions like Daniel and deep as well as broad. He was never satisfied with Ezra, translating from the Chaldee or Aramaic. surface work.

His knowledge of all these tongues was so idio- One secret of Dr. Riggs' remarkable ability to matic that he was able to put the sacred Word into help others was his humble and teachable spirit.

a form acceptable to the people. He was always eager to learn, no matter from how Next to Bible translation, his most valued and humble a source. Hearing that there were said permanent contribution was to the hymnology of to be valuable ancient Greek manuscripts in the these Near Eastern peoples. Over three hundred library of the Mosque of St. Sophia, he did not of the hymns in the Bulgarian book are his work; rest until by personal investigation he had ascer- while each edition of the Greek hymn book has tained that this was not true. At another time, he been dedicated to his memory; and among the questioned a young graduate of one of the Amer-

ican universities as to whether he had found any very young; and this gave Dr. Riggs a special insatisfactory explanation of the precession of the terest in the blind. It was through his personal equinoxes, saying that he had read many articles care and ingenuity that a system of characters about that phenomenon, but without finding an was brought out for the blind in Armenian, based explanation that satisfied him. The young grad- on the Moon system. Portions of the Bible printed uate was forced to confess that, with all his astro- in this way were a great boon to many blind pernomical training, he knew less about it than the sons throughout Turkey. missionary of sixty years standing! Dr. Riggs was never quite satisfied with what he had done, There was one handicap under which Dr. Riggs but was constantly revising, correcting, and bring- constantly worked, which is not usually expected ing up to date his books and other work. Neither in the case of one who lives as long. He never his universality of interests nor his profound was of robust health. Shortly after moving to Smyrna from Greece, in 1839 he was brought so ELIAS RIGGS (left), WILLIAM GOODELL AND WM. G. SCHAUFFLER, TRANSLATORS AT WORK IN CONSTANTINOl'LE scholarship along so many lines, led him to speak low by malarial fever that the family physician as an expert; he was never assertive, but modest did not think he would live two years, but a trip and retiring. Moreover, he was always willing to to Syria and Palestine set him up again. In 1856, give up one line of work when need was shown in 1862, twice in 1864, and again in 1872, he was for his aid along a different line. So he turned compelled to leave his beloved work in an effort from educational work to literary, and from that to recover his health. During all the years from to the work of a treasurer, just as he was willing the time of his golden wedding and the fiftieth anto leave Greece and begin again in Smyrna, or niversary of his entry on missionary life until his again in Constantinople; or to take up one new end, his associates were accustomed to look at the language after another, thinking nothing of the thin form of the white-haired old man as a frail labor and drudgery involved. thing which any wintry blast might destroy. Yet constant care, regular and abstemious living, and Three of his children and eleven of his grand- a sublime faith and trust in the heavenly Father, children followed him into the foreign field. His kept him at work till his ninety-first year. youngest son was stricken with blindness while

Berry Schools of

The Romance of a Sunday School that Became Famous By TRACY BYERS, Mount Berry, Georgia _,o~1 Author of the biography of "Martha Berry, the Sunday Lady of Possum Trot"; published by G. P. Putnam's Sons, I New York, $3.50 Miss Berry's Sunday school grew rapidly until it had passed all bounds. Children brought their ONE Sunday afternoon about thirty years ago parents and came flocking from miles around. On Martha Berry was sitting in a log cabin Sunday the grounds around the stately pillared playing on a little old-fashioned organ. Berry mansion became a shambles of ox carts, The cabin had been built as a playhouse for the mule wagons, horses and buggies. Her sisters Berry children and to it were attracted the chil- ana brothers looked on amused at first, then prodren of poor families living in the hills back of her tested wearily': father's plantation. One boy who came roaming through the woods, peered in at the cabin window "But, Martha, you can't educate all the hilland watched Miss Berry as if fascinated. Calling billies of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Even the him in, with three other children of the neighbor- state has not undertaken the job. You'll lose all hood, she told them Bible stories. They were so your beaux and never get married if you keep fascinated and astonished by these old stories that filling your buggy with dirty little brats off the she asked, "Haven't you ever read a Bible or heard mountains. Every time we go down the streets it read before?" with you all the worst-looking characters in town yell, 'How-dy, Miss Marthy.' Forget your Sun- "No'm. Pappy, he's goter Bible," said one, day school for a day and come on the picnic this "bu't he cain't read hit and we didn't know it had afternoon." stories in hit." But Martha did not go. Instead, she kept at "Will you come back next Sunday?" she asked work and opened new Sunday schools in four suras they left. "I'll tell you soma more Bible stories." rounding communities.

"Yes'm, weuns'll come back and bring some Driving around the country on Sundays, she more chillun, too." visited the Possum Trot and Mount Alto churches. Far down the Coosa River at Foster's Bend she The next Sunday afternoon the first four chil- opened another Sunday school, and in the meandren brought half a dozen more. They appeared time kept up the services in the log cabin on her in ragged and dirty clothes so that Miss Berry ran father's plantation. Soon she decided that Sunto the house to get soap and towels, which she in- days were not enough to teach the poor boys and vited the children to use. They washed in a large girls who came to her meetings. She opened a rain barrel standing beneath the eaves of the day school for them across the Summerville Pike cabin. Then with faces shining and eyes spar- on land given to her by her father, Captain kling, they gathered around their new-found Thomas Berry. friend and teacher. Once more her family protested, but the young Martha Berry told them of the beginning, of woman continued on her course, determined to do Adam and Eve, of Noah and the Ark; of Moses her bit to lift the pall of ignorance from the southand the Ten Commandments. They listened in ern highlands. rapt astonishment. Shadows were lengthening over the hil1,B and the sun near setting in the haze This was not an easy task-and it was not one over Laven'dar mountain, when the children re- for which she had been trained by the typical luctantly left for their shabby homes. schooling of a wealthy girl of the South of thirty years ago. She had been taught by a private gov- The next Sunday Miss Berry brought out an old erness at home until she was sent away for a year microscope which she had used in school. After in a fashionable "finishing school" in Baltimore. the children had washed she showed them the germs left in the water. As they looked through Somewhere out of this she developed strength the microscope, fascinated by the sight of the of character and wholesome trust. As a result the wriggling creatures, they said: "Heh! We'll sure-enough drown the bugs on us arter this !"

[33 ]

Sunday school grew into a boarding school for There has never been a letting down from that, boys. despite the difficulties.

"We just had to do something," she says, as she "After the boy's boarding school had been go- . smiles today at early memories. "There were ing on for ten years it became necessary to open times when all the children had nothing to eat in a girls' school-to train girls for better homes, to the School but corn bread and grits. Our old col- make them a match for the boys. The trustees ored mammy had taught me how to make delicious told me that we had extended ourselves as much biscuits and many nights when all our spirits were as was possible right then. Without telling them, I sent a group of boys a mile away to the farthest corner of the school's property, where they erected two log cabins. Here we put the first girls' school teacher and twelve girls.

"A year later, when the girls had beautified their cabins and had accomplished much work, I dared at last to show the trustees what I had done. Today the girls' school is as important and cer- tainly as lovely and practical a part of the indus- trial system as any other."

Later the grounds of the Schools were extended to include the Foundation School for Boys. By gifts of land the campus has grown until now it reaches more than ten miles from end to end and varies from two to five miles in width.

Great physical changes have come about at the Berry Schools during the thirty years that have passed since Martha Berry began to teach Bible stories in her log cabin.

Naturally far more important changes have been made in the lives of the ten thousand stu- dents who have attended Berry Schools. During these thirty years never a meal has been eaten without a prayer being asked and thanks returned to the Lord.

An endless stream of America's purest-blooded Anglo-Saxon boys and girls, the mountain whites, have attended these Schools.

MARTHA BERRY-TODAY Strangely enough, in this day of material things, the 'only requirement for admission is that low, I slipped into the kitchen of the first old dor- the prospective student be poor and unable to go mitory; made biscuits, 'borrowed' some jam from to school elsewhere. If he has no money he may home and we all feasted together." work for his clothes, his room and board and tui- tion. Between 600 and 700 yearly take advantage Early students, recalling those days, testify that of this opportunity and from 200 to 300 others when "Miss Martha" took charge of the kitchen pay the nominal charge of $150 a year. Altothe best food was forthcoming. gether there are about 1,000 students enrolled.

"Nowadays it has become stylish to be poor," The Schools are unlike any others in the world. says Miss Berry. "People talk of how much they On six mornings a week classes begin at seven can do without. For thirty years we have been o'clock, following breakfast at 6: 15. The classes that poor at the Berry Schools, doing without continue until five o'clock in the afternoon with many things that I always had thought were neces- some vacant periods during the day. Chapel servsities when I wa's a girl. ices are held at 11: 45 every day and attendance is compulsory. "The little motto on my desk, Prayer Changes Things, was put there by students long ago. I The students do all the work of the Schools, for walked out on a little plank of faith in God and there is not one hired man or woman on the 25,000 we built the Schools as best we could. By prayer acres. One third of the students are always enand work all things have been made possible. gaged in these tasks while the other two thirds From the early log cabins we walked along gravel are in classes. 'One third of the student body paths that somehow seemed hallowed by the work. works Monday and Tuesday; another third on

THE BERRY SCHOOLS OF GEORGIA

Wednesday and Thursday and the last third on One graduate of the Schoob has started a sim- Friday and Saturday. ilar institution in North Carolina and has a school The boys and girls clean the buildings, cook the with nearly 350 students. Another school, similar meals and serve them; bake the bread; milk the to Berry, is operated in northern Florida by two dairy herd of more than a hundred blooded J er- Berry graduates. Throughout the South are other seys; make the furniture and erect the buildings; schools patterned upon the Berry system of diver- bake the bricks in the brick plant owned by the sified industrial and vocational education.

Schools; cultivate the fields and care for orchards; It is encouraging to note that of the 10,000 tend the sheep and chickens. All in all they lead former students more than 3,000 are now teachers an extremely busy and useful life. and community leaders. Hundreds are farm ,:l'here is no time for football at Berry and no demonstrators and county teachers of home eco- interscholastic athletic life; but many games and nomics. Many become Christian ministers and sports are played between the different classes and doctors.. Many return to the farms, where they divisions of the Schools. improve the condition of the soil and the animals 'Boys and girls who have never had an oppor- tui:lity for an education plead to enter these Schools, so that, at the age of twenty, many young me.ll and young women are found here beginning t? learn their ABC's.

' Reclaiming human waste, making useful citi- zens from boys and girls that would otherwise have no chance in life, has been the aim of Martha Berry. There seems to be an endless influx of such boys and girls from these southern states, the most backward section educationally in Amer- ica. The mountain people of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee and the Carolinas, from- whom most of the Berry boys and girls come, lead America in illiteracy and misery.

J One student enrolled recently from the hills of Tennessee who is a direct descendant of Daniel Boone; another is a great-grandniece of General Robert E. Lee. Some of the boys and girls trace their descent directly to the pure-blooded French Huguenots, who fled to South Carolina when THE MARTHA BERRY SCHOOL AT POSSUM TROT driven from their own land by persecution. on the land. This has been one of Miss Berry's The Anglo-Saxons of these mountains speak a great aims. dialect that is the lovely old-country English of With good sense and an unfaltering sense of two hundred years ago. Somehow these people humor, Martha Berry guides and advises these were left behind as modern civilization swept youngsters; encouraging them to grow into ideal across America. Today they are appealing for Christian citizens, into men and women who will an opportu~ity to step into something better than feel that character is the greatest need of life, and the one-room and lean-to cabin homes that cover 'commercial success of secondary importance. the hills of the s~uthland. Maw of the girl graduates become nurses. , These boys aDd girls, when educated, quickly Sever;il are now superintendents of nursing prove their worth. Today the professor of agron- homes. One of these girls nursed Miss Berry duromi at the Georgia State Unjversity is a Berry ing a severe illness, helping in real fashion to graduate. More than twenty years ago he came "pull through'; the founder of the Schools.

to the Schools driving a span of oxen, which .he The graduatef?,. have scattered into every state exchanged for his "larnin'." He is also secretary of America and into many foreign lands. One of the alumni association of the State TJi!Tiversity. former student, who now is a missionary in Brazil, Another boy who worked his way through the recently gave the address in chapel. One came Schools, and has since helped to educate his back from several years of teaching in a mission younger brothers, is today a vice-president of the school in India. Another is working in a school Chase National Bank in New York City. The in Persia. president of the Rotary Club of Asheville, North A girl, who was graduated about eight years Carolina last year and a trust officer in a large ago, has given addresses on temperance to the bank there, is a Berry graduate who is helping student bodies of almost every college east of the educate his younger brothers. Mississippi River.

STliDENTS AT THE MARTHA BERRY SCHOOLS. AND ONE OF THF] DORMITORTFJS The young men and women prove their intelli- picture which Miss Berry made during the years gence on every side. Psychological tests and mind as she walked about, saying in her charming measurement tests reveal great native intelligence southern accent, "Cut down that hill….. Fill which only needs training to develop them into that hollow ….. Move that tree nearer the road." useful citizens. She says with a smile, "It isn't much fun to stay A feature of the School life which for years in one place forever! I suspect even the trees like puzzled the South is the religious training and to move about a bit. Any way they grow better." compulsory chapel. The School is non-sectarian, with its chaplains recruited variously from Meth- "God has blessed us with friends," Miss Berry odist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Episcopalian, Con- says quietly, "without the help and prayers of gregational and other churches. In early days the our friends throughout the years, I should long mountaineers suspected that they would be evan- since have given up. To our beloved friends we gelized into some strange belief. The Hardshell are the most grateful for reclaiming the 10,000 Baptist ministers wrote letters to Miss Berry in~ lives to usefulness for our country and our God." quiring her "persuasion" and the strength of her shell. But Christianity is placed above sectarian ONE RACE-ONE SAVIOUR creeds. By FRANCIS SHUNK DOWNS, D.D. Through it all Miss Berry has fought and smiled. Buildings have burned down, but classes A Japanese evangelist said to a group of his counand meals have continued as before. Tornadoes trymen: have swept the campus, but no one was daunted. Teachers have attempted insurrections, but have "When I attended a surgical clinic, and saw the forfailed of their purpose. A railroad attempted to eign teacher preparing to remove a cataract from the bisect the campus with a spur line, but Miss Berry eye of an old woman, I wondered to myself: 'Suppose finally halted work by telling the foremen she that we Christians are mistaken, and that instead of would have the boys-tear up the rails every night one God there are many, and that the one that made if they went any further onto the grounds. She the American did not consult with the one that made hurried to the president of the road and persuaded the Japanese, and as a result there is a difference in him to run the track in a different section. the anatomy of the eye, and so this operation proves a failure.''' Visitors who see the miles of campus, the graceful lawns and beautiful trees, seldom vision the But the one God has "made Qf one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth."

Sin has infected the spiritual life of all races and nations and Christ is the only power that can cleanse this human race.

to Convert the

The Message from the Foreign Field to the Home Church By the REV. W. WILSON CASH, London, England General Secretary of the Church Missionary Society FIFTEEN centuries ago there came to the pret to the people of Great Britain the message Church one of the decisive hours in the ex- of Jesus Christ and His redemptive love and pansion of Christianity. In A. D. 432 St. power, in terms of what has been taking place Patrick landed in Ireland and the fruits of his on the mission field. We have sought to give the evangelization may be traced not qnly in the evangelistic message of our churches, explain- Western Island but also throughout the sixth and ing what God is doing in other lands. What He seventh centuries as the Gos- has don e in China, India, pel Message flowed back to aWryhawt iosrwk?ronWg hwaitthismiwssrioonng- Africa, and elsewhere He can England through Iona and with the Church at home? do for congregations to whom Lindisfarne and across the we preach at home. This has continent of Europe. The prin- Can we expect unconverted caused a heart-searching for ciple of the New Testament Christians to evangelize the some of us. We have realized surely is that what is given world? Feeling convinced that if we go out and explain in missionary service overseas that, if the Kingdom of God how Christ has transformed flows back again in increasing is to continue to spread, the the life of pagan Africans and blessing to the home Church, aCrhoruissetida,ntsheaCt hhuormceh Mmiussstiobne- Hindus and has given those and every age of the Church ary Society of England has people victory over sin, then we has proved it. brought home a missionary must face the same need and In this twentieth century we from Persia to conduct evan- possibility in our own lives. To are not simply in a world crisis gelistic missions in Anglican be honest in our evangelism we which affects foreign missions. churches. Would not this be must rediscover Christ as su- We are emerging into a new a good plan for some of our premely adequate for ourselves.

era when things will not be American churches? As i a We will not attempt here to ex- the same as before. The moral may evyaent gbeleizecaAllemderuicpao!n to plain this personal aspect of crisis of the western world is the campaign. Suffice it to say not whether missionary work that we have sought to sur- be maintained in the future at the same financial render our lives anew and wholly to God so that level and efficiency as before but whether the nothing in us would hinder His purpose either Church of God can stem the tide and in doing so for the work we represent or for the world. As can meet the crisis with a positive message of we have studied the situation we have become Christ for a broken and a disillusioned world. more and more convinced that the mission field Can Christianity survive the impact of secular- holds the evidence of the truth of Christ and the ism? This question is fundamental to the mission- Way of Life for which the Western world is ary situation, for a collapse of vital Christianity waiting. In England the question is constantly in the West would react at once throughout the being asked whether there is anything definite to world. show that Christ can me.et human needs. Be- It is because of the serious challenge thrown hind such a question there is a hunger for real- down to the Church by the materialism of the day ization of a God who can be discoverable in the that some of us are conviflced that only in a re- ordinary life of this modern age.

discovery of the Gospel as the power of God for How can we bring this evidence to the atten- this present age can we help the missionary cause. tion of the home Church?

In other words, we cannot advance in the mission The ordinary methods of missionary promo- field without a new spiritual revival in the home tion are inadequate. Study circles, missionary Church. We have therefore been seeking to inter- addresses, exhibitions and the many other forms [37 ]

of activity <ire not: converting people to God, and thank God that blessing is ilowing back to the unless we were winning people to God we were home Church from the mission fields but let us failing. It is one thing to convert people to for- make no mistake about the issue involved in it all. eign missions and, by a broad policy of social :>ervice, to secure from them a donation. It is a We have today largely an unconverted church very different proposition to make the mission- membership. We must either win Church and ary appeal so vital and personal as to challenge nation for God or we cannot carryon the misthe man in the pew to consider seriously the sionary work entrusted to us. In many ways claims of Jesus Christ for himself and to win him the spiritual level of the home Church determines to a full surrender to Christ as his personal the progress of the Kingdom of God overseas. Saviour and Lord. . Our policy in the campaign upon which we have embarked is definitely evan- Weare at the parting of the ways. It is time gelistic with the objective of changing lives to close our ranks, heal our divisions and with a through the power of Christ. united front go forward cooperatively with all who love our Lord in sincerity in a new effort to Some have said that it is not the work of a win the world for Jesus Christ. missionary society to do home evangelism. The days are too critical for us to consider whether In recent years evangelism has often been in this or that task is specifically ours as a mission- the background in missionary policy and we have ary board. We are convinced that every ounce given our congregations the pap they wanted in of spiritual energy in the Church should be mobi- a nebulous kind of religion based upon what we lized to this one end-the conversion of the peo- thought leading laymen would approve. Now we ple of our nation to God. As Christian workers are called to bring home to ourselves and to our we feel we have a distinctive contribution to laity the one great missionary objective given to make. It may. not be peculiarly our missionary us by Jesus Christ-to preach the Gospel by life task, but having seen God at work in other lands, and word in all the world, at home and abroad. we believe that He would have us summon the home Church to take up unitedly this great work. The young churches overseas are alive to the Our effort therefore is only a small contribution menace of this hour. With reduced grants from to the larger task of the whole Church. the sending churches and with fewer mission- aries they are themselves embarking upon ag- Last year Bishop J. H. Linton of Persia was gressive evangelism. The Kingdom of God Moveasked to come to England for a year to lead the ment in Japan and the Five-Year Movement in campaign which the Church Missionary Society China are two instances of this. planned to initiate. He began the work last autumn and has already held a number of evan- Many other efforts are being made by the gelistic missions so it is possible to gauge to some churches themselves to advance through personal extent the result of the campaign. evangelism. If these daughter churches of ours are feeling that the need today is a militant evan- The Bishop's messages have been simple evan- gelism, how much more should we at home stress gelical talks based upon his personal experience it also? The lesson for us to learn from the misof Jesus Christ. He has never been ashamed to sion field in this world crisis is undoubtedly a tell his audiences about his own life and how ringing call to join with them in a world-wide Christ has met his needs. Most of his missions evangelistic effort. Revival in many places has have been called "A Week of Witness." already begun. I believe it has begun in Eng- land. Are we going to stifle this movement of Anglican churches like to have things done the Spirit or will we clear the channels so that decently and in order, and yet as the tide has revival may be world-wide? risen we have seen young men and women mounting the pulpits of large Anglican churches and THE NEED OF TODAY witnessing to the saving power of Jesus Christ. We sorely need to recover a radiant passion for In one industrial center the Bishop of the the redemption of the lost. Sylvester Horne rediocese sat humbly in a pew and listened to the minds us that "A new note is required in much of messages thus given. Hundreds of men and our preaching if men and women are to be won to women, mainly young people, have found new Christ. Scholarly accuracy, literary finish and life in Christ and every series of mission meet- charm of style we will not despise, but these alone ings reveals a tremendous hunger for God. Thus cannot probe the sore of sin or lead men out of far those who have been won have been mainly bondage into spiritual liberty. The antagonism church people and in this the way is being pre- some would raise between evangelism and relipared for a much wider evangelism later on. If gious education is absurd. We must put more educhurch people show that they have a faith worth cation into our evangelism and more passionate passing on, the Church will soon discover that it evangelism into our education." is a faith worth exporting to other lands. We BISHOP ARTHUR J. MOORE.

A Woman's Criticism of the Laymen's

Report By Mrs. HENRY W. PEABODY, I Orlando, Florida I r~~'- ~~==========================~ T HE report of the Appraisers of Foreign best that modern liberals can present as a mo- Missions sent out by a committee of laymen tive. is perhaps the worst attack and the most We, therefore, must take exception to the dangerous ever made on this great enterprise. qualifications of men, with such standards and In the guise of friends backgrounds, to survey the fifteen appraisers and appraise the divinely have prepared and sent For a full half century foreign missionary inspired work of foreign through the secular press work has been the major interest of Mrs. Lucy missions. The charter for Waterbury Peabody. As a young woman she their statements, claim- spent nearly six years in Madras, studying the this work was given by ing the backing of seven the Risen Lord, who comgreat evangelical denomi- Telugu language, working in village schools for manded His followers to nations. low caste people; training Bible women and do- go into all the world and Glancing through the ing zenana work with high caste women, Hindu and Moslem. In 1887, she returned to America, preach the Gospel, baplist of Appraisers, we tI"ZIng I. n H' find lacking the names of and was for eighteen years Home Secretary of name and men and women who the Woman's Baptist Foreign Mission Society. IS Later she was Foreign Vice-President of the have been in close touch teaching what He taught. with the foreign mission Woman's Foreign Mission Board. Some of the men and Mrs. Peabody was for ten years editor of the women who meet the ap- woman's magazine and the children's paper of proval of the s e Ap- the Baptist Board; in 1900 she became a mem- ber of the United Study on Foreign Missions, work and workers on the and under her chairmanship four million mis- praisers h a v e reversed sion study books were printed and distributed fields of Asia. In this for women and children of all denominations. the order of Christ. Acgroup of eminent men we cording to the divine pro- She has been for thirty years a leader in the find the chairman, a Pro- formation of summer schools of missions, was gram, the Kingdom of fessor of Philosophy in chairman of the interdenominational Woman's God and His righteous- Har.vard University, the ness is followed by other Foreign Mission Jubilee in 1911-12; was invice-chairman a vic e- temporal and physical strumcntal in organizing the Federation of For- eign Mission Boards. She made an extensive visit to foreign mission fields with Helen Bar- president of the Univer- rett Montgomery in 1913-14, and was founder "things." These might sity of Chicago, the presi- and editor of Everyland, the children's world include education, medical friendship and foreign mission magazine.

dent of Brown University, Mrs. Peabody is a well-known writer and W 0 r k, social, economic formerly a Baptist insti- and physical aids. Such speaker and was chairman of the Building Fund tution but now separated Committee for seven Christian colleges for benefits are effects, not from religious affiliation. women in Japan, China, India, raising $2,000,_ causes. Here lies the Another represents the 000 to secure $1,000,000 from the Laura Spel- great difference between man Rockefeller Foundation. At present she is a member of the Board of Woman's Christian Friends College of Haver- Medical Collelol"e of Shanghai, and of the Madras this body of Appraisers ford. These institutions, Christian College for Women. Vellore Mission- and the truly great body presumably the model for ary Medical School and St. Christopher College of evangelical mission- for Teachers.

the new work in foreign What Mrs. Peabody writes in regard to the aries who are out on the mission fields, seem not layman's appraisal of foreign missions is worthy foreign fields, represent- of careful attention. .

to have made any vital re- ing millions of men and ligious impression on women of our American their own communities. Unfortunately, Chicago, churches, who stilI stand by the divine origin of New York, Boston, Providence and Philadelphia this movement as set forth by the Risen Christ.

do not show many marks of religious progress, Every missionary would probably agree that but rather we should say they show the influ- it should be the aim of those. who proclaim the ence of extreme humanitarianism, which is the Gospel of Christ to improve conditions of family [39 ]

life, especially where polygamy maintains, to is there offered for women of that faith as bring about better living for all, and tender care taught by Buddhist priests? Kagawa of Japan for those who suffer. But evangelical churches knows that there is no hope in the Shinto faith. and missionaries cannot accept the Appraisers' He preaches Jesus Christ and Him crucified and report as a basis for the change. These men and makes no compromise with idolatry. women have had opportunity for only a superficial and cursory glimpse of the work, and evi- Education and Healing Without God? dently have been greatly influenced by prejudice and hearsay and the wisdom of men who stand The Appraisal Commission makes another rectheologically where most of the missionaries on ommendation regarding missionary educational the field do not stand. institutions. It recommends that evangelistic work be discontinued in missionary institutions We can touch briefly on only a few points founded and financed through the prayers and where there are notable differences in conclu- gifts of Christians who supposed they were buildsions based on the difference in belief, precedent, ing schools and colleges where Christian teaching and preparation. and training would be predominant. Whatever has been done-and the Appraisers graciously No Compromise With Non-Christian Faiths admit that something has been accomplished by our backward methods-has been done directly Having lived with the women of India for through religious work. Recently some mission nearly six years, and having made a life-study of boards have been willing to yield, as in China, the conditions which have not changed material:" agreeing to registration under a secular governly in the mass, we cannot accept the recommenda- ment which demanded a cessation of religious tion that as Christians we should compromise teaching in schools and colleges. with the non-Christian faiths of India. Even Gandhi, the highest exponent of Hindu idealism, Surely we have not yet accepted the atheistic had done nothing to remedy the terrible physical, viewpoint of the Russians. Either the mission moral and mental conditions of women which are boards should continue, as under honor bound, due directly to the religious life and beliefs of religious education as an integral part of the cur- Hinduism. If the Appraisal Commission will riculum in every mission school, or they should read "Mother India," by Katherine Mayo, and its close these schools. Christian schools are not later confirmation by Indian authorities, they supposed to maintain purely secular education in will be more accurately informed concerning the East, nor would the denominations reprepresent-day conditions in India. Long ago Max sented on the Laymen's Committee lead us to feel Muller said: "The Hindu religion is perhaps the that such unreligious, irreligious, agnostic or only religion that is worse than no religion." atheistic leadership would be of sufficient value to the Orient to enlist our gifts and the lives of The story of Amy Carmichael's redemptive our young men and women. Christian schools, work with the little girls devoted to the vile serv- supported by Christian churches, should be alice of the priests of the temples of India shows lowed to teach the Bible as the inspired Word of clearly the utter impossibility of any sympa- God, the basis of our Christian faith. It should thetic alliance with this religion so-called. From be taught by men and women who believe that Hebrew history, as told in the Old Testament, we this, the only historic record of the Lord Jesus learn the results of the attitude of Israel toward Christ, holds the major place in any education the prophets of Baal, with their pernicious, im- supported by the Church of Christ. Rather than moral, idolatrous worship. The prophets of divorce educational work from evangelical Chris- Israel, thank God, stood against these priests of tian teaching, it would be infinitely better to close Baal whose extermination was apparently ap- the doors of these institutions and allow the proved by the Lord God, Ruler of Nations. Oriental leaders to '!Conduct education in their own way, at their own expense. Having been in- In China, where moral conditions are in many strumental in the building of seven Christian colrespects better than in the greater part of India, leges for women in India, China and Japan, and we still have a very dark picture in the present knowing the nature of the appeal which brought books by Pearl Buck, who knows China. No mis- the great response from the Christian women of sionary of Christ will favor an intimate and America, we believe that it would be dishonest friendly cooperation even with 'a religion like dealing and a misappropriation of funds to dis- Confucianism or Buddhism in China. continue Christian teaching and training in those colleges. Some colleges in America have been se- We cannot compromise Christianity with these verely criticized for a similar misuse of legacies human faiths which reach their lowest depths in and endowments. the lives of the people. The religion of Christ is the only religion that can save the souls and Medical missions should be conducted on the bodies and minds of men and women. Buddhism is an improvement on Hinduism-but what hope

A WOMAN'S CRITICISM OF THE LAYMEN'S REPORT

same principles. We do not appeal to Christian entals. The Orientals who urge this are often churches for funds to carryon a purely scientific least fitted to take places of leadership. Humilor humanistic effort through hospitals and medi- ity, gratitude and ability to work with others or cal schools in the Orient. We are there, not mere- under direction must be characteristics of men ly to introduce a new science of medicine, but to and women who are safe to be left in charge of show the love and pity and power of the Great the great work in foreign fields. The mission- Physician. If we depart from the divine Char- aries now carrying on the work are as a rule ter, and cease to make Christ known through better able to discern ability in leadership, wisevery missionary doctor, nurse and teacher, then dom, judgment, spiritual religious power than we are unfaithful to our Commission and may are travelers from the West who spend a few as well give the field over to humanistic efforts months covering India, China and Japan with of modernistic groups. If their program is their total population of three-fourths of a biladopted the funds already invested should be re- lion people. The records of missionaries, spirturned to mission boards that will continue their itual and eternal, are known only in Heaven. work of evangelism through other channels. Why Help the Younger Churches? Christ's Representatives at the Front The Appraisers assert that the great body of The criticism in the Appraisal report that native preachers and Bible women are lacking in seems most unjust and unfair is that which ability and should not receive "subsidies" from stamps 95% of the missionaries, who are giving the home church. This is not a New Testament their lives for Christ in these foreign lands, as term. The churches of Jerusalem, Antioch and unworthy representatives of the American Macedonia felt a close bond, a brotherhood, with churches. Fifty years of intimate acquaintance the needy Christians who received the Word of with thousands of missionaries, and constant God through His missionaries, apostles, ambasstudy of their fields and attainments, may per- sadors. These needy Christians were helpedhaps fit me to make an appraisal of their char- not "subsidized." It would be impossible for acter and work. Not every missionary meets the missionaries to do effective work among the great highest requirements, and not every minister in masses of foreign peoples without the assistance America meets the high standards of God and of trained, loyal, humble representatives of His service. My appraisal of foreign mission- Christ, in the lands to which the Gospel is cararies is that 95% of them are worthy representa- ried. These helpers are willing to work for the tives of the Church of Christ, while perhaps 5% barest living; a few dollars a month suffice for are unfit for the task committed to them. In this their physical needs. If I had a million dollars latter group I would include rationalists, modern- to give I would invest it directly, through the ists, agnostics and humanists, who have really no kind of missionary I could trust (and there are Christian message for the people of the Orient. many of them), for the training and sending out of native evangelists who would in time become Among the greatest missionaries beginning pastors of the little churches of Christ which are with those who went out from Jerusalem down springing up throughout the Orient as the result to the present day, not many wise, not many of the preaching of God's Word. We "subsidize" mighty, according to human standards, have been leading ministers of the great churches of New called, and yet we have had such men as Carey, York, Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia, and Provi- Morrison, Livingstone, Judson, Verbeck; and, dence. They do not always show the spiritual or thank God, we have today such women and social results we might expect, even though their men who are willing to count little in a worldly "subsidies," in the form of salaries, are large appraisal but who stand high in ability and schol- enough in some cases to maintain a whole flock arship. Some of these outstanding men and of evangelists in a foreign field. women would be quick to defend those who have laid down their lives for Christ, even as that We come back to our Charter. Most missionfirst group of humble, untrained fishermen gave aries who have gone out under evangelical themselves to carry the Gospel to the regions be- churches have gone at the call of God. They beyond. Most of the boards have rather high lieve in Christ, not merely as a way of life, but standards for health, moral character, education, they believe that, by the miracle of the new birth, and special training for their missionaries. We the "Way of Life" will be opened to people of should maintain these standards and we can tes- different races throughout the world. Most of tify to the ability of the great body of men and these missionaries accept the Gospel of the Lord women who are now on the mission fields. Jesus Christ, 'as recorded in the prophecies of the Old Testament and in the history of the New, as Another recommendation of the Appraisers is the only basis for their calling, their message, that missionaries in the main should be with- and their service. They have found no other drawn and should be replaced by trained Ori-

Saviour of men, 110 other redemption except that Foreign Bible Society (1902), we learn that to offered through the Cross of Christ and the res- date approximately five hundred million copies urrection of our Lord. of the Scripture and portions have been trans- Any true appraisal of mission work must be lated and distributed in six hundred languages, based on the truth represented in the great Com- largely the work of missionaries who were and mission of our Lord and in the Apostles Creed. are scholars.

Those messengers sent out by Christ had lived "The gift of tongues at Pentecost was a small and learned with him for three years. They often testimony compared with this Pentecostal gift failed and many made mistakes, but they were which enables all peoples of the earth to learn used to found the Church. They were not hu- in their own tongue the wonderful works of manists; they were not rationalists; they were God." Unless we recognize this record of the su- not philosophers; but they were born from pernatural as divine wisdom, rather than "super- above; they were called of God; they were sent stition," we shall fail. If the Holy Scriptures are out endued with the power of the Holy Spirit accepted as the rule of our faith and practice, without which they could not expect to accom- and are not set aside by those who seek to domiplish anything of permanent value. They were nate theological thinking today, we shall have promised the continued companionship of the the great spiritual miracle of foreign missions Lord Himself, and today wherever we find any- perpetuated among all peoples. There can be thing of value in foreign mission work, or in re- no foreign mission enterprise without adherence ligious work at home, it is based essentially on to the belief in the Bible as the Word of God and the truth of this divine Gospel proclaimed the divinely inspired Charter of the enterprise. through such missionaries by word and deed.

Many appraisers have gone out to investigate THE GO-BETWEEN and report, beginning with those who went out to investigate the Land of Canaan in the days of By LEREINE BALLANTYNE, Toronto, Canada Moses. In the first group of twelve only two seem to have brought back any hopeful report. SI'C1'ctary oj PHblication8~ H'omen's .J.~IissiollarY' Society, Presbyt(,Tiull Church in Canada; author of ({Spirit Fire/' uThe Seven Seas of Scrvicc/' HFi'f(;li[lht F'ancies/' etc.

Caleb and Joshua sensed what was the real se- The Easterner's Quest The Christian's Answer cret of victory. Centuries later other appraisers, Paul and Barnabas, Peter, Luke and John and White clouds ride high; Seek not beyond others, investigated and made their reports con- The sun is dim; The drifting clouds; cerning the field and the work. They were endowed with the Holy Spirit. The main quali- God lives beyond- Nor yet within fication for any group of appraisers is their I know not Him. Ancestral shrouds. enduement with the Holy Spirit and their ability to recognize His work. The spirit of modern The earth I see; God has sent down humanistic philosophy is not sufficient to make I feel its wealth; To Earth's slopes, green, Its food I eat; His own true Son, Absorb its health. As Go-Between.

their appraisal of value. We believe in a divinely Yet something strong He made the perfect inspired call and preparation for the messengers Within me cries; Sacrifice. of Christ and in a divine program. We shall I seek to know God needs no more continue to believe and to work according to the Some paradise. Burnt flesh, or rice.

program. Some truth secure, Something more sweet The work of foreign missions is not com- Some knowledge pure, And true He gives; pleted. But only as it is carried on in conformity That Life goes on A faith more deep with the Charter, the Commission and prepara- And shall endure. A hope that lives.

tion required in the Word of God, will it have God lives beyond Take it, and know any power to bring men to know Him and the The mountains lean. The life supreme. power of His resurrection. I need, Great One, Lord Jesus is In the Centenary Report of the British and A Go-Between. God's Go-Between.

A critic of mi~sions who says: "I am not willing to spend my money to try to impose my beliefs on others," represents those who seem to think that missionary activity is designed merely to change people's opinions. Could that man see what is going on in many communities where missionaries are laboring-in the cities, and mountains of America and in the neglected lands he would discover that lives are being changed and communities are being made over by Christian missionary activity, especially by the patient, "shining" of Christian lives, giving forth light in dark places. Missionaries go to take Christ who changes men's lives.

to the Laymen's

AMONG the many comments on the Laymen's not by having some missionaries who only preach and .r-. Commission Report the following show other missionaries who only heal or teach but by hav- ing all missionaries communicate the Gospel by both the preliminary reactions in some mission deed and word." fields, in American churches and mission boards. Occasional reviews and appraisals of missionary The Board adheres unqualifiedly to this purpose in methods and results are useful but these may be the prosecution of its commission…. overdone. They are valuable in proportion as the appraisers appreciate the true purpose, ideals The Board is prepared to make any changes in meth- and abiding fruits of the work. Goodwill, hon- ods and policies and administration which will advance esty and care are not enough to assure sound the cause of Christ throughout the world, and which judgment. Our methods of work should change will bring to all men those saving gifts of truth and but only God has the right to change the basic life which can come through Him alone. nature and purpose of His commission to evan- gelize the world. The AlIwrican Baptist Foreign Missionary So- ciety has issued a preliminary statement which is A general criticism has been against the to be followed by others. This statement says: method of advance releases of sections of the Re- port, not only in all parts of America, but in None of the mission boards is responsible for the Europe and in mission lands. The effect of this observations and conclusions of the Report. Many of the recommendations cover ground entirely familiar is shown in a letter from Dr. George S. McCune, to the missionary organizations…. The Report does our missionaries less than justice. . . . This service President of the Union Christian College of calls for a high degree of self-sacrifice and many are Korea, who writes as follows: bearing burdens far beyond their strength on account of our inability to send reinforcements…. Our boards We are greatly exercised over the report of the Lay- have expressed their own viewpoint (as to the basis men's Commission. We feel that a great injustice and and scope of the enterprise) that "The paramount aim harm is being done here by their publication. All the of the Christian missionary enterprise is to lead men vernacular papers are tarrying the findings (releases). everywhere to accept Jesus Christ as Saviour and At the time when we are trying hard to keep our Lord, through whom they may find the Father and to school work up to tone and evangelistic in effect, to establish among them New Testament churches. . . . have such suggestions made by a Commission from The specific recommendation of parts II and III (of our home churches certainly cramps the wheels of the Report) will be taken into serious consideration. progress. . . . Not all of the proposals are acceptable to our boards or to our constituency." Mission boards have received the Report with varied expressions. The official pronouncement The preliminary statement adopted by the Ex- of the General Council of the Presbyterian ecutive Committee of the Board of Foreign Mis- Church "emphatically dissents from the conclu- sions of the Reformed Church in America states: sions of the Commission as effecting the aim and message of the missionary enterprise. What is The Reformed Church in America is committed to proposed is virtually a denial of evangelical the purpose of making Jesus Christ known to all men Christianity." as Redeemer and Master, both for the saving of their souls and for the rectifying of their lives personally The Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions and socially. The Board of Foreign Missions has this has issued a statement which says in part: mandate from the great Head of the Church. No other basis can be considered. No less or other pur- The Board recognizes with appreciation the earnest- pose could command the support of the Reformed ness a,nd sincerity and devotion of the members of the Church for so weighty an enterprise as that of for- Commission and the Inquiry. . . . The Board affirms eign missions, nor call to its forces the young men its abiding loyalty to the evangelical basis of the mis- and women who are needed on the field…. sionary enterprise…. The Board will continue to give the most careful The Board regards the evangelistic purpose of mis- scrutiny to its work, both at the home base and on the sions, when truly conceived, to be paramount. As the field, to see where adjustment or revision may be Lakeville Conference of the Board and representatives needed at any time to make it more efficient, keeping . of all its missions with representatives of the national always in mind its primary purpose and its obligation churches in June, 1931, declared: to the Church for which it acts and which looks to it fOI" leadership in its foreign missionary work. "We believe that the Gospel is to be proclaimed and .J esus Christ to be made known, not by word or deed The American Boar'd of Commissioners for but by word lind deed; that pl'eaching Christ and liv- Poreign Missions (Congregational) has viewed iug Christ are not to be dissociated; that truth and the whole basil'! and recommendations of the Lay- life go togethel' and that this union is to he effected [ 43 ]

men's Commission in a much more favorable Christ and His Gospel as will inspire so vast an underlight. The Board says in a published letter: taking as that of winning the world to Him.

After adequate discussion and conference on the DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, for over forty years three missionary fields surveyed, and after securing a pioneer missionary to Moslems, and now Prothe well-considered opinions of pastors and corporate fessor of History of Religion and Christian Mismembers, the Board stands ready to accept whatever sions in Princeton Theological Seminary, writes future changes in method and policy may -seem wise. as follows in The Presbyterian Banner: So important are the proposals of the Commission- The old Biblical Christo-centric basis for missions ers that the Board is issuing as an aid to its study, is discarded in the Report…. The message here is a sixty-four page booklet which will contain in eight humanistic idealism, not redemption. "An idealism chapters (1) a brief statement of the recommenda- solidly based upon the testimony of human experience tions of the Report on each aspect of missionary work, and upon the eternal nature of the universe"-what- (2) concrete examples of work in our own missions ever that may mean. "All fences and private properto which the propo-sals apply, (3) comment upon the ties in truth are futile," they -say; "the final truth, merit of the recommendations by our secretarial whatever it may be, is the New Testament of evenj staff. . . . existing faith."

At the Annual Meeting of the Board the fol- Such an appraisal of the basis and aim of missions lowing was adopted: is out .of focus. It resembles a passport photograph, sufficiently accurate for purposes of identification to We urge upon our churches that they study care- outsiders, but hardly suited for enlargement and adfully this masterly survey. Our very confidence in miration. The appraisal in our opinion will not prothe missionary cause and our faith in the integrity duce a new Laymen's Movement, nor greatly increase and permanence of the movement causes us to rejoice missionary gifts to the boards concerned, nor secure in every criticism which tends to break up compla- an array of qualified volunteers from the universities. cency and compels us to compare our actual perform- When Moses at the command of God -sent out his apance with the precise needs of the people with whom praisal committee and they brought in their report, it was not a victorious document: "We saw the giants, we work. the sons .of Anak, and we were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight." Joshua The Board of Foreign Missions of the Method- and Caleb tried to -save the situation, but mob psycholist Episcopal Church also views the Report more ogy took a hand at Kadesh Barnea, and unbelief trifavorably than many others. Bishop McConnell, umphed. Absit omen. the President of the Board, has already appointed a committee on "Inter-Church Cooperation." The Dr. Paul deSchweinitz, for some years the Secstatement issued by the Board does Dot comment retary-Treasurer of Moravian Missions in North on the doctrinal basis of the Report but deals America-that great pioneer missionary society with other features: now celebrating its two hundredth anniversary, says briefly: The Commissioners revealed breadth .of sympathy, keen insight and an earnest conviction that foreign The attitude of the Appraisal Commission runs dimissions, while needing constructive changes in the rectly counter to the underlying motives of all Moramethods of approach and policies and programs of vian missionary endeavor. work, must go on. As the Commission stated, "To any man or Church posse-ssed of religious certainty, From the United Lutheran Church comes a the mission in some form is a matter not of choice brief word from Dr. George Drach, Secretary of but of obligation…." the Board of Foreign Missions: The inescapable challenge .of this Report should ap- From the religious point of view, the Appraisal is peal to our laymen and should serve to turn apathy entirely unsatisfactory, but from the practical point and indifference into interest and support. Further, of view, as far as administration and -some adjustment the search for reality and courageous facing of the in foreign fields are concerned, the Report may be issues so characteristic of this Inquiry are in full ac- helpful. cord with the temper of youth today and will give new meaning and effect to the Christian message as it is The China Inland Mission, with over thirteen presented to this disturbed and di-stracted modern hundred missionaries in China and a long history world. of remarkable achivement, is one of the inde- pendent missions outside the purview of the Ap- Dr. James Endicott, Secretary of the Board of praisal Commission. The Home Director, Dr. Missions of the United Church of Canada, and Robert H. Glover, a former missionary in China, formerly a missionary in China, calls attention says in a personal letter: to the critical difference between the position taken by the Appraisal Commission and that My protest against the views and findings of this taken by the Jerusalem Conference (on nOD- Commission will be not so much in word as in action, Christian religions). for I shall be stimulated to more earnestness and de- votion than ever before to carry out the Saviour's true While the latter group stated in an unmistakable missionary commissi.on and to help complete the taRk way the supremacy of Christ and the infinite value of enjoined by Him. the Gospel message, the Appraisal Commission Report lacks any satisfactory indication of such a faith in

REACTIONS TO THE LAYMEN'S REPORT

In The Alliance Weekly, of the Christian and Foreign Missions of our Church, and to the whole mis- Missionary Alliance (another independent so- sionary enterprise of every church the world over. ciety), the Rev. David Mason, one of the Secretaries of the Alliance, voices the convictions of all DR. SHERWOOD EDDY, formerly a missionary "Faith Missions" on the great Christian motive and Y. M. C. A. worker, and now an author, a which the Appraisal Commission would discard: traveler and lecturer, says in The World To- morrow: We believe that millions of souls are in danger of eternal death and ought to have an opportunity of It is an able document, objective, scientific, fearless, life, and that that life is to be had only in Christ Jesus. soundly critical but also constructive and creative, and We believe also that the King's business requires will in time force the bulk of the foreign missionary haste, and the need is more urgent today than ever; enterprise to revise its methods and enter the modern world as the great history making dynamic which it is therefore "Go ye." capable of becoming.

Some pastors have voiced the views of churches Dr. Howard Agnew Johnston, pastor of the at home which are supporting the work carried Immanuel Presbyterian Church of Milwaukee, a on by the church boards. One of these, Dr. world traveler and long a student of missions, George W. Arms, pastor of the large Bedford writes: Presbyterian Church in Brooklyn, New York, The report is utterly unjust to the rank and file of writes in The Presbyterian: missionary workers. The failure to magnify the es- The Report of the Appraisal Commission . . . has sential place of Jesus Christ as the only hope and Savdenied the Scriptural ground of revealed, truth. . . . iour of the whole world is the most glaring fault in The position on which they build their criticisms is the report, and the ,suggestion about a super-board in purely "another Gospel." It means that either our the matter of administration is a startling presumpown church board must repUdiate this Report or else tion. It looks as if we had come to the point where the Church will repudiate the church board. the Church will be challenged to take its stand on one side or the other in connection with the place that our Another pastor, a former moderator of the Lord Jesus Christ is to have in the Church. I hope Presbyterian General Assembly who recently very much that the attitude taken by the Presbyterian visited the mission fields, Dr. Hugh T. Kerr of Board will be adopted by the Protestant churches Pittsburgh, says in The Presbyterian Banner: generally.

There is much in the Report that is of great value The China Critic, an English monthly puband interest. . . . But the Report fails to point out lished in Shanghai, favors the recommendations the progress that has already been made along the on missionary education and in relation to nonlines of Christian unity…. It seems to champion Christian religions. It says: the position that Christianity is not the one and only saving faith…. This position Christians cannot take. The report is both fair in its opinion and C'onstruc- . . . The idea of having a non-theological religion is tive in its recommendations.

nonsense. A non-theological religion is a non-intel- DR. CHARLES R. ERDMAN, professor and pastor lectual religion. at Princeton, New Jersey, an author and a trav- LAYMEN also comment on the Laymen's Re- eler in mission lands, a former moderator of the port. Dr. Hugh R. Munro, President of the Presbyterian General Assembly, and President of Montclair National Bank, says briefly: the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, ex- The fundamental defect, as I see it, is that these presses his views in The Presbyterian, from good men have lost sight of the true missionary mo- which we quote: tive. The Report is disappointing, not to say distressing.

A group of Congregational laymen, however, In contrast with the unifying and comprehensive dewarmly commend the Report and approve in prin- liverances of the Missionary Conference at Jerusalem, ciple its recommendations. They adopted resolu- this Report is divisive and defective. It does contain tions recommending to the American Board: commendable features. Some of its critici,sms are fair, but these are also familiar. Certain of its pro- (1) That it shape its policies along the lines recom- posals are wise, but for the most part these already mended in the Report, and (2) that it cooperate with have been acted upon in principle….

the Laymen's Committee and other denominations in The vital defect of the Report, however, is found in working out the measures to be taken toward united its doctrinal statements and implications. Christian- action in mission work. ity is not presented as a supernatural revelation of FRANK A. HORNE, a Methodist layman, and a the redemption wrought by Christ, but rather as "the member of the Laymen's Committee, writes in religion of the modern man, the religious aspect of the coming world culture." "The uniqueness of Chris- The Christian Advocate: tianity" consists in its selection and grouping of doc- Personally I am thrilled with the Report, and I know .trines which -it holds "in common with other reli- the other members of the Methodist Episcopal Com- gions," instead of its distinctive truths, such as mittee of laymen are equally enthusiastic over its incarnation, atonement, resurrection and the incom- value to the future plans and work of the Board of parable character and claims of Christ.

Ways of

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO '~II ~ ~~ ~~~~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~~=~____________1~1i§i TIMELY SUGGESTIONS Missionary Society entertains Meeting" in place of fruit basket the juniors, Mrs. William H. when you want to change places.

TURNING OVER NEW LEAVES Veenboer says: Twist your pic- "The Treasure Train" is the This title heads the first pro- ture of the Pied Piper of Ham- name of the new gift container gram in the Yearbook of the lin to represent the Woman's for the children, as used by Bap- Woodruff Place Baptist Church, Home Missionary Society play- tists this year. "It pictures a Indianapolis. Its symposium on ing enticing tunes with all types railroad engine and two cars. Missionary Education features of children following after. The wheels are slots in which "World Friendship Cultivated Careful searching will produce when filled there will be two Through (1) Books, (2) Schools a trumpeter, and children may quarters and eight dimes. The be cut from many sources. If of Missions, (3) Study Classes, your meeting is in the after- train is loaded with mission- (4) Denominational Papers, (5) noon, your program will doubt- aries, churches, schools, hos- Stories, (6) Visualization, (7) less be well on its way before pitals, Bibles, medicine, etc., all Pageants." A meditation on the children arrive from school, ready to help tell the world "Information, Thought, Deci- about our Saviour as soon as we sion, Action," furnishes the de- and yet they may be there for a supply the wheels. These gift votional portion. By means of good portion of it…. Children containers may be used in Suna large book made of wrapping do not think in abstract terms. day schools or other children's Visualize so that they can folpaper, denominational papers low. Use plenty of posters to il- organizations if the money is to and magazines, missionary lustrate or work up interesting be given to the denominational exhibits. When talking about work and reported." books and leaflets were pro- migrants, a simple thing to do moted by another group. "Turn- OUR MISSIONARY HEROES ing the Leaves" as the program would be to have some cans of progressed brought to view tomatoes, shrimps, oysters and In a setting of pictures and copies of the magazines, book other fruits and vegetables with patriotic decorations relative to jackets and leaflets mounted on little dolls representing tired the birthdays of Washington the pages of the improvised vol- boys and girls grouped about. and Lincoln, introduce well told ume. Missionary magazine subscriptions were solicited at the Since we are entertaining the stories of Paton, Livingstone, close of the meeting and other juniors, we want to play at least Sheldon Jackson, Grenfell, and literature was sold. Leaflets one game with them. Animated others, whose patriotism exwere used as place cards at the alphabet is a lively one. Make pressed in world-service has two sets of the alphabet-one in done so much to extend brotherensuing luncheon. red, one in blue-or choose your hood and promote Kingdom-citi- CHILDREN'S WORK IN THE own color scheme. Divide the zenship. Give a similar turn to NEW YEAR group into reds and blues with luncheons and dinners during The missionary training of a cleared space for the contest- the month of February. the children is our only insur- ants to stand. Have ready a list ance policy for the perpetuation of words of missionary interest ApPLIED NEW YEAR'S RESOof our missionary interests, for the children to spell. The object is to see which side can LUTIONS form the word first. The junhence it is of paramount im- iors having the right letters Pass around slips of paper on portance. The beginning of the rush up to the front and form which each person at the meetcalendar year is an appropriate ing is asked to express (1) her time for any senior missionary organization to invite the jun- the word. A tally is kept so wish for the missionary society iors either to be entertained or that the winning side may be in the opening year, and (2) her to give an entire program of determined. resolve as to personal service in their own-and how enthusi- "Fruit Basket" can become a actuating the ideal. Let the astic the little folks are over the missionary game by giving the papers be exchanged without latter plan. Writing of devices names of institutions in place of signature and read by the reto he used when the Woman's fruit, and by calling "Annual cipients.

[ 46 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Majoring on the Devotional And again, there are the per- Last year circles died; hopes ennial hymns whose fitness for died, and many budgets died- Service the devotionals consists in their mention of desert sands or "the all owing to these wet blankets: The mainspring of a method heathen in his blindness"-fine "The depression is on and we must be its spiritual intent and hymns, but cheapened by their just can't meet our budget"; not its technique. While fresh- too frequent repetition and by "No use trying new plans in our ness, variety and adaptability to lack of specific adaptation to the modern thought and conditions subject in hand. With all the Conference-the girls won't atare striven for, it is the earnest choice religious music available, tend"; "You just cannot interintention of the editor of this hymns and special selections est girls in missions these days" ; department to put motive, pur- may fit the theme as an appeal "Girls can't afford to take the fits the need. Away with all missionary magazine"; "Girls pose and attitude of mind ahead such if we would give the devoof mere performance. A spir- tionals the place, preparation haven't sixty cents to pay dues," and emphasis due the power- and so on ad infinitum. Enough itual dynamic is an absolute generator in the meeting. prerequisite for the release of wet blankets were available last power on near and far fields of (This theme to be continued year to supply a whole army of missionary service. Nowhere is next month.) "It-can't-be-dones" !

this more imperative than in the Now wouldn't it be marvelous devotional service. On the ac- at the beginning of this year to cumulated evidence of a con- follow the Indian custom for all siderable lifetime of missionary Navajo Blankets versus Wet these deaths and have a huge meetings, the author feels quali- Blankets bonfire to burn up the wet blan- kets of discouragement? "With fied to say that in too many Hannah Pennock Miller, Na- God all things are possible." If cases, the devotionals are a tional Secretary of the Depart- only folks would keep affirming pious form to be gone through, ment of Young People under the and believing this, "miracles" Woman's Home Missionary So- would continue to happen. Even with perfectly good intentions ciety of the Methodist Episco- the New Psychology has proven but with precious little prepara- pal Church, sends THE REVIEW what such affirmations do in our tion, as an accredited clearance this inspiring article designed lives. for the program to follow. primarily for the younger work- In this Indian year, don't wait ers but equally applicable with- for others. Begin throwing A survey of ruts would in- out age limitations. It is a your own wet blankets on the evitably include "the usual mis- timely message in the midst of funeral pyre and using the Nasionary meeting," in which the our Great Depression. It is vaj 0 blanket instead. Now a devotional path is as hard-trod- Miss Miller's custom to cor- Navajo blanket is perfect in deden as any old buffalo trail and respond regularly with her sec- sign. (Here the writer urges a as deep as the sunken roads of retaries by personal letters and complete application of the de- China. What inherent merit is also with the girls' missionary nominational plans for the there in a long passage of Scrip- organizations through a month- year.) ture followed by a more or less ly letter in the missionary magunrelated prayer? or why must azine of her denomination, gen- A Navajo blanket is beauti- erally following a theme with . jul. (Application to a missionit last 15 minutes? Why are which is interwoven the specific women, not gifted for other pro- ary circle of girls working in gram appearance, tucked away things she desires the girls to order, harmony and unity toin the devotional period "to give do. The following is a sample, them something to do"? ward a goal they are determined . abridged from a letter at the to reach.) Then there are the late begin- opening of the new fiscal year: nings for the meetings, prefaced A Navajo blanket has warmth. with the remark: "We might Enthusiasm, ardor, hospitality, wait ten minutes for the others to come and meanwhile sing two DEAR GIRLS: good cheer, kindle love and stanzas of 'Rescue the Perish- As this is Indian year, and as neighborliness. Let every girl ing' as part of our devotionals." many of us stilI cannot think of put on her Navajo blanket and Perishing indeed, and some do the Indian without thinking of sit around a real fire of burning not realize the reason why! his blanket, I am prompted to desire to do her part this year Then there are the hit-or-miss write you this little disserta- to make her circle succeed. Scripture passages with the en- tion. There is a custom among A Navajo blanket is attrac- suing request for the minister's some Indians that when a death ave. In these days, girls' miswife to offer a short prayer; occurs in the family, everything sionary organizations must com- and the hasty selection of "a is burned and there is a com- pete with high school clubs and Psalm with 'heathen' in it for plete new beginning. While this all other organizations doing appropriateness-O, yes, here is wasteful custom tends to pro- girls' work. We just can't ex- 'Why do the heathen rage,' that Ion g poverty by destroying pect modern girls to come to will do nicely." Rage indeed; things that should be kept,' I dull meetings. We need to use they ought to, at our lack of would like to recommend a bon- all our ingenuity, originality, moral earnestness in seeking fire for the wet blankets all over ability, to prove that missionary their salvation! the land. meetings can be made attrac-

tive, if they are earnestly and promotes good will between the U. S. others; for a renewal of confidence painstakingly planned for in ad- and China: (3) endeavors to modern- in the sufficiency of Christ for every ize Chinese Life. crisis in the affairs of men: for the vance. people dedicated for missionary serv- A N a v a j 0 blanket costs Key to Right Answers Ice .at the Northern Baptist Con- ventIOn: for those now going into money, but everything in this 1. About 400,000,000. unknown territory with the first mesworld worth having has a price, 2. Republic. sage of the Gospel: for the native and why not a thing as worthful 3. Eighteen. churches that carry alone the task of as missionary endeavor? (Enu- 4. Native religion of China. winning their own communities' for meration of the several items of 5. Nanking. the Christians in China in this'time benevolence in the denomina- 6. Uprising against foreigners. of great political change and ecot ion a I organization.) Who 7. Last emperors of China. nomic distress; for the Kingdom of would begrudge the money it 8. Japanese. ~od Movement in Japan and for its costs to be missionary-spirited, 9. First president of Chinese Re- mfluence . here at home in deeper aft e r catching a vision of public. consecratIOn; for all missionaries Christ's objective in the com- 10. Endeavors to modernize Chi- eve~y,,:here ',¥ho are handicapped by mand, "Go ye into all the nese life. preJudIce, mIsunderstanding and opworld"? Just try putting Him position; that churches at home and -MRS. GRACE H. HONDELINK, first this year and see how all First Reformed Church, abrofd may. tes.t thefr belief that things necessary for your well- Rochester, N. Y. man s extre?mty 'IS God s opportunity; being will be added unto you. that all d~rectly related to mission He has promised and He never A Missionary Keynote in work may have courage and faith to fails. face seemingly impossible tasks. Depression Intelligence Test on China The whole thing is intended as a "Shall We Be Christian?" practical test of the reality of our The following introductory This startling but by no professed faith in the power of exercise was used as an ice- means redundant question was prayer, and a gauge of how much we breaker in my classes at the the theme for multi-discussion believe in it. "This," says Dr. How- La keG e n e v a (Wisconsin) at the annual meeting of the a!"d B. Grose: in Missions, "is begin- School of Missions last summer Northern Baptist Convention at nmg at the rIght place. In a revived and proved very effective in San Francisco; and the ans";er, spiritual life in the churches, the restirring up interest. After com- expressed in terms of missions sult of the communion with God pleting the test, the pupils and as well as church, social and which is involved in the pray-itteacher discussed the topics but civic endeavor, involved a right- through idea, lies the promise and papers were not handed in. about-face in many lines of en- possibility of the solution of the mis- deavor. The outgrowth of the sionary problems that make this a Multiple Choice-Check Right soul-searching discussions was peculiarly solemn and testing year." Answers the adoption of a slogan and a program, the former being an The overwhelming response 1. China's population is (1) about injunction pertinent to the to the plan up to date evithe same as that of the U. S.: (2) Great Depression-no less in dences the consciousness of need nearly 200,000,000: (3) about 400,- spiritual than in economic life: to which it appeals. Would that 000,000. "PRAY IT THROUGH." The pro- with disregard of denomina- 2. The government is a (1) mon- gram involved a definite, per- tional lines, Christians of every archy: (2) republic: (3) an empire. sonal pledge to follow daily a name might unite to "Pray It 3. China is made up of (1) three' schedule of prayer for which a Through"; for talk learnedly as ,(2) eighteen: (3) twenty-five prov: list of topics is provided each you will in terms of economics, Inces. month, the chairman of the sociology or psychology, about 4. Confucianism is a (1) Chinese planning committee, Dr. Ber- t~e roots of t?is greatest deprescas.te system: (2) religion brought to nard C. Clausen, of Syracuse SIOn of all tImes, the main tap Chma from Japan: (3) native reli- spending the entire month of root that refuses to budge for gion of China. October making addresses in mere erudition is the decline of 5. The capital of China is (1) Nan- prominent Baptist centers in spirituality and dependence king: (2) Pieping: (3) Shanghai. order to organize, energize and upon God. We shall never 6. The Boxer War was (1) an up- activate the movement. "snap out" of the depression, rising against foreigners: (2) a con- The trend of the intercession nor y;et find relief by pressing flict between professional wrestlers' will be seen from a few excerpts the rIght button for a shift in (3) an inter-provincial war. ' selected from the October sched- our individual or national psy- 7. Manchus were (1) rulers of ule, each request representing chology. The great Method of Manchuria: (2) the last emperors a day's assignment: Methods the editor of this deof China: (3) discharged soldiers partment would impress is, from Manchuria. Pray for honesty to examine your PRAY IT THROUGH, with sincere 8. The Sino-Japanese war was won life in God's presence and to follow repentance and bringing forth by (1) Japanese: (2) Chinese' (3) His guidance: for that consecration of the fruits thereof. ended in victory for neither. ' which lives in sacrifice as it ministers ~. Sun Yat.Sen was (1) an ancient to the world; for an intimate dis- They are not gone who pass Chmese warrIOr: (2) the first presi- cipleship with Christ and a loving Beyond the clasp of hand, dent of the Chinese Republic: (3) and understanding spirit towards They are not lost who find the last emperor of China. The sunset gate, the goal 10. The New Thought Movement is Of all their faithful years (1) a purely religious effort: (2) Who find the light of sun' And stars and God.

-Selected.

'~I==,",","",===============I~

BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~'_ _ _ _ _ _———————_ _ _ _ _ _I~'

WORLD PEACE CHRISTIAN SERVICE AMONG MIGRANTS The eighth Conference on the of prayer and giving for others. From the Diary of a Migrant Center Cause and Cure of War, in From beans, to peas, to letwhich eleven national women's Six hundred Italian migrants are organizations are cooperating, tuce, to cantaloupe, to cotton, here for "beans" and "peas." Buildwill be held at Hotel Washing- to berries, these children have ings constructed for winter quarters ton, Washington, D. C., January come-a part of the great pro- for a circus have been remodeled and 17-20, 1933. The program pre- cession following the crops in now house these migrant families. sents unusual variety, providing response to the demand for sea- Three rooms in the heart of these challenging addresses and de- sonal labor in harvest and can- "migrant homes," quarters assigned bate upon every fundamental ning seasons, thus losing the sometimes to three families, are to be dispute involved in the discus- advantages of organized com- our center. They look out upon the sion upon peace and war. munity life. Here the Christian beautiful wooded hills which rise center is sheltering the little above the "shack village." Many missionary societies are children from weary days of including in their program of toil in the heat of the fields and The center opened today to the work the study of WorId Peace. danger of the cannery, and is bangs and knocks of a carpenter's There have been prepared five building in them spiritual and hammer plus the cries of a multitude oackets on Disarmament, The physical strength. In areas of children. The carpenter really World Court, Militarism in where the migrants are widely was building shelves for our three- Education, The League of Na- scattered, the Christian nurse room center and the children were tions, and The Cause and Cure travels from shack to shack as clamoring for the nice, new toys. of War, which may be secured friend and counselor. Their calls of "Teacher, gimme a from the office of the Council of ball"; "I want a doll"; "Can I have Women for Home Missions. In this Christian program what she's got?" are still ringing in They are loaned for the price of among the migrant people the our ears. postage or sold for one dollar churches are working unitedly each. through the Council of Women We finished straightening the for Home Missions in Califor- rooms–kitchen, nursery and play- WORLD DAY OF PRAYER nia, Oregon, Washington, Colo- room. Each has a congoleum rug, r ado, Arkansas, Connecticut, screen door, shelves and curtains. On March 3, 1933, groups New York, New Jersey, Dela~ The migrants visited and exclaimed throughout the world will be ware and Maryland, bringing to each other, "Nize, huh?" uniting in the observance of the together forces that can help to World Day of Prayer. This meet the needs of the migrant We followed our program todayyear, in addition to the adult child. clean-up, recording attendance, worprogram, there has been pre- ship, handwork, games, lunch, rest pared a children's program, [49 ] hour, stories, crackers and milk. printed attractively on paper of different colors ($.01 each; $.50 As these last were being served toa hundred). The four mission- day most of the children waited paary projects for which the offer- tiently to say grace but little Lewis ings are to be given-the two grew a bit impatient and asked, home projects, Indian Work and "Ain't we going to say, 'Thank you, Migrant Work, described on God'?-the first real interest shown these pages, and the two foreign in the blessing. projects, Union Christian Colleges and Christian Literature for Women and Children in Foreign Fields-may be presented through brief talks by women of the group, through impersonation or simple dramatization. The day is essentially one

Now the gang goes to the field so COOPERATION WITH INDIAN AMERICANS early in the morning the children are sleepy when they come to the center, Young Indian Americans in giously, they need more friends, so each morning at seven o'clock all their efforts to become useful and they need them now! the children rest. So far the great citizens in the U. S. A. and in majority sleep till eight-thirty or nine the Kingdom of God find in The Christian work carried o'clock and then, after lunch, they all their way mountains of mis- on by religious work directors understanding concerning their supported by fourteen denomisleep again. past history, barriers of racial nations jointly through the Such confusion today! A strike is discrimination on the part of Council of Women for Home some fellow citizens, and Missions and Home Missions on. The "gang" wants more pay. Of "hurts" from others through Council is helping young Incourse, the excitement reacts on the indifference and ignorance conchildren. cerning their present situation. dians to overcome obstacles and find the Way of Life. Because The older boys and girls were given They appreciate the friend- of lack of funds, this work is at the privilege of taking out books from ship of government officials and present limited to seven schools our small library today. At least teachers, of missionaries and of whereas there are about fifty twenty-five books were taken. And the Christian town-folk. Edu- United States Indian schools in the clinics-poor Miss Margaret had cationally, economically, rei i- which interdenominational reliher hands full. She worked from gious work directors could be nine till twelve treating wounds, and then finished the day by treating placed. more when the "gang" came back from the field this evening.

This morning Mr. B. came and took me to the cannery to see how beans were canned. It was most interesting. When we had gone through nearly the whole process we came to the place where beans were packed into the cans. The girls pressed them in firmly. They barely glanced at the can. In a flash it came to me that some of the children were being placed in life as the beans were placed in the cans. By a firm, powerful force beyond their control. Some were being packed in straight and fine, others crooked, bent and cracked, others were cut off by the sharp edge of the can as they were being placed in. It is a glorious privilege to help some of the children enter life a bit straighter and stronger.

Excerpts from Reports of Interde- Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kansas ent time there is in the process of construction a new shop building. nominational Work of Directors "Our Sunday school is organized This will greatly increase the interest with student officers. Miss Scudder of Haskell students in vocational Among Indian Boys and is the sponsor and director of these work." officers. Each Sunday morning we Girls in Government have a general assembly for a thirty- Sherman Institute, Riverside, Cali- minute worship period. The different fornia Schools classes take turns in providing the program. The program is something "This year we had 840 Protestant Theodore Roosevelt Indian School, as follows: A song, Scripture read- students with 20 of our junior and Fort Apache, Arizona ing, prayer, talk by one of the stu- senior class members as leaders in dents, the offering, a song, reports of our Sunday school. We have a splen- "It is interesting to notice the dif- did choir as in past years. Miss ference in response that I get from class attendance of the previous Sun- Wight is in charge of the Junior the children this year in comparison day." Church, 125 smaller children, which with that of last year. It is really a meets in the basement of the chapel. crime to change workers with the In- "The second semester of this year Our Y. W. C. A. and Y. M. C. A. dian children every year. They are there were interdenominational classes organizations have been wonderful. just beginning to feel as if they knew taught in the high school department Christine Reuben and Patrick Honme now." of the school. These met five times owa were the presidents. We have a a week and were given the same large Christian Endeavor Society "My Monday group of Girl Re- amount of credit as any other elective Sunday afternoons. Our socials have serves are a picked group. I chose course in the high schooL" been on a high order throughout the 12 girls who seemed to have some entire year. All in all, we have been leadership qualities. I want to see "Our Student Council of Religious wonderfully blessed by our heavenly what I can do to develop them. They Education has been a great help in Father in all we have attempted to are the older girls of the school. I planning and carrying out our ac- do. Remember us in your prayers." asked them what they would like to do this year. I had various sugges- tivities." "Everywhere I went on my trip to tions but one of the girls said, 'Why "Our Young Men's Forum club has Arizona and New Mexico, I was corcan't we practice on a program and dially received by young and old as put it on in a school far away?' I started out better than ever before. soon as they were told I was a misliked the suggestion and I am quite We have had to move from our old sionary from Sherman. The returned sure it will do the girls good to have room, which holds about a hundred, students seemed to be taking a promthis experience. The principal says to a larger hall. The added emphasis inent place in the Indian life on the that we can arrange to have a gov- that is being placed on vocational reservation." ernment truck take us to some near- work at Haskell perhaps has someby Indian school for such a program." thing to do with the interest in our Forum club. Our programs are based on vocational subjects. At the pres-

~[~ OUf World~wide Outlook '1'1"

~~I ~~~~=A=M=iss=ion=ar=y ~New=sp=ap~er~of~Cu=rr=en=t E=ven~ts~~~~~I~' __ God in Human Lives Scripture supplied to the world Among the European countries the in the one year-and this in the following figures are given: The Evangelisches Missions- face of the depression of 1931. magazin of the Basel Mission Poland ………. 3,150,000 has been publishing a survey of AMERICA 1931 Soviet Russia …. 2,800,000 missionary effort during the last Rumania …….. 920,000 ten years. The close of this sur- Volumes Germany …….. 582,000 vey contains the following in- Hungary …….. 485,000 teresting paragraph: American Bible Society .. 9,745,356 Czecho-Slovakia .. 400,000 England …….. 300,000 In thus looking back upon the last GREAT BRITAIN Austria ……… 270,000 ten years of mission work in all fields France ………. 225,000 we note most clearly that wherever British and Foreign Bible Lithuania ……. 170,000 Christ has taken possession of human Society (1804) …… 10,552,284 Holland ……… 160,000 hearts there are creative forces at work that make weak men strong National Bible Society of The Jewish population of the and equip them for tasks which they Scotland (1861) .. , .. 4,615,109 United States is given at 4,400,000. could never carry out according to For the largest cities the following human estimates. We see the cour- Scripture Gift Mission .. 2,185,043 figures are given: age of the Japanese and Chinese Christians in beginning a magnificent GERMANY 20,500 New york …… . 1,800,000 evangelistic activity at a time when 10,951 Warsaw …….. . 360,000 all human reasoning would demand Baden Bib I e Society, 74,270 Chicago …….. . 325,000 a cautious holding back and conduct Karlsruhe ……….. 86,727 Philadelphia …. . 270,000 that is entirely passive. We note 23,291 Budapest ……. . 240,000 further the reaching over of the re- Bavarian (or Central) 606,100 Vienna …….. . 220,000 vival movement of the casteless peo- Bible Society (1823). Lodz ………. .. 180,000 ple of South India into the higher Moscow …….. . 140,000 castes. Finally there is everywhere Bergische Bible Society in the Near East a growing feeling (1814) ………….. Children's Project for China of responsibility for the winning of Mohammedans for Christ, among the Prussian Bible Society Following the friendship very ones who had to suffer the se- (1806) ………….. projects for Japan, Mexico and verest persecution. These and many the Philippines, the Committee other facts show us, with the clarity Saxony Bib I e Society on World Friendship Among that is evident only in concrete ex- (1814) ………….. Children (287 Fourth Avenue, amples, what the grace and power of New York) is promoting for God can effect in human hearts. They Wurttemberg Bible Insti- the coming year a fourth projare a renewed testimony for the word tution (1812) …….. ect for the children of China. of St. Paul, "God hath chosen the This will consist of portfolios foolish things of the world, that He FRANCE 3,313 prepared by children of Amermight put to shame them that are 7,016 ica in churches, schools and wise." Bible Society of France homes. Each portfolio is to (1864) ………….. contain a message of goodwill; Thirty Million Bibles a Year six attractive pictures to hang Bible Society of Paris on the wall; snapshots of Amer- An impression of the number (1818) ………….. ican children, homes, churches of volumes of Scripture being and schools,' and other pictures annually issued by the Protes- DENMARK 50,249 of American animals, sports tant Bible Societies of America and scenes. The China Departand Europe can be gathered Danish Bible Society .,. ment of Education will distribfrom the figures below. But ute the portfolios among the they do not represent a com- HOLLAND 190,000 public schools of China. plete statement for 1931. The The time for the project extends societies named are those which Netherlands Bible Society to August, 1933, and portfolios publish Christian scriptures and (1815) ………….. 148,691 may now be obtained from the represent, in some measure, a Committee at 60 cents each. national enterprise. Adding to NORWAY 76,071 the figures below to the vol- A fun d for starving and umes iss u e d by commercial Norwegian Bible Society undernourished Chinese chi 1firms and by Roman Catholics, (1816) ………… .. dren is being raised to send with one finds a tremendous total of the portfolios. Five dollars will o v e r 30,000,000 volumes of SWEDEN 25,098 provide 500 meals to be admin- Swedish Bible Society (1809) World's Jewish Population The Jewish Daily Bulletin of April, 1932, publishes statistics concerning the number and dis- tribution of Jews in the world for the year 1931. The 15,- 870,000 in the world are dis- tributed among the continents as follows: Europe …….. . 9,886,000 America ……. . 4,823,000 Asia ……….. . 612,000 Africa ……… . 552,000 Australia ……. . 27,000 [ 51 ]

istered by the China Famine This year they have been cele- spiritual force and helpfulness Relief, U. S. A., and its advisory brating the i r anniversary. of church music in the family committee in Shanghai. In American Reformed C h u r c h life of the nation. Fifty-five 1926-27 thousands of dolls were members early began their sup- cities in ten states were represent to Japan and two million port of foreign missionary work sented by the pastors who offici- Japanese children contributed by sending funds through the ated, and fifteen denominations to send back to America 58 American Board of Commis- of the Protestant faith.

beautiful "doll ambassadors of sioners for Foreign Missions. In – Watchman-Examine?'.

goodwill." In 1928-29 Ameri- 1832 they organized their own can children sent 30,000 Friend- board but continued for twenty- Missionary Talking Picture ship Bags to Mexico and hun- five years to cooperate with the The first missionary "talkie" dreds of thousands of Mexican American Board. Many famous has been produced in Canada. children united to send back 49 missionaries have been sent by It is called "Through China and large exhibits of their school this Church to India, China, Japan." The film affords valuart work. In 1929-30 American Japan and Arabia. Among the able testimony to the efficiency army transports were used to pioneers were the famous Scud- of the work carried on by mistake 28,000 Friendship Treas- der family and the Chamber- sionary societies in China and ure Chests to the Philippines lains of India; David Abeel of Japan. The cinematographer's and thousands of "Thank you" China; Guida F. Verbeck of account of his work at Mukden letters came. back from Filipino Japan; Samuel M. Zwemer and during the Japanese occupation, children. James Cantine of Arabia. The his journey to Peking and to the work of this Church has been Great Wall, his experience at NORTH AMERICA noteworthy for its strength and Hankow with flood refugees and stability rather than for its at Shanghai with refugees from The Florida Chain wide extent. Chapei, are all full of interest. To this film missionaries and Another chain of Missionary The Amoy Mission of China others have added a running Assemblies will be held this commentary with musical acwinter in nine cities under the was founded in 1842; the Arcot companiment. There will be a direction of Mrs. Henry W. Pea- Mission of India in 1853; the silent edition of "Through China body and Miss B. Louise W ood- Japan Mission in 1859; the and Japan" for showing in ford. These assemblies are Arabian Mission in 1889, and places where a talkie is impracscheduled as follows: the United Mission of Meso- ticable. potamia in 1924. The present January 14-18-3acksonville. secretary of the Board is Dr. Lutheran Woman's Society January 18-20-Winter Haven Wm. 1. Chamberlain, a son of January 21-26-Miami. the famous Jacob Chamberlain.

January 25-27-The Palm Beaches. Radio as a Force The Women's Missionary So- ciety of the United Lutheran January 28-February 1- St. Pe- tersburg.

January 29-February 1-Tampa. The religious radio programs, Church supports the mission sponsored by fifty-three city, program of t hat Church in February 1-3-Clearwater. county and state church federa- Africa, China, India, Japan, February 4-8-0rlando. South America, West Indies, February 4-9~Deland. United States and Canada. This organization held its eighth bi- Similar assemblies made a tions and the Federal Council of ennial convention in Baltimore deep impression last winter and Churches, had a weekly distri- last October, and reported a promise similar feasts this year. bution of 364 station periods total membership of 64,643 in Among the speakers announced 31 synodical organizations, with are Dr. Royal J. Dye, who estab- during the first nine months of total receipts for the biennium, lished a Christian home among 1932, an increase of 309 periods July 1, 1930, to June 30, ·1932, primitive Africans where there since 1928. Approximately 280 $888,578.71. There are 29,028 is now a self-governing church life members and 5,447 memowith 870 native missionaries; ministers officiated during the rials, making a total value of Dr. and Mrs. Sam Higginbot- twelve months ending Septem- $403,690 in the life and in metom of Allahabad, India; Dr. ber 1. More than 60,000 copies m 0 ria m memberships. The John McDowell of New York; of radio sermons were sent on thank-offering for the last bien- Dr. Jan e t Miller, author· of request of people in every walk nium amounted to $224,551.88. "Jungles Pre fer red"; and of life, and from all parts of Students Seek Faith others fro m China, Brazil, America. In addition, 50,000 Alaska and various foreign and commendatory letters were rehome mission fields. ceived, among them many seek- ing advice fro m officiating ministers to meet personal prob- lems. More than 1,000 musical Dutch Reformed Missions compositions w ere broadcast. The secretary of the Yale Requests for favorite hymns Christian Association, Fay The Board of Foreign Mis- were received from all parts of Campbell, .is certain that the resions of the Reformed Church the country. Letters have come ligious situation in the colleges in America has had a notable from thousands of shut-ins, and he knows is the most encouraghistory in its century of service. hundreds have testified to the ing since the war. He says:

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

There is a new' spirit abroad in stu- Lowe, Professor Brown of ing services·are held. There is dent circles. The liberalism which Princeton, and Dr. Sladen of the now a modern mission hospital has been fed to the campus gets no Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit. with seventy beds and a good response today. The man who wins On Sunday addresses on the clinic.-Mrs. Fred S. Bennett. the attention of our best minds is Movement were given in thirtyone who has a real creed and knows five churches and during the Pioneering Among Mexican what he believes-and that creed in- week meetings were held at the cludes some positive information Ritz-Carlton Hotel. Farmers about God and Christ, alongside of some clear convictions as to the rev- Members of the Group ex- From a Mexican evangelist olutionary nature of the ethics of plained why they had become comes this account of a visit to Jesus. Students no longer need to be connected with the Movement the village of Ahuacapan: "For told that capitalism and war are and the change that had taken light, we had an old lantern and wicked. They want to hear from a place in their own lives. Prof. an occasional firebrand. The man who can help them to pray and Marshall Brown of Princeton people sat or stood in groups. at the same time train themselves to asked, "Was Jesus C h l' is t Those who had heard the Gosbuild a new world. right?" If He was, then it is up pel before had expectant faces, to us to follow Him without any while others glowered defiantly. -Congregationalist. reservations and to see the thing All sorts of remarks were heard, through with Him. while knives, machetes, and Olmypiad of Religion even firearms were brandished The solution of international, about. At last we started our One of the most successful co- political, and business problems conferencia (lecture). I spoke operative movements ever car- is to be found in Christ, said of the richness which God had ried out in Los Angeles was the Vice-Admiral Sidney Drury- bestowed upon their region, and crusade known as the Olympiad Lowe. This cannot be done, reminded them of the signs of of Religion, promoted by the however, until the individual destruction which was everychurch federation of that city life was surrendered to Christ. where to be seen, due largely to during the Olympic Games, the hatred and envy which prewhen the city entertained over -The Living Church. vail between man and man. Due 400,000 visitors from 50 na- to unwholesome diet, many of tions. The first event was called LATIN AMERICA the people, especially the chilthe Church Roll Call, held dur- dren, were sick. I told them ing three weeks of February, Progress in Santo Domingo that the land which they had reduring which time more than ceived from the former owners 50,000 names of prospects for This Spanish-speaking black would do them no good if they church membership were se- Republic has had a checkered continued hating and stealing cured. This was followed im- career of 440 years. Foreign from one another with no faith mediately by the Personal Work misrule and local rebellions have in themselves or in God. I told Campaign, leading up to Easter prevented development of an them that in their case the only Sunday, during which time more island rich in various woods and remedy was to sow goodness, than 10,000 new members were in agricultural possibilities. and that this can only be done added to the churches. The next Ninety per cent of the native through faith in God. They emphasis was the Pentecost pe- population are illiterate. asked us not to leave them, but riod, during which time hun- to show them how to lead a dreds were add e d to the In 1915 the Rev. Philo W. Christian life." churches and scores of sermons Drury of Puerto Rico visited on "The Ministry of the Holy the Dominican Republic, and his -Congregationalist. Spirit" were preached by co- report of the physical, mental operating pastors. The greatest and spiritual needs of the peo- Outbreak in Costa Rica event was the series of union ple bore fruit. A more extenevangelistic meetings conducted sive survey was made in 1919, A little evangelical church in through the period of the Olym- and later an interdenomina- Santa Barbara, Costa Rica, has pic Games, and the final event tional body was formed, made been steadily gaining ground, was a great union vesper serv- up of representatives of the Na- a fact which disturbed an unice in the Hollywood Bowl, seat- tional Mission Boards of the usually intolerant Spa n ish ing 22,000, on Sunday night, Presbyterian, Methodist E:rris- priest; and last summer a con- August 21. copal and U nit e d Brethren certed attempt was made to de- Churches. stroy this work. A mob of some -Federal Council Bulletin. 300 came directly out of Mass, With the exception of two or battered down doors and win- Oxford Groups in Canada three Dominicans, the Church dows and fired several shots. A work has all been carried by detachment of police agents, A team of thirty-three men Puerto Ricans, men of pioneer looking for moonshiners, came and women representing the type; not one of them but has along at the critical moment and Oxford Group Movement has faced hostility and even danger prevented murder. Since the created a deep impression in as he has preached the Gospel authorities had intervened, an Montreal. The visitors included of Christ. Seven churches have investigation was instituted. Dr. Frank N. Buchman, the been organized, and there are Rev. S. M. Shoemaker, Jr., New many outstations where preach- Yo l' k, Vice-Admiral Drury-

The serious thing is that while "comeback" of the Church is sor of the Prague University the authorities protest their de- prayer and action-action in the adds that a further 800,000 have termination to maintain the lib- form of benevolence. No church separated fro m the Roman erty of worship which the Con- is without its soup-kitchen, Catholic Church and constituted stitution concedes, there are clothes exchange, relief commit- a Reformed National Catholic indications that they resent hav- tee. Christian benevolent agen- Church-a so r t of halfway ing to take sides against the cies have gone back to the old house to Protestantism. Old Catholic Church. The following monastic procedure of taking in prejudices against Protestant- Sunday President Jimenez sup- the poor and the wretched. No ism prevent large numbers of plied protection while services man is sent away hungry, and ex-Romanists from going the were h e I d in perfect quiet, no hostile propaganda has been whole way.-Alliance Weekly.

thereby furnishing a precedent able to get around this fact.

that resulted in a strengthening The answer to prayer finds its Armenians in Athens of the evangelical cause, not expression in the largely in- In fourteen different localities only in Santa Barbara but else- creased evangelistic w 0 r k of in and about Athens, five Bible where. women are at work among Ar- -Latin American Evangelist. German Protestant churches. menians, who come from widely There is now a discernible move- separated reg ion s of Asia For the Girls of Peru ment back to the churches, and a very considerable decrease in Minor. There is no church, and A new high schol in Lima, re- the number of withdrawals. no school for children, but the cently opened by the Methodist Bible woman advises the women, -Presbyterian Banner.

Woman's Foreign Mission So- Religious Liberty Under Il Duce comforts them, rejoices with ciety, is the only Protestant them, leading them out of their school for girls in Peru. Among The General Director of the distress into a spirit of overcomother courses offered is one in Spezia Mission for Italy, Rev. ing faith. The Greek neighbors domestic science, an innovation H. H. Pullen, has received from are often invited in, and three in Peru. A two-year commer- II Duce confirmation of the fact such h a ve learned to know cial course is offered; there are that, though the new laws of Christ. A busy dressmaker lays also physics and chemistry lab- Italy permit Roman Catholic aside her work for two hours oratories, a large gymnasium, priests to teach for one hour each Wednesday to attend the club room, library, and play- each week in the public elemen- meetings. This work was cut ground. The new building oc- tary and secondary schools in 50% last winter. cupies a site of 5,000 square Italy, this concession does not met e r s. Excellent relations hold in the universities: that -Congregationalist.

exist between the Peruvian edu- Protestants have the right to AFRICA cational authorities and the demand that where, for lack of Opportunity in Egypt management of the Lima High a Protestant school, their chil- School and favorable comment dren must attend the public, All around Shebeen, owing to has been made in the press on communal or national schools the work of the Christian hosthe fact that Bible study courses they may be completely ex- pital, doors are wide open and are offered. empted from the priest's hour there is a ready hearing for the -Christian Advocate. of teaching: and that no child Gospel message. Bilbeis is the is allowed to suffer in the ex- first town in Egypt proper on aminations, or to be held back the old caravan route fro m EUROPE in any way from promotion, be- Syria, and was the first to meet Action Against Atheism cause he or she has not been the Moslem hordes, who be- German churches wage con- receiving Roman Catholic reli- seiged and took it. The Crustant warfare against aggres- gious teaching. In the schools saders on two occasions massive atheism, sweeping across of the Spezia Mission fullest lib- sacred many of the villagers. from Moscow. Atheistic organ- erty is allowed for daily sys- These events produced bitter izations find that the sort of tematic Bible teaching. hatred of Christianity. Every -Beyond Alpine Snows. Thursday at the market meetpublicity popular in Russia is unsuited to the German temper- Gains in Czecho-Slovakia ing, we see an exhibition of it. ament. Caricatures of Biblical Thus it was twenty years ago, characters, of God, of Christ The secretary of the Evan- and still it is today. and of His Mother, burlesques gelical Continental Soc i e t y At Ismailia station the playof church services and assaults writes that "nowhere has Prot- ground of the boys' school was on sacred festivals not only estantism gained such ground crowded, so that it was hard to failed to win recruits from the as in Czecho-Slovakia, with the find seats for the four hundred German bourgeoisie, but even Protestant Dr. Masaryk as who were present. There were tend to defeat their own pur- President of the State. Since many Moslems among them, pose, with the result that such the Armistice 200,000 h a v e and we praised God. manifestations have noticeably joined the Hussite Church of -Egypt General Mission lessened. The most effective the Czech Brethren." A profes- News.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The League and Liberia things have become new. Jesus, church service, including hymns, amen! To Thee be all the glory! I prayers and sermon. They are A plan recommended by a believe in the whole Bible, and I am eloquent, and when truly saved League of Nations committee ready to serve my Saviour anywhere. make ideal wayside preachers for the Republic of Liberia con- because of their cogent reasontains broad enough authority to Your young brother, ing. They are trustworthy, they permit the foreign adviser to are inexpensive, and often have eliminate alleged conditions of BALLA. a real longing for spreading the slavery in the Negro republic Gospel among those who have and otherwise put the country -Alliance Weekly. not heard it. on a stable basis. Reopening 0 f Spanish Guinea Student Evangelists in Rhodesia The Fin a n c e Corporation holds a contract undertaken in After a lapse of eight years, Seven students and one teach- 1926 to finance the government during which there was no mis- er of Mount SiIinda Institute of Liberia, presumably in re- sion activity in Spanish Guinea, spent some of their vacation in turn for the rubber concession. this region was reentered the evangelistic journeys. In Chief past summer by Rev. and Mrs. Ziiki's territory they found peo- The new plan provides that J oseph McNeill, Presbyterian ple begging that their schools the foreign adviser is to be ap- workers in the Cameroun. So might be opened again. They pointed by the Council of the far this new work has the full talked with about 2,000, and 149 League and will receive from approbation of the Spanish Re- professed conversion. S 0 m e the Liberian Government full pUblican Government, in which traveled in Portuguese terriauthority to administer the gov- a number of cabinet positions tory, and in Rhodesia talked ernment, and if a dispute should are occupied by men who recog- with 1,800; 83 professed conarise his judgment would pre- nize the value of a strong evan- version. Teacher Thompson vail pending an appeal to the gelical ferment in the Spanish and Nvowana had hard work League of Nations. world. finding the homes in the tall grass. They ran with their For purposes of administra- Under date of August 12, Mr. arms over their heads to protion Liberia is to be divided into McNeill writes: tect them from the grass, never three provinces, each to be ad- knowing when they would run ministered by a Provincial Com- The missionaries of two genera- into a buffalo or elephant, for missioner designated by the tions never saw the like of the day their district was full of these League Council and approved that is ours. They prayed for it and wild animals. by the President of the Repub- it has fully come. No obstacle is belic of Liberia. ing put in our way. Formerly hin- -Missionary Herald. tdhreancoenslyaplipmeiatraetdionfrsomarewistuhcohut·~snowwe From T oma Forest ourselves impose. Villages are wide open calling for catechists and teach- Balla Bea is a young man ers. For the time being we can send from Toma Forest, that south- volunteers from the Cameroun, but ern corner of French Guinea such an expedient must necessarily where darkness reigns supreme. After the missionary's arrival be temporary only. Being Cameroun Moslems in South Africa men they know no Spanish. We must last year, he attended every train the youth of Spanish Guinea The presence of 49,000 Mosservice, made diligent inquiry, itself. That is the immediate task of lems in the Union of South today. Africa, 25,000 of whom are gave his heart to the Master. concentrated in Cape Province Recently, a native evangelist Afrir:ans Organize Mission alone, justifies the description wrote a letter of encourage- of that Province as "the southment, asking him to meditate Negro Christians of the Cam- ern outpost of I s I a m," and upon 1 John 2: 3-6. In reply, eroun have organized a foreign makes it "an important strate- Balla Bea wrote the following mission society for the evangel- gic point in the conflict between ization of interior tribes. Most Mohammed and Christ for the testimony: of the Cameroun churches are soul of Africa." A Moslem self-supporting. In a country writer of Capetown declares where no one dared venture five that "the final struggle between miles from home at night before DEAR BROTHER: the Gospel came, representa- Christianity and Islam will take Here are a few words in reply to tives of eleven 0 n c e hostile place in Africa." your letter concerning 1 John 2: 3-6. I believe that the Lord Jesus Christ tribes met to organize this mis- Where ignorance is so dense, died for me, and that He saved me sionary society. the difference between the two by dying on the cross of Calvary. I religions is confusing, the more want to serve and obey Him. I be- Native African evangelists so because terms are strangely lieve with all my heart that I am are especially adapted to piosaved, and that He loves me, and I love Him also with all my heart. I neer work. They can travel up intermixed. The Moslems talk believe that He is soon coming to to forty-five miles a day with of "our Church" rather than take me with Him in the clouds. I ease-three times the limit of the mosque, a meeting of Malay the white missionary. They women in the mosque is called have believed in the Lord Jesus have wonderful memories and a "Bible class," and they give Christ, and I am saved. I believe that I was dead in my faults and sins, can recall family history thirty- each other "Christmas presbut now I am a new creature. Old ents." Only in Capetown is things have passed away, and all five generations back. They can Christian work among Moslems recite from memory the whole

attempted. There is the Mission mile. Their shacks are made INDIA of the Dutch Reformed, also the from old packing cases, the sides Anglican Mission, which has of Standard oil tins and pieces Student Greetings to China operated at intervals since 1848. of sacking. Many roofs are per- When Dr. E. Stanley Jones Greater results are anticipated forated and give glimpses of the left Lucknow for China, he bore from a recent conference of sky above. One is astonished to the following message from the workers among Moslems, called see how much they can do with students of Lucknow College: by the Archbishop of Capetown. next to nothing. Some make "To the students of China: This conference was mostly de- very usable combs out of old "On behalf of the students of fensive in its aim to see what camel bones. Lucknow Christian College we could be done to overcome the The children present one of send you greetings. We have lapsing of the poorer sort of the most acute problems of the watched with interest the strugcolored Christian to Islam. It camp. There are about 4,500 gle which you are making for was agreed that the essential children of school age in the the emancipation of your coundifferences between the two re- Beirut camp. Of these 3,000 are try and we wish to assure you ligions should be brought out in schools, there being accom- of our prayers and sympathy. for the use of teachers and that modation for only this number. It is a time when the youth of every opportunity should be The whole situation is unthink- the world should unite and take t a ken in adolescent Sunday able for a time of peace. a firm stand against the evils schools to set these differences which hinder the highest develclearly before the children. Students Work in Summer opment of personality. Let us -The Mission Field. The Junior College for Women unite in our opposition to war, at Beirut has felt for some time race prejudice, unjust distribu- WESTERN ASIA t hat a further contribution tion of wealth and other social could be made to the life of the inj ustices and try to make this IIDad Pays" in Turkey country by initiating some so- world a better place to live cial project in the villages to be where world brotherhood and Walking 15 to 20 miles, sleep- carried out during the summer Christian ideals will be pracing on hard beds, eating only by college students. The past ticed. bread for breakfast and lunch summer for the first time it was with perhaps s 0 m e soup at possible to accomplish such a "Kindly convey to the Chrisnight, earning 25 cents a day of project. During the year the tian Student Movement in China which 12 goes into food-that is students raised funds which, greetings of the Student Christhe way many of the boys in the with gifts, were used to finance tian Association of In d i a, American School at Talas, Tur- Burma and Ceylon." key, get an education. When a summer vacation school in the the father can find work he Metawali village of Bint Jubail -Christian Advocate. makes about 25 cents daily-a in the Sidon field. The school laborer's pay. This just about combined the features of a Changing India feeds the family. If the son's Daily Vacation Bible School and books cost 75 cents-well, it a health school. Several girls The unique, unparalleled opmeans the student is pretty con- volunteered their services as portunity that now confronts tinually on the edge of hunger. teachers. The village chosen for the Christian forces at work in Of course, there are some well India is the natural fruition of dressed boys in the school who the work has a primary school a century and a half of work. loaf through the summer. They of sorts for boys, but no educado not know what an education tional facilities for girls. Sani- In places where ten years ago costs, says the Rev. Paul E. Nil- tary conditions are unbelievably the mention of the name of son, any more than many lads Christ in a public gathering in America who go to school or bad. The life of the women is brought forth hisses, now men college-and "Dad pays." little better than that of the and women sit by the hour, rev- beasts of burden. erently listening to the frankest presentation of His message. The program of the school in- Jesus Christ has proven Him- Refugees in Syria cluded a Bible period, hygiene self to thousands who have and reading lessons, a song made the vital discovery of His Although it is fourteen years hour, supervised play and some power through self-surrender.

since the World War ended and handicraft. A I tho ugh four Men and women all over India great numbers of Armenians weeks was but a short time, the are, in these days of change and were driven into Syria, thou- mothers' pride in their clean agitation, faced with new spir- sands are still living in camps. and shining children was grati- itual needs and are realizing the About 30,000 depend on casual fying to see. The project served inadequacy of the old sources of labor; about 15,000 depend on two important ends. It brought power. For all classes Christ charity. In the Beirut area some of the Syrian girls into appears increasingly as the one alone are 25,000 refugees, the contact with the needs in their hopeful source of light and life.

cam p population being esti- country, and it began a worth Mass movements which sev- mated at 15,000, living upon an while work in Bint Jubail. enty-five years ago began among area of a fourth of one square -Syria News Quarterly. the depressed classes of central

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

southern India, in spite of the Prison-gate homes, women's homes, been reached that is acceptable resentment of high caste Brah- and beggars' homes are all meeting a to all parties. The British commins, have now stretched their need. Naval and military homes pro- munal reward gives the "Un~ power right up through to the vide a "home away from home" for touchables" separate electorates many men of the Empire on duty. top of the social structure. Within the last ten years, fully Scripture portions and sacred songs and representation. They are ten thousand high caste Brah- have been translated by Army officers given a voice in the Government mins have come into the Chris- who are excellent linguists. but not as a part of the general electorate. -Indian Witness.

tian Church and other thou- Mysore City Occupied SIAM sands press forward for teach- ing. An early missionary to The Ceylon and India General Siamese IIPoreign" Missionaries India said that he would as soon Mission has added Mr. and Mrs. expect to see the sun stand as to Neilson to the staff of Moslem An ordained Siamese evangelsee a Brahmin become a Chris- workers. They have spent al- ist has gone with his wife and tian. most a year studying Urdu and four young children to settle as otherwise seeking to fit them- foreign missionaries among a The Bible, and particularly selves for the work. They will group that had' sent a call to the New Testament, is being enter Mysore City in January, Pre s b y t e ria n missionaries. read in hundreds of thousands North S i a m Presbytery reof non-Christian Indian homes. where they will endeavor not sponded by ordaining two men There is a vastly larger reading only to catch up the threads of as evangelists. The one, who public in India today than there the abandoned w 0 r k among has gone with his family, will was ten years ago. women, but will begin work teach, preach and baptize while among Mohammedan men. My- his family will open a school for When the Gospel has changed sore City is a strategic center children. The second evangelist the character of their social life, has already completed a five millions of India's sons and for Moslem work. It has a Mos- months' tour of one district. daughters will turn to Christ. lem community of from forty to Already there is a Christian fifty thousand, and from it other Church 6,000,000 strong and larger Moslem communities can CHINA growing steadily. It has a be reached. South India has in standing and pervasive influence utterly disproportionate to all 4,000,000 Mohammedans. The Bible in the Revolution its relatively insignificant size. -Darkness and Light. Very largely because the Bible -GLENN B. OGDEN, of Kas- Moslems Reject New Accord was translated into the vernacu- ganj. The agreement on communal lar a revolution in the Chinese language has taken place. The representation in the proposed Salvation Army, 1882-1932 spread of Scripture teaching has All-India Federation, reached brought about a revolution in In 1882, a small party of by a number of Moslem, Hindu the ancient religions of the land. British Salvation Army work- and Sikh Nationalist leaders, Here is an instance of real revers were appointed to India. was unanimously repudiated by olution. Near the cradle of Aft e r persecution, imprison- the working committee of the China's civilization a group of ment and many discourage- All-India Moslem Conference, peasant Christians are challengments the fifty years just com- the council of the All-India Mos- ing red communism with a manpleted have yielded a victorious lem League and the working ner of life that resembles the harvest. committee of the J amiat-Ulema, early a p 0 s t 0 I i c experiment.

Hundreds of thousands of converts representing the orthodox Mo- They are seeking to be led by the have been led to abandon their super- Holy Spirit; each member of hammedans. A series of resolu- the group is to read, study and stitions and practices, and have be- tions reiterated the loyalty of come earnest Christians and efficient Salvation soldiers. Whole villages the Moslems to the British plan act on the teachings of the Bible. have been converted and heathen temples and household gods have been for the communal award. No vows are taken and no one destroyed. Pandit Malaviya, H i n d u, is asked to come unless he is led by the Spirit. The men work in Salvation has been brought to the champion of the Untouchables, criminal tribes, the most desperate has sought to settle the differ- the fields, tilling and irrigating and degraded criminals of India. ences between the Moslem, the land; the women carryon Farm colonies, land settlements and Hindu and Sikh political fac- domestic duties. The children village banks are helping the indus- tions. are all being educated together, trious to an improved social position. and all join in supporting the The Moslems seem prepared Hospitals and dispensaries are do- ing much for the diseased and dying. to accept the solution of the bright boy or girl for higher Boarding schools and day schools problem proposed by Prime education without questioning Minister MacDonald, "despite whose he may be. So cordial are fitting the young for futures of and so sincere is the atmosphere increased usefulness, both as citizens its defects, as no further prog- and Salvation Army soldiers.

Leper Settlements are prolonging ress toward responsible govern:" in these village communes that life, or alleviating suffering, and bringing hope into the lives of some ment appears possible except on everyone admires the simple that basis." This seems to in- practicability of 0 u r Lord's of the most needy of the world's sorrowing ones. dicate that no agreement has principles. The groups are mul-

tiplying. Their only rule is to Drug Evil Flourishes change i15 less than four thou- read and study the Bible under During recent years the opium sand dollars gold, but considerthe guidance of the Holy Spirit, situation has gone from bad to ing the grade of life in this land and to act according to His lead- worse, due to the disturbed state and comparative money values, ership. They are finding that of the country. War lords must it is worth more than fifteen for themselves the word of God have money to pay their troops, thousand dollars gold in Ameris sufficient to meet their prob- and opium is one of the most ica. This man is a well-to-do lems. They are practicing a profitable crops on earth. The merchant of Yaowan, an outcommunism not of taking but of Chinese doctor, Wu Rien Teh, station. giving, not of force but of love. an expert on this question, esti- mated the production of native He was baptized twelve years -Christian Advocate. opium in all China in 1930 to ago. For years he has had daily be 12,000 tons, an enormous family prayers. The employees New Chinese Hymnal quantity. Opium, morphia and in his shop are present at this heroin are mostly manufactured daily service and are taught the Six denominations are coop- in Europe, smuggled on board great truths of the Gospel. A erating to produce a hymnal to ship, and conveyed to the Far number of them have been won be used in common by the Chris- East. They are sold chiefly by to Christ and have been baptians of China. They are the unprincipled foreigners who are tized. His is the only large shop Methodist Episcopal Church, the protected by extraterritoriality. in Yaowan that is closed on Sun- Methodist Episcopal C h u r c h, In 1930 the Chinese Customs in days. It is largely through his South, the Protestant Episcopal Shanghai seized 10,000 ounces contributions that the Yaowan Church, the Baptist Church, the of morphia and 14,000 ounces church, with ninety-four mem- Congregational Church, and the of heroin, probably only a frac- bers, has been able to call a pas- Presbyterian Church. The ~ e tion of the amounts smuggled tor and assume his full support. churches include about 80 per through. In the autumn of that cent of the Christians in China. year on one steamer which ar- -Missionary Survey. At present, each group has its rived at Shanghai from Conown hymnal, comprising about Efforts in West China 2,000 hymns. The task of the stantinople there was discovered Hymnal Committee is to select by the customs officials nearly In addition to the steady adabout 500 suitable hymns for vance among Tibetan tribes in the new collection 200 pounds of heroin, while a West China and among Chi- few days later on another steam- nese and tribespeople in Sze- chwan and Kweichow, there has Cholera Kills 150,000 er they found 1,200 pounds of come to the Christian and Mis- morphia and heroin. It is the sionary Alliance an urgent call In the five months from May most profitable trade on earth, from South China for missionto September 150,000 Chinese and fabulous sums are made by ary reinforcements to aid in the died of cholera, the dread dis- international gangs who manu- evangelization of 3,000,000 ease that has scourged China in facture it secretly in various tribespeople in widely scattered the worst epidemic since 1919. parts of Europe and export it to areas in Kwangsi. Two mis- The epidemic this year was not the East. sionaries and a Chinese preach- unexpected. Dr. J. H. Jordan, The League of Nations Anti- er made an itinerating trip of British Commissioner of Public Narcotic Commission is doing nearly 2,000 Ii (665 miles) with- Health of the Shanghai Interna- its best to root out and destroy out seeing a Gospel chapel. tional Settlement, last winter, this awful trade. Among the Tung tribespeople predicted that the cholera toll in -Evangelical Christian. there is one missionary family for work in an area covering the summer would be heavy. Land Given for Church more than 20,000 square miles. According to Dr. Jordan the dis- In French Indo-China, in spite ease runs in cycles. Not long ago Mr. Liang Chin of shortage of funds, mission- Chen presented to Kiang-pei aries plan to go forward with The estimate of 150,000 deaths Presbytery a tract of goo d renewed effort. this year is considered conservative. It is believed that at least farm land worth fifteen thou- -Alliance Weekly. 500,000 Chinese throughout the sand dollars, Mexican, to be used country contracted the fever, for the Lord's work. He says Effective Testimony and that the mortality rate was that this land is given wholly to at least 30 per cent. In some the Lord Jesus Christ for use A deaf and dumb man who areas the mortality was reported by His Church, and stipulates can read and write a little wrote as virtually 100 per cent. It is that the presbytery shall see to five sentences in large characpossible that nearer 250,000 it that the whole income from ters, and by means of motions persons were swept away the gift shall always be used for and facial expressions explains through this cause, but statis- the glory of God and the salva- each sentence as he points to it: tics in China are nebulous. The tion of men through the redemp- I have no sin; Shanghai International Settle- tion of Jesus Christ. Fifteen I do not worship idols; Jesus is my Saviour; ment suffered a lighter toll than thousand dollars, Mexican, at On earth I am dumb; in past epidemics. In heaven I shall speak. the present abnormally high ex-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

JAPAN-CHOSEN lem. What will be the future holing individuals, and "fishing"

Rural Work Among Farmers of Japan if this state of affairs for invitations to their villages. is allowed to continue for any This year for the last twelve Rev. S. M. Erickson, Presby- length of time? What it is to Sundays I have been out in the terian missionary in Kagawa go without a meal, every adult country among the churches Province, writes of his field knows. If proper food is neces- continuously. In a Ford car we which comprises 92 and the 182 sary for adults, it is more so for can go out 30 miles, baptize, districts in this province. Most children. Poor food will hamper preach, hold communions and of the people are farmers, and the growth, both physical and other meetings for four hours in according to an American news- spiritual, of children. For edu- one place; then we go on to anpaperman visiting Kagawa, are cation to be effective, school other church ten miles away fifty years behind Tokyo. There children should be in proper and do it all over again. It was is very little public opinion. The physical condition. Education not so thirty years ago.

local Buddhist and S h i n t 0 does nothing for underfed chil- -CHARLES ALLEN CLARK, priests are, as a rule, of course, dren. There is talk of improv- in Presbyterian Banner.

anti-Christian. Often the school ing educational methods. Imteachers are also opposed to proved methods will not help Developing Future Leaders Christianity. The young people while the children are suffering Union Christian Coli e g e, from undernourishment." Pyengyang, Korea, is under conhave very few places for clean amusement. 0 n e missionary Roman Catholic Statistics trol of the five Presbyterian misgives his time to work with sions at work in that country. school children. He has a motor According to the latest statis- Of the 171 students enrolled in car and takes his native helper tics there were in 1931 in all the Liberal Arts and Agriculwith him. They take their places Japan 96,323 Roman Catholics. tural departments, 140 are bapin the road near the school at More than half of this number is tized church members. They noon recess and give the chil- in the diocese of Nagasaki. come from 29 middle schools in dren tracts. Sometimes a large There are 198 missionaries and twelve of the thirteen provinces. number of children will linger; 63 native priests. There are Nine of this year's 22 graduates these are taught a Bible verse 224 students now in the semi- entered the theological semiand a Christian song which is naries. In the mission brother- nary; four entered universities; printed on the tracts. They are hoods there are 116 natives and five are teaching and the others told that if they are interested 230 native sisters. they may send a post card to the are in business. The graduates missionary's home, and that he -Die Katkolischen Mis- of the college total 251, of whom will send them more reading sionen. 35 are ministers of the Gospel matter. Over two thousand chil- and evangelists; 54 theological dren have forwarded cards. Thirty Years Growth in Korea and university students; 67 are principals, professors and teach- Good results have followed Thirty years ago, when we ers; 68 in other professions; village work and a few have landed in Korea, there were but nine are farmers and 18 are debeen baptized. Several groups 5,796 communicants in all of the ceased. have been formed for Bible Presbyterian churches of the reading.-Missionary Herald. country. Last year there were Daily contact in classroom 94,728. The infant church has and laboratory, in chapel and Starving Children grown to 20 times the size in extracurricular activities, and in personal interviews g i v e s one generation. The Ministry of Education There was not one elder in all great opportunities to missionfixes the number of underfed Korea when we landed. Today aries in multiplying their efforts Japanese children of school age there are 2,120. Only one short manyfold in the developing of as 200,000, but a Tokyo daily two months' session of the theo- strong Christian character. The thinks the number is far in ex- logical seminary had been held 18 city churches and the near-by cess of this. The Nicki-Nicki in 1902. Since then we have non-Christian villages furnish a cites a government report to the graduated about 600 men, and field in which most of these stueffect that the more fortunate 429 are still in active service as dents are working as Sundayof the school children in the pastors. school teachers, C. E. leaders, island eat dumplings and Indian When I first took charge of night school teachers and piocorn for lunch, and that many the territory east of Seoul, there neer group directors. children cannot attend school were only three Presbyterian -C. F. BERNHEISEL.

because their parents are too churches in my territory, which For Neglected Children poor to provide food for them. was 50 miles wide and went 200 The paper points out: miles to the sea. The only way For street waifs, and down "The poor physical condition to establish churches then was and outers unable to attend of school children is a serious to "walk the five-day markets'" school, Pioneer Clubs were orproblem. It is not one for the with the peddlers, spreading out ganized in Pyengyang a few Ministry of Education alone to our books along wit h their years ago, and have been maintackle. It is a national proh- wares, preaching and button- tained successfully. What they

have done for these children of ligion. In nature what is an- talks with staff members about disadvantage can never be esti- cient and decayed retreats be- personal matters; attending vol- mated. Revival meetings have fore pitiless youth. In spiritual untary classes to discuss the been held. An annual song and life the position is the same. To Bible, the church or Christian story contest was held for three isolate Bali from the cultural work. A Student Union church hours before an assembled mul- life outside is impossible." has grown up, with an average titude. The first class of six has -Dutch News Bureau. attendance of 150, and an out- been graduated and an alumni Quezon Makes Appeal reach program for the com- association organized. Its first munity.

move was to buy tracts and go The Hon. Manuel Quezon, po- -National Christian Counout preaching. Some parents of litical leader of the Philippines, cil Bulletin. poor children have tried to move and reared a Roman Catholic, their homes near enough for issued a ringing evangelistic ap- West Borneo Unreached their children to attend one of peal to his countrymen on his these clubs. fifty-fourth birthday. "It is British North Borneo and precisely in the spirit of Christ, Sarawak have for some years But the police department properly practiced," said he, had missionaries at work. Three thinking that they too closely re- "that humanity will find its sal- years ago Christian Alliance semble schools to be allowed to vation from the menace that missionaries and workers of the continue, the movement will t h rea ten s civilization. Give Chinese For e i g n Missionary have to go forward under an- bread to the hungry, clothe the Union opened several stations other name with an altered pro- naked, practice charity-these along the east coast and at three gram. Henceforth it will be the are simple doctrines, but, if fol- points have penetrated the in- Children's Bible S c h 001 of lowed, will give us the desired terior; but along the west coast Korea, and all teaching will be remedy. The Philippines is a the only agency, the Methodist centered upon the Bible itself. Christian nation and if our peo- Mission, had to retrench and a ple follow the path of the Man few years ago retired complete- -Korea Mission Field. of Galilee, they need feel no con- ly. Mr. and Mrs. J. G. Bren- cern for the future. Let him nan are carrying on the only ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC who has much give generously Protestant work in West Bor- to the needy. Let him who is neo. Since their arrival five In the Isle of Bali first be the last. This is the years ago they have led 800 spirit of Christianity and this Dyaks to Christ, and this in the The island of Bali, East In- spirit should be the corner stone face of government opposition, dian Archipegalo, and well of all institutions. Herein we which was eventually overcome. known to tourists, has a primi- shall find true democracy, real A large portion of this field is tive isolation which is fostered liberty, sincere brotherhood of still untouched. by its Dutch rulers, especially man. Here, too, is the solution in regard to cultural and reli- of labor problems, which are the -Alliance Weekly. gious influence. Recently this problems of our age." attitude has been condemned by New Zealand Methodists the Indian press. The Handels- -Christian Century. blad, of Soerabaja, devotes two Ten years ago the New Zealeading articles to this question, Cebu Christian Center land Methodist Church assumed in which it is argued that the responsibility for missionary gods of Bali are dying gods and Twelve years ago a young work in the Solomon Islands that Bali is waiting for what Filipino ret urn e d from the previously carried on by the Netherlands has to give in the United States full of good ideas Methodist Missionary Society of sphere of religion and culture. and a Christian spirit. He Australasia. Within this time The Nieuws van den Dag, of poured his energy and influence medical work has been devel- Netherlands, India, expresses into a new project, and the Cebu oped, the work of boats and itself still more strongly. A Student Christian Center is the launches has expanded. The leading article in its number of result. From 300 to 500 people number of workers, both native August 4 states that Hinduism utilize the Center, now housed and European, has more than in Bali has become quite petri- in a 50,000 pes 0 building. doubled. Comparative figures fied, that the dewas are dying Thirty-two societies hold regu- supply the story of progress: gods and that there is absolutely no reason why Christian mis- 1922 1932 18 sions should only be admitted to lar business meetings there. European workers … 8 While people wait for their 174 the island when the other reli- Catechists and native gion evidences dec a y. "It meeting to begin, the Director teachers ………. 74 StlBms to us," writes the news- and three church officers talk to Native local preachers 67 140 Native class leaders .. 58 112 paper, "a hyena conception to them about Christ. 142 place Christianity in the posi- On any day young people may Day schools ……… 65 169 tion of only feeling itself at Day school teachers.. 90 6,134 be see n meeting for daily Native members ….. 3,406 home in the churchyards of cul- prayers, or studying, reading Attendants at public ture. This is not the history of magazines, u sin g reference worship ………. 7,870 11,810 Christianity or of any other re- book:;, Bibleg; having intimate -Malaysia Messa.qe.

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Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information : I ~, _ _ _ _ _ _—-,",~——~=,-"==-"""""'~======——————-,"–"-_ _'~'

A Century of Faith. By Rev. Charles the wide range of work and the the Christian ministry. There richness of material it contains. he went through a period of re- L. White, D.D., with an Introduc- tion by President Austen Kennedy They include: ligious doubt but finally entered de Blois. 8 vo. 320 pp. The Jud- the Church of England and be- The Spiritual Conquest of a Conti- gan to work among the poor of son Press. Philadelphia. 1932. London, taking for his motto the nent It is sometimes said that for- BiSrtohcieotfy a National Home Mission "Golden Rule." His health sufeign missions are more interest- The Wise Men of the West fered and he returned to Cam- bridge as a teacher, but in 1904, ing than home missions because The Receding Frontier at the age of thirty-three, felt of the element of romance in The Voices of Past Heroes them. Distance lends enchant- WIinnndiinagnsthe First Americans-the called to go as an Anglican misment to foreign missions,-fa- The Negro at the Door of Oppor- sionary to India to work in the Cambridge mission at Delhi. miliarity breeds contempt for tunity Here he formed an intimate home missions. Evangelism friendship with a Mohammedan If you mean by romance a tale and a Hindu. His sympathies of fiction that has no foundation TBheyeoNndewtheFrNonattiieornal Borders broadened his views, and love, Fraternal and Corporate Relationin fact, then there is no romance manifesting the Spirit of Christ, either in foreign or home mis- ships became the expression of his resions, for they both are founded ligion. He left the mission and A Master Builder of the Denominaon facts and have to do with tre- wit h Samuel Stokes, Brother mendous realities. But, if you In~i~rble Harvests Western and Sad h u Sundar mean by romance that element Singh formed a new order of Yesterday and Tomorrow St. Francis, called the "Brotherof unusual interest that gives hood of the Imitation of Jesus." scope to imagination, that dash Appendix and Index. They went about caring for the of chivalry that stirs admira- sick and poor until the shorttion, that spirit of adventure While Dr. White has written lived order was broken up. For that awakens the heroic within the history of the missionary a year Andrews went to South us, then there is all the romance enterprise of his own denomina- Africa to help the Indian comin home missions that one could tion, including the history of the munity, and there became a desire. American Baptist Home Mis- close friend of Mr. Gandhi. On sion Society, which is celebrat- his return to India he became To realize this, one has but to ing its 100th Anniversary this associated wit h Rabindranath read "A Century of Faith," by year, he has given us also a fund Tagore, the Indian poet and Dr. Charles L. White. This is of information that will be help- member of the Brahma Somaj. a cross section of one hundred ful to all students of home mis- While remaining an Anglican years of home missions as car- sions. In tracing the developried on by the Northern Baptist ments of home missions in one communicant, Andrews gave up Convention, and is a splendid il- g rea t denomination, he has his office as an Anglican priest lustration of the romantic and made a valuable contribution to feeling that he could no longer heroic in home missions. the literature of home missions subscribe to the Thirty-nine Ar- . Dr. White was for many years Ibnoogkenbeeralr.eaNd obtyonelvyesrhyouBldaptthiisst ticles and the Book of Common general secretary of the Board but it should be read by all stu- Prayer. He j 0 in e d Tagore's of Home Missions of the North- dents of home missions. Santiniketan Ashram in Bengal, ern Baptist Church, and for six years president of the Home WILLIAM R. KING. where he is now professor in the Missions Council of which he International University. Was a member for a score of What lOwe to Christ. By C. F. years. He has had unusual op- Here is only the bare skeleton portunity to know home mis- Andrews. 12 mo. 281 pp. $1.50. of Mr. Andrew's experience. sions, having been in the very Abingdon Press. New York. 1932. The flesh and blood and spirit heart of the enterprise for so make up the substance of his many years. Not only does Dr. Here is a notable spiritual life story. It is interesting, White write with wide informa- autobiography of Charles Freer stimulating reading and one tion of his subject, but he writes Andrews. He was born in Eng- cannot fail to admire the man's with a ready pen and beauty of land, the son of a fer v en t spirit even though not always diction. preacher of the "Catholic Apos- tolic Church," founded by Ed- The twenty chapters indicate ward Irving. The son was soundly converted as a lad and in 1890 went to Pembroke Col- lege Cambridge, to prepare for [61 J

convinced by his method of by philosophers and theologians, in is to go into all the world and reasoning. He claims to adhere its popular versions it denotes a fun- preach the Gospel to every creato the "Universal Religion" and damentally human aspiration; to go ture. Not only to the extent to desires to follow Christ wholly. back to the mystery of our origins in which the Church performs her The lack seems to be in his fail- order to discover their first cause, to evangelistic duty will the call ure to see the necessity for a surprise in His work Him who reach every individual of the spiritual rebirth for all, accom- creates, preserves, or destroys all life. race." "The fact that we are panied by a full surrender to All is in all. The source of life is favored with the Gospel should Christ and open confession of one; the multiple comes from the be an incentive to do our utmost Him as Saviour and Lord. sole. What in short characterizes to bring the call to men every- Hinduism is its definitely monothe- where." Asiatic Mythology: A Detailed De- istic tendency under the pantheism of scription and Explanation of the its conceptions. When the Lord's Supper is Mythologies of all the Great Na- presented the discussion is rig- tions of Asia. By J. Hackin, The book is a notable work of idly Lutheran. "No general in- Clement Huart, Raymonde Linos- art; the style is fascinating; vitation should be extended by sier, H. De Wilman-Grabowska, the illustrations superb, and the the pastor to all those who be- Charles Henri Marchal, Henri Mas- index exhaustive. One is be- lieve in the Lord to come to His pero, Serge Eliseev. Introduction wildered in turning the pages table. Only those who believe by Paul-Louis Couchoud. Trans- and studying these extravagant the Lutheran doctrine of the lated from the French by F. M. At- symbolisms, exuberant polythe- real presence should be admit- kinson. 460 pp. $10.00. Crowell. istic pantheons and weird con- ted, in view of Paul's words on New York. 1932. ceptions of the future life which not discerning the Lord's body have kept millions in bondage of (1 Cor. 11: 29). Furthermore, Those who have visited the fear and superstition. In the admission to the Lord's Supper Musee Guimet at Paris will presence of Western civilization is an acknowledgment of unity know that it is incomparable as and education, not to speak of in the faith; and this does not a museum of religions. The edi- Christian influence, man y of exist in the case of those who tor of this book is the keeper or these wild and weird supersti- reject the Lutheran doctrine." director of this Museum and the tions are becoming things of the fifteen plates in color, together past. We must not forget, as CLELAND B. McAFEE. with three hundred and fifty- this volume tells us, that "alfour illustrations, are evidence though Buddhism was born on Gospel Dawn in Africa. By H. Beiderof the wealth of material at his the banks of the Ganges, it was becke, formerly Missionary to the on the banks of the Ganges that Herero, Southwest Africa, 1871disposal. it was most rapidly forgotten." 1881. Translation from German by The book does not present a Dr. E. F. Bachmann. Illustrated. S. M. ZWEMER. 8 vo. 183 pp. $1.25. Book Constudy of religions from a Chris- cern. Columbus, Ohio. 1932. tian viewpoint. It has been pre- The Christian Faith-A System of pared from the standpoint of Christian Dogmatics. By Joseph This small volume is an atphilosophy and science and not Stump, D.D., President of North- tempt to give the reader a of evangelical Christianity. This western Lutheran Theological Sem- glimpse of the history of modhas advantages for the student inary. 8 vo. 463 pp. $4.00. ~ac­ ern missions in the Dark Contibut explains the omission of millan. New York. 1932. nent since, under Moravian injudgment on certain aspects of fluence, the first Church was mythology which are degrading. President Stump presents a founded in 1806. There are special chapters on system of Christian theology in the reI i g i 0 u s mythology of Lutheran terms, avoiding wher- The author, starting from a Persia, Kafiristan, Buddhism in ever possible technical language, point in West Africa on Mount India, China, and Japan, the using subheadings wisely and Atlas, reviews all the principal Mythology of Hinduism, Lama- thus producing a book suitable missions of the huge continent, ism, and the ancient cults of for textbook or cursory reading. till he stands again on Mount Indo-China and Java. One brief For the most part this volume Atlas. He can only sketch the section is devoted to the myth- would meet approval among work as it began its mighty ology of the Shiahs of Persia, Christians of all connections; struggle with animism (called but the longest chapters deal naturally in s 0 m e points it more com m 0 n I y fetishism), with Hinduism and Buddhism. would be chiefly acceptable to coupled with manism (the ven- The c hap t e r on Brahmanic Lutherans. There is abundant eration or worship of ancesmythology opens with an invo- Scriptural reference and his- tors), and ending with Mohamcation to the Hindu gods and torical data to help the reader medanism, that doughty enemy. the concluding paragraph brings trace the currents of thought The sketch is full of historical us back to the question of the which have produced the opin- value as a handbook to the stuorigin of Hinduism: ions expressed. At s eve r a I dent who wishes to refresh his points the discussion leads to an memory on the progress of In India, as everywhere else, what earnest plea that "it is God's Christian missions. legends and their clumsy fictions try will that the Gospel shall actuto discover and explain is the genesis ally reach every individual. He A leadership has been trained of our humanity, the knowledge of has laid upon the Church the up in South Africa and elsethe phenomena of the universe. If obligation to make the call uni- where to take up the Church or- Hindu mythology has a definitely cos- ganized by Western missionmic character when it is interpreted versal in the actual sense. She

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

aries. The most remarkable Yellow Rivers. By Herbert Cressy. made in the direction of ridding Illustrated by drawings. 1 mo. 153 fact is that the Church has, in pp. $1.50. Harpers. New York. the world of leprosy through the 1932. all parts of the continent, had influence of the mission to These stories of "adventure~ little difficulty, except in the in a Chinese Parish" present a lepers setting an example to the fascinating revelation of Chimatter of c h u r c h discipline nese life and the Chinese mind. governments of all nations. The There are personal stories of where the members and some of soldiers and statesmen, of rob- reader of this book leaves it ber bands and rival clans, which the leaders are now working show in realistic pictures the with a clear understanding of conflict between the old and the under the "Ethiopian Church" new during this transition pe- the way in which the spirit of riod. slogan which demands a church the Christ, who said, "Cleanse Mr. Cressy is an American ruled entirely by the African. Baptist missionary who has the lepers," has been the main- lived in China for twenty years. The writer calls attention to He reveals a clear understand- spring of the movement which ing of the people and their proboutstanding successful missions, lems and a deep sympathy with has brought to pass these en- them in their struggles. His the rapid progress in We s t realistic stories are well told and couraging and desperately need- are adapted for reading circles Africa, in the Cameroons and and mission study groups. They ed changes. bring us into closer understandthe transformation of the Bel- ing of the Chinese mind and in- Miss Tin lin g graphically tracacies of missionary work. gian Congo and Angola; the Read about Sun Bei En and "An shows how the spirit of hope Inauspicious Beginning"; "The South Africa success, and rapid Barber and Forty Good-for- with which this seemingly hope- Nothings"; the Foreign Shepincrease in numbers of converts herd and "The Eye of the East" ; less problem has been shot Yin Fang and "A Question of in the Cape Provinces, among the Face"; Little Yang and "The through can become a realiza- Power of Darkness." Hottentots, Kaffirs, Hereroes, tion only as the work is multi- Hope for the Leper-A Present-day Zulus and others and in the East Solution ()f an Ancient Problem. plied a thousandfold and ex- By Christine I. Tinling. Foreword Africa zone, especially embrac- by Wm. M. Danner. 12 mo. 60 tended where the need is still cents. Revell. New York. 1932. ing large groups of Christians in appallingly great. The book is A good picture must present Nyasaland, Tanganyika, Kenya, contrasts of light and shade. a challenge for every follower With offsetting somber tones Uganda and Madagascar. highlights are seen at their best. of Christ. LOIS DANNER. For this reason the author of The North Africa work meets "Hope for the Leper" is justi- Sons. By Pearl Buck. 8 vo. 467 fied in presenting in her opening pp. $2.50. John Day Co. New the problem of African Moham- chapters a picture of leprosy York. 1932. conditions that are now fortumedanism. Here Christianity nately forever past. Her main This sequel to "Good Earth" theme is one of hope. She tells presents a realistic picture of meets the fast closed doors of of the thrilling pro g res s the development and activities achieved by medical science in of a Chinese bandit of the better fanaticism and religious tradi- checking and even apparently class. In this respect it is a dis- curing the disease. She tells of tinct help to our understanding tions of more than a thousand the victorious lives of lepers who have come into contact of China. The story is told in the years. with the Christian Gospel of same clear pure English and its love. She describes the work The s tat i s tic s scattered and the recreation, the surpris- characters are well drawn as in ingly cheerful and natural ex-" the previous story, but its movethroughout the book at the close istence which is made possible ment is slow and unnecessarily in the modern leper hospitaL prolonged. There is also an apof every mission story break in She sets forth the progress parent lack of knowledge and on the text so as to detract from appreciation of the higher type the continuity of interest. These of Chinese. One would never might have been assembled at guess from these two books that any noble characters exist in the close of the history, so that China-all presented in these books are sordid and low. Nor those interested in the numeri- is there the slightest hint that there are any Christ(ans in cal progress might study them China though so me 400,000 with care. L. B. WOLF. Protestants and twice as many Roman Catholics are scattered Seeing Ourselves Through Russia. through the eighteen provinces. Edited by Henry T. Hodgkin. 110 But to our mind the greatest pp. $1.25. Ray Long and Richard fault in the novel is the offense R. Smith. New York. to good taste in some of the scenes depicted. Not only are While giving important facts regarding Russia, the special these scenes sordid-which is to feature of this book is its dis- be expected-but the author's cussion of the problems of descriptions are unnecessarily America and Great Britain and detailed and show a lack of good what the Russian Soviet experi- taste which seems to us inexcusment offers toward their solution. The material is adapted able in any refined woman, and to private and group study, especially in a Christian.

with bibliographical references in connection with each chapter and, at the end of the book, an appendix with questions for review, and a good index. The discussion is thoughtful, judicious and suggestive, as is everything from the pen of this able missionary leader. A. J. B.

to Remember Woman's Board of Missions and the Southern Baptist Foreign

American Board, has resigned, and Board, and is now directing the January 1-7-Universal Wee k of plans to devote her time to the cause Every-Member Canvass. Prayer. of missions by personal service rather than in an official capacity. After January 5-February 16, 1933-Rural her graduation from Mt. Holyoke Christian Workers' Conference. College and some years as secretary Scarritt CoIl e g e for Christian of a Y. W. C. A., Miss Calder be- Obituary Notes Workers, Nashville, Tenn. came secretary of the Young Peo- January 9-11-Annual Home Missions ple's Department of the American Conference. Briarcliff Manor, New Board in 1905. Later she rendered Rai Bahadur ·M. L. Rallia Ram York. conspicuous service as Home Sec- died September 25 at Gurdaspnr, • retary. Punjab, India. He was the eldest son January 17-20-Cause and Cure of •• of Babu Rallia Ram, convert from War Conference. Washington, D. C. The Rev. Ernest W. Riggs, for ten . Hinduism in the early seventies. M. years one of the foreign secretaries L. Rallia Ram may be called the pio- January 23-February 18-C 0 r nell of the American Board, has resigned, neer Indian Christian nationalist. He School for Missionaries. Cornell but hopes to continue his missionary was closely identified with the Reli- University, Ithaca, N. Y. service either on the field or at home. gious Book Society, the National Mis- Mr. Riggs, the son of the late Dr. sionary Society and the Y. M. C. A. February 12-Race Relations Sunday. • • • Riggs of Turkey, was president: of March 3-World Day of Prayer. Euphrates College, Harpoot, from Florida Chain ot Mission"" 1910 to 1915, where he had been an. Assemblus The Rev. William A. Backenatoe, M.D., was born at Emaus, Pennsyl- January I4-18-Jacksonville: First vania, and died in South Africa on Presbyterian Church. instructor since 1904. By his unself- the 16th of October, aged sixty-one ish devotion and effective service Mr. years. Nearly thirty years were spent January 18-20-Winter Haven: First Riggs has ~eatly endeared himself in medical miSSionary work. UDder Presbyterian Church. to missionarIes and to workers at the the General Missionary Board of the • home base. Free Methodist Church of North January 21-26-Miami: First Baptist •• America. Ebenezer Rest Home, in Church. The Rev. William H. Matthews, D.D., has recently completed ten Natal, a nurses' training school for January 25-27-West Palm Beach: years of service as General Secretary African young women and a baby First Methodist at West Palm of the American Tract Society. Dur- welfare clinic were under the care of Beach. ing this period, a current indebted- this faithful missionary. Dr. Back- ness of $60,000 has been wiped out, enstoe was a licentiate of the Royal January 28-February 1-St. Peters- and the amount donated to the S0- College of Physicians and Surgeons burg: First Congregational Church. ciety has more than doubled; and the of Edinburgh and of the Royal Fac- output of Christian literature has ulty of Physicians and Surgeons of January Z9-February I-Tampa: First been increased from 2,170,925 pieces Glasgow and a fellow of the Ameri- Baptist Church. to 4,647,295. • • • can Medical Association.

February 1-3-Clearwater: Peace Me- Dr. Edward M. Haymaker, long as- PRAYER FOR PEACE morial Church. sociated with Presbyterian Missions in Guatemala, having reached the age February 4-8-0rlando: First Pres- of threescore years and ten, will be Eternal God, Father of all souls: brterian Church. DeLand: Meth- odist Episcopal Church. honorably retired on March 81. Grant unto us such clear vision of the ••• sin of war Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, iden- That we may earnestly seek that c0- tified with Methodist Home Mission work for more than a quarter of a operation between nations century, has filled various executive Which alone can make war impos- positions and has visited almost every sible.

Personal Items institution maintained by the Wom- an's Home Missionary Society. Since Dr. L. B. Wolf, for fifty years as- her retirement from executive duties Arouse in the whole body of the pe0lOCiated with the foreign missionary Mrs. Woodrufl' continues her public ple an adventurous willingness, speaking on missions. As they sacrificed greatly for war, work of the American Lutheran ••• So, also, for international good will, Church and for twenty-four years Miss Irene Sheppard, a secretary To dare bravely, think wisely, decide General Secretary of the Foreign Board of the General Synod and of of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign resolutely Missions, has sailed for South Amerthe United Lutheran .Church in ica to visit Presbyterian mission sta- And to achieve triumphantly. Amen. America is retiring from that serv- tions in Colombia and Venezuela. -Harry Emerson Fosdick.

Ice on july 1, 1938. Dr. Wolf was Miss Sheppard corresponds with mis- !!fduated from. Gettysburg Theologiwu Seminary and went to Guntur, sionaries in 12 stations in West Indl!, as a missionary of the Luther- Africa and 25 stations in six coun- tries of Latin America. For ten years an ueneral Synod in 1888. After she was a Y. W. C. A. secretary in ~ty'flve years of service in India Buenos Aires, Argentina, and in Val- ~~ elected to the office of General ; – -.nIw&ry of the Foreign Board • • • paraiso, Chile. The Rev. Archie Lowell Ryan. for ~!.~) three years later being made =- – Treasurer for five years. After eighteen years a Methodist mission- ary in the Philippine Islands, has anotber visit to India, Dr. Wolf is been elected Business Secretary of ing to rewrite his book, «After the World's Sunday School Associa- tion, succeeding the late Dr. Samuel ~No~ narYYyeeaarrsws,,"o" rtkoenrtoieftclointrhgdethiteLuf"othAreefirtgaennr D. Price. His office will be at 1 Madi- ….urch. son Avenue, New York City. ••• "ia Helen B. Calder, for twenty- • •• Dr. Charles E. Maddrey has been ……. years an able executive of the elected Executive Secretary of the

THE MOSLEM

SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JANUARY NUMBER: Whither 1.lam? ……..•.•…•.•….•….•.••••••••..•… Dunc:.nB. Macdonald •• 1.lam a Gristian Heresy? •……….••.••••••••••••••.••••.. D. S. Margoliouth AI·Ghiza'l on the Pre.ence of God ..•…..•••••••••••.•••••..•…Mergalet Smith Turlcey D'I.cover. the Koran …………..•.•••••.•.•••••••.. F. Lyman MacCallum 1.lam and Modern Educ:.tion …… ' …………………………. Annie E. Fox A Literacy Campaign Among. the Moro•…•.••••..••••••.•••••…. Franle Laubach The Creed of AI·Sanu.1. ……………………… , ………. Fredericle J. Barny. Mary Jane Lovell•••"Mother of the Blind" …..•••••••••… , .•••…'. Adele DJe.h The Law of Freedom (A Dialogue) …………•.••.•.•.•………Jen. Christensen From Marauder to Mystic ……. '…………………………… Pier,e C,abita Current Topics ..,…. Boole Review.,……Survey of Periodical. '

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