The Missionary Review of the World — April 1924

HARTFORD

PRESIDEXT DANJO EBI~'~-A) of the Doshish~, SEMINARY FOUNDATION :It'eompnll1ed by Hpy, .leI'OnJ:' C. H()ln~('s, of Kyoto is ,-isiting the l:nite<l States ]]j the Hartford, Conn. jlltere~ts of the uniyersity. W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, President HEV. BHENTO:N T. BADLEY, D.D., -whu YaH horn in India tl11cl has been for tWPllty-fnUl' Theological Seminary years eng:1g'ecl ill missionary Rel'yj(:(, thpl'cJ Dean. M. W. Jacobus is the new (?ditol' of the Indian TITitU{'.';s. School of Religious Pedagogy RE.v. ERXEST nr. HIGGs, AHSOe1atc ~('(:l'l~­ Dean, E. H. Knight tary oi thr American Roanl. :~ft(>r :!ttcll~llllg the Neal' E:Hlt Coufcrences thls sIn'lllg', IS tu Kennedy School of Missions yisit tho Afr)('(1 ~r.issions of 11 is ]Jo<lrd. Dean. E. W. Capen "'fRS. HELE'" B.tRRI<TT C'lloXTGo)]ERY has Through these associated schools Hartford offers completed :.L new translation uf the ~O' full training for Testament, vhieh is to be widely used by the Baptists in the League of New Testa· 1. The Christian Ministry. ment Reude1's "yhil'h they are orgalllzmg. 2. Religious Education and Social Service. 3. The Foreign Field. REV. 'V3I. A. 'l'HO~[AS, of Point Hope, Alaska the most northel'll station of the Each school has its indepenuent faculty and its Episcopal Church, has )'eceived a gift of " own institutional life and together they form one mdio set, which it is expected will keep IUlll interdenominational institution with the unity of a in daily touch ,,-ith the rnited ~·ltates. common aim and spirit. through Seattle. The plan for a group of eight buildings for the BISHOP H01fER C. STUNTZ, of the :II. E. Foundation, including dormitories, library, chapel, Church, suffet'ed from a serious stl'Oke of gymnasium. as well as separate buildings for each apoplexy wllile in :lliami, Fla., the llliddle of school, is being carried out. The first of th~se -.b-'ebruary. He is sillce T('pOl'H'd ROlllf'whnt LJl1ilding~, the Vomen's Dormitory, is now occupIed impl'oved. under d-irection of the Dean of 'omen. !'Irs. Lester McLean. Jr. JOH)[ .. :lIAcK.n:, Al'chden('oll of IllditHi :lfissions iu the Diocese of Saskatdtewan, Cnnada, hfts tUed nftC"l' 11101'(' than sixtl~ yeaTs of yol'k alllong the Cree' Indians. '

THE HOME MISSION BOARDS The .Toint COllf(~rellce 8f the Home :Ilk TIle oldest Immigrant's :-;,ions Conncil awl the COl1llcil of ~01l1ell fOl' BIble ,,-"':;oc/('/y Bible Home )Iisslons yhieh met in ~'tlantic City, in New York .1 anuaq 14th to 16th, p""sed ullallilllollsi y and the onl), T HERE is no better Christhe following l'ccOlnmel1t1atiow"I: one dtstribut- tian and Americaniz:;tio.o ing BtbLes work than the free dlstrt- J. That the C0111mittees Oll tile :lltSSIOKIRY FREE in tile bution of Bibles to the immi- RE'~IEY OF THE VORLD of thi? two COl1urils City and Ilar- grants who reach our shores he unitc(l to form nlle joint standing COlll- bor of New daily, mittee. York. The work of circulating the Bi- 2. That the COUlh,ils CXPl'i..'HS ag'ain tlwil' ble, in 53 languages, aro.ong rippreriation of the ynlne of the REY1.EY a.., these potential citizens, bnngs nn rdueationnl Hntl insphatioual Ol'g-fln (If far reaching results. the ('anse of Home }IissiollR. Your donation will help in this 3. That the re~ollltions ac1opt('(l luRt Yi..'ar no ble work and at the same be reaffirmed and that Boards be urged to time may establish a life income rurry ont still mOl'r; fully anc1 ('>fi'ectiw'ly from your investment accord.. thOS8 re~wlutions by making financial ap- ing to the annuity plan. propriations to the }lEVIEW, by helping- to axtoml the circulation and by furnishing' LEARN HOW GENEROSITY HOlne }fissioll' 11€WS and articles. ACTUALLY PAYS CASH DIVIDENDS The ne'iY CJlll1nittee app()inted to l'CPl'("- Write lor Booklet No. 1 sent tho t'o Councils on tho -;fISSIOX.'RY REVIEW OF THE VVORLD for the present year New York Bible Society ore the following: :;VIrs. E. e. Cronk, Glw'r· man; Dr. ,Tohn lIIeDowell, :;VIrs.•Tohn Fergu- 5 East 48th St. New York City son, Dr. Cha)']es L. ·White, :;VII'S. O. R. Jud(l, Dr. Samu<'l L. Loomis, Mr. Jay S. StowelL This committee meets with the Editorial Conncil of tlle REVIEW quarterly to discuss editorial plans.

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Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Editot CONTENTS FOR APRIL, 1924 Page COVER ILLUSTRATION . GREAT HI~DU TEMPLE AT TIRUVANNAMAI,AI, SoUTH INDIA FRONTISPIECE …………………….. CAClQVE INDIANS OF PERU ApPEALING TO THE MISSIONARIES OF THE Ev.~NGEL1CAI. UNION OF SOUTH AMERICA FOR HELP EDITORIALS ………………………….••…….•………••…….•.. 245 REOENT CHANGES IN INDIA A PROPHECY FOR INDIA ALL INDIA CHRISTIAN CONFERENC'E EVIDENCES OF ANSWERED PRAYER RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN AUSTR..LIA JESUS CHRIST IN THE THINKING OF ASIA .. , .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 TESTIMONY FROM INDIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , " …….. PROFES~OR YOH.N MASIH TES'~IMONY J'ROM JAPAN …………………………. DEAN H. IIATANAKA TES~'IMONY FROM CHINA …………………………………. Y. Y. Tsu ON THE RAILS WITH CHAPEL CARS …………………. SAMUEL G. NElL 262 A story of a new type of cwcuU riding de luxe in churchle.•s parishes.

THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY A'f CAIRO ………. WILLHM BANOROFT HILL 269 The story of the great mission and work of the l!eW Chri..tian Univel'sity in the intellectual capital of the Moglem world.

IF I WERE A YOUNG MISSIONARY IN KOREA . . . . . . . . . . . . BY Yl SANG CHOI 276 A HINDU VIEW OF JESUS CHRIST …………………………………. 277 THE AWAKENING OF CHINESE SOULS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MAR, F. PARMENTER 278 Gr;,pping life stories of Chinese girls who (we study·~rtg to help awaken their sisters.

THE NEGLECTED INDIAN OF BOLIVIA AND PERU .. WEBSTER E.BooWNING 287 Observations on a recent tour in unoc&upied fields in Latin America.

JAMES I. GOOD, ENLARGER OF THE KINGDOM …. ALLEN R. BARTHOLOMEW 289 OPEN DOORS IN LATIN AMERICA ………………. II. AND S. B. STRACHAN 291 The.. need for E'rotcstant iti~era.t-ing evange~'ist8, .•howl! by a ..tudy of unocoopieii areas.

BEST METHODS FOR COUNTRY CHURCHF.S ….. EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 293 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …… EDI1'ED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 299 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BUI,LETIN …. EDITED BY SAR.AH H. POLHEMUS 302 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 306 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY 323 TERMS: $2.50 It year. ($!tOO in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 ceuts. Siugle copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1924, by MISSIONARY REvIEW PUBLISHING CoMPJ.NY, INC. All rights reserved.

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Robert E. Speer, President Willam I. Chamberlain, Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Publication omce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Editorial ~"Jt~u8~Ce~~<rmI~~, y;:s;rfih Avenue, Pa. 25c a copy $2,50 a year New York CIQ'

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VOL. APRIL, 1924 NUMBER XLVII FOUR RECENT CHA~G~JS IN INDIA D URING the past six years India has passed through the period of post-war disillusionment and adjustment, accom- panied by anti–Western feeling in nation and in church, strong influences from Moslem Turkey and Bolshevist Rlussia, the development of the remarkable personal influence of Mahatma Gandhi, and the experiences of reform in politics and of development of responsibility in the Christian Church.

Today, says the Rev. Alden H. Clark, of Almednagar,* anti- Western feeling is not so apparent as it was in the days of the Swadeshi movement of 1907-08. Everywhere I have found the oldtime courtesy and appreciation of Western cooperation. On the other hand, it is evident that what had been in 1907-08 often a wild and angry assertion of Indian rights, and has in a period since sometimes expressed itself in bomb-throwing and rioting, has now settled into a quiet, insistent purpose to gain full control of every aspect of India's life, political, economic, religious. That is perhaps the outstanding aspect of the situation today. Politically this has shown itself in the sweeping victory of the Swaraj, or radical party, over the moderates in recent elections. Religiously both Hinduism and Mohammedanism are becoming more aggressive. It is a new thing for Hindus to reach out and try to win Mohammedans and Christians.

Alongside of their new aggressiveness for Hinduism and Mohammedanism there is among non-Christian Indians a marked increase in reverence for Christ and appreciation of his teaching. He is more and more recognized as one of the greatest leaders and often as· the greatest religious leader of the world. Mahatma Gandhi's open reverence for Christ and recognition of his debt to him has spread the influence of Jesus broadcast in India.

The Christian movement reflects the general situation in India.

.. In The OongregationaU8t.

In some districts the extreme period of strained and difficult personal relations seems to have passed and the air to have been cleared for closer and more cordial cooperation. The process of Indianization has made marked progress. Now the General Councils of Indians and missionaries meet to settle questions of mission policy and work. Indians sit with equal voice and vote with the missionaries and form about one-third of the voting membership. Similarly, the work in each station is now controlled by a station council in which the number of Indian members may equal the number of missionaries. The Representative Councils of Missions, which were powerful Protestant bodies in the different provinces of India and were predominantly Western, are now transformed into Christian Councils, in which the Indian Church is fully represented and in which at least half the members must be Indians.

Not only in missions but also in the Indian Church are there indications of growing Indianization. Indian Christians are identifying themselves more with their non-Christian fellow Indians in politics, education, business and religion. This movement contains its dangers, for Christians who have no deep personal experience of. the living Christ and no firm grasp of the distinctive and essential elements in the Christian program in some cases are carried back into Hinduism in their desire to identify themselves with the culture of their country. The president of the Christian Association of Bombay has surprised his Christian friends by openly proclaiming himself a Hindu. Yet anyone who has had experience of the wonderful response to Christ of such typical Indians as the late Rev. N. V. Tilak, Sadhu Suudar Singh, and many others besides can never doubt for one moment that Keshub Chander Sen was right in saying "N0 one but Christ is worthy to wear the diadem of India and he shall have it."

Mr. Clark believes that the situation is more promising than ever before for true and lasting Christian development. The missionary is now less of a director and more of a cooperator with the Indian Christian; less of a "father" and more of a brother. There is an increasingly close identification of Christians and of Christ with the changing, surging life of India.

ALIJ INDIA CHRISTIAN CONFERENCE The more important resolutions passed at the All-India Christian Conference held at Bangalore (December 27-28) related to Indians in America, Prohibition, Hindu-Moslem Unity and Church Union. They were as follows: I-(a) This Conference hears with some satisfaction that the recent decision of the Supreme High Court of U. S. A. denying rights of citizenship to domiciled Indians in that country was not based on any inherent implication of the National Constitutioll of that-country,

EDITORIAL COMMENT

but on Immigration Laws which are comparatively more easily changeable.

(b) This Conference considers that a change in the Immigration Laws of America, with a view to remove this disability, is necessary in the interests of international good-will founded on mutual recognition of equality of citizenship.

(c) In the opinion of this Conference the continuance of this disability will affect adversely the work of the Christian Church in this land and particularly that of the American Missions. . The Conference therefore urges the National Christian Council to place this matter before the Christian Church in America through the International Missionary Council and various Home Boards, in cooperation with the Executive Committee of this Conference.

II-(a) In the opinion of this Conference the total prohibition of sale and manufacture of alcoholic liquors and other intoxicating drugs should be the aim of all temperance reformers in this country. It welcomes, however, Local Option bills passed by some of the Provincial Legislatures as a forward step towards the attainment of this ideal, and trusts that imported foreign spirits will be also speedily brought within the ope-ration of such legislation.

(b) The Conference pledges itself to cooperate with every effort in this regard, and urges the Provincial Indian Christian Associations to do the same.

III-(a) The Conference deeply deplores the tragic extent to which communal and sectarian differences have expressed themselves in the recent months and have become a serious obstacle to any na-. tionaI progress in India.

(b) It urges every Indian Christian to do his utmost in cooperation with Hindus and Moslems to work towards national unity.

(c) It strongly recommends that a Conference be arranged of representatives from various communities for the purpose of ascertaining clearly the real difficulties of the different communities and of arriving at solutions that will be permanently effective.

(d) The Executive of the All-India Council of Indian Christians as representing a minority body which, while in full sympathy with the aspiration of the great communities for mutual concord, is itself disinterested will be prepared, if asked, to take tlie initiative in regard to such a Conference.

(e) This Conference wishes to point out that any accentuation of the communal spirit among Indian Christians adds to the difficulties of the situation and makes it still harder for them to assist in its solution.

IV-Resolved that this Conference approves in general the movement toward establishing the Anglican Church in India on an autonomous basis anel also the movement towards Church Union in South India,

A PROPHECY FOR INDIA.

D R. S. K. DATTA, National Y. M. C. A. Secretary for India, re- cently made a visit to Australia, where he sought to improve the understanding between Australians and Indians. He gave several addresses daily and interested university professors and students, the colleges and schools and also the Trades' HaH. One or his hosts, who was greatly impressed by his ability and culture, writes that he "asked him whether after all the years of work of the Christian missionaries many of the high caste and cultured Indians had accepted Christianity. After thought, he replied, 'Very few,' but he added that, for the past two or three generations, the fathers had been saying to their sons, 'Look at these English officials and consider their lives-straightforward, truthful, earnest, laboring to elevate our nation and to organize and uplift it to the high standard of their own. Then look at the missionaries, leading lives of great self-sacrifice without any idea of personal advantage. Indeed, quite the reverseand what for? To teach our people lofty ideals of life. They have something which we have not-some motive which our beliefs have failed to suggest. We want you to cultivate and live up to those ideals. ' He said this had permeated the better classes to such a degree that today 'Buddha is dead.' As to the masses, the untouchables, the religion of Christ was the first that had given them any hope at all. All their own religions doomed them to lowest despair. They were accepting Christianity in the mass, and the principles of the Sermon on the Mount were so moving the mind of India today that the time was certainly coming, and no one could say how soon, when the teachings of Christ would be accepted by all India."

EVIDENCES OF ANSWERED PRAYER T HE foremost need of both the individual Christian, and of the Church, is a revival of believing prayer. The supernatural element in Christianity is being discredited by the modern attempt to reduce all prophecy to shrewd guess work, or conjecture, and to deny miracles or to explain them by the operation of natural laws. This tendency is observable also in the drift of the day with reference to prayer, in practically denying its supernatural, or preternatural, efficacy; and making it simply a moral self-discipline or self-culture, as though one should try to propel his boat by blowing on the sails. This attitude considers prayer as profitable, but effective only on the human side. There is but one way to meet that false view. This is not by an appeal to the Scriptures alone, for it is due, in part, to a false interpretation of the Scriptures; but, if from actual history and from modern experience there can be pointed out such an overwhelming mass of authentic facts as constitutes indisputable evidence of the interposition of God, the faith of the sincere

EDITORIAL COM.l{ENT

and open-minded Christian will be revived; and, the Scriptures will be illumined by testimony. .

The story of Pastor Gossner who, at 63 years of age, began a new evangelization work offers some of the well authenticated in- stances of the triumphs of prayer. There are some men whose work is so vitally connected with supplication to God that their prayer life is a vital part of it. Such men were Franke, Pastor Harms, George Miiller, Hudson Taylor, John Wilkinson, and D. I~. Moody, but of them all, no man depended upon simple prayer more tl1an did Goss- nero He had come out of the Church of Rome, where he was born and educated; he had seen the great truth, "Christ for us-our justification; Christ in us-our sanctification," and was led uncon- sciously into a great missionary career. When he was pastor of the Bethlehem Church in Berlin, three or four simple artisans sought his counsel and aid. They begged that he would at le~st pray with them, though he felt unable to assist them in their missionary projects.

By praying with them, he came into sympathy with them aud so began to help them in planning for service. After their day's work was done, he tallght them the 'Word of God and the truths of Christ.

They went in sole dependence on God for direction and support; and this, unconsciously, became the mark stamped upon the Gossner Mis- sion. His motto was, "Pray ye the Lord o£ the Harvest that he will send forth helpers into the Harvest." Past three score years and at a period of life when most men retire from activc service, he began the work that placed in the field 200 missionaries-male and female -becoming himself, under God, responsible for their activity and support. He said of himself, "I will not ring the beggar's bell, but the prayer bell, instead of asking men, supplicating God." It was said over his open grav.e that "He prayed mission stations into being and missionaries into faith: he prayed open the hearts of the rich, and gold from the most distant lands." Gossner believed in the Spirit of God as the great administrator of missions and soon he had little reliance on human organizations, but he had supreme trust in a prayer-answering God. He did all he could, but he trusted God to direct and order all according to His will. His manual of instruc- tion to his missionaries was less than sixty words: "Believe, hope, love, pray, b1trn, waken the dead! The Lord is coming, and to everyone He will sa.y, 'Where hast thou left the souls of these heathen? With the Devil?' Oh, swiftly seek these souls, and enter not without them into the presence of the Lord.."

The whole history of the Hermannsburg mission under Pastor Harms was also a triumph of faith and prayer. He had little sym- pathy from men: therefore he needed the more sympathy from God.

He had practically no help from men and his extremities shut him up to the help of God. 'When the door was shut on the human side, he knocked at the d:)or of prayer; laid every matter at the foot of

God; and rising from hi! knees at midnight, he seemed to hear a voice saying, "Forward now in the name of God." Never afterward did doubt enter into his mind. At the end of thirty-one years, he had put into the field more than 350 missionaries and at the end of forty years, there had been gathered from the heathen more than 1,300 converts. This was a triumph of prayer. Over and over again, appears the same simple entry upon his books, "I prayed to the Lord Jesus to provide the needed sum." Then at the end of the fiscal year, a similar entry of answered prayer, "I needed last year 15,000 crowns and the Lord gave me 60 more. This year, I needed double and the Lord has given me 140 over." Pastor Harms has proved what a single man with his church can do in simple dependence upon the prayer of faith.

The Rev. John Wilkinson, so famous for his work among the Jews, was another example of the power of prevailing supplication. His motto was that" all blessing comes in the path of obedience; that we have only to do the will of God in God's time and way and he will take care of his end of the enterprise."

Hudson Taylor was another great hero of faith. He made no public or private solicitation for funds, not even by politely publishing the donor's names, nor did he promise definite support to the missionaries. They, like himself, were to depend on God for supplies.

These are only a few of the many examples of missions which have had their birth and growth clearly throngh the power of prayer.

RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN AUSTRALIA* REV. LINLEY V. GORDON, the Associate Secretary of the World Alliance for International :H'riendship, who has recently returned from a trip of six months to Australia, his old homeland, writes that religious conditions in Australia differ in many respects from those prevailing in America. The first striking thing is the comparatively small number of denominations. The numerical strength of the several constituencies officially recorded is as follows: Anglicans, 2,106,413; Roman Catholics, 1,069,260; Presbyterians, 593,274; Methodists, 566,006; Congregationalists, 63,144; Baptists, 81,495; Church of Christ, 50,000. The Anglicans far outnumber the other denominations, a condition that is due in part to the predominant population of English people in the country.

A~other outstanding difference is that there is no paranel in Australia to the Home and Foreign Mission Boards in America. Up to 1904, each state in Australia was a separate colony having independent connection with the British Crown. There was no such thing as free trade between the states. "With the arrival of federalism came the sweeping away of all tariff barriers between the several

192~] EDITORIAL COMMENT

states. Rivalry and interstate friction have been abolished and the states are now thinking politically in a large, federal way. This is not true, however, religiously in which respect there is a lack of continental vision. Political federation came gradually and religious federation must also come by degrees.

Most of the states now have their Council of Churches-Victoria, South Australia, West Australia and Tasmania. The Victorian Council is the strongest and has done its best work in evangelical campaigns. It has laid emphasis on the question of Lord's Day observance and is interested in public questions.. These councils include all the Protestant evangelical bodies with the exception of the Anglicans. There is need for closer cooperation between the churches.

The ecclesiastical forces of Australia have done very little thus far in applying the Gospel to the social needs of the age. The social problem has rapidly come to the front, and so far the churches have not been able to speak as one voice against the evils in the land. For instance, Australia's drink bill last year was twenty-eight million pounds, but there is no united voice of the Church raised against the traffic. The Church is playing a great part in the crusade against the drinking saloons, but the temperance movement in the Church has lacked driving force for want of a united voice on the subject.

Another thing that prevents Australia from coming into the social realm with her religious strength is that there is scarcely any foreign element within her borders. Racially they are a united peo- ple. Eighty-six per cent are British born. The Scotch, Welsh, Irish and English have been well blended. This fact has not called for any large attention by the Church to diverse social and racial needs.

Many vigorous efforts have been made to achieve Christian unity, especially during the last ten years. The Christian unity movement in Australia reached its high-water mark during the war, so that Presbyterians, Methodists and Congregationalists were in joint conferences. When the war closed a slump came, and the movement died out. Two conferences have been held to consider the Lambeth proposals, four great bodies participating, but the old obstacle of reordination was not overcome. 'l'here has been a recrudescence ·of denominationalism, especially since the conferences on unity have not yielded as much as was hoped.

The Australian preachers have to wrestle with rna.ny problems in addition to the ecclesiastical. Apathy and indifference to high ideals prevail and Protestant ministers are obliged to wage constant war against horseracing, gambling, social unchastity and the legalized liquor traffic, in addition to their endeavor to bring the individual to a full sense of his personal responsibilitv to God and personal loyalty to J eSllS ChriRt. '.

Christ in the Thinking of

Addresses at the Foreign llfissions Conference at Atlantic City, J antlMY, .19:24 A Testimony from Indi..

BY PROFESSOR YOHAN MASIH, INDORE COLLEGE, INDIA I HAIL from India, that great country whose civilization dates back at least three thousand years, which claims the highest mountain peak in the whole world; a country in which have lived sages and hermits, men of meditation and prayer, who spent their lives over the problems relating to God and to human life. At present the country is best known as the land of Mahatma Gandhi and of passive resistance against foreign rule…… .

India is, above aU, a religious country with eight well-defined religions and a score of minor faiths and creeds. Though wickedness, idolatry, priestcraft and superstition abound in India, the whole history of .Hinduism, through errors and blindness, is a search after God.

But a new day is dawning in India. A few years ago, one of the prominent non-Christian judges said, "India is being converted; the ideas that lie at the heart of the Gospel are slowly but steadily permeating the whole of Hindu society, modifying every phase of Hindu thought. " Today idolatry is being shaken. Educated young men and women do not speak in the terms of idolatry. There is also a strong movement among the Hindus themselves against caste. The old orthodox party is' still very strong; yet the sentiment against the idea of untouchability is growing formidable. Some day this great stronghold of Hinduism will tumble down.

Another movement going on in India is the great awakening among the women. They are tired of being kept behind the purdah, or within the four walls of a home. When the political agitation began, the men were arrested and thrown into prison, a number of ladies of noble family and high caste came out of their seclusion and appeared on the public streets and on the public platforms, pleading for the rights of their country and for their own rights. They have started an All India Woman's Conference. A few months ago, a meeting was held and many resolutions were passed, one of them asking the Government to raise the minimum age of girls for marriage to fifteen years. They are also fighting for prohibition in India. Among our native states, only one, the State of Bhopal, is ruled by a woman. Two years back the Begum prohibited the manufacture or sale of liquor in her territory.

Non-Christian India has come to realize also that a great injustice has been done to its daughters and wives in denying them edu- 252 cation. Day schools are now overflowing and new schools are coming into being. In the higher schools and colleges of today are nearly 50,000 students; there are nearly 8,000,000 boys and girls in different schools, secondary and primary; one sixth of the total number are in institutions controlled by missionaries.

But the greatest fact about India today is this: India hails Jesus Christ as supreme. India has come to believe that He is the only hope for the solution of its problems. When the leaders of the noncooperative party wanted to compare Mr. Gandhi with the world's highest, noblest and best, they did not compare him with Buddha, the founder of Buddhism; or with any of the Hindu deities, or with Mohammed, the prophet of Islam. They placed him next to Jesus Christ as the only Person Who stands unique in the whole world. Mr. Gandhi, himself, in his non-cooperation campaign against the government, freely quoted from the teachings of Jesus Christ in the New Testament to convince the people that his campaign was right and just.

The opposition non-Christian party, whose leaders did not agree with Mr. Gandhi, also freely used the New 'restament and the teachings of Jesus Christ to prove that the non-cooperation campaign would bring only disaster. At a most critical time in the history of their people these two non-Christian parties based their appeal straight on Jesus Christ as the unquestionable Source of unassailable truth.

When Mr. Gandhi was sent to prison, there appeared the next day in one of the radical daily papers an article, written by a non- Christian lady, which was quoted in a number of other non-Christian dailies and weeklies, and was translated into many other vernaculars. Its caption was "The arrest and trial of Mr. Gandhi parallels the arrest and trial of Jesus Christ." When the non-Christian public saw that, it wanted to know who J esns Christ was, why He was arrested, why He was sentenced to death, why He suffered on the Cross. And a study of His life and teachings began among many who had previously ignored Christian teaching.

Some missionaries have said that when they visited Mr. Gandhi's Asharam, where he had started a national school for boys and girls, they heard the pupils singing the hymn, "When I Survey the W on- drous Cross," and the other hynm, "In the Cross of Christ I Glory." The teacher told them that these two hymns were favorites with Mr. Gandhi. There you have a non-Christian man training non-Christian boys and girls in sublime teachings about Christ and His Cross. These men and their pupils may not come out and be baptized, mak- ing public confession as followers of Jesus Christ, but in their heart of hearts they will know there is only One in Whose hands lies the destiny of the whole world.

A new day is dawning in India as its people learn to use the Bible. A Vice-Chancellor of Calcutta University, a prominent non- Christian leader, in a recent address, said: "If you ask what is the most powerful influence that has entered my life to shape it, I will tell you it is the Bible." A Hindu professor in the Hindu University in Benares at a public meeting made this confession, "There has been no other such character in human history as Jesus Christ." The Maharajah of Travancore once said, "It is the Christian's Bible that sooner or later will work out the regeneration of India." It is the harbinger of a new day when an Indian thinker in a non-Christian journal can write these words, "If ever there was a time when the educ~ted Indian has consciously paid homage to Jesus Christ, it is in the year 1922."

An Englishman in the retired Indian Civil Service tried to show in an article, not long ago, that this whole revolt in India was against Christian civilization. Non-Christian leaders, one after another, took up the matter and answered him by saying that the revolt was not against Christian civilization, but against unchristian civilization. They made such statements as these: "At no other time in India has there been a more lively appreciation of Christ and His character than today. Many of her children are turning their eyes to the cross, the centrality of which tragedy in the world's history is beginning to grip them with romantic power."

Never in the history of Christian missions in India was there a more serious study of the life and teachings of Jesus Christ than today. Every action of the British Government is judged according to His standards. Every resolution passed by the League of Nations or in the Imperial Conference is judged according to His teachings~ One missionary, who goes over the whole country working among educated Indians, non-Christians and college students, declares that there was a time, twenty, fifteen or ten years back, when the name of Jesus would be hissed by non-Christian students. Now the situation has wholly changed. Questions of this type are asked of him: "How can one be a Christian 7" or "Is baptism necessary 1" When he went to Nagpur to work among the educated classes there, he found that because of a great flag agitation some 1,200 young men had been arrested and thrown into prison. The presiding magistrate told him that when these 1,200 were allowed to choose a limited number of things which they might take with them into prison, about 300 chose the New Testament. But should anyone ask them "Understandest thou what thou readestf" the answer would have to be given, "How can I, except some one should guide me r" There are only eighteen missionaries working in India for everyone million of population. Are they enough to evangelize that numbed This same missionary said: "I have found by actual experience that where there have been great political agitations, there the men

1924J JESUS CHRIST IN 'fHE THINKING OF ASIA

are most interested in the presentation of the Gospel." Mr. Gandhi, before he went to prison, sent a message to the youth of India, asking them to study the life and teachings of Jesus Ohrist, and to try to follow those teachings. Non-Ohristian India is seriously considering whether Jesus Christ can not really solve India's problems.

Only a few months ago, one of the most prominent non-Ohristian journalists of India made a public plea like this: "There are many eminent non-Ohristians who .turn for guidance in the perplexing problems of national life to the teachings of Ohrist. India earnestly hopes that the great body of Ohristian missionaries in this land, will stand by her in her endeavor to apply the central teachings of Christ to her national life."

That is the plea of non-Christian India. What answer win you give? Nowhere in the world today is the church progressing so rapidly as in India. According to the last Government census report, the total population of India had increased by 1.2%, but the Chris- tian population during the same period had increased by 22.64% and now number four and three-quarter millions.

In the A~ts of the Apostles it is related that in one day three thousand were baptized. VI/e have given that day the name of "The Day of Pentecost," the day of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit. God's people and churches have been praying since then for fresh days of Pentecost, when there shall be outpourings of the Holy Spirit, but how few are rendering thanks to the Almighty for the days of Pentecost which are common today in India: During the past ten years there have been baptized, on an average, over 7,000 every month. On every Sunday an average of 1,830 have been solemnly recognized as Christian believers; and thousands have been refused even as inquirers, because there were no men to train them and no money to engage more workers. People have been knocking at the door for entrance into the Church of Ohrist and it has been shut against them. Only eighteen missionaries among one million population! God is working, but we must remember, with sadness, that the great mass_ of the middle classes are still untouched by the Gospel.

Little provision has been made to reach these non-Christians of the middle class in the large cities and towns. Vast numbers have come from the untouchables, and many highly educated men and women have been reached, but millions of people are still pagans. Thousands of villages even today have never hea~d the name of Jesus Ohrist. Thousands of men and women have never heard the Gospel. That is the condition at present in India. It is a great opportunity j God has opened wide the door. There are manifold adversaries, old false ideas, priestcraft, and caste, will all make a great fight. But God is with this work and who can shut the door that He has opened?

Some of us have been greatly distressed during the last few YtJars over the type of some missionaries sent out. India does not

need men and women from Europe and America to go to teach her people how to play billiards, nor do we need missionaries who merely tell India that Jesus Christ is one of the great teachers of the world. India has yearned for centuries ror the vision of the Great God. "Blessed are the pure in heart for they shall see God." It is a new heart that India requires, a transformation of life and character. Who can give that to India except a divine Saviour? Send us missionaries who are not ashamed of the Gospel of Jesus Christ; who are not ashamed of the Cross; men and women who are living in close personal touch with the Master; men and women who have sat at His reet. They will meet India's needs.

A Testi:mony from Japan BY REVEREND DEAN H. HATANAKA, KOBE COLLEGE, KOBE, JAPAN The Christian churches in Japan, with missionary cooperation, have placed Christ in the thinking of the Japanese people; so that today there are 4,667 Christian workers throughout the country. Some of these leaders have made a deep impression upon the hearts of the people of my country. Some are statesmen. Mr. Katoka, who served as the speaker or the Japanese Parliament for two terms, thought it a greater honor to be a deacon in his church than to be the Speaker of the Lower House.

Mr. Shimada, who died a few months ago after a rorty year political career, said: "For these forty years I have acted with a clean conscience."

Mr. Ebara, a leader of the Christians of Japan, an honored member of the Parliament for many years, was held in such high esteem that when he spoke to the House its members forgot the distinctions of political parties. When we think of these Christian statesmen who ha~e come out of our churches, having been in contact with Jesus Christ, and the impressions they made upon the people of my country, we cannot doubt that .Tesus Christ today occupies a very important position in the thinking of the .Japanese.

But our churches have not only produced many Christian workers and statesmen, they have also produced many leading scholars. In any of the leading magazines of Japan today, you will find names such as Uchigasaki, Yoshino, Abo, Morimoto, all men who have accepted Jesus Christ as their Saviour. Today they are the most influential journalists in Japan. These influential Christian Japanese make an impressive exhibit of the place of Jesus Christ in the thought of Japan today.

Our churches, small and weak as they are, ha~e caught an educational ~ision for our people. Today there are twenty-one Christian boys' high schools, thirty-fi~e girls' high schools, six colleges for men and nine colleges for women in Japan. There are two hundred

JESUS CHRIST IN THE THINKIKG OF ASIA

and thirty-four Christian kindergartens located in almost every city of Japan. Not only have our churches caught this educational vision, but they have increased the churches until they number 1,615 besides 864 preaching places; they have raised the number of Sunday-schools to 2,820, with 8,184 Sunday-school teachers. Then they have caught the vision of bringing other men to Jesus Christ. In 1922 over 11,000 men and women united with our churches whose membership runs up to 200,000. It is reported that 400,000 people in Japan receive Christian instruction throug'h the different churches and Sundayschools. We cannot well calculate the full influence that Christ is directly exercising over the men and women of my country. But in addition, the churches are bringing Jesus Christ into contact with the natives through many philanthropic and humanitarian movements.

I think of those courageous women in Japan, Mrs. Yajima, who was at the vVashington Conference on the Reduction of Armaments; Mrs. Kubursiro, Miss Moriya and Mrs. Heyashi of Osaka. They are determined to wipe out those prostitute quarters which are found in our great ci~ies in Japan. A decree prohibiting them within the city limits of Tokyo will be wholly due to the hard work of these women, backed by the women of all our churches. I think of the many children who lost their parents during the earthquake, and of the "George Miiller" of Japan, Mr. Ishii, who, having come in contact with Jesus Christ, gave his life to work for orphans.

A third man, who caught a vision through .Jesus Christ of the abolition of the liquor traffic in Japan is Mr. Aoki, who has given most of his property for this cause and is giving himself and his time. Mr. Arima, a Christian man, is at the head of the prison in Tokyo. After the earthquake, the walls of that prison fell down but not one of the prisoners ran away. Everyone reported to him. Why~ Jesus Christ dwells in the heart of Mr. Arima, and every prisoner had come to have a profound trust in him. Of the men employed today in the social schemes of the Government, many have come out of our Christian churches. Perhaps the progress of the Japanese churches has not been as rapid as we might wish, yet during the last fifty years the Christian churches have accomplished a great deal.

Jesus Christ is also working today outside of our churches in~ Japan. In the last few years the best selling books have been the books that deal with Christ or Christianity. There are many books dealing with Christian themes, many of them written by non-Christians. The entire Sermon on the Mount has been placed in one of the High School textbooks, recognized by the Government. This textbook is used all over the country. Moreover, in four of the leading newspapers in Osaka and Tokyo, during the last two years, have been published serial novels written by non-Christian men, yet having Christian men among their chief characters. In one of them Mr.

:I

Uchimura, a well-known Christian in Japan, is the chief character. Newspaper men do not use stories of this kind if they are not sure that they will take well with their readers. Many films thrown on the screens of movies today in Japan give the stories of such books as "Quo Vadis," "Les Miserables" and the "Life of Christ." Even Buddhists show an interest in the Christ. It was my privilege to have four Buddhist priests in my church in Kyoto, Sunday after Sunday; they were earnest seekers of Jesus Christ and were ready to know more about Him.

But if all these things are true, why is it that Christianity has not won Japan¥ "Why cannot the churches make greater progress with such a deep interest in Christ everywhere ¥' , As I was leaving Japan to come to America, one of the girls in Kobe College asked me, "How can I come into contact with a vital Christ, who will give me a compelling power with others ~" She knew about the life of Jesus Christ and about Christianity as taught in Sunday-school or in church, yet she was still trying to get hold of a transforming Christ who would empower her to act in right fashion. She is typical of many Japanese young men and women today who know about Christ, but who are looking for a Saviour so real that His authority is absolute over life. Such a Christ we need today in Japan, a Christ who can control the group life and the life of the nation, as well as of individuals. Weare looking for a Christ who is not only interested in our spiritual life, but who takes interest in our business dealings, and in our social life. We are looking for a Christ who unifies, not One who is divided by denominational barriers, but One who helps us to look upon non- Christian peoples with love. We are looking for a Christ whom the Japanese can call their own and who need not be grafted upon the nation from outside. Japan today is looking for a Christ who will take her people where we are and will enter into their lives to strengthen them.

As a Christian of Japan, I think of her seventy millions, all guided by different interests. If we could prove to them, by our own personal lives, by our group life, by our efficiency as a part of Japan's national life, that Jesus Christ can control not only individuals, classes and churches, but nations, we might unify those seventy million people Wld secure their allegiance to Jesus Christ. They might work along many distinct lines, they might follow a great variety of purposes, but with full loyalty to Jesus Christ on the part of all, this would become a different world.

A Testimony from (lhina.

BY Y. Y. TSTJ, NEW YORK Secretary of the Chinese Students Christian Association in North America About two years ago I visited one of the great centers of Buddhism in North China. Above the plains of Shantung Province,

JESUS CHRIST IN THF. THINKING OF ASIA

there rises a great mountain called Taishan, six thousand feet high. Every year in the springtime, hundreds of thousands of pilgrims, men and women and children, go there from all parts of China. One Sunday, at six o'clock in the morning, I reached Tai-An, the little city nestling at the foothills, and, by a coincidence, I heard bells ringing, not the temple bells, but the bells of a church calling Christians to worship. I directed my wheel-barrow man to take me to the place where the bells were ringing and there I found a little white-stone church, inside of which was a group of Christians, and at the altar a clergyman.

That afternoon, I climbed the mountain and on the top found beautiful temples, ornate equipment and comfortably robed priests. I contrasted these with the little church down in the valley amidst the dust and the smoke of a busy city, ministering to the needs of its population. The two religions presented themselves before my thought in their characteristic attitudes, one standing aloof from the world, trying to reach out after God by quiet meditation; the other, down in the valley, trying to practice the presence of God among men.

What is the objective of the missionary enterprise in China and in other non-Ohristian lands? On the mountain top I forgot entirely about the fine schools, under the auspices of mission Boards, and the hospitals, the social service work, and other forms of missionary service, and thought only of the central task of the Ohurch in Ohina as the task of ministering to the spiritual needs of the Chinese.

The Christian mission schools, in one of which I was educated, have produced leaders and statesmen who are playing a great part in the regeneration of my country. The hospitals, with their devoted doctors and nurses, are doing great work in cleaning up our towns and our bodies, in making us better able to enjoy the life God has given us. No candid observer can overlook the charitable institutions and their service performed in the name of Jesus Christ. But on that mountain top that day, with my mind's eye, I saw only the thousands of little churches and chapels scattered throughout China, and recalled the missionaries and the native pastors, ministering to the spiritual needs of my people in four important ways.

First, through Jesus Ohrist we have been led to " see the Father." Neither Buddhism nor Confucianism nor any other non-Ohristian religion has made us see God as our Father. It is only Christ that has brought Him to us in that gracious relationship. The Greek and the Hindu philosophers were seekers after God. But humankind never realized God as a l!-'ather until Christ came. Pantheism, that vague, misty system, tried to lead us to believe that everything is God. At the other extreme a crass and crude polytheism grew out of the attempt to localize God and to embody His likeness in images of stone, or wood, or clay. But when I read that passage where Philip said, "Lord, show us the Father and it sufficeth us," it seems to me

that the apostle not only voiced the spiritual yearnings of his own people, but those of mankind for all ages.

Second, through Jesus Ohrist we have come to know tru:e brotherhood. Undoubtedly, the idea of human brotherhood is found more or less clearly in all religions. You find it in Buddhism, but, because Buddhism failed to spread it throughout humankind, it created a special monastic brotherhood for those who are willing to devote their lives to religion. You find the same idea expressed in. Confucianism, "under heaven one family." The special contribution of Ohristianity is not the thought of brotherhood, but rather the presentation of the source of human brotherhood. Other religions are trying to enjoy the fruit without planting the tree, but Christianity plants a tree from which we can get the fruit. As Bishop Brent said, "We cannot know the meaning of the word, 'fraternal,' unless we first know the meaning of the word 'filial.' " We can only understand the meaning of human brotherhood through our sonship in Christ. It was Ohrist alone who said, "Whosoever shall do the will of my Father who is in heaven, the same is my brother and sister and mother." .

Third, Jesus Ohrist has greatly enriched the wellsprings of human sympathy. Bertrand Russell the English philosopher was asked during his visit to China to give a critical estimate of Chinese character. He replied that he had admired many things in the Ohinese people and in their culture, and that only because he had been asked would he point out three weaknesses. One of these was callousness, la.ck of sympathy, inability to appreciate suffering on the part of others. No doubt we can explain that that is mainly due to the hard struggle for existence in China. .On the other hand we might point out the beautiful spirit of helpfulness which can be found within the Ohinese clan or the family group. Yet it must be confessed that the Ohinese lack that wonderful human sympathy which is so richly developed in a truly Ohristian atmosphere. A non-Christian Ohinese scholar, a professlJr of the Government university of Peking, after a careful study of the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, said recently, "I have found three things in the Christian religion which Ohina needs-the spirit of sympathy, the spirit of forgiveness, and the spirit of sacrificial service." In a very striking sentence he said, 'I Only this spirit of Jesus Ohrist, only these great principles of Jesus Christ, can save us from the pit that is dark and dismal and cold into which we have fallen. " He would have agreed that most of the modern social movements iu Ohina have started out of the Ohristian motive. .

Fourth, Jesus Christ has made prayer articulate to us. There is no people in this world that does not pray. There is no religion in an human history that does not emphasize the prayer life. But the religion of Jesus Christ has fully and finally made prayer articulate.

JESUS CHRIST IN THE THINKING OF ASIA

The Tibetan peasant who turns the prayer wheel as he goes to his work every morning is a praying man. Myoid grandmother, who lit the stick of incense at about four o'clock every morning and mumbled her prayer, "Namo Omitu Fu," incessantly, until the piece of incense had burnt down to its socket, was a woman of prayer. But the Christian becomes an articulately praying man. How I love to recall that incident when a group of Christ's disciples gathered around Jesus, and one of them asked Him, "Master teach us to pray." This also is a great human quest, which involves a personal relationship to God as our Father. Then from the lips of Jesus Christ came that wonderful prayer.We in China through prayer are making religion personal, and are finding God real.

The great spiritual contribution of 0hristianity to China, as Dr. Chamberlain said, is the acknowledgment of the sovereignty of God in the life of man. The greatest need of my people it seems to me is to recognize God in human destiny, to feel His power in all life whether individual or corporate.

What my country needs supremely is a spiritual message. Other benefits are sure to follow the righteousness of the Kingdom of Heaven, not to precede it. China today is struggling to be reborn; she is trying to clean up her political life, to reform her social life; she is waiting for that great moral dynamic that comes only from the recognition of the sovereignty of God in the life of man and of our responsibility to Him; from knowing God as revealed in Christ, not merely as sovereign, but as our loving Heavenly Father, to whom we can pray and bring our troubles, expecting understanding and help.

When we think of the limited resources with which missionaries work and of the limited number of missionaries .sent, should we not ask ourselves whether we have apportioned our resources equitably according to the needs of the field 7 'Ve may have overemphasized the concrete undertakings, and thereby allowed to be partially overshadowed the less concrete but more vital function of the missionary enterprise, namely the meeting of the deep spiritual need of the Chinese people. When they get that, the other matters will take care of themselves.

LIFE "Life is what we are alive to. It is not length, but breadth. To be alive only to appetite, pleasure, pride, money making, and not to goodness and kindness, purity and love, history, poetry, music, flowers, stars, God and eternal hopes, it is to be all but dead.

"If men cannot believe in the Christians whom they have seen, how can they believe in the Christ whom they have not seen f"

-Maltbie D. Babcock.

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– """"""''''''' ~-.""– ONE OF THE CHAPEL CARS On the Rails with the Chapel Cars BY SAMUEL G. NEIL, D.D., PHILADELPHIA, P A.

Superintendent of the Chapel Car and Colportage Work of the American Baptist Publication Society which, in cooperation with The American Baptist Home Mission Society, owns and operates seven Chapel Cars-more than half the world "s supply. '.!'he first ear began opera.- tiona in May, 1891. The last car was built in 1915.

D R. WAYLAND HOYT, at one time pastor of the First Bap- tist Church in Minneapolis, was riding one day in a private car through northern Minnesota with his railroad brother, Mr. Colgate Hoyt. Suddenly Dr. Hoyt turned to his brother and said, "Colgate, have you noticed the large number of towns through which we have been passing today without a sign of a church building in them T In every town, there are ample evidences that saloons are on the job, debauching the souls and bodies of men, but there is no opportunity for their salvation. Why couldn't a car be built and fitted out to contain a combination church and parsonage, so that the missionary and his wife could live there? The car could be sidetracked in these small towns and the people invited in to hear the Gospel~"

The thought appealed to the practical railroad man and as a result he called together a few Baptist laymen in New York City and presented to them the thought of his preacher-brother. The outcome was that those half dozen Baptist laymen raised the money to build and equip the first chapel car ever put on railroad tracks, called ,'The EvangeL"

The car is a regular church and parsonage combined, as well equipped as any Pullman, with every convenience for the missionary and his wife. The chapel is furnished with a handsome brass lectern and Estey organ, and will accommodate a congregation of from ninety to one hundred and twenty-five people. Hymn-book racks are in the pews, and underneath are boxes to hold supplies of books, tracts and Bibles. Under the car are great receptacles for coal, ice, wood, etc. Some cars carry tents, so that in the summer out-door meetings may be held.

One day the chapel car" Messenger of Peace," en route from St. Louis to Kansas City over the Wabash Railroad, was side-tracked for a few hours at Carrollton, Missouri, in order to let another train pass by. At once a crowd began to gather. A tall, strapping fellow, unshaven and awkward, wearing a broad-brimmed hat and high-water 262

1924J ON THE RAILS WITH 'fHE CHAPEL CARS

trousers, stepped up and read the name of the car and then the Scripture text on the outside of the car, "Go ye into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature."

"Now, what sort of a car do you reckon that is ~" he remarked. "That's a church car, " said a bystander. "There is a preacher and his wife on board who live on that car all the time and hold meetings. There is a pulpit, and organ and everything for church work on board. I read about that car in the St. Louis papers."

The tall Missourian looked for a moment at the car in genuine astonishment and then cut loose.

"'VeIl, I swan! I've seen a cattle car, a hog car, a coal car, a lumber car, a furniture car, a refrigerator car, a smoking car, a bag- gage car, a passenger car, and a .

sleeping car, but I'll be blessed if I ever saw a church car like that! If that don't beat the devil!"

.Just then a. young Scotch preacher, Sam Neil, popped his head out of-the window and amid the hearty and good-natured laughter of the crowd, said: ' ,Yes, gentlemen, that's just exactly what the car was built for, to 'beat the devil,' to bring souls from the power of sin and Satan into the glorious liberty of the sons and daughters of God."

When the chapel car mission- ary desires to visit a certain tovm he sends in advance his announce- A CHAPElL CAR INTElRIOR ments, containing a photograph of the car and announcing the time of arrival and the dates for the meetings. The car is its own best advertising agent. Every ticket- agent along the line knows that the car is coming, and generally a crowd of people will be at every station to see it. When the mis- sionary arrives in a town his problem, as a rule, is not how to get the people, but what to do with all who come. Meetings are held every afternoon for children, and every night for adults. Then he begins his work of house-to-house visitation, going to every home in that town and surrounding country. As a result, in the remote sections of our frontier hundreds of churches have been organized and meeting-houses built, scattered through the 'rVest.

A chapel car going into a new town for a religious campaign solves many problems. 'Vhen an "outside" minister visits a town, the first question is, Who will entertain him1 Another question, Where win he hold his meetin~s 1 Or, Who is going to play thE}

ONE OF THE CHURCHLESS PARISHES-A LOGGING CAMP ON SUNDAY organ 7 Is there fuel enough to warm the building? Who will do the janitor work? But on board the chapel car the missionary and his wife meet these problems, for they take the parsonage along with him and the wife plays the organ. The missionary plays the part of janitor, chorister, preacher, the Sunday-school superintendent, the financier, real estate dealer, and church builder. The chapel car missionaries are also rendering a signal service forthe great army of men employed by the railroads of the West.

From the smoky, dusty railroad yards they may step into the car and find a cordial welcome in the atmosphere of the home. They may also find there up-to-date newspapers, magazines and books to read during their leisure time. Every car has its phonograph, so that at the noon hour the men are invited in to listen to a musical program. Vie found a host of men who could not come to the car in the evening' because they were on night shifts, so that a service was held, as soon as the men finished their midnight lunch. Time and time again men who had not been inside of a church for years listened to a Gospel message, sang Christian songs and many responded to the appeal.

One hot day in July a car was attached to an express train for a long journey. All day long services were held every two hours, to which the passengers were invited. Many came because they liked the singing; others because they wanted a change; some because they loved the Gospel. One man attended every service but no anneal seemed to move him. At the last meeting of the day he was first to respond to the invitation to take .Jesus Christ as his Saviour. "I don't know who you are or who sent you," he said to the missionary, "But I have a little girl who will always believe that God sent you.

ON THE RAILS WITH THE CHAPEL CARS

ANOTHER CHURCHLESS PARISH ON THE RAILROAD-A BORDER TOWN IN ARIZONA Since she was big enough to say her 'Now I lay me' she has added '0 Jesus, please bless my papa and make him love you.' She is now eleven years old. I shaH w:ire at the next stop that Jesus has heard her prayer."

In the first chapel car that was built-"Evangel"-over sixty churches have been organized. The latest report from aU the cars shows that as a result of this work from the beginning fully twentyfive thousand people have professed conversion; three hundred and ninety-eight Sunday-schools have been estab1ished; and two hundred and forty-eight churches revived, repaired, and built. This does not tell of the broken hearts healed, or the backsliders reclaimed, or of towns and communities reconstructed by the" Gospel of Good Cheer'~ that the chapel car brings.

The Rev. E. R. Hermiston, of chapel car "Grace" (No. Seven), has been greatly blessed in his work. He writes: "We spent one of the best years of our lives in the different fields in Arizona. At Yuma we had a great union revival and many converts, and all along the line we were given the warm€st kind of receptions. In some of the greatest mining-camps in the world all classes and people welcomed the car. We had successful meetings at Globe, JliIiami, Clifton, Douglas, Naca and Phoenix.

"Another wonderful country was the Imperial Valley in California. The first time the State Convention sent us down there we could see nothing but sand·dunes, cactus and jack-rabbits, and did not think a white man could live there. But since then we have been back three times, and have built churches at Holtville, EI Centro and Calexico. 'rhe' going' gets better every year. In 1920 they took ninety million dollars out of that valley. '1'hat desert can raise crops as well as dust. They raised everything, from cantaloupes to the price of the land which went from $8 to $800 an acre.

"Irrigation and reclamation have wrought miracles. We can look back now and see how many of the little struggling fields have developed until they have upon them strong, self-supporting churches.

"We were sent to Hermiston, the commercial center on an irrigation project in Eastern Oregon, and found t.he growing town was threatened with a fatal malady at its birth. The railroad divided the town physically as well as temperamentally; a real town-site fight had been started and no peace was in sight. The two factions looked across the track at. each other with jealous eyes and could agree on nothing. I preached union and told the people that we could not build the church on the railroad track nOr on both sides of it. 'You will have to hang together or hang separately,' I said. 'The only way to permanent peace, it seems to me, is to agree to disagree.' Our advice was accepted, and a ten-thousand dollar cement-block church was built, which stands today as one of the finest monuments to the chapel car work. "

After nine months of effort Rev. and Mrs. E. R. Hermiston and the good folks at Chow- chilla, California, have had re- cently the joy of dedicating a fine modern and up-to-date church building.

In February, 1921, the chapel car "Grace" pulled into town quietly and services were started and at the end of the first month a meeting was called to consider the advisa- RAILROAD MEN WHO ATrENDED MEETING bility of organizing. Dr. C. VV. Brinstad, Dr. C. H. Bancroft and other workers were called in, and the church was organized with sixty charter members. Plaus were started for a building, and after securing two lots, the gift of C. O. Robinson of Chowchilla, and a gi.ft and loan of $2,000 from the State Convention, and the subscriptions to secure an $8,000 property, the contract was let. The structure is of Moorish Mission architecture and has Sunday-school rooms, ladies' parlor, and an anditorium to seat 350. Chowchilla is a young town of 1,000 progressive American people, mostly from the eastern states. The streets are paved and there are six great highways, running out from the center. The high school is one of the best in the country and they have there a branch of the Carlton Agricultural College. 'rhe church takes its place as a leader in the growing center by calling Rev. William Matthews as pastor, and it win probably become one of the most helpful churches in that section.

The American Baptist Publication Society has also purchased from the White Company, of Cleveland, Ohio, and placed in active service a new type Model 50 chassis, with a special transcontinental home touring body, to be used in missionary work among the Mexicans in California and Arizona. This car is the first of a lar~e

number of such models which will be set apart for evangelistic work along the highways of the country. An exhaustive study leads us to the conviction that the new chapel car auto will reach small out- of-the-way hamlets and towns often many miles removed from trans- portation facilities. The specially constructed, long wheel-base truck will fill a long-felt necessity. This chapel car auto has several of the most important features essential to such conditions as may arise in the performance of many miles of various road conditions. The body, specially designed by the Brown Body Corporation, of Cleve- land, Ohio, is the latest word in furnishings and equipment. A mis- sionary and his wife have everything at their convenience to make life comfortable and their work effective as they travel from place to place. It has a specially constructed roof and pullman-tight windows.

On the outside are the names of the two socie- ties cooperating in the work, and a Scripture A MONUMENT TO CHAPEL-CAR WORK passage in English; First Baptist Church, Chowchilla, California ,'The Seed is the Word of God." On the center panel of the car are the words in Spanish, "Carro Capilla Mexicano," and a Scripture verse in Spanish, "By Grace Are Ye Saved Through Faith and That Not of Your- selves." On the opposite side of the car there is another verse in Spanish-" The Wages of Sin is Death, but the Gift of God is Eternal Life Through Jesus Christ Our Lord." There is a 50-gallon fresh water tank and waste, a wardrobe and bookcase built into the frame, a couch heavily trimmed (convertible at night into a double bed) and covered with imitation leather, drawer for linen, etc., an awning over the Tear platfonn which is used for preaching, a wash room and toilet, also a three-burner gas stove, and a folding table. The rear section is so constructed as to be convertible from a bedroom during the night to a reception room during the day, and is furnished with wicker chairs and furniture. A part of the equipment is a specially constructed tent, so arranged that the rear of the chapel car auto, with its pulpit platform, can be backed into the end of the tent and become the pulpit platform inside the tent. The tent itself is 16 by 30 feet and will accommodate a congregation of about one hundred peo- ple. It is equipped with an Estey pulpit organ, collapsible chairs, a Coleman lantern lighting system, and every modern and up-to-date convenience for the work of evangelism in isolated places. A trailer

will be used for carrying the tent, chairs, etc. The car will be known as "Chapel Car Auto No.1, Crawford Memorial."· The missionary, Rev. Pablo J.

Villanueva, is a Mexican who is versed in both Spanish and English, and knows the Mexican people intimately.

An assistant will travel with him and they will visit Mexican communities.

In cooperation with the American Baptist. Home Mission Society, we have forty-seven colporter-missionaries engaged in the work of personal and house-to-house evangelism in twenty-six different States, as well as in Mexico, Porto Rico, Cuba, and in the Central-American Republics of Nicaragua and EI Salvador.

Last year our missionaries spent 65,867 hours in visiting from house-to-house, and actually made calls upon 98,968 families.

Our missi9uaries distributed 729,558 pages of tract.s in seventeen different languages and had the joy of leading 1,569 persons to a saving knowledge of Christ as a personal Saviour. The total number of Bibles, Mr. AND MRS. HERMISTON AND REV. Testaments and Gospels distributed during SA"i~~L FqEr~I~EC~~TA~l:LE the year is 29,661, beside 13,948 other re- ligious books.

During the last five years our missionaries visited 55,375 families, distri- buted 2,322,867 pages of t.racts, and witnessed the conversion of 8,279 people.

. • The funds for its construction, as well as for Its upkeep and maintenance of the work, Were given by Mrs. Effie M. Crawford. of Santa Ana, Ca1ftornia. as a memorial to her deceased hus·band Mr. Will C. Crawtord. The car, with its complete eqUipment, cost about $9,000. '

THE NEW CHAPEL CAR AUTO FOR USE AMONG MEXICANS

ENTRANCE TO THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY AT

The American University at Cairo BY REV. WILLIAM BANCROFT HILL, D.D., POUGHKEEPSIE, NEW YORK Author of "The Life of Christ"; "The Apostolic Age," etc.

CAIRO is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in Africa. This we all know; but how many of us recognize that it is the vital center of the Mohammedan world ~ ,Ve think of Mecca; but the influence of Mecca is sentimental and steadily decreasing, while that of Cairo is intellectual and gaining in strength constantly. Here is the famous school in the mosque EI-Azhar, where the Koran is the chief textbook, and the highest ambition of its thousands of students is to spread the faith of Mohammed. Here are printing and publishing houses, more than two hundred of them, steadily poumg forth Moslem literature-books, pamphlets, newspapers-to be read and treasured from Morocco to Java and China. Here is a stream of Mohammedan travellers coming from all quarters on business, pleasure and pious ends, and far outnumbering the pilgrims who flock to Mecca in the month of the Hajj. Surely, if one seeks the place where the teachings of Jesus can most widely be offered to the Moslem world, that place is Cairo.

Agencies for work with Moslems have already been established in Cairo. One is the Nile Mission Press, devoted to publishing and circulating Christian literature in Arabic, the chief vehicle of the Moslem religion, and called by the Arabs "the language of the angels." Another is The Study Center where future missionaries to Moslems receive their training in the Arabic language and in Moslem 269

thought. A third is the World Sunday School Association which has here its headquarters for work among Arabic-speaking peoples, and a fourth is the International Y. M. C. A., which has recently placed one of its ablest secretaries in Cairo, and is building up an important and far-reaching work. Other agencies, English as well as American, could well be mentioned. Latest of them all is the American University, an institution whose career, though yet brief, is remarkably full of interest and promise.

Seventy years ago the United Presbyterians began at Cairo a mission which has since extended through all of Egypt and has been MOSLEM SHEIKHS, READING IN THE LIBRARY OF THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL STUDIES justly pronounced one of the most successful in any foreign land. It is known as The American Mission and has made the word American a better term in Egypt for a follower of Christ than the word Christian. For in that land Christian either means a Copt-and Moslems have good reason to despise the degradations of Coptic Christianity; or else it means simply a European, so that even a drunken frequenter of brothels may be called a Christian. This explains why the name American was chosen rather than Christian for the new University; it is less offensive to Moslem ears, and more exactly descriptive to Egyptians of the character of the institution.

The American Mission had built up an excellent system of schools, reaching from kindergartens to a college at Assiut; but still there was lacking as its capstone a school of university grade which should do in Cairo a work similar to what is being done in Constantinople by Robert College and in Beirut by the American University -formerly the Syrian Protestant College. But to found a university

'I'HE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY AT CAIRO

is a formidable task, requiring not only men of great ability but also money in great measure, especially if its location is Cairo, a most expensive city. The United Presbyterians already had their re- sources fully taxed, and no other denomination was ready to under- take the founding. The need of such a school was unquestioned j the opening for it was evident; but by whom and how could it be brought into existence ~ The a~swer came from two strong and consecrated men, Charles R. Watson and Robert S. McClenahan, and a little band of fellow- workers and loyal donors associated with them. Dr. Watson was born in Egypt, the son of a leading mission- ary, and had been for fourteen years a secretary of the [Jnited Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. Dr. McClenahan, a trained teacher with an intimate knowledge of Egyptian life and character, was at the head of the Assiut college. These two men, finely equipped and peculiarly suited for joint work, resigned their positions to be- come, one the president and the other the dean of the proposed University. Its suc- cess thus far has been largely due to their unceasing labors. Someone recently re-'

marked, half humorously and half en- viously, "No institution has a right to the DR. CHARLES R. WATSON, • PRESIDENT services of two such men" j but no institu- tion could offer a work that either would feel more important than what he has chosen. They themselves, however, would attribute the remarkabie success of the new enterprise very largely to the band of godly men and women, some four hundred in all, who from the outset have stood pledged to undergird the University with their prayers.

The University has been as fortunate in its first home as in its leaders. In the very best section of Cairo, close by the Museum, the Parliament House, the British Residency and the American Legation, stood a prominent building whose history was most chequered. Orig- inally a pasha's palace, it had been transformed first into a tobacco factory and next into the home of a short-lived Egyptian university.

Later it became historic as the place where Roosevelt gave his vigor- ous ideas about the government of Egypt. During the war it was again used for school purposes, as many of the school buildings were taken for hospitals. It was purchased for the University at a very reasonable price; and the English officials showed their friendliness by helping to give prompt possession of it, even at some inconveni- ence. On one side of this main building are several smaller buildings which are used for the School of Oriental Studies, the college lunch- room, the students' showerbaths and lockers, and other purposes j

THE STUDENTS AT THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY AT CAIRO .md on the other side is an open lot which serves as an athletic field. Each afternoon the sidewalk outside this field is lined with natives, old as well as young, watching with curiosity and something of perplexity as the students with zest engage in athletics-a novel sight in Egypt. For the present this property is admirably suited to the University's needs, save that there is no provision for dormitories or for teachers' residences. The boys who come from outside the city have to find lodgings wherever they can–often where temptations are deplorably great; and the American teachers have no easy task to secure comfortable houses. As the University develops and funds accumulate, the college department should have its separate and larger quarters, preferably outside the city.

When the University opened its first department, the College of Arts and Sciences, in October, 1920, three hundred young men applied for admission, of whom one hundred and forty-two were selected to form a freshman and a sophomore class. The number of the applicants was not so surprising as the social standing of the families from which many of them came. Here were two sons of governors of provinces-the highest administrative position in Egypt except that of minister in the king's cabinet. Here were three sons of mayors, and four sons of judges of the Superior Court. Pashas are next to royalty, and beys next to them: here were twenty-four sons of pashas and beys. Young men from such families are bound in a few years to occupy places of high position where they will do much in shaping the future of Egypt; and the privilege and responsibility of educating them cannot be over-estimai:ed. The proportion of youths of rank and wealth has continued to increase as the college

'1'118 AME1UCAN uNTVBRS1'!'Y AT CAiRO

itself has grown to two hundred, the llumber which at p:r:esent is about all it is prepared to receive.

Another surprise is the number of Mohammedans who have come for enrollment. They are reluctant to enter a Christian institution, and have never formed over fourteen per cent of the young men in any mission school in Egypt; but in the University more than half the boys come from Moslem homes. One of them is the son of the highest official in EI-Azhar, and another the son of a leading sheikh in Tanta, that city to which more pilgrims flock than to Mecca, and whose religious festivals are notoriously foul. A prominent family in Jerusalem has sent two boys; and even from Mecca a fine, young fellow has come. "You from Mecca!" cried the teacher who received him, "how did you learn there about the University'I" "I read of it in a Cairo newspaper which we take." " And how do you come to speak English so well?" "I was taught it by my father who learned it of a pilgrim from India." "What is your father's occupation?" "He speaks several languages, and acts as a reconciler of disputes between pilgrims." Thus in many directions and by many ways the influence of the University is reaching out into the Mohammedan world.

The desire of fathers to give their sons a Western educati0n, and their recognition of the danger of a moral collapse if the boy is sent away to a European city for it, explain this remarkably large registration of Moslem students, and the friendly interest of so many Moslem leaders. It has not been promoted by any lessening or EGYPT fAN , TURKISH, ARMENIAN, SYRIAN, ARAB, AND JEWISH STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY 3

camouflaging of the po~itive Christiall character of the school, which is in every way maintained, even though there is always a ready recognition of whatever is good in Mohammedanism. Bible study and ethics are part of the required studies throughout the four years. All students are obliged to attend the morning chapel service of Bible reading and prayer; and, be it confessed, in reverent demeanor and evident interest they are much beyond many American college men. A voluntary organization, called The Students' Union, does much the same work as a college Y. M. C. A., and furnishes opportunity for discussions-often full and free–of problems of morals and spiritual life. Probably the strongest and most helpful of all the religious influences is the daily contact of the teachers with the stUdents, which is unusually close and sympathetic, but at present, owing to the absence of dormitory life, is not as continuous as it otherwise could be.

Not long ago the king of Egypt, Fuad I, who has shown much interest in the University from its beginning, granted an audience to the president and others who wished to· tell him just what the school was doing and hoped to do. And in the conversation, which was quite prolonged, the king said, "Two things I wish you to emphasize. One is thoroughness; the present education in Egypt is largely mere memory work and very superficial; the other is character development; what Egypt needs more than anything else is men who have had the discipline and teaching that produce character and integrity. " Egyptian history, past and present, lends sad emphasis to these words; and it was a pleasure to assure the anxious king that the University is striving to do just that which he desired. Probably few of its Moslem students will become confessed Christians-the obstacles at present are almost insurmountable; but no boy can spend four years in the University without gaining a purer code of morals, new and higher ideals, and a recognition of opportunity and duty that will transform his whole after life.

The School of Oriental Studies, which is the second department of the University, was opened in 1921. Affiliating itself with the Study Center already mentioned, it took over the whole work of instructing missionaries in Arabic, and hilS each year between seventyfive and a hundred students sent by different mission boards. Moslem sheikhs conduct the daily language drill, while at the head of the school are such excellent and enthnsiastic scholars as Canon W. H. T. Gitirdner, Rev. Earl E. Elder and Rev. Arthur Jeffery. The School has a.carefully selected departmental library, and in every way is well equipp'ed for students who. wish to pursue advanced work in Oriental languages and literature.

University Extension is a third department, just beginning to be developed. Experiment has shown that large and eager audiences will attend popular lectures on science,health, education and similar SUbjects. Here is a most promising field for which one of the Amer-

i924j 'i'HE AMER1CAN UNIVERStTY A'f CAIRO

iean professors has specially prepared himself, and in which today the chief limitation is the lack of a hall large enough to hold at least a thousand persons. Such a hall stands almost first among the wants of the University. The creation of other departments should soon rome: it waits not for demands but for funds. Schools of agriculture, medicine, law, journalism, business administration, all are greatly needed in Cairo, and needed at once. Egypt suddenly finds herself an independent nation with the forces of modern civilization streaming in upon her. Her leaders must receive the Western education; and if the ChriRtian form of it is not made accessible, the non-Christian is bound to be established. The American University has done ·wonderfully well in three short vears to develop as far as its pr~sent stage. Though endorsed by several mission boards, it. has been supported almost wholly by private gi.fts, and must look to these for any future development. Just so fast as they come, the leaders of the University stand ready to go forward.

No better summary of the whole situation could be given than that made by the editor of the leading' Arabic daily paper in Cairo, himself an uncle of one of' the students, in a letter to Dr. ·Watson: "Anvone who studies the situa- GANUL-ES SAYYED MUSSALLAMI OF MECCA tion recognizes that Cairo is the center of thinking for the millions who com- A descendant of Mohammed-a student at prise the Arabic-speaking worl{]. Just the University now all that world is moving rapidly towards a renaissance: the spirit of con- tagious enquiry is abroad. Much that is traditional and false is being discarded.

What shall take its place Y I believe that you Americans can lead the way in this new era better than anyone else. I do not speak only of financial sup- port. I refer to ideals, moral and religious, social ancl economic. Our King Fouad I and every thinking citizen have repeatedly expressed their welcome to you and the University. We feel that if you Americans do not provide th~ reconstruction, it is not going to be done."

iVe have been proud that it was an American who discovered the tomb of Tut-ankh-Amen and unveiled its treasures, while all the world watched and applauded. But this little group in Cairo, whose work I have tried to describe, are Americans also, unveiling to Egypt treasures of which no Pharaoh ever dreamed. Shall we not likewise be proud of them, and give them our hearty endorsement and support?

1£ I Were a Young Missionary in Korea BY YI SANG CHar The writer is one of the oldest and most honored and useful of Korean Christians. The following address is the first he has ever been induced to make to foreigners and was given to the Language School students in Seoul, consisting of abont fifty new missionaries engaged in the effort of acquiring the Korean tongue.

T HE first thing ,to do is to forget that you are Americans, who are working among Koreans, and to be fully persuaded that we are all from the same Homeland, some of us having arrived in Korea and Home in America. "Ve are to work for the glory of the Homeland.

As Christians we are one. Our Heavenly Kingdom is above any earthly boundaries. Let us, therefore, not allow pride of nationality to be a hindrance to us in performing the work of the Kingdom. Even the Heavenly Kingdom must be militant and progressive, but its purpose is not to subject and to destroy others, but rather to bring help and salvation to all. In communism, those who have not, wish to take from those who have; but in the Kingdom of God, those who have go out of their way to give to those who have not. The reason for this difference is that earthly kingdoms are age-centric while Christianity centers its aims and efforts upon God.

My first advice to young missionaries is to emulate the older missionaries who have caught this vision of service. America is powerful and large, while Korea is small and weak. Our common membership in the KingdolU of Heaven is the only common basis on which we can lUeet; because it is natural for the powerful to look down on the weak, and for the weak to feel that they are looked down upon. Even in the Church there is something of this feeling due largely, however, to misunderstanding. Ecclesiastical trouble is due to the fact that consciousness of the Kingdom of Heaven does not, as yet, completely dominate the Church.

Consult the oldest missionaries; try to understand the Bible and to understand the Korean people. Put the Kingdom of Heaven first.

1924J A HINDU VIEW OF JESUS CHRIST

A HIND IT VIEW OF JESUS CHRIST M ORE than nineteen hundred years ago, Jesus Christ was . nailed upon the Cross by a Roman Governor. The orthodox Jews who instigated Pilate to commit this infamous crime, were no doubt satisfied that the great move- ment which Christ had set on foot had failed. Failed! It was Roman justice that failed; it was Jewish bigotry that failed. An empire which has ceased to heed the voice of justice and of humanity, and devotes itself to the pursuit of its own selfish interests, is like a rotten tree which awaits but the first passing blast to fall to the ground. The Roman Empire fell, and upon I' its ruins the Church of Christ rose to a great height of power. Today, though organized Christianity but feebly reflects the spirit of its Master, the personality of the Master Himself stands forth before all the world with a compelling grandeur.

Never before have so manv earnest minds of all races and creeds turned to Him for light and guidance in their perplexi- ties. The" number and insight of the new Lives of Christ are alone evidence of this fresh and deepened interest in His life and teaching. But the most impressive proof of it is that Mahatma Gandhi, a Hindu, has sought in the first time in history to apply the Master's teaching to politics as the best means of raising the people of India to a consciousness of their duty to "themselves and to humanity. Mahatma Gandhi, it is true, was "buried alive" under the order of authority. But a seed which is "buried alive" does not die, but gets the opportunity with- out which it cannot fulfil its purpose.

Mahatma Gandhi's movement has made the central teaching of Christ known and cherished in quarters to which a hundred years of the propaganda of Christian Missions had not been able to penetrate. And it has presented it in a form readily assimilable to the Indian mind. Not only among Hindus but among Indian Christians also are being revealed a new meaning and a new purpose in the message of the Galilean Prophet, not antagonistic to or destructive of their precious national heritage, but setting it forth in its full intrinsic worth and value. A Hindu becomes a better Hindu, a Mahomedan a better Mahom- edan, a Parsi a better Parsi by following his own ancestral faith in the master light which Jesus lighted nineteen centuries ago. He himself spoke of His message as a leaven which operates in and through the preexisting stuff of which each nation's life is moulded. Thoughtful Christian missionaries, we are glad, are coming to realize ,the need of recasting their old methods in the new light in which Christ appears today.-'l'he Indian Social Reformer.

IN THE TRAINING SCHOOL TEACHING ILLITERATE WOM~~ N '1'0

The Awakening of Chinese Souls Stori es of lVo'lnen ,in th e Bibk Tp,achers' Training School BY MARY F. PARME:NTER, NANIGNG, CHINA O NE of my duties-nay, one of my chief joys- is to talk person- ally with new students as they enter the Bible Teachers' Training School, and to hear from them the story of their lives. In this way one gets a wonderful glimpse into Chinese life, . also into the awakening of the sonl, and God's way of wooing hearts to Himself. You are invited to sit beside me, to look into the faces illumined by Him who" is Light," and to hear a few of these stories as these Chinese women tell them with unaffected simpllcity.

A young woman, in her twenties, with a strong face and a merry eye, tells the following story of her life: "MyoId home was two days' journey north of Peking. My father and his brothers with their families lived together in the country. Father became a Christian a short time before the Boxer uprising in 1900. At that time he had one child, a little son. .He often visited his pastor's home where he saw new conditions—the girls attending school and developing into fine young womanhood. He would return home and tell mother that he hoped this next litt.le one wou1d be a girl so that he could send her to scho01 and be the father of an educated daughter. A few months 1ater I was born. This baby girl received a welcome. When two years old, there was great trouble in our country and persecution for the Christians. Father went to see the pastor to consult with him about the situation. 'While he was gone conditions became so serious that mother deemed it best to 278

THE AWAKENING OF CHINESE SOULS

escape with my brother and myself. That very night father returned and slept in the home alone not knowing whither we had gone. His neighbors, fearing the consequences of having a Christian in their midst, told the Boxers of his whereabouts. Before daybreak they had murdered him. Mother was very bitter. She hated the neighbors who had betrayed father, and her heart was full of r evenge. She spent weeks making silver paper money to burn at father's grave in order that he might have sufficient money in the spirit world to take revenge on them. The pastor con- stantly visited her seeking to com- fort her and to lead her to believe on her husband's Savionr. After two years she yielded. We were farmers owning property, but after father's death his brothers, as is so often the case in my country, hegan devouring the widow's por- tion. When· mother saw her means of support diminishing, she re- quested of my uncles that they di- vide to her what was left of her share, allowing her to support her- self. This they did. So mother had to manage her own little farm, hir- jng a man to work the fields.

" As soon as we were old enough mv brother and I attended school rel:,~llarly, but there came a time when we had finished the school in our vicinity. 'Ve needed to go to Peking. How could A STUDENT mother afford this! Nothing daunted and determm~ ed to give us an The first Chinese woman in Fukien Prov· in ce to be licensed a8 a "local preacher"

education, she dismissed the farm hand and went into the fields her- self. When we came home for the long summer vacations my brother and I worked with her. In this wav we were both able to continue our education. Mother had become" a. verv ea.rnest Christian. The ladies in our church desired her to come to their Bible School to learn to read that she might become a Bible woman. Mother longed to do this, but if she left the farm we could not study. Knowing ~he cir- cumstances, I determined to go to my principal and ask her fat a scholarship in order to free my mother. It was not an easy thing to do. I prayed many days-I prayed about every detail-then went to the principal, stating the facts. She gladly consented. Mother left the farm and went to Bible School. God answered my prayers.

It was through this experience that I began to know God for myself.

"One day, later on, mother, brother and I were attending a con- ference held by the Bishop of our church. We did not sit together.

He preached on consecration-setting ourselves apart as holy unto the Lord for His service. At the close he had an altar service asking all who would make this decision to come to the altar. I went for- ward and gave myself wholly to the Lord for His service for life.

Then he asked all parents who would thus set apart their children to also kneel at the altar. Vlhen we arose from our knees imagine our delight to find that unknown to each other, mother, brother and I had all been kneeling at the same altar. Great joy filled me! From that hour there has never been a minute when I have not recognized myself as sanctified unto the Lord for His service. After graduating I taught for a time, after which God opened my way to take this training here where I am so happy and am coming to know Him so much better than ever before."

This young woman has since been graduated from the Bible Teachers' Training School, and has returned to Poking where she is doing splendid work, teaching the Bible. * *' :ji:.

In contrast to this student whose young life was disciplined by sorrow and hardship the following is the story of a girl from a large, wealthy official family. She is tall with a lithe, well-rounded, grace- ful figure, a face beautiful and expressive-reflecting the joy within -and most attractive in manner. She says: "My younger sister and I were educated in the government schools. Through the influence of Christians we were both converted and united with the Church. After graduation I was engaged to teach in a provincial girls' school. It was not until later on that I learned that my predecessor, because of the strong anti-Christian feeling of the principal, had not been engaged to return the second year. Upon my arrival at the opening of the school the principal presented me with the regulations of the institution for the faculty members. Two affected me as a Christian, so I frankly stated that I could observe all but two. Since I was a Christian I could not agree to those. It was too late to make changes so he replied, 'Well, say nothing about it!' I sought to Mve Christ in that school. One day a group of girls came to me and asked-'Why do you always look so happy, and why does your face shine soP I replied, 'Because Christ lives in my heart.'

They watched my life closely. Soon they desired to study Chris- tianity. Several of the teachers as well as many of the students pur- chased Bibles and began to study them earnestly. It was against the rules of the school to hold any religious meetings within its walls, so we gathered at a near-by mission chapel for Bible study and prayer, sometimes rising very early for this. As many as sixty enrolled their names in the Church as inquirers. I helped them to the best of

my ability, but I was only a young Christian. My knowledge of the Bible was insufficient to lead them farther than the 'first principles' of the Christian faith. I decided to leave and enter the Bible Teachers' Training School to study and thus prepare for service. The principal was uneasy because of tbis movement in his school. Letters of complaint from parents wer e annoying, hence he gladly released me. Soon after I left he called the matron and said," I want you to go to all the rooms of the girls, search for Bibles and bring them to me; I want to burn them.' The matron replied, 'I cannot do it, for I have a Bible myself and am studying Christianity.' He called a teacher and received the same response-then a second teacherbut all to no avail! .At last he commanded a servant to do it. When BIBLE SCHOOL STUDENTS STARTING OUT 'l'0 PREACH IN THE Cl'l'Y she brought the Bibles he burned them. Upon hearing of this the students were incensed, and went to him with great indignation saying, 'You had no right to burn Bibles which belonged to us.' They demanded a refund of a dollar (perhaps four times the cost) for each one burned. The principal r efunded the money. "

Such was the spirit of this young woman when she entered our school. vVe found her to be an excellent student, gifted and with marked ability and spirituality. She was graduated in June.

Before leaving, this young woman said, "I have felt the call of God to go where Christ is not named, but for family reasons I cannot ·go to distant parts of my country. I have found a market town about a day's journey by boat from my home. It is my purpose to Tent a house there and with a friend of like mind, ·and an older woman to chaperone us, to open a work ourselves. I will trust God for the funds. .At first we will open a half-day school for women,

visit in the homes, and then see how God leads on. My parents have given their consent. When one of my brothers, himself not a Chris- tian, heard of my plan, he said, 'Since you have such faith and zeal, I cannot do less than to help you now and then.' "

'"

Listen to the sad story of the next woman, who was the oldest in a class of thirty that was graduated last June: "I was converted when young, married a Christian man, and became the mother of two children, a boy and a girl. I lived in Anhuei Province, but my husband taught in Nanking University. While there he was taken ill with typhoid fever which proved fatal. When the word of his death came the friends feared to tell me-the young wife who was preparing to go to him–so they called a prayermeeting and during this little service gently broke the news to me. God wonderfully sustained. I taught in a mission school in my native place for thirteen years. My little son loved to pray, sing hymns and talk about the Saviour. Although a well, strong child, he was taken suddenly ill and soon went to be with the Saviour he loved. All· that was left me was my daughter. I centered all the affection of my heart on her. ·When she had finished the grade school I gave up my position as teacher and took her to Nanking to continue her studies. I acted as Bible woman there in order to be near my daughter. Her health gave out and after a lingering illness she was taken from me. My grief was almost unbearable. The neighbors feared that I would lose my mind, but God in great mercy comforted me; Jesus healed my broken heart and filled me with joy. Now I have the wonderful privilege in this school of further preparation for service. My heart praises my Sayiour! I rejoice in Him!"

'" '" '"

The fourth young woman is one who, during' her two years with us, endeared herself to all onr hearts by her genuineness, devotion, zeal and overflowing happiness. She received her diploma in June and has gone back to preach in her own province. This is her story:- "I was the youngest child and only girl. I had nve brothers. We never heard the Gospel until my father was taking a certain journey of several days on foot. The man who carried his load was a Christian. As they travelled along together the man told father something of this new religion, but not being satisfied with his own ability to state it clearly, a few months later he brought his brother to our home to show us more perfectly the way of life. We all gathered in my little country home and listened eagerly and attentively to the gospel story-but none more so than Brother Number FivE.!. He fairly drank in the words! As he heard that Christiam had schools he asked that he might enter one and thus hear more. So with the consent of our parents these men took him to a town a few miles distant where he entered a mission school.

J924] THE AWAKENING OF CHINESE SOULS

"After a few months my oldest sister-in-law became very ill. 'rhe family worshiped idols and practiced many heathen rites in order to save her life, but she died. Then Brother Number Five was brought home from school sick with the same disease. He refused to worship the idols and besought the family not to use the methods that had proven useless for the sister-in-law, but to call upon the true God. He did not die. During his long sickness I loved to sit at his bedside as he told me of .Tesus and of salvation through Him. I was converted at that bedside. I had a nephew just about my age in the home. I brought him in to hear, and he, too, accepted Christ. We three children were very happy in our newly-found Saviour, but none of the older members of the family believed at that time.

STUDENTS SELECTING MATERIAL TO USE IN THEIR EVANGELISTIC MEETtNGS "In our home was a very dear aged grandmother, greatly respected and revered by all. A few months later she passed away. According to the custom of my country she mnst have a great funeral with no end of idolatrous rites and ceremonies. When all the family reverently worshiped her as she lay in her coffin, we three children absolutely refused. This incurred the fierce anger of father. It descended more especially upon the head of Brother Number Five. Father said to him: 'You are not my son-all I ask of you is to return me the number of pounds with which yon came into the world.' This was very hard for a truly filial son to bear, but he quietly slipped a,vay and returned to his school. 'rhis left nephew and myself to stand alone. According to custom a month later all must worship at grandmother's grave. Nephew and I made ourselves scarce that day. our absence not being specially noticed. Another month came around and we tried the same plan. This time we were not so successful for

mother caught on to our ways, but when we stood true to our convictions, refusing to worship, she let us off with a severe scolding.

"Later on all the family became Christians. I was allowed to go to school. I am so grateful to God for so wonderfully saving me -a child in the country where not even the name of the Saviour had been heard-that I can but give my life to tell the Gospel to others who sit in like darkness."

* Another girl says: "I was educated in government schools, was self-sufficient, selfrighteous and hated the Christ,ian religion. I held a fine position as teacher in a government normal school with a salary which was ample to satisfy any Chinese lady. r had lost all faith in idols and did not believe in the existence of a God. Through the quiet influence of a Chinese young woman, herself an earnest Christian, a number of our students became interested in Christianity. The Principal, fearing the Board of Education who were exceedingly anti-Christian, looked to me to help counteract this influence. Christians sought in various ways to lead me into the truth, but it seemingly only aroused a spirit of animosity within me. Nevertheless I could not get away from the question-'Is there a God~' In my soul there was great unrest. One day as I was accompanying some of our students on a boat on the 'Yang-tze River, and as I beheld the beautiful landscape before me, there was revealed to my soul the existence of a Oreator- God. I knew that He was the Ohristian's God. From that day I believed in God, but not in Ohrist. I felt no need of a Saviour. I read the Bible, enjoying the portions that I thought resembled the writings of Oonfucius, but not caring for the doctrinal parts. However, the more I read the Bible the more I realized that a great deal of it had not yet entered into my life. By refusing to accept any part that I could not understand I shut myself from its most blessed teachings. I grew more and more unhappy-and to my heart there came a great yearning to know the whole truth. One day as I was reading about Peter walking on the water, Christ's rebuke to him, '0 thou of little faith, wherefore didst thou doubtf' was spoken by the Spirit directly to my own heart. I was deeply convicted of the sin of unbelief. I knelt and told the Lord that I would believe the Bible whether I understnod it or not. I received Christ as my Saviour. Rest, peace, joy filled my being. I soon knew that I could not remain in the government school; God called me to spread abroad the knowledge of Him to my own people."

It is not strange that the Spirit of God marvelously opened up His Holy Word to one who had promised to believe before she understood. During the five years since her conversion she has borne much fruit. She is teaching in a Bible School, is greatly used in evangelistic work, and is one of the editorial staff of a helpful and

'!'HE AWAk:8NJNG 0]' CHINES:8 SOULS

splendid magazine published by a small company 1)f consecrated Chinese-pastors and teachers-who are seeking to build up the Chinese Church. **"

We can only tell one more of these soul histories. It is a wonderful story of a girl of rare beauty, with clear' olive skin, and a sweet, lady-like beariug. She says: "My father is an official in Chekiang Province. Mother died when I was very young leaving two children. Father married again. I studied in my own home but afterwards was sent to a mission school for girls. While there I confessed Christ and united with the Church without consulting with my parents for I knew they would not give their permission. Of course they learned of it, and the consequence was that I was not permitted to return to school at the close of the next vacation, but had their permission to attend Church on Sundays. Later on Miss Dora Yii came to hold a series of meetings. As she preached Christ crucified I was' deeply convicted of sin and made a full confession. Previous to this time I had loved Christ for the beauty of His character and life, but had not realized that He had died for my sin. How I loved Him as I saw Him crucified' for me! I resolved to live Christ in mv home and shine for Him as I h'a.tt not done before. , With this change there began bitter per- secution. I was forbidden to attend Church. I spent Sundays alone in my room studying the Bible and praying. Moreover father decided to betroth me. He chose a good young man from a fine family, but since he was a heathen, I would not give my consent. This greatly grieved my father who loved me deeply. He considered me unfilial. This was hard to bear. When he found that I was not moved he sent for brother to come home to persuade me. Brother said, 'Sister, I know something of the Christian religion. It is right for you to worship God with your spirit for He gave it, it belongs to Him, but your body belongs to your parents who gave it to you, and you ought to obey your parents with your body. Our parents are distressed over your disobedience.' As he presented this argument in a moment of weakness I yielded and consented to the betrothal. In a few days all were making preparations for a grand heathen wedding. My heart sank within me. I could not bear it! 'l'here was left to me bu't one resource-God! I made my prayer unto Him; I besought Him to work out my deliverance. Through family matters in the home of my fiance God wonderfully intervened. My wedding was postponed that spring and again in the fall.

Then God began to speak to me about preaching. He spoke first through Acts 6: 14. 'We will give ourselves continually to prayer and the ministry of the Word.' As His call became clear I knew I must have preparation, so I asked my stepmother if I might go to the Nanking Bible Teachers Training School. She not only refused but was very angry. The way seemed closed. The Lord

spoke again through Gal. 1: 15, 16. '1 conferred not with flesh and blood.' Also through Heb. 11: 8, 'By faith Abraham ….. went out, not knowing whither he went.' As I prayed I felt that I was to leave home and go to school without the permission of my parents. 1 arose very early one morning, and leaving a letter for father in which I thanked him for all he had been to me, told him of my call and purpose, saying I must obey God, 1, too, went out not knowing whither I was going. I did not even know the ,'lay to the station, but in the court 1 met a servant who took me without question. I went to the home of a missionary friend, but the next train brought a servant with a message from father ordering me home. 1 felt that 1 must obey but two Christian friends went with me. Father was very angry and utterly refused to allow me to attend Bible School. vVe three decided to go to our knees and remain there until he yielded. Finally he consented for me to return with my friends with the promise that if my fiance gave his consent for me to go to Nanking he would withdraw his objections. 'Within a short time my fiance heartily agreed. I made all arrangements to go, but my father would not allow me to leave the house. He even offered to send me abroad to study if 1 would abandon my purpose to go to Bible School, but 1 was not moved. The call of God was upon me. Again my only resource was God. I decided to fast and pray until father gave permission. 'When this news reached brother he speedily came home, this time to persuade my father! He said to father, 'While sister's going to Nanking is the same as burying her, yet if she is kept at home it will also mean her burial.' Father was thus persuaded. No daughter of his should be helped by mission funds, so he agreed to pay all expenses. I took the train for Nauking escorted by brother and uncle! On the train brother said to me, 'Sister, as 1 see how you have suffered, and have come out from home with only these '-pointing to my one trunk and roll of bedding, -'how you have given up wealth and all the worldly advantages that were yours, in order to follow Christ-I am convinced that the Christian religion must be true!"

This young woman has "gro,vll in grace and in the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ." She was a power for God in the school, giving abundant evidence by life, words and works that she was truly called by Him. She was graduated in January, 1923. A month later she was mightily used in leading a great revival in a large city, at which time many Christians were quickened and blessed, and many were converted. She received invitations to conduct similar services in other places, but felt the call of God to go 110me to seek to lead her family to Christ. Word has already been received .of the conversion of her stepmother who had hitherto most bitterly persecuted her. Her heart is truly filled with a love for souls and a passion to win them to Christ.

Indians in Bolivia and

BY REV. WEBSTER E. BROWNING, PH.D.

Educational Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America nA.recent inclusive trip of some eight months through the re- publics of South America gave a renewed opportunity for the study of the condition of the Indian tribes, especially in the far interior of Peru and Bolivia.

The work being done by the evangelical churches of the United States, on behalf of these simple children of the soil, is slight in extent, but many indications reveal an unusual opportunity for advance. 'l'wo situations that were specially noted are to be mentioned in this article.

The Seventh Day Adventists carryon a work among the Indians who live on the borders of Lake Titicaca, in Bolivia and Peru. In a large district, where no other evangelical body has as yet planted its work, this society has built up one of the best instances of constructive missionary education for the aboriginal population that can be found in South America.

Lake Titicaca lies up in the high Andes, at an altitude of almost 12,500 feet above the sea, and its waters are always near the freezing point. The entire region round about is bare and cold and cheerless. Yet this immedate district is the center of two or three millions of Indians who are the descendants of the once powerful races over which the Inca chieftains ruled until the coming of the Spaniards in the sixteenth century. Many of these Indians have been received into the Roman Catholic Church, and by it are claimed as loyal children; yet it is but a baptized paganism which has come to them and in times of stress and doubt the simple heart of the native turns to bis pagan divinities and he bows down and worships them. One who has traversed these bleak upland plains cllnnot wonder that the Indian, from time immemorial, has looked upon the sun as his god and that even yet, in spite of a veneer of Christian teaching, he considers it his principal deity.

The Adventist missionaries have undertaken a work in this I'egion that has already done much for the material and spiritual uplift of the Indian population. This work is divided into the usual educational, medical and evangelistic departments, but this short statement can treat of the first only.

The latest statistics state that seventy-eight schools have now been established, with a total registration of 3,700 pupils. The majority of the teachers in these schools are Indians who have been trained under missionary direction, and Qne whiteman to every ten or twelve natives acts as instructor and superintendent. The build- 287

ings are of the most primitive and simple construction and in most cases have been erected by the pupils themselves, who have thus learned practically something of the art of building. In one case, ,yhen labor was lacking, sixty-five teachers who had gathered at .fuliaca, on the borders of Lake Titicaca, to attend a normal institute, undertook the work themselves and carried the construction of the building to completion.

In these schools, in addition to the instruction in ordinary branches and in the Bible, much stress is laid on industrial training, and carpentry, black-smithing and farming are taught in a practical manner, under trained teachers. The whole region is being helped and government officials who are familiar with the situation are loud in their praises of the work that is being done. Recognizing that the lndian has had much of mystic teaching from the dominant church of the country, which has done little for his uplift and which is generally beyond the comprehension of his childlike mind, which has been further deadened by the use of coca leaves and the lack of sufficient food and clothing, the missionaries have endeavored to give him that industrial training which will benefit him physically and materially, but have not omitted the instruction which has to do with the soul.

One worker of this mission has now gone down into central Peru, a tropical region which is peopled by savage tribes who fear the white man and, as a rule, lose no opportunity to attack him, and has opened his work on the banks of the Perene River. One baptism is reported and the missionary, who is a physician, :finds a ready response to his efforts.

A second situation to which reference may be made is that which exists in the region contiguous to the ancient city of Cuzco, Peru, which was once the center of the Incan Empire and is distant a day's journey in train from Lake Titicaca, and the work already referred to.

The Indians in this region, who have been unusually exploited by both priests and politicians, are now openly declaring that they are done with Christianity as they have known it and are determined to return to their primitive pagan beliefs and practices. Some of them have heard of evangelical Christianity and have sought to obtain teachers and preachers, but in vain. The missionaries of the Evangelical Union of South America, which is a British society, have a small but very efficient hospital and clinic in Cuzco and an industrial farm at a near-by point. Yet they are unable to answer the calls that come to them from the great region round about and unless they are reenforced or help comes to them from another source, it is altogether probable that in the next few years we shall have to witness a wholesale lapse of the Indian popUlation into its pagan practices. The frontispiece photograph shows a group of 108 Indian chiefs, each of whom is the representative of a village or small tribe, who came more than a year ago in a body to solicit

JA..1VlES 1. GOOD~ENLARGER OF THE I<INGDOM

help from the missionaries in Cuzco. They stated that they could get no protection from the Government against either the priests or the local politicians and, as a last hope, they had come to the evangelical missionaries. Here again they were turned away, since no workers were available to meet their l'equest for teachers and preachers who might instruct them, and they went disconsolately back to their villages and little farms with the message to their people that from no source could help be secured. Unfriended, helpless, exploited, they must watch the daily encroachment of the white man on their ancient domain; the increasing arrogance and neglect of the official church from which they had hoped to secure redress, and they are doomed to go down into the darkness of death with no adequate knowledge of that Christ of Whom they have but vaguely heard.

When will the evangelical churches of the United States awaken to an appreciation of their responsibility for these millions of fellow Americans who are as utterly pagan and as distressingly needyphysically, intellectually and spiritually-as the lowest and most llIiserable of the peoples of Asia or Africa?

James I. Good-Enlarger of the Kingdom BY ALLEN R. BARTHOLOMEW, PHILADELPHIA, P A.

secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the U. S.

N Oone can estimate what the death of Dr. James T. Good, Pres- ident of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the United States, means in loss to the Church and to the cause of missions. For thirty-one years this man of God stood in the forefront of our missionary work. His was a unique entrance into the circle of our Board of Foreign Missions. He had not served any apprenticeship as a member of the Board, but at its very first meeting, after his election by the General Synod in the year 1893, we chose him as our president. And what a wealth of faith, wisdom, patience, devotion and zeal he brought to his high and sacred position in the Church of his Fathers! His soul was all aflame with the sublime passion of winning the world to Christ.

His sudden death in Philadelphia on January 22d, has cast a cloud of sorrow' over a wide circle of Christian fellowship. This was brought out in the addresses at the funeral services and in the many messages of sympathy. He was a minister of the Reformed Church, but the ministries of his long career and his broad catholic spirit were spent in binding together and strengthening the churches whose doctrines, worship and government were alike. He was especially active in the American Section of the Alliance of Reformed Churches. In this "relation he became deeply interested, during the past five years, in a self-sacrificing ministry to the stricken pastors 14

and people of the Reformed family in war-smitten Europe. Only the recording angel in Heaven can tell of his unceasing labors in gathering funds and clothing for the needy and bringing comfort and joy by letters of sympathy and by personal visitations to Poland, Bohemia, Hungary, Austria and other devastated countries. The name and influence of Dr. Good today is as great, if not greater, in Europe than in our own country.

James Isaac Good was born in York, Pennsylvania, December 31, 1850, the son of Rev. William A. and Susan B. (Eckert) Good. He spent his youthful days in Reading, Pennsylvania, where his father was principal of a select school for girls, pastor of several congregations. in the vicinity, and the first superintendent of the Common Schools in Berks County. The son was a graduate of Lafayette College, 1872, and of Union Theological Seminary, 1875. He was licensed by Lebanon Classis of the Reformed Church in the U. S. in 1875 and held pastorates in Heidelberg Church, York, Pennsylvania, 1875-7; Heidelberg Ohurch, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1877-90; and Calvary Ohurch, Reading, Pennsylvania, 1890-1905.

In connection with his last pastorate, he served as professor of Church History, Dogmatics and Practical Theology and Dean of Ursinus School of Theology. Upon the union of Ursinus School of Theology and Heidelberg Theological Seminary under the title of Central Theological Seminary, Dayton, Ohio, he became professor of Reformed Church History and Liturgics, 1907-24. He was Pres- ident of the General Synod of the Reformed Ohurch in the U. S.

1911-14, American Section of the Alliance of Reformed Churches, Vice-President of the World Alliance of the Reformed and Presbyterian Churches, and honorary member of the Huguenot Society of Pennsylvania. He was President of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in the U. S., 1893-1924.

He was a prolific author and a frequent traveller to Europe. His contributions to the historical literature of the Reformed Ohurch will make his influence a perpetual presence in the minds and hearts of our pastors and people. The primary object of his many visits to Europe was always in search of new treasures to enrich the history of the Church of his Fathers. On account of these labors of love. he has made all the churches with Reformed ancestry heavy debtors. His intense interest in the historv and doctrines of the Church of the Reformation made him zealou~ in helping young men to prepare for the Christian,ministry. Hundreds of pastors are now serving in our own and other churches, due to his liberal contributions. Truly, he was a recruiting servant of Christ and deserves the title "Enlarger of the Kingdom."

Doors in Latin

BY H. AND S. B. STRACHAN Organizer of the Latin America Evangelization Campaigrr T HE majority of the ninety million people of Latin America .are still practically unevangelized, for they are still without an adequate knowledge of the Gospel of Christ. The present missionary forces are pitifully inadequate to the great task of evangelizing these masses. For example, in Colombia there is only one Evangelical missionary to 225,000 people. Of the total missionary force of thirty men and women, twenty-two are concentrated in three large centres, with a population of 250,000. It is a physical impossibility for a man to evangelize hundreds of thouf-ands of people, scattered over an immense district, with a mule as the only means of transport. Even where work is fairly well manned only a small fractie)ll of the people is being reached, largely because of the prejudice fostered by the priests against what they term a foreign and heretical religion. The growing atheism in Latin America and the gross superstitions of the masses are both antagonistic to the progress of Christianity.

Our recent missionary trip of one year through the greater part of Latin America was undertaken with a view to making a survey of the situation and of planning an evangelistic campaign among these unreached millions. We travelled over 30,000 miles in Central America, the West Indies, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina. We had abundant opportunity to see the situation at first hRlld both in occupied and in unoccupied territory. The mission stations, widely scattered, are but pin points of light in the vast darkness which covers the continent from Mexico to the Magellan Straits and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Noone who has seen conditions in Latin America will contend that Romanism offers adequate light to relieve that darkness for both in doctrine and in practice it denies fundamental truths of the Christian religion. r1'he moral, spiritual and intellectual inheritance of the Latin American peoples from four centuries of Romanism is conclusive evidence that her light has not dispelled the darkness.

The problem of the evangelization of Latin America has never been handled in any adequate way. After what has been called" an experiment" of from fifty to seventy years, the evangelical membership of all denominations is only a little over one hundred thousand. The work has been too great for the missionary forces employed even jf the resources at their command had been more adequate to the task imposed upon them. Take for example, the six Central American republics which have an estimated popUlation of 6,000,000 that pres- 291

ent today a harvest field ready for the reaping. Guatemala has over two millions of that total with about fifty missionaries, men and women, or, one missionary to every 34,000 people. The remaining four million Central Americans have one missionary to every one hundred thousand. The whole situation from the point of view of adequate occupation of the field is tragic. Moreover the fact is that as a rule the missionaries grouped in certain areas, so that large territories, with hundreds of thousands of souls, are entirely unreached.

Everywhere the doors are wide open to Christian workers. The intelligent classes repudiate the superstitions of Rome, but they have nothing to take its place. The poorer people gladly hear the Gospel when they have the opportunity. People who will not under any circumstances go to the ordinary mission hall or church, will come to places unassociated with religion, to some neutral ground, as for example, tents, theatres, working men's hall, the public plazas, etc. In such places the message will have an unprejudiced hearing. Evidence of this was seen at Barranquilla in Colombia (the most fanatical of all the ;Latin republics) where the special meetings were inaugurated by a meeting in an open air theatre, the first ever held in Barranquilla. Despite the fact that there was only one day in which io organize the meeting and make announcement of it, a crowd of over five hundred people came. The majority of them had not heard the Gospel before, but the order and interest were all that could be desired. Many of the same people attended the services in the church on succeeding nights and a number manifested their desire to accept Christ their Saviour.

This experience was repeated in other cities and it was invariably found that after once hearing the Gospel, there was no difficulty in getting people into a mission hall. In one city where a union service on the Sunday morning attracted some twenty people to the preaching ball, a meeting in the public plaza that same afternoon, (the first that had ever been held in that city), had the effect of crowding the place to its utmost capacity to hear the simple presentation of Christ as the All-sufficient Saviour who not only died to save men from the penalty of their sin, but who lives to save them from its power.

Surely the time has come when some serious and adequate attempt should be made to preach the Gospel to these multitudes and the missionaries are practically unanimous in the opinion that the time is fully ripe for a campaign of aggressive evangelism on a large scale. Some such movement is the only solution of the problem of evangelizing the unreached millions of the American continent.

As a result of the survey trip above referred to we have been led to organize the Latin A.merican Evangelization Campaign, which, as its name indicates, undertakes to carry out such campaigns of evangelism throughout Latin America.

MBTHODS

EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 721 MUHLENBERG BUILDING, PHILADELPHlA., PA.

MISSIONS IN THE COUNTRY CHURCHES A statement issued by Roger Babson, wizard of statistics, brings the information that a study of two hundred of the greatest business con- cerns of America reveals the fact that 300/0 of them were made successful by sons of ministers. A large majority of the thirty per cent were sons of poor country preachers. If a similar study of great missionaries and supporters of mission work were made it would likely reveal the fact that more than 50% of them came from the farm and the little country church.

See the lad lying amongst the braeberries upon the bank of a stream that flowed close by his father's Highland cottage, nestled beneath the shadow of the Grampians. It was there in the open country that Alex- ander Duil', farmer's son, dreamed his dream and saw his golden chariot drawn by horses of fire and heard the voice that bade him "Come up hit.her; I have work for thee to do."

Turn your eyes to a farm in Canada. See a group o:f boys splitting large rocks for the :foundation of a barn. Note the sturdy little :fellow who, after the others are ready to quit, insists that" the big one" yet left be split before they go in, and with enthusiasm leads oil' into the woods to bring in more logs and brush to burn around the great stone for the rock-splitting process. Here in the open country George Leslie Mackay formed the purpose which led him to Formosa, to break the seemingly unbreakable rock of the island's heathenism.

Look down the line and see a little Pennsylvania girl, dressed most properly in her Sunday clothes, walking dOlVn the road from her father's big white house to the little rural church for a Sunday afternoon mis- sionary meeting, which was to be addressed by a returned missionary. TJook again thirty years later to South India and see the Kaiser-a-Hind medal awarded by the British Government to Dr. Anna S. Kugler for distinguished service.

A barefoot country boy has learned his lesson o:f stewardship so well that he takes a penny out of his dime and gives it to missions and then puts another penny in the basket, for his offering. A few years pass and a business man of New York says to his pastor, "Count on me for $250 more this year for the Lord's work. I've had a $2,500 inerease in salary and I'll add a thank-offering above that for some speeial work."

Many chapters of the history of missionary achievement have their beginning on the farm or in the rural church.

THE AUTOMOBILE Al'I'D MISSIONS There are yet missionary leaders who Years seem to be required to lift us pray the Lord to open the doors to out of ruts of thinking and talking. the non-Christian world because their 293

fathers and mothers so prayed, all un- directions for decorations says" arti- conscious of the fact that the doors are ficial palm branches may be made now open. by-" is but one instance of failure So it is that we still talk about the to adapt plans to the terms of one's impossibility of getting together for a own resources.

missionary meeting in a country Do not discard a method of work as church. .As a matter of fact almost impractical until you have studied every farmer has an automobile, or a r,arefully the possibility of adapting it.

horse and buggy. The farmers' wives MISSION STUDY IN THE COUNTRY and the farmers' daughters are learning to drive the automobiles. Fortu- CHURCH nately the farmer doesn't have to have the automobile to plow or harrow. A young college student became The work on the farm doesn't have to greatly interested in Mission Study. stop if his wife or daughter takes the Such a thing as a Mission Study Class car to go to a missionary meeting. had never been thought of in the Along the way automobile-less neigh- country church from which he came. bors may be picked up. An ever-in- For months the pUlpit of that church creasing mileage of good .roads is had been vacant, as it frequently was, helping to make possible larger as- due to ever recurring dissensions and semblages in the rural community. divisions. The student was not an es- We need to readjust our thinking and pecially brilliant man. He was rather to test our .reasons and see whether slow of speech. No whirlwind camthey are merely perennial excuses. paign would have considered him, but he had conviction, determination, per- A field worker who has spent recent sistence and faith. He was convinced months in work among rural churches that the doors of his church should says. "I am convinced that the impos- not remain closed simply because there sibility of getting together for a mi,,- was no pastor,and that at least the sionary meeting in a country church young people might meet together for is an attitude of mind handed down mission study and worship. He defrom one generation to another." termined that he would help to ar- range for such meetings. He met all Let us make new plans with new rlifficulties with persistence and faith. conditions-good roads, automobiles, Each Sundav he went back home from telephones, radio before us. college for the Mission Study at the ADOPT, ADAPT, ADEPT country church. A program of wor- Some one has said that the three ship was planned in connection with words whieh explain the marvelous the study. Soon almost the entire con- growth of Japan's power and influ- gregation was in attendance. The ence, since that nation began to adopt little group that was really doing the western ways of thought, are adopt, study work made plans for presenting adapt, adept. the chapters in different ways to en- Leaders in rural churches may be list the interest of all the people.

similarly adept in adopting and adap- The closin~ day of the study came ting the various methods used success- and with it plans for an all-day moot- fully in city and town churches. ing with "dinner on the grounds."

Sometimes the substitution of a Two missionary leaders were invited candle for an electric light, or the to be present~one to speak in the flowers and ferns of the mountains mornin/! and the other in the after- for those of the hothouse is an advan- noon. It semed that the time had tap:e rather than a disadvantage. come to give an opportunitv :for the ex- The tragedy of making artificial pression of impressions. The mission- palms for pageant decoration in a llr~' gifts of that congregation'had been land.of waving palm trees with a veri- n(,gligible. The chief effort heretofore table wilderness of natural branches had been expended in protestations an around, simply because the printed that the assessment or apportionment

1924J BEST METHODS

for missions was entirely too high. to the other side of the world and others who would be missionaries and Deficits were always to be expected. missionary work.ers at home.

The young student prayed and Another school teacher who had a delightful village home with a lawn planned that the support of a native shaded by great trees invited a group of teen age girls to spend an hour with pastor in Japan might result from this her on her porch or lawn every Sun- day afternoon for eight weeks. The class. In advance of the meeting he invitation was eagerly accepted and under the trees during the summer prepared a calendar chart showing months a group of eight girls studied 365 days. ~~t the morning meeting, " Comrades in Service."

following an inspiring address, a state- ment was made about the need for native pastors. The cost of support for such a pastor' was announced as $1.25 a day. Different individuals as- sumed a day or a week. The student THERE IS SOMETHING IN A NAME who was living most economically to help himself through college pledged A new school teacher moved into a a month's support. Soon the entire rural community. She didn't move in amount was assumed. A new day as a revolutionist. People scarcely dawned for that church. Instead of realized that she was making changes trying "t.o get out of" paying an as- until they were made.

sessment levied tbo'vgetht eindteon"otmheinpartiiovin~ The boys and girls who lived in the effort was" scattered farm houses stretched out lege of assuming a share in the work along the five miles between the coun- in which they were interested. try schoolhouse and the church in the In another community a school little, village, said it was absolutely teacher in a mountain district decided impossible to walk to the church for ~hc would have a Mission Study Class the monthly missionary meeting, but for boys and girls. She had attended everyone was enthusiastic when the a Summer Conference and had become teacher proposea a Saturday hike with very enthusiastic over Mission Study knapsacks and provisions for an out- possibilitie,:;. To keep the enthusiasm door meal along the way. The teach- aglow back in her lonely mountain er with the boys and girls nearest the district was a difficult task. No one schoolhouse started out in the morn- there knew anything of missions or ing and were joined by other eager mission study. The children came boys and girls from t.he various farm from remote ·sections. There seemed honses along the way. By a spring no chance for a snecial assembla!1'e on the outskirts of the villagc they after they had once /rone home. To fried bacon, scrambled eggs and roast- popularize "staving in aft.er school" ed potatoes. At two o'clock they were seem<'d an impossible task. but !'the ac- at the church ready for the missionary complished it. Sbe announced that meeting. A walk would have heen evel'V one who wOllld stay after school tiresome. A hike was a treat. Once could be in the Mission StudY Class. a month when the weather was good and learn Rbout pl10ple who lived on thev were ready for a similar hike the other side or the world. Most of with three Saturdays each month left the boys and girls did not know anv- for other things. '

thing- about the Deople who lived on RECRUITING GROUNDS the other fide oi' the mountain even. The great search today in all im- portant enterprises is the search f01· Thev were soon fascinatf'd with the men. Some- time al<o Charles M. Schwab announced that the onl;v quesother side of the world. Pel'Severin!>'- tion to be considered bv his company in openinlt a new plant was-men. lv the tell.~her kent at her ilifiicult tllsk Sites. be said. are always to be had. Money can always be m'ade available. with faith to believe that Rome dav there would come from her clear-eyed boys and l!ir1.~ of the mountains. men and women who would themselves go

The real question is, ean the men be The church was filled to the doors found to make the plant successfulT with men and women and a few small In both home and foreign mission children. On the front seat at every enterprises also the real question is session there sat a little boy with keen -men. Given the right sort of men brown eyes. He seemed never to tire and they will lay hold of all the re- of the discussions or the addresses.

sources of God and of their fellowmen. When pictures and curios of other The best recruiting ground for mis- lands were displayed he was all eager sionary leadership is the country attention. During the announcements church. We do well to study especially of missionary literature he noted es- recruiting methodB ill the light of con- pecially one book for sale and left the ditions in the country church. ehurch to go to his home near by to PLANNING MISSIONARY ITINERARIES. empty his savings bank to get money to buy that book. The visit of a returned missionary to New York or Chicago or San Fran- Today a careful review of that concisco is not a matter to excite general gregation reveals not a single man or comment or interest. Missionaries woman whose life was known to have of distination have even been known been greatly changed by that meetto speak in these and other great cities ing, but that one boy has given his to almost empty pews. life to Christian service and is now a pastor and missionary leader of in- The coming of a returned mission- fluence. ary to a rurlll communi.ty is an entire- Iv different matter. The fact that A SUBSTITUTE MEETING. Have you ~isits from missionaries are rare adds ever tried a substitute meeting? Inimportance to the occasion. The stead of missionaries from various event is discussed before and after it~ lands, appoint substitutes to represent occurrence. There are seldom any them. Make a team of substitute miHvacant seats. Ther<! are among us sionaries as speakers. Mrs. A. is as~ those who will never forget the day 011 signed to represent some missionary which the first foreign missionary we from Africa, Mrs. B. may be a we;lhad ever seen came to our little rural known doctor of China and so on. church and challenged us to lift np Speakers are expected to study the our eyes and look upon some countr.'~ work most carefully and to be able to that had previously had no place in nre&ent it from the standpoint of the missionaries whom they represent. the world of our interest. Such a team of speakers may go to Do not leave out the country church several churches for a series of meet- ing-s. Attractive announcements and when you plan missionary itineraries. invitations may be made stating the It may not be possible to have mis- universal desire to have certain wellsionaries or secretaries visit each known missionaries present, and the church. Often members from the faet that they will be represented by churches of an entire county may be substitutes, who will present their gathered for an all-day meeting. work. Frequently a grou'!) of churches may join in such a meeting. Sometimes a On the program announce: missionary rally for boys and' girls of :MiRS Blank-substituting for Dr. Ida a rural community may be arranged. Scudder. Often the most lasting as well as the Mr. Blank-substituting for Sam Higgin· most far-reaching influence or a mis- bottom, etc.

sionary visit is with the boys alid girls. COUNTY OR COMMUNITY CON- In a little country church in the TESTS south, twenty years ago, a missionary day was arranged as part of a synod '8 MISSIONARY EXHmITS AT THE COUN- program. No one had thought in TY FAIR. Some counties have fairs terms of the children oj' the com- that are creditable, and worth while.

munity. They may be made more worth while

BEST MEl'HODS

by the presentation of exhibits by to do so, donating a book on each various missionary agencies. Posters, birthday. eharb, and maps, giving interesting facts should be displayed. A large The books, of course, should be map of the world with a small electric chosen or approved by a committee light, or a flag placed to show the sta- in order to make a well balanced lition of each worker from the county brary. or community, who has gone into missionary service, is valuable. Pictures Often there are individuals who will of the work being done, and booths of donate missionary books to the Sun- different lands showing curios and ob- day-school library if some one will jects illustrative of life and customs keep them informed from time to time add greatly to such an exhibit. Poster of the new books that should be addcontests should be announced before- ed. There are almost no country hand in various periodicals and churches that have really worthwhile churches. missionary libraries, yet here lies pos- sibility for influencing lives in a way A Cmmty Missionary Reunion. A that can scarcely be overestimated. number of counties and communities have held successful reunions, most of A pastor of a rich city church said which have been in the form of a sum- rec~ntly, "We are very much limited mer pilmic with addresses in a park, in our outlook. There are only a few picnic ground or an auditorium. children in our entire congregation."

Special features may be: Why not invest in futures-in the boys and girls in some country con- 1. Missionary music led by a good gregation that has no adequate library director. by supplying them with worth-while booksf 2. Presentation of missionaries and addresses. MISsroNARY PERIODICALS. "I should like to give Everyla,nd to a large num- 3. A pageant or a,number of short ber of boys and girls in mountain dis- dramatizations. tricts, " said a woman in a School of II'Iissions. What an opportunity for 4. A missionary story telling or dec- service! A magazine in the name of a lamation contest. There may be spe- child who receives little mail means cial missionary games and stories for every word read eagerly. In thinking groups of children. of the children who will playa large part in the world's future, think not The preliminary contests may be only of those who are in homes of carried on all the year. A story con- we~Ith and power, but of Mr. Bab- test, for instance, may be held in each son's ·statistics on the obscure origin local church with the understanding of men of great affairs. that the winners may enter. for the county or community finals. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD should have a far larger circu- MISSIONARY LITERATURE IN THE lation in rural communities. At a convention attended largely by dele- COUNTRY CHURCH gates from country churches, there was a feeling of "no use trying to If a missionary library is essential take subscriptions to the REVIEW here. in a city with large public libraries Country people will not subscribe." near at hand, it is doubly necessary in However, sample copies were dis- the rural community. Each church played, an announcement made and may have its own books or there may almost thirty subscriptions received. be a community missionary library. If a thorough systematic effort were made to circulate the REVIEW in rural One library was started by each churches, a liberal course in mission- member of a society donating one ary education would result. . book. The books thus obtained were circulated among all the members. A Do NOT OVERLOOK: THE COUNTY Birthday Library may be maintained by each member, or as many as care

PAPER. Almost unrecognized and un- ally disappear; if the people do not used as a missionary possibility has want jazz music, it will be discarded; been the county paper, yet it is doubt- if the people do want magazine seC- ful whether any other periodical has tions they will be added; if the peo- a higher ·average of circulation, in a ple do want grand opera it will community and a more thorough and replace the jazz orchestra-that is, if interested reading. Certainly few the people will say so. editors are 80 easy of access as are the editors of county papers, and few If a sufficient number of consumers columns so open to the people as are say that they would like to have at a the columns of these weekly sheets. certain hour each week a missionary address on a certain subject, the pro- Each denomination should have a ducers are likely to arrange for that publicity representative. These rep- address. resentatives of the evangelical chu,rch- es of the community may form a Is there an almost undreamed-of publicity committee. possibility here ~ In the coming year all the churches of America will be To the bare notices of meetings, studying the various races and China. items of larger meaning may be added. Cannot arrangements be made that a Is a Thank-offering meeting to be an- course of radio lectures be given dur- nounced T Add to it the total amount ing the periods in which the largest of the Thank-offering of the society or number of classes are to be held? An- church last year; tell what the entire nouncement could be made long denomination gave as a Thank-offer- enough in advance so that in the most ing; comment upon the work accom- isolated country home equipped with plished by the Thank:offering-a radio, the lectures could be heard. hospital built in India, a school maintained in China, homes established in Every Hour oftheU many lands. Is there to be a Mission Study Class begun or concluded? Use Somewhere' the opportunity to give publicity to Your Church some of the most interesting facts pre- is sented. The study of each chapter of "The Debt Eternal" as presented 'W'hM:pan~ ,.o..a p,. lO ha~ "'" with special reference to community conditions would furnish interesting ,_ ~ ' $I(I~ mmure-.$600 an items for publication. b.,ur…,.u M:CdoJ to kt'r tbt W~ During the course of a year a num- WOl'k oftN~ ~ ber of missionaries may visit various churches. Invite the editor to dine ~ IMJ.B " – N'I J~4· TMa.C" » Ma,t with them as they come and go, or a ~minlow"'»,~ ~ . have the missionaries call on the editor. If in addition to the information which the editor may glean in an interview the missionary hands him a sheet on which he has written some of the important facts about his mission, world condition:;; and international relationship8, there is yet a larger possibility of better space and more accurate statements.

WHAT DOES RADIO OFFER? .A POST ER OJ' THF; C ONGREGATIONAL C H URCH ES, EXHlJ3ITED AT THE I NDIANAPOLI S CONVE~TION "What the people want" is the deciding factor in what business concerns offer. If the people do not want colored supplements they will eventu-

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY COOPERATION IN STATES AND best method yet devised for securing cooperation in Home Missions. OTHER AREAS The deputation visitors and the From the report of the Committee for 1923, local missionary leaders divided into Lemuel Call Barnes, Chairman. six teams and visited various sections of Northern California, partly by rail In June and July a deputation vis- and partly by automobiles, starting ited Southern Idaho, Northern Cali- June 22 and returning to San Franfornia, Oregon, Western Washington, cisco June 29, where reports and allo- Eastern Washington and Wyoming. cations of responsibility were made. In Idaho arrangements had been made by the President and Secretary of the A conference of one day was held Idaho Home Missions Council, which with the Western Washington Home had been organized a year and a half Missions Council, which was organized earlier by an entirely independent in connection with a visit of a depu- Idaho movement, the Council having tation some years ago, and which has an admirable constitution, officially been active ever since, going so far in endorsed by nearly all the leading de- its early life as to make an allocation nominations in the state. These of respoI,!sibilities throughout most of brethren had. divided the deputation, its area. That feature of its work, along with state administrators of however, had not been closely followed missions, into five teams, and had ar- up, and the brethren assembled deranged for public meetings every eve- cided that there should be are-study ning, in the places visited from June of the field similar to those now being 10th to 19th. A state missionary lead- made in other states. er was chairman of each team, which. acted as a committee, and brought in A study, showing church provisions reports and recommendations. After in 573 places of 1,000 population and careful discussion, allocations of re- less is as follows: N[;MBER 0'- CHURCHES TOTAL With Without Places Population None Five Four Three Two 07l'e Churches Chwrches 70 1,000-500 13 1 1 7 17 31 57 13 239 500-100 143 0 0 2 13 81 96 143 264 100-10 223 0 0 1 0 40 41 223 573 1,000-10 379 1 10 30 152 194 379 sponsibility were made by the Council A ('onference of one day was held throughout Southern Idaho. with leaders of Home Mission work in In Northern California there has the Inland Empire (which includes been a comity committee for some Eastern Washington and Northern years, which grew out of conferences Idaho), and they voted to create an convened by deputations of former organization, lind appointed a com- years. This comity council, on its own mittee to consummate the same. They initiative, has recently reorganized requested that a deputation visit their itself as the Home Missions Council of area later for the purpose of allocat- Northern California, adopting as its jng responsibilities in the expansion foundation, the" Principles" adopted and prosecution of Home Mission by the Home Missions Council of work.

Montana, in 1919, and declaring that An interdenominational Home Mis- the "EVERY – COMMUNrry Service" sion organization, growing out of pre- plan!! adopted in Montana seemed the vious deputation visits, had ceas~d t9 ~9p

function so completely that the breth- have any semblance of competition, ren voted to organize a Home Missions but that 66% of all the places tabu- Council for Oregon and took meas- lated are without religious provision ures to that end, but to leave the ques- of any kind. Precise figures have not tion of a deputation visit, for the been gathered in any other state, but purpose of allocating responsibility, it is the opinion of the deputation, without action at present. after traveling over great portions of The deputation met state leaders in the three states studied at large, that Western Wyoming, July 12, Teams similar .facts exist throughout the were made up for visiting the state, Northwest. We believe that more than which came together again the eve- one half of the neighborhoods which ning of JUly 19, when it was voted to have more or less community life of form a permanent organization. The their own, are without any regular report of a committee on principles of religious ministry, and great numbers organization was adopted, the" Prin- of them without any religious minis- ciples" being substantially those of try whatever.

Montana and Northern California. A We recommend that the national date was fixed for completion of or- Home Mission boards also make a ganization and allocation of respon- study of the situation in respect to sibility. 'fhe National Home Missions rural communities where there is now Council was requested to send a rep- but one evangelical church, with a resentative. at least annually. view to concentrating effort so as to The spirit of cooperation is greatly make that church more efficient.

reinforced, as compared with former Recent study shows that more than years. The leaders of all denomina- 1,300 churches throughout the North- tions at work in these areas are far ern Baptist Convention are in com- more active in a cooperative direction munities where there is no other than formerly. A large factor in the evangelical church. The standard progress is the new spirit of service adopted was that of the United States which is replacing the spirit of de- census, counting as rural everything nominational aggrandizement. under 2,500 population. The Western There are not a few serious in- Washington study took 1,000 popula- stances of overlapping, concerning tion as the standard. A recent Meth- some of which there is hope of early odist Episcopal study takes 10,000 as correction, by conference of those im- the standard. If the facts could be mediately involved. Concerning many gathered on some uniform standard, others, the overlapping is far more they would show the vast field already serious in appearance, when stated in occupied without any competition~ figures, than it is when studied in the We recommend that a campaign be field, because many of the churches inaugurated, calling the attention of enumerated are either of foreign- the churches supporting the mission- speaking groups, who are not yet fully ary enterprise to two things: First.

Americanized, or of sporadic sects, the large number of neglected fields; which do not cooperate in general second, the large number of fields al- movements of the Kingdom of God. ready occupied without competition; The instances of overlooking are so and that endeavor be made by each of much more numerous than those of the denominations, to establish at least overlapping, that the great stress of in each state, one new strong occupa- Home Mission activity must be in tion of a field now occupied by no one, meeting the unmet needs of the peo- and to strengthen greatly, for demon- ple. For example: The remarkable stration purposes, at least one church table prepared by the Western Wash- already existing as the only evangel- ington Home Missions· Council shows ical church in the community. .

that of the small places which have We also urge that the growing sense any church, 78% have only one of local obligation for work be culti- church, leaving but 22% which could vated and that no tendency be en-

WOMAN;S HOME MISStON BtJLLETIN :lO1

couraged to turn to national boards to do it soon, others have adopted the for work which can be done better by essential plans and principles, and the field itself. still another is asking for a similar movement at an early day. In other We have traversed great stretches words, this very delicate and difficult of sparsely settled country, where undertaking-sectarian readjustment there is no hope, in the near future, of -has, in less than a dozen years made establishing churches, in some of them positive, intensely practical, organic even Sunday-schools, but where a vital advance in a solid block of seven Gospel ministry may be provided states in the northwest section of the through colporteurs or other itinerant country, with yet another continguous workers, however designated, and we state farther east asking for it. When recommend that in fields allocated to this situation in the Northwest is denominational responsibility, some coupled with the entirely distinct provision be made for that kind of achievements in a similar direction by house-to-house ministry so as to reach two New England states, and by a every home within the field of respon- number of cities, while others are apsibility, at regular and frequent proaching it, your deputation is conintervals. Your deputation was con- vinced that the endeavor to secure vinced by observation that the Home sYl;ltematic, coordinate, practical coop- Department of the Sunday-school can eration in Home Missions, in place of be used to great advantage in such haphazard and sometimes eompetitive action, is as sure as the riRing of the sections. sun. It is obviously imbedded in the We find seyeral somewhat distinct providential order.

forms of interdenominational state The deputation haa scarcely reached Home Mission organizations and be- New York when overtures were made lieve that any organization desired by by leaders in North Dakota asking the state forces, which does not en- that a similar study-visit be made in deavor to become a court of rulers, that state. We are now informed that but rather a conference·of brethren, all the leading denominations wish it may be made efficient. Our convic- and it is expected the coming summer. tion is, that the spirit of Christ in the state administrators is the supreme THE MIRACLE OF SPRING solvent of all problems. After the dead leaves falling, Deputations have now demonstrated After the winter's snow, the cumulative value of pushing with After the March wind's blowing, patience as well as persistence. Near- Deep irr the sod below, ly twelve years ago a deputation vis- Things that in sleep were dreaming, ited all the far western states, holding Seeds of a life now past joint conferences with state leaders, Stir with a life renewing to face the facts together. Ten years Under the stormy blast. ago substantially the same deputation visited selected states for more extend- God, overhead, is keeping ed conferences and the initiation of Always his watchful care cooperative endeavor. Four years ago And never a springtime faileth one of these states asked for the very Its blossoms of incense ,·are. definite undertaking known as the The bitter within the tree trunks "EVERy-COMMUNITY Service Endeav- Is sweetening under the sun, or. " The movement was then for a And under the lash of the north wind time greatly retarded by the disap- Upward life forces run. pointments connected with the swift plans of the Interchurch World Move- God knows it will soon be summer. ment. Even so, it has come to pass He knows that the winter is gone, that three more of the states, previ- That his smile will melt the snowdrifts ously visited, have now fully inaugu- For the flowers to feast upon, rated the "EVERy-COMMUNITY Serv- And he that is faint and weary And he who is winter-worn ice Endeavor," two others have voted May know that his south wind bloweth The cold from his Easter Morn.

-Alwe Amelia Flagg. EDITED BY MISS SARAH H. POLHEMTJS, NEW YORK A NEW UNION ENTERPRISE she shrank from having her name The Margaret Williamson Hospital given to this work, and it was with is now under a union committee of difficulty her friends persuaded her to four women's Boards-the Women's let it stand. The hospital will al- Missionary Co.uncH of the Methodist ways bear the name of Margaret Wil- Episcopal Church, South, the Amer- liamson, and its work will always be ican Baptist, the Woman's Board of evangelistic and evangelical, for those the Reformed Church in America, and are the terms upon which it is now the Woman's Missionary Society of being contributed to by the Women's America. Missionary Union for the larger work. The Hospital is nearly forty years old and we like to think of her his- In 1883 Dr. Elizabeth Reifsnyder went to China as the first medical mistory in decades. M. That history began, we do not know sionary of the Woman's Union 1S- sionary Society. Dr. Reifsnyder could have made a brilliant success in her just when. The thought and plan profession at home-she gave her life were born in the heart of a noble freely to the cause of Christ among woman, one of the charter members of poor burdened Oriental women and the Woman's Union Missionary So- children, and it became a brilliant succiety, Margaret Woodsworth William- cess in China. Dr. Reifsnyder built son. Mrs. Williamson, whose maiden the hospital and became its superin- name was Margaret Woodsworth, be- tendent. The funds employed for the came an orphan when she was a small building and maintenance were partly child. Her early life was not an easy Mrs. Williamson's first gift, together one, for she lacked money for com- with a bequest in her will for this forts and the education she craved. work, and partly the generous con- Perhaps this is why even from early tributions of Chinese friends whom years her heart was always going out Dr. Reifsnyder interested in the pro- to those who were sad, or needy, or ject. To this g90d doctor's skill and alone. She became a dressmaker and splendid executive ability, her un~ir­ a successful one. Her sweet nature ing work, and, above all, her devotIOn and utter unselfishness endeared her to the Chinese and to the cause of to her customers, who gave her friend- Christ in China, is due, in great meas- ship and love. lUre, the success of the hospital.

It is good to know that after the After ten years the hospital had years of struggle, she married a man grown and outgrown its first bound- who adored her and made her very aries so that new wards were added.

happy. But in the midst of happiness Thousands of women had received and easy circumstances she never lost healing for their bodies within its the habit of self-denial that she might walls; thousands had heard the Gos- have more to give. She gave every- pel of Life through the ministry of where and with a royal hand. One of the Bible women and the missionaries her gifts was the money to found Mills in dispensaries and wards. In the Seminary, now Mills College, the one dispensary in 1894 there was Ii daily institution exclusively for higher edu- average of over ninety-three persons cation of women on the Pacific Coast. who came for treatment, to say noth- In 1882 ]frs. Williamson gave the ing of the well ones who accompanied sum of five thousand dollars as a them, so that the opportunities for nucleus for the building of the hos- giving the Christian message were pital in Shanghai. In her humility great. The tenth year also marked 302 the arrival of Dr. Emily Garner as wards and maternity, and of over Dr. Reifsnyder's a8sociate. 50,000 in the daily dispensary, during The hospital grew steadily during the year. The receipts in China for the second decade of her history in that year were equal to about eight influence and usefulness, in oppor- thousand dollars in gold.

tunities to make Christ known, and to The report just received states that lead women one by one to Him, and throughout the year 1922 the capacity in the development of native financial of the hospital has been taxed. No support. In 1898 the main building one needing treatment has been was destroyed by fire; only two wards, turned away because of lack of funds the operating room and a small to pay the ward price of thirty cents amount of beds and bedding were a day; but many with funds to pay saved. All books, records, drug-room would not enter because of no empty appliances, drugs and surgical sup- private rooms. Seven private rooms plies, all bedding and some new iron will be added to the capacity of the beds went with the building. The hospital when the nurses training dauntless staff began to work as soon school moves into its new dormitory as possible, dividing the Wells Wil- now under construction.

liams Ward, which had been saved, Efficiency has been increased by with temporary board partitions, thus the installation of a telephone system.

making a place for the daily patients. The increase in number of nurses has During the year that immediately fol- provided better care of the patients.

lowed the fire, 341 persons were ad- The clinics now number seven: sur- mitted to the wards and over 26,000 gery, medicine, dentistry, oto-laryn- dispensary patients were treated. The gology, ophthalmology, gynecology, disaster called forth a wealth of sym- and pre-post natal. Twice a week pathy and kindness on every side. there are also special vaccination clin- Scarcely had the building burned be- ics. It has been difficult to care prop- fore a subscription was started by the erly for so many clinics in a few leading daily paper of Shanghai, and rooms. There is great need for a dis- foreigners and Chinese responded pensary building.

generously. Before the close of the A wonderful ambulance, pushed at second ten-year period, Dr. Reifsny- stern, pulled at bow, bumps along the der was writing in her report, "The streets~ violating all speed laws, at the hospital is not large enough to ac- rate of one mile an hour, casually roll- commodate all who apply." The ing a prospective ruptured appendix greatest need was for a separate build- or an imminent prospective mother.

ing for the increasing number of ma- In addition to the need of a motor am- ternity cases. The report for the bulance, the hospital's most glaring twentieth year shows that 45,700 pa- needs are for a building containing tients were treated at the dispensary private rooms for medical and sur- and nearlv 700 in the wards. Fees gical cases, tubercular wards and chil- and contributions received on the field dren's wards, and a dispensary were over four thousand dollars in building. gold. The 'evangelistic work in the dis- It was during the third decade that pensary, wards, private rooms and the long-hoped-for Maternity Build- homes has been carried on faithfully ing was completed. This was a beau- with much prayer and faith by Miss tiful building that was made possible Mary Irvine and the Bible women. A by the bequest of Miss Emily Stevens Chinese Home Missionary Society of Princeton,- New Jersey. At the with its members from among nurses, close of the thirtieth year from the doctors and servants, has permeated time our first dispensary was opened its enthusiasm and devotion through and foundations for the hospital laid, the hospital. The hospital, in addi- the annual report mentioned an at- tion to the ordinary medical services tendance of over 1,000 patients in to the community, has been privileged

to assist in "Better Baby Contests" forth with the message of Jesus Christ, and the coming for one year of Dr. the Great Physician of Souls. l<-'lorence Kraker, Professor of Clinical Obstetrics, Women's Medical Col- We shall need to pray mor8–not lege of Pennsylvania, is making it less, for the work. Prayer will be the greatest need, as it always has been, possible for the hospital to offer short and the greatest of our resources. And courses of special clinical work in ob- as we pray let us thank God for this stetrics to young Chinese women doc- new opportunity, and ask Him to tors. guide us still and lead on to greater things than we can dream. The hospital is about to incorporate and to open a medical school for Chi- PERSONALITIES nese women on the Margaret Williamson Foundation at China New Year By MISS CARRIE M. KERSCHNER time, 1924. One new building for the medical school has just been com- There have been many articles, even pleted and another is about to be books, written on Personality-whetherected-the latter is given by the er it is born in us or whether it may Methodist Episcopal Church, South, be acquired. You have sometimes aB a part of the Belle H. Bennett shaken hands with a person and have Memorial. had to look long and hard into his eyes to see if there was anyone there. The new Board in America has as Then again you have shaken hands its fir&t Chairman, Mrs. Henry W. with others and have had to look Peabody. Other women's boards hav- pretty hard to see if you were there. ing mission work in China hope to Emerson says "Every institution is unite in the project. the lengthened shadow of a man." From another source we quote "Per- From this time we hope to make the sonality is the distillation of our daily Margare.t Williamson Hospital a cen- needs. It is the silt on our souls left ter for training Christian nurses, who by the passing over it of millions of shall go out not simply as vocational workers, but as evangelists of the thoughts and acts. It is the flavor of Good News of Christ. Working closely with the American Section will be our lives." Dr. Frank Crane says a China Section of the Board of Di- "We enter into this world as separate rectors, resident in Shanghai, com- personalities; hard and irreducible posed of the executive members of the personalities; our life's problem is to staff of the Training School, and combine with others." strong evangelical Christian women of the community, both Chinese and A mother wonders why her child is foreign. The Margaret Williamson petulant or selfish. She insists she has always warned her against being Hospital will still be a hospital; it so and has taught her more altruistic will still minister to thousands of standards of action. The trouble is Chinese women and children, offering that the mother's life has taught anas always, :vith physical help and heal- other lesson. She herself has been ing, the ministry of the Gospel, but it petulant and selfish. That was the will also be a school. It hopes to train flavor of her life; and her child has many evangelistic workers, some as been thus flavored. Christian trained nurses, others to become specialists in obstetrical work, To give things to people may leave such workers being one of the great them much as they were before; but needs of China; others to go out as to have personality to bestow-raditeachers of hygiene in public and ant-triumphant-contagious – that private schools, thus helping in the not only changes circumstances, it great problem of public health, others changes men. Said a girl to a woman still to help in the problem of eradi- one day, "May I sit down aside of cating tuberculosis, a greater scourge you 1 You give me such a nice feel- ing. " in China than in America-all to go It is said of Francis Xavier that "Sometimes when the brothers were

1924J WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

sad, the way they took to become hap- launched a new force where we may py was to go and look at him." hope to interest a greater number of women. And in our mIssionary ad- Christ said "Come ye after me and dresses; in tl1e presentation of vital I will make you." It seems to me facts, and statistics to our audiences; that we have been dwelling too long in our efforts to increase the circulaon the latter part of the verse which is tion of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF "fishers of men." The important fact THE WORLD and our own denominais that Jesus was the one who was to tional magazines; in our Summer take the disciples and do the making. Schools of Missions, all of which are So He will make everyone into some- mediums through which more interest thing useful if we give Him a chance. may be aroused, our Christ-fired per- "When God would move men, He first sonality will win. It is not an easy moves one man" and so in our mis- task set before us. Victorious personsionary leaders we have the "moved" ality is not the fruit of cloistered men and women upon whom falls the piety. It can be achieved only on the responsibility to "move" others. field of battle after hours of prayer and preparation. As a result of one How to develop more power among such truly Christ-fired personality we women and how to interest a greater have recorded the baptism by the number~ We have heard much since Spirit of thousands at Pentecost. The we came here on right relationships history of every great Christian with the nations of the world. Where achievement is one of answered do we stand on right relations prayer; and the story of the Chriswith the peopl~ who may appear com- tian religion and the spread of the monplace right around us ~ Do we go Kingdom through the missionary enabout "seeking" as our Master did? terprise is the story of personality in- The Master's specialty was folk in fluenced by personality; rebirth conwhom nobody else could see much stantly the product of the reborn. good. Simon Peter, the woman at the ,'Come ye after me and I will make well, the woman taken in adultery you." have become unforgetable characters since Jesus met them. Only by His Do You Know EVERYLAND! insight, His appreciation, His patience, His undiscourageable faith in A Most Interesting Magazine of human possibilities did He transform World Friendship for Boys and Girls them. And so our women by the transforming Spirit of Christ will pnbli~hed by the themselves receive power and pass it Central Committee on· the United Study of on to others. Foreign Missions. Alice Freeman Palmer was once re- Editor–MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY proved because she did not do more Associate Editor-MISS LUCILE GULLIVER lecturing; to which out of her passion for personal service, she replied: "It Department Editors is people that count. You want to MISS MARGARET T. ApPLEGARTH put yourself into people; they touch other people; these, others still, and MRS. HOSMER BILLINGS so you go on working forever." MRS. E. C. CRoNK Our source of power is Christ; He is the well that never runs dry. The Publication Offl.ce: (West Medford), Boston, One who supplies the power after His Mass. spirit has come upon us to become witnesses unto Him. Editorial Office: 300 Ford Building, Boston, Mass. If it be true that we have not been able to interest mllny women because Good Things in EVERYLAND for April we are presenting our missionary enterprise in terms of 50 years ago, we The Guardian of the Chulpa. Willis K. .Tones see in the Vassar Institute about to be Garments in the Way……………… ..

5 · ………… Margaret T. Applegarth Alice iII Search of Wonderland ………. .

· ………….. Minna McEuen Meyer 'I'he Little Brothers of Spina ………… .

· ………………. Ruth Mason Rice Gloria and the Wicked Frog …………. .

· …………………. Estel Critchie l'lveryland Exchange …. Katharine 8. Cronk Grandmother '8 Story Page ………. _… .

· ………………. Lucy W. Peabody

fROM MANY

INDIA busy streets. There are over 50 dif- Gandhi Freed from Prison ferent Protestant denominations and I T is not clear, the Continent thinks, missionary institutions at work in the that the release from prison of the city. non-cooperationist nationalist leader of India, Mohandas Gandhi, marks Training Indian Leader.

M the beginning of a new policy on the ISSIONARIES of all denomina- tions realize that the training of part of the English Government toward India. The immediate cause Christian teachers and leaders is one of his release was his ill health, based of the pressing duties which face the on advice of physicians who said it Church in India. Each year some would take him six months to regain 6,000 adult converts and about 10,000 his health' under most favorable COll- children of Christian parents are be- ditions. Gandhi has been a very ing baptized in the missions of the tractable and quiet prisoner, and has Church Missionary Society in India endeared himself to many by under- alone, making now a total of 270,000.

taking menial tasks in the prison. It Many of them cannot read or write, is said that he has spent much of his and unless the Christian Church leisure time reading the Bible. makes a big effort they will remain ignorant and the children will grow Christianity and the Masses lip untaught. The one way out is the SEEING the work of Christian mis- raising up of a big company of Chris- sionaries among the 60,000,000 tian Tndian teachers. Boarding outcastes of India, one of the Nation- . schools are being established where alist leaders declared: "After all, pi<>ked boys and girls can be sent for when it comes to practice, Christianity more intensive teaching than is posalone is effecting what we nationalists sible in a village school; from these are crying out for-namely, the eleva- "vocational" schools some of the pupils will pass on to a teachers' traintion of the masses." ' ing school, and after a time of prac· Calcutta-That Great City tical experience as a teacher (perhaps as the only teacher in full charge of a I N Calcutta, there live 1,327,547 village school) they will come back souls, of whom 854,582 cannot read for still further training. It is a or write. In all the creeds are 43,- colossal task! The congregations in 680 Christians, including, approxi- India are mostly poor and it is beyond mately 25,000 Europeans. In 1921 the power of Indian outcastes to pay 386 infants died out of every 1,000, for Christian education; that for the while for the citv 39.3 was the death present must be undertaken by misrate with onlv a·17.1 birth rate. Cal- sionary societies.

cutta uses 5i" varieties" of tongues, and more! THE Calcutta is India's Greatest Port; A New Leper Settlement India's Great Banking Center; India's United Free Church of Scot- Great Industrial Center; and (omit- land has authorized its Madras ting Burma) India'8 Oil DiBtributing Mission Council to comply with the Center; the home of the beautiful urgent request of the Government of Jain Temple, the famous Kali Ghat, the Madras Presidency, and under- and many other great places of inter- take the management of the new est. Cows and goats run loose in the institution at Tirumani near Chingle- 3015 put for the care of Indian lepers. The might work be turned over to the in- Mission to Lepers has agreed to pro- digenous Church, and to what extent vide the salary of the Missionary might work be reduced or eliminated T Superintendent, and the cost of the "There were some tense moments," rest of the settlement will be borne by writes Miss Marion A. Beebe of Henthe Government, including the sal- zada, "when reduction of work dear aries of a medical missionary, a ma- to the hearts of SQme was considered, tron, and probably one or more nurses. but that there would be an increasing There are 400 leper patients now in support of the work by the indigenous a leper asylum in Madra:; who will be churches was felt by all. When they transferred to the new settlement as were first asked to undertake the sup- SQon as it is opened, and it is intended port, of the 11yingyan field, they felt to provide eventually for 3,000 lepers. that it was too great a burden, but The leading government officials have upon hearing that the Mission had repeatedly expressed their conviction voted to close the educational work that the new institution must be there, a committee asked the conferunder missionary control if it is to ence to defer action till they might achieve the best results. Government, make some arrangements for carrying they have said, can finance such un- it on." dertakings, but they cannot give to them that tone and spirit which is Indian Mission for Tibet such a no~able feature of mission institutions. THE National Missionary Society of India has responded to the Boy Scouts Help an OuteRste challenge of Tibet, and proposes to follow in the footsteps of men like Ap ATROL of high-caste Indian Sadhu Sundar Singh, who has of late scouts from a mission school of made Tibet his special field of labor the Church Missionary Society found during certain months of the year. a poor woman of the lowest caste on While the Sadhu will not become the roadside dying of influenza. Many identified with the work of the society, people had seen her and passed by he has consented to select two suitwithout helping; it would have been able missionaries whom he will guide against their caste to have done SQ. on tours in Tibet and other Hima- But to the scouts it was a matter of layan states. When not on tour, these humanity, and they at once carried men will make their headquarters in her to the hospital. The hospital re- Sabathu in the Simla hills, where they fused to take her in, but the scouts can continue to work among the hill stuck to their work, and at last got tribes. The new effort starts in April, the police to help them. When asked and, proceeding without the complexto write their names, the patrol leader ity of organization and equipment refused, saying that scouts do not ad- that generally marks the advance of a vertise their deeds. 'Vestern missionary society, will take up the task of introducing Christ in Baptist Proolems in Burma what has been one of the most inac- cessible parts of the world. AT the annual meeting of the Bur- ma Baptist Missionary Confer- CHINA ence held in Rangoon late in 1923, and having as its motto "Christ's American Mission in Tibet Leadership," 130 of the 180 missionaries in the field were present. With THE Christian and Missionary Althe news from home of no increase liance workers on the Kansuin appropriations, and even a request Tibetan border report the occupation to seek readjustments to reduce ex- of Paongan in Tibetan territory, a penditures, the chief problems before place from which workers were driven the conference were, to what extent out a few years ago, but where the attitude of the people is said to have

greatly changed. They continue: "In Disturbed Condition. the Chinese work several properties hav.e been secured for outstations in THE secretary of the China Inland market towns near the different cen- Mission in Shanghai, who is in ters. The school work has been very close touch with their workers all encouraging, especially along the line over the field, wrote in a recent letter: of self-support. The girls' and boys' "I never remember a time when the industrial work is fast gaining a political and military conditions have market, and all they can produce out- seemed so hopeless as they do today. side of school hours has a ready sale. Civil war and prevalent lawlessness The boys' rug-making industry, a new are ruining the country and there venture this year, has been a decided does not appear to be anyone capable success. The grade of work is high of dealing with the situation." The for beginners, and so far they have following is said to be typical of connot had to look for a market outside ditions in a number of plaC!es: of this vicinity. The girls' work on the native linen is meeting an in- We have been through the worst time ever creased demand down country. Both known in W–. The retreating armieB de· girls and boys have shown this past scended upon us, numbering 100,000 men. year an increased interest in the It was terrible to watch them, tired and things of God, and we look forward bedraggled. They just poured in. Every to having many of these trained house, large and small, has been filled, and young people as future evangelists, people have had to turn out every corner teachers, and Bible women." for the soldiers. All the big wayehouses around us have been nlled. Only the houses Literacy Cam.paign in China where foreigners live have not been billeted with soldiers. They have behaved as badly DR. TAO CHIH-HSING, of the as they eould, taking everything from the , National Education Association people.. For nearly twenty miles around the of China, has been conducting in An- people have had all their rlce, Wlleat, cows, king, province of Anhui, a popular pigs and vegetables taken, and their women education campaign, of which the folk outraged. All the pigs have been killed, N ot·tn China Herald writes: "The even the tiny ones. All the big shops have goal of this movement, 100 per cent been turned into stables. The large wood· literacy, while a very long way off, yards have been cleared and what the sol· has been brought into the range of diers do not burn tbey sell to the people. possibility. according to the opinion The strain is terrible and the tales appalling. of not a few of the leaders who have taken part in Dr. Tao's campaign. Destruction in Kwangtung Mass meetings attended by some 3,000 students and others were held in the DR. W. H. DOBSON, superintend- Episcopal Cathedral at which Dr. Tao ent of the American Presbyterian outlined the plan for teaching illiter- hospital at Yeungkong, Kwangtung ates the .1,000 characters. If the Province, after describing the descheme fails it will not be due to its struction of near-by villages, continlack of simplicity for it is based on ues: "This sort of a tale can be rethe "get-one" plan. Every person peated in many parts of this region. who knows characters is supposed to Ruined villages, uncut crops, vacant teach another and this new one an- fields, starving women and children other and so on till everyone can read. running from place to place, chased The final touch to the publicity of by bandits, night and day attacks on this campaign was given on Sunday other villages, traffic and business at when the students of 72 schools pa- a standstill-is it any wonder that one raded miles of streets carrying ap- sickens and tires of these tales when propriately inscribed banners urging we are so helpless to do for these peoupon every. one his duty to help pro- ple in the absence of a stable governmote the cause of popular education. " ment T It seems that soldiers from Canton had been promised to protect this region, and were daily expected when the U. S. S. AS'neville hove in sight. All sorts of rumors were start- ed when it was known that American

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

soldiers had arrived. The brigands Presbyterian mi:,;sion in Peking, often retreated to a safe distance, and the calls at the home and tells about the villager:,;, taking heart, defended problems she meets with in her evanthemselves and killed a number of the gelistic work. After telling these difbandits. But no Cantonese soldiers ficulties, she is sure the next time she have yet arrived; the schools are not calls to meet with the query, "Is your open; few stores are doing any busi- friend that we prayed for last week ness; and the hospital i:,; full of any better' , ? In one case a newcomer wounded and sick. But our church reviled the home and all its occmservices are crowded. "-The Conti- pants. It seemed impossible to keep nent. her in the place lest she harm the other inmates. But Miss Gowans sug- Borden Memorial Hospital gested that they all pray for her. Standing in the courtyard, her arms DR. and Mrs. George King write about the termagant to prevent her from Lanchowfu, Kansu, of the harming herself or anyone else, Miss growing work in the hospital there Gowans began to pray and all the old which bears the name of William Bor- women joined in. Soon the excited den: "Never before have there been newcomer grew quieter, and her comso many opportunities here. The old panions say her temper is much imsuperstitions are being broken down proved ever since. to some extent. This past spring has seen every ward and room in the JAPAN-CHOSEN women's hospital occupied, and as many as thirty-five women and chil- Honors for Christians dren in at one time. The men's hospital, too, has been filled. Our little THE influence of Christianity upon rudimentary Leper Home has had six the national life of Japan was lepers at one time in it. There is now recognized as on a parity with that of a class of fourteen medical students, Shintoism and Buddhism in a series of or 'appreutices, ' all but three of whom religious conferences held in Tokyo are Kansu boys. We hope that they (Feb. 20th and 21st). The Associated in their turn will carry the Light far Press rep.9rts: Premier Kiyoura, in afield. They all have the opportunity, an effort to raise popular morale from and, we hope, the ambition to become the depression into which the earthhealers of bodies and souls." quake of last September plunged it, summoned the chiefs of the principal Peking Old Ladies' Home Buddhist temples, Shinto shrines and Christian churches. The Buddhist PEKING has an "old ladies' home," session was held one morning; the maintained entirely by Chinese Shinto session the same afternoon and women who have patterned it after a the Christian one the next morning. home for friendless old women started many years ago by foreign ladies in A similar conference was held in the city. Although the directors are all ]912 by Mr. Tokonami, th1m Japanese heathen, they realized, says The Con- Vice Minister of Home Affairs. The tinent, that their home could not be a Premier, in addresses directed to the success without a Christian woman three meetings, emphasized the spiritat its head, so chose for their matron a ual havoc wrought by the earthquake, member of the native Presbyterian recalling that the Emperor found it Church. The result has been really necessary last November to issue a remarkable, for in the three years this rescript warning his people not to woman has been in care of the place deviate from their patriotism and nearly sixty per cent of her charges their faith in Japan's future. "Dehave become Christians. spite this," continued the Premier, "regrettable tendencies persist, in- These new Christians believe in cluding mockery of the religion and prayer. Miss A. H. Gowans, of the faith of our fathers."

Tokyo's "Barrack Villages" mensely increased. The Y. M. C. A. in the United States has been looking REV. WILLIS C. LAMOTT writes after them to some extent, but much from 'fokyo of giving $10,000, more may be done by this and sister sent by Presbyterian churcheg in movements, because these travellers California, toward building barracks are important and open-minded men to house the ruined churches. and women. In this direction the , , These, " he says, "will be more or Tokyo City Young Men's Christian less permanent buildings, and will be Association started an interesting and of immediate help in carrying the successful experiment by sending Gospel to thousands in the 'barrack through America last year a vacation villages' of Tokyo. They will also students' party, which consisted in serve to house the stricken pastors, as the main of graduates or senior stuwell as aid greatly in preserving the dents. ('ontinnity of the work of the various churches. 'fhe term 'baraku' is now A Buddhist on the Bible in general use, referring to the sheds erected in the great parks of the city, ABUDDHIST scholar, son of a where thousands of refugees are now Buddhist priest, and reared in living, offering a wonderful oppor- the strictest tenets of his faith, relates tunity for evangelistic work. The his experiences when coming in con- Y. M. C. A. of Meiji Gakuin is help- tact with Christianity, saying: "By ing Mr. Kagawa in his work down in degrees as I went on reading the Honjo, and I am doing what I can Bible, I understood that the teaching with my stereopticon in interesting of Christ is so far above those of other some of the refugee children for the religions that they cannot be comfirst time in the Life of Christ. A pared to it. Christianity includes very valuable work has been carried everything good to be found in Shin on in the devastated section at Ryo- Shu, Nichiren Shu, and Zen Shu goku. Three tentl> were erected, one (Buddhist sects), and is higher than for refreshments, one housing a dis- all. I am not making light of Budpensary, and one for evangelistic dhism; but I believe that its purpose work, the tents all having been fur- is realized best in Christianity. After nished by the famous Mitsui family. the sun has risen, it is not necessary Evangelistic services were conducted to go on burning electric lights." all day, the various churches took turns in serving the refreshments in Non-Christian Men in School the tea-tent, and the dispensary had a record of handling over 700 differ- L AMBUTH Institute was opened ent cases in twenty-five days. The early in 1921 in W onsan, Korea, work is an example of the attitude by the M. E. Church, South, for busithe Japanese Christians are taking ness men who want to study English. toward the. present evangelistic op- Mr. T.•J. Carter, the present director, portunity. " says: "Onr new term began January 7th, and the first night we had more Japanese Who Travel than fifty young Korean men and boys, all anxious to learn English. DURING the last annual confer- One must know something of the class ence of employed officers of the of men to appreciate our opportunity Japanese Y. M. C. A. a committee was to carry the gospel message. Among appointed to see what could be done those who are enrolled there is a judge to set up an International Hospitality of a local court, and a clerk of the Service, in cooperation with the same court. A police sergeant, the Young Men '8 Christian Association highest office that a Korean can hold in other lands. Of late the number among the police officials, is studying of Japanese students, officials, and in the first grade. The head of a business men who go abroad has im- Korean hospital is studying in our

192+] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

second class. These are non-Chris- Church. A self-supporting physician tians, and for a half an hour four and his wife live in the missionary nights each week, they have an oppor- compound. Among the results ar& tunity to hear the Gospel preached. 494 baptized Chinese, 9 church build- I don't know of any other way in ings, 10 chapels, 25 prayer-meeting which these leading men in public life plaees, 15 Chinese evangelists, and 3 could be induced to come to where Bible women. The evangelistic zeal the gospel message is given. They cer- of Korean Christians among their own tainly will not attend church." people is one of their best-known traits. The Korean became a mission- Beggar Boys in Seoul ary when he became a Christian. " Are you a Christian 1" is often asked early THE Salvation Army is carrying on in acquaintance making. Thus at in Seoul, Korea, an industrial home for beggar boys which meets a once the living Word is passed along. real need. Lieut.-Commissioner G. In the spread of the Message of Life Stevens writes of it: "At the end of in the peninsula this has been one of the year 1918 there was a great out- the most far-reaching factors. In adcry in Seoul over the large number of dition to this, at opportune times the boys who were begging on the streets. Christian has entered with tremen- The boys themselves had for the most dous zeal into special campaigns for part long disheveled hair, were the unreached population about him, clothed in rags, were filthy in the ex- pledging his time freely, to go out treme and a' source of annoyance to unencumbered by business to preach every well-to-do passerby, whom they the way of eternal life.

pestered for money or food. Eventu- ally one boy was found frozen to death ISLANDS OF THE SEA outside the shop of a well-known Depopulation ot New Hebrides business man, who appealed to the Salv:;ttion Army to do something as a THOUGH the official report on the temporary measure to tide them over . New Hebrides for 1921-22 mainthe cold weather and gave a generous tained that the process of native dedonation towards the cost. The Gov- population in the Polynesian and ernment later became interested, con- Melanesian Islands is not so rapid as tributing money for the support of some contend, the Anti-Slavery Rethe boys, and land for the present porte,' and Aborigines' Friend quotes buildings. The Home, since its incep- authoritiel'l who state that the present tion, has received seventy-three boys. labor-recruiting system, although it is Nine have died, largely through lack controlled by GoYernment, is essenof nourishment in early life, five have tially wrong, and that work on the run away, eleven have found friends plantations, under conditions unnatand gone to them, one has found work ural to the natives, fails to supply the outside, forty-seven remain with us necessary interest in life, the lack of today. " which they agreed in regarding as the main cause of the dying out of Korean Missionary Spirit the race. "There is no mention in the , Report of one serious cause of depopu- I N Shantung, China is the "pet" lation-namely, the traffic in liquor, work of the Korean Church. Be- which is a notorious evil. Answering ing not for Koreans but for Chinesf', a question in the House of Commons it is actual foreign missionary activ- three years ago, on the depopulation ity. When the Korean General As- of the Group, Colonel Amery men- sembly was organized in 1912, it went tioned as its chief cause the inabilitv on record as a missionary body in of the native to resist European epi- opening work in China. Four or- demic diseases, and asserted that the dained men and their families are Administration took active measures wholly supported by the Korean to protect the natives from disease

and drink. Unfortunately, all our Shinto shrine, and before I got away evidence is to the effect that though from Hawaii I realized that this the liquor traffic is prohibited by law, American Territory is again being the regulations against it are not ef- repaganized. Hawaii's population confective, and that 'active measures' are sists of a conglomeration of nationalicertainly not taken to enforce them. ties, some nine or ten of these nation- As for protection from disease, this alities being represented in numbers Report admits that the Condominium by no means small, there being five Administration possesses no medical times as many Japanese as any other service, and there are no government race. Idols are being imported. Temhospitals. " ples are being erected in every nook and corner of the Territory,. and The Philippines 1899-1924 pagan rites are being held. Tradi- tional Sunday observances are giving A FTER twenty-five years of work way to noisy restivals and wrestling in the Philippines, the various tournaments at the temples and the denominations are all reporting prog- shrines." ress. Rev. W. J. Smith, Presbyterian missionary at Dumaguete, on the is- NORTH AMERICA land of Negros, writes of a recent suc- Congress and the Churches cessful revival campaign. The Protestant Episcopal Church is ralling for T HE religious affiliations of the five new clergymen, two of them for present members or the United work among the 80,000 Chinese in the States Congress are shown in the folislands, who have been left to this de- lowing table, for which the Board of nomination as its particular field. The Temperance, Prohibition and Public Methodists have had an extensive Morals of the Methodist Episcopal quarter-centennial celebration. They Church is responsible: report a church membershp of 59,835, with 28,420 enrolled in the Sunday- Denomination Senate HOUile schools. There are 225 churches imd chapels, and 67 parsonages, besides 12 Methodists …………….. 23 96 missionary residences. Bishop Locke's latest report says that there was an Episcopalian . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18 56 average of 16 baptisms every day of 1923, and that the last quadrennium Presbyterian . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14 59 shows an increase of 25 per cent in membership. There are hospitals and Ba]1tist …………….•… 3 45 training schools established firmly by generous gifts from America and Roman Catholic …………. 7 38 housed in substantial buildings. In the past four years the native churches Congregationalist ……….. 5 26 have raised for all purposes about $218,000. Competent observers proph- Christian (Disciple) ……… 1 16 esy a union very soon of the Presbyterian, Congregational and United Lutheran ………………. 2 12 Brethren forces. Jewish ………………… 0 9 Unitarian ……………… 1 4 Dutch Reformed ………… 0 3 Quaker…………. …….. 0 3 United Brethren ………… 0 1 Mormon……………….. 2 1 Mennonite ……………… 0 1 Christian Science ………… 0 1 EvangelicaJ …………….. 0 1 Universalist ……………. 0 1 Vacancy……………….. 0 1 No religious affiliation ……. 17 41 Religious affiliation not ascer- tained ……………….. 3 20 Paganized Hawaii Totals ……. . . . . . . . . .. 96 435 DR. W. E. BIEDERWOLF is Law EnforcelUent Convention quoted in the Record of Christiam Work as having been impressed "ENFORCE THE LAW" is the by the large place which worldliness message that will go forth to the holds in Hawaiian life and custom. He continues: "Then we saw another country from the convention of promthing, and felt a shudder as we beheld inent women '8 organizations to be it. I saw the Japanese building a held in Washington, D. C., on the 10th and 11th of April. Mrs. Herbert

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Hoover is chairman and Mrs. Robert the authority of the Commissioner of Lansing is honorary-secretary of this Internal Uevenue and the Secretary convention which is to be held in the of the Treasury; call for deportation Soottish Rites Temple. Speeches are of alien bootleggers and an amendto be made by prominent men and ment to the Volstead law with a view women, and a pageant is to be given to more effective enforcement; deentitled, "America, the Beautiful." nounce men who have taken an oath to support the Constitution of the The Washington committee is a United States yet betray it by conbranch of the Woman's National spiracy with bootleggers; favor treat- Committee for Law Enforcement, ies to facilitate suppression of rum (Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, chairman) smuggling; condemn the practice of the object of which is to "work for prize-fighting in the army and navy; enforcement of all law, with special favor the proper encouragement of stress, at present, on the prohibition public education; favor the abolition law, the front today where the battle of child labor; approve uniform maragainst lawlessness has to be fought." riage and divorce laws; favor the barring from interstate commerce of This committee has issued the book, gambling devices, obscene literature, Save America, which is having a large etc.; call for further reduction of imsale through the affiliated women's migration; oppose commercialized organizations everyone of which, state and local, is asked to send dele- desecration of the Sabbath, and degates to this Law Enforcement Con- nounce lynching. vention.

Home Mission Council Officers In the Cumberland Mountains THE Home Missions Council has J AMES D. BURTON, writing from elected the following offioers for Oakdale, Tenn., of the educatIOnal 1924: President, Charles L. Thomp- bandicaps, in spite of which the boys son, (Presbyterian, U. S. A.); Vice- and girls of the Cumberland Moun- Presidents, John McDowell, (Presby- tain region have accomplished so terian, U. S. A.), Charles L. White, much, says of their limited church (Baptist), S. Leslie Morris, (Presby- privileges: terian in U. S.), Grant K. Lewis, (Disciples of Christ), George L. Cady, The four mountain counties com- (Congregational), Franklin J. Clark, prise over two thousand square miles (Protestant Episcopal); Executive of territory, within the borders of Secretary, Charles E. Vermilya, which are only three places with full- (Methodi::;t Episcopal); Recording time ministers. The practice with Sepretary, Charles E. Schaeffer, (Re- most organized church bodies is to formed in U. S.); Treasurer, Frank have preaching once or twice per F. Moore, (Congregational). Mrs. month, and there are scores of com- John Ferguson is the· new President munities without any regular preachof the Council of Women for Home ing at all. Seventy-five per cent of Missions. the church services are heJd in one- room public schoolhouses of which BYPublie Morals Policies there is about one for every eight adopting twelve resolutions cov- square miles. As a rule the pastor of ering a wide range of subjects a mountain church lives in one comthe Board of Temperance, Prohibition munity, and is in charge of a church and Public Morals of the Methodist in another community several miles Episcopal Church has formulated its distant. They meet and pass in going policies for the coming year. Briefiy and coming from their preaching 8taas summarized by The Continent, the tionfl. As a result there is little pasresolutions call for the removal of the toral care, and no point of contact Government '8 prohibition unit from between the pastor and the young people. Through the Sabbath-School

Extension Department of the Board munity it fails in its duty to rmal of National Missions of the Presby- civilization. While urban population terian Chureh in the U. S. A., many exceeds rural, there are 2,500,000 Cumberland Mountain communities more children in villages and the open are being provided with reasonably country than in cities."

well-equipped Sabbath-schools, which have served to create a wholesome Paciftc Garden Missien A atmosphere. The primary purpose of FTER forty-three years on Van Buren Street, Chicago, in a buildthe schools is service, and the Sundayschool representative travels in season ing previously famous for its vice, the and out of season, through all kinds enormous rents and the change in of weather, in the interest of religious the personnel of the people passing the education. It has proved to be one of door caused the removal of the famous the most economical and effective Pacific Garden Mission to 650 South methods in reaching and helping the State Street, in the heart of the cheap children and young people of this lodging-house district. One of the region. 'rhese schools are real com- converts, who has been a missionary munity centeTs in lieu of other attrac- in Japan for years, says he helped to tions, and many mountain youths rob many a man in this very place, discover themselves, getting larger enticing them from the Polk Street visions of life, and finding their way .Railway Station near by. So another to institutions of higher learning." den of vice and iniquity is converted into a place where the Gospel is being Need of the Rural Church preached.

"rJ"'HE rural population is in need -Record of Christian Work. ~ of evangelism, " according to the Y. W. C. A. Convention Rev. William W. Johnstone, superintendent of the Lakes District of the THE national convention of the American Sunday School Union. "It Young Women's Christian Asso- is estimated," he said, "that only one ciation is to be held in New York City fifth of the rural population attends from April 30th to May 6th. Many church; that two fifths of the rural visitors of importance from other churches are standing still or losing countries are expected. ground; that one third of the rural The present budgets of American ministers must have other occupations Y. W. C. A. work total over $25,000,- than the ministry to secure adequate 000 yearly. Foreign work supported support, in some cases the minister by American Associations' funds is acting as the town barber or doing included in these total figures. paper hanging and painting as a side li'ounded in 1906 from a union of two line; that one fourth of the rural organizations dating back to 1871 and churches have no Sunday-schools. 1886 respectively, the national mem- Many communities in southern Illi- bership has grown from less than. 150,- nois have been entirely without the 000 girls and youn~ women to over Gospel for years. Children have 525,000. Ovpp 2,000 delegates repregruwn to youth without having known sent.i.ng 1,046 Associations are exof a Sunday-school. There are many pected. The National Board, of which rural parishes all over the country Mrs. Robert E. Speer is President, is that have been deserted by the denom- the executive body of the affiliated inations that served them. In a town American Associations.

of 2,000 there may be found a dozen or more churches competing with each A Sunday-school Fleet P other, and all equally neglecting the LANS for the Ninth Convention of the W orId's Sunday School Assogreat opportunity that lies outside in the adjoining open country. When ciation in Glasgow, June 18-26, 1924, the Church fails to evangelize its com- include engaging the entire passenger

NEWS }<'ROM MANY LANDS

spare on three ships for Sunday-school ence indorses the ide-a of providing delegates from North America. These chapels at Army posts wherever posships will sail on June 7, 1924, from sible. It believes that the effect of Montreal, from New York, and from erecting a physical habitation for the Philadelphia. Meetings and social religious idea will stimulate interest functions will be arranged on each in services and other religious work." boat. Blocks of reservations on other steamers have been reserved for those U. P. ·Ho:me Board Reorganized who wish to start earlier than June 7th and take one of the pre-Conven- FOLLOWING the tendency appartion tours either through Europe or ent in certain other denominations, to Palestine and Egypt. the last General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church required Our Army Chaplains that the three boards working in the home field, the Board of Home Mis- THE conference on moral and re- siom;, the Board of Freedmen's Mis- ligious work in the Army, which sions, and the Board of Church was held in Washington in June, em- Extension, should be united into one phasized the importance of this aspect board having twenty-seven members of the national life. In his report to charged with the responsibility of the President the Acting Secretary of pressing forward every department of War said: "The conference was church work in the home land. Rev. called, in keeping with the nation- W. 1. Wishart, D.D., reports the forwide sentiment for a quickened in- mation of special committees on Proterest in the fundamentals of religion, motion and Publicity, Education and to consider plans for a more intensive Contacts with the Workers and Fields, general program of moral training for with a Board secretary heading each, soldiers, to develop community con- and continues: tacts, and to recommend those policies and activities which will strengthen "The members of the enlarged board are the religious program for Regular working together with the heartiest enthusi· Army posts and stations and safe- asm. The secretaries are alert and fruitful guard young men who enter the of practical plans and suggestions. The various training camps. The .confer- difficulties growing out of the merger are euce was unique in that it was pan- disappearing as methods of administration sectarian, as indicated by the list of are worked out. The outlook fOl· mission personnel and the leadership. There work in the United Presbyterian Church was absolute unanimity in all pro- seems particularly good." nouncements and findings." Better Colored Schools Among the recommendations were these: "This confe'rence earnestly I T is gratifying and encouraging to urges that such provision be made in note the interest being taken by the numerical strength of chaplains many Southern State Legislatures in whereby every soldier of the Army, the education and wel:Eare of the Newherever statioI1ed, shall have full gro. Among the latest news of thi~ opportunity to receive the personal nature reported in the Southern counsel, guidance, and services of a Workman, is the announcement that chaplain. .. This conference believes the South Carolina Legislature recentthat the religious influence in the ly voted "$98,000 for the Negro State Army can be deepened and strength- College, $41,000 for the Negro boys' ened and the efforts of chaplains can reformatory, $1,500 for the Negro be made more productive of beneficial fair, and the chance to share in the results if a closer relationship can be high-school appropriation by complyestablished and maintained between ing with certain conditions." South the chaplains and their respective de- Carolina boasts of 14 recognized Nenominational groups… This confer- gro high schools, 15 teachers' training schools, and 35 Rosenwald schools. The Negroes of the State have sup-

LIB MISSIONll .~ , ~'" oN OF THE WORLD

plemented its appropriations by near- byterian church was about to be dedicated. Eighteen months hefore there was but one ly $30,000. "J" Protestant in that thickly-settled district, a woman. Her hushand, a progressive Lynchings in 1923 farmer, deeided to unite with the Protestauts and joined the Presbyterian church in old PRINClPAL R. R. MOTON of the Las Vegas, of which Rev. Charles Cordova 'I'uskegee Normal and Industrial is the devoted and effective pastor. Fifty Institute- reports as follows on the other Spanish-Americans, all adnlts, foiyear's crime and disaster as compiled lowed him in a little over a year, in most by Monroe N. Work of the Depart- cases in the face of persecution. The ment of Records of the Institute: "I Church Erection Board gave these fifty·two find that there were twenty-eight per- memhers $3,000 toward a church, and the sons lynched in 1923-in Arkansas, 2; members themselves contributed their serv- Florida, 8; Georgia, 4; Louisiana, 1; ices as brickma1cers and carpenters, and Mississippi, 8; Missouri, 1; Okla- when I visited the building on May 11, all homa, 1; 'fexas, 2; Virginia, 1. This tllat was needed was a covering of plaster is twenty-nine less than the number to complete the edifice. ". J n Albuquerque fifty-seven for the year 1922. Thirteen he visited the Menaul school for Spanish· of the persons lynched were taken American boys, and in Santa Fe the cor· from the llands of the law, seven from responding school (the Allison-James) for jails and six from offi;}ers of the law girls. If these two schools had adequate outside of jails. Of the twenty-eight facilities they could receive from 400 to 450 persons lynchoo in 1923, twenty-six pupils a year, instead of the 300 they now were negroes and two were whites; have scant rooni for_ For the Spanishtwo of the former were women. We American young people are seeking admisalso found that there were forty-six sion to the Protestant schools, despite hitter instances in which officers of the law opposition from the Roman Catholic archprevented lynchings. Four women, bishop. three white and one colored, were among those thus saved. Six of these The Go'Vernment and the Indian preventions of lynchings were in Northern States and forty in Southern H ON. HUBERT WORK, Secretary States. In thirty-seven of the cases of the Interior, has recently inthe urisoners were removed or the vited one hundred men and women of guards augmented or other precau- national vision, including publicists, tions taken. In the nine- other in- educators, governors of states, churchstances, armed force was used to repel men, and outstanding citizen Indians the would-be lynchers. In eight in- to advise him in reference to the methstances during the year persons ods of changed policy on the part of charged with being connected with the Government in its treatinent of lynching mobs were brought to trial. Indians. 'fhe Secretary recognizes Of the fifty-two persons thus before the importance of determining on such the courts only two were sent to the plans for the Indian's welfare as shall penitentiary. " insure his own participation in those plans and ultimately lead to an edu- Opportunity in New Mexico cated, self-sustaining Indian citizenry. Some of the Indians of today have A MISSOURI pastor was greatly individual wealth (the value of all impressed, on a vacation trip Indian property is estimated at $1,- through New Mexico, by the work be- 000,000,000); 227,000 out of 340,917 ing aone by Presbyterian home mis- have allotments of land totaling 38,- sion agencies in that field, and the 000,000 acres; and two thirds of the great opportunity for additional Indians are citizens. There are 400 work. He is quoted in The Continent Protestant and 200 Catholic missionas fonows: aries at work among the various tribes and groups with respective adherents "Twenty·eight miles north of Las Vegas of approximately 100,000 and 59,000. I visited Ceholla Valley, where- a new Pres- Secretaries of Home Mission Boards doing work for Indians as also the Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. are in- cluded in the group of advisers selected by the Secretary of the In- for that great neglected field. He terior. repo~~s that ninety per cent or more of the missionaries are ministering to Chinese Children Rescued not more than forty per cent of the population, and less than ten per cent ROM thl) Tooker Memorial Home to the vastly larger Indian popula- for Chinese children, conducted by tion. There are hidden away in the the Presbyterian Board of National valleys and mountains tribes of fifty Missions in Oakland, Calif., Miss thousand to half a million to whom Emma Mills writes of two little chil- the Gospel. of Christ has never gone, dren, to keep whom at the Home and and who WIll never hear it unless misthus rescue them from lives of slavery sionaries carry it to them. Miss Cameron in San Francisco has been working day and night: "They Independent missionaries are doing remember well the day their own fam- some mission work for these Indians ilies sold them from the same village on a small scale. There have been to a strange man who appeared and some few attempts on the part of a asked to buy some little girls. Ah few of the larger boards, such as the Ting's people sold her for $170. She Presbyterian in Mexico and Central was then ten years old and could sing America, the Anglican in Southern very nicely. This stranger then Chile, thc Canadian Baptist in Bobought Ah 'l'ye for $90. Before leav- livia, and a few others, but there has ing China the children were kid- been no consistent and determined efnapped from 'their owner. They were fort by the greater and more responfound and redeemed by the man, who sible agencies looking toward the claimed to be their father. After the evangelization of the Indians of Latin long journey across the Pacific, land- America. ing in Seattle they went on to San Francisco. They were put on the Chi- A commission has been formed to nese stage and every night for several weeks these two children have been study the whole matter throughout acting from nine until one and two in the morning. They found their Latin A!nerica, to bring pressure upon way to our day school in our Chinese Church in San Francisco. There they the Boards of the United States and learned of the Home. Miss Higgins went down to the theater and saw Canada and to minister more adethem the night before they came to us. 'l'heir stories are filled with hard- quately to this neglected group. When ship and sadness, they are very dear children and are so afraid they will the great I,atin American Conference have to go back to their owner that every time I say we are going to San meets in Montevideo inregAaprrdiil~g19t2h5~ Francisco they cry. All of Chinatown more complete facts is up in arms, and moving every possible point to get the children back." Indians will have been gathered so LATIN AMERICA that the conference may formulate .MR. Neglected Indians some adequate plan to reach them L. T. LEGTERS, who has re- cently returned from a long with the Gospel. journey through Central America and Mexico, under the auspices of the THE A Century in Jamaica Pioneer Mission Agency, made a care- United Free Church of Scotful survey of the Indian situatioIi and land is celebrating this year the has come back tremendously burdened centenary of its work in the island of Jamaica. Rev. George Blyth was sent out in ]824 in response to a re- quest by some planters for a mission- ary to instruct their slaves. This was the beginning of the work that now at its centenary, cannot be considered R. a mission, but a fully organized church. Rev. C. Young writes: "When we consider that some still live who were born in slavery we need not think poorly of a century's work. Por manv years Jamaica has manned calculations put the probable number her own"' ~chools, and the island is of visitors to the Exhibition at a dotted over with school buildings, minimum of 25,000,000. British where useful and efficient work is Christians have recognized the oppordone by Jamaican teachers. We have tunities for an evangelistic campaign a native ministry that outnumbers which such an occasion offers. The those sent from home. They are _the whole project received most _careful sons of our Church. Three of them consideration, and a United Commithave seen foreign service in Africa, tee has been formed, representing the and all are respected by the com- Church of England, the Evangelistic munity." Committee of the London Diocesan Conference, the Evangelical Free Head Hunters in Ecuador Churches, the Metropolitan Free Church Federation, the Church Army, FROM the highlands of Ecuador Salvation Army, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. to the east one descends into the C. A., National Young Life Campaign, heavily forested Amazon valley where World's Evangelical Alliance, and he finds himself in the land of the other organizations and interests. Headquarters are to be in an attrac- Jibaros, formerly it very numerous tive bungalow on the Exhibition grounds, near the British Governand warlike tribe who exterminated ment Building. the Spaniards who had established prosperous cities in that region. These c. M. S. Magazine Jubilee people are devil worshipers. If God is good, they reason, they have noth- THE monthly magazine published ing to fear from Him. The devil, how- by the Church Missionary Society, ever, is malignant; therefore he must the Church Missionary Review, was be propitiated by worship and sacri- started in January, 1874, by Dr. fice. The witch doctor is their chief Eugene Stock, who writes in the Deresource in time of sickness and need. cember, 1923, issue: "Looking back War is the normal state of the Jibaro over the fifty years ….. the C. M. S. Indian, first for the purpose of get- staff alone has multiplied nearly fourting wives from neighboring or enemy fold, and its income is about three tribes, second for revenge of injuries times as large as in 1874. Africa, then inflicted upon relatives during these siscanrocwelyopkennowfrnombeeynodndtotheendc.oasJta-lpinae~ wars, then for enemy heads that are had just (lpened its long-locked doors, supposed to bring good luck to the and now has its own organized possessors because of the sacrifice of Church. In India and China the the victim to the devil. During the progress is astonishing. It would take last two centuries the Jibaros have many columns to compare adequately greatly decreased in numbers. Their 1873 with 1923. Any careful student attitude toward thc whites has become will find that the revival and the exmore friendly and they respond read- pansion began at that time." ily to kindly approach.-W. F. JOR- DAN in The Christian Herald. Gospels for Belgian Homes EUROPE THE "Gospel Hunger" in Belgium, described in the REVIEW a year Evangelism at Exhibition ago, has been steadily increasing. THE British Empire Exhibition, to be held at Wembley Park, near Ralph C. Norton, Director of the Bel- London from April to October, 1924, will reproduce in miniature the en- gian Gospel Mission, writes: "We tire resources of the British Empire, and one of its primary purposes is have distributed during this year "to make the different races of the British Empire better known to each something like half a milliOn copies other." The most conservative expert of Scriptures and arreeligGioousspellist,erTaetsutrae~ 90,000 of which

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ments and Bibles. The sowing of this ter of finance refuses to allow seed, we are convinced, is one of the reasons for this great awakening, and subscriptions from church members in the absence of other agencies such as preaching, etc., which are the ac- for the support of their ministers. customed methods for evangelizing in other lands, is the sole basis for the Any church with less than 300 membeginning of a revival. As a marked illustration of the effectiveness of this bers is forbidden to call a pastor, and method, we have one colporteur who has, in the last four years, put 65,000 this makes small churches and mis- Gospels in homes, and during the same time, sold 12,000 New Testa- sions impossible. The state holds that ments, thus covering 131 towns, cities, and villages, and reaching a territory the majority in any community is encomprising 392,000 people. He seeks to get into every home." titled to the property of any denomi- European "Youth Movements" nation, and that the minister of affairs ALMOST every European country has the right to decide such owner- has a body of youth which to a large extent is aroused to its social ship and can assign the property ac· responsibility–'–that is, young people who realize that they must educate cording to his arbitrary wilL The themselves to the facts and the problems of the present, past, and future. schools for girls belonging to the Re- These so-called "Youth Movements" assume many points of view and formed Church have been seized, and modes of expression, many conflicting even among themselves. This awaken- are being used as hospitals for the ing (with the probable exception of Germany) is restricted to a minority treatment of venereal diseases. Lands of what one can call the youth of each nation. The significant fact is that of the churches have been taken by the minority is so large, and that the awakening is so intense. In Holland the state, allowing the owners only a the "Youth Movement" is almost entirely religious or ethical. It com- small acreage, and their own lands, prises a liberal religious group open to almost all creeds; a student Chris- after having been confiscated, are tian group; and the Practical Idealists' Association. In addition thrre rented to the former owners at proare many small groups-League of Religious Anarcho-Communists, anti- hibitive prices." The only remedy tobacco and anti-alcohol societies, and hundreds of individuals devoted to for some of these abuses is political kindred ideals. action. –Christian Century. State and Church in Roumania Poland and Religious Liberty I T was reported at the meeting of the Presbyterian World Alliance in THE new States created in Eastern Zurich that in Roumania the restric- and Central Europe have inscribed tions on church life are particularly religious liberty in their Constitution. severe. The situation there is de- They are bound to recognize religious scribed in these words: "The minis- bodies who work in their territory and afford them liberty. It is one thing to establish general principles-an- other to put them in operation in lands where the Roman Church has long had a political supremacy. In Poland the Churches that were work- ing before the new Constitution a:re recognized, but there are difficulties confronting the new work that has been undertaken, since the grant of the Constitution which honors reli- gious liberty can become really effec-' tive only when definite legislation in the form of an Enabling Law is passed. Pre-war arrangements make it possible for the older Churches to "carry on" without obstacles being placed in their path. "Denomina- tions previously unknown in Poland" may at any moment by administrative action be placed in perplexity and their work dosed down before any ef- fective appeal may be made to the

West to restrain the agents who de- tamia, and India. The Nile Mission sire to see this done.-Evangelical Press and the American Press at Bei- Christendom. rut are also sending out large quanti- ties of Christian literature. The The Dilemma in Iceland Egyptian secretary of the Society for I N April, 1922, the Parliament of the Prevention of Cruelty to Animah!, Iceland was compelled to suspend a young Mohammedan, recently orits prohibition law (adopted in 1908) dered 1,000 copies of "Black Beauty" because Spain, at present the chief from the Beirut Press and the large purchaser of the salt cod (Iceland's volume recently published by the Nile principal export) declared that she Mission Press on the deity of our would raise her import tax, unless Lord is having a remarkable sale. The Iceland would buy her wines (with monthly Christian paper, Orient and Occident, has become trilingual, and alcoholic content up to 21 %). For- in French, English and Arabic is merly much of this wine was dis- bridging the chasm between the East posed of in America. When the 1923 and West and leading young men to Parliament of Iceland met, no solu- consider the claims of Christ. Mostion was in sight, and the 1922 arrangement was continued, but the lems themselves are aware that the Parliament declared that "although in this session, on account of trade press is the deciding factor in the treaties with Spain, an exception from coming struggle. The editor of the Islamic Review, in London, writes the law regar.ding import of intoxi- concerning their propaganda: cants has been legalized, this excep- The immensity of the task that lies before tion has been made because of demand- Us compels us to the admission that we are ing necessity, but not because the scarcely able to meet the demand single· Parliament would depart from the law that was first passed on account of handed; and all the more so because of the lack of adequate means. We inVite, there- fore, one and an, each and every servant of a general vote among the people." Islam, to help us in the cause. The only Leaders in the World League Against means of uccess to the otherwise impreg- Alcoholism have made considerable efforts to help Iceland secure other nable hellXt of the West is literature. Can we produce it in a quantity sufficiently large to meet the demand ~ The answer lies with markets for her fish, one Scotch busi- our Moslem brothers.

ness man having been particularly active. Since the United States has Spiritual Growth in Egypt helped indirectly to get this small is- REV. WALTER T. FAIRMAN of land into difficulty, cannot America . the Fnited Presbyterian Mission, devise means to absorb some of this wrltes of the marked success that at· surplus of fish which Spain refuses tended a ~eries of conventions for the except at the cost of debauching the deepening of the spiritual life, held Icelanders ~ during November and December at AFRICA four centers in Egypt. "The special subject this year was: The Identifica- Moslems and the Press tion of the Believer with Christ: (1), EGYPT is controlled, Rev. Dr. in Death; (2), in Newness of Life; Zwemer says, "not so much by (3), in Service. Our devoted Egyplaws and religions as by the news- tia~ workers have received a great papers. These batteries have unlimit- uplIft and have gone back to their ed range, and seem to have endless various spheres of labor with their quantities of ammunition." The Mos- faith strengthened and their vision lem press was never so active. In the enlarged. Evangelistic services were native booksellers' quarters, great held in the evenings, and to these the packages of literature are seen ready general public turned out in such for the post and addressed to Tim- numbers as to tax to the utmost the buctoo, Brazil, South Africa, Mesopo- accommodation provided in each

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

place. In Luxor we have a large ordinated, so that they can work tochurch with seating for about 700. gether for the one great aim-salva- This was crowded every night with a tion of the State." most attentive congregation in spite or the fact that opposition meetings Plans fQr African EducatiQn were being held at the same time in the Coptic church in the town. In AN important step in the develop- Zagazig a special tent provided seat- ment of education in Africa has ing accommodation for about 700 men been taken in the appointment by the and women. This was filled to capac- Secretary of State for the Colonies in ity every night and many went away Great Britain of an Advisory Combecause they could not find room. At mittee on Education in the Crown the same time boys and girls were Colonies in Africa. Except in the gathered in the church itself for a definitely Mohammedan areas about special meeting for them alone. They nine tenths of the whole of native numbered about 200 and good work education throughout the continent was done amongst them. Can you has been hitherto carried on by misimagine the situation? In the heart sions. The appointment of this comof a Moslem city, a whole street mittee is an indication of the increasturned into a tent for the holding of ing interest of governments in the religious meetings attended by Chris- subject of education, and since mistians and Moslems and no disturbance sionary interests are represented on and no objection. Ten years ago that the committee, it provides an opporwould have been impossible. Today tunity for consultation between the not only was it possible but it was Government and missions on educadone." tional matters. Its announced purpose is "to study the problems of native A Cabinet Minister's Tribute education· in Africa and to facilitate the cooperation· of governments and THE acting Prime Minister of the missions in the development of a con- Union of South Africa, F. S. structive policy of education on sound Malan, while on tour in Cape Colony lines.' , in the autumn of 1923, paid a great tribute to the work of missionaries. NEAR EAST He said: "The work of the missionary should be recognized as part of In Syrian Villages the uplifting of the native races and part of the administration necessary WITH representatives of the Danto maintain law and order. Where ish Mission to the Orient and the missionaries are concerned, the use of British Syrian Mission, Rev. W. A. force is never, or very rarely, re- Freidlinger, of the American Presbyquired, and that is because of the mis- terian Mission at Zahleh, Syria, resionaries. We are able to govern mil- cently made a tour of several villages lions of natives, not by physical force, around Baalbek. He writes: "In aile not by policemen or soldiers, but by Moslem village very few knew how to the moral force which civilization and read.· A man working in the field was the example and influence of white asked if he could read and answered, men can give. The principles incul- 'No, we do not know here, but. in the cated by the missionaries, which are other village over there they know; based not on physical force, but on for there you will find Christians.' obedience to moral principles and the 'But do you mean to say that the principles of Christianity, should be Christians are better off than you?' supported. We should see that the 'Of course, if the authorities do not relations which exist between the ad- give them a school, no doubt their ministration of the country and the bishop will take care of them; but nomissionaries and their work are co- body cares for us here. ' The presence of these Catholic Christians seems 6 more often to be a hindrance. to the

Moslem than a help. In a mixed vil- their task. The taking on their own lage a young Christian man said to a shoulders by Syrian young men of Moslem :>hopkeeper when the mission- the burden of winning their land to ary asked him to buy a Gospel, 'ThiR Christ means the dawning of a better is not a book for you.' But the Mos- day for Syria." Syrian boys, too, are lem seemed wiser than he, for he just getting the vision. Rev. JJeslie M. took out his money and bought the TJeavitt, American Presbyterian misbook, saying, 'These people have come sionary, writes of two eighteen-yearto give us light and to make us know old boys who had attended a things we did not know before.' conference of secondary school boys. One is now conducting a Sunday- Church Union in Syria school every ,Vednesday afternoon and Sunday morning with an average APROMINENT feature of mission- attendance of fifty. He sent to the ary work in Syria, which is Rtill ~fission for Arabic hymnbooks and in its infancy, but growing, is the they fling hymns and have a prayer project of missionary union. The and the young man leads the discus- United Missionary Conference that sion on such subjects as "The Plan of has been in full swing for several ,Jehovah," "The Principles of Chrisyears joins the societies working both tianity," "Our Success as a Commun· under the .B'rench iu Syria, and under ity or Nation," and "True Patriotthe British in Palestine. One year ism." In the neighboring village the these two branches meet together and other boy organized a football team the altern!lte year they meet as north- and helped plan an entertainment for ern and southern sections, each in the benefit of the vi1lage schooL He their own territory. This union in- also invaded the meeting place of a cludes English, Scotch, Irish, Danish gang of a dozen boys whose custom it and American missionaries. Its func· was to meet every evening, tell dirty tions are purely advisory, but it stories, swear, and kill time. The firRt cements ·the workers and fosters effi· night that he started reading aloud to ciency as well. The Syrian Evangel- them from a good Arabic book a numicals, grouped as they are under the ber of the boys laughed at him and various church politics to which their called him" Preacher. " He continued respective missionary leaders are at- his efforts the second evening and betached, are chafing under these eccle- fore long the whole group was listensiastical divisions and agitating the ing intently to him. subject of combining. Their various denominational affinities are not in- A Motor Cycle in Arabia herited and ingrained, so union is easier, and their number is far from DR. PAUL W. HARRISON, misbeing so great as to thrive in spite of sionarv of the Reformed Church divisions; so that union, for them, in Ameri~a, has just returned to is imperative and quite practicable, Arabia, taking along a motorcycle. once their foster-mother societies en- He hopes to make the journey over courage such a step.-Presbyterian the Arabian Desert, which has hither- Magazine. to taken from ten to fourteen days on camel back, in less than twenty-four Syrian Youth for Syria hours. Ell'. Harrison is a friend of the ruling sheikh of the interior of I N the University of Beirut is a Arabia, Bin Saud, who is anxious group of Student Volunteers who that Dr. Harrison should establish a plan to give their lives for missionary hospital in his capital, Riadh, 250 work in their own land. One of the miles inland from the Persian Gulf. missionaries writes: "They are few, but enthusiastically committed to

Americans. By Joyce Oonstance alyptic beliefs. Its danger' is due

Manuel. l:lmo. IIi pp. 60 cents (cloth). substituting philosophic imaginings Oouncil of Women for Home Missions and for true revelations from God. the Missionary Education Movement. New York. 1923. Leaves from a Chinese Calendar, By Emma G. Lippard. Pamphlet. 12 pp. 50 cents. That is something that all citizens Woman's Missionary Society, United Lu· of the United States should wish to be theran Church in America, 1228 Spruce and help others to be-Better Amer- St., Philadelphia. 1923. 'leans. This may not always mean better Christians but better Christians These mission study lessons by a living in America must necessarily be missionary who knows and loves the better Americans. Miss Manuel has Chinese, present a vivid and true put forth her own ideas as to how to picture of Chinese life for juniors. make Americans better-by meetings, The book is well illustrated and the discussions, stories, studies, dramas chapters describe delightfully the ex- and pictures. She presents material periences of Taro and his friends in for twelve lessons with songs, talks, each month of the Chinese year.

stories of boys and girls, discussions, Adventures with the Bible in Brazil. By the suggested application and pray-er. F. C. Glass. Illns. Map. 12mo. 220 These lessons are inspirational and in- pp. 4s. Piekering and Inglis. Glasgow. formational and will help to teach 1923. children thankfulness, thrift, educational ideals, appreciation of beauty, A missionary of the Evangelical use of money, justice, reverence, re- Union of South America d-escribes adspect for law, loyalty and obedience ventures and incidents on three jourto God. 'rhe treatment is not always neys in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruas strong or on as high a plane as it guay, acros:'l Brazil and westward up might be-for example, reverence is the Amazon to Colombia. He met made to include too much. The test many strange people, had many thrillof these lessons will be in their use. ing experiences, saw the great need of the people because of their igno- Theosophy and Christian Thought. By W. rance of God and discovered the fruit- S. Urquhart. 12mo. 233 pp. $2'.25. The fulness of Bible work even in the Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1922. midst of ignorant savages and traders. Some of the converts tramped 250 Some people seem to be hypnotized miles to attend a Gospel conference. by theosophy. They do not know what South America is rich iu resources it means but swallow it whole. Here and possibilities, both physical and is an antidote of information. Dr. spiritual, but is especially in need of Urquhart is prof-essor of philosophy spiritual light and power. in the Scottish Churches College in Calcutta and recognizes both the beau- Short Missionary Plays and More Missionties and the false ideas in theosophy. ary Plays. By Margaret T. Applegarth, He shows its scope, its antecedents, its 2 vol. 12mo. 183 pp. and 184 pp. $1.00 contents, its value and its relation to net eaeh. George H. Doran Co. New Christianity. He perhaps deals with York. 1923.

it too leniently, but he is well in- The dramatic method of teaching formed and he seeks to be fair. Dr. and stirring the emotions and will is Urquhart conceives the chief value of becoming increasingly popular, espetheosophy to be its emphasis on the cially among young people. It has ad- reality of the unseen world and apoc- vantages and disadvantages. To 323

many, it is a sugar-coated pill. If as well as church. They give genthe impression finds its outlet in ade- erously, every tenth tree being marked quate expression of a practical sort, LX-" The Lord's Tenth" and every the disadvantages are lessened. These tllnth row of produce in the same way. missionary plays are well thought out This story is a good antidote to some to make the impression. The first of the sensuous volumes recently volume relates to race questions in written on the South Sea Islanders. America, to life in India, Japan, China, Spanish America and medical The Chinese Church National Ohristian missions and the second volume to Oonference, 1922. Report of the Interspecial occasions and methods such as national Christian Conference, Shang- Christmas, Easter, raising money, sell- hai. 8vo. 724 pp. $2.50. The Oriental ing literature and conducting mission- Press. Shanghai. 1923. ary meetings. The results are, perhaps, attained too llasily. Epoch making is the term rightly applied to the Shanghai Conference They are simple and make nse of of May, 1922. The missionary work in men, women and children. They re- China was there reorganized on a new quire few participants, simple prop- basis, giving larger place to the Chierties, and few rehearsals. The les- nese Church. Dr. Rawlinson and his son in each play is clearly taught bu1 co-editors, Miss Helen Thoburn and not unpleasantly stressed. Dr. MacGillivray, have gathered and arranged material from the commis- Pandita Ramabai. By Helen S. Dyer. Illus. sion reports presented to the National 12mo. 113 pp. 48. Pickering and Inglis. Conference as it relates especially to Glasgow. 1923. tqe work and program for the Chi- nese Church. The multitude of sub- Ramabai, who died last year, after jects discussed, as revealed in the thirty years of work for the child index, include: Chinese Religions, A.gwidows of India, was a woman of riculture, Architecture, Literature, great intellectual gifts and of spiritual Evangelism, Boys' Work, the Blind, power. Much of her wonderful life Family Worship; Children; Church is here told in her own words. The Life, Cooperation, Finance, Home volume, written by Mrs. Dyer, has been Problems, Medical Work, Industrial reissued as revised and brought up to Conditions, Ministry, Money, Mosdate. It is a story of faith working lems, etc. Any missionary to China unselfishly through love and reveals or those wishing expert knowledge, what the Gospel of Christ can do for will find this compilation of great val- Indian women. ue.

The Romance of Pitcairn Island. By W. Y. China Mission Year Book. 1923. Edited by Fullerton. Illns. 12mo. 112 pp. 28, 6d. Frank Rawlinson. 12 mo. 373 pp. The Carey Press. London. 1923. Christian Literature Society. Shanghai. 1923. Though it is the scene of one of the modern .miracles of missions, Pitcairn For three years, we have been with. Island is little known except in mis- out new editions of the Year Book and sionary history. The secretary of the it has been a real loss in spite of the Baptist Missionary Society of Eng- publication of the Missionary Survey land visited it recently and tells here volume. China is changing and these ·the thrilling story of its transforma- changes are recorded by fifty-two extion through the influence of a single pert observers, both Chinese and copy of the Bible carried thither by foreigners, from different points of the mutineers of the Bounty. If view. Their contributions on politics, any doubt the power of the inspired missionary work, the Chinese Church, Word of God, let them be convinced Education, Social Reform Movements, by reading this true narrative of the etc., are of great interest and value. South Pacific. The inhabitants are The statistics, map and missionary di- Christians and attend Sabbath-school rectory are in a separate volume. We know of no better way to keep abreast grams are suitable for diil'erent ages of movements in China than through and are of varied value but selections this annual review. can be made that will prove of use to any church, nllssionary society, young Some Boys and Girls in America. By Mar- people's or children's group. garet T. Applegarth. Illua. 8vo. 231 pp. $1.50 neb. George H. Doran 00. How to Produce Plays and Pageants. By New York. 1923. Mary M. Russell. IlIus. 8vo. 219 pp. $1.50 net. George H. Doran Co. New Originality and charm mark these York. 1923. home mission stories and their black and white drawings for children. The Like the foregoing volume, this is titles of the chapters whet the appe- a discussion of the uses of the drama tite – "Let's Discover America, " and how to plan and present plays "Little Prince of Wails," "Mind and pageants in order to produce a Your P's and Q's," etc. Children and desired effect on an audience. Some mothers or teachers of children will of the illustrative material is religious find them interesting and instructive. and some patriotic or missionary. The portion of the story of Joseph At the Mercy of Turkish Brigands. By given here is commonplace and un- Mrs. D. C. Eby. Portrait. 12 mo. 285 important, adding much to the Bible pp. Bethel Publishing Co., New Car· narrative but without clearly bringing lisle, Ohio. 1922. out the meaning.

The tragic days of war, massacre Enthroned-A Story of Christ. By F. D. and deportation in Armenia have pro- Seward. 8vo. 296 pp. The Stratford duced several graphic and thrilling Co. Boston. 1923. narratives. The present one, by a mIssIOnary, tells of experiences The life of Christ offers rich oparound the Armenian cities of Hadjin portunities for the novelist. It has and Marash. It is a story of suffering romance, adventure, human symand massacre, of warfare and cap- pathy, tragedy and dramatic incident. ture by brigands, of robbery and res- Mr. Seward has used these to good cue, of deportation and relief work, advantage in a straightforward, actold graphically in a way that en- curate and reverent story that follows ables us to sympathize with the mis- closely the gospel narrative and that sionaries and those whom they sought has for its purpose the enthronement to help. of Christ in the heart and life of the reader. While not so thrilling in in- Khama, The Great Afrioan Chief. By J. O. terest as "Ben Hur," it is more true Harris. Portrait. 12 mo. 122 pp. to the spirit and facts of the history $1.25 net. George H. Doran Co., New and does not draw, so much on extra- York. 1923. biblical material or the imagination of the writer as is done in other novels Khama is one of the miracles of mis- of the time of Christ. sions. The thrilling story here given has already been briefly told in the Practioal Lectures on the Book of Job. REVIEW to show what God can do in Frank E. Allen. 12mo. 303 pp. $1.75. human regeneration and what Afri- Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1923. cans can do to lead their people into Christian light. Job is a fascinating character and the book is an uplifting study, Joy from Japan. Recreation Programs. Ar- neglected by too many Christians. ranged by Catharine A. Miller. Paper. Mr. Allen has unfolded its meaning 8vo. 200 pp. The Heidelberg Press. and practical lessons in this series of Philadelphia. 1923. sermonic lectures. He rightly (we believe) holds .Job to be an historical Games and outings, socials and din- person and considers the story of his ners, tableaux, songs, stories, feasts experience an ancient dramatic presand plays are suggested here to in- entation of truth. The book is studied crease interest and give information on Japan as a mission field. The proin sections, not critically but homi- Places of Quiet Strength. By John Timo· letically, to point out the lessons to be thy Stone. 12mo. 250 pp. $2.00 net. learned in regard to home life, evil, George H. Doran Co. New York. 1923. suffering, faith, knowledge of God, wisdom, prosperity, repentance, sal- These twenty-two practical sermons, vation, etc. It is eminently sane, rev- by the well-known and much loved erent and practically helpful. pastor of the Fourth Presbyterian Church in Chicago, deal with spiritual The Jewish Question and the Key to Its themes in a practical way. They ap- Solution. Max Green, M.D., Philadelphia. peal to men and women who desire George W. Jacobs & Co. strength and vision, a knowledge of God and a Christ-like life among men. A Hebrew Christian deals with the We miss the charm of Dr. Stone's fact of the Jewish problem and the personality, but the essential message various attempts that have been made is here. to solve it. The solution of the Jew- ish problem will eome with the accept- The Mexican Nation-A History. By Her" bert I. Priestley. IIIus. Maps. 8vo. 507 ance by the Jews of Jesus as their pp. $4.00 net. The Macmillan Co. New own Messiah.

The Book of the Lover and' the Beloved. York. 1923.

By Ramon Lull. Introduction by E. Alli· Most Americans know of Mexico but son Peers. 12mo. 115 pp. $1.25. Mac· few know Mexico or the Mexicans. millan Co. New York. 1923. They associate the name with bandits and bull fights, with mines and oil, If ever there was a man with a passionate love for Jesus Christ that man with revolutions and Roman Catholic was Ramon (or Raymund) Lull, the superstitions. Dr. Priestley, the assopioneer martyr missionary to the Mos- ciate professor of Me:xican history at lems of North Africa. In this trans- the University of California, writes lation of some of his devotional writ- the history of the country in order to ings the saintly scholar and witness give the greater American republic a pours out his soul in love of his Master better and more sympathetic underand thoughts of how that love may be standing of the people. The story beincreased and manifested. It is very gins with the discovery by Spaniards stimulating to spiritual life and serv- in 1518, describes the economic, politice. ical history and closes with Car- More Jungle Tales. By Howard A. Musser. ranza's death in 1920. There is much lIlus. 12mo. 196 pp. $1.50 net. George said about Roman Catholic missions H. Doran 00. New York. 1923. and their influences but practically nothing of Protestant. The political India is a land of adventure as well influence and program of papal orders as a land that call~ for the message of in Me:xico are largely responsible for Christ, and missionarie~ who preach the chaos. the Gospel also have interesting and thrilling experiences. Some of them, like Jacob Chamberlain and Howard World Friendship Through the Church A. Musser, are skilled in telling of School. By John L. Bobinger. 12mo. their adventures so as to hold their 91 pp. $1.25 net. University of Chicago audiences spellbound. Here is a Press. Chicago. 1923.

bundle of twenty-five stories and Christian internationalism is the lesser incidents and pictures that subject of these ten studies for carry the shadow of the jungle and of churches. They aim at the promotion heathenism but also are shot through of peace through better understanding with the light of Christ. The tales are and greater sympathy. They include full of human interest, for thcy tell an appeal to different ages for misof boys and girls and their conflicts sionary work, broader study, more with wild beasts and with untamed unselfish giving, and active service for humans. Boys and girls will be in- others at home and abroad. A bibliogterested; so will adults. raphy accompanies each chapter. The Message of Mohammed. A. S. Wadia. One can only regret that with so 159 pp. $1.60. E. P. Dutton & Co. New York. 1923. clear a view of the outlines of his task, and approaching it with so tol- No praise is too high for the spirit rrant and ,no~-controversial a spirit, thc author S pIcture of Islam is so inof fairmindedness and toleration adequate. The strength and magnifi- ~ence of Islam lie in its conception of which characterizes this book. It is an effort to advance the cause of Islam by portraying the elements of truth God. One wonders whether the author which that religion contains and th1ere himself has ever had an adequate view is no bitter word nor harsh criticism. of that conception. If so, his power of p()rtr~ying it is almost nil. Palgrave, 'rhe author has many cordial things who IS the only English author who to say of Christ's teachings and of succeeds at all in showing the dimen- Christianity today. The book is from ~ions and strength of that conception the standpoint of a Modernist Mos- lem. Mohammed was far from per- is utterly condemned by the author of fect: and his teachings, notably on the this work.

subject tohfingpsolythgaatmyhavaendbeednivovrece~ All interested in missionary work contain for Moslems may well read this book. harmful. 'rhe Koran is full of mis- l"rom .it ,-ve get an exceedingly valutakes and of teachings that for us are able sldcbght on our task which is to obsolete. RO lift up Christ that the divine pic- This is an unusual stanupoint for tnre of God and the salvation whid1 He offers can draw mien to Him, eVPI1 Moslem apologists to take. The un- hesitating rejection of superstition. those who have been captivated by the and of outworn social legislation in system of ::'IIohammecl. P. w. H.

Islam, rather t~kes one '8 breath away. With Italy in Her Final War of Libera- tion. By Qhn D. Wannamaker. lllus. The frank admIssion that Christianity 8"0. 29,1 pp. $1.75 net. Fleming H. is more ideally perfect than Mohan~­ medanism, but that .Mohammedanism Revell Co. Xew York. 1923.

is the more vital of the two, is a new and rather startling beginning for The Y. :;I. C. A., by its humani- such a. discussion. The Wahabees of tarian work, contributed much to Cent.ral Arabia would repudiate a man Italy's efficiency in the World War.

makmg such admissions. ::-'[;. Wannamaker writ-es a glowing It is very inadequately realized tnbute to the work among the soldiers am0.ng. Chri.sti.ans, and even among at t~e front, in prison camps and in ChrIstIan ~Isslonaries, how powerful hospItals. Italv had 5000000 men and cOI,n.pelling a system of philosophy mobilized, took· nearly half 'a million underlies Mohammedanism, once its prisoners and had hundreds of thousuperstitions have been sloughed sands wounded in battle or incapaciaway. Ve are going to see eventuallv that to say that lIohammedanism ca~­ tated ,itnhtreoreusgthingilalnnedssinfaonrmd indgisfeaacste~ Slome not be true because it claims to be ~re gIven concermng Italy, the Ital- ~:miversal and its regulations regard- Jans and the War as wen as graphic mg prayer cannot be carried out in accounts of the Y work. About 300 the Arctic regions, is to betray an al- American workers were sent to Italy. most pathetic blindness to the real They did effective work though only questions at issue. When for instance th~ author asserts that the underlying ~ small part of it was strictly relig- phIlosophy and teachings of Moham- 10US.· Too much spacl) is given, per- medanism are more in a~corcl with thr haps, to defend and praise the y. too scientific, industrial ana politica1 much is said as to why the Ame;ican temper of modern times than those of Y did· not go to Italy sool1er and too Christianity, he: occupies a position little is told in the way of actual inci- from which it would be difficult to dents and experiences and the definite dislodge him. results of the work. Twin Travelogues. With paper doll cut directions are followed, the result outs. By Welthy Honsinger. The Abing. should be impressive. don Press. 50 cents each. New York. 1923. Progressive Suggestions for Planning Church Buildings. Plans and Sketches. These cutouts for India and Korea Edited by Elbert M. Conover and Albert are fascinating for young children N. Dobbins. Pamphlet. 48 pp. 50 cents. and very instructive. Travel stories Home Missions Council. New York. 1923. of children in foreign lands accompany the pictures. Use them in the This book will prove a real boon to home and in children's bands – and churches at home and abroad that are don't omit the travel stories. looking for ideas which combine beauty and utility for church and A Young Man's View of the Ministry. S. chapel buildings in city, suburb and M. Shoemaker. 86 pages. $1.25. Asso· country. It also has a good list of ciation Press. New York. 1923. books recommended.

Anyone who is engaged in the work Bible Stories in Rbyme. By Florence E. Hay. Illustrated in color. 4 to 84 pp. of the ministry, and anyone who has The Rodeheaver Co. Chicago. 1923.

at heart the recruiting of the ranks These are rhymes, not poems, and a few are only jingles, but they are of gospellers should welcome this little reverent and orthodox and tell the Bible stories so as to teach the lessons volume as much as the young men in intended. "Poetic license" causes oc- casional liberties with the Bible text, their hour of decision as to their life as when the "forbidden fruit" in gden is called an "apple." Most of work to whom this young minister has the words are simple and easily under- stood by the young boys and girls who primarily addressed his message. will find it easy to memorize the rhymes. The pictures are good. The Young Man'8 View of the Ministry is simple and practical as well as A. Correction.-John Lewis Hill, author of "When Black Meets helpfully (not fulsomely) personal. White, " is not a colored man, but is t.he white pastor of a church in Nash- The six divisions of the book-The ville, Tennessee.

Work, The Message, The Call, The NEW BOOKS Need, The Reward, An Appeal-com- Persian Women and Their Ways. C. Col· bine to send a ringing challenge to liver R.ice. Illus. Map. 312 pp. 218. Seeley, Service. London. 1923. men to givE' over their lives to Christ Unconquered Abyssinia As it is Today. to be used by Him in the abundant Charles F. Rey. Illus. Map. 312 pp. living and joyous serving He came 218. Seeley, Service. London. 1923.

to give. R. M. L. The Black Republic. Liberia, Its Social and Political Conditions Today. Henry New Blood. By Louise Rice. Illustrated. Fenwick Reeve. 200 pp. lOs, 6d. With· 12mo. 110 pp. $1.00 net. Fleming H. erby. London. 1923. Revell Co. New York. 1922. In Witch-Bound Africa. An Account of Immigrants furnish the material the Primitive Kaonde Tribe and Their for thesE' little "stories of the folks Beliefs. F. II. Melland. Illus. Maps. who make America." Though light 316 pp. 21$. Seeley, Service. London. reading for young folks and for mis- 1923. sionary circles, they will help to awaken interracial sympathy and a After Livingstone. An African Trade desire to help aliens. Romance. Fred L. M. Moir. lIlus. Map. 200 pp. 68. Hodder & Stoughton. Lon- India Painting Book. By Elsie A. Wood don. 1923. and Henry T. Vodden. Church Mission· ary Society. 1$. London. 1923. The Basuto of Basutoland. Eric Dutton. Illus. Map. 132 pp. lOs, 6d. Cape. Those who have seen the painting London. 1923. books of Egypt and other lands will (ConcZuded on 3d eover) welcome this. It is very attractive.

World Service. A Religious Pageant. By Alfred Luke Fanst. Pamphlet. 30 pp. 25 cents. Methodist Book Concern. New York. 1923.

Musical numbers are suggested, costumes, stage setting and lighting. If

~e MOSLEM

cA QUARTERLY MAGAZINE Published in JANUARY, APRIL, JULY, OCTOBER EDITED BY SAMUEL M.· ZWEMER, CAIRO, EGYPT ASSOCIATE EDITORS.

REv. H. U. WEITBRECHT ST.~NTO;/. Ph.D.. London. REV. V. ST. CLAIR TISD.{LL. Ph.D.. London.

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CANON W. H. T. GAIRDNER. B.A., Cairo. Egypt. REV. E. M. WHERRY. D.D.. India.

REV. IV. G. SHELLABEAR. D.D .. Madison. N. J. REV. A1"THUR JEFFREY. M.A.• Cairo. Egypt.

REV. S. RALPH HARLOW. M.A., Smyrna.

THIS is the only magazine in English which gives first. hand contemporary information from the missionary point of view regarding the world of Islam as a whole. The current number contains articles by expert writers on The Present Situation in the Near East; The Shari-Chad Country, Central Afdca (with maps); Moravian Missions to Moslems; The Outlook in North Africa; France a Disintegrator of Islam; The Sudanese Woman's Ontlook on Life; The Holland Mission in Egypt; Mohammed's Birthday; Turkey Seen from Tarsus; Islam in Bulgaria; Economic and Social Conditions in East Arabia.

Its Chronicle of Current Events is unique. Book Reviews and a Survey of Periodicals appear in each number.

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City .. ________ .. ________ … Oollntry. __ _ NEW BOOKS Lehner. Edited by George .T. Fritsche!, D.D. $1.25. Wartburg Publishing (C""c1url('(l from page 3::7) House. Chicago. ] 923.

The Re[l Chinese in America. .T. S. 1'0"". Chalmers of New Guinea. Alexander Illus. 168 pp. $1.50. Academy Press. SmalL Illus. 176 pp. 3s, 6d. Hodder Xew York. 1923. & Stoughton. London. 1923.

War: Its Causes, Consequences and Cures. Jackson of Moukden. M,·s. Dugald Christie. Kirby Page. 207 pp. $1.50. George H. Illus. 155 pp. 38, 6d. Hodder & Stough· Doran Co. Xow York. 1923. ton. London. 1923.

American Bible Society One Hundred and Livingstone the Master Missionary. Hubert Seventh Annual Report-1923. American F. Livingstone Wilson. Dlus. Map. 230 Bible Society. Kew York. 1923. pp. 38, 6d. Hodder & Stoughton. Lon· don. 1923. India Pie-a Book of Stories and Pictures. Various Autltors. 61 pp. 18. Clturclt Japanese Civilization: Its Significance and ).IissionHl'y Society. London. 1923. R.ealization. R. Staomi. 238 pp. lOs, 6d. Regan Paul. London. 1923. Year BOBk of Prayer for Missions, 1924. 25 cents. ).fission Boards of the Presby- Education in China. Edited by T. T. Lew terian Church in U. S. A. and T. T. Teng. $2.50. (Mex.) Mission Book Co. Shanghai. 1923. At the Mercy of Turkish Brigands. Mrs. D. C. Eby. 285 pp. Bethel Publishing Southern Tibet. Sven Hedin. 9 vols. 2978 Co. :'ew Carlisle, Ohio. 1922. pp. Rr. 700. Lithographic Institute of the Swedislt Army. Stockholm. Every Foreign Woman-a Modern Miracle Play. Alice W. S. Brimson. 11 pp. 15 Wanderings in Arabia. 2 vols. Cltarles cents. VVoman's Americau Baptist Home M. Doughty. (New Edition.) Vol. T. Mission Society. 2969 Veruon Avenue, 309 pp. Va.!. II. 297 pp. 20s. Duck- Chicago. ] 923. worth. London. 1923.

The Spread of Christianity. Paul Hutchin· The Awakening of Palestine. Edited by son. lIlus. Maps. 276 pp. $1.50. Leonard Stein and Leon Simon. Essays Abingdon Press. New York. 1923. by Varions Writers. 326 pp. 78, 6d. Murray. London. 1923. Atlas of the Evangelical Lutheran Mission in New Guinea. Index. Maps by Stephan Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIE1'f OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

in the UNITED

Need Your Help for a Place to Worship Will You Be One to send $.5.00 01' more to build this church-the only one for lepers in America?

number of lepers in the United States is incrE'asing, and must in-' crease unless they' are properly segregated. The Government has provided Hospital Sixty-six iu ~lOuthe1'll Louisiana "as a leper colony which may soon house 500 lepers. ~ican Christians must, however, provide religious consolation, in- struction and a place of worship-The Government cannot do it. Will you help ~ The Roman Catholics have already provided a, priest and an attractive and commodious chapel for their constituency, but this does not meet the needs of the Protestant lepers. The Protestant Chapel, funds for which are being raised by The Ameri- can Mission to LepElrs, will COHt about $52,000. The Protestant chaplain is already on the field and is proving a blessing to these sufferers. The clergymen of New Orleans and Baton Rouge are cooperating in the "York. Every Christian Church in America should have a part in fnIing this great neE'd. Ten thousand shares at $5.00 each will make possible the erection of this chapel. FiYe thousand shares already taken. Will you or your church, or both, take one or more shares in this Christ- like world DO IT NOW!

THE NEED IS IMMEDIATE Let Your Benefactions Live After You THIS IS A PART OF A WORLD-WIDE PROGRAM TO CLEANSE THE LEPER and TO RID THE WORLD of LEPROSY

The Missionary Review of the World — 1923 Index

MISSIONAR Y

REVIEW 0/ the WORLD VOL. XLVI OLD SERIES VOL. XXXVI NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editor-in-Chief, 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER. D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

January to December, 1923 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON EDITORIAL ASSOCIATES MItS. E. C. CRmnr Best Methods Department MRS. H. W. PEABODY Woman's Foreign Mission BuUetin FLORENOE E. QUINI,AN Woman's Home Mission Bulletin EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. A. R. BARTHOLOMEW, D. D. FLORENCE E. QUINLAN REV. ENOOH F. BELL FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL REV. RODNEY W. R<lUNDY REV. W. E. D01J'GHTY REV. WM. P. SCHELL, D.D.

REV. S. G. INMAN REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D. REV. JAY S. STOWELL JAMES R. JOY MIts. OlUHN R. J1J'DD REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR, D.D. REV. SAMUEL L. LooMIS, D.D. FENNELL P. TURNER REV. JOHN BAILEY KELLEY MRs. HELEN BARRET':!' MONTGOMEaY REV. CHARLES L. WHITE, D.D. ;MRS. F. W. WIlLCOX REV. ARTLEY B. PARSON RoBERT P. WILDER REV. L. B. WOLF, D.D.

CoPYRlGHTED, 1923-PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC• . THIRD AND REILY STREETS, HARRISBURG, P A., AND 156 FInH AVENUE, NEW YORK BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President MltS. E. C. CRoNK WM. 1. CRAMBER.LA.IN, Vic6·Presi.iknt H.A.RLAN P. BEACH WALTER McDOUGA.LL, Treasurer ERIC M. NORTH DELAVAN L; PIERSON, Seoretary MRS. HENRY W. PEA1lODY FREDElUCK L. COLVER FLEMrNG H. REVEr..r.

I MAPS, CHARTS AND POSTERS Page Page Africa, Bechuanaland Protectorate ……….. 371 – Missionary Map of …………….. (Insert) 7S2 Christian Citizens, Making ………•……..• 510 – Prohibition Poster Used in ……………. 811 Constantinople, Adult Delinquency Map of .. 285 Russian Paper, Cartoon from …………….. 887 Formosa, Christian Task in ……………… 900 Soviet Paper, Cartoon from ………………. 887 Indians in U. S., Protestant Missions to …. 684 Turkey, American Missions in ………….. 970 Japan, Churches and Temples ……………. 829 United States Communities Having Week – Missionary Hunger Map of …………….. 795 Day Religious Instruction …………….. 549 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS hp hp Africa, Chief Khama …………………….. 36'7 – Wife of General ……………………….. 629 – Chief's Son at Kasenga ………………… 16 Foreign Children in Streets ………………. 7()1 – Congo Christian Evangelists …………… 4 Formosa, Dr. Mackay of North …………… 884 – Congo Heathen In Native Dance……….. 4 – Famous Temple of …………………….. 001 – Explaining the Scriptures ……………… 459 – Mission Compound, Tamaui, North ……. 899 m – Grave of Alexander Mackty ……………. 676 – Seminary Conference, Taihoku …………. 003 – Holding Court in Rhodesia…………….. 13 Fourth of July Party …………………….. – Inferior lIa Type ………………………. 15 Frontier, Baptist Colporteur on ………….. 5~8 – Mackay's Grave Today …………………. 676 – Serving Churchless Community on …….. 5'6 – Mission School Girls in North …………. 297 – "Sky Pilot" Reviewing Parish on ……… 527 – Mupumani, Prophet of Ba-IIa …………. 18 – Type of KentUcky Mountain Home …….. 525 – Mwila Woman in Holiday Attire ………. 20 Greece, Typical Farm House in Southern …. 607 – Preaching Service In Galangue ………… 176 Hara, T ………………………………….. 987 – Preaching the Gospel in Central ………. 431 Hara, Taneaki, and Japanese Ex-Prisoners .. 964 – Raw Heathen of Kwato ………………… 188 Hinduism, Product of …………………….. 2'60 – Results of Rent Profiteering in ………… 710 Home Mission Leaders ……………………. 16'7 – Sunday Service in Khama's Place of As- Immigrant Woman and Child …………….. 31 sembly ……………………………….. 369 Immigrants, Teaching Turkish Albanian …. 600 – Superior lIa Type ……………………… 14 India, Benares Temples and Bathing Ghats.. 39 – Typical Baluba Village ………………… 17 – Bishop Thoburn Baptizing Converts ……. 244 African Boys in School at Tunis ………….. 433 – Coming Generation in …………………. 43 – Children, Homes of …………………….. 435 – Crowd of Hindus at Mela ……………… 49() – Christians, Church in Rhodesia Built by . 711 – Destruction of Government Buildings …. 40 – King and one of his Wives …………….. 173 – Girls' Boarding School, Gujerat ……….. 42 – Teachers and Evangelists ……………… 177 – Government College Buildings, Benares … 41 Africans, Dr. Springer Addressing Crowd of 709 – Group of "Untouchables" ………………. 255 Australasia, Village of New Guinea ………. 164 – Hut Used for Village School …………… 258 Bell, Rev. and Mrs. W. C…………………. 175 – Traveling Evangelists …………………. 109 Boys In New York. Club ………………….. 703 – Woman's Christian College, Madras ……. 259 Boys' Hammer and Saw Club …………….. 543 Indian Bread Makers, Hopi ………………. 685 BUrma, Rangoon Mission Press Room ……. 294 – Christians at Annual Conference ………. 262 Camp Fire Girls Around Council Fire ……. 539 – Maiden. Cherokee ……………………… 689 Children in America, Oriental ……………. 524 – PhYSician and Bride …………………… 2,61 – Neglected City …………………………. &21 – Student at Home ……………………….. 687 – Playground for City ……………………. 523 – Y. M. C. A. Camp ……………………… 692 – Playing on Church Lawn ………………. 541 Indians, Presbyterian Church Built by …… 693 Ohina, Bible School Students ……………… 105 Japan, After the Fire in Baptist TabernaCle 888 – Building the Churclj in ………………… 84 – American Friends' SchOOl, Tokyo ……… 78~ – Communion Service inChun Shan ……… 99 – Bronze Buddha. Kamakura …………….. 782 – Country Village In …………………….. 439 – Buddhist Sunday School Rally in ……… 800 – Devotional Service in Gen. Feng's Army " 33?' – Buddhist TeIIljple Festival in …………… 772 – Gen. Feng and Two Officers …………… 344 – Class in Deaf-Oral School ……………… 788 – Gen. Feng and Christian Officers ………. 343 – Crowd of Refngees', Tokyo …………….. 888 – Gen. Feng Burning Opium : ……………. 351 – Evangelizing PluIIljbers of Omi ………… 907 – Gen. Feng's Army at Prayer …………… 353 – Ferris Seminary, yokohama …………… 782 – Gen. Feng's Officers Assembled for Bible – Fireswept Ginza, Tokyo ……………….. S88 Study …………………………………. 347 – Fissures in Yokohama Pavement ………. SS8 – Gen. Feng's Sbldlers Praying for Rain …. · 348 – Gradnating Class. Bible Training School 782 – House Boat in …………………………. 97 – Houses Thrown Down by Earthquake …. 888 – Nanking Students in Library ………….. 1m – Images of Jigo in Old …………………. 821 – Portrait of Gen. Feng ………………….. 345 – In the Slnms of Kobe …………………. 808 _ Rnral Sunday School ………………….. 108 – Kindergarten, Children Playing ……….. 893 rC-hCi nhersies t iAannt iF- Ca mi gialrye t t.e. . Poster . … . … . …. . … !n4 – Launch Used in Omi Mission …………… 908 …….. … . … . …. . … 443 – Main Building of Omi Hospital ………… 911 – Girls, Rescued …………………………. 441 – Meij! Gakuin, Tokyo …………………… 782 – Girls Rescued in San Francisco Mission .. 893 – Methodist Episcopal Middle School, Tokyo 782 _ Soldiers, Baptismal Service for ………… 349 – Methodist Protestant Church, Yokohama . 782 Chowdhuri, John …………………………. 111 – Mission Kindergarten, Matsuyama …….. 789 Christmas Tree, Summer …………………. 92S – Omi S. S. Teaohers' Meeting …………… 900 CUfton Springs Conference Group ………… 716 ~ Protestant Episcopal University, Tokyo .. 782 Congo, Contrasts on the Belgian ………….. 4 – Refugees Crowding Trains, Tokyo ……… S88 Constantinople, Refugees in ………………. 288 – Refugees Fleeing from Flames, Tokyo …. 888 _ Turkish Boy Scouts ……………………. 287 – Results of lilarthQuake at Hakone ……… 8M _ Turkish Children of ……………………. 28tI – Ruins of Methodist Publishing House •. 888 Feng, General Yu-shlang …………………. 597 – Salvation Army Headquarters, Tokyo ….. 782 II Page Page – Scene after Fire In Tokyo ……………… 888 Mo~ta.na., Assembling for Annual Meeting …. 119 – Scenes from ……………………………. 782 – ' Jesus Meeting" of Crow Indians ……… 123 – Southern Baptist Church, Tokyo ……….. 782 – Staff and Nurses, St. Luke's Hospital …. 782 M- Sod School House …………………… .. 120 – Street In Tokyo ……………………….. 782 Timber Creek School House …………. : .. 121 -, Temple of a Thousand Gods, Kyoto …….. 788 oslem Periodicals ………………………. 267 – The Yoshiwara in Ruins, Tokyo ……….. 888 – To Fence, Teaching young …………….. 82'5 – Women Without Christ ………………… 299 – View of Tokyo in Flames ……………… 888 Mountaineers' Cabin, Tennessee ………….. 279 – Watering Paddy Fields ………………… 785 Negro Race, Inspiration to ……………….. 917 – Woman's Union Christian College, Tokyo ~S2 – Village, Model …………………………. 453 – Worshippers at Temple ………………… 787 Negroes, Boy Architect and House He Built 918 – Wreck of Chapel of Aoyama Gakuin …… 888 – New Type Schoolhouse …………………. 9 1 – Y. M. C. A. Headquarters, Tokyo ………. 78J – Old Type Schoolhouse ………………….. 920 – Y. W. C. A. Headquarters, Tokyo ………. 783 – "Pig Club" ……………………………. 919 – Yokohama and Harbor …………………. 782 Japanese Book Store, Destroyed by Earth- New Guinea. Heathen …………………….. 187 – – Mission House at Kwato …………….. 193 quake …………………………………. 888 – – Native, Typical ……………………… 379 – Christmas Advertisement ………………. 791 – – Natives, Teaching the Bible to ………. 191 – Ex-Prisoners, T. Hara and …………… 964 – – New Buildings Needed at Kwato ……. 193 – Girls in Rescue Home, Osaka ………….. 850 Phinney, F. D. . ………………………….. 293 – Mission Kindergarten, Armistice Day in " 819 Oxford, International Missionary Council .. , 839 – Salvation Army Officers ………………… 8()2 Pageant "The Way," Tableau in …………. 845 Java Converts from Mohammedanism …….. 364 Kagawa, Toyohiko ………………………… 8()6 Papua., Ambulance at Kwato Station ……… 383 – With Children of the Slums ……………. 809 Kago, Papuan Evangelist …………………. 189 p.- Leaving for loo-Mile Journey ………….. 381 Kindergarten Children with Flower Baskets 928 Outstation 8cl:ool ……………………… 377 Korea, School at Sin Chow ……………….. 449 IOneer Church III Oklahoma …………….. 512 Korean Christian Addressing Gen. Feng's Russia., Cathedral of Christ, Moscow …….. 617 Soldiers ………………………………. 627 – Inscription in Moscow …………………. 611 Kuyper, Jennie M………………………… 782 Sadbu Sundar Singh ……………………… 44 Leper Asylum in Venezuela ………………. 705 ~cenes from the World in Weymouth, Mass. 465 LinCOln Memorial University ……………… 281 Madras College Chapel …………………..1011 couts, Group of Boy …………………….. 537 Mexican Cilild, "After Taking" …………… 531 Scudder, Dr. Ida and Gertrude Dodd …….. 133 – – "Before Taking" ……………………. 530 – Girls, Industrial School for ……………. 529 Sia.m, Boys' Scbool '" …………………… 979 MeXicans, Community House for …………. 359 – Graduate of Boys' School …………….. 981 Mexico, The Key to the Situation ………… 361 Siamese School ………………………….. 985 Migrant Work, Checker Boards …………… 308 – Yeung Woman ……………………….. 983 – – "London Bridge" ……………………. 306 Siberia, Peter, MetrOPOlitan of …………… 615 – – Toothbrush Drill …….. ….. .. .. .. . .. …. ~07 Sudan, Women of the ………………….. 999 Migrant Workers' Children, "Little Mothers" 515 Thoburn, Bishop James M………………… ~63 – – Inside Home of ……………………… 517 – – Living in Auto ……………………… 516 – James at 23 ……………………………. 265 – – Shack ……………………………… , 519 Topping, Mrs. Henry …………………….. 812 MiSSionary Works, Where the City ………. 640 Uemura, Dr………………………. (Insert) 782 Modern Church in Oklahoma …………….. 513 Washington Monument, Booker …………… 917 Wives of General F'eng's Omcers ………. 973 Women's Work, ViSiting Nurse ………….. 639 Yajima, Madame Kaj! ……………………. 812 Y. M. C. A. Building, New Colored ……….. 26! – Conference of Colored Men ……………. 201 – Service in Fresh Air Camp …………….. 500 AUTHORS Page Dornblaser, E. H …………………………h . 3~00 Abel, Charles W ………………………. 187, 377 grach, George ……………………………. 456 Ano, K ……………………………………. 890 duu'}!f~sfs', ~: ::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::: ~:i Armstrong, A. E ………………………….. 899 Flwing, Sir .r. C. R. ………………………. n9 Aurell, Karl E ……………………………. 925 Axling, William ………………………….. 791 Fahs, Sophia Lyon ……………………… 976 Baker, Benson ……………………………. 449 Farmer, Rev. Harry ……………………… 263 Ferguson, Frances M. . …………………… 392 Barker, C. Starr ………………………….. 293 Ferguson, Mrs. Walter ……………………717 Barton, James L ………………………….. 891 Ferguson, W. L …………………………. 255 Bell, W. C……………………………….. 173 F'orhush. William Byron …………………. 533 Ford, James Tooker ……………………..lOW Beynon, E. D. .. ………………………….. 631 Franklin, R. O. .. ……………………….. 979 Bloom, W. Knighton ……………………… 525 Fr~ase, Edwin F ………………………….. 433 Fu ton, George W. . ………………………. 9??' Bolitho, Archie A…………………………. 924 Garritt. J. C. …………………………….. 22 Rosanouet, Amy C………………………… 816 Gates, Herbert W. . ………………………. 553 Boyd, Mrs. William ………………………. 741 Gleason, George …………………………. M2 Goforth, Rosalind ………………………. : 973 Brain, Belle M……………………………. 343 Gordon, Mrs. Thos. D. . …………………… 645 Brokaw, Harvey ………………………….. 777 Flamilto'l. PH.'lline Ernst ……………….439, 947 Hara, Tailchi …………………………. '" 986 Bronson, Julia H. .. ………………………. 891 Brown, Sara A……………………………. 515 ii:~:~/LC,O:': ::::: :::::::::::: :::::::: ::::::: ~ Browning, Webster E ………………….704, 73'" iiassel, .T. Woodrow………………………. 27 Bryant, Allce C. .. ………………………… 296 Bulkley, Daisy McLain …………………… 469 .FI:~:!teg. c;e c. ·. :. :::….. :::… :… :…. ::… ~.4: ~~; Burgess, Paul …………………………….. 204 Hope, Josephine …………………………..1002 Burke. Charles H. ………………………… 376 Horne, Dorothy M. . ………………………. 926 Hwang Cb'ing ……………………………. 6?7 CarJ1ichael, Amy Wilson …………………. 895 1.;1eh art, Edwin T ………………………… 923 Cary, Otis ………………………………… 826 Jenkins, W. F ……………………………. 926 Cogswell, Franklin D. .. ………………….. 559 .Judson, Adoniram ………………………… 129 Kagawa. Toyohiko ……………………….. 805 Cole, Raymond E. ………………………… 29 Kano, Hisaaklra …………………………. 824 Conning. John Stuart …………………….. 635 Kumm, H. K. W ………………………….. 736 Kyle, Alice M………….302, 395, 472, 569, 646, '741 Converse, Guy C. . ………………………… 906 CraWford, Raymond N ……………………. 289 Cress, G. Cl i ffor d . … …………….. ..m..,. . …. 119 Cronk, Mrs. E. C. .. …………….. 1~3. 'lIY1, 2$5, 386, 463, 559, 641, 649, 732, 841, 9ZT, 1009 Curtis, Frederick S. . …………………….. 890 Curtes, Helen Pierson ……………………. 891 Dening, Henry …………………………….. 552 Detweiler, Charles S. …… .. ………….. 460 Page Reed, Anna Stevens ………………………Pa1~; Lacy, G. Carleton ………………………… 445 Lamott, Willis ……………………………. 925 Riggs, Charles T ………………………. 783: 607 Latourette, K. S. …………………………. 93 Riggs, Ernest W ……………………….182 779 Lley, A. V. . ……………………………… 457 Rin?ge, Fred H ………………………….. .' 603 Limouze, Arthur Henry ………………….. 5'41 Robmson, Harold McA……………………. 556 Lippard, C. K. …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . .• 996 Roundy, Rodney W. •…………………. 453 685 Lobenstine, E. C. . ………………..•……..1(}13 Sadhu Sundar Singh …………………….. .' 178 Lovejoy, Owen R …………………………. 509 Sailer, T. H. P …………………………… 125 Mann, A. R. . …………………………….. 383 ~ChUltZ, Gertrude … 302, 395, 472, 569, 646, 741, 935 Manning, C. E. . ………………………….. 373 McCombs. Vernon M……………………… 529 cotto Charles E. . ………………………… 714 McConnell, Dorothy ………………………. 701 Shepherd, Charles R. …………………….. 893 McLean, Robert N. . ………………………. 359 Speer, Robert E ………………………… 33, 195 Miller, Kenneth D. . ………………………. 521 Spencer, David S. .. ………………………. 830 Miller, Mrs. E. H …………………………. 448 Springer, Mrs. John M……………………. 709 Mills, John Nelson ……………………….. 355 Squires, Walter Albion …………………… 548 Moton, Robert R. …………………………. 917 Staples, Hsnry E. .. ………………………. 926 Mott, John R. …………………………….. 54 Stauffer, Milton T ………………………113 620 Moyser, William ………………………….• 38 Stowell, Jay S. .. ………………………… .' 511 Murray, J. Lovell ………………………… 9 Taylor, J. Hudson ………………………… 277 Myers, H. W … , ………………………….. 8(}7 Taylor, Mills J. ………………………….. 45 Myers, Harry S•…………………..•…….• 295 Tenny, Mrs. Charles B……………………. 892 Napp, James E ……………………………. 273 Tobias, Channing H ………………………. 201 Niebel, B. H. ……………………………… 21 Topping, Mrs. Henry ……………………… 812 Oltmans, A. ………………………………. 912 Upson, Arthur T …………………………. 131 Ostrom, H. Conrad ……. : ………………… 790 Vickrey, C. V…………………………….. 278 Oyler, Mrs. D. S. . ………………………… 999 Vinson, T. C. . …………………………. .47, 432 Parker, Rebecca J ………………………… 109 Parmenter, Mary F. . …………………….. 104 Wainright, S. H ……………….. '" …….. 991 Patton, Charles E. ……………………….. W Webster, Daniel ………………………….. 547 Paxton, Jean Grigsby …………………….. 925 Wheeler, W. Reginald ……………………. 179 White, Edith H …………………………… 637 ~~~r~;: ~it~n ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::lm Williamson, Gladys Parker ………….. i ….• 279 Willoughby, W. C. ……………………….. 13 Peeke, H. V. S……………………………. 892 Wolf, John N …………………………….. 390 Polhemus, Sarah E ………………… 58,137, 215 Wyland, Ray O. . …………………………. 536 Peabody, Mrs. H. W. 302, 395, 472, 569, 646, 741, 837 Yamamuro, Gunpel ………………………. 801 Quinlan, Florence E ……………………… . Zwemer, S. M……………………….87, 267, 364 55, 139, 211, 306, 393, 469, 566, 650, 745, 851, 931 ARTICLES.AND NEWS Page Page Abyssinia, Facts About …………………… 475 – King, Letter from an ………………….. 429 – Seeks, What …………………………… 475 – Kings, Two ……………………………. 413 Afghanistan, Consul from ………………… 149 – Student Union, The ……………………. 486 – Progress in ……………………… :…… 69 Alaska Brotherhood, An ………………….. 156 Africa, "All in One Lifetime" ……………. 943 – Church in Metlakatla ………………….. 407 – Bantu Presbyterian Church ……………. 757 – Cooperation In …………………………. 318 – Blood Covenant In, T. C. Vinson ………. 432 – Report …………………………………. 652 – Changed Town …………………………. 579 Albanian Girls, For ………………………. 943 – Coming of the Bible ……………………. 655 Aliens, Unusual School for ………………..1025 – Delicate Situation ……………………… 41~ America, Leprosy in South, Webster E. – Development in Ashanti ……………….. 475 – Dr. Law's Preaching …………………… 864 Browning ……………………………… 704 – Governing Khama's People …………….. 476 American Board Receipts …………………. 63 – Hausas in Tunis, A. V. Liley ………….. 457 – Churches, Appeal to …………………… 758 – In 1922, H. K. W. Kumm ……… : ………. 736 – National Missions ………………………1()24 – Inland Mission …………………………. 476 Americans, First …………………………. 315 – Khama. Christian Chief of, J. C. Harris .. 365 Anglo-Indian Christianity ………………… 228 – Khama's Successor …………………….. 757 Argentina, Neglected ……………………… 868 Armenian Sunday School, An …………….. 58(} – !fh:tma',S ,Testimony", , ………………….. 864 Armenians in Bulgaria …………………… 66 – KikuVI IS Praying ……………. , ……. 656 Army Chaplains, U. S…………………….. 573 – King Helps Build Roads ……………….. 944 Asia M!no!, Ch.urc,!es Broken Up …………. 69 – King Khama's Testimony ……………… 2211 – – MISSIonarIes In ……………………… 68 – Letter from Dan Crawford …………….. 865 Assam, Christian Progress In …………….. 862 – Lutherans in East ……………………… 71 Atheism, Aim to Spread ………………….. 665 – Marvels of Progress …………………… 150 Australia, Bible Revival in ………………. 92 – Mission Education In, J. du Plessis …….. 435 Australian Aboriginees …………………… 489 – Modern Slavery in …………………….. 757 – Nurses' Movement ……………………… 949 – New Opportunities in North, Edwin F. Bandits In China …………………………1()37 Baptist Centenary, Southern ……………… 155 Frease ………………………………… 433 – Denominational Convention ……………. 939 – New Plans for Lovedale ……………….. 324 – Finances, Southern …………………….. 663 – Paris Evangelical Society ……………… 323 – Laymen's Movement …………………… 761 – Plea of Chlquetecoli, Wm. C. Bell ……… 173 – Program, A New ………………………. 663 – Present Crisis in ………………………. 338 – World Conference ……………………… 872 – Protected if a Christian ……………….. 944 Baptists In Europe ……………………….. 321 – Salvaging the Cargo …………………… 944 – Work of Southern ……………………… 62 – Slave Trade Revived ……………….151, 678 Belgian Congo, Ten Years In the, T. C;'" – Slavery in Togoland …………………… 944 – Study of Souls In Central, W. C. Wil- Vinson …………………………………., 47 Belgium. Gospel Hunger in ……………….. 152 loughby …………… , ……. '" ………… 13 – Not Devils but Angels ………………… ~ 653 – Tale of Rent Profiteers in, Mrs. John M. Bengal, New Woman in …………………… 658,.: Best Methcds, Edited by Mrs. E. C. Cronk,51,' Springer ………………………………. 709 – Training Evangelists …………………… 476 133, 207, 295, 386, 468, 559, 641, 732, 841, 927,1009: – Unworked Field In West ………………. 656 Bible and Progress in Greece …………….. '~24 – Woman's Heroism ……………………… 756 – and State Laws. The …………………… 761 African Boy Scouts ………………………. 71 – Churchman'S Missionary Society, The '… ','. ·.4116 ' – Chief. Tablet to ……………………….. 865 – for Prince Regent, A …………….. : …. ;'; 864 – Girl, Story of an, Josephine Hope……..1002 – in Germany, The ……………………….. illS – Internationale …………………………. 578 Page – Catholic Missions in …………………..~a11: – in Italian Prisons ……………………… 65 – Institute, National …………………….. 760 – Century after Morrison ………………… 751 ~ Modern Ignorance of the ………………. 576 – Child Labor in Hong Kong …………….. 444 – Power in the Word ……………………. 425 – Christian Business Man ………………… 753 – Revival in Australia …………………… 92 – – Leadership In ……………………….. 85 -' Sales In Punjab ……………………….. 310 – – Students at Nanking ………………… 947 – Schools, Vacation ………………………. 155 – – Women Organize ……………………. 584 – Teachers for China, Training, Mary F. – Chr!st!an!tr in (Extracts from Reports) .. 113 Parmenter …………………………….. 104 – Chrlstlamzmg Industry ………………… 312 – World's Best Seller ……………………. 490 – Church Growth Amid Brigandage ……… 584 Bibles in Priests' Houses ………………… 854 – Community Church Movement …………. 752 Bibles for Japan ……………………….•..1038 – Educational Com,m,lssion to ……………. 125 Blind, Religious Privileges for the (Report) 853 – Elder Tu and the Stolen Church Money, Bolivia, Indians of ……………………….. 318 Charles E. Scott ………………………. 714 Bolshevism in China ……………………… 401 – Feng's Army …………………………… 480 Bolshevists and Christianity ……………… 410 – Forward Steps in Yunnan ……………..·.·232 – in England Young …………………….. 576 – Gift to Y. W. C. A…………………….. 482 Bombay, Another "Conscience Clause" …… 229 – Helping Ricksha Men ………………….. 313 – Reorganization in ……………………..1035 – Home Life in, Pauline E. Hamilton ……. 41lll- Boy Scouts, African ……………………… 71 – How a Missionary Works in, Charles E. Boys and Girls, American ………………… 501 Patton ………………………………… 97 Boys' Workers, World Conference of ……… 602 – in 1923 E. C. Lobenstine ………………..1()13 Brazil, Believers in ………………………. 487 – Increase in Secret Societies ……………. 660 – Book Stores in …………………………. 665 China Inland Mission and Education …….. 74 – Effect of Revolution on School …………. 759 – – – Growth ………. . . .. .. . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. 660 – How the Gospel Entered ………………. 408 – Inspired Interpreter ……………………. 583 – New Method In ………………………… 868 – International Church ………………….. 7&1 – Protestant Centenary in ……………….. 319 – New Religion in ……………………….. 428 Brazilian Sunday School Teachers ……….. 487 – New Stage in MiSSions in, K. S. La- Britain's Boxer Indemnities ………………. 230 tourette ……………………………….. 93 British Conference, Annual ……………….. 941 – Notable Pastor …………………………. 861 – Labor and Religion ……………………. 222 – Officials and Gentry Baptized ………….. 401 – Laymen's Movement …………………… 758 – "On the Ways," New, J. C. Garritt ……. 22 – Societies, Controversy in ………………. 64 – Overwhelming Opportunity ……..,' …….. 582 – Student Volunteers …………………….. 151 – Peace Movement in ……………………. 401 Buddhism and Christianity …………….. : .. 855 – Political Ontlook in ……………………. 858 – Siam the Last Stand of, John Nelson Mills 355 – Prayer Meetings for Officials ………….. 588 Buddhist Activity in America …………….. 941 – Present Perils in ………………………. 249 – Opposition ……………………………… 315 – Progress In South ……………………… 860 – Peace Platform ………………………… 233 – "Rag Tag" Sunday School …………….. 948 Buddhists, Invitation from ……………….. 862 – Reform Society Organized …………….. 860 Bulgaria, Armenians in ………………….. 66 – Return of Opium ………………………. 143 – Preaching in …………………………… 654 – Retnrns on Investment ………………… 232 – Revival In ……………………………… 410 – Shall We Send Fewer Missionaries to, Burma, HUman Sacrifice in ……………….. 946 Milton T. Stauffer ……………………. 620 – Rangoon Press, C. Starr Barker ……….. 293 – Soldier Evangelist …………………….. 947 – Religious Forces in, Raymond N. Crawford 289 – Training Bible TeaChers for, Mary F. Burmese Worker, A ………………………. 2f9 Parmenter ……………………………. 104 C. M. S. Faces Forward, The …………….. 653 – Two Missionaries Murdered ……………. 947 Cairo, Commencement in …………………. 756 – Unoccupied …………………………….. 254 – Students in …………………………….. 663 – Western Education in …………………. 751 Camp Fire Work, Scouting and, Ray O. China's Renaissance, Bible and, G. Carleton Lacy ………………………………….. 445 Wyland ……………………………….. 536 Canada, Church Figures from ……………. 664 Chinese Boxer Indemnities ……………….. 859 – Church Union In ………………….. 681, 1025 – Business Man, Gift of …………………. 231 – Church, Aims of ……………………….. 142 – Cooperation Among Churches of, C. E. Manning ………………………………. 373 – – Future Task of the …………………. 696 Canadian Student Conference …………….. 317 – – in Cuba ……………………………… 760 Cannibals Ask for Teachers ………………. 70 – Club Woman, Christian ………………… 481 Canton College Growth……………… …… 74 – Girl Slavery In America, Charles R. Shep- herd ………………………………….. 893 Catholic Missions in China ……………….. 144 Cat.holicism, French Priests Marrying ……. 320 – Governor's Gift ………………………… 132 – Peru alid the Vatican ………………….. 319 – Greatest Living ………………………… 583 Central America, Task in ………………… 575 – Home Missions ……………………… 311, flj10 Child, Home Missions and the, Jay S. Stowell 511 – Judge Baptized ………………………..1036 – Legislation in Colorado ………………… 870 – Leaders, Training ……………………… 480 Chjl~ren, Arnone: Ozark …………………… 938· – Martyr, A ……………………………… 860 – Social Settlement, A …………………… 232 – Missionary Education for, Sophia Lyon Fahs ………………………………….. 976 – Student Vo'Iunteers …………………….. 73 – Students and Christianity ……………… 24" – of Migrant Workers, Neglected, Sara A. Brown '" ……………………………… 515 – Woman's Work ………………………… 1~2 – of the City, Neglected, Kenneth D. Miller 521 Christian Endeavor Growth ………………. 23n Chile, Catholic Bishop's Tribute ………….. 759 – Literature, Large Gift for ……………… 58 – Changed Situation in ………………….. 88 – Missions, An Enterprise of Hope, R. E. Speer …………………………………. 190 – Earthquake, After the …………………. 937 – Friendliness In ………………. , ………. 576 0.hristie ReAIe:ns, Dr. Dugald …………….. fil!4 – New Era Movement In …………………. 407 Christmas Bells (Poem) ………………… .1()W – Relief Work in ………………………… 221 Church is Doing, What One, Arthur Henry Llmouze ………………………………. 541 China, Actfvitles of Brigands …………….. 479 – Among the Miao ………………………… 74 Church of All Nations ……………………. 316 – Anti-0.hristian ProJ}aganda …………….. 609 Church Program for the Immigrant, A, Ray- mond E. Cole………………………….. 29 _ Antl-Foot-Blnding Move …………….312, 752 – – by Bandits ………………………….1007 – Union-Two Evang-elical Denominations . – Atta~ked by Soldiers …………………… 947 Unite. B. H. Niebel …………………… 91 – Bandits In Honan ……………………… 73 Citizenship, Conference for Better ………. 967 – Bible Encyclopedia for ………………… 750 – Insurance, Home Training as, William – – Institute in Hunan ………………….. 584 Byron Forbush ……………………….. 533 – – Society Secretary ……………………. 948 Colombia as a Mission Field ……………..• 487 – – Women and Bandits ………………… 859 – Christian Employees Wanted ………….. 408 – Blind School in Canton ………………… 752 – New Thing- in ………………………….. 319 – Boxer Indemnity Plans ………………… 481 Community Church Conference …………… 662. Page Federated POSSibilities, Mrs. E. C. Cronk …~a6~i – – Rural ……………………………….. 931 Federation of Christian Women ………….. 472 – Work ………………………………….. 55 – Woman's Boards of Foreign MiSSions …•l019 – – in Cleveland, Ohio, Arthur Henry – Proposed, New ………………………….. 218 Feng, General, and Social Service, Mrs. Limouze ………………………………. 541 Congo Revival, A ……………•…………… 413 Jonathan Goforth …………………….. 973 Congo Station, A New ……………………1032 Feng. Yu-shiang, Christian General. Belle M. – Ten Years In the Belgian, T. C. Vinson.. 41 Constantinople, Outlook in ……………….. 227 Brain …………………………………. 343 – Refugees in ……………………………. 411 Feng's Army, General. Hwang Ch'ing …….. 627 – Searching for Facts in, Charles T. Riggs. 283 Fil~p~no Stndents, W!nning ………………• ~ Cooperation Among Churches in Canada, C. Flilpmos, Church UnlOn Among ……… c…. "lIlO – Sacrifices of ……………………………. 665 E. Manning …………………………… 373 Finnish Mission Work ……………………. 66 – in Canada ……••………………………. 15~ Foreign Missions at Bethlehem …………… 89 – In Home Missions ………………….869,574 Foreigner, The Child of the, Dorothy Mc- – Montana, Denominational,' G. Clifford Connell ……………………………….. 701 Cress …………………………………. 119 Foreigners-New Americans ………………. 93L – West …………………………………… 574 Formosa. Fifty Years in North, A. E. Arm- – Interracial …………………………….. 469 Cooperative Movements In China …………. 401 strong ………………………………… 899 Country Church, Farmers and the, A. R. France, Fighting Alcohol in ………………. 8M – Rural Protestants in …………………… 708 Mann …………………………………. 383 – Temperance Work in ………………….. 488 Crawford, Carrie Lena ………………….. 1010 French-"Junior Republic" ……………….. 634 Cuba, Chinese Church in …………………. 760 – Priests Marrying ………………………. 320 Cuba's Educational Needs ………………… 574 – Protestants, Unity of ……………. '…….. 222 Czecho-Slovakla, Church in ………………. 943 Frontiers. Overcoming Handicaps on the, W. – – Outlook in …………………•…….•..1030 Czecho-Slovaks Eager for Truth ………….. 66 Knighton Bloom ………………………. 525 Danish Missionary Crisis ………. ,………. 66 Gandhi and His Wife …………………….. 147 Decalogue a Novelty ……………………… 220 German Bishops' Appeal …………………. 866 Dea.ths- – Churches, Need in ……………………… 321 – Ayer, Francis W ……………………….. 331 – – Unite ……………………………….. 66 – Allen, Dr. Arthur H., of New York ……. 590 – Missions. British Limits on ……………. 490 – Clark, Rev. Joseph B., of Brooklyn …… 769 – – In Hunan …………………………… 74 – Doolittle, Rev. Geo. C., of Syria ……….. 157 – – Status of ……………………………. 223 – Eddy, Dr. Mary Pierson, of Syria ……… 956 Germany, Bible in ……………………….. 153 – Fitch, Rev. George F., of China ……….. 331 – – Study In Prague ……………………. 321 – Forsyth, Rev. Robert C., of China …….. 239 – Relglon in …………………………..759. 866 – Hail, Rev. Alexander Durham, of Japan .. 769 – Students' Crusade ……………………… 152 – Kinnaird, Lord, of London …………….. 331 – Larsen, Rev. Lauritz …………………… 239 Gldeons' Bibles ……………………………1026 – Macdonald, Dr. James A., of Toronto ….. 590 Giving-How Koreans Give……………….. 75 – Mason, Rev. Alfred De Witt, of Brooklyn 331 Gospel in Industry, The ………………….. 142 – McGilvary, Mrs. Sophia, of China ……… 769 – Interpreted by Life, The, Toyohiko – Messer, L. Wilbur, of Chicago …………. 7~9 – Schultz, Rev. D. L., of Philadelphia …… 595 Kagawa ………………………………. 805 – Smith, Dr. Wilton Merle, of New York … 956 Greece, Bible and Progress in ……………. 424 – Stewart, Lyman, of Los Angeles ……….. 956 – New Life in Old. Charles T. Riggs …….. 007 – Strack, Prof. Herman L., of Berlin ……. 239 – Plain Speaking in ……………………… 489 – Thoburn, Bishop James, of India ………. 157 – Problems in …………………………… 867 – Torrance, Dr. David W., of Palestine ….. 956 Greek Patriarch. The …………………….. 863 – Wanamaker, John, of Philadelphia ……. 157 Guatemala, New Station in ………………. 575 – Webster, Rev. James, of Manchuria …… 769 Haiti, Nosirel L'Herisson, Apostle of, Charles – Wood, Rev. Thos. B., of South America … 239 Deficits, Boards Facing …………………… 869 S. Detweiler ………………………….. 460 Denominational Standards, Raising ………. 504 Hausas in Tunis. Among the, A. V. Liley … 457 DiSCiples, Forty Years Progress ………….. 155 Kawaii, Center of Helpfulness ……………. 586 Dutch Reformed Reorganization ………….. 761 Ecuador-Protestants and Earthquake ……. 86& – Japanese In ……………………………. 8n Education-Coming Generation …………… 762 – Department, New ………………………. 938 Hebrews ………………………………….. 139 – in Africa, MISSion, J. du Plessis ………. 435 Holland Leads, Where ……………………. 223 – India's Need for Christian, Benson Baker 449 Home Missionary Progress, Signs of ……… 885 – Making Missions Through Missionary, – Missions and the Child. Jay S. Stowell … 511 – – at Atlantic City …………………….. 165 Gertrude Schultz ……………………… 935 – – Life Service in ………………………. 405 – New Materials for Missionary, Franklin – Training as Citizenship Insurance, Wil- D. Cogswell …………………………… 559 liam Byron Forbush ………………….. 5~3 – Religious VB. Christian, Harold McA. Rob- Huguenots and Walloons …………………. 483 Hungary. Growth of Religious Freedom in, inson …………………………………. 556 – State University Experiment ….'…… , " .. 7Rl E. D. Beynon ………….. . …………… 631 Educational Commission to China, The ….. 125 Illiter2.cy in America. Overcoming Spiritual. Egypt, Church in ………………………… 150 – Independent ……………………………. 70 Walter Albion Squires ………………… 548 – Proved His Conversion ………………… ??41 – Asset or Liability? The. Fred .J. Rlnd~e 603 – Religious Liberty In …………………..1()31 Immigrant, Church Program for the, Ray- – Sherwood Eddy in ……………………… 578 – United Front In, S. M. Zwemer ………… 86 mond E. Cole …………………………. 29 – W('men in ……………………………… 70 India., Argument on Idolatry ……………… 861 Fgyotian Life, Force in ………………….. 864 – Bible Lessons in Schools ………………. 582 lllnglaIld-<no:lo-Catholic Jdeal ……………. 8R" – – Study in Schools ……………………. 399 English Churches, Council of …………….1029 – Bishop Azariah's Success ……………… 148 Englishwoman's Heroism, An …………….. 754 – Cas~e a Live Issue ……… : ……………. 75l li'lniscopal General Cnnvention ……………. ~ 6' – ChrIst and Sadhu Sundar Smgh ……….. 11g- – Christian Conference, AlI- …………….. 309 Europe, American Christians' Responsibility 337 – Christian Statesman …………………… 945 – ReligiOUS Conditions in ………………… 600 – College Notes from, Miss A. B. Van Doren 646 – Sunday Schools In ……………………… 653 – Conscience Clause in Bombay………….. 71 Flvangelism, Church Army ……………….. 152 – Continuing Ramabai's Work …………… 72 Evangelist. From Suffra~ette to …………… 870 – Converted Devil Priests ……………….. 58~ Evangelistic Campaign In Chicago ……….. 6M. – ConvertR bv Force Retu.rn ………………. 147 Flxhibits. Missionary ……………………… 463 – Demon Cast Out ………………………. 229 Fxnendltures, Comparative Missionary …… 762 – Estimate of Gandhi ……………………. 399 Federal Council of Churches ……………… 218 – F.x"rcising ~vi.1 Rnir-its ………………… 6"FiR – E-Sorcerer's Flock, An ………………… 72 – In 19'2. Sir J. C. R. Ewing …………….. 739 – in the Melting Pot, Wm. Moyser ………. 38 – "Krist. Ashram" ……………………….. 47~ – Medicine Men ………………………….1026 Page Page – Mission to Aristocracy of, Rebecca J. – – Religion in ………………………….. 233 Parker ……………………………….. 109 – News from Devastated Areas in ……….. 889 – Missionary Service in ………………….. 658 – 1922 in, J. G. Dunlop …………………… 847 – Missions and Social Reform …………….. 479 – Opportunities for Christian Education In, – Mrs. Starr's Hospital ………………….. 945 C. K. Lippard ………………………… 996 – Nationalists Quote Bible ……………… 399 – Power of the Wiord …………………….. 854 – Native Guides for Masses ……………… 479 – Preaching to Railway Men …………….. 856 – New Opportunity In, W. L. Ferguson ….. 255 – Rep{)rts from Devastated Area ………… 781 – Nuranie Pulls Her Blinds Up, Amy Wil- – Results of Kanamori's Work ………….. 748 son Qarmichael ………………………. 695 – Self-Support in …………………………. 404 – Outcaste Mass Meeting ………………..1035 – Social Evil in Gunpei Yamamuro ………. 801 – Scotch Centenary in ……………………. 147 – Social Problems in …………………….. 314 – Signs of the Times in, James E. Napp …. 273 – Some Anti-Christian Forces In, William – Singing Evangelism ……………………. 754 Axling ………………………………… 791 – Sundar Singh Still Living … '…………… 861 – Students Baptized ……………………… 482 – Tana Bhagat Movement ……………….. 71 – Success of Kimura's Meetings ………… 855 – Temperance Teaching in ……………….. 861 – Successful Tent Meetings ……………… 949 – Truth About …………………………… 309 – Temperance for ………………………… 748 – Turning Point in …………….. .'………. 229 – Toyohiko Kagawa ……………………… 314 – Union Educational Efforts ……………… 946 – Unfinished Tasks in, David S. Spencer … 830 – Untabulated Influence ………………….. 754 – Voluntary Church Union ………………. 749 – Veteran's Service ………………………. 582 – Woman Movement in ………………….. 145 – Women Organize in ……………………1035 Japanese-Americans ……………………… 941 – Would Be Christian ……………………. 146 Are Reading, What the, S. H. Wainright .. 991 Indian Chief a Christian …………………. 762 – Bishops ………………………………… 585 – Church, Peril of ……………………….. 228 – Church, Union …………………………. 871 – Dances, North American ……………….. 664 – Conference, Important …………………. 856 – Mission Board, An …………………….. 581 – Ex-Prisoners, Christian Work for, T. Hara 986 – Official, Tribute from ………………….. 311 – Miners, Work for ……………………… 857 – Outcastes' Appeal (Poem), Anna Stevens – on Pacific Coast ……………………….. 871 Reed ………………………………….. 132 – – World Peace ………………………… 854 – Student Volunteers …………………….. 230 – Police Attitude ………………………… 144 – Wanls Religion, American …………….. 156 – Y. M. C. A. Leader …………………….. 948 – Woman, Tribute to an …………………. 72 Japan's Escutcheon, A Blot on, J. Woodrow "Indianization," Move toward ……………. 310 Hassel ………………………………… 'l1 Indians, Advice to ………………………… 486 – Need of Christianity, Hisaakira Kano …. 824 – Red Man in the U. S., Rodney W. Roundy 685 Java, Dutch Church in ……………………. 230 – Work Among American ………………… 155 – Missions in ……………………………. 157 Indian's Gift for His People, An, Charles H. Jew-Our Brother, The, James T. Ford …..1006 Burke ………………………………… 376 Jewish Life of Christ, A …………………. 950 – Testimony, An ………………………. ' .. 941l – Persecutions and Feasts ……………….. 666 India's Attitude toward Christ ……….167, 103~ – Statistics, Some ……………………….. 324 – Need for Christian Education, Benson . Jews Become Christians? Do …………….. 666 Baker …………………………………. 449 – Christ's Cause Among the, John St.uart – Supreme Need …………………………. 311 Conning ………………………………. 635 Indies, Christians in Dutch East …………. 400 – in New York, For ……………………… 484 Industrial Mission that Evangelizes, An, Guy C. Converse …………………………… 906 – Moslems Persecute …………………….. 478 – Work, Productive ……………………… 220 .Tudson's Missionary Message …………….. 129 Interdenominational Missionary Agencies …. 972 Kennedy School of Missions ……………… 939 International Missionary Union Report, Mrs. Khama, Christian Chief, J. C. Harris …….. 365 Walter Ferguson ……………………… 717 Korea, Banker Accepts Christ ……………. 233 Inter-racial Cooperation ………………….. HA – Changes in Thirty Years ………………. 857 – Digging and Trusting ………………….. 314 Ireland, Bible in ………………………… 1029 – Ex-Leper's Work ………………………. 234 – Protestants in …………………………. 320 – Fruits of the Gospel …………………… 404 – Revival in …………… . .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. . … 865 – Mission Schools Reoognized ……………. 857 Islam, Christ or ………………………….. 412 – New ……………………………………. 145 – One Evangelist's Audience …………….. 585 – New Caliph for ………………………… 148 – Progress and Power in ………………… 677 – Religious Education in ………………… 483 – Thousands of Converts from, S. M. – Starting a School in, Mrs. E. H. Miller … 448 Zwemer ……………………………….. s3m64 – Theological Training in ………………… 662 Italian Schools, Cruel fix in ………………. Korean Church in New York …………….. 483 Italy, Catholics in, and Ohio …………….. 1030 – Factory Girls ………………………….. 858 – Fascist! and Protestants ………………. 223 =- Progress, Figures of …………………… 146 – Politics and Religion in ……………….. 597 r~~~~~nl:s B~i~f;;' ::::::::::::::::.': .. :.'.':::.': ~ Japan and the Vatican …………………… 482 – as a Mission Field, Hilton Pedley ……… 783 – Catastrophe and Christian Missions, The. Harvey Brokaw ……………………….. 774 – Women, Conference of …………………. 75 – Christian Church in, A. OItmans ………. 912 – Women's Club …………………………. 235 – Christian Conscrif)t ……………………. 313 – – Progress in …………………………. 144 Kore..ns as Missionaries ………………….. 749 – Christianity and the Making of New, Otis – Give, How ……………………………… 75 Korea's Spiritual Outlook ……………….. 630 Cary ……………………………………. 826> – Cloud on the Sunrise Kingdom ………… 773 Lahrador, Rebuilding at Nain …………….. 871 – Dangerous Thoughts in ………………… 403 – Reindeer for …………………………… 574 – Daughter's Service …………………….. 233 – Demand for Bibles …………………….. 748 Latin America, 1922 in, Webster E. Browning 732 – Far Reaching Program on …………….. 841 – – Holy Week in Salvador …………….. 154 – Glimpses of Child Life in, Amy C. Bosan- _ – Home Missions in …………………… 64 _ – Mexican Presbyterians ……………… 63 quet ………………………………….. 817 – – Pan American Conference …………… 220 – Important Facts About ………………… 782 Lausanne, Mission Study at ………………. 577 – Industrial Mission that Evangelizes, GUY Laymen Winning Souls …………………… 61 Laymen's Conference, Southern ………….. 61 C. Converse …………………………… 006 _ Juvenile Court Records ……………. 585, 856 Lepers, Church for American …………….. 573 – General Wood and the …………………. 490 – Kagawa, Christian Labor Leader, H. W. Myers ………………………………… R07 =- Help Each other ………………………. 750 i1:~~~J~p~e:fd. :::::::: ::::: ::::::::::::: ::::: : : – Militarism on Wane ……………………. 313 – Missionary Hunger Areas in, H. Conrad Leprosy in South America, Webster E. Browning ……………………………… 7()4 Ostrom ……………………………….. 795 _ New Bishops of Tokyo and Osaka ……… 660 – World Problem …………………………lOSS – – Business Conditions …………………. 482

VIII

Page Page Lincoln, Living Memorials to, Gladys P. Wil- – Contributions to American Life, Rodney liamson ……………………………….. 219 W. Roundy ……………………………. 453 Literature-Library in a Handkerchief …… 225 – Migrations …………………………….. 573 London, New Bible College ……………….. 409 – Ministers as Students ………………….. 219 Looking. Backward over 1922 ……………… 5 – Youth, Christian Work for, Channing H. Loyalty Illlands, Loyalty in ………………. 157 Lutheran Church, Norwegian …………….. 940 Tobias ………………………………… 200 – Missionary Work, American, George Drach 457 Negroes-Boys and Girls Behind the Color – World Convention ……………………… 872 Lutherans in East Africa ………… ,…….. 71 Line, Robert R. Moton ………………… 917 Lynching, Efforts to Stop ………………… 407 – Leave the South, Why …………………. 940 – Southern Women Fight …………………10W New Zealand, Bible in ……………………. 949 Mackay, At the Grave of Alexander ………. 675 Nicaragnan Preacher, A ………………….. 221 Madras, Union Christian College ………… 1017 Nigeria-Christians and Polygamy ………. 476 Malaysia-Batak Mission …………………. 400 – Christians in ………………………….. 656 Men as Intercessors, John R. Mott ……….. 54 – New Work in '" ……………………….. 579 – Mission Study for ……………………… 52 – Persecutor Baptized ……………………. 150 Mesopotamia, Advance Step in ……………. 149 – Social Life in ………………………….. 655 – Importance of …………………………. 581 Nuranie Pulls Her Blinds Up, Amy Wilson – Missions in 'Iraq ………………………. 323 – New Work in ………………………….1034 Carmichael ……………………………. 695 – Value of ……………………………….. 478 Old World Graves and New World Chris- Methodist Budget for Year ……………….. 4{)6 . -'- Temple, Chicago's ……………………… 573 tians, Mills J. Taylor …………………. 45 – W·ork in Siberia ……………………….. 153 Opium be Legalized? Shan ………………. 480 .Methodlsts and K. of C. . …………………. 94, – in China, Return of …………………… 143 Mexican Border, On the ………………….1027 – Officially Protected …………………….. 481 – Children in the Southwest, Vernon M. – Question, The …………………………… 586 Orient, Women's Colleges In the ………….. 251 McCombs … . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. 529 Orientals …………………………………. 931 – Presbyterians ………………………….. 63 – in California …………………………… 407 Mexicans, Getting God Counted Among the, Palestine, Difficulties in ………………….. 657 – English Jews in ……………………….. 862 Robert N. McLean ……………………. 359 – Government, The ………………………. 411 – In Los Angeles ………………………… 664 – Harnessing the Jordan ………………… 579 Mexico-Chiapas, A Ripe Field In, Paul – New Courts in ………………………….. 657 – Non-Cooperation in ……………………. 579 Burgess ……….. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. 204 Panama, Christian Strategy in …………… 486 – Cost of Discipleship in, W. Reginald Papua, Conflicting Forces in, Charles W.

Wheeler ………………………………. 179 Abel ………………………………….. 377 – Education for ………………………….. 575 Papuans In New Guinea, Transforming, – New Life in ……………………………. 153 – Presbyterians In ……………………….. 408 Charles W. Abel ………………………. 187 – Union Evangelical Training …………… 154 Paraguay, Turmoil in ……………………. 868 Migrant Work ……………………………. 307 Paris Mission Society, Centenary of the ….. 65 – Workers, Neglected Chifdren of, Sara A. Persia-Factory for Men …………………. 149 – Opening in Shiraz ……………………… 478 Brown ………………………………… 515 – Refugees Return to Urumla …………… 228 Migrants, Service to ……………………… 212 – Return of Urumia Refugees …… _……… 69 Mission to the Aristocracy of India, Rebecca – Twenty-five Years Ago and Now, Robert J. Parker ……………………………… 109 E. Speer ………………………………. 33 Missionaries? Whence Come New ……….. 683 Missionary Books Read, How to Get, Mrs. T. Persian Governor's Tribute ……………….. 412 Personals, Missionary ……………………. . D. Gordon …………………………….. 645 – Council at Oxford, International, Mrs. H. . .. … . , .3, 239, 331, 494, 590, 595, 675, 771, 882, 956 Pern and the Vatican …………………….. 319 W. Peabody …………………………… 837 – Christian Work In …………………….. 937 – Education Movement Travel Department . 414 – ReUgious Liberty in ……………………1028 – Methods for Men, Mrs. E. C. Cronk ……. 51 Phinney, F. D., C. Starr Barker ………….. 293 Missionary's Equipment, A (Poem), J. Hud- Phonetic Script, Use of …………………… 143 Pocket Testament League. The ……………. 42fi son Taylor ……………………………. 217 Poland, Methodist Schools in …………….1001 Mohammedanism-Secret Ex-Moslem Believ- Praver in a Mine …………………………. 573 – Week of ………………………………..1004 ers ……………………………………. 579 Presbyterian Alliance In ZUrich ………….. 942 Moody Institute, Life Dedication at ………. 317 – – Meeting ………………………………1038 Moravian Missions Conference ……………. 89 – Board Reorganized …………………….. 484 Moravians in Labrador …………………… 318 – Budget Readjustment ………………….. 219 Mormon Invasion of the East …………….. 939 Prisons, Bible in Italian …………………. 6~ – Statistics, Some ………………………… 486 Prohibition for Bhopal, India …………….. 399 Mormonism Outside of Utah ……………… 414 – Women and ……………………………. 474 – Report …………………………………. 650 Protestant Bureau, Central ……………….. 409 Moslem Attitudes, Two ……………………. 228 Protestantism's Sore PUght ……………… 488 – Gradultte, First ………………………… 477 Hamabai's Successor ……………………… 754 – Hatred of Christians …………………… 863 Rangoon Press and Its Superintendent, The, – Propaganda in Berlin …………………. 577 – Women Drop Veil. More ……………….. fl~7 C. Starr Barker ………………. '" ……. 293 – World, Situation in the, S. M. Zwemer … 267 Religions of the World …………………… 324 Moslems and Anti-Christ ………………….. 70 Religious Progress in America …………… 335 – and Anti-Christ, The, Arthur T. Upson … 131 Rescne Work-Helping Girl Mothers ……… 4{)6 – Invade New York ……………………… 316 Revival in MissiSSippi, A ………………… 485 – Literature for …………………………. 411 Rhenish Mission, Difficulties of the ………. 65 – Tracts for ……………………………… 475 Rhodesia, Embarassment of Success in ……1002 Mothers' Day f'ubject, A …………………. 372 Roman CathoUcs in Italy and Ohio ……….1030 Mottoes for Missionary Meetings …………. 358 Rome, Bibles Burned in ………………….. 867 Near East-Airpl"nes Replace Camels ……. 945 Rumania, Bigotry in …………………….. 153 – – America and th" ……………………. 61 Rnral Community Team Work, Coe Hayne .. 544 – – "Being Punished" …………………… 477 Russia and Religion, Soviet ………………. 886 – – Disturbing Outlook ………………….. 296 – and the Y. M. C. A…………………….. 224 – – Future of the Patriarchate ………….. 863 – Rolshevists Anti-Christian …………….. 759 – – Opportunitv to Tra;'l Leaders ………. 755 – Boy Scouts in …………………………. %5 – – Pan-Orthodox Synod ………………… 7~ – ERt.honia, Baptists in ………………….. 654 – – Prntecting- the Investment …………… 7~ – Illiteracy in …………………………… 942 – Mpssenger to ………………………….. 67 – – Relief, Union In ……………………..1033 – – Statistics ……………………………. 68 – "Presbyter;anski" Church …………….. m – – What a Secretary Saw in the, C. V. – Religious Situation in, L. O. Hartman .. , 611 Vickrev ……………………………….. 218 – Twofold Famine in ……………………. 252 Negro and the Nation, The (Report) …….. 853 Russian Refugees, Work for ……………… 489 Page Page – Sacrilege .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 224 Temperance-Anti-Prohibition Forces ……. 217 Russia's Religious Chaos …………………. 421 – Work in France ……………………….. 488 Salvador, Holy Week in ………………….. 154 Thoburn, Bishop Harry Farmer ………….. 263 Salvation Army in India …………………. 310 Tibet-Challenge ………………………….. 402 Santo Domingo, Missions in ………………. 574 – Sundar Singh in ……………………… 659 ~ – Progress in ………………………. 221, 665 Tibetans, Missions to ……………………..1()37 – – Union Work in ……………………… 937 Today (Poem) ……………………………. 652 School for Practical Arts ………………..1()25 Tokyo Derelicts, Work for ……………….. 661 Schools, Non-Christians in Missionary …… 679 Turkey-Aintab News ……………………. 227 – of Missions ……………………………. 141 – American Interests in …………………. 148 Schnltz, Dan, Coe Hayne ………………… 712 – and the Missionaries …………………… 170 Scotch Missionary Campaign ……………… 32() – Christian Schools in …………………… 322 – – Conference ………………………….. 64 – Church and State in …………………… 1033 Scouting and Camp Fire Work, Ray O. Wy- – Foreign Advisers for ………………….. 657 – Going Forward in …………………….. 969 land ………………………………….. 536 – Kemal and Mohammed …………………. 323 Siam-Buddhist Inquirer …………………. 753 – Missionary Situation in, Ernest W. Riggs 18), – Chiengmai Press ………………………. 230 – Republic of …………………………… lool! – Last Stand of Buddhism, .John Nelson – Under the New Treaty, Mission in …….. 777 Turkish Diplomacy and Christianity …….. 247 Mills ………………………………….. RSo Turks Oust the Sultan ……………………. 67 – Recent Progress in, R. O. Franklin …… 979 – Think of the Y. M. C. A., What ……….. 185 Siamese Christian Boys …………………..1035 Union Among Filipinos, Church ………….. 405 Siberia, Methodist Work in ………………. 163 – Episcopalians Form ……………………. 317 Singapore-Value of Faith ……………….. 946 – in Cleveland, Church ………………….. 572 Slavic Peoples, Conference on ……………. 63 – – England, Methodist …………………. 409 – Population, Our ……………………….. 406 – Progresses, Methodist ………………….. 869 Social Service, Missionary ……………….. 315 – Work in Santo Domingo ……………….. 937 South America, Progress in ……………….1028 Unity, Progress Toward ………………….. 235 Soviet, Methodists and the ……………….. 321 Utah, Christian Strategy in ………………. 318 Spain, Federation in ……………………… 758 Vacation Bible Schools …………………… 155 – Outlook in …………………………….. 489 – School Work …………………………… 919 – Religious Tolerance in ………………… 8 Venezuela, Enemies Reconciled in ……….1928 – ReligioUS Work in …………………….. 410 Waldensian Work in Rome ……………….. 322 Spanish-Speaking People in the U. S…….. 211 Waldensians in Sicily …………………….. 224 – – Work in Southwest …………………. 62 Who is to Blame?, .J. Lovell Murray…….. 9 Sparks from the Home Missions Anvil, B. C. W,hy Burns Gave Up Business, Coe Hayne .. fi44 Winning an Army for Christ. Hwang Cn'jng 627 Hening ……………………………….. 634 Woman Who Went Eight Times Over, The ..1010 Statistics for 1922, Denominational ……….. 336 – Movement in .Japan, The ………………. 145 Story Telling, Missionary Possibilities of, Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin, Mrs. H.

Mrs. E. C. Cronk ……………………… 207 W. Peabody. Gertrude Schultz and Sara Student Assembly, International ………….. 760 Polhemus …………………. _….. , ….. .. – Conference, Canadian ………………….. 317 58, 137, 214, 302:, 395, 472, 569, 646, 741, 934, 1017 – Federation .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. … 577 Woman's Home Mission BuHet.,n, Florence K – Fellowship for Christian Life Service …. 747 Quinlan ……………………………… . – Ministry, A Great ……………………… 222 55, 139, 211, 3oo, 392, 469, 566, 650,745, 851, 931, 1021 – Volunteer Convention, Coming ………… 965 Woman's National Enforcement Committee..1019 – Volunteers, British … : …………………. 101 Women of the Sudan, (a) Mrs. D. S. Oyler .. 999 – – Chinese ……………………………… 73 – United Presbyterian …………………… 663 – Work ………………………………….. 306 Women's Work in the Metropolis, Edith H. Students and Christianity, Chinese ………. 245 White …………………………………. 637 – Summer Service by Christian ………….. 333 World Conditions-Who is to Blame?, .J. Study of Souls in Central Africa, A, W. C. Lovell Murray ………………………… 9 – Congress, Baptist ………………………. 414 Willoughby …………………………… 13 – New Year Around the …………………. 5 Sudan-New Words Needed ……………….. 150 Y. M. C. A. and the Churches …………….. 341 – Women of the, Mrs. D. S. Oyler ……… 999 – in Cairo ……………………………….. 225 Suicide, To Prevent ………………………. 485 – Revival ………………………………… 217 Sundar Singh in Tibet ……………………. 659 – Russia and the ………………………… 224 Sunday-school Headquarters in .Japan …… 749 Yaiima, Madame Kaji, Mrs. Henry Topping. 812 – – Progress, Recent, W. C. Pearce …….1004 Young Men Need, Three Things, Henry – – – in South America ………………..1028 Denlng ……………………………….. 552 – World Wide …………………………… 507 Young People-.Junior Laymen ……………. 938 Sunday-schools, Communist ………………. 409 Young, Results of Religious Work for the, – – Lloyd George on ….. .. …………….. 516 Herbert W. Gates …………………….. 553 Sweden, Religious Progress in ……………1()30 Youth and Some of Its Perils, Owen R. Love· Switzerland-Reformed and Presbyterian joy ……………………………………. 509 – (;"mpaign for American ……………….. 508 Conference ……………………………. 577 – Movements in Europe and America ……. 503 Syria, Bigotry Breaking Down ……………. 580 – Encouraged, Workers in ……………….. 766 – Good News from ………………………. 227 – Greek Refugees in …………………….. 41~ – Palace for an Orphanage ………………. 477 NEW BOOKS Page Pae:e Abel of Kwato, A. Gratten Hall ………….. 763 British North Borneo, Owen Rutter ………. 877 Adventuring with Sister Abigail, Grace K. Brnthering the Boy. W. ,Edward Rafferty … 587 Buddhism and Buddhists In Southern Asia; Swanger ………………………………. 78 African Adventurers, .Jean Kenyon Mackenzie ~2n K . .J. Saunders ……………………….1042 Alexander Duff, William Paton …………..1041 Bushido: The SoUl of .Japa"}, Jnazo Nitobe .. 874 All in a Lifetime, Henry Morganthau ……. 764 Cannibal Land, Martin .Johnson ……….. '… 493 Annual Meeting of Home Missions Council, 951 Child Garden In India. Amelia .Josephine Apostolic Age, The, William Bancroft Hill .. 766 Asa-Ko Hirooka. An Autobiography …….. 874 Burr and Louise Clark ……………….. 588 At the Master's Feet, Sadhu Sundar Sine:h .. 325 China in the Family of Nations, Henry T. Atlas of the World and Gazetteer for 1923 .. 879 Back to the Long Grass, Dan Crawford ….. 491 Hodgkin ………………………………. lOO9 Beasts, Men and Gods, Ferdinand Ossen- China's Crossroads, Elliott L. Osgood …….. 492 China's Place in the Sun. Stanley High ….. 765 dowski ………………………………… 493 Christian Crusade for a Warless World, The, Between the Lines in Asia Minor, Mary Caro- Sidney L. Gulick ……………………… 767 line Holmes ………………………….. 879 Christian Endeavor Missionary Programs, .Julia Lake Skinner …………………… 671 Page Page Christian Literature In Moslem Lands …. 1043 Missionary Program Material for Primary Christian Movement In Japan, The ………. 764 Christianity and Civilization in the South and Junior Grades, Anita B. Ferris …… 879 Mlssionary Stories for Little Folks, Margaret PaCific, W. Allen young ………………. 80 T. Applegarth ………………………… 588 Christianity and the Race Problem, Robert Mustard Seed in Japan, The, Wm. M. Vories 238 E. Smith ……………………………… 237 Negro Year Book, 1921-1922, Edited by Mon- Church in America, The, William Adams roe N. Work ………………………….. 880 Brown ………………………………… 415 New Missionary Series, The (Ten Volumes) 879 New Tasks for Old Churches, Roger W. Bab- Colloquial Chinese, A. N. J. Whymant …… 79 Confronting Young Men with the LIving son …………………………………… 238 New Zambasi Trail, The, C. W. Macintosh.. 76 Christ, John R. Mott …………………. 95~ Next Door Neighbors, Margaret T. Apple- Congo Missionary Conference Report …….1042l Constantinople Today, The Pathfinder Survey 236 garth …………………………………. 588 Contacts with Non-Christian Cultures, Daniel On the Trail of the Peacemakers, Fred B.

Johnson Fleming ……………………… 876 Smith ………………………. ………… 79 Creative Forces In Japan, Galen M. Fisher .. 874 Pandita Ramabal, Clementina Butler …….. 763 Czecho-Slovaks in America, Kenneth D. Mil- Parent and the Child, The, Henry F. Cope .. 587 Parenthood and Child Nature, Edna Dean ler ……….. …………….. …………… 78 Demonlsm Verified and Analyzed, Hugh W. Baker …………………………………. 587 Persian Sketches, J. H. Linton …………… 953 White …………………………………. 160 Pioneer Doctor and Other Stories from Doc- Dramatized MIssionary Stories, Mary M. tors, Nurses and Others in India, China Russell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 671 and Africa ……………………………. 588 Education in Africa (Report) ……………. 415 Poles in America, The, Paul Fox …………. 78 Evolution of the Japanese, Sidney L. Gulick 874 Political Development of Japan, George Faith of Japan, The, Tsaku Harada ………. 874 Etsujlro Uyehara ……………………… 874 Firebrand of the Indies, The, E. K. Seth- Political History of Japan Under the Meijl Era, Walter Wallace McLaren ………… 873 Smith ………………………. '" ……… 160 Psychology of Adolescence, The, Frederick Following the Pioneers, Joseph C. Robbins . 953 Tracy …………………………………. 587 From the Forest, Amy Carmichael ……….. 78 Racial Studies-American Series …………. 78 Geschichte der Evangelischen Mission in Real Japanese Question, The, K. K. Kawak- ami …………………………………… 874 Afrika, JuliUS Richter ………………… 669 Religion of the Lower Races, E. W. Smith ..1043 Golden Bough, The, J. G. Frazer …………. 953 Religion of Science, The, William H. Wood . 768 Gospel and the Plow, The, Sam Higginbottom 326 Religion of the Primitives, The, Alex. LeRoy 158 Great First Work of the Church, Missions, Revolt Against Civilization, The, Lothrop Stoddard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . 77 Wilbur B. Stover ……………….. ; …… 7111 Revolt of Youth, The, Stanley High ……… 588 Greatheart of th,e South, The, Gordon Poteat 78 Rock Breakers, P. H. J. Lerrigo …………. 491 Greeks In America, .J. P. Xenides ………… 237 'Round the Round World, Paul Rader ……. 8D Handbook of Modern Japan, Ernest Clement 873 Russian I=igrant, The …………………. 668 Head Hunter arid Other Stories of the Philip- Russians and Ruthenians in America, Jerome Davis …………………………………. 78 pines, Bruce L. Kershner …………….. 79 Scientific Christian Thinking for Young Peo- Henry Loomis, Clara D. Loomis ………….1041 ple, Howard Agnew Johnston ………….. 766 Henry Martyn, Confessor of the Faith …… 875 Short History of Japan, A, E. W. Clement .. 873 Hill Tribes of Fiji, A. B. Brewster ……….. 764 Short History of the Near East, A, William History of Christianity in Japan (2 Vols.), Stearns Davis ………………………… 492 South America From. a Surgeon's Point of Otis Cary ……………………………… 873 View, Franklin H. Martin …………….. 877 History of the Japanese People, F. Brinkley gn Story of Grenfell of the Labrador, The, Dil- History of the Yorubas. Samuel Johnson ….1040 lon Wallace …………………………… 671 India and Its Missions, Capuchin Mission Story of Japan, The, David Murray ……… 873 Studies in the Life and Teaching of Jesus, Unit ………………………………….. 668 John Porteous ………………………… 76& India Inklings, Margaret T. Applegarth ….. 80 Sunrise in Aztec Land, Wm. A. Ross …….. 667 India Old and New, Sir Valentine Chirol …. 76 Things Japanese, B. H. Chamherlain …….. 874 India's Religion, Julius Richter …………1039 Thousand Miles from a Post Office, J. Loft- Ins and Outs of Mesopotamia, The, Thomas house …………………………………. 765 Training of Children in the Christian Home, Lyell …………………………………. 667 Luther Allen Weigle ………………….. 587 Intensive Powers on the Western Slopes, L. Triumph of the Gospel in the New Hebrides, Frank L. Paton ……………………….. 669 C. Barnes …………………•…………. 767 Unfinished Tasks, Homer McMlllan ………. 1110 Intercourse Between the United States and Ways of Ah Sin, Charles R. Shepherd …… 951 West African Romance, A, A. E. Southon … 903 Japan, Inazo Nltobe ………………….. 874 What is the Y. M. C. A.?, PaUl Super ……. 954 J. W. Thinks Black, J. S. Stowell ………… 326 What ;s There in Religion?, Henry Sloane James W. Bashford, George Richmond Grose 875 Coffin …………………………………. 766 Japan-An Attempt at Interpretation, La- What Japan Thinks, K. K. Kawakami ……. 874 Williamu-Mariner, Missionary, Ernest H. feadio Hearn …………………………. 873 Hayes ………………………………… 763 Japan In Transition, Loretta L. Shaw ……. 766 Willibrord, Missionary In the Netherlands, Japan, Real and Imaginary, Sidney Greenble 873 Alexander Grieve ……………………… 6£8 Japanese Life in Town and Country, George With P'u and His Brigands, Mrs. Howard Taylor ………………………………… 763 W. Knox ……………………………… 873 Within the Gateways of the Far East, Japanese Nation, The, Inazo Nitobe ……… 874 Charles R. Erdman …………………… 763 Jew and His Mission, Henry Ostrom ……..1039 Woman and the Leaven in Japan, The, Char- Karen People of Burma, The, Harry 1. Mar- lotte B. De Forest …………………….. 875 Women of 1922. The …………………….. , .. 879 shall ………………………………….. 878 Wonderland of India, The, Helen M. Rockey Life Under Two Flags, James Demarest and Harold B. Hunting ……………….. 326 Work and Play in the Grenfell MiSSion, H. Eaton …………………………………. 238 P. and F. E. Greeley …………………. 588 Lure of the Leopard Skin, The, .Josephine H. World's Great Religiolls Poetry, The, Com- piled by Caroline Hill …………………. 763 Westervelt ……………………………. 79 Manual of Archive Administration, A, Hilary Jenkinson .,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 954 Mastery of the Far East, The, Arthur Judson Brown ………………………………. :. 874 Measure of a Mari, The (Life of W. A.

Shedd), Mary L. Shedd ……………….. 159 Message of Buddhism, The, Subhadra Bhlkkhu ………………………………. 236 Midst Volcanic Fires, Maurice Frater …….. 493 Ministry as a Life Work, The, Robert L.

Webb …………………………………. 1111 Missionary Heroes of Africa, The, J. H. Mor- rison ………………………………….. 325 Missionary Messages, James F. Love …….. 416

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1920

XLIII NUMBER

DECEMBER, 1920 GROWTH OF THE MISSIONARY IDEA GEORGE F. HERRICK PROHIBITION PROGRESS IN LATIN AMERICA JUAN O. GONZALEZ FIRST BAPTISM IN KUWEIT, ARABIA E. E. CALVERLY MY BROTHER IN OVERALLS COE HAYNE GOD'S WILL FOR THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER BEST METHODS FOR CHRISTMAS MRS.E.C. CRONK ~2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY :COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK

A World at War!

A World at Peace!

IN BOTH CASES IT NEEDS FOREIGN MISSIONS No other agency so greatly fosters International Good-will and Fellowship The Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions is call- ing for 200 well qualified missionaries this year FIRST. ORDAINED MEN. The War lessened the number of theological students in the United States. We are ready to send every sllitable man. They are the great evangelizers. SECOND. EDUCATORS. Men and Women. For Grammar School. High School and College. We need thoroughly prepared and experienced teachers. THIRD. DOCTORS (both men and women) and Nurses. Our hospitals all over the world are crowded with patients. but inadequately supplied with doctors and nurses. FOURTH. INDUSTRIAL AND AGRICULTURAL WORK- ERS. India. South America. China and other lands are calling for themmen to underbuild a Christian civilization. ALL OF THESE RECRUITS must be MissioTlllrJi first and above all. Thoroughly equipped. Of sound physical health. Able to work well with other people. Approll:imately between 25 and 35 years of age.

Write to the Candidate Department Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions 156 Fifth Avenue, New York .~~ mentiDn Tall 14IUID…….Y ltI",.w Oil 'rail W…..D m wrililic to ad7ertiaen

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CONTENTS FOR DECEMBER, 1920 Page FRONTISPIECE …………………. TntRRA DEI, FUEGO INDIANS OJ! SOU'I'H AMltRICA EI)ITORIAL COMMENT …………..•……………………………….. 1047 W ORI,D SUNDAY SCHOOl, CONVENTION AT RlI,IGlOUS R!tCONSTRUC'I'ION IN EURoPlt TOKYO AFTER THE WAR IN THE FAR EAST THE JAPANESE IN CALIFORNIA THE New ARMIlNIA MISSIONS AND P!tACE IN' JAPAN FACTORS IN ARABIA AND MeSOPOTAMIA PAr.ESTINIl AND THE JEWS THE INTERCHURCH AND THE FUT= A LARGE FACTOR IN SUCCESS …………………. PAUI, HARRISON, M.D. 1059 THE GROWTH OF THE MISSIONARY IDEA .. RJlV. GIlOReE F. HeRRICK, D. D. 1061 LOWLAND INDIANS OF SOUTH AMERICA ………… GIlOReE M. McBRIDE 1064 PROHIBITION PROGRESS IN LATIN AMERICA …… JUAN O. GONZAr.EZ 1069 CONSTANTINOPLE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN ……… EVEI,INE A. THOMPSON 1074 THE FIRST BAPTISM IN KUWEIT, ARABIA ………. REV. E. E. CAI,veRI,Y 1075 MY BROTHER IN OVERALLS ………………………….. REV. Co>: HAYNE 1078 A CONVERTED SYRIAN SMUGGLER ………… Rev. GIlORe>: C. DOOLITTI,>: 1084 LABORS OF WELSH BAPTIST MISSIONARIES …… .. Rev. F. FURNISTON 1085 OPPOSING FORCES IN CHINA ……………… FROM "CHINA'S MII,I,lONS" 1088 GOD'S WILL FOR THE MOSLEM WORLD .. RJlV. SAMUEl, M. ZWEMltR, D. D. 1089 BEST METHODS FOR CHRISTMAS …………………. MRS. E. C. CRONK 1095 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN AN IN'l'ERDENOMINATIONAI, CHRISTMAS EDITED BY MRS. WM. H. FARMIlR 1103 GIFT WOMAN'S MISSIONARY DAY OF PRAYER NEWS FROM MANY LANDS………………………………………… 1107 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ……………………………………….. 1120 INDEX FOR 1920 ……•………………•……………………………… 1121 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1920, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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Copyrighted, 1920 LATEST ISSUES Reminiscences of Dan'iel Bliss Two Gift Books Unusually Good! First President of the Syrian Protestant College, Syria Missionary and Educator Chinese Heart Throbs Edited and Supplemented by His Eldest Son With Introduction by Mary The story of his early days; his term of service, as missionary Stone, (Shih Mei Yu), M. D. of the American Board, in the Lebanon; his more than sixty years of association with the famous Beirut institution, etc. By Jennie V. Hughes Illustrated, net $2.25. Miss Hughes displays a rare in- sight into and sympathy with the The Dawn of a New Era in Syria people of the Land of Sinim. Her work is instinct with the true By Margaret McGilvary missionary spirit rendered emi- nently readable by many touches A deeply interesting account of what happened in Syria dur- of literary grace. ing the past five years. Not a mass of hearsay evidence, but authentic data vouched for by reliable and credible wit- Illustrated, net $1.50. nesses. This book possesses historical, missionary and polit- ical significance of more than ordinary value.

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A Moslem Seeker After God By Samuel M. Zwemer, F. R. G. S.

A volume of intensely interesting data concerning the life, CHINA, the influence and teaching of the great Persian mystic AI- Mysterious and Ghazali, one of the very greatest figures in the Mohammedan world. A notable addition to literature on this subject.

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The Three-Hour Sermon-on God, Marvelous By Victor Murdock Sin and Salvation Editor, Journalist, Congress- Introduction by Robert E. Speer man, Chairman Federal By Rev. Paul Kanamori Trade Commission Here is a sermon which has been preached over eight hun- . Dr. A. W. Halsey, Secretary Presbyterian Board of Foreign dred times in Japan, and secured nearly 50,000 conversions. Missions, says: Robert E. Speer says: "Many have wished to know how an "Filled with factful sugges- tions regarding China. The able Japanese, with such an experience as Mr. Kanamori, author has little use for one VI<ho fails to see good in the missioncould put the Christian Message. I trust it may have a wide ary. He has an eye always circulation." Net $1.25. . open for the graphic and pic- torial. Present dry conditions- Sadhu Sundar Singh economic, social, political-are presented as though from an (Called of. God) By Mrs. Arthur Parker intellectual kodak. A book for Americsns to read." London Missionary Society, Trivandram, India Illustrated, net $2.50 "His story, ably told by Mrs. Arthur Parker, reads like a book of Apostolic adventure. Paul's perils of waters and of robbers were Sundar Singh's also. Rejected by his family he has become India's foremost evangelist."-S. S. Times.

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A prayer a day for· three WHAT WILL IT MEAN!

months, a prayer in harmony January first will no doubt usher with the Bible reading for thnt in thousamis-millions-of new resoday. Not more than Ii Ie lutions. Resolutions aimed at lmsiminutes is needed. The choice ness prosperity, better health, public of topics is a happy one and service, self-improvement, higher ideals-a thousand and one things. the prayers are of a high How many of those new resolutions order. Each page of EVERY will mean a determination to really MORNIN G is printed in large help forward the Kingdom of God size, easily read type. Cloth, to do something definite of service $l.50. to our fellow men. It is indeed a commendable thing to approve of missions; it is a Christian thing to believe in missions; Day by Day With it is a Christian duty to give to mis- . sions. But it is nobler still to work the Master for the promotion of the missionary cause-to be a. real factor in the program of the Kingdom. Will your by Robert Cluett New Year's resolution this year in- clude the purpose to take a real part In this new book Mr. Cluett in the campaign of God for the salhas in mind the many earnest vation of mankind? boys and girls eager to form helpful habits of daily Bible All can not take up missionary work in the foreign field, but each one can be a vital force at home–:t reading and prayer. Read- vital force to promote missionary ings and prayers for three interest among friends and acquaintmonths-a topic for each day, ances. One practical and simple way relating to important inci- in which you can do this is to sect:re dents in the life of Christ: a one or more additional SUbscriptions few words of comment: a brief for the REVIEW.

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TYPICAL TIERRA DEL FUEGO INDIANS OF SOUTH

MISSIONARY

EVIEW, VOL. DECEMBER, 1920 NUMBER XLIII TWELVE PALESTINE AND THE JEWS E VEN with a British mandate over Palestine and a Jewish Governor, the Hebrews are not finding their lot an easy OIl(l in their ancestral land. A new· era has undoubtedly been inaugurated, and thousands of Jews are returning to Palestine, butthey are not welcomed by their Moslem and Christi.an neighbors.· .

Last July, Sir Herbert Samuel, the British High Commissioner, called a large assembly of the people on the Mount of Olives to hear the King's message outlining the policy for the government of Palestine. It was a gala assembly. The hall was crowded with an impressive display provided by the picturesque costumes of the Allied Consuls, military officers, ecclesiastical dignitaries, Grand Rabbis (including the Grand Rabbi ·of Egypt, clothed in scarlet, purple and blue), Patriarchs, the Grand Mufti, white-turbaned Mullahs, the directors and representatives of the Jewish colonies and Jerusalem society, turbaned village peasants and sheikhs, effendis and members of the native aristocracy, Bedouin sheikhs, in flowing robes of purple with silver headgear, from the Arab camps at Beersheba, where Abraham pitched his tent; with a sprinkling of khaki and red tabs, and finally a few ladies belonging to Jerusalem's influential circles. The High Commissioner, in a white diplomatic uniform with purple sash, read the King's Message to the people of Palestine, assuring them of the "absolute impartiality with which the duties of the Mandatory Power will be carried out, and of the determination of the Government to respect the rights of every race and every creed. "The Message assured the people that the Allied Powers "have decided that :measures shall be adopted to secure the gradual establishment in Palestine of a National Home for the Jewish people."

Sir Herbert Samuel delivered an address in English, which was translated into Arabic and Hebrew. In this address, which was delivered both in Jerusalem and at Haifa, he said: 1047

.. Ln whatever part of the world British rule prevails there is complete freedom and eljuality for all religions; there is equal Justice for every person in the land.

regardless of his station, race and creed; order is maintained with a firm hanel, corruption is suppressed, taxation is made equitable for the people, the eco- nomic development of the country is pro- moted and the prosperity of the inhabi- tants increased. Great Britain asks for no pri,ileges for herself-no tribute is drawn to swell her own revenues, and the taxes paid by the people are spent for the benefit of the people. These are sound principles of government; these are the foundations of the greatness of the British Empire.

Palestine will constitute a separate ad- ministration in direct communication with His Majesty's Ministers in London.

lI!hen the Mandate has passed through its final stages the Civil Service of the country will be established on a perma- SIR HERBERT SAMUEL nent footing, with security of employ- The Hebrew High Commissioner of Palestine ment, subject to efficiency and good be- haviour, and pension rights for certain classes of its officers. I am about to nominate an Advisory Council, small in number, consisting mainly of officials of the Government, but containing also ten unofficial members, chosen from various sections of the people. The Council will meet at frequent intervals, and drafts of ordinances dealing with matters of importance, and the annual financial Ludget, will be submitted to the Council for advice.

"In the draft of the Turkish Peace Treaty an article has been inserted providing for the appointment of a Special Commission by the British Government to study and regulate all questions and claims relating to the different religious communities in Palestine. In the composition of this Commis- sion the religious interests concerned will be taken into account. * * * Mean- while all the questions with which the Commission will be called on to deal.

including any relating to the Holy Places, will be held in suspense.

"I propose to appoint a Land Commission, consisting of a British official and two other members, in which Jews, Mohammedans and Christians may have full confidence, and whose function will be to ascertain what lands are available for closer settlement, to promote the development of the conntry, and insure that no injustice is suffered by existing cultivators, graziers, Or owners. The early establishment of banks to grant long term credits to agriculturists and urban businesses will be promoted. The railways will be taken over very shortly by the civil administration. There is under consideration a large programme of public works, including the construction and improvement of roads, the development of telegraphic and telephonic communication, the pro- . vision of electric power throughout the country, the construction of a harbor at Haifa, the drainage of swamps, and afforestation on suitable lands. The Department of Public Health will labor for the improvement of the health of the population, and particularly for the extirpation of malaria. As the

EDITORIAL COMMENT

revenues of the country expand with increasing prosperity the Department of Education will be able to accomplish more and more for the education of the people-the first condition in every country of a high standard of civilization. Historic buildings, which help to render Jerusalem an object of pro- found interest to visitors from all over the world, will be reverently preserved, and measures will be taken to improve the aspect of the ancient city. Archaeological research will be promoted, and steps will be taken to secure the proper planning of the new quarters, which may be expected to arise in many towns in Palestine, and every effort will be made to encourage pilgrims and travelers to the Holy Land. The ports and frontiers will be opened to limited immigration, and its numbers will be proportioned to the employment and housing accommodation available in the country.

"I pray that the blessing of Almighty God, before whom Mohammedan, Christian, and Jew bow with equal reverence, may rest upon this .assembly and upon all the people of this land."

At a Zionist Oonference in London, July 7th to 22nd, attended by about three hundred delegates and presided over by Justice Brandeis, a fund of £25,000,000 was agreed upon to forward colonization and education of Jews in Palestine. Steps were also taken to convene a World Jewish Conference, which shall be the authoritar tive body to speak and act on behalf of Jewish people in all national affairs. Mr. Balfour, who spoke at a great Albert Hall demonstrar tion, declared it to be the purpose of the British Government to cooperate with the Jews in a way that will make Palestine "in the fullest measure and degree of success, a home for the Jewish people." Here is another step in the fulfilment of Prophecy.

THE NEW OUTLOOK IN EGYPT T HE new Anglo-Egyptian Agreement means that tL unique experiment is to be made in the Near East. Egypt is to be the first of the Arabic-speaking Moslem countries touching the Mediterranean to make the venture in self-government along modern lines. What an opportunity and responsibility this givee to the American and British missionaries to help in building up tL strong well-governed nation which shall be an example to all the other people of the Near East.

This Anglo-Egyptian Agreement has as yet appeared only in draft form but it is an official announcement which embodiee two proposals: 1. Great Britain will a.ssume responsibility for foreign relations and for the maintenance of the" capitulation rights" of foreigners.

2. In home rule, Egypt will have an independent, monarchical, constitutional government.

This is the first time that an Arabic-speaking Moslem country ha.s set out upon the pathway of self~determination along the lines of modern constitutional government. Turkey attempted something of the sort under the young Turks and Persia established a constitu-

tional ~overnment but these are not Arabic-speaking countries. Syria is watching Egypt and wishing for a similar opportunity. Ara.bia looks on with interest, but little approving these ideas of a modern State. Palestine is sure to be deeply affected as are other Mohammedan lands, such as Algeria and Tunisia, which for long years have touched the life of Europe, but have never yet received a chance for self-determination.

A number of steps still remain to be taken before the British proposals become effective. Egypt must draft the Constitution and laws which are to govern her new political life and Great Britain must secure the assent of the Capitulatory Powers to the proposed arrangements. But the future has been marked out and the Egyptian nation may busy itself at once with the great issues of the new political venture. Decades are required to test out the practicability of the plan.

The Nationalistic Movement in Egypt is clearly described by Sir Valentine Chiral in his recent book "The Egyptian Problem." The modern Egyptian Nationalist traces his idealism back to the first of the Khedives, Mohammed Ali; overlooking the fact that the latter was not an Egyptian at all. The ordinary student of Egypt, however, credits the great War with a general awakening of the Near East and with the impartation to Egypt of that national se1£- consciousness which has raised the cry of independence. At any rate, it was at the close of the war that thc cry became insistent and November thirteen, 1918, (just two days after the Armistice) is reckoned the formal birthday of Nationalism. On that day, Saad Pasha Zaghlul and some of his friends called upon Sir Reginald Wingate, the British High Commissioner and made a formal demand, as in behalf of the Egyptian people, for the abolition of the Protectorate and the recognition of the complete independence of Egypt. Then followed the ceaseless agitation on the subject of independence, the Memorandum sent to all the Plenipotentiaries of the Peace Conference, the effort to send a Commission to Paris, the arrest and the exile to Malta of Zaghlul Pasha and his party, the riots throughout Egypt, the suppression or the rebellion by the military, the liberation of the prisoners, the long campaign by means of strikes of Government officials, the appointment of the Milner Commission, the long refusal of the Nationalists to countenance any negotiations and the final agrerments rea.ched by conferences between the Milner Commission and the Zaghlul Delegation at London. Nationalism has won, but the victory has ushered in the more difficult task .of establishing and conducting a stable, independent government in a land that has hitherto had, little experience in selfgovernment..

. The new political era upon which Egypt is entering will tax to the utmost all the resources of the country which make for

EDITORIAL COMMENT

stability and morality. The Christian forces at work have an unusual and inspiring opportunity to help in this work of nation-building.

The whole administration and projection of education in the Nile Valley now comes under Egyptian control. Are foolish schemes to be launched perverting the intellectual life of Egypt with a superficial vVestern education, or will Government education advance along lines that impart genuinely useful knowledge, sound mental discipline and high moral ideals 1 This is a time of times when wise, sympathetic, tactful, self-effacing counselors are needed. Such are the American alid British educational leaders, whose ideals are universally recognized. This is a unique opportunity for the School of Education of the American University at Cairo, if only it can be strengthened at once· by substantial reinforcements so that it may give direction in these plastic days to the constitutional formulas which Egypt will adopt. In the early days of Japanese Nationalism, God had placed in the ranks of the Christian missionary body in Japan Professor Verbeck whose contributions to Japanese political self-determination are recognized today. American missionary educators may do a similar work for the young Egyptian nation. There is a great opportunity for building up, in Egypt, high ideals of citizenship, of public morality and of disinterested public service. These ideals must be practical and above all they must be Christian.

Compare Egypt today with Egypt as it was when the British Occupation began, and we find that Lord Gromer's administration yields wonderful results in financial rehabilitation. But the more startling figures are those that compare Egypt before and after the war. During the war, Egypt's great asset of wealth, her agricultural productivity, was never reduced but the national was greatly increased.

"One of the most noticeable facts," says Dr. Charles R. Watson in reporting on his recent visit to Egypt, "is the increasing emancipation of women in Egypt from the laws of seclusion and self-effacement which have governed them in Arab and Moslem society in the past. Formerly, to be unveiled was a sign of immorality as well as of immodesty. Only by adopting Western dress could the implications of an unveiled face be avoided. But now, the streets of Cairo are dotted with figures that have cast away the veil or reduced it to the barest formality. Egyptian women can now be seen walking alongside of their husbands instead of following ten paces behind them. The recent Nationalistic demonstrations helped to bring into sharp relief the increased liberty which Egyptian society is ready to allow to women, for at that time they marched in public processions, some on foot and some in carriages. They carried flags and national banners and even addressed public audiences. They served as

pickets in the days when Government officials were striking." This is one ·of the signs of the emergence of a new Egypt. The great question is-shall it be a nation dominated by rationalism and materialism or by Christian truth and ideals ~ RELIGIOUS RECONSTRUCTION IN EUROPE D R. JOHN R. Mott, who has been making almost annual visits to Europe in the past twenty-five years, has recently returned from a four months' tour spent in Conferences and investigation. At the Missionary Conference in Switzerland last August a new International Missionary Committee was created to suggest policies for the work of the various Boards in the mission fields. The first meeting of this Committee will be in America next year.

Dr. Mott reports that the rehabilitation .of the nations is gradually being brought about. Next to Great Britain, Belgium is recovering most rapidly; then come Czecho-Slovakia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Austria and finally Russia. The last two countries are in an almost hopeless condition. Irritation, suspicion and lack of harmony is still evident between the European governments and among the peoples as well. There is also a spirit of suspicion toward the United States because of the unwillingness of the government to sign the peace treaty, to join the League of Nations or to accept any mandate. There is dissatisfaction and misunderstanding, combined with impatience and caustic criticism. There is, however, great appreciation for the wonderful ministry of healing and unselfish philanthropy carried on by the American Red CrDss and .other agencies. It is the Christian wDrkers from America that must help tD heal the .open SDre .of EurDpe. The Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. O. A. are dDing a great work in the Polish Army, and in .other lands. New DPPDrtunities are .opening in the Balkan States and RDbert P. Wilder has been asked tD gD .over there early next year tD CDnduct cDnferences and evangelistic meetings aInDng the students in thDse cDuntries.

Spiritual and sDcial reconstructive work is also being carried .on effectively in EurDpe by variDus American denDminatiDnal agencies, including the United Lutherans, the NDrthern and SDuthern Methodists, the Presbyterians, Baptists, EpiscDpalians and Friends. Orphanages have been established and churches are strengthened. The American kindergartners are dDing a remarkable wDrk fDr the children of Europe under the leadership of Miss Fanniebelle Ourtis, fDrmerly superintendent .of kindergartens in Greater New YDrk. The McAll MissiDn in France is a pDwerful agency, the funds for which CDme largely from America; and the Gospel Mission in Belgium, under Mr. and Mrs. Ralph NortDn, is cDnducting a work that ShDWS spiritual power and practical results.

There is still great suffering in Europe, but it is a suffering the

EDITORIAL COMMENT

underlying cause of which is spiritual famine. If Russia, Germany, Austria, the Balkan States, Italy, France and the other countries l;ould experience a real spiritual revival it would mean a new morale, a restoration of confidence and harmony, stimulation of honest industry, an awakening of the public conscience and a new relationship toward God that would make Europe a new continent. But, as has often been said and needs to be said again, this can only come through a right relation of the people of Europe to Jesus Christ, the Son of God. American Christians have a heavy responsibility and a rich privilege in interpreting Christianity to the suffering multitudes of Europe.

THE TOKYO CONVENTION T HE Eighth World Sunday School Convention, which opened on October 5 and closed October 14, was not seriously handi- capped by the fire that destroyed the $90,000 Convention Hall. Although 500 people were rehearsing in the chorus, preliminary to the opening of the Convention, no one was seriously injured. A great cause for thanksgiving is that if the fire had occurred four hours later, when the building was crowded with 3000 or more visitors, a great loss of life would have been unavoidable. The opening of the Imperial Theater for the meetings, with its seating capacity of 2300 people, made a marked impression o;n the Japanese. The bad ventilation was, however, a serious handicap.

Over eighteen hundred delegates attended the Tokyo convention, coming from seventeen countries in five continents. Many prominent Japanese showed interest in this large Christian gathering. Premier Hara offered the Imperial Diet Halls for the use of the Convention. The Emperor of Japan, Viscount Shibusawa, Baron Sakatani, Baron Okura and others showed the delegates many courtesies, and a member of parliament, Hon. S. Ebara, was chairman of the National Sunday School Association of Japan.

The Convention delegates included many distinguished missionaries, ministers, educators,' business men and leaderf! in the field of religious education from all parts of the world. The presiding officer was Justice J . •T. Maclaren of Canada, who was presented by Prince Tokugawa with a gavel made of oak.

The program was built around the general theme-" The Sunday School and World Progress" and a daily theme expressed the special emphasis of each day. Under the direction of Prof. and Mrs. H. Augustine Smith, assisted by Japanese leaders, a program of pageantry, music and art was provided which was closely related to the theme. The program included four great pageants, stereopticon lectures, instruction in Sunday-school music, as well as inspirational song services. One of the most helpful features was the large exhibit.

Two complimentary excursions with chartered trains were given all delegates to Kamakura, the ancient capital of Japan, and to Yokohama, one of her great seaport cities, where the visitors were entertained by the Governors, Mayors and the leading citizens of these great municipalities. On the last night the Emperor sent a message by a personal representative expressing the interest of the Imperial Household in the success of the Convention. This is without precedent in the history of Japan. At a reception given by the city of Tokyo at Hibiya Park the Mayor of Tokyo, Viscount Tajiri, said: lIWe appreciate your coming to Tokyo, for you come here for the sake of Christianity and humanity. In the name of Christ and in the spirit of Christianity we are brothers, we are sisters."

The resolutions adopted by the Convention spoke in behalf of more than thirty million officers, teachers and scholars in thirty countries of the world. These resolutions affirmed the principles of world brotherhood, with special reference to, international relationships, and recorded the conviction that "brotherhood must be vitalised so as to have a direct relation to the Kingdom of God. A passion for righteousness is the moral minimum with which international relations can be safeguarded. W orId brotherhood requires an international consciousness. This can only be acquired through the unlimited expansion of our own personality. The spacious world mind can come only through fellowship with Him who is at once Son of God and Son of Man."

On Sunday afternoon the delegates and Sunday-schools of Tokyo held a rally at Hibiya Park when 20,000 people assembled to hear the Sunday-school addresses. It was an inspiring sight to witness a sea of pennants,· carried by all waving in the air and to hear the great multitude of Sunday-school children sing the songs of the Kingdom that gave evidence that the childhood of Japan was fast catching the Sunday-school spirit. The Exhibit attracted 40,000 people, and the 51 extension meetings throughout Tokyo were attended by 33,000. After the convention fifty cities over Japan were visited, and meetings were addressed by delegates from abroad.

One of the great climaxes of the gathering was the Investment Service when $40,000 per year for four years was contributed by the delegates to world work. The officers elected for the next quadrenium are as follows: President-Hon. John Wanamaker, Philadelphia; Treasurer-Mr. Paul Sturdevant, New York. The Executive was organized by the election of James W. Kinnear, Pittsburgh, Chairman and Mr. Arthur M. Harris, New York, Vice Chairman. Frank L. Brown, LL. D., was reelected General Secretary. The next World Sunday-school convention will meet in Buenos Aires, Argen- tine, in 1924. While there were many helpful features of the convention and some inspiring addresses, the effort to show appreciation of Japanese

EDITORIAL COMMENT

hospitality and to win the cooperation of pr,ominent non-Christian Japanese; tended to weaken the Christian testimony of the convention.

A correspondent who attended the meetings, and was able to note the effect on missionaries, foreign delegates, speakers and Japanese Christians writes that the delegates were neady feted to death by the government officials. There was unfortunately too much compromise with "heathenism" in the desire to be friendly with Japan. One of the Japanese who helped to finance the Convention, when invited to address the delegates, made it clear that he was not a Christian, and that his interest in the occasion must not be interpreted as loyalty to Christ. At a luncheon, given by a friendly Buddhist to aboutone hun- dred foreign delegates, a Buddhist speaker referred to the" Resolu- tions on International Relati<.Jns" passed by the Convention as read- ing "like a new Bible." In response one of the officers of the Conven- tion expressed the belief that the day is fast approaching when Chris- tial1s will clasp hands with Buddhists in a united effort to uplift man- kind. He then moved that BaronS-(an unconverted Buddhist) be elected an honorary member of the World's Sunday-school Associa- tion. Such an attitude may help to break down barriers between Christians and non-Christians, but compromise and a lowering of standards can never help 'forward the Cause of Christ in the world, and are unworthy of His loyal followers.

The World's Sunday-school Association is doing a great work in non-Christian lands through its efforts to train children in the Bible as the Word of God, to lead them to Christ as their Saviour and Lord and to enlist them in Christian service. It is of utmost importance that no~hing be allowed to obscure their Christian testimony to the absolute necessity of loyal obedience to Jesus, the Son of God and Saviour of man. '

THE JAPANESE IN CALIFORNIA T HE passage ,of the Alien Land Law by a referendum vote in California has naturally caused offense to the Japanese, and has awakened concern in missionary circles. The law forbids the ownership of land in California by aliens who cannot be assimilatedby becoming citizens. The Japanese resent this as discriminating against them, and the feeling aroused in Japan is making missionary work more difficult. The Federal Council of Churches, through their Commi~sion on Relations with the Orient, urges that this problem should be solved through close cooperation with ,the Department of State at Washington in accordance with the principles of honor and justice.

The total population of California has, in the last ten years, increased by 1,048,987, while the Japanese population has only; increased 3.6 per cent of the whole, or 38,500, (chiefly by births). The

entire Japanese population of California is about 2.3 per cent of the whole, or 80,000 Japanese in contrast with 3,420,000 Americans. The Japanese births numbered, in 1917, 4,108, as against 47,313 white births. The land situation is not as serious as represented, since the Japanese own less than 75,000 acres out of 11,400,000 acres under cultivation.

The growing liberal movement in Japan, which is battling against military autocracy, is hamperEd and threatened by anti-Japanese legislation in America. Debates have been held by students in Japan to discuss whether or not their government is justified in breaking off friendly relations with America. A declaration of war was not considered expedient but considerable resentment was expressed because of California's anti-Japanese legislation.

In the interest of humanity, world friendship and Christian principles this problem should be studied dispassionately, and settled on a basis that is fair to all and without discrimination against one race. Laws may be established guarding the rights of citizenship, of immigration, of suffrage and of land ownership, without unjust discrimination against anyone class on the ground of race, birth or previous condition or nationality. The Christian people of America wish to have national and inter-national problems settled on this basis. There are real difficulties in the problem, and it may be necessary to place restrictions that will guard American rights and institutions; but such restrictions must be impartial, and in accord with national honor and welfare.

CHURCH AND STATE IN PERU R ECENT political events in Peru have been most interesting from a missionary view point. In September a Divorce Law was passed by the national Congress. Two years ago a Bill was introduced in the Senate in favor of civil marriage and absolute divorce. The Senate approved the measure, but the document passed into the power of the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Lima, who refused to hand it back. However, His Excellency was – at last obliged to let the measure follow its parliamentary course, with the result that it passed through the Lower House with an overwhelming majority-only five deputies voting against it. The extraordinary thing is that this result was achieved in spite of the threats of the Archbishop, the anathemas of friars, the protests of priest-duped women, and the endeavors of the President of the RepUblic, a strong conservative. Even should the President veto the measure, his veto can only delay its promulgation; for the next Congress is empowered by the Constitution to put it into force.

Dr. John A. McKay of Lima, writes: "The new law consists of two main parts. The first makes civil marriage obligatory for

EDITORIAL COMMENT

Catholics as well as Protestants. The second establishes the right of divorce. The new law does not deny the religious significance of marriage but i~ makes Catholics and Protestants, who wish to contract matrimony, equal before the law, so that both can have recourse to their respective ministers for the solemnization of the rite, and multitudes of poor people who have hitherto been com- pelled to live in concubinage, because their resources were not equal to the exorbitant fees charged by priests for the celebration of marriage, will now be able to enter into honorable marriage. Benefi- cent results may therefore be expected from the <new law in the social life of Peru. The second part of the measure, which permits of divorce on other grounds than that of adultery, and sanctions the remarrying of the guilty as well as of the innocent party is objec- tionable from a Christian view point, and is an evidence of tlw tide of radicalism and anti-Christian sentiment that i!l beginning to surge in these old centers of Romish domination. An evidence of this is provided by the words of the chief promoter of the Bill in the Chamber of Deputies. Combating the ideal of the religiou!! significance of marriage he exclaimed: 'What can religion do against the human pa'Ssions ~' "

At no previous time in the history of Peru has there been such a challenge to the Protestant Church, not only to evangelize the masses, but also to enlighten the minds of the classes, on the sublime principles of the true Christian faith, which are the fountainhead of all that is worth while in modern civilization.

THE INTERCHURCH AND THE FUTURE T HREE things seem to be clear about the Interchurch World' Movement. First, the organization is practically dead and will not be resurrected; second, no new organization should be attempted to take its place; and third, certain ideals should be conserved and carried out by existing organizations.

It seems to be beyond question that there is little left of the Interchurch except a sad memory, some valuable lessons and a debt. The memory will linger, it is hoped that the lessons will be profitable and that the debt will be paid. The Movement was founded on ideals, some of which were impractical and others were obscured and made inoperative by wrong methods. There are, however, facts gathered by the surveys, besides numerous maps, charts and photographs that should be used before they are out of date. There was also interest aroused and information scattered that may still bring in a harvest of missionary effort.

The Reorganization Committee of the Movement, after three days spent in conference with representatives of other religious organizations, in New York City in November, adopted a resolution which may result in the Federal Council of Churches of Christ

in America taking over much of the Interchurch activities. The resolution was as follows: In bringing about the further conservation of the values of the Interchurch World Movement we request the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America to call a thoroughly representative council of the following agencies in the month of December, if possible, or early January, to work out the best plan to bring about the most helpful work and relationships and arrangements on their part.

The organizations referred to are the Federal Council, the Reorganization Committee of the Interchurch, the Home Missions Council of the United States and Canada, the Foreign Missions Conference of North America, the Federation of Women's Foreign Mission Boards, the Council of Women for Home Missions, the International Sunday School Association and the Council of Church Boards of Education. The personnel of the conference is to be determined by the Chairman and General Secretary or other two officials of each of the foregoing agencies in consultation.

Just what will be the outcome of this plan it is too early to state, but there is hope for some feasible method of co-operation among evangelical Christian agencies to carry out the Great Commission of Christ.

A BIBLE UNION IN CHINA A s ONE result of the addresses on the Bible delivered last sum- mer in China at Kuling Conference by Dr. W. H. Griffith Thomas and Mr. Charles G. Trumbull, two hundred missionaries joined together to form a !' Bible Union of China," and since that time many others have been added from various mission stations and conferences. The purpose of the Union is to promote faith in the Bible as the Word of God, the study of the Bihle for personal and social progress, to prepare apologetic and other Biblical literature for China and to bring evangelical teachers to the mission field, especially teachers for Christian educational institutions. They also plan to establish conferences and lectureships for Bible study, and to promote prayer and evangelism.

Some missionaries write deploring the increasing number of Christians in the mission fields who have lost their faith in the Bible as the Word of God and are consequently inculcating doubt and unbelief among the Chinese. While these Chri-stians themselves have had their Christian character and faith founded on the Bible, they take away the foundation stones on which they built, and leave only quicksand instead. Many Christians whose character anq spirit of service are beyond criticism also advocate the union with other denominations and the employment of teachers, irrespective of their faith in the deity of Christ and the inspiration of the Bible. The loyalty of the missionaries generally is unquestioned.

A Large Factor In

BY PAUL HARRISON, M. D., BAHREIN, ARABIA W E, as missionaries, need to have behind us a constitu- . ency who will support us abroad. I do not mean friends who will support us financially, though that is useful enough, no doubt. But there is something much more important. I thank God that without realizing the full importance of it, I was led to do something in this way before I went out to Arabia. We are prone to look on ourselves as doing the work of the Church in the foreign field but that is not the way that God looks at it. If we stand alone out there, we will accomplish little, but if we are one of twenty, one out there, and the other nineteen working with us, at home, God will accomplish a great deal through us.

. In Arabia, after a long effort we succeeded in getting permission to begin work in Kateef, a town ~n the mainland. This was an advance step of great importance. I took my instruments and medicines and assistants, expecting to be able to do anything I could do anywhere. We were received enthusiastically and the first day we had over two hundred patients. We tended all of them we could, and the others came back the next day, with two hundred new ()nes. Things went on in this way for four or five days. We were so popular that it was uncomfortable. We had visions of a permanent establishment in Kateef, and in two of the neighboring towns as well, thus making a circuit covering the whole district.

Then a change carne. I was invited to come and interview the chief.

•, What is this that I understand you do in the mornings before you treat the sick people 1"

"Before we treat the sick people," I replied, "why, before we treat the sick people, we have prayers."

"Do you have them in Arabic1" "Yes." "You can't do that in this town," replied the chief. "Well," I said, "we always have prayers before we begin work. We consider that we heal no one. It is God who heals, and we always have prayer before the work begins. No one is compelled to come. The doctor does not know or want to know who comes. Those that come and those that stay away are treated alike. But we could not begin the work without prayer."

1059

"No," said the chief, with ,a snap in his voice, "You can't have them in this town. "

"in that case," 1 said, "we will have to give the worK up, for we do not desire to carry it on without prayer. "

" Very well," was the reply, "give it up then. You can leave here to morrow."

The situation looked hopeless. Kateef was apparently slipping out of our hands, and there was not a thing we could do to hold it. I thought of Luther's prayer. "Lord, Thou art Imperiled with us." 'l'hat afternoon, a little after 1 returned from the reception room of the chief, a man came for treatment. I told him that I was unable to do anything for him because the work ,had been officially closed down, but if he would get the chief's permission, I would be glad to do what was necessary for him. He left to. seek the chief and was followed by another, and he by twenty or more who went ott for special permission that afternoon. The boat was w leave the next day, and we packed up to go in it. But in the morning, Mahmoud, the Grand Vizier of the chief came to see me. "You did not understand" he began, "The chief wants you to remain, but to work without the prayers. " "Yes," I said, "we understood well enough, but we do not feel that we can do that." "Well," said Mahmoud, "don't you think you could pray in your upstairs room and not come down till you were done T Would not that do as wellT"

"No," I said, "I do not think it would be the same." "Well, anyhow," said he, "surely God knows you want to pray, and He will take into account the fact that the chief has forbidden it, so it will be all right." ,, No," I said, "we do not feel that it would be the same." "Oh, well," said Mahmoud, "don't you understand, go ahead and have your prayers, and s,ay nothing more about it. " So we stayed in Kateef, and had prayer before the clinics, and! a day or two later, when Ii visited the chief, he gave me five cups of coffee in succession, to show the great esteem in which he held me, and everything went beautifully from that time on. If we had been driven out of that town, I suppose it would have been years .before we could have returned. That battle was not won by the missionary in Kateef. I~ was the nineteen working at home that helped to change defeat into victory. Other missionaries have experiences like that, and often much more critical.

Growth of the Missionary

BY REV. GEORGE F. HERRICK, D. D., NEW YORK Formerly a Missionary of the American Board in Constantinople T HE great missionary problem is clearly stated in the last three verses of the Gospel by Matthew. Christians of the early cen- turies accepted those words as their Master's command and promise, and worked, zealously and efficiently to accomplish the task laid upon them. Many centuries passed before the churches of Christ began slowly and separately to undertake the duty laid upon them.

Examine the changes that have taken place in the world field and in Christendom's conception of the duty imposed by our Lord's last command during my own missionary life, 1860 to 1920.

Sixty years ago when my missionary life began at Constantinople the great Protestant Foreign Missionary Societies of America and Great Britain had already a history of about half a century. At that time important work had been begun and results achieved in the Near East, in India, in China, in the islands of the Pacific, and in South and West Africa. Missionary effort in China was then confined to certain quarters of half a dozen seaport towns. Today the whole of that land which contains one-fourth of the human race is wide open to missionaries, and a very large part of that population has heard God's message of salvation through the living m.essenger or the printed page. Sixty years ago Japan had not yet been entered by missionaries. Korea was wholly unknown to people of the West. Central Africa was as concealed from our view as is the reverse hemisphere of the moon. Look at Japan, at Korea and at Uganda today.

Even as late as sixty years ago only a small fraction of the membership of the evangelical churches of Christendom took an intelligent interest in the work of foreign missions. The hope and aim of even the missionaries themselves were far from rising to the level of the command of Christ to "teach all nations." Their chief hope was to save some souls out of the city of destruction before the final catastrophe.

The change which has taken place in the Christian conception of missions is well nigh revolutionary. The aim accepted now almost universally is to disciple all men. By Christian education, by industrial and social reform, by the appeal of the life and teaching of Christ, missionaries endeavor to lift men to the plane of true disciples of Christ, to bring into individual and national life everywhere the regenerating power of the Spirit and so to cooperate in God's plan to save the world.

1061

Sixty years ago missionaries were regarded by the governments, and by the great mass of peoples of eastern lands, as unwelcome intruders, or at the best as well-meaning persons with plans altogether impracticable and futile. Merchants and travelers from the West generally regarded them with contempt, if not with hatred. Today the work of the missionaries is everywhere regarded as of great beneficent value to the peoples among whom they live. Their influence on the side of justice in governmental administration and public wellare is profound and far reaching. In the Near East, for example, during the last thirty years, the work of missionaries in education, in scientific healing, in systematic relief of suffering in times of famine, pestilence and war has won the confidence and love of men of all races. There are now at work on the solution of these problems of the Near East a thousand men and women of ability and experience. The leadership is confessedly in their hands.

When foreign missionary work was systematically undertaken by evangelical Christendom more than a century ago, each branch of the Church worked independently of every other. Each carried to the foreign field its own denominational policy, creed and forms of worship, and established churches near one another which were often rivals if not antagonists.

About sixty years ago evangelical missionary societies adopted what was called "comity" in their relations one to another in their work abroad. This meant the elimination of unfriendly rivalry and the cultivation of friendly relations between missionaries of different societies and the members of different native churches. But "comity" was far from the unifly of our Lord's great intercessory prayer. (.Tohn 17). Nor did comity eliminate the carrying of Western denominational divisions into Eastern lands.

Within the last twenty years there has come into challenging prominence, first on mission ground and then among the home chllrches under the leadership of the officers of the great missionary societies, the idea of Christian unity of service clearly announced by our Lord Himself. This has resulted in concerted action by the missionary societies of North America, and by the American and British workers on mission fields. Better than that, the evangelical churches of China, India and ofher lands, are consolidating into national churches on a basis suited to their own conditions and needs, freed altogether from Western limitations.

What now does all this signify for the future of Christianityf (1) It gives vital significance to the name Christian. To be a Christian is to have a character and do a work similar to the character and the work of Christ. Read what the four Gospels tell us of the life and teachings of .Tesus Christ often enough and deeply enough to imbibe their spirit as St. Paul had done when he wrote the 13th chapter of First Corinthians. The name Methodist, or Epis-

THE GROWTH OF THE MISSIONARY IDEA

copalian, or Baptist, or Presbyterian, or Oongregationalist will still be convenient, even necessary perhaps, just as it is necessary to locate a citizen of New York Oity by his street and number; or to designate men as doctors, lawyers, oculists, opticians, electricians, grocers, plumbers, etc. The main thing is that each one is a man, my brother man.

(2) The results of the new missionary idea and spirit are already in evidence. The expenditures of the great missionary societies is nearly double that of ten years ago. The great events of the present day are not new Edison inventions or political campaigns, or the unstable settlement of national boundaries. The great events are the less noisily proclaimed triumphs of Ohristianity in Asia and Africa, the enrolment there by thousands and tens of thousands every year of new recruits under the banner of Him who has on His vesture a name written, King of kings, Lord of lords.

(3) Ohristianity is, and will yet be acknowledged to be, the uni- versal religion. Not the Ohristianity the world has hitherto known, but that of Ohrist, and of those who, in simplicity, sincerity and humility follow in Ohrist's footsteps and make it their one aim to do His work. Thank God their numbers are increasing.

The reason for any doubt of Ohristianity being accepted as the universal religion lies in the travesty of Ohristianity :which the doubters have had before their eyes. Oompare the Ohristianity of Ohrist with Mohammedanism or with any form of Pantheism.

Ohrist's mission was to all men. Therefore the mission of His disciples is to men of every land, every race, every tongue. The rate of progress in missionary work in the mission lands during the last decade has been rapid. The influence of Ohristians in Ohina and Japan is far greater than would be expected from the proportion of their numbers to .the whole population. Their rate of increase in the coming years will be many fold that of the twenty years of this century already past. The Ohristian forces are mobilized. The pace is set. We have entered a new era of this world's history. Ohrist is with us as our Oaptain on the world field. Victory is assured. Blessed are they who are privileged to serve and win under His banner!

If Christian faith does not culminate in the effort to make Christ known to all the world, that faith appears to me to be a thoroughly unreal and insignificant thing, destitute of power, and incapable of being convincingly proved to be true. . . .

It is a constant effort to see that a church is kept apostolic, knowing that it exists not for its pewholders, but for as many of the human race as it can possibly reach; knowing that its members will get the best good out of it the more they can feel and show that it is in no real sense their church. It is first God's church, and then the church of all or any of God's children.

PHII"I"IPS BROOKS.

Indians of South

BY GEO. M. McBRIDE, NEW YORK T HE INDIANS of the lowlands, in contrast with the highland peoples, are largely uncivilized. Due in great part to their unfavorable geographical environment, they have never developed in the social scale but remain, as they have been for ages past, in a state of greater or less savagery. They are divided into many small tribes, sometimes loosely federated, but each speaking a distinct language or dialect, and generally engaged in more or less open warfare with each other.

The Araucanian Indians of South Central Chile are far above other lowland tribes, and possess a fairly high degree of civilization. Their agriculture and stock-raising are well advanced, and they have an organized patriarchal government.

The lowland Indians inhabit the great forests and grass lands of the central plains a.oout the head waters of the Orinoco, the Amazon and the La Plata rivers, the coastal regions of the Caribbean, the extreme southern end of the continent, and the humid regions along the Pacific in Ecuador and Colombia.

Any calculation of the number of lowland Indians in South America can be only rough estimates. No census attempts to state the Indian population of the forests in more than general terms. The following estimate is based upon the most correct data available: Brazil ……………………………………………. . 1,300,000 Peru ……………………………………………. . 1,000,000 Ecuador ………………………………………….. . 700,000 Bolivia …………………………………………… . 400,000 Venezuela ………………………………………… . 300,000 Chile …………………………………………….. . 102,000 Colombia …………………………………………. . 100,000 Paraguay …………………………………………. . 50,000 Argentina ………………………………………… . 30,000 The Guianas ………………………………………. . 40,000 Total ……………….. '.' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4,022,000 (In Uruguay alone of the South American countries, has the pure-blooded Indian population entirely disappeared.) Very little has been done for these Indians, either by missionary agencies or by the governments in whose jurisdiction they live. In general they have been entirely neglected and left in their primitive state, to become the prey of a slowly advancing wave of civilization, in which Christianity has played no part. They have thus been entirely at the mercy of traders, industrialists and slave raiders.

1064 BORa INDIANS OF BRAZIL IN FULL DRESS Brazil, in her early history, depended largely upon the raids made by the Paulistas, or slave hunters from Sao Paulo, for her supply of labor. Though slavery is forbidden by all the nations of America, the application of this protection is often not extended to the savage Indians who live far removed from the shelter of the law. Their condition in many places has been aggravated by the overlapping of territorial claims, and the consequent impossibility of policing such disputed areas.· • The situation revealed in Hardenb1.lrg's HThe Putumayo, the: Devil's Paradise," (London 1912), the "Red Book of the Putumayo," and Sir Roger Casement's official report, (Foreign Office Reports, Misc. No.8, 1912), i. probably paralleled in most of the rubber districts of interior South Amenea.

In Chile the valiant Araucanians that could never be conquered by Inca or Spanish arms, have finally yielded to the gradual influence of the white man's firewater and his persistent "peaceful penetration" of their territory.

The Argentine Indians very largely ceased to be a factor in the national development after General Roca's ruthless campaign of 1879 on the southern pampas.

Most attempts to Christianize these savage Indians have met with failure. Though the Roman Catholic priests penetrated many of the remote regions during colonial times their work has not survived. The great mission organizations built up in Paraguay by the Jesuits fell into ruins when these padres were expelled from Spanish possessions in 1767. In eastern Peru, about all that is left of the extensive work carried on in the vast interior bishopric of Maynas is the history of the attempt. In southern Venezuela and eastern Colombia ruins alone remain to mark the efforts directed toward the Christianization of the aborigines by Catholic missionaries. Protestant efforts have been even less successful. Allen Gardiner's devoted attempt to reach the Fuegians is typical of other such undertakings. The scattered settlements in vast, sparsely populated forests, an inhospitable climate, the difficulties presented by a tropical jungle, and the hostility of the natives themselves toward all whites, have combined to destroy work attempted, and to deter even the most daring from undertaking a task which seemed both hazardous and futile. Consequently the uncivilized Indians of the lowlands have been almost entirely neglected as yet by evangelical missionary agencies. Though most of the cities of Latin America contain. Protestant schools and churches, the vast interior areas, with their many tribes of savage or semi-savage aborigines, still are almost untouched. Prof. Faraba~, anthropologist and explorer, is quoted as saying that OVer an area equal to two-thirds of the United States, the Indians live in almost complete paganism.

Outstanding exceptions to this neglect are the missions maintained by the South American Missionary Society (British) among the Araucanians of south-central Chile, the Fuegians, and the Indians of the Gran Chaco, between Paraguay and Bolivia. To these may be added the work done by Anglican agencies in British Guiana. In these centers progress is being made, but what can a few such sections do for the millions of Indians scattered over so vast a territoryT As far as the Indian is concerned, South America remains what it has always been, from a missionary viewpoint, the Neglected Continent. The gradual approach of the two Americas has produced little change there. It has but brought the problem nearer to our door.

These repeated failures give conclusive evidence of the difficulty of undertaking the evangelization of the lowland Indians. They pre-

LOWLAND INDIANS OF SOUTH AMERICA

sent one of the most difficult missionary problems existing. Only a well organized, presistently maintained effort can accomplish the task. It will require the power and the permanence which only the strongly established missionary boards can employ. Sporadic, independent, or poorly equipped and feebly maintained efforts will but fail as have failed many other attempts in the last four centuries. The work must be maintained, though workers fall. Strong men, backed by strong, permanent organization, will ,be required to triumph. Unless such can be provided the field must be left to its fate at the hands of industrial and 'commercial interests, who usually exploit or exterminate but do not uplift.

AN I N DIAN W AI-WAI DANCE IN BRAZIL Any practical attempt to civilize the Indians may be expected to receive the cordial support of the governments concerned. They are already interested, far more than the Protestant Church, if the truth be said, in the uplift of the aboriginal element in their population. In Brazil wonderful work has been accomplished by Colonel Rondon with whom Roosevelt traveled in the unknown interior. This officer is a true friend of the wild Indians and has become a great apostle of civilization among them. But the Gospel'does not form a part of his message. His cooperation, however, and that of his government may be depended upon in any effort to bring the Indian into the pale of civilization. In Chile, Bolivia and Peru there exist societies or groups who are interested in all that will tend to uplift the aborigines and their support will be extended, generally in a cordial way. They are already gwping toward a solution of this great problem.

1. Upper Orinoco, probably at San Fernando de Atabapo; 2. Upper Amazon, probably at Iquitos; 3. Lowel' Amazon, probably at Manaos; 4. Tierra del Fuego, probably Wulaia (or Punta Arenas); S. Araucania, probably on the Argentine side of the Andes, or at Villarica, near the border.

(This last mission would be a land station, equipped with church, hos- pital, industrial school and farm, similar to the existing institution at Temuco of the South American Mis- sionary Society.) .

As there is a considerable white population in most of the centers suggested, it would be well to provide hospital, medical, evan- gelistic and probably educational equipment, on a small scale at least, for these white people.

A SOUTH AMERICAN WOMAN AND BABY SUGGESTED PROGRAM The most that can be accom- THE APPEAL OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN plished toward the evangelization INDIAN of these Indians within the next five years will be the occupation of strategic points, within reach of the greatest numbers of Indian settlements. This can best be done by following the methods employed hy traders and rubber men in using the only means of transportation, the river routes. Mission centers should be established at the following points, equipped with hospital, medical supplies, motor boats, interpreters, etc.

rrhe suggested centers are: Prohi bition Progress In Latin America BY DR. JUAN O. GONZALEZ WHEN the United States legally :Killed and buried King Al- cohol in the tomb of ignominy, the whole world was petrified with astonishment before so bold and radical a move. After the first shock had passed, many publicists smiled skeptically with regard to the efficacy of such a step. Many periodicals of large circulation attacked such legislation as tyrranous, impractical, revolutionary, and liable to cause trouble. Naturally foreigners judge the States principally by the papers published in its larger cities, so that such propaganda could not but sow distrust as to the benefits that national prohibition would bring.

But truth, in the long run, opens its way through calumny and falsehood. Friends and enemies have been obliged to confess that crime, disease and misery have diminished, while civic honesty, economic prosperity, and domestic happiness have increased, in proportion to the enforcement of prohibition. These are facts. Corroboration can be obtained from judges, prison and hospital statistics, bankers, and altruistic societies working for the welfare of the people. As these sources of information have testified in favor of prohibition, admiration for the United States begins to take the place of the world's mockery and doubt.

In the last International Congress against Alcoholism held on September 16th in Washington, many foreign representatives spokein praise of the United States, and all were optimistic regarding the triumph of prohibition in the world. Dr. Robert Rercod of Switzerland declared that an army of 5,000,000 is working for the suppression of alcoholism in the world. "In fifteen years," prophesies Dr. Rercod, "the use of alcohol as a drink will have been abolished in all countries." A similar declaration was made by the British scientist, Dr. C. S. Saleeby who said: "England will be prohibitionist within ten years. This will be hrought about by a change in economic conditions." Lord Leverhulm, a business man, came to America as a "wet" and returned a "dry." At first the news that prohibition had been decreed surprised Europe. Then she ridiculed the United States. Now she begins to see things in their true economic aspect, and the liquor interests begin to fight.

But where the fight against alcoholism acquires a victorious attitude is in Latin America. If, ten years ag-o, somebody had predicted that Latin America would seriously consider prohibition, and that in time she would begin an active temperance campaign for restl'iction 1069 of the free sale of alcohol, such a person would have been termed an idealistic, visionary. And yet the campaign is on from Patagonia to Rio Bravo, from Valparaiso to Rio de Janeiro. The masses and governing classes are participators, and the subject is discussed by papers and magazines. Legislators propose and approve laws in this direction. There are few tJroblems today that are more universally discussed by the Latin republics than the restriction or prohibition of alcohol. The President of Mexico, senor de la Huerta, has announced that he would cooperate with the Government of the United States by declaring a "dry zone" of 100 miles along the boundary of the two countries. Senor Lugo has declared that the tendency of the Government under ,senor de la Huerta is to implant the "dry state" in all the Republic. The press has also announced that the President- Elect of Guatemala, sefior Carlos Herrera, proclaimed provisionally prohibition for all the country, and it is hoped that Congress will sanction this edict. The newspaper with the largest circulation in Mexico, "EI Universal" says: "In the bulletin recently delivered to newspaper men by the District Government, it is announced that senor Gasca has the project in view (which he will 'put into practice by degrees) of restricting the sale of alcohol and intoxicating liquors in order to combat inebriety as far as he is able. ,The bulletin also states that Governor Gasca proposes, at no distant date, to make "dry" all of the Federal District, towards which object he will work as long as he remains in the Government."

The article adds that there are several states where the "dry" law has gone into effect.

Of Bogota, Colombia, it is said that senator don Felix Salazar presented to Congress a project of law on alcoholic prohibitions which was much debated. With regard to this project the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce declared: "The anti-alcoholic problem must be met squarely, and advance must be made despite the obstacles. In the United States, when the fight began, the trial of alcohol produced a book with statistical data that are appalling. Crime finds in alcohol its feeder, and statistics prove this. Fifty per cent of the murders have alcohol as their cause; likewise sixty per cent of the divorces; the days in which most crimes occur are precisely Saturdays and Sundays when the working classes dedicate themselves in their idle hours to alcoho1."

The Government of Costa Rica combats alcoholism. The President, senor Julio Acosta, in his inaugural message said: "We must combat alcoholism by all means possible, as it opposes every ideal of greatness and culture. " From a circular that the Executive Cabinet sent to the heads of public offices, we take the following paragraph: "On the ,special recommendation of the President of the Republic, we urge you to observe a strict vigilance over the office personnel with regard to inebriety, abiding immediately by the following inflexible rules: -First, in the future no person subject to the alcoholic vice must be proposed for an

19201 PROHIBITION PROGRESS IN LATIN AMERICA

appointment as a civil or military employee. Second, the present personnel dependent on the Executive Power is notified that intoxication even in occasional form cannot be tolerated. Third, in consequence, an employee of this dependence who publicly incurs this grave fault will be deprived of his office regardless of his personal antecedents, family circumstances, or skill and ability in the performance of his duties."

In Brazil a law has been proposed prohibiting the sale of alco- holic liquors on holidays, and restricting the sale during the rest of the week; also prohibiting bars near schools and colleges.

Energetic measures have been adopted in Uruguay against the public sale of liquor, and an active campaign started for the declara- tion of a "dry" nation. In the Argentine, Dr. Estanislao S. Zeballo, eminent juriscon- sult, prepared a proposed law which was· presented to Congress by the deputy senor Julio S. Rafo de la Beta, in order to adopt the "dry" law in Argentina. 'rhe senior of the Argentine press, "La Capital," favors such a project, as may be seen by the following excerpts: "The project of deputy don Julio S. de la Reta comes at an opportune moment, and we hope that it will be appreciated in its full value by legislatorsdesirous of combating the social plagues conspiring against life, the agents of physical and moral degradation. The regulation of the manufacture and sale of alcoholic drinks should be the object of a careful study on the part of the National Congress; the initiatives tending to eliminate slowly the consumption of drinks of this nature must be complemented by the total suppression of the sale of liquors particularly harmful to the consumer."

In Chile, where there are many restrictions in force, and some regions under prohibition, new projects tending towards absolute prohibition have recently been presented to Congress. The steve- dores in Punta Arenas recently refused to unload from vessels any case containing alcoholic liquors. The following press despatch from Santiago, Chile, will be of interest: "A campaign has been started to make the Araucanian Indian Reserve of Cholchol "dry," following a petition to the Government from residents in the district alleging violations of the existing laws which prohibit the sale of alcoholic drinks on Sundays and feast days, and by persons without license. . . . Movements also have been started by workers in the nitrate and coal fields in favor of prohibiting the sale of liquor on pay days."

The National Anti-Alcoholic League met recently in Valparaiso and adopted several practical measures; among them, the introduc- tion in primary and higher school text books of lessons designed to awaken in the pupil a horror for alcohol.

So intense and general is the campaign that "La Prensa" of New York, the Spanish newspaper of greatest circulation in the United States, has said: "Inspired without a doubt by the example of the United States and animated by the praiseworthy desire of preserving the health of the people, several Hispanic-American statisticians have delivered themselves with ardor and earnestness to the task of obtaining from their respective coun-

tries laws conducive to the restriction, if not suppression, of the consump- tion of alcohol as a drink. In the parliaments of Argentine, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and other countries, projects of this nature have been presented, and discussed with the interest that so grave a problem demands. Public opinion in all these countries has been in accord in appreciating the necessity that energetic measures be adopted as soon as possible, establishing prudent laws that will protect the people from the danger of alcoholism."

THE HOPEFUL OUTLOOK We predict that the anti-alcoholic campaign in Latin America will be a more rapid and victorious campaign than it was in North America. Whoever studies the advances and retrogressions of the prohibition campaign in the United States during the last one hundred years, or the last fifty, cannot but feel very optimistic on examining the present activities in Latin America. The prohibition campaign in the United States was, in the early days, ridiculed by the press, politicians, statisticians and ministers of different denomina~ tions. On the other hand, the anti-alcoholic campaign in Latin America is in universal favor, patronized by the masses and a large part of the ruling classes, defended by the press, and seriously discussed in scientific societies and co-legislative bodies. This, however, does not mean that the defenders of prohibition and temperance are not going to meet with obstacles. King Alcohol cannot be dethroned without a fierce battle. He will invoke the aid of degenerate politicians, of demoralizing vices, of degrading industries.

But there is no doubt that the fight against alcohol in Latin America presents itself with more probabilities of victory than it did at the beginning of the campaign in the United States, particularly so if the beneficial results obtained by prohibition are made known. A campaign bearing in mind the errors and successes of the North American campaign, and presenting the 'actual results in a manner appropriate to Latin America, will ha.ve a certain and ra.pid victory over alcoholism.

Anything that directly or indirectly appears to indicate an aspect of imposition, of tutelage, or even of guidance, must be avoided. Latin America is proud of her civilization, her liberty, her sovereignty, and the methods she employs in the unraveling of her problems. If the enemies of alcoholism adopt any imposing or dominating attitude, they will fail. The love of individual liberty is more intense in Latin America than it is in North America. Again, if friends of prohibition present themselves as representatives of a superior civilization, and, for this reason, adopt the attitude of 'Protector or tutor of other people of an inferior or deficient civilization, they will fail. Latin America prefers to develop her own civilization, and without the help or cooperation of other nations, if they take the attitude of tutors.

The best methods for North America are not always the best for Latin America, buf, even if they are, the mere fact that they have been initiated in the United States might provoke a feeling of suspicion and prejudice rather than a desire to imitate. The propaganda must be based on the presentation of facts and results, without commentaries or recommendations. This propaganda must enter by the eye and ear to reach the intelligence and the heart.

The first step should be to impress the sight. The people of Latin America are lovers of art and possess a lively imagination. Advertisements, posters, pictures that soberly yet forcibly and truthfully give an idea of the ravages caused by the deadly and deleterious poison, should be exhibited in the trains, trams, streets, walks, roads, schools, colleges, etc. Above all, motion pictures ap- propriate to Latin Americans and that reflect with exactitude the disastrous results of alcohol should be shown, not only in theaters, but also in public gardens and plazas, in schools and colleges. This last meth0d would soon produce excellent and permanent results. Brief popular talks, bulletins, articles, and principally the 'introduction of these methods into the text books of primary schools, would rapidly create an opinion against alcoholism.

But most important is to give to the ruling classes, to the better magazines, and to the newspapers of greatest prestige and circulation, the conclusions and results which science has arrived at with regard to alcohol in all its aspects and applications. Bulletins giving the verdict of great chemists, of famous institutions, of celebrated medical men, of great statisticians, would be well received by the cultured class. Newspapers and magazines would publish them..with comments, with the effect of producing powerful motives to move the masses towards the definite victory. For the complete success of prohibition in North America it is necessary that the neighboring countries be under a prohibition regime. As the friends of prohibi- tion said that it could never be an accomplished fact in North America as long as one state of the Union remained "wet," so we can now say: prohibition will never be perfect and complete until the "dry" Bag floats from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego. Further, if in all North and South America prohibition came .into effect, what other continent would resist? America to greater or less extent will mold and direct humanity in the coming generations.

"The Church has not yet discovered, still less begun to realize, the limitless possibilities of intercession. .. .. .. The evangelization of the world is not primarily a matter of numbers, wealth, knowledge and strategy, but of the unhindered working of the Spirit of God. Such Divine manifestation has been associated invariably with prayer."-JOHN . R. MOTT;

Constantinople College for ",romen

BY EVELINE A. THOMPSON, CONSTANTINOPLE T HIS College for women has been in existence for nearly fifty £"ears. Since 1914 it has been situated in four new buildings at Arnaoutkeuy on the European shore of the Bosphorus, about six mile'S from the old city of Stamboul. From the time it was founded as a school in 1871 until 1914 it occupied buildings in Scutari on the Asiatic shore. In 1890, nineteen years after its 'foundation, it became a college, obtaining a charter from the state of Massachusetts. The present campus comprises about fifty acres and is of great beauty.

The student body is composed of many nationalities. F{)ur large groups are in about equal proportion, Armenian, Bulgarian, Greek and Turkish. Beside these, there are ,Albanians, Spanish Jews, French, English, Swiss American and occasionally Serbians, Roumanians and Persians. These many varied elements are bound together by" a common desire for knowledge. The student body is democratic, including girls from the mountain districts of Macedonia, as well as the daughters of the leading 'States- men .of Turkey and Bulgaria. .

At present 500 students are .enrolled in the college; half, in the flourishing preparatory school and half in the college proper. About 400 graduates have gone out and have taken up their various careers in towns and cities in Asia Minor and the Balkan States. They testify by their lives and the respect which they almost invariably command, to the in'Spiring ideals of the College, which they have made their own.

The chief benefit which the students receive from the College does not come from books. The religious life is of first im- portance. From talks by members of the faculty and more vividly from their Ch;ristian lives, the students learn lessons which books could never teach them. Ideals are held up to them and they are taught the love of liberty and the right use of it, the sacredness of truth, the power of unselfishness and the duty of tolerance and mutual helpfulness.

The period of reconstruction has already begun. Of all the countries which need rehabilitation and rebirth, the Near East seems to stand among the first. Because this College ha:s stood by its students during the darkest period of their history, because it has. gained by its devotion and steadfastnes'S, their • respect and admiration, without a single exception, of all the na- tions of the Near Elast, it can look with confidence towards years of growth and usefulness.

1074

TH~ NEW MISSION HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN AT KUWEIT ON THE PERSIAN

The First Baptism in Kuweit, Arabia BY REV. EDWIN E. CALVERLY, KUWEIT, ARABIA Missionary of the Reformed Church in America W HAT hinders me from being baptised'I" asked Fulan. The lesson at our station prayers that Monday morn- ing before Easter was the story of Philip and the Ethiopian treasurer. Fulan is a Persian sayyid, a descendant of the Arabian Prophet Mohammed. Like the Ethiopian, he had left his own country that he might worship God aright and in his search for salvation he had come to Kuweit where he heard the Gospel, and learned that Christ was his Saviour and his Lord. He accepted Christ's claims, joined our little circle, and an- nounced his change of faith to. his former friends. So Fulan was baptized on Easter Sunday, becomi'ng the first to receive this rite in our Mission at Kuweit. He also is the first Moslem it has been my privilege to baptize in my ten years of missio.nary service.

Over two years ago, on Washington's Birthday, 1918, Fulan first came to us and asked to be baptized. His earnestness was evident. He told us his story: "I left my home in Persia in a search for the truth. The Shi'i beliefs of my people did not satisfy my need. I then jo.ined the Babis, fo.r theirs is a broad and mo.dern brand of faith, and it seemed good. But the teachers could not answer my 1075

questions. Then I started for the Babi headquarters in Syria, intending to visit Mecca and Me- dina on the way. When I reached Busrah I heard that a Babi teacher was then in Kuweit. So here I came."

One day he met a man selling religious books in (he bazaar, books that were claimed to be the very Word of God. He bought a booklet that told of the proph- ets Abraham and Joseph, of whom he already knew. He read the booklet eagerly and asked some Jews whether this were in- deed the original Book of God that descellded upon Moses who conversed with God. He was as- sured that Genesis was really a A MOSLEM OF CENTRAL ARABIA part of the Taurat, or Books of Moses. The clearness of what he read impressed him and he determined to investigate the religion of the Jews. "A Jewish friend said he would take me to their Saturday services," he recently told me. "But he failed to keep our appointment, and when I urged him again he said he would take me the next week. I went to see him on Friday night to confirm the appointment, and found him dnmk. I did not blame his religion for that, and thought the priest would not be like him. He took me to the synagogue next morning, but left me outside while he went to tell the priest about me. I waited a long time and finally a boy came out to tell me that a'S the, Jews were so few in the town,they would be in danger, if it should become known that a Persian was interested in their religion." Soon after that Fulan' hought another booklet from our colporteur. It was the Gospel of John, and cost him two co'ppers. It immediately satisfied him as to its truth for it was th0 message he wanted and he accepted it gladly and fully. At that time Fulan knew only a litte Arabic, so we asked a Persian convert of many years standing to give him further instruc- tion, and also gave him some Christian literature in Persi311. He had a position as night watchman in the bazaar, but he lost' it, when the other watchmen complained because, as they said, IiHe is a sm:yyid, 'So we cannot curse him or beat him if

THE FIRST BAPTISM IN KUWEIT, ARABIA lO77

he does what is wrong, -and we do not want anyone to work with us whom we are not allowed to curse." One of our Persian school boys confirmed this, when I asked him about it. He said: "Men do not like to work with sayyids, simply because they dare not strike them or swear at them." "Then," said I, "instead of it being an honor for a man to be a descendant of Mohammed, it is really a misfortune, because it makes a man lose his job."

"The people would rather give him something to live on," replied the boy, "than work with him. "

Fulan '8 difficulties in the bazaar brought about good both for him and for us for he became a most valuable worker in our hospital, and is learning to dispense medicines. He pleases all by his willingness to be of any service at any time. His growth in knowledge and grace has been remarkable, and his testimony in the bazaar has been enthusiastic. He was recently made the "Subject of a strong denunciation in the chief Persian preaching place, when the leading Shi'i -mulla, or preacher, declared that no one ought to associaie with him in the coffeeshops, or eat with him, that no one should sell him food, and that it was lawful to kill him. He is able to get along, as there are Arab shops where he can buy what he needs. He felt that baptism would not increase his danger and said that it would be a great comf.ort to him as an acknowledgment on our part that he was really one of us.

His period of probation had been long, and as he seemed to be ready and the Lord's Supper was to be celebrated, none of l1S felt we should deprive him of this means of grace. With deep joy and gratitude the church in our house gathered around the Lord's Table that Easter morning to welcome this new member into the body of believers in Christ and to celebrate the resurrection power of our Lord.

SOME MISSIONARY QUOTATIONS "The Church that forgets itself in its passion for others will in that forgetfulness find itself."

"We have no apology for being in earnest about foreign missions and will make none until Jesus Christ tells us He made a mistake in coming to the world as a missionary."

"We have given the -Orient warships and telephone, steam cars and sewing machines and silk hats, but they are none the better for these; and except the 'old man' be changed within, all these trappings will make him a more potent force for evi1."

Brother In

:l'he Story of Dan Schultz, the Labor Evangelist [Continued from the November RlVIlw.J BY REV. COE HAYNE, NEW YORK I N Pittsburgh Daniel L. Schultz, the Labor Evangelist, undertook .. a service that required, qualities of Christian manhood similar to those he had displayed on the western frontier. He was pastor of the Lorenz Avenue Baptist Church, when the great Westmoreland County Goal ~trike began. Reading of terrible conditions in the cOoal regions he felt it his duty to go and see whether the newspaper reports were true. He found men .and women living in tents pitched along the rOoadsides in the bleak month of March, having been thrown out of the coal company's houses. The rain often wet their household goods and their bedding, and the cold and dampness increased the suffering brought by hunger. The United Mine Workers of America were extending aid to the amount of about $2.50 per family, per week, but most of the women and children were poorly clad, some of them being without shoes or stockings.

After being in the field for one week, Mr. Schultz returned to his church, told of the conditions he had found and made an appeal for clothing and other things needful for the children and women. He also went out to solicit clothing, shoes, food and money in different· parts of the state. returning to the miners' camp at frequent intervals to diDtributf' the goods.

The Ullited ~fine Workers of America made him chaplain of their orgp.niziition ano the Statp Federation of Labor, at a special cullvention held b discuss the strike, made him the chaplain of the convention. Nearly every local union in Pennsylvania pledged itself to assist him in >,upplying the needs of the strike sufferers. It was Mr. Schultz' privilege to Dpeak to large congregations of men, women and children of different nationalities, concerning the Church and its attitude toward the man in overalls.

One Sunday aftf'rnoon he .addressed over nine thousand miners, their wives and children, through interpreters. Among them were Slavs, Russians, Italians, Croatians, Hungarians, Poles, Lithuanians, Serbians, Scotch, Germans, Austrians, Bohemians and Roumanians. He spoke on God's wonderful love to the children of men. It was the first time that many of them had heard this story. A prominent Roman Catholic labor leader, who had introduced him at the beginning of the service, said, "It is my privilege to introduce a brother of J el'ius Christ, who has proved himself thus by his work and sacri- 1078 A NOON HOUR MEETING AT THE CAR SHOPS OF THE SOUTHERN PACIFIC R. R. CALIFORNIA fice for our folks. Whatever" Father" Schultz tells us, we believe, for we have confidence in him and his message."

For fourteen months Mr. Schultz and his helpers collected and distributed over ninety tons of clothing, thirty-eight thousand pairs of new shoes, and over twenty-seven thousand dollars. Contributions came from capitalists as well as from labor unions, socialist organiza- tions and churches. Just before the strike ended, a number of leaders of the American Federation of Labor met for a conference in Pitts- burgh. After passing a number of resolutions, thankmg the church of which Mr. Schultz was pastor, and also the denomination to which he belonged, for supplying the needs of the strikers, they passed a resolution requesting the denomination to call Mr. Schultz out of the pastorate to devote his time entirely to the working classes of the United States.

On January 1st, 1911, Mr. Schultz hegan his remarkahle ministry among the laboring people at large, working in coai fields, shops, factories of all kinds, preaching the gospel and trying to show the working man that the Church is not his enemy but his friend. He is now the Field Labor Rep~esentative of the American Baptist Home Mission Society. .

Sometime ago, Mr. Schultz received a letter from the secretary of the Bartenders' Association of America, requesting him to speak at their convention. In answer to the letter he wrote that he was a

Ihinister of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, and that he could not endorse the liquor business in any way or under any circumstances. To this letter he received a reply by telegram, stating, "We have confidence in you as a minister of the Gospel of Jesus Christ; we need just what you have to give,-come at our expense." Mr. SchUltz accepted the invitation. On the Saturday evening of his arrival in the town where the convention was -held, he visited a minister whom he had known in former days. This man had read the announcement of his acceptance of the invitation to speak to the liquor men, and denounced his con- sent as unchristian and unbecoming in a minister of the Gospel.

Another minister, an intimate friend, told him that he had disgraced the Christian ministry, God and humanity for accepting an invitation from such a gang. _ When Mr. Schultz went to the Convention hall he found it packed with people. He spoke from John 3:16-17 and at the close of the sermon when the evangelist extended an invitation to any wishing prayer to raise their hands, a large number responded. Nine men and three saloon keepers' wives professed faith in Jesus Christ that afternoon and gave up their liquor-selling business. At the end of the week these nine men went back to their earlier trades. Later others also left the saloon business because of the conviction that had been awakened in them during this service.

At the next session of the convention the delegates officially invited Mr. Schultz to become an honorary member of the organiza- tion, and when he explained his position and refused an honorary card, they passed a resolution endorsing his work, and t.he Churchthat sent him out. This is the only union card Mr. Schultz has refused. During the period of his labors eleven labor unions have presented honorary cards to him, giving him access to thousands of local unions in the United States.

At Denver, Colorado, after a number of noon hour meetings in the Denver and Rio Grande shops, over one hundred and ten men sent a letter to the American Baptist Home Mission Society concern- ing the work and thejr belief in the Gospel as preached by Mr. Schultz. It has been his privilege to speak to a number of the unions concerning the attitude of the Church towards labor, as well as the Gospel of Christ.

One of the most dramatic events in the career of our labor evangelist occurred during the intense labor troubles on the Pacific Coast. In Seattle he was invited to speak before the open forum which met every Sunday night in the Labor Temple. Crowds of all classes of men and women congregated many of them real haters of the Church and of religion. On arriving at the building, Mr. Schultz had to press his way through the crowd up the steps into the great hall As he entered the room he heard a man who was formerly a

MY BROTHER IN OVERALLS

minister of the gospel denouncing "sky pilots," churches and the Bible. The chairman of the meeting introduced Mr. Schultz to the audience, and he was about to speak, when this ex-minister charged him with having been paid by the capitalists to come and :vam down the common peoples' throats a religion that made the working man and woman industrial slaves. He challenged Mr. Schultz to debate with him upon the subject of "God, the Church and so-called salva- tion. " In response to his challenge, the evangelist said, "After I finish my speech, if I haven't answered this man, and this audience decides that I have not, then I will be glad to stand here all night, and endeavor to answer his questions. "

The moderator of the meeting requested the challenger to hold his peace or leave the building. Mr. Schultz spoke for forty-five minutes, and closed his address with his own Christian experience, and his early trials as a child laborer in a glass factory) and declared his allegiance to the Gospel of Christ and the Church which had done so much for him.

"Friends,".said the speaker, "the Church stands for some vital things for which organized labor has been fighting and pleading for. many years. Among these things are complete justice for all men in all stations of life, equal pay for equal service, one rest day per week and that day Sunday, the wiping out of the sweat-shop system, reasonable hours. for laborers, the right of the employee and the employer to organize, a universal educational system and abatement . of poverty "by a just distribution of the products of labor. "

"Tell us, if you please," requested a man in the center of the hall, "how can a Christian employer compel his employees to work seven days a week, twelve hours a day, on small pay, then expect labor to have any sympathy with the Church to which he belongs!"

"Christianity is a personal matter," replied Mr. Schultz. "Every man personally must decide for himself whether or not to accept Christ's teachings and apply them to his own heart and life, or whether or not to ally himself with any church that has had a share in spreading the knowledge of the Saviour's lo:ve. One of the fundamental principles for which Christian churches stand is in- dividual responsibility. No man is a true representative of Jesus Christ, or the Church to which he belongs, who will oppress his em- ployees and compel them to break the Lord's day and work long hours which unfits them for happiness and for life."

Mter the meeting, Mr. Schultz forced his way through the crowd- ed aisles to the third floor. Here he faced a company of people who did not try .to hide their radicalism. When he began to speak, a woman rose and said in fine English, "Mr. Chairman, must we have this God-stuff rammed down our throats again? Why do we have to listen to sky-pilots whci are controlled ·by the capitalists of this country?"

The woman was applauded and the evangelist realized that he was in for a severe grilling. He closed his eyes and prayed: "Father, give me the sympathy which Jesus would have for these people."

Others rose and asked questions and denounced the churches, the ministry and the Bible, and some even dared to denounce the Gov- ernment of the United States because of the freedom allowed all ohurches and religions by the Constitution. After listening to their various indictments for about forty minutes Mr. Schultz finally was permitted to begin his address. .

"Now I presume you feel better, he said, "I can sympathize with you. When I eat ,anything that does not agree with me, it makes me sick, and I can never enjoy a talk or think properly so long as that's in my stomach. You have emptied yourselves of many thoughts that have disturbed you. Now, you will be able to listen to me, and you will find that I am not your enemy, nor the churches that I represent, nor the Christ that saved me and sent me to you to speak to you. You will find that we only misunderstand each other.

By and by we will be friends."

He endeavored to analyze a Christian church. What is a church' Who is the Author of the church' Why are the churches in existence today! What class of people compose the membership of the churches 7 He told them why all churches feel a. sympathy for every man that labors, whether with his hands or brain. At Bremerton, where large ship yards are located, Mr. Schultz was invited to speak to several labor unions. He was received graciously and men listened to him intently. After the adjournment of the meeting, three men who were radically opposed to the churches, began to ask questions, some of which were very insulting, but the evangelist received grace enough to smile and answer in a kind, con- siderate manner. While one the men was denouncing Christ, a member of the Blacksmith's Union rushed up to him with his fists doubled and tears running down his cheeks.

"I'Unot have any man insulting Jesus Christ or the Church/" he shouted. "I have been doing this very' thing myself for thirty- five years, but tonight, here in this hall while Mr. Schultz was speak- ing, I decided for Christ and I aim to stick up for Him from now on.~'

The next evening this man was sitting with his wife and child in the front part of the Baptist Church of Bremerton. When the invitation was extended to those who wished to testify concerning their Christian faith, he was the first on his feet. After an address before another union, the president of the organization requested Mr. Schultz to remain fora moment, as he wanted to say something. .

"I have not been inside of a church for many, many years, except about nine years ago when I was at a funeral," he declared.

"But tomorrow night you will find me and my family at church. From this time on I am going to perform my Christian duty. A church that supports a man who is working for the laboring man's interests is the church for me. "

A Roman Catholic arose and said, "I am a member of the Roman Catholic Church. I also will be found in the Baptist church with our president." The man was the doorkeeper. Then he said, "And I want to make a motion that every member of this union go to church with us, and hear Rev. Schultz in his evangelistic address." The motion was carried. 'l'hl~y were found at the church the next night and quite frequently thereafter.

During a few weeks stay in Portland, Mr. Schultz was invited to visit forty-four labor unions, and managed to speak tci thirty-eight of them. At one of these gatherings a man who had been a pastor in an eastern city, but had become embittered against his church because of industrial conditions, listened to him with intense interest. After the meeting, as the evangelist was leaving the building, this ex-minister asked for the privilege of speaking to him. He told Mr. Schultz who he was, of his early training and then offered his hand and said, 'God helping me, I will renew my vows, return to my church and be found working for Christ."

The laundry workers' strike in Portland gave Mr. Schultz an opportunity. to influence many young men and women who were ~hurch members to remain true, and also to convince others of the need of true Christianity. Many of these young people were members of the Roman Catholic Church, but they showed no disposition to be hostile. One of the women of the Union who was a member of the Catholic Church, said: "Father Schultz, if you remain in our city and give us such good advice ,as you have been giving, you will be more popular than Father 0 'Hara, who is the greatest priest in the world.

At a noon day meeting in Pittsburg, a politician who had been for many years a hard drinker, profane in his language and an ungodly father and husband stood at the edge of a park listening to the gospel as preached by Mr. Schultz. For several days he had been coming to the same spot to denounce the "fakir." But through prayer and faithful dealings this man was converted and became a very efficient worker for Christ, and today holds a license to preach in one of our churches in a great city. He has become a street preacher and a fine personal worker. After four years of testing. his wife, who hardly believed in his profession, became convinced that his conversion was real, and herself accepted Christ, at his own invitation in the church service where he preached, and now happily works with him in his efforts to win men to Christ. He has a position that brings him in wages on an average of $100 a week, an item mentioned just to show that he is a man of ability.

A Converted Syrian

BY REV. GEO. C. DOOLITTLE, Ph. D., SIDON, SYRIA The year 1860 was a troublous time for the Province of Leb- anon in Syria. The war-like Druzes vented their long-time spite upon the Christians of that fair province, with the aid of the Turkish soldiers slaughtering thousands upon thousands of Maronites, Catholics and other Christians. Amidst these scenes of carnage and terror two children were born in a small village near Sidon, who were destined to exert a con- siderable influence in their village and neighborhood. Both of them were Maronites. One learned to read and write and figure, and became the agent of art influential family who owned lands and vineyards and houses. The other cared nothing for learning and was satisfied to spend his young man- hood in roisterous excitement in company with other such companions. These two smoked and drank together and concocted many schemes of deviltry and lawless procedure. They smuggled tobacco, and once nearly killed a man in so doing. Thus they grew to man's estate.

T,hen the Maronite Bishop of the district for some reason angered Eli- jah, who thereupon turned to the' American missionaries in Sidon and to the Protestant leaders, at first largely to spite his Bishop. The latter saw that he had estranged a man of some power and sought to recall him to the church, but it was too late. The evangelical teaching and life had made its impress. Elijah Cook (for so is his Arabic name translated) at the age of forty-two began to pick out in his copy of the Bible the letters and words and sentences and verses, and he persevered until he could read well enough to become an acceptable occasional helper in simple colportage and Bible reading in the surrounding villages. His entire life-currents became changed. Instead of telling and listening to idle tales and worse in the village groups, he devoted his spare minutes to reading God's word.

His children were reared in true Christian nurture, and one after an- other united with the Protestant Church. They were all farmers and day laborers and set a good example to those about them. Elijah was a pillar in the Protestant Church.

At the age of nearly sixty this godly man died, surrounded by his chil- dren. In his last hour he spoke tenderly to them, saying, "MY'death is near at hand and I desire to gain the mercy of God and beseech Him to bless you." Then he bowed in prayer with his children, raised his eyes toward heaven and said, "Oh my God-I beseech Thee to look upon me in' mercy and forgive all my sins and shortcomings,-upon me, a sinner. And stretch forth Thy merciful hand and bless this family old and young and grant them to grow in grace and to live together in harmony and love one for another, even as Thou hast loved us. Multiply them and enable them to grow in every good word and work that brings honor to Thy holy name, oh thou living God." He turned to his children, "Yes, my children, it is your duty to love one another and to reveal your love. And I also . beg of you to promise me in solemn covenant that you will always be on God's side, and may He ever be near to you. Thus shall I be comforted and my body will go down to the grave in peace and joy."

1084

of Welsh Baptist

BY T. FURNISTON. LLANGEFNI. WALES T HE Welsh Nation has produced missionaries of the highest rank, among whom the Welsh Baptists have been eminent in the performing of missionary duties, whether in preaching, scientific, philological, medical, or political departments. Welsh Baptist ministers have gained the eulogy of Empires-India and China.

Modern Welsh Baptist missionaries naturally divide themselves into three classes; namely, those who first entered the field, those who followed, superintending the missions already founded, and those who have lately gone out seeking fresh fields of success.

The Great Baptist Community in America, whether it be viewed as English, Welsh or German, was originated by Welsh Baptist refugees. Those churches known as the New England group, the Midland group, the Southern group and the Western group, all originated in the sons of Cambria. Dr. John Mason Peek, editor of the Western Pioneer, remarks, "The Welsh have been in every age the unflinching advocates of religious liberty; all our ideas and principles on this subject, deep seated as they are in the heart of the American people, are of Welsh origin."

A great leader who appeared in those times was the intrepid Roger Williams, a Welshman hailing from Carmarthenshire. According to Dr. Cathcart,. "he was the first man who founded a state where conscience could be entirely free." He also compiled a dictionary entitled The Key to the Indian Tongue, which to uSe his words~-" I prepared to support my memory lest I should forget what I have so dearly learnt in these last years. "

In another century appears Abel Morgan, a young man of great aptitude, who was born at Allt Goch, Cardiganshire. He settled in Philadelphia. It was he who founded the Baptist Home Missionary Society, and was the author of the first Welsh Scripture Concordance, which appeared seven years before that of Cruden in English.

About half a century after him appeared John Thomas, who was the first Christian missionary that ever entered Bengal. In November, 1800, he was requested to visit a man whose arm was dislocated. Having straightened the man's arm, Thomas inquired .of him as to his soul, and hopes for the future; whereupon the man wept bitterly and sighed.' In two days he appeared, desirous of 1085

entering into the mission house. The following month he was bap- tized, thereby being the first man who avowed Ohristianity in that pagan land.

About three years after his arrival, Thomas had translat~d the· Gospels of Matthew and of Mark, the Epistle of James, portions of Genesis and the Prophets. The first Ohristian hymns were translated by him, and it was he who together with Oarey and Fountain taught the natives the science of music. The first hymn introduced was a Welsh one translated by Thomas. He was the first European to protest against the terrible custom of compelling widows to ascend the funeral pill;', to be burn()d alive with the remains of their husbands.

In 1813 John Rowe was the first European missionary in Jamaica, where he found Moses Baker's Ohapel closed, and the congregation dispersed. The slave masters succeeded in having Rowe's license to preach withdrawn, whereupon he held a school and preached in his own house, thus ultimately conquering his opponents on the ground of public opinion. In 1814 Lewis Richaras, Horatio Jones, and other Welshmen founded the American Baptist Missionary Society. Noah Davise, born of W()lsh parents in Maryland, was the founder of the mighty movement known as the American Baptist Publication Society in 1823.

The great work of the second period was to strengthen advantages already obtained, and to extend operations. In the ever memorable meeting at Spa Fields, London, in 1832, through the eloquence of Dr. William Knibb of Burma, the great mass of people was completely overcome; so thrilling were his arguments, and so passionate were his appeals, that the vast concourse trembled, wept, and shouted alternately. Some timid Ohristian pulled the tail of his coat, advising him to desist, lest he should incur the frown of the authorities; and one Dr. Oampbellexclaimed: "This is a new period in the world's history." John Taylor Jones in 1833 entered Siam; and at the end of ten years, had completed a translation of the whole New Testament in the Siamese language. John Jenkins was in Brittany in 1834, and by this year had completely translated the New Testament into Breton, the first translation understood by the people. It was he also who compiled the first Breton Ohristian Hymn book. In 1851 an astounding incident occurred. As a party of young men traveled in Syria, near Damascus, they were suddenly surrounded by a band of armed men, who demanded that one named Randall should follow them, and that the others should go on their way. The demands had to be complied with. Randall was quickly· taken to the Sheikh's tent, where a wedding feast was provided. It turned. out that the S~eikh 's daughter, on seeing the young man passing, had fallen in love with

LABORS OF WELSH BAPTIST MISSIONARIES

him. Hence the object of this strange movement. He was continually watched. Escape was impossible. The two were wedded together after the Arabian style. Randall soon picked up the Arabic, Arsalia his wife adopting the English, and their children were taught both. To crown all, Christianity, the stranger's religion, became the religion of the tribe, and spread and was welcomed by the surrounding tribes. Randall himself had a Christian church of over there hundred members. In 1856 Thomas Evans, of Pembrokeshire, went to India. He preached in the Bazaars during the terrible year of 1857, when most Europeans feared to cross the streets. He stood in front of an adversary with an unsheathed sword and smashed an idol in the presence of Brahmans. He is known in India as the oldest temperance advocate living, and succeeded in getting one thousand natives in the Punjab alone to sign the pledge.

Missionaries of the third period are almost without exception still living. The first in order of time was Timothy Richard, a native of Carmarthenshire. It was he who first despatched a cablegram to England telling of the great famine that had overtaken the land of China; and the first person who received contributions to alleviate the universal distress. Two-thirds of the thousands of pounds that reached that suffering land were distributed through Richard's. own hands. He was also secretary of that noble enterprise, the Society for Promoting Christian and General Knowledge within the empire.

It seems presumptious to' offer a tribute of praise to men whose literal interpretations of the calls of duty have placed them almost beyond the reach of popular commendation; but anyone who has seen the lives that these men have led cannot fail to feel proud of being able to claim them as countrymen of his own.

A mighty host of missionaries have by God's blessing discharged the most important duties on the great mission field, and have collectively proved themselves competent philologists, preachers, translators, tutors, philanthropists, statesmen and reformers.

Wherein lay the strength of this tribe of Benjamin? In its number, or in its trust in the Lord 1 Shall the missionary flag be recalled 1 Shall we at this time of the day, sound a retreat? God forbid. Rather than recall our services we shall have the African forests thrilled with our Lord's command, we shall convert the desert of Sahara into a garden of the Lord, we shall have India a vineyard for our God, China shall be a school of the prophets, and we shall convert the Congo into a Jordan, and will proceed to baptize the whole world in the Name, and in the Service of Him whose it is. "And they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars forever and ever." Daniel xii: 3.

Forces. In

It would be strange if in a great country like China there were not strong elements contending for the mastery. The forces for righteousness, on the one hand, include the Christian leaders, native and foreign, and cooperating with them are many who seek China's· physical and social welfare, but are not yet dominated by the spiritual forces of the Kingdom of God. It is not always easy to distinguish the forces drawing the people Godward from those that keep them from surrender to God. China's millions, in a recent number calls attention to some of the movements which the writer believes to' be menacing the future welfare of China, and appropriately asks for prayers that these forces may be overruled. Among them are the following: The Military Peril.-Some who are in a position to judge say that there are probably. one and a half million men at the present time under arms in China, involving an expenditure of from two to three hundred million dollars per annum to the nation, an impoverishing burden to a comparatively poor country. Civil strife has actually developed into a lucrative industry with not a few of the military leaders, and there ooes not appear, humanly speaking, much prospect of improvement.

The Student Movement, while not without its elements of promise, is also attended by many dangers. To quote the words of a well-known Chinese, "Their loose discipline at school, their disobedience of teachers' instructions, their defiance of superiors, their inclination to run the school themselves, and the attempt of some adventurers to take advantage of the unusual situation and get a little selfish amusement for themselves, are things which should be shunned. But who is going to tell them?"

The Menace of Bolshevism.-The Soviet Government of Moscow has. according to the London Times, renounced all treaties with China made by the late Tsar's Government. Extra-territoriality, the Russian tea factories at Hankow and all other concessions are by the Soviet renounced and handed back to· China, while the services of the Russian Red Army are offered to deliver China from all foreign oppression and ambition. Though this whole subject belongs to that political domain about which we prefer not to comment, it would be folly to neglect making such a subject a matter of earnest prayer.

The Opium Peril.-A very serious recrudescence of opium cultivation is taking place in China today. Further, large quantities of morphia still. find their way into China from this country, via America and Japan, and Indian opium also indirectly reaches China from India. Sir Francis Aglen, Inspector-General of Chinese Maritime Customs, has recently stated that during 1919 twenty-one tons of opium and four hundredweights of morphia were seized by the Customs, and this only represents an infinitesimal fraction of what he states is smuggled through.

Surely it is an appropriate time to launch the movement known under the name of "China for Christ," in which Chinese Christians have been moved to attempt a great forward movement with a view to carrying the Christian message to every village in China within the next five years. Pray for the success of this movement.

1088

God's Will for the Moslem World*

By REv. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT "The Christian watchwords "Love. 469 in a celebrated treatise on Mo- Joy, Peace," are not those of the hammedan law, written in the tenth Moslem world. Instead of joy, the century, printed and translated in our Moslem hearts today are filled with a day, and published in London as a great sorrow, and instead of peace, text-book for law schools and colthe newspapers tell of wars and leges, we read: rumors of wars between Mohammedans and non-Mohammedans all "Infidels should be forbidden to have the way from MorocCO' to Judea. So houses higher than those of their Moslem we need not deceive ourselves at the neighbors, or even to have them as highoutset by imagining that the Moham- a rule, however, that does not apply to inmedan problem after the war and fidels who inhabit separate quarters. An after the Pea<;e Treaty is any more infidel subject of our Sovereign may not easy f.om the human standpoint than ride a horse, but a donkey or a mule is it was before. permitted him, whatever may be its value, He must use an ikaf and wooden spurs, There is no part of the world which those of iron being forbidden, as well as has felt the effect of the war more a saddle. He must go to the side of the deeply upon its institutions, its gov- road to let the Moslem past. He must not ernmental ideals, and its hopes than be treated as a person of importance, nor the Moslem world. The earthquake given the first place at a gathering. He shock has been felt from the center should be distinguished by a suit of colored to the, very -circumference. The Mo- cloth and a girdle outside his clothes. If hammed'ans in China, as well as the he enters a bathing-house where there are Mohammedans of Morocco, are talk- Moslems, or if he undresses anywhere else ing about the result3 of this war on in their presence, the infidel should wear Islam. It is a world which is disap- round his neck an iron or leaden necklace, pointed, distracted, disillusioned, sor- or some other mark of servitude. He is rowing, expectant, but also defiant. forbidden to offend Moslems either by It is a world that is disappointed and making them hear his false doctrines or by distracted because of divided counsels speaking aloud of Esdras or of the Mesand unfulfilled hopes, centering on siah, or by ostentatiously drinking wine or the one hand in the Khalif, and cen- eating pork And infidels are forbidden to tering on the other hand in the suc- sound the bells of their churches or of cess of Germany or the Powers of their synagogues, or celebrating ostenta- Central Europe, which proved a fail- tiously their sacrilegious rites." ure. T.hat is an ideal of Mohammedan Hearts are disappointed, and public law; which has become absolutely opinion among Mohammedans is di,;- subverted by the course of centuries, and especially by the effects of this tracted regarding the future. One war. has only to read the Moslem Pressas far as we still have a Moslem Press The Calcutta Moslem, a leading -to see what they are thinking, and what they are saying. Things as Mohammedan paper, dated January they ought to be are described in Mo- 9, 1920, says in an editorial: hammedan law books in the sections that deal with the poll-tax to be re- "We have no hesitation in charquired from non-Moslems. On page acterizing those who profess to be Moslems who had the heart and the audacity to join the Peace Celebra- tions, in spite of the fetive of the Ulamas to the contrary, as no better than traitors to Islam."

One need not go any further than • A Missionary Address Delivered at Keswick, England, Wednesday, July 21, and printed in UThe Life of Faith."

1089

those two extracts to make it clear to Old Testament, to its heroism, to its any thinking man, that if we will do devotion, to its martyrdom, to its the reasonable thing and the Christian hope deferred that made many hearts thing, and try to put ourselves in the sick, was simply this, the will of God. place of those people for a single mo- It girded them for every battle, it ment, we will feel as we have never strengthened them in every trial, it felt before-that we stand before a kept them with their faces set like a new Mohammedan world that is dis- flint instead of ever disappointing. tracted and disillusioned and dis- When we turn to the New Testament tressed as it never has been. The it is the key to the life of Jesus Christ leading Mohammedan paper pub- our Lord. He says: lished at Woking, near London, said this was the blackest Lent month that "I delight to do Thy will, 0 God. the Mohammedan world had ever ex- My meat is to do the will of My perienced. Father; he that doeth the will of My Father is My brother and My sister It is also a sorrowing world. En- and My mother." tirely apart from the fact of their religion, Moslem World stands for fam- And when we pray say this, when ine, and pestilence, and suffering, and you pray for the Mohammedan world, poverty, and orphans, and widows. say this, "Our Father, Thy will be Back of those two hundred millions done"-the good and acceptable and are sorrows as deep as the sorrows of perfect will of God. The will of God Belgium or of Northern France, or is not something negative but someof the homes of England that still thing that is active and eager and agare looking for comfort. This Mo- gressive. In the cemetery of St. hammedan world is a world that was John's Church in Keswic.k there are a never so responsive, never so expect- number of graves bearing the beautiant as it now is. From every spot ful inscription, "Thy will be done," with which I have correspondence, and there is a place among the dead from Western China and Morocco, and among those who mourn for that and Algeria, from Egypt, and Meso- petition, but Jesus Christ never gave potamia, and even darkest Arabia, us that petition to pray in graveyards; there come accounts of hospitals over- He gave us that petition to pray face crowded, of schools packed with Mos- to face with the living world of men lem children eager for books of cul- and suffering humanity, and Madame ture, whose record sale is higher to Guyon, with her beautiful, mystic con- Mohammedans than ever before the ception of the Christian faith, has war. The Bible Society as a climax given us a great hymn which all of us tells us that the circulation of the love, but which is only half true. Word of God was never so abundant, so free, so eager as it has been since Upon God's will I lay me down, August, 1914. Like child upon its mother's breast.

This great Moslem world: with all It is a beautiful thought, to rest, its needs, with all its disappointments, to sleep, to be absolutely quiescent, and with the terrible neglect of thir- and let God do His will with us, the teen centuries, stands before us, and surgeon's knife to do as it pleases with we may ask ourselves only one ques- the patient. But that is not the whole truth; that is not the way in which tion, which is fundamental-What is He prayed that prayer in Gethsemane, when He three times said, "Thy will, the will of God for the Moslem world not Mine, be done." It was not the today? What is the will of God for will of submission, but to arise and you and me, face to face with the un- face the band and Judas; and Caiafinished task outlined before us in phas, and the High Priest and Pilate, these days? To a Christian man, to and He poured out His soul unto a Christian woman, that is the only death, to do the will of God. thing that matters. The key to the

1920J COD'S WILL FOR THE MOSLEM WORLD

I like the interpretation of God's Old Testament, the covenants of will face to face with the Mohamme- God's grace and love. We _know dan world that one of our American God's will for the Mohammedans. poets, John Hay, has given. He was a statesman rather than a poet, but First of all, there is the eternal purhe was also a poet, and when he was pose which He purposed in Christ in China unraveling that great tangle Jesus our Lord. Some years ago I of international relations and standing was sitting face to face with a Mo- for righteousness and handing back hammedan, and being very keen to the Boxer indemnity, and trying to find out what his idea was of the goal . straighten out the tangle of Moham- of history and of the fulcrum and medanism and Paganism and Cathol- pivot of its tangled and human con- icism in the Philippine Islands, then ceptions, without showing him the it was that John Hay, our statesman, cover of the book, I opened my New wrote a stray poem for the New York Testament in Arabic, and read a por- Independent, entitled "Thy will be tion of the first chapter of the Epistle done," and these were his words: to the Colossians, which has no proper noun for our Lord, but only pro- Not in dumb resignation we lift our hands nouns. "He is before all things, and on high, by Him all things consist. .It pleased Gor! that in Him should all fulness Not like the nerveless fatali~t content to dwell. And having reconciled all trust and die, things unto Himself"-and so on. Then I paused and said," Who is it?" Our faith soars like an eagle and springs Just as naturally he said, "Mahomet, to meet the sun, the prophet of God." There is the difference_ The eternal purpose And cries exulting· unto Thee, "Oh, God, which God purposed in Christ Jesus Thy will be done." is God's plan for the universe; as Ten- nyson puts it: When tyrant feet are trampling upon the common weal, The one far off Divine event To which the whole creation moves. Thou dost not bid us cringe and writhe beneath the iron heel.

In God's 'name we assert our rights, By sword, by tongue, by pen; And e'en the headsman's axe can flash Gqd's message unto men.

"Thy will," it bids the weak be strong, Shall we sit still when all creation It bids the strong be just; moves to crown Him King· of kings No hand to beg, no lip to fawn, No brow to kiss the dust. and Lord of lords? Wherever man oppresses man, We know God's will not only from Beneath Thy liberal sun, Oh God, be there, Thine arm make bare, His eternal purpose of redemption, Thy righteous will be done. but we know God's will very clearly from His commands. You cannot If we pray the prayer in that fash- tear from the New Testament the ion, we can understand the speaking great commission four times repeated; of God in history. We can under- and whatever the g-reat commission stand the thunder of the artillery at might mean for the South Sea Islands, the Dardanelles. We can read the or for North and South America, or daily paper, and with fear and trem- undiscovered continents, the great bling in the midst of war and rumors commission was given in sight of the of war, still say, "Oh God, God of Near East. The great commission Vengeance, shine forth, Thy will be rang out from Jerusalem to Judea, done." and to Samaria, and to the uttermost parts of the Roman Empire; and' Considering those two hundred millions scattered over the great Eastern whatever Jesus Christ intended, He world, what is the will of God for never intended that the flag and the the Mohammedans? It is not hard kingdom of a usurper should be to answer that question, if we take in our hands the New Testament and the supreme. In the third place there is a gra-

cious promise. I have often thought "Our Father," we call Him. His that God's promises are like promis- character includes at least these three- sory notes given to us at the time of things-a God of truth, and a God of our greatest need. We send our purity, and a God of absolute com- notes and cheques to certain banks passion. He is a God of truth-of to meet certain needs or obligations. truth, I say, and every truth that you I thank God, the Father of our Lord believe and every truth for which you Jesus Christ, that He has kept back are ready to die has been denied, has in reserve as the greatest and most been subverted, has been distorted for definite and most glorious the prom- 1,300 years among these 200 million ise for the Mohammedan world. In people. The authority of God's Holy the 72d Psalm, or the 60th of Isaiah, Word, the Deity of God's only beloved we see the promises that have been Son, the personality and the power of scattered in the Minor Prophets ami the Holy Spirit, the cruciality of the the Major Prophets. And why? I Cross, nay, the very fact that Christ know not, except for this crisis, that died for our sins, has been denied all these unfulfilled promises center in every mosque for thirteen cen- absolutely and definitely in the lands turies, from Teheran to Tangier, from where now there is crisis between Zanzibar to Petrograd, where the Christ and Mahomet. "All the flocks mosques of fifteen million Russians of Kedar shall be gathered together are represented. All over that Mo- unto thee; the rams of Nebaoith shall hammedan world they turn to the minister unto thee, they shall come up chapter in the Koran where it says with acceptance on Mine altar." . . . they did not crucify Him, they did not "He–not Mahomet-He shall run slay Him.

from sea to sea and from the Euphra- I f God is the God of truth and we tes to the ends of the earth." What are disciples of truth, what eagerness will we do with the promises of God there ought to be in our hearts to -trample on them, or claim them face shrivel the falsehood from the souls to face with this baffling task? of men by the patient, by the tactful, Then we know the will of God for by the loving proclamation of God's the, Mohammedan world,. not only eternal truth. .Unless we are pre- from I:Iis command, and His purpose, pared to put footnotes in our hymn- and His promise, but as Dr. Robert book and crown Him Lord of all, Speer has shown us so conclusively, except in the Mohammedan world, from the very character of God. You and put footnotes in our New Testa- have said it all when you have said, ment and say that Jesus Christ is "Our Father," and may God forgive supreme above all except Mahomet, us if we ever are guilty of the un- we are in duty bound to proclaim the pardonable sin of limiting the Father- truth of the everlasting Christ among hood of God. The elder brother tried all nations, beginning in the Near that, and he wa~ not blessed; and if East. God is the God of purity; and any church or section of the church, if He sent a physician to Cuba, or if my heart or portion of my heart, some Eastern city cursed by bad shuts out anything that is human from sanitation, by evil c,ustoms, by a great the love of God, I have no right to cloud of sickness and miasma and call God "My Father." Like as a death that hovers over the population, father pitieth his children, so the Lord that physician needs no special in- pitieth these Mohammedans-though struction; he simply follows the bent they are yet a great way off, He sees of his mind-his keenness to clean them; around Mecca with all the things up, to purify, to produce clean- blood of bulls and goats, and how He ness where there is uncleanness. And wonders that no one goes there and God is the God of purer eyes than to points out the Lamb of God that look down upon the homes of the taketh away the sin of the world. Near East .and the hearts of Moham-

GOD'S WILL FOR THE MOSLEM WORLD

medans and the awful abyss of horror from His messengers. It is not posand sensuality in their everyday liter- sible to mistake God's program toature, without His heart being moved day. After the Boxer uprising in with passion for purity and for holi- China a newspaper as reliable and as ness. There is no section of the non· sober and as dignified as the London Christian world where the horrors of Times made this statement, that the Islam are not found where you have time had now come to withdraw the rnissionarie3 from China, because it Mohammedans. had proved evidently unsafe to send Missionaries have been guilty of a out, at least, unmarried or women missionaries to that great empire. Inconspiracy of silence. We cannot stead of being the time for withspeak; we would not tell of what our drawal, it was God's hour to burst eyes have seen, and our e;lrs have out a revival in the Fuhkien province, heard, of that which is impure and where the number of the martyrs had unholy. The first chapter of Romans been the greatest. Does God cut His is a faithful description of every Mo- ploughshare into human hearts and hammedan city in the Near East, as I not send the sower? Did you ever have seen them. God is the God of receive from God's hand chastisement compassion. The same Jesus who without God following that by the gathered the children in His arms is seed of His word and the seed of looking out in compassion, over His truth? Mohammedans have been heart-broken, they are heartthe world. Eighty million Moham- 'broken today, they do not need conmedan children under fourteen years troversy but charity, they do not of age; forty million little girls just need condemnation but compassion; as beautiful and attractive and lov- they are waiting for God's truth, and able as your own children and mine; the doors everywhere are off their and He said it were better that a mill- hinges. stone were hung around our necks than be guilty of shutting out these Every Mohammedan land, and millions from the love of God. every section of the Moslem world- China, India, Malaysia-is caIling for Not a 3ingle woman missionary, or workers and for an advanced pro- gram as never before. God is man, has gone to any village in the leading us into a great evangelistic Near East among those Mohamme- campaign for the conquest of the dans, and opened the arms of love in Moslem world in our day, and we a little day-school, without these chil- know it from God's message. dren flocking there, day after day, for picture and story, and for the trans- There is not a cemetery in Palesformation of character and the re- tine or Syria or Persia or Egypt or generation of life by the power of Morocco or Algeria, and scarcely a God's Spirit. You cannot keep the cemetery outside the walls of any city children away from the missionaries. or village where you cannot see monu- They flock around them. One cannot ment3 of the pioneers, of the men who take a photograph of one of the mis- years ago poured out their souls unto sionaries in Arabia or Algeria or death and made intercession for the Morocco without chasing away the transgressors and bore the sins of children if he wants a picture of the those people on their hearts, and cried missionary alone. And, God forgive unto God and laid down their lives -pioneers in medicine, pioneers in us, when He has opened the door of education and in every branch of access to Mohammedan 'childhood, Christian effort. I f we do not comthat schools are still waiting for teach- plete their task, if we are silent, the ers and entire districts are waiting for stones will cry out, "The evangelizathe pioneers who will first gather the tion of the Moslem world in your little children into the arms of JeSU3 Christ. But we know God's will far more from His program in history and

generation! Take up the task that this great, baffling task we .will find we laid down!" that God's will for us is good and Then I think of workers on the acceptable and perfect.

borders of the Moslem world, on the The Mohammedan world is waiting far stretches of the great spiritual not for big finance, but for big faith; battlefields. Women are holding en- the Mohammedan world is waiting to- tire sections of the line; men unsup- day not for spectacular ;reports of ported are carrying on hospitals and things that may be or might be, but churches; men and women are travel- for great sacrificial obedience. The ing vast distances, and opening out Mohammedan world challenges us new areas, and planning new con- with God's mandatory, and instead of quests for Jesus Christ our Lord. discussing the mandatory of our coun- The Armenian Church and the try, America's for Armenia, or Brit- Churches of the Near East are gazing ain's for Mesopotamia, or France's for for the rising dawn, and hoping Palestine and Syria, let us turn the against hope, and at last the hour has pages of God's Book and look at that struck for the triumph of the King- great mandatory sealed with His dom of our Lord. The Christians of blood, spoken by His loving voice, in- Damascus, after AlIenby's army carnated by His own passion, to entered, pointed to the old inscrip- watch the Near East, and, following tion engraven in the rock there: "Thy that mandatory of God, let us ask kingdom, 0 Christ, is an everlasting God what is His will for us now for kingdom, and Thy dominion from the Mohammedan world.

generation to generation." Armen- We can do three things for that ian nurses, nursing Turkish soldiers, world-we can carry it in the arms wiped away their tears, saying, "How of prayer, and if we will study its long, 0 God, how long? Thy king- needs, we can enter that world by dom come and Thy will be done in means of self-sacrifice in giving and Armenia, as it is in heaven." consecration in supporting workers, Men and women are standing with and in thrusting out laborers, and we a "stub of a sword," overworked and ourselves can say, "Lord, what underpaid, but faithful unto death wouldst Thou have me to do?" Then, until Jesus Christ, and not the Board, if we are quiet long enough, we will shall give them the Crown of Life; hear the still small voice. That 'was and you and I know God's will for the mistake into which Elijah nearly ourselves today. face to face with fell, for a great and mighty wind rent that Moslem world. "What is your the mountain, and then an earthquake responsibility when you pray "Thy shook it, and fire burnt the rocks. kingdom come, Thy will be done on Elijah siknced them all, and heard earth," in the Mohammedan world? the still, small voice saying to him, What have you done to execute the "Elijah, what doest thou here?"

will of God as lightning does, and ac- What are you doing here? Finish complish His purpose for these Mo- the work of those Elijahs and Elishas hammedan hearts? God is leading us who are toiling or have toiled in the into a great crusade of compassion for Near East. I beseech you, on behalf our Mohammedan brothers and our of this great Mohammedan world, to Mohammedan sisters, and anyone of utter only one prayer-that God will us today who will gird himself or her- use all your strength and all your self into this great crusade of com- time and all your talents to help solve passion will find, as Paul did when he the problems of the Near East, until said, "I beseech you that ye present the kingdoms of Mahomet shall beyour bodies a living sacrifice," will come. not politically, but spiritually, find, as Paul did, that once we put the Kingdom of our Lord and of His ourselves on the altar of service for Christ.

~~" – .B..-ES-Tb~M'EuTwH"O",.D…'S,"." '@

MRS. E. C. CRONK, EDITOR, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK THE ABBREVIATED ANGELIC ANTHEM Two thousand years ago an angel of the Lord came to shepherds on Judean hills with a message for which the world throughout the ag-es had waited. The glory of the Lord shone round about them as the angel said: "Fear not; for behold I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people."

In our Christmas thinking and planning and training we have put a period instead of a comma after "joy." We have dwelt on the "good tidings of great joy" and have lost sight of the commission in "which shall be to all people."

Nat with booming of cannon and glare of fireworks; not with feasting and frolic; not with a mere exchange of gifts among friends; not even with the repetition of the Christmas story and the singing of the Christmas carols in our own homes and in our own churches, can we celebrate aright the birthday of aur Lord. If we would truly understand His coming to earth we must lift our eyes also to those millions of the "all people" of the angels' message who have never yet heard of His coming. We must remember those "other sheep" which were always in the heart of the Good Shepherd.

In the Christmas celebrations in our homes and' in our churches let us take out the period we have placed in the angels' message. I.,et us not have a full stop of our Christmas spirit and our Christmas celebrations after the joy of the good tidings that have been brought to us, but in our homes, in our church services, and in our'Christmas giving, have before us an unabbreviated angelic anthem which reaches to the ends of the earth and to "all people."

THE ENTHRONEMENT OF THE no room for our King in them. It RIGHTFUL KING is not the name of the Lord Jesus which our children lisp. When we "Who was born on Christmas?" say "Christmas" they respond "Santa Claus." questioned a Sunday-school teacher Being a person whose convictions in a primary department. There was are active rather than passive she talked with the Sunday-school Superno difference of opinion. The eager, intendent and the pastor. They were in full agreement with her. At the little faces were all upturned to ·her. meeting of the officers and teachers she proposed that they depose the "Santa Claus" led one voice usurper to the Christmas throne, Santa Claus, and enthrone the Lord above the rest and unanimously they Christ: that they practice the text they had preached, "It is more blesschimed- . ed to give than to receive," by train- "Santa Claus."

That Sunday in her room the teacher read bver again the Christ- mas story.

"Our Christmas celebrations have come to be as was that over-crowded inn," she said to herself. "There is 1095

ing their Sunday-school to give in- by the officers and teachers and the stead of to receive at Christmas giving was carefully directed. With time. There were objections and ob- every pupil the gift of self and of jectors but her plan finally carried. service was emphasized. One class promised many hours a week to be On Christmas evening the largest used as the teacher should direct. number of scholars that had ever Two young men at that Christmas attended a service was present. The time made the decision to give them- church was decorated in white and selves for missionary service. ·green. Two slender graceful trees stood in front. They were trimmed These gifts were not announced, only with little tufts of white cotton but were recorded on slips of paper and with sheen of glistening silver placed in envelopes. At the close of sprinkled over them. Between them the service the whole congregation hung a large silver star outlined with sang "All hail the power of Jesus' white electric lights. The regular name." lights were turned on as the congre- gation assembled and during the first The next Sunday a primary part of the service. As the Christ- teacher questioned her class. mas story was told they were turned off and the lights outlining the star ""Vho was born on Christmas ?" were turned on. The pulpit and altar There was no difference of opinion. furniture had white hangings. The eager little faces were all up- turned to her. Unanimously they The meaning of the "White Christ- answered, "The little Lord Jesus!" mas" was explained by a girl dressed and she was content. in white who recited the story of "White Gifts for the King." TWO LITTLE STORIES OF CIIRISTMAS The story of Christmas was told by Scripture passages recited from The Marbles in the Pockets memory by different classes and de- partments as assigned. There was The Committee was packing a box the singing of the Christmas hymns by the school from the little begin- to go to war refugees. At Christmas ners on up to the Bible classes. For weeks before they had been memoriz- the children had brought garments as ing Scripture and hymns. their gifts. Some brought clothes Then there was a ten minute mis!1ionary talk on Christmas for the they had outgrown. Others who had whole wide world by a woman who knew how to give a Christmas mis- two coats had decided they would sionary message. give one to some boy or girl who The interest centered as before around the Christmas gifts. But this had none. time the children were not waiting . expectantly to see a Santa Claus As a member of the' Committee come out to make funny remarks and distribute his favors. Each little folded a boy's coat she felt some- heart was full of the true joy of giv- ing. For many days before, the thing hard in the pocket. teachers had carefully planned with their classes the white gifts they "Better tum these pockets inside would bring. Some brought medical supplies for Mission Hospitals; some out, I suppose,'" she said. "They came with provisions for the needy in their own city; various needs at may be full of chewing gum or even home and abroad had been studied bread and j;lm."

She thrust her hand in the pocket and brought out a torn handker- chief in which were wrapped five marbles. A note scrawled in a boy's hand was in the pocket. She read: Jrw_"-,'->,,,q: T,,' :' ~'. II j "Dear boy who gets this coat, I have eight marbles. First I put in four for you. Then I put in another one. I hope you wi! like the coat-and the marbles. From your little friend, JOHN."

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I looked at those four marbles and . could go around with our old crowd at the fifth one that had been added and hear them sing Christmas carols after a struggle to be generous and through the village just for today, I thought of the marble-less pockets I'd be ready for anything by to- in the presents that we give. morrow morning."

Anyone can give away an out- They seemed very much alone, grown coat. It's the marbles in the these two young students who two pockets, the personal thought, the years before had swept the honors sharing of our treasures, the addi- of their college and then "buried tion .of something that isn't really themselves in Africa," a~ some of necessary that makes the coat most the neighbors said.

precious. I fancied I saw some dear "Close your eyes and make be- little chap who was hungry and cold lieve everything you want to be," said getting that coat. He had suffered Ted. It was one of their favorite much and his eyes were tired and -recreations. .

listless. I saw hirn put on the coat So it was that they did not see the and suddenly as his hand went into approach of the missionary from a the pocket I saw his eyes brighten. near-by station until he shouted, If you have a coat to give put "Wake up, you dreamers; it's Christ- marbles in the pocket. mas morning."

Canned ChrIstmas Greetings The two men who' were with him carried a large box. "I've kept this "If only J'heodore and Peggy were box without peeping in it ever since here" said one of the members of I brought it over last month but I a merry Christmas house party. have instructions to send you out to "Think of those poor chaps cele- the jungle while I open it in your brating their Christmas over in the house, so out with you until I call heart of Africa! I'd give every cent you." A little later they were led I have to be able to have this crowd blind-folded into their house.

shout 'Merry Christmas' to them and Then suddenly a voice shouted share with them our Christmas carols "Merry Christmas, Peggy, Merry and joy." Christmas Ted" and father's hearty "I have it" shouted one of the laugh filled the little room with its boys; "We can do just that thing. old-time contagion. Before they We will have a great surprise for old could realize what had happened Ted and his wife ready by next mother's voice was calling "God bless Christmas." you, my children, on this Christmas One year from that day a mis- day." Then she sang "0 Little Town sionary in Africa stood in his door- of Bethlehem."

way with his young wife, looking out "Christmas gift, Peggy," shouted over the hills. Harry.. They tore away the blind- "I am not a bit sorry that we folds and springing toward the Vic- came, Ted," she said. "I would not trola they fairly hugged it as a child's give up and go home for anything. voice called "Me, too. I want to I love the work and my heart is full say Merry Christmas to my Peggy of joy, but just for today~if only we and my Teddy-boy, and sing 'Away could be home, just this one day of in a Manger' for them."

all the year! I'd give anything to hear Tears of sheer joy filled their eyes father's 'Merry Christmas' and as baby Bess sang her little Christ- mother's Christmas carols. What's mas hymn. One after another the Christmas, Teddy-boy, without mother greetings from the home folks fol- to sing '0 little town of Bethlehem.' lowed· in this wonderful composite If only I could hear dear little Bess record. Harry had just begun his sing 'Away in a Manger,' and Harry violin lessons before they sailed and shout 'Christmas Gift, Peggy.' If I he played a few bars of Silent Night.

With shining eyes the young mis- ,·tltlrch and heard after their own sionaries sat in the family ,,::- 6ervice the wonderful music of the Christmas time as it was sung in "Oh how did they do 1L [' said the white man's country. Peggy as the record was rinished. "Put it in right over again!" And two happy missionaries went to sleep that night cheered for the "Patience, fair lady," said the tasks of the coming days by the g-uest, "My program is but begun." thoughtfulness of a group of young folks at home who did not forget Another record began "The presen- them, but who began a year ahead tation speech will now be made by to wish them a happy Christmas. our most noble citizen, Mr. Borace Manly Price." (Applause.) A LIVING CHRISTMAS TREE "Ladies and Gentlemen: We have In an article in the Church School, not in our midst today as we are Josephine L. Bald.win gives this plan accustomed tritely to say, but out of for a living Christmas tree: our midst two of our most noble citizens and best loved comrades, I need (0 …….. scarcely to mention the names of Mr. The children 111 the elementary and Mrs. Theodore Page." Wild ap- departments of this Sunday-school plause drowned the balance of the had each been asked to fill a stocksentence. The presentation speech ing and to put in it as nearly as they was interrupted by three spontaneous could the things they would like to cheers for "Peggy and Ted" which find in their own Christmas stocking. the record tran'!;mitted so clearly the The stockings were provided that listeners could almost see Nat Horton they might be of a uniform size; spring up to lead them. small, coarse, net ones for the be- ginners, larger ones for the primary "Since we can not bring our com- children and a pair of children's rades into our midst today we, with stockings for each junior, one to be Mahomet-like wisdom, will arise and filled and the other sent with it. As go unto their midst. This Victrola is the juniors differed widely in ability presented to our dear friends, Mr. to give, it was decided to have them and Mrs. Theodore Page, with the accumulate a general store of things everlasting love of the following who at the church and meet there to fill will, as it were, make an autograph the stockings. They had the happiest copy of it by each calling his or her own name and giving not more than two sentences of greeting."

Tqe names and the greetings followed in rapid succession. Then the master of ceremonies announced "one verse only" by the old quartet, and there was a final speech by one of the girls and a medley of Christmas greetings and the record. was done. Then they opened the book of records. A Christmas note was fastened to each one. Some had been given by old schoolmates, some by members of their families. There was One from a Sunday-school class and another from a Young Peopte's Society. Some especial1y fine ones came from a little musical club to which they had belonged.

During the day the people from the Mission gathered in the little

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kind of times popping corn, making those who saw them and the slight molasses candy, dressing dolls, and motions that they could not help making paper dolls. The teachers making as they held the branches brought oranges and nuts, and the made the tinsel sparkle and gleam boys made and brought a number of entrancingly. small toys. The stockings were filled to overflowing when the time came A substantial frame, strong enough and there was enough left to send a to bear a considerable weight was large donation to the Home for the made on the plan of the old-fashioned Friendless. On the night of the flower stands of which our grand- Christmas entertainment a screen for mothers were so fond. The shelves pictures with curtains at either side were half circles, the lower one being hid the back of the platform from about six feet in diameter. There view. As the story of Christmas was were six of these shelves, f'~,~h shown by the stereopticon, appro- smaller than the one below, 'lIe top priate carols were 'Sung and scripture one being only large enough to hold recited, and the simplicity and beauty one child. A ha'f ':Irc!e was cut out of it all led the adults present to of this top step to take in the trunk assert over and over again that that of the Christmas tree. A -tree about was the most perfect Christmas cele- thIrty feet high had been bought bration they had ever seen. The and the branches cut o.ff to within closing tableau formed a fitting cli- three or four feet of the top. This max. When the screen and curtains top was trimmed and then the whole were withdrawn, a huge Christmas was finally fastened into the frame tree was seen, bright with tinsel and of the steps and the branches that other glittering decorations. But best were cut off were trimmed. These and most surprising of all, between branches were held by the children the brrtilches a score or more of on the steps and then around the lowest step the larger boys were stationed, each boy holding a tiny tree by one of its branches, so that these trees took the place of the low branches that sometimes almost sweep the ground. The effect was of a perfectly shaped very large Christ- mas tree, and those who saw it said it was one of the most beautiful tableaux they had ever seen.

SIDNING OF THE CHRISTMAS STAR .1 A PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN ~ Arranged by LAURA SCHI>RER COPENHAVER I and children's faces were seen. Their KATHARINE SCHERER CRONK happy smiles gladdened the hearts of PROCESSIONAL: "Come Hither Ye Faithful." (Sung by choir and school or Mission Rind, as they enter and take their places reserved in front of audi- torium.) RESPONSIVE SERVICE: (Either the regu- lar service of the Sunday School Hymnal or a special responsive service led by pastor or superintendent.) CAROL: "0 Little Town of Bethlehem." Bmul RECl'tA'rIONS A1'."'Il CAROLS: (The Bible Verses should be recited each by

one child or by different groups of chil- shine and the trees glisten with light dren, or a chorus of voices may say the lines in italics and a single voice the They brought the children they knew other lines.) and loved the most. (Re-enter chil- dren leading other children by the hand RECITATION: There were Shepherds They point to the trees and to the Star. abiding in the field, keeping watch over All took up expectantly.) Now the Christtheir flocks by night. mas Star would shine and the trees glisten R£CITATION: And an angel of the Lord with light! But the Star did not shine and stood by them, and the glory of the Lord the trees were dark. shone round about them: and they were sore afraid. CHII,D TO SPIRIT OF CHRISTMAS : We have brought all the children. Can you RECITATION: And the angel said unto them, "Be not afraid: for behold I bring tell us why the Star does not shine and you good tidings of great joy which shall the trees do not glisten with light? be to all the people for there is born to you t1m day in the city of David a SPIRIT OF CHRISTMAS: Many years ago Saviour, who is Christ the Lot'd. when the Christmas angel came to earth And this is the sign unto you: Ye there shone a great light as he said shall find a babe wrapped in swaddling clothes and lying in a manger. to the shepherds: "Be not afraid: for behold I bring you good tidings of great R&CITATION: And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the joy which shall be to ALL the people." heavenly host praising God, and saying, Where are the re!ft of the children? R&CITATION: "Glory to God in the There are only a few here. The shining highest; and on earth peace, good will toward men." of the Christmas Star and the glistening of the Christmas trees are for ALL. CAROl,: "Silent Night." READ&R: Then the children looked at Wben the Star Shone each other and tried to think where they A Christmas Story to be told by a reader could find other children. and played by the children CHII,D: I know some little children who (Enter Reader.) make flowers for hats. I had not thought of them. I will bring them. (Runs out) READIlR: There was once a beautiful cluster of Christmas trees. Above them 2ND CHILD: I know some boys who hung a great star. The children gathered work in the coal mines. I thought they around the trees. (Enter children who gather round the trees and look up e:o- had to work all day so I did not ask them pectantly) , and waited for the light of to come. (Runs out) the Star and the shining of the trees, but the Star did not shine and the trees 3RD CHII,D: I know some little girls who were dark. could not come because they must take CHII,D: What is the matter that the care of their baby brothers and sisters Star does not shine and the trees are all day while their mothers work. May dark? I bring them? (Spirit of Christmas waves assent and child runs out). READER: I can not tell. We will ('all the Spirit of Christmas. (Enter girl 4TH· CHII,D: I know some children who dressed in white robe. She may be called by four trumpeters with gilded work in factories but their clothes are trumpets or may enter wilh{ll,t call.) patched. May they come too? (Spirit of Christmas waves assent and child runs out). CHII,D: Can you tell us why the Christmas Star does not shine and why the R&ADER·: So the children went out to trees are dark? bring the other children they knew who SPIRIT O~ CHRISTMAS: Many years ago when the Christmas angel came to earth had not been invited to see the Christthere shone a great light as he said to the shepherds, "Be not afraid: for be- mas trees. They hunted on the streets hold I bring you good tidings of great and in factories and shops. They went joy which shall be to all the people." into mines and mills and searched many Where are the rest of the children? There are only a few here. The shining dark rooms. Then they ran gaily back of the Christmas Star and the glistening of the Christmas trees are for ALL. leading the other children they .had found. (Enter children leading children RltADIlR: Then the children went out in overalls and patched clothing. Some (e':oit children) to bring th~ other children carry papers, others artificial /lowers, they knew that they might see the Star and sewing; some have smutty faces, Some carry smaller children). Eagerly· they lo~ked up at the cluster of Christ- mas trees and at the Star, but the Star did not shine and the trees were dark.

CHII,D: We have brought all the chil- dren we could find. Can you tell us why the Christmas Star does not shine and why the trees are dark?

SPIRI'r OF CHRISTMAS: Many years ago when the Christmas angel came to earth there shone a great light as he said to the shepherds: "Be not afraid: for behold I bring you good tidings of great

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joy which shall be to ALL the people." where the Christmas trees were with the Star above. "Surely, now" thought they, Where are' the rest of the children? "the Christmas Star will shine and the trees glisten with light;" but the Star There are only a few here. The shining did not shine and the trees were d:uk.

of the Christmas Star and the glisten- CHII,D (sadly): Now we have brought all the children. Why does the star not ing of the Christmas trees are for ALL. shine? Why are the trees still dark?

READER: Then the children tried to SPIRIt oJ! CHRIStMAS: Many years ago, when the Christmas angel came to earth think where any other children could be. there shone a great light as he said to the shepherds: "Be not afraid: for behold They thought they had invited all the I bring you good tidings of great joy which shall be to all the people." Where children they knew. are the rest of the children? There are only a few here. The shining of the CHILD: I know some children who are Christmas Star and the glistening of the Christmas trees are for all. (Children look lame. I did not think of. inviting them. at each other questioningly.) (Runs out) CHII.D : There are children in many CHILD: .I know some blind children. I other lands,-in China. could lead them by the hand. (Runs out) 2ND CHILD: And Japan. CHILD: I know some children who are 3RD CHILD: And India. 4tH CHILD: And Korea. sick. I will bring them. (All run out) 5tH CHILD: And Africa. 6tH CHILD: And Syria. READER: Then all the children went out ALL TOGlltHllR: Shall we bring all the to bring more children. They hunted children of the world?

in hospitals and homes until they found SPIRIt oJ! CHRIstMAS: The angel said that the Christmas message was for ALL many dear children who were blind or the people.

lame or sick and who could not come by Children go out. All of those who have been brought in before go with them. themselves. As they led them in (enter READER: Then the children went out to children wheeling child in invalid's chair, find all the children of the world. Into every land on the earth· they went and leading others, and helping boy 'on brought all the children. Into bark huts in Africa for the little brown children, crutches), they looked eagerly at the into tents for the Indian children, into lovely paper houses for the Japanese trees and at the Star. Now surely the children, into the houses of ice and snow for the Eskimo children, inlo all the Christmas Star would shine and the trees houses of earth they went to find the children of the world. Then they came glisten with light! But the Star did not gladly back, for surely, now the Christ- mas Star would shine and the trees would shine and the trees were dark. glisten with light. (Enter children lead- ing children of other nations in costume. As CHILD: We have brought all the chil- they surround the trees the Star shines and the trees glisten with light.) dren who are sick and those who could RJlADllR: As they surrounded the trees not come by themselves. Why does the the children pointed to the Star so that the children they had brought could see Star not shine and why are the trees where it was, for it was .very dark (children point) and suddenly the Star still dark? shone and the trees glistened with light.

SPIRIt oJ! CHRIStMAS: Many years ago, Then the hearts of all the children were filled with the joy of Christmas. when the Christmas angel came to earth SPIRIt oJ! CHRISTMAS sings with the there shone a great light as he said to children joining in full chorus on italicized words: the shepherds: "Be not afraid: for be- Oh the World is full of Children hold I bring you good tidings of great And their little feet have trod, joy which shaU be to aU the people. Weary paths to upraised altars Of some unknown lifeless God. Where are the rest of the children? Shall we tell them of our Savior There are only a few here. The shining Jesus loves th~ children's praise, of the Christmas Star and the glistening of the Christmas trees are for aU. (Chil- dren look at each other with puzzled ex- pression.) CHILD: The only other children I know are not like us. They live in our coun- try but their faces are red and some are yellow and some are brown and others black. .

OTHBR CHILDREN: I know some J ap- anese children. I know some Chinese children. I know some Indian children.

I know some Negro children.

TOGEtHER: May we bring them to see the Star and the Christmas trees?

SPIRIt OF CHRISTMAS: The angel said that the Christmas message was. for ALL the people.

READllR: So the children went to find all the children from other lands who were living in America. They looked in all the stores that had queer figures and letters on their signs. They went into homes where people spoke strange lan- guages and they took the little children 1y the hand so gently and lovingly they were no! afraid and they led them to the place

And his love will bring a glory CHORUS To the darkness of our days. Exit Spirit of Christmas, children, and CHORUS reader to reserved seats.

"All the Children of the World" OFFERING FOR MISSION:. (The offering should be the chief feature of the pro- Tell them of Jesus. gram, the children having been prepared Let His banner be un furled for weeks in advance to make a real offering of money or· other gifts at this Tell them of Jesus. time.) We will conquer in His name, After the offering a group of very And His matchless love proclaim, small children dressed in white may sing To the children, all the children, LUTHER'S "CRADI,E HYMN:" All the children of the world. Away in a Manger, Oh the World is full of children No crib for His bed, Let them weave a diadem The little Lord Jesus Clasping hands across the ocean .Laid down his sweet head. For the Christ of Bethlehem. The stars in the sky Crown Him King of all the nations, Looked down where·He lay, Our adored and risen Lord . The Little Lord Jesus While the children of all nations Asleep in the hay. Shout His name with glad accord. The cattle are lowing, NO'tl 1. The suggestion made by Josephine L. The baby awakes, Baldwin in The Church School gives the most satish.ctflfY plan for such a lighting effect as is But little Lord Jesus called for. The plates used with this article are No crying he makes. loaned by courtesy of "The Church Schoo!." I love thee, Lord Jesus! • Two half circles about five inches in width Look down from the sky, and five feet in diameter are made of wood, and ball·bearin~ casters are screwed underneath. And stay by my cradle Till morning is nigh. :h:n They are to be 'placed together to form a circle A group of the children in foreign :~~~ iliest~i~~re ~~n~~e~t ~Yt~n~te;V~~~ !nd~ costume may come forward and sing to the same tune: of the half-circles are pulled apart. When the frame is ready, holes must be bored in it in Away in the darkness, which the trees can be inserted. Usually eight No light for our way; rather slender trees six or ei$ht feet high can be used. These trees after belng put into place We children are waiting must be trimmed on the inside as l.ai1y as possi- A glad Christmas day.

~!i; b;~es~dwfoe~o~ceealir~~; i~f ~~:etri!~i~~f~h:~ VVe need the Lord Jesus; Oh send out the Word would otherwise show. A atring should be Until by all people attached to either side of the open end of the circle long enough to reach to the end of the The story is heard. platform. When the time comes in the story. the persons charged with this duty can pull the strin~s PRAYER: For the children of the world. so quickly that the effect seems really like magIC as a line of trees ten feet long comes suddenly :HYMN: "Joy to the World (to be sung into view. The trees after serving this purpose go with the dinners and gifts to the poor. by entire congregation).

ullt;te2·cl~JJre:o~lSth:n!oridt;·si~a~O b!h~ec~~~~ BIIID:DIC'fION, from Literature Headquarters, 844 Drexel Bldg., Phila., Pa., for 10 cents a copy.

NOTE 3. The children who play the story should be seated on front seats during the first part of the program. Some cornetists, from one to five, in white robes may sound the call for the' Spirit of Christmas. They may then play a verse of a Christmas carol during the exits and entrances of the children.

1. Casters 2. Ifoles to settreesin 3. Ifinge

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARMER, Montclair, N. }.

THE EDITOR'S MESSAGE of the world these long-neglected women are asking for their chance Christmas is coming. You are be- in education and medical care and ginning to plan for it. Have you plain human rights. realized the importance of putting a missionary significance into gifts and Our mothers began it all with their celebration? An Oriental trifle has missionary societies, organized in the been known to lead a child to love the decade after the Civil War. The germ Far East and to turn a mind and heart was in those primary schools for girls, in the direction of volunteering for which were succeeded by middle, high missionary service. Every anniver- and normal schools. Now, at the end sary is a new opportunity. of thi~ war, we have five union col- leges and two medical S'chools for the We doubt not that many have heed- women of the Orient, all pleading for ed the appeal of the October Bulletin expansion. The societies that led up to provide a generous Christmas for to this have not, with all their urgent lepers. While soap and blankets are denominational demands, realized always acceptable to both the leper their hopes financially, and beyond patients and their missionaries, it is maintenance they can do little. Four well to emphasize the fact that money of these colleges were born during that can be spent to meet their needs the dark days af the W:lr, and with is the best offering. Transportation superb faith have persisted. Now charges are heavy, and are a loss to these intellectual "War Babies" have the cause. American dollars will us- grown in numbers and must t.e housd ually buy more at the leper stations and equipped or dwindle and n;e. than in the United States.

AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL A MILLION DOLLAR CHRISTMAS GIFT CHRISTMAS GIFT By Mrs. E. C. Cronk. A new League of Nations, a Christ- Anyone who is under the pessimas league of mercy and love, is be- mistic depression of being persuaded ing formed by a special committee on that calls and appeals and drives an International Christmas Gift for have been sounded and made and Ul1ion Colleges artd Medical Schools conducted until we have a callous for the women of the Orient. America, impervious to any new need, has not attended one of the initial JESUS, the Founder of the Christian meetings to discuss and plan for the Faith, in contrast to other religious one million dollar Christmas gift teachers-Confucius, Buddha, Mo- from the women of America to the hammed-provided in His plan a place women of the world. for women. He helped them long ago, as He helps us today, to reach The need is so great, the opporthe highest ideals. So in His Name tunity so evident and the plan so we ask you to consider this Christmas simple that without exception the gift to the women who live as women first comment is "It must be done." lived when He walked among them in lands of the East. . If it is done the seven union col- leges for women of the Orient will Why do the women of India China be equipped in a way that will mah and Japan want higher edu~ation? the advance of their work possible Because they have seen what other women have received and the results If it is done "the hand that rockg they have q.tt~jned. In this new day the cradle rules the world," will be 1103

lifted from the zephyr wrought wall of America have ever undertaken for motto sentiment class to the "worthy the women of the world." of your millions" investment class. "It must be done" say hundreds of If it is done it will mean wives women who are going to serve on and mothers and teachers and le<"d- committees and give their time and ers for the Orient who are educated their homes and their money so that Christian women. it will be done.

If it is done it will mean the sav- "It must be done," and because ing of the lives of thousands of they know that only the power of women and children, and the allevia- God can accomplish it thousands of tion of the untold misery of hun- women are praying every day that dreds of thousands who have suf- God may grant us exceeding abunfered with no one to help. dantly above all we ask or think.

"It must be done" said a woman WHAT IS NEEDED who was in one of the first meetings. She went home and told her hus- There are five union colleges and band of the plan. "It must be two medical schools for women under done" said he. the direction of the Joint Committee for Union Colleges for the Women of Re immediately sought the chair- the Orient. man of the committee. These are a part of the great new "I have 'been expecting to ertct world movement, perhaps the best some sort of a memorial to mv part, as they are forerunners of inmother and I can think of no more tellectual, spiritual' and physical un crumbling monument to a man's emancipation for the suffering mil~ appreciation of his Christian mother." lions of women in the Far East. Th,e His gift is ten thousand dollars. t;novement is more significant and im- portant than the granting of the "It must be done" say the' mothers ballot to women in the' Western and fathers whose own little girls world, and should appeal to the have gone from earth to heavi'n. hearts of all pz:ogressive men and "If our darling had lived we would women. have spent many thousands of dollars to send her to college. Let us There are two medical schools for open the college door to some girl of women under this Joint Committee, the Orient who would otherwise be with two more pleading for entrance. shut out." The first is in Vellore, I ndw, about "It must be done" said a small four hours from 'the great city .of group of women at a luncheon in Madras. Its president is Dr. Ida the nation's capital city during the Scudder, granddaughter of the first Convention of the Merged pioneer medical missionary who went United Lutheran Church of America. out to India a century ago. This school opened its doors in August, "Let us tryout the plan before it 1918, or rather, since it had no is printed and see whether it will doors, it camped out in a hospital of work and whether an average' gift the Dutch Reformed Board. The of $10.00 each can be secured from Government of India said, "While a group of women." They did their we are at war we cannot give grants, Christmas shopping early and with but this is urgent, necessary. Only radiant joy. In a few minutes $600 women can carry on the enterprise. was pledged. If you will get six Indian girls to study medicine we will give you a "It must be done" said the presi- grant, notwithstanding war." Sixtydent of a well-known girls' school. nine Indian girls applied; only "Give me one of those irresistible eighteen were qualified to ente~ In dime boxes of Ginling and every girl in our college will have a chance to 1919 eighty-nine students applied for hear of the greatest thing the women

THE WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

entrance. There were shll no build- hundred and forty. It occupies a ings, only a small class, twenty-four rented building, quite inadequate to ' in number' couM be entered. This its needs. It has invested in a piece year, one hundred and twenty-ji1!e Indian girl students asked to be ad- of land in a most desirable part of mitted to the class of 1921. Only the city. It is without a house, exthirty can be taken in two small cept for a small building given by rented houses. the Japanese Imperial household. It is making a marvelous record, in There are millions of young spite of all its handicaps, but is remothers, little girls only twelve or fusing entrance each year to hunthirteen years' of age, and there are no doctors, no nurses, and alas! no dreds of applicants. . ro'Om for those who would gladly fit themselves to care for them in their The leader of a recent commisdark hour of suffering. sion to Japan, sent by the Chambers It is for His birthday in this year of our Lord 1920 that we ask for of Commerce of the Pacific Coast, made the following statement to the Board of this College,- "The only mission work I saw in Japan this gift, shelter for the coming was this coJiege for women. You ought to invest a miJIion dollars and might well women doctors of India. invest twenty millions in the interest of international relations alone. Japan can- Peking Medical School, in the not enter the family of nations on all great Chinese capitol, is at work training Christian women as doctors equality. until she revises her ideals of and nurses: It, too, needs buildings and equipment. There are 200,000,- womanhood. This Woman's Christian 000 women in China. Many cannot College in Tokyo will help her to do that. Support it generously for it will be a greater force for world friendship than be reached by men, even if there all our Chambers of Commerce."

were men to pelp them. There are This is a significant appeal, not just 95 women doctors in China. from a Mission Board, but from the The appear for nurses is pitiful leader of the San Francisco Chamber since 60% of the hospitals of China of Commerce.

have no nurses at all. Plenty of The five colleges are in Peking, Chinese Christian girls, with high Nanking, Lucknow, Madras and school training, ready to begin study, Tokyo.

but there is 'no room. . Peking or Yenching College is in the ;Where there are medical schools great capital of China and is our one there must be colleges for pre-med- hope for training the leaders for ical scientific work and we must also women in the north. It had its be- train the leaders for Christian educa- ginning in 1907. It needs buildings tion and literature. We have worked if it is to continue to grow.

as Women's Boards of Missions to- Ginling College, at Nanking, has ward this end and now, with the made a wonderful record since it goal in sight, and five growing col- opened its doors in 1915. It is still leges,-Tokyo, Nanking, Peking, living in an old rented Chinese house, Lucknow, Madr.as the Boards have cold and uncomfortable, with fungus not the resources for land, buildings and mould on its walls and floors. It and equipment. They can pay the has secured land, but has not a single maintenance by making a great ef- building.

fort, but a college must have class Lucknow College for Women, be- rooms, dormitories, chapel, and it g-un by Isabella Thoburn under the ought to bave a laboratory and Women's Board of the Methodist gymnasium and science building. Episcopal Church, has shown what the Tokyo is a good example. After Indian Christian woman can do for years of study and appeal it opened her people in education, literature and in A-pril, 1918, with a class of eighty- medicine. It has recently become a four young women. It now has two Union College under the Voman's

Boards of. the Presbyterian and Meth- club women, college alumnae, odist denominations. women's suffrage clubs, might well respond to such an appeal. They The Woman's Christian College, hav.e given to the Near East Relief. Madras, opened its doors in 1915, an generously, gladly. They 'have given interdenominational experiment, com- to war work, to Liberty Loans, Red Cross, Young Men's and Young bining in the Board of Governors six Women's Christian Associations. This has the same broad appeal to mission boards in Great Britian, five in the same constituency. It is perthe United States and one in Canada. manent relief, medical and educa- tional, for it aims to give these Need we take further space to countries trained leadership among state the pressing needs of all these women. colleges for women? President Pendleton summed it up in one sen- The members of the Joint Comtence on her return from her recent mittee on Union Colleges for the trip to the Orient: "We need money Vomen of the Orient are: for our women's colleges here. They need it a thousand-fold more there." REV. ]AMIlS L. BARTON, D. D.

The Plan ROBERT E. SPEER Since Mission Boards cannot, un- MISS MARGARET HODGE der existing arrangements in the larger denominations, appeal to REV. WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Ph. D. churches or missionary societies for REv. FRANK MASON NORTH, D. D. funds not included in denominational budgets, the Joint College Board, MISS ELIZABETH BENDER representing all these institutions, is asking for a million dollars to MRS. W. A. MONTGOMERY finance them. Each one is in desperate need. Unless relief comes MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY soon some of these schools may have MRS. ANNA ATWATER to close. We are not asking for large gifts, but we believe there are MISS MABEL HOWELL one hundred thousand men and MRS. PHILIP ROSSMAN women in this country who woulG each give $10 as a Christmas offer· PRINCIPAL GANDlER ing to save this beginning of Christ· tian education for women in the Russell Carter, Treasurer great centers of the Far East. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City …. Each state and city will organize its committee and receive its quota A United Day of Prayer For Missions of givers. The special effort will begin December 1st, but every woman February 18, 1921 who reads this can immediately secure a committee' in her own com- The first united Day of Prayer for munity, assign her quotas and find at Missions was observed last winter on least ten or one hundred other men the first Friday in Lent, -the day set and women who will give $10 before for its annual observance. Christmas. Large gifts-and we must have them also-should go A joint committee from the Federathrough denominational Boards, to tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign make up their quotas. Mission Missions and the Council of Women Boards have done all the preparatory for Home Missions is now preparing work. They now come to the gen- the program for February 18, 1921, eral public. Surely business women, when the Day of Prayer will occur this year. Reserve this date! ~Henry w. Peabody, 702 Ford Building, Come to Florida This Winter! Boston, Mass. is in charge of tke Central Oflice and is directing the work. She wilt fumish all Visit a School of Missions! Faculty literature needed and giYe additional informatioft chosen from those who taught at the .and instructions. Northfield, Mass. Summer School. Mrs. Farmer will lectur.e on Methods and the "Bible and Missions." St. Petersburg, January 15 to 22; De- Land, January 23 to 29; Miami, January 30 to Feb. 3.

no • For information write Mrs. G. W. Cooper, 250 N. 5th Ave., St. Petersburg, F1a..Miss L. Swanson, 127 W. Howery Ave., DeLand, Pia., Rev. R. N. Merrill. White Temple, Miami, Fla.

fROM .MfJNY

NORTH AMERICA stitute, a boys' club, a community betterment program, as well as Universal Week of Prayer Bible training and evangelistic ser- vices are also conducted by this THE World's Evangelical Alliance church, which is proving to be the announces the anuual Universal 'hub" of general betterment work, and of social and religious activities. Week of Prayer, to be observed Jan- No other church is wanted in Kasuary 2-8 inclusive. The topics sug- beer. gested for each day are as follows: Lutberans Appeal for MissioDnries Sunday, January 2-Texts for Sermons and Addresses. THE United Lutheran Church, "I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills. meeting in biennial convention at From whence cometh my help? Psalm cxxi. 1. Washington in October, adopted reso- "Behold how good and how pleasant it lutions urging the Allied governis for brethren to dwell together in unity." Psalm cxxxiii. i. ments to revoke the war time restric- "In the world ye shall have tribulation; tions on missionaries. but be of good cheer, I have overcome the world." St. John xvi. 33. The statement of principles and "Neither pray I for these alone, but for resolutions as adopted read: them also which shaIl believe on Me through their word; that they all may be "The principle of religious liberty has one as Thou, Father, art in Me, and I in slowly gained ground and is now recog- Thee, that they also may be one in Us; that nized by all Governments in peace treaties the world may be:ieve that Thou hast sent and international affairs. Me." St. John xvii. 20"21. "The right to propagate religious truth "The communion of the Holy Ghost be is a corollary of religious liberty. It is with you all." 2 Cor. xiii. 14. as inalienable as is the right of civil liberty.

Monday, January 3-Thanksgiving and "The exercise of the rights of conscience Confession. cannot be annulled unless it becomes sub- versive of good morals and public order. Tuesday, January 4-The Church Uni- Only when it can be clearly shown that versal. such exercise interferes with the rights of others and results in disorder may Govern- Wednesday, January 5-Nations and ments interfere_ their Rulers. "When properly taught and exemplified, Thursday, January 6-Missions among the Christian religion has ever promoted Moslems and Heathen. law and order, advancing civilization and strengthening good government." Friday, January 7-Families, Educational Institutions an d the Young. To TraIn Foreign.Speaking Pastors Saturday, January 8-Home Missions HE American Baptist Home Misand the Jews. T sion Society has secured a per- A Successful Commuuity Church manent location in East Orange, N. J., ON THE prairies in Kasbeer, Illin- ois, a little village of ninety for the seminary for the training of people, is a Methodist Protestant new Americans to be pastors and Church that is doing a great work as a Christian community center.. The mission workers among their own pastor is Rev. Frederick Baylis, a convert of the Bowery Mission in people, and the sessions will open N ew York. The church is the only one in the town, and among the one about December 1st. Since there are hundred and fifty-two members are Baptists, Congregationalists, Luther- large foreign groups in the New ans, Disciples, Presbyterians and Methodists. A free Chautauqua is will Jersey cities adjacent to East Orconducted, which last year brought ange there be valuable opportogether 3000 persons; a farmer's in- tunities for students to carryon mis- sionary work while pursuing their studies.

1107

Three departments. will be ready A large part of the business sessions to open by the end of this year, had to do with plans for a nine-sided Russian, Polish and Hungarian, and World Unity Temple, a $1,000,000 it is hORed that by October, 1921, edifice to be erected in Chicago, on the entire school will be ready for a site purchased some time ago. The its work. nine entrances to the great hall of Immigrants at ElHs Island religion will be symbolic of the nine historic religions.

THE tide of immigration, abruptly The errors of Bahaism have more turned back by the war, is now than once been exposed, yet Amer- rising with increasing rapidity. Sep- ican nominal Christians of unstable tember saw the greatest congestion at mind continue to be attracted by it.

Ellis Island ever experienced, and A vigorous Mohammedan propa- there is great danger that inspection ganda is also being carried on within will not be sufficiently stringent. the United States. A tract is being Frederick A. Wallis, Commissioner widely circulated asserting that the of Immigration, has granted permis- American idea of Mohammedanism, sion to place eight Christian workers as given by Christian missionaries, is on the Island, one of these to be pro- entirely false and that the rule of vided by the Presbyterian Woman's Islam is such a priceless repository Board of Home Missions. This of spiritual truth that no other relig- Board will be responsible for the ion can compare with it. This tract work for Spanish people. The na- avers that if a tree be known by its ture of the missionary work done fruits, Mohammedanism far out- will be governed by the emergencies strips Christianity. Some readjust- as they arise. ment of history is necessary to sup- The Immigrants' Mission Board ·of port this claim.

The United Lutheran Church is An Interesting Experhnent charged with the spiritual ministra- WITH the sanction of the city tion to immigrants coming particu- authorities, there has been larly from Central Europe. The na- established in New Yark City a tionalities which have received spec- Jewish Court of Arbitration for ial attention from this. Board are the the consideration and settlement Slovaks, -Magyars, Slovenians or Windish, the Siebenbuerger, Letts, of minor disputes and difficulties Poles, Italians, and recently assistance among Jews, which they wish to keep out of the civil courts. The has been extended to the Finns. By 'far the largest numbers of im- court is composed of twenty-four migrants arriving since 1900 are members: six members of the jufrom central and southern Europe, diciary of Greater New York, six where the Roman Catholic faith is rabbis, and twelve lawyers and predominant. In the case of the – merchants versed in the ancient Letts there is an especially bitter laws and customs of the Jewish feeling against the Russian State people. The procedure of the Church which reacts to create hatred court will follow the old Mosaic law as far as possible. The experi- 'against all religion. ment will be watched with in- The Lutheran. terest both by Jews and non-Jews.

Congress of Bahaism Change at "Inasmnch MIssion," Philadel- phia BAHAISM, the Persian cult founded by Baha Ullah. held its THE Octavia HilI Association of twelfth annual congress recently in Philadelphia has taken over New York City. Sessions were held the Inasmuch Mission at 1011 Lofor three days, but only the evening cust Street. The religious work meetings were open to the public. will be in charge of Mrs. George

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Long, widow of the Mission's in preaching to the Protestant pupils. founder. The institution came into The Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. existence in 1911, and a few years hold their services on Sunday evenlater a mission building costing ing. Protestants and Catholics have $250,000 was erected by Mrs. religious instruction also on Tuesday George Woodward. The char- evening and the Mormons on Thursacter of the neighborhood having day evening. Attendance at all of the changed completely, there is not meetings, with the exception of Sunthe same field for rescue work as day evening, is compulsory. formerly. (See Missionary Review of the WorId for August, It is encouraging to note that the 1913.) use of tobacco is prohibited in the Phoenix Indian School. Ethnological Course for Missionaries The Lutheran. THE importance of a knowledge of racial psychology for those LATIN AMERIOA who would work effectively on the foreign mission field is com- An InstItutional Ohurch in Mexico ing to be recognized. A course along this line has been instituted WHEN a union mission press was at the Kennedy School of Mis- started in Mexico the Presbysions at Hartford, Conn., to be terian mission press in Mexico City under the direction of Mrs. Agnes was remodeled for use as an institu- Leaycraft Donohugh, Ph. D. This tional church. This has now outwill include a course on the life grown its original quarters, and an of na,.tive peoples, their customs additional three· story building is ocand mentality; followed by special cupied, the first floor being used for studies of AfriGan native life and lectures and church services and the of village community life in India. upper stories for gymnasium, social and club rooms. A member of the Indian TraInIng at PhoenIx American Legation conducts regular classes at this center. So successful THE U. S. Training School for has the work been that similar ac- Indians at .Phoenix, Arizona, tivities are being inaugurated in comprises 160 acres of ground and other sections of Mexico City. fifty-six buildings. The total number enrolled last year was 725, about Protestants United in Panama equally divided between boys and girls, and representing forty-three AT LEAST seventeen American tribes. Prote~tant denominations are rep- resented among the five hundred resi- Religious instruction has a place in dent members of the Union Church the school. In regard to doctrinal of the Canal Zone, and the thousand beliefs, they are separated into three young people in the Sunday-schools. classes-Protestants, Rom::n Catho- This interdenominational church was lics, and Latter Day Saints or Mor- constituted in 1914 and includes four mons. The first class includes nearly local congregations and one mission thr.-fourths of the whole number. under its collegiate oversight. The There were thirty-six Mormons in constitution provides that the church's attendance this year. Catholic chil- activities shall be non-sectarian and dren have separate instruction on its teachings evangelical. In spite of Sunday morning at 9 :30 o'clock, and many difficulties, the work ha3 been the other two groups join in Sunday- steadily successful. In fact, the tryschool at the same hour. All attend ing out of this experiment in Chrispreaching services or instruction at tian. cooperation offers data that will 3 :20 p. m. Eleven pastors of prove instructive to students of Phoenix churches take regular turns church polity. Much of our incen- tive to Christian unity comes from the modern mission field.

PrIson Church i. Guatemala was incurred, and an equal sum is needed for proper equipment. REV. Paul Burgess tells in the "Guatemala News" of an un- EUROPE usual church and "university" in Quezaltenango penitentiary. One of Friends in Conference the members of the Protestant church lost a horse by theft and THE All Friends Conference, reported at once to the police. But bringing together 1000 prominent the latter considered it simpler to adherents of the Quaker faith from arrest the informant than to catch the all parts of the world, met recently robber, and so sent him to jail for in London, and was the first gather- two years. The man was an earnest ing of its kind since the 17th century. Christian and decided that the Lord America sent 350 delegates. The must have sent him to the prison for discussions centered on three topics: a purpose. His first convert was an Italian, and others followed in time. (1) The need of maintaining a liv- Bibles and literature were supplied by the Presbyterian mission, and a ing silence~a silence full of events- flourishing congregation came into being. Some of the prison members in the meetings for worship. . when released went out to preach, and at least two churches were or- (2) The increase of social interganized by ex-prisoners. course among the members of the An anti-alcohol campaign was among tl:e activities of this prison meetings, irrespective of barriers of church. Courses of study were given by the lawyers and other edu- class or of opinion. cated prisoners, and as most prisoners had to remain in j ail from two to (3) The extension of religious edufive years awaiting sentence of the cation. court there was time to acquire a considerable amount and variety of Congregationalist. knowledge. Jews in Paris But the unionist forces in the late rebellion set all prisoners at liberty. I N Paris there are not less than Now the prison is again filling up, 100,000 Jews, the majority of but no church members are among whom are from Eastern Europe. the inmates. There are also at present hundreds of emigrant Jews from all parts of A Boys' Refol"lllatory, Trinidad Europe, passing through Paris on their way to America. These emi- TRINIDAD has a boys' reforma- grants are sometimes compelled to tory, opened twenty-nine years wait for weeks and even months ago by the Church of England. until they are able to proceed fur- About two hundred boys are under ther. Thus there is in Paris scope supervision there, nearly all from enough for a well organized and effimost destitute surroundings. In the cient work among these .Tewish masses, institution they respond to kind treat- but it is a long time since any attempt ment, and are being trained to be' trustworthy, to respect the rights of has been made to reach the Jews of others and to understand that God Paris with the Gospel. is displeased with wrong doing. Since the masses in Paris are During the war when the govern- irreligious, the Jew, dependent on the ment grant proved insufficient to good will of his neighbors, thinks he maintain the work, a debt of £ 1500 must hide his religion as much' as possible and' conform to the life about him. The young Jew has no higher ambition than to become a Frenchman as soon as possible. They are sheep without a shepherd. " The London Mission to Jews ha:> undertaken a work among the women and children, and that for the chil- dren is especially promising.

The Scattered Nation.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Religions Traln1ng 'in Germany martyred, the kindling of interest was instantaneous." THE J 0hanneum at Barmen, Ger- many, is a training school for Baptist Headquarters in Rome evangelists. The rector emeritus, Dr. Theodore Haarbeck, has this to THE Southern Baptists have say of religious conditions in his purchased the entire Piazza country : Barberini at Rome. The site is on the Quirinal, and is one of the "Our evangelists everywhere' find most desirable in the city. The doors open, churches full, and much seven buildings on the square will care for 30uls. There is a hunger in be replaced by a Baptist church, the land not only for bread but also theological seminary, publishingfor the Word of God. Since the house and residences for mission war, gifted and believing .young men workers. have offered themselves to our school, so that we have twenty-eight pre- Methodist Orphanage in Italy paring for Christian work. We have never been so entirely thrown on A VILLA of forty-six rooms, faith as at present. Our expenses with seven and a half acres of are fourfold those of pre-war days, ground and several small buildyet we have never lacked." ings, has recently been purchased by the Methodist Centenary Fund The University of Bonn has made to house the orphanage estab- ·Dr. Haarbeck doctor of divinity in lished in Naples by Signor Santi recognition of his serv.ices as leader fifteen years ago. of this Bible training school, "of its straight-forward Biblical teaching An Italian Presbyterian church and of the rich fruit this teaching in New York has agreed to suphas borne." port two orphans, and a 'Metho- dist church in New York's "Little ReMrd of Christian Work. Italy" has contributed $500 to- ward general expenses. The num- First Bohemian Students Conference ber of orphaned children at pres- ent being cared for is nearly one THE first Student Christian Con- hundred, both boys and girls, and ference ever held in Bohemia met ranging from five to ,thirteen years last July in a thousand year old of age. Educational work for the castle of the Hapsburgs, which younger children is conducted at President Masaryk put at their dis- the home, while the older ones atposal. "Practically all the students tend a government schooL who attended were atheists or agnostics," says Dr. Sherwood Eddy; The Continent. "they had learned to look on Christianity as a colossal tyranny. They The "Red Bible" began in this conference their first study of the Bible and their amaze- A COLPORTEUR working among ment at discovering something so the Jews of Russia reports that a entirely different from their precon- book called the "Bolshevik Bible," ceptions ,of religion was a most pro- edited by Lenin and Trotsky and found encouragement. The great bound in red covers is being sold vantage point of the situation was by thousands. He visited a home the unbroken pride of all the men in one day where the housewife disthe name and'memory of John Hus. played one of these "Bibles" saying: He was the great superman hero of "This is my Bible, and if I were you them alL When they were made to I would burn all your Bibles and .sell understand that the Young Men's or distribute Bibles like this one. Christian Association held to the kind It would do more good than you can of Christianity for which Hus was with your." There followed a dis- cussion upon the merits of the true

Bible, and presently the daughter of diverse types and smite the ear with eleven years who had listened quietly a more complicated Babel of tongues joined the conversation with: "Can than any other city in the world. you prove that there is a God? I Christianity has been carried into can show you that the Bible is full practically all lands, and from most of lies. The only hope for the of them pilgrims journey to the world is Bolshevism." When asked birtI1place of their religion. J erusa- if she would read the Bible if given lem is not alone the Holy City of one she agreed to do so, and the Christians; it is dear to the Israelite's colporteur left her reading it with heart, and the followers of Mohamgreat interest. med hold it second, to Mecca itself in sacred esteem. There one meets Jewish Bra. sandaled or barefooted Greeks, Latin and Armenian priests, sisters of var- Conditions in Kiefl' ious orders from the numerous con- vents situated within and without the MR. 'P. GORODISHZ, Hebrew walls, Protestant ministers of various Christian missional y to Kieff, sects, and pilgrims, some somberly, Russia, which has been taken and some colorfully dressed, from every ·retaken some fifteen times since the land under Heaven. Mingled in the war began, has written a letter to stream of Christians one will see Mr. David Baron, upon his return Jews and Tur.ks and Arabs and from London,' in which he pictures Indian Mussu-lmans. conditions there. "It was difficult to recognize the Hebrew Chris- While changes in the physical aptians, so changed were they. The pearance of Jerusalem and in the winter had been very hard, and most make-up of its population occurred of them were obliged to live in un- even under Moslem rule, there al'e heated rooms. 'I found my chil- many far-reaching <i:hanges that have dren without shoes; it was the same taken place only since the expUlsion with my feIlow workers. Want of the Turks. The city has been stares in the face at every step; unhealthful for a long time, largely typhus, which raged here in its because of the lack of an adequate severest form during the whole win- and pure water supply. After the ter, and the great want of drugs and occupation of Jerusalem by General linen, have greatly increased the dis- Allenby December 11, 1917, an old tress. Persons who before helped uncompleted project of the Romans others are now begging for help was completed to bririg water to the themselves. The lack of medicine is city from a never failing spring fifindescribable. On the other hand the teen miles to the north beyond Bethevangelization work is very encour- lehem. Within a few months after aginJ<. Much interest is shown for the expulsion of the Turks the new the Gospel and the meetings are weIl system was delivering to the city attended. Without hindrance the 320,000 gallons of water a day. Gospel is preached in the hall the Thus one great need of the city was same as in the street. I found a supplied, and planning was begun number of recently converted He- along other lines to improve the brews." conditions of sanitation: The Scattered Nation.

MOSLEM LANDS Churches Suffer from Emigration Co;;mopolltan Jerusalem DISTURBED conditions in Syria since the close of the war have AMERICANS who do not realize ),reatiy handicapped the work of the the many divisions into which Presbyterian Mission. Emigration Christianity has fallen may learn has sorely depleted the churches and much by a walk along the streets of the ranks of' the ministers. One of Jerusalem, which today show more

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS )l13

the three ordained Syrian pastors in as teaching of the orphans, as well the presbytery of Sidon had gone to his sons in Brazil, and sixteen keeping up his own studies. churches reported that additions to All the World. their .membership were only one- INDIA seventh of the maximum figure. Besides the emigration many Syrians A Potent Factor In India from Sidon have moved into the neighboring district of Palestine, By WAY of comment on the powhere the British occupation has litical and social unrest in the brought quiet and prosperity. A India of today, a missionary of the large number also have entered the American Board asserts that Chrisservice of various American relief tian missions' are contributing in agencies. large measure to stability and order. Thi3 is an influence altogether un- 'Shofar" Sounded official, but one which helps to me- diate between government and people, WHEN the news of the restora- healing their misunderstandings. The tion of the Jewish National Christian communities are a real force, but are often overlooked in homeland through Great Britain's estimating the trend of affairs in the mandate over Palestine reached the new India.

Jewish quarter of the Holy City, the AY. W. C. A. Training School Shofar, or ram's horn was sounded TRAINING School for Y. W. for the firs~ time in 2,000 years of C. A. secretaries, the first of its kind in India, was opened on N0- Jewish history except for the cere- vember 1st. Eight young Indian women, the same number as started monies of the two most sacred Jew- in the first class of the Association Training School in the United States ish holidays, the Day of Atonement in 1904, a,-e in the first class, studyand the New Year. The Chief rabbi ing administration of Association ac~ tivities, club work with girls arid of Jerusalem ordered the blowing of organization of girl students. There the Shofar, an order which none are forty-sevel1 Y. W. C. A. workers in India at present and one hunother would dare issue. As the news dred and sixty-one centers of work. swept through the city, a steady pro- Madura Church Councll cession of Jews made their way to THE American Madura Mission the IWailing Wall, which was soon has gone beyond many others in crowded with men, women and chil- meeting the desire of Indian Chris- tians to aS3ume responsibility in nadren, giving thanks for the realiza- tive church government. The Ma- dura Church Council was organized tion of the prayer they had so often for this reason three years ago. It is composed of all ordained men, made there. Jewish Era. both Indian and foreign, each having one vote. Thus the native Christian Kurdish Boy in. Training has about six times the missionary representation'. Complete withdrawal A KURDISH father In Persia of missionary leadership is already made a vow to give his son to being discussed, and fifteen to twenty the missionaries when seven years years has been suggested as the prob~ old, to be trained as a Christian able time for such a change. worker. The vow included also an apricot tree, of which the fruit was Missionary Herald. to be eaten by Christians only. The first year that the tree was particularly well loaded with fruit, avarice got the better of the old man and he sold the apricots. The tree very soon died, and the father hastened to bring the boy to the Kermanshah Mission, saying he did not want the boy to die also. The lad is exceedingly promising, and helps with the

Scales Decide against a Heathen Rite CHINA A CHUHRA living in a community A Serious Famine where about forty had become Christians was preparing food for REPORTS are received of another his usual offering to the dead when great famine in China. a neighbor said: The food s1tuation in Hunan, Shantung and South Chihli is ex- "What is the use of that? Do you tremely grave. Last year the harvest really think the dead eat of the food? was very 'scant, and hopes were These Christians have given this up, placed on the crops of this year. and say there is nothing to it. The But a failure of the spring crops, food surely looks the same after we followed by an unsuccessful autumn offer it as before." yield, has brought at least 20,000,000 face to face with actual famine. In The Chuhra replied: "The food many cases whole families have com- may look the same, but some of it mitted suicide, and parents are selling has been taken away." their children, particularly their daughters, for whatever they will To settle the dispute it was agreed bring. In many sections the inhabi- that the man was to weigh the food tants are livings on weeds. Provin- offered to the dead, and after it had cial authorities are doing what they been left for the usual length of time, can to relieve the situation, but are then weigh it again. far from able to cope with it unaided.

A crowd gathered the next morn- The Continent. ing to observe the trial by weighing. The rites were performed with due Preparing the Way for Prohibition care and the crowd looked on with expectation. CHINA may be under a prohibition regime within the next two de- As the food was again put into the cades if the temperance activity of village scales it was found that the Chinese students in America is an weight was exactly the same. omen.

"Now," said the challenger, "I A year ago the Chinese Students' believe the Christian preacher has Prohibition League was formed, with been telling us the truth all these eleven definite objectives. Of these months, and our Christian neighbors seven have been sue c e s s fully are wiser than we." achieved, one will be completed in November, and the ground work is Record of Christian Work. being rapidly completed in China for the other three. A membership cam- Bene-Israel Community paign resulted in enlisting over 1,000 members, or more than half of the A PECULIARLY interesting Chinese students in America. Large section of Israelites bearing the quantities of literature on prohibiname Bene-Israel, and numbering tion were distributed among other ten thousand at the last census oc- students; leaflets have been transcupy a tract of country about lated into the native tongue and distwenty miles long between Pen and tributed in China, while a great deal -Fanvel. For thirty-eight years, of research work has been done and the results given publicity. Rev. J. H. Lord of the Society of Mrs. Sun Vat Sen's Gift St. John the Evangelist has been conducting work among them at THE wife of the first President of Mazagon, Bombay, in a quiet, per- China has turned over to the severing way, by lectures, tracts American Missionary Society money and home visiting. Their language sufficient to support a school in her is Marathi, Hebrew being entirely native village. The Mission has acforgotten, with the exception of the phrase "Hear, 0 Israel." Certain characteristic observances have never been neglected, and tes- ·tify to their genuine Hebrew origin.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

cordingly, been running a successful lowship Club." The former has school there for the past year, with grown until it meets in two sections.

fifty pupils, at no expense to the Forty-five minutes are spent in Bible Mission. As a result of special study or in discussion of some prac- meetings in the school, more than tical problems in the light of the forty young people have confessed' Bible. Refreshments are then served their Christian faith. This example and the rest of the time is spent in has influenced a wealthy man in a social pleasures. Missionaries are neighboring village to offer support welcomed, and are sometimes asked for a similar school under like aus- to serve on committees, but the pices in his own village. leadership is in the hands of the The Christian. Chinese. Only those who are leaders in th~, churches are eligible for mem- Vocational Training at Chengtu bership in the second club–preach- TEN vocational schools are in- ers, church officers, school teachers, cluded in the comprehensive Sunday-school teachers, leaders in plan for the Union Christian Uni- personal work and women evangelversity at Chengtu, West China, ists. An address on some practical under the direction of the Meth- topic is given at each meeting, which odist Church. One entirely new is bi-monthly. field of industry in China is that of Chinese Recorder.

photography, and this will be taught in one of the ten schools. JAPAN-CHOSEN The Chinese are especially fond of Conference of Federated MIssions T photographs, and take particular HE annual session of the Con- ference of Federated Missions delight in having life size portraits of their parents to hang beside the was held at Karuizawa early in Auancestral 'tablets. An American gust. Twenty-five missionary bodies, photographic firm has agreed to represented by nearly seventy dele- furnish the complete equipment gates, make up the Conference. An necessary for such a school, and entire day was devoted to Sunday- the opening of this department is schools; and all controversial sub- only conditional upon securing the jects, such as the California prob- means of providing a professional lem, were avoided.

instructor. It was recommended that the name Training which will develop the of the body be changed to the Fedeconomic and industrial life of eration of Christian Missions in China will offset the tendency to Japan. This was to make it correneutralize the work of Christian spond more nearly to the Japanese teaching which is occasioned by body which is called the Federation heathen trade conditions. The boy who hunts a job with a, Chinese of Christian Churches in Japan. Japan Evangelist.

shopkeeper is expected first of all New Hymn for Japan to worship the idols of the establishment. PROF. H. AUGUSTINE SMITH, Director of the music of the This university is located on a campus of 120 acres, and within the Sunday School Convention in Tokyo, past eleven years some thirty build- prepared a special hymn for Japan entitled "Salute the Banner of the ings have been erected.

Christian Clubs in Hangchow Sun." Its theme is intended to lead the Japanese to see in their own na- HANGCHOW has two distinctly tional flag the ideals of the SOR of Christian clubs. One is "The Man. The hymn is sung to the tune Christian Fellowship Club," and the of IWaltham and is as follows: other 'The Christian Leaders' FeI- Salute the Banner of the Sun-

The Day of Righteousness begun! there was an average attendance of Lord grant_ it be, till time shall cease, 100. Hev. Harry A. Rhodes was 'l'he flag of fellowship and peace I the visiting missionary this year, and writes of the eagerness with All hail the Banner of the Light, which the teaching of the Word The splendor of Eternal Right! was received. Fling out its rays to cheer and bless A realm of Truth and Righteousnes~. On the first day, out of 49 men ])resent 46 said that they pray Salute the Ball11er of the Day daily, 33 have family prayers and When wrong and hatred flee away; six keep a prayer list. On the sec- And Fujiyama, high above, _ond day, out of 56 pl'esent -34 had Calls men to worship and to love. read the whole New Testament, and nine had read it more than five o Banner of the Sun, all hail I times; and on another day out of 62 present ten make it their prac- Shine ou! they light shall never fail! tice to speak of the Gospel to at Shine ori, to serve the Common Good, least one non-Christian every day. And lead the World to Brotherhood. Eighteen knew definitely that they had led one person to Christ. Congregationalist. Shintoism Promoted III Korea , A NEW and insidious repression International Frlend&hlp Promoted – . of the freedom of Korean con- THE Y. w. C. A. in Tokyo has science is seen in an announcement a p poi n ted an "International concerning Japanese action, as pub- Frienuship Secretary" whose busi- lished in the K m'ea Review: ness it is to do the thousand and one things that lead to a friendly "Seoul will soon witness the opening of acquaintance between Americans and a Shinto shrine for the moral-and spiritual Japanese. Letters of introduction well-being of the Koreans, the Governorare given Japanese students or busi- General of Korea having given permission ness men leaving for America, so to the Shinto priests for the propagation that they may have an entrance to of Shintoism in Korea, and several leading America's family life. In the same Shinto priests have decided to open a way American travelers in Japan are shrine here as a preliminary step. For this introduced to Japanese families, and purpose they have leased from the Goverare thus able to bring back to Amer- nor-General the Kwantei shrine at Todaiica memories of some of the best mon and will reconstruct it as -a Shinto things in Japan. Arrangements are shrine. also made for meeting Japanese girt; at the docks in America, and for "The shrine will be dedicated to the caring for their needs during the first Goddess Amaterasu, and God Susano-o-nodays in the new country. mikoto, the Divine Ancestress of the Jap- anese nation and her brother. It is further He Who Comes May Read intended to build an edifice in which the old Korean Emperors, distinguished members A J APANESE has been in the of the royal family, and Koreans who ren- habit of posting on his door dered meritorious service to their country this notice when he leaves home will be enshriued. A lecture hall will also for his work in the morning: "I be built in Ihe Kwantei shrine, at which lec_ am a Christian; and, if anyone tures will be delivered on moral and reli· likes to go in and read my good gious subj eets." Book while I am out, he may." Shinto is the only distinctly na- East and West. tional religion exi3tent. It is linked up with emperor worship, and has its Pyeng Yang Bible Class analogy in the customs of the Roman AT THE general Bible Class for empire. men from the country districts of Korea, held annually at Pyeng-· AFRICIA yang, about 500 men were in at- Child l[ortallty III I~r;ypt tendance and 90 at the Bible Institute. In the church officers' class lilORE than one-third of the chil- '~ <lren of Egypt die before the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

age of five. The percentage of in- town, Ojo, there is a church which is fant mortality for the twenty well filled every Sunday. largest cities of Egypt was twentytwo in 1919, or 16,782 deaths out of Record of Christian Work. 74,880 children born. The only hope for a betterment of this condition is NigerIan Pastorate AssociatIon the education of future parents. The Egyptian Gazette makes the HE economic development of cynical comment that "Since Egypt T the interior of Nigeria has is at present over populated, and a higher standard of living for the caused hundreds of Africans to mass of the people is therefore impossible, it is just as well that no leave their homes in search of more of the children do live, and work. Many have been church atreally, in many cases it is better that tendants in their home towns. To they are dead." ThiTteen government dispensaries for women and minister to the needs of these scatchildren treated nearly 300,000 pa- tered Christians the Nigerian Pastients last year, and most of the nineteen government general hos- torate Association was formed a pitals and the mission hospitals have few years ago, and the natives very wards for children. There are also readily subscribe the support for as Foundling Homes and Orphanages, many workers as the Association all working toward the betterment can supply. While this is not diof discouraging conditions. rect missionary work, it is the im- portant sequel of work done in the Influence or Politics on Brotherhood past.

THE wall of p<l;rtition between Mo- Harvest Festivals in Nigel' Mission hammedans, Copts and Christians has been appreciably lowered in .THE idea of a harvest festival as Egypt by recent political changes. Christians sit with Moslems at public a means of swelling the church gatherings and Copts are manifestly imitating Protestant Christian cus- treasury has taken hold of the Nitoms. A Coptic priest in one place is filled with pride in the evangelical gerian's imagination, and has been books he possesses. In another village, where there. are more than the so successful that last year in one average number of enlightened men, the priest preaches evangelical truth district alone the offerings amountand has started a Bible class for women. ed to nearly 800, while for the four A Missionary Spirit In Nigeria Ibo districts the total sum was nearly £3000. The most com- THE Church Missionary Society has a station at Lokoja, northern mon gifts are farm products, Nigeria which gives two-thirds of its yams, nuts, bananas and fowls. entire church income to send the gospel to heathen tribes people in the On the Sunday appointed for the neighborhood. This year there has been an awakening among the Basas. festival the front part of the church adjacent pagans; idols have been destroyed, and a church building erected~ is covered with heaps of produce, In the Kabba di!;trict also at one each contributor placing his or her collection more or less indiscrimi- nately on the general pile, and, finally,. the fowls are deposited on top of the heap. It is apt to be disconcerting to the missionary when he encounters a fat duck tied to the pulpit steps, or a lusty cock breaks out in full during the ser- mon! .

'I'he gifts are sold on the days following the festival, and the pro- ceeds brought to the central station at the end of the month. All these contributions are placed to the credit of the sustentation funds, which provide for pastoral, evange- listic and educational work. .

The Bible In Mission Schools "Living Epistles" In Solomon Islands A PEOPLE without a written lan- AROUND the carved bowls oj guage have accurate memories, pounded cocoanuts and yams sat and hence it is easy for pupils in a circle of Solomon Island savages, mission schools to learn Bible verses, and remember them. In an arrayed with armlets, anklets and English boarding school in Kaffrania each girl was expected to plumes for their dance. Among them learn a verse to repeat at prayers before breakfast. A visiting mis- were several native Christians, dissionary who was called upon to conduct the Sabbath evening meet- tinguished by their lack of ornament ing was anxious to know whether the verses heard each morning were and their shining faces. Suddenly, permanently kept in mind, or were learned for the occasion and for- their bush chief, for whom they had gotten. All the girls of the school were asked to stand and repeat a been praying many years, stepped verse. When a girl could not think of another verse that had not been into the circle and said: repeated she must be seated. At the end of more than two hours "I want you all to pray otrong for three girls were still standing, and gave no evidence of having reached me. I want to bring my people to the limit of their Biblical knowledge. As it was long past their your church to learn of your Master. bedtime, the contest had to close at that point. I see the faces of all of you shin- ing as if your hearts were happy.

"My people are not like that.

'rhey look heavy and their eyes are dull. They look as if they never swim (wash). They look no good.

BefOre, you all live like us and pray to our Adaros (devils). But I see you find a better way. Your way is the way of the shining face! I want to come and learn of your new Master. You all pray strong for me." Life of Faith.

ISLANDS OF THE SEA Combining EvangeliSlIl and Industry Plan to Unite Protestant Schools D EV. C. W. Abel, successor to DRESIDENT D. S. Hibbard of James Chalmers in New rlSiIliman Institute, P. 1., writes that there is a plan to unite all Guinea, is working effectively to Protestant educational work in the promote the industrial interests of archipelago, and place it under a his people, although "the one thing Board of Trustees who will standard- needful" is none the less emize the system. The educational phasized. work carried on by the government, excellent as it is, has one weak point. On the island of Kwato, close On account of Roman Catholic influ- to the mainland, he has built the ence they are unable to go deeply mission house, school, saw mill, into moral and ethical questions. It carpenter shop and boat yard. is to avoid the duplication of effort Bungalows, saw-houses, boats, and waste of money in overlapping have all been built by Papuan territory that it is planned to organize boys but one remove from the what will be called' "The Evangelical grossest savagery. Papuan girls Board of Education of the Philippine have had their training in house- Islands," this Board to be composed work, needle-work, cookery, and of men from all the evangelical mat-making. Kwato boys, workchurches and in its hands to be ing under the tuition of a profesplaced the absolute control of the sional printer from Sydney, have evangelical education of the Philip- set up and printed the gospels pines. and several of the epistles in their native language. A group of English friends have put up ten thousand pounds without interest

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

to finance the Kwato Development tians, and 14,050,175 members of other Company,' which is operating co- faiths. coanut plantations to the profit of the industrial and evangelistic In Asia, 28,700,000 Christi'ans, and 863,- work of the mission. 500,000 of other faiths.

Record of Christian Work. In Africa there are 9,050,000 Christians and 149,871,000 of other faiths. New Responsibilities in the Pa.cific _ THE Japanese, Chinese and In- In North America there are 102,700,000 dians have all acquired a hold Christians, and 10,235,000 of other faiths. in the Pacific that will affect not only the commercial development In South America, 36,600,000 Christians of the Islands, but also the hu- and 1,400,000 of other faiths. man problem. The war has given a new turn to the situation, and In Oceania, 12,700,000 Christians and 42,- the days of readjustment are full 925,000 of other faiths. of missionary opportunity. Samoa comes by mandate under the con- The total population of Europe is 350,- trol of New Zealand, while Australia faces responsibilities for 872,561, and that of Asia, 872,522,000. what was German New Guinea before the war. There are still OBITUARY NOTES hundreds of thousands of aboriginal people in the Pacific who Franklin E. Hoskins of Syria are unevangelized. The island of New Britain is neaTly four hun- ON November 12th the Rev. dred miles long, yet less than Franklin E. Hoskins of the Presthirty miles of its length has been byterian Mission, died in Beirut, touched by missionary effort. New Syria, after a brief illness. Dr. Hannover has a population esti- Hoskins was born at Rochdale, Pa., mated at from 10,000 to 20,000, sixty-two years ago, and accomand so far they have only a na- plished a really great literary and tive teacher or two. It is said that more than 100,000 in St. Mat- educational work. Only recently he thias, Lihir, Tabar, Anvi and completed a six years' task of 'p?tothers have not yet heard of the ting through the press a new edl~lOn Gospel. There is no hostility on of the great Arabic Reference BIble. their part. Never have been peo- He' was the author of several books ple more ready to welcome the on the Near East, including "The missionary, and in some cases Jordan Valley and Pet,ra" a~d "From have built houses in readiness for the Nile to Nebo," a dISCUSSIOn of the teachers, who have not come. route of the. Children of Israel from Egypt to the Holy Land. He was MISCELLANEOUS also a teacher in the Theological Seminary in Beirut. 'J'he Religions of the W<>rld During the war, Dr. Hoskins THE Freedom of India gives the worked among the Allied prisoners following statistics of the relig- of war. This resulted in breaking ions of the world: down his health, and he returned to America but last year again took up Christians, 564,510,000, his work in Beirut. Con fucianists and Taoists, 300,825,000. Mohammedans. 221,825,000. Dr. Therrien of Canada Hindus, 210.540,000, Animists, 158.270,000. ONE, of the outstanding represen- Buddhists, 138,031,000. tatives of French Protestantism Shintoists. 25,000,000. in America, Rev. Alphonse de Li- Jews. 12,205,000. gouri 'Therrien, D. D. recently passed In Europe there are 374,760,000 Chris- away in Montreal. Dr. Therrien was born of French-Canadian Catho- lic parents, but in very early life de- cided to devote his life to the .Protes- tant Christian ministry. For more than fifty years he was intimately associated with French evangelization in the Provinces of Quebec and On- tario.

MKSSJ[ONARY

A Moslem Seeker After God: Showing A book so mystical and philo- Islam at Its Best in the Life and Teaching of AI-Ghazali, Mystic and sophical in character cannot be re- Theologian of the Eleventh Cen- tury. Samuel M. Zwemer. IlJus. viewed in anything less than a long 302 pp. New York: Fleming H. Revell Co. $2.25 net. 1920. article and we will not attempt to do Dr. Rendall Harris, the great more than give a hint to its contents. Friend scholar of England who has written upon cognate subjects, re- As a prelude to his discussion of the gards A,I-Ghazali as a rare combina- creed of AI-Ghazali and its credition of scholar and saint, of the bility, and his writings, ethics and orthodox Moslem and the aberrant mysticism, Dr. Zwemer devotes four Sufi. He savs that in Sufism. that is. chapters to general conditions in the in Pantheism. AI-Ghazali found the Moslem world of the eleventh cenway, of lift;, yet he remained an tury and to Al-Ghazali's birth and orthodox Moslem, that is, a tran- education, his teaching, his converscendentalist, and that he found the sion to Sufism, his subsequent way to God Himself when he left wanderings, and his later years and his lecture room and went into the death. Extracts from his "Confeswilderness,-into the Sufi inner sanc- sions" are in certain points like those tuary. The substance of the volume of Augustine, and are helpful to any is summed up in these words of Dr. earnest,bewildered soul seeking for Harris: "The book tells us some- God. The last chapter is entitled thing about this side of his experi- "Jesus Christ in AI-Ghazali." Here ence in the Quest of Life, and when a large number of sayings and rethe story is finished we are reminded puted acts of His are collected tonot to seek the Living among the gether, many of them closely redead, but to believe that the same sembling Christian traditions and Lord is rich unto all that call upon others being wholly apocryphal. Him in truth." When one remembers that in AI- Ghazali's sojourn in Damascus, he After a lifelong study of Moham- spent much of his time in a mosque medanism and of missionary work formerly a Christian church, adorned among Moslems, Dr. Zwemer asserts with the Greek inscription, "Thy that in a very real sense AI-Ghazali kingdom, 0 Christ, is an everlasting may be used as a schoolmaster to kingdom, and Thy dominion endureth lead Mohammedans to Christ. His throughout all generations," and that books are full of references to the he meditated much in the "Jesus teachings of Christ; he was a true minaret" of that church-mosque, his seeker after Christ. "No one can large use of Jesus traditions is not read the story of AI-Ghazali's life, surprising. It is by the introduction so near and yet so far from the of such material that Dr. Zwemer, Kingdom of God, so eager to enter himself mystically inclined, has made and yet always groping for the door- ,this volume, that might easily have way, wjthout fervently wishing that become as dryas dust, to live and AI-Ghazali could have met a true breathe the breath of heaven. Such ambassador of Christ. Then surely groping after God in the fullest this great champion of the Moslem Christian sense is most pathetic. But faith would have become an apostle are there not scores of unknown and of Christianity in his own day and obscure men of the Al-Ghazali type, generation." awaiting the devoted, loving Christian missionary ?

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The Witness Committee is dedicated to the great task of making Christianity dominant in our national life. Our national founda- tions were laid by men of faith in Jesus Christ. His gentleness has made us great. America should be the first nation to submit to the gracious rule of Christ the King.

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3. That the known bondholders? mortgagees, and other security holders owning or holding 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages and other securities are: None.

for 1920 4. That the two paragraphs next above, giving the handsomely and substantially bound in red ili:;Y names of the owners, stockho1ders, and security holders, cloth with gold lettering $4.00 a volume. ~~c~%y chcl~~~s ~~t a:~~a~is~p~! :~~ct~6~:r~f ath~ If you return your single copies for the year, the bound volume will be sent for $2.75. company, but also in cases where the stockholder or security holder appears upon the· books of the: com- Order now-have this veritable cyclopedia pany as trustee or in any other fiduciary relation, the of missionary knowledge in a convenient and name of the person or corporation fot" whom such trustee durable form-ready for instant reference. is acting, is given also that the said two paragraphs con~ tain statements embracing affiant's ,full knowledge and Missionary Review Pub. Co. belief as to the circumstances and conditions under ;;~~h~~~~ckfh~db~~kasn~t~h~~~;;~~~rsa:'~u!~e~,oth~rd stock and securities in a capacity other than that of a bona fide owner and this affiant has no reason to believe that any other person, association, or corporation has any interest direct or indirect in the said stock, bonds, or other secui-ities than as so stated by him.

(Signed) R. H. Howland.

156 Fifth Ave., Sworn to and sub:icribed before me thiI lat day of October.. 1920.

New York. Benedicta McCann, . Notary Public No. 14 New York County.

t~J. ~Y:mJf:.°fD ~:!f:er¥.a~:";~o~9~~.

PI…. 1Il000ti-.. TalC I4I…e"uy RIIvxlw •• , •• WGU.II In wriliD& te ……tia…

BOOKS

A History of the Japanese People. By Make Your Xmas Gifts Count Capt. F. Brinkley, R. A. 8vo. 780 pp. $4.50. The Encyclopaedia Bri- Write for our Christmas catalogue (free) which tannica Co, N ew York. 1920. io packed full of helpful Gift auggeotlon. • THE Character Building in Kashmir. By C. E. Tyndale-Biscoe. 12 mo. 95 pp. <!ClJrlS)tian 3 shillings. Church Missionary So- <!Caltnbar . ciety, London. FOR 1921 Village Education in lndia. Report of Features Commission of Inquiry. 12 mo. 200 pp. Oxford University Press, New Sunday School York. 1920. Leason. and Triumphs of the Gospel in the Belgian Daily Readinl'8 Congo. By Rev. Robert Dabney Car~TC::,~••n Bedinger. 12mo. 218 pp. $.50 paper. Presbyterian Committee of Publica- EACH DAY tion, Richmond, Va. 1920. TWELVE Finding A Way Out (An Autobiogra- BEAUTIFUL phy). By Robert Russa Motow. Bvo ENGRAVINGS 290 pp. Doubleday Page & Co., New York. 1920. Frontispiece A. W. SOORD'S American Bible Society, -One Hundred and Third Annual Report 1919. 8vo. Maaterpiece 540 pp. American Bible Society. ~T~: ~~:$~h:;f~; Evangelische Missionskunde. By D. Julius Richter. 8vo. 450 pp. Leip- work p08aible zig. 1920. 25 ee.nt.. Medical Missions. By Walter R. Lam- 5 for $1.00 bu.th. 12mo. 218 pp. $1.00. Student 25 for 4.75 Volu.nteer Movement. New York 50 for 9.00 City. 1920. 100 for 17.00 The Real Christ. By R. A. Torrey, BEST for BEAUTY and HELPFULNESS. IDEAL fo D. D. 12mo. 190 pp. $1.75 George H. Doran Co., New York. 1920. thi:-' CHRISTMAS GIFT. AGENTS WANTED. Send Z5c I.

~::5: sti!;:lf;!:-i;«al~':: ::r~:t:. to Sell it-A Child Evangelical Publishers mR~Nlio~c~~ADA CHRISTMAS EXTRAORDINARY Approaches Towards Church Unity. By Get EARTH'S GOLDEN DAY- Newman Smyth and Williston Wal- (The birthday of the Prince of Pea.ce) ker. 8vo. 170 pp. $1.25. Yale Uni- for your Sunday School or Young versity Press, New York. 1920. People'. Christmas Service and you will have a .trong, Im~resslve program Four Hitherto Unpublished Gospels. with Ii mean~. Words by Rev. By Rev. William E. Barton, D. D. George O. Webster; music by J. H. 12mo. 150 Pp. George H. Doran Co., Fillmore. Sample sent for .. 2·cent New York. 1920. stamps. It will be worth the price if you use but one song or e~ercise trom It.

The Truth About Christian Science. By Give us your address (or others James H. Snowden, D. D. 8vo. 310 Interested) and we will mall free a now pp. $2.40. Westminster Press, New catalog ot Chri!tmas services, cantatM, York. 1920. recitations and d1aJogs, 80108, duets, trios, quartets tor women's volcea, also Report of a Conference On The Leper- men's voices. and anthems for mixed Problem in India. 8vo. 158 pp. voices. Orissa Mission Press. 1920. HYMNS FOR TODAY, .. ne… 1020 The Powers of Darkness, or Some Ob- hymnal for Sunday Bchool and church. servations in Demonology. By A. contalru 20 Christmas hymllJl and two ChrIBtmas service programs. Sample· COpy sent tor examination. Orcheo- trated.

Mildred Cable. 12mo. 20 pp. (pa- II Interested In Sunday School orchesper). Morgan & Scott, London. China tra music. you ahoUld know ….he.t we Inland Mission, Philadelphia, To- havo lor you. Write.

ronto, Melbourne and Shanghai.

1920. FILLMORE MUSIC HOUSE A Vision of No Man's Land. By Sen- 527 Elm St. Cincinnati, O. ior Subaltern. 12mo. 42 pp. Paper.

One shilling. Morgan & Scott, China Inland Mission, London. 1920.

Please mention THE MIBBIONABY REVIEW OP THD WORLD In wrttluC to advertisers II The Sons of Pastor H. S. I. Translated from Chinese by Francesca French. A Vital Message 12mo. 43 pp. paper. Morgan & which drives home Scott, London. 1920.

If you want to reach the people Home Mission Trails. By Jay S. with a message which grips their StowelL 12mo. 208 pp. $1.25. The hearts. which deals with the great- Abingdon Press, New York. 1920. est of all subjects-the Christian- ization of the world. which trans- Rural Evangelism. By James E. wagf forms a local provincial church nero 12mo. 176 pp. $1.00. The into one of world-wide propor- Abindgon Press, New York. 1920. tions. you should get. the six-reel Christianity the Final Religion. By Missionary Photoplay Samuel M. Zwemer. 12mo. 109 pp. Eerdmans-Sevensma, Grand Rapids, "Problems of Pin-Hole Paris~" Mich. 1920.

for display in your community. Methods of Church School Administra- A remarkable life story strikingly tion. By Howard J. Gee. 16mo. portrayed on the motion picture $1.00. Fleming H. Revell New York screen. especially adapted for and Chicago. 1920. ' church use. Write today' for booking and particulars. The The Sunday School Between Sundays. World Missionary Drama League, !3y E. C. Knapp. 12mo. $1.25. Flem- 1813 Stevens Bldg.. 17 N. State mg H. Revell, New York and Chi- Street. Chicago, lll. cago. 1920.

Old Bibles Map of Europe-4 ft. 4 in. x 3 ft. 6 in. Re .. Bound In Colors. Bond paper, $2.75; Map C!0th, $4.50; 90th Mou.nting, $5.50 Haven't you often wanted that old With complete mdex 48 pp. The Lit- Bible re-bound-that old Bible with all erary Digest, Funk and Wagnalls Co. 1920. its associations and sentiment? You Over 1200 cities, towns and rivers have wondered where you could have the work done and perhaps you have are indicated on this map and are thought the price would be prohibitive. indexed in the accompanying folder.

The old and new boundaries of the countries of Europe are clearly shown, and in the inset of Africa there are indicated the disposition of the former German colonies. The map is a beautiful and clear piece of lithography, prepared with the assist- ance of the American Govt:rnment and the American Geographical So- ciety. It is a valuable map for office, school or home. .

The rebinding of Bibles requires the work- Map of the Near East, compiled by S.. manship and services of men who have made W. Boggs. Scale 1; 5,000,000. 27 a specialty of this kind of work. You can in. by 39 in. Price $1.00. Colorsf have your Bible expertly rebound iii leather 25 Madison Ave., New York City~ or cloth. 1920.

Send me your Bible by parcel post insured This map is clear and full of – I will send you an estimate of the cost accurate and up-to-date information in regard to the new boundaries and 8ubject to your approval before the worle i. the location of Protestant mission stations. There is an inset of Syria done. and Palestine and another giving full details of the various missionary R. H. HOWLAND societies in each station. The labor 156 Fifth Ave., New York that cost thousands of dollars to gather is here available for $1.00.

Please mention THIC MIS51QNAllY ~vn,w 0" 'l'HJC WO.LD in writing to advertisers

HARRY EMERSON FOSDICK'S NEWHEveryday Life" book THE announcement "The Meaning of SERVICE" of a new Fosdick book is an event of Will be Ready DECEMBER 3rd particular moment to the Christian world. Hundreds of thousands have been helped and inspired by his messages on Prayer and FOSDICK'S trilogy on the Faith. They. will find this book timely, meaning of Christianityvirile, impressive-and equally appealing in its human interest and spirit of Christian "The Meaning of Prayer" leadership. $1.15 The NEED for "The Meaning of Service" "The Meaning of Faith" Each generation sees some new aspect of Christianity lifted to the front. Today the terrific problems handed $1.35 to us through the World War are calling for a type of and NOW Christianity which shall express itself in serviceable action. "The MeaningofService"

$1.25 The DOMINANT PURPOSE back of this book Dr. Grenfell has said-"ReIigion is action, not diction." A WORTH. WHILE This has been Dr. Fosdick's keynote in writing this book. CHRISTMAS GIFT The CHALLENGE For the sake of the integrity of Christian character, the A SPECIALLY BOUND progress of the Christian Church, and of the World, Dr. Fosdick says—"We need a new hatred of uselessness in SET of Harry Emerson institutions and persons, and a new baptism of sacrificial Fosdick's three "Meanand effective service. . . . Unless Christianity can face ings"- the tremendous tasks that this new generation presents with an outpouring of self-sacrificing services and good "The Meaning of Prayer" will proportionate to the need, we shali register a lament- "The Meaning of Faith" able failure instead of the snccess which we might "The Meaning of Service" achieve." The three books, uniformly bound Handy, pocket edition volume, printed in cloth, with morocco ridge, gold on THIN paper, bound in art leather stamped, gilt top, with silk marker, cloth, round cornered. PRICE, $1.25. encased in an attractive carton.

$5.00, postage paid ============================================================ Caooa~j PURPOSE 'V At .your bookstore ASSOCIATION PRESS or from us 347 Madison Ave., New York Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers

• SEND A BOOK PERSONALS to YOUR FRIEND on the MISSION FIELD DR. CHARr.JtS R. WATSON, President of Cairo University, plans to return to Egypt THE CHRISTMAS SHRINE or The Makers of Peace in January to take up his permanent resi- dence there. by Winifred Kirkland *** The Peace of Bethlehem on Christmas night, the deep love of the Holy family, DR. G. SH!tRWOOD EDDY, after conduct- these are to be kept alive in our homes ing evangelistic campaigns in Czecho- throughout the year. A book exquisitely Slovakia, Austria and Germany, and bound, which by the beauty of its pages during September and October in EgYP( carries the Christmas message of peace visited the American colleges in Turke;., and love to your friends. Price, boards at Beirut, Smyrna and Constantinople. 85 cents. * >I< >I< DREAMS AND VOICES REV. ERNEST W. RIGGS, President of Compiled by Grace Hyde Trine Euphrates College, Harpoot, has gone to Constantinople to direct the educational A collection of modern Mother and Child work in aU the Near East Relief Or- verie which gives us hope for the endur- phanages in Asia Minor, Syria and the ing beauty and strong comradeship of Caucasus. family life. Some of the contributors are-Robert W. Service, Josephine Pres- * * >I< ton Peabody, Henry Van Dyke, Angela Morgan, Percy Mackaye. The book it- BISHOP AND MRS. FRJW B. FISHJtR of self has a lovely soft blue cover which the Methodist Episcopal Church, after makes you impatient to read it. Price, visiting England to discuss plans with the $2.00 boxed. British missionary societies, will take up tlreir residence in Calcutta, India, the dis- A WOMAN'S POINT OF trict to which Bishop Fisher has been VIEW: Some Roads to Peace assigned.

by Harrlot Stanton Blatch * * >I< A record of facts with constructive con- HaN. JOHN WANAMAKJtR was elected clusions and a strong program for prog- President of the World's Sunday School ress by one of America's foremost think- School Association at the Tokyo Con- ing women. The New York Tribune venti on. has said of it, "'A Woman's Point of View' is informed with so strong a con- '" '" '" viciton and so keen an intelligence that it is likely to make its way even against DR. HJtNRY FOWI,JtR of Siao-Kan, China, the common weariness." Price, $1.25. has accepted the Secretaryship of the Mission to Lepers for Eastern Asia. CHRIST IN THE POETRY OF TODAY * '" * Compiled by Martha Foote Crow RltV. JACOB HJtINRICHS, D. D., a mis- sionary of the Baptist Society in South The title is in itself explanatory ;-an India, has been designated as special rep- anthology of unusual charm and beauty. resentative to visit the Baptists of Alsace- Bound in red cloth with gold lettering. Lorraine and Germany. A gift book for anyone who appreciates beautiful poetry. Price, $2.00 boxed. * '" * BOOKSHOPS EVERYWHERE DR. Ar.BERTUS PIETERS of the Reformed or Church Mission in Japan, expects to re- turn to his field at the end of December. THE WOMANS PRESS '" '" '" 600 Lexinllton Ave., New York City MRS. JAMES SIIlREE, for over forty-five years a missionary of the Church of Scot- land in Madagascar, died July 21st.

* '" * Rllv. GILBERT DARr.INGTON, D. D., who served as overseas chaplain during tt war, has been appointed Treasurer the American Bible Society, to fill the vacancy made by the death of Mr. Wil- liam Foulke.

*** REv. FRED L. BROWNLEE of Cleveland, Ohio, has been appointed Secretary of Missions under the American Missionary Association. * * >I< Dr. Robert E. Speer has been elected to the Presidency of the Federal Coun- cil of the Churches of Christ in America, to succeed Dr. Frank Mason North.

Please lIIentlon THB MIBBIONAlIY RmVIBW OJ' '1'BlI WORLD In wrltlnc to advertl.er~

If You Want a Thing Well Done Do It Yourself Would you let strangers run your business? Would you let strangers invest your money? Would you let strangers control your home?

NO Why let strangers administer your estate? Why let strangers provide for your family? Why let strangers pay your benevolences?

Buy Life Annuity Bonds They make you your own executor. They guarantee a regular income to~your family. They insure your money being devoted to missions.

Full particulars will be sent you immediately if you address: George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City, or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

..

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The Nam.e of a Friend You have many of them. You could, without difficulty, write down the names of TIfty friends. Certainly, you could draw up a list of ten friends who are church members, who want to see Christ's Kingdom promoted here, friends who are interested in missions-or who can become interested in mISSIOns. It would not take you five minutes to draw up such a list.

YOU CAN SERVE YOU CAN HELP YOU CAN DO YOUR PART BY SENDING US SUCH A LIST Every subscriber we secure for the MISSIONARY REVIEW means a friend more deeply interested in missions.

Every friend more deeply interested in missions means a new worker for missions.

Every new worker at home means stronger backing for the missionaries in the field.

Every bit of added backing for the missionaries means more men and women converted to Christ.

And you can start this ball-a-rolling by sending us a list of your friends.

That is all you need do We will do the rest We will send your friends a letter introducing the REVIEW.

We will present to them the world-wide opportunities for missionary success today.

We will awaken them· to their responsibility-to their opportunity. .

MAY WE COUNT ON YOU? Send us your list today! 'Now!

MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 156 Fifth"-<ve., New York Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Oli' THE WORLD in writing to advertisers

Could You Read Just I~!:ti~ Out With Your Hands? THE MALDEN SURVEY Thousands of blind must! A Report on the Church Pla.n:ts of a typical dty. showing the $10 will pay for a Tes- use of the Interchurch World Movement Score Card and tament and $2 for a Standards for Rating City Church Plants. Gospel in blind type. Souvenir verse free. Compiled under the direction of Professor Help us also give the Bible to immigrants, Walter S. Athearn seamen 'and the poor. Author of A NATIONAL SYSTEM OF EDUCATION, Director School of Religious Education and Social Service. Boston Write us about Annuity Universlty. Bonds This great source book 01 inlormation lor City Church Workers marks the beginning of a new epocb in the organization, administra.- tion and cooperation of religious bodies in urban communities. Ex~ haustlve data.. Compiled with Bclentlfic accuracy and thorough- ness. Square 12mo. Net. $2.50 PICTURES IN RELICIOUS EDUCATION Frederica Beard Autbor of PRAYERS FOR USE IN HOME, SCHOOL AND SUNDAY SCHOOL.

A book that fully meets the needs or Btble teachers 10r a. complete ~~~;:ll~~ ~~d~~ri~tpft:;:~~riJbo~~~~aw~:~~~ianThstg~t~U~ 12mo. Illustrat.ed. Net, $1.75 THE ENCHANTED CARDEN Every kind of Bible for sale: Scofield, Alexander R. Gorden, D. Lilt., D. D. Oxford, Bagster, Cambridge, Holman, Nelson, at Special Discounts. Author of The POETS of the OLD TESTAMENT. A series of story sermons 10r cbtJdren covering the leading events in Universal Bible Sunday, Dec. 5th. ~~e~~ft~for~~~~is ~rt~~t~~is~ noted tor the&~~~ a~~t~rtf:1to CREATEST THOUCHTS No change in date. Free literature ABO·UT COD J. Gilchrist Lawson NEW YORK BIBLE SOCIETY Author of GREATEST THOUGHTS ABOUT JESUS CHR1ST This third volume in the "Greatest Thoughts Series" offers the min_ 676 Madison Ave. (tilth year) New York Ister. teacher and Bible stUdent an exhaust·lve colleotlon of de1lnl- tlOIl8 and characterizatIons of Deity from every known source. FuUy classified and indexed for ready reference. 12mo. Net. $1.15 CONTENDINC FOR THE FAITH Rev. Leander S. Keyser, D. D. A notable restatement of the elllCDtiais of the ChrIRtJan [aitb by an able, conSfJrvative scholar. A book that calls with a voice of au- thority and oonvlctlon to a renewal-ot faith. 8vo. Net. $3.00 TRAININC THE $100.00 DEVOTIONAL LIFE for Your Church Luther Allan Weigle Today's Housewife has helped churches all over the country and Henry Hallam Tweedy to raise funds in a refined, dig- A model little te:o!:t book on the art of traln1.Dg chIldren in nrayeI;. nified manner. Far superior pratse and worshlp. Net, 75c. to the usual, threadbare, tiring NEW FURROWS IN OLD FIELDS supper, sociable or bazaar. Not a cent of expense or risk. William C. Covert, D. D: Write today for details, Church A book which prescribes anplied Christianity as the one remedy tOl" Aid Department, all our present-day social and ~dustrlalllIs. Net, $1.50 Today's Housewife, A NATIONAL SYSTEM OF EDUCATION Prof.WalterS.Athearn Practical plans tor a nation-wide advance in religious educaUon. . Net. 11.50 A BETTER WORLD Tyler Dennett Author of "THE DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT IN ASIA." A review of the world's rel1J:lous resources and their appllcatlon to Lbe rcalhiation of democrat1. Ideals. Net. $1.50 APT ILLUSTRATIONS FOR PUBLIC ADDRESSES A. Bernard Webber A hotable eollection of fresh. orIginal incidents covering a wide range OJ subjects Net. $1.50 THE USE OF THE STORY IN RELICIOUS 'EDUCATION 100 Main St.

Cooperstown, New York GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY 244 Madison Avenue, New York Pu bllsher. In America for Hodder & Stou~hton rlells~ lpentlon TIfI' MJpSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD In writing to advertisers

"My Hair Turned White I•n a Single Night"

He was one of our Baptist Polish missionaries It was in Russian Poland, in 1914- The Czar had determined to exile 3,000,000 German-speaking Poles to Siberia (a strategic mistake, for they were anti-German politically). In the early evening the officer knocked at his door and gave him his orders: they must leave at daybreak. In the morning his hair was white.

Another of our noble Baptists, a deacon and a lay preacher, the director of a big linen mill in Riga, a bank auditor and a man of affairs and position in society, had less than six hours to prepare for Siberia.

When these and other Baptists came back from Siberia, what did they find? Homes devastated, churches wrecked, farms ravaged by war, implements gone, money depr~ciated. This is one of the reasons why our Baptist brethren in Europe need our help now.

Relief for Poland includes help to 225 widows, 400 unemployed families, 300 orphans, 3 ministers, widows and children, 3 aged pastors, 15 aged couples, 19 pastors, students in four universities, loans to 35 Polish Baptist farmers for rehabilitation.

Baptists of the North: We are called upon to raise $500,000 for these needs, and those of France, Czecho-Slovakia and other European countries. One-third of it is needed immediately. .This fund will count on the One Hundred Million Fund. Let no Baptist church fail to do its share.

We have been carrying on missionary work in Europe through our Foreign Missionary Society for decades. N ow is the time for us to "strengthen the things that remain," to hearten the workers and to make sure our future welcome because we fail them not in the hour of their distress.

THE GENERAL BOARD OF PROMOTION OF _276 Fifth Avenue THE NORTHERN BAPTIST CONVENTION New York City Please mention THE MISSIONAlIl" REVlBW 0' THE WORLD In wrltlnc to advertlsers

-CHRISTIAN

PUBLICATION SOCIETY, Inc.

Interdenomlnational-Non-Sectarian.

OFFICERS RT. REV. CHARLES S. BURCH, D. D., LL.D., President, New York City. REV. KENNETH MACKENZIE, Secretary, Westport, Conn. WILLIAM W. McALPIN, Treasurer, 83 Bible House, New York City.

Bishop Burch in writing to Churchmen about the work of of the Society says: "In the Hebrew-Christian Publication Society we have an agency which must inspire confidence and hope. This organization, now in its seventh year, seeks to reach the Jewisb people through the printed page. The Hebrew race is conspicuous for its love of reading; and the leaflet kindly tendered is sure of a tolerant reception. While the spoken word may arouse antagonism, often because of the spirit in which it may be offered, the printed word begs for silent thought, reason and acceptance.

"In the person of Mr. B. A. M. Schapiro, the Managing Director, the Society possesses a nian of rare qualities. A Jew by birth, a Christian and a Churchman by Confession, he brings to his task a knowledge of Hebrew, Yiddish, and of the Talmud and Jewish Traditions which affords him a wide field of thought. His grasp of the essential doctrines of the Christian faith is comprehensive and convincing. His spiritual insight is keen and his devotion to our Lord Jesus (tried in the fires) is indicative of his call to His Service. He loves his people and he writes for them with apostolic zeal. Eminent scholars have strongly endorsed his works and not a few have personally commended his methods, during the past quarter of a century.

"The great question is an adequate supply of this valuable literature for the increasing demands made upon the Society by Missionary Boards and individual workers. If the opportunity is embraced and at once, incalculable good must ensue. And I hope that this personal plea for a generous support of this laudable underlaking may find a cordial response on all sides by those to whom God has entrusted His stewardship."

The Hebrew-Christian Publication Society, in order to give an intelligent idea what its aim is, will send to the readers of The Missionary Review, a set of the following pamphlets, FREE, as long as they last: 1. The Aim of the Society. 2. Saul, the Pharisee, and Paul, the Christian or The Law and the Gospel. 3, Jesus and His Kinsmen. 4. Sacrifices, their Origin and Significance.

Also a copy of their magazine The People, the Land and the Book,. organ of the Society; These tracts are not only convincing to the Jew but strengthen and illuminate the Christian.

WRITE TO-DAY IN ORDER TO SECURE THESE VALUABLE PUBLICATIONS FREE Address Hebrew-Christian Publication Society· Dept.P., 83 Bible House, New York, N. Y.

l'leue menlloa TBE MrmONARY lUVIBW OF TBIi WolW> in writing to advertisers

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The Missionary Review of the World — June 1919

XLII NUMBER

JUNE, i919 THE VALUE OF INOUSTRIAL TRAINING J. DU PLESSIS MEN AND MINERALS IN KATANGA JOHN M. SPRINGER THE PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOL IN AFRICA SIR HARRY JOHNSTONE AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO'

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HARTFORD ~orbon jiible (!College W. Douglas Mackenzie President SCHOOLOFTBEOLOGY 'Theological Seminary SCHOOL OF MISSIONS – Dean, M. W. Jacobus THEOLOGICAL, Missionary, Religious-Educational College School of Religious Pedagogy course of 4 years. Graduate School Dean, E. H. Knight of Theology, 3-year course. Col- Kennedy School of Missions legiate and advanced degrees. Two • year collegiate training course. In- Secretary, E. W. Capen terdenominational. A power-house Through these associated schools Hartford of evangelistic spirit, a School of -offers full training for: Prayer, with university standards I. The Clu"lstiu miDistry. of scholarship. N otahle faculty and 2. The whale field of religions edncation. 3. The foru'gn field. student body. New and beautiful fireproof buildings, with dormi- Each school has its independent faculty and its own institutional life, and together tories. Organized religious work. they form one interdenominational ins!i!Dtion Self-support. For catalog and corwith the unity of common aim and SPlnt. ; respondence, address NATHAN R. WOOD, President Gordon Bible College Boston, Mass..

Please mention TH:E: MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE; WORLD in writing to advertisers THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. EJiior.

CONTENTS FOR JUNE. 1919 FRONTISPIECE-SCllNllS IN 'I'Hll KORllAN INDllPllNDllNCll MOVEMllN'l'

SIGNS OF THE TIMES . • 401 THll LllAGuJt OJ! NA'l'IONS THll LItAGUit OJ! DENOMINA'l'IONS STRUGGLJt YOR LIBllR'l'Y IN KORllA SHALL CHRlS'l'IANS IN'l'1lRVJtNJt IN RUSSIA?

JESUS CHRIST ALL IN ALL. A Bible Study . . By SAMUEL M. ZWllMllR 409 THE VALUE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN MISSIONS By J. DU PUSSI! 411 An illuminating paper giving reasons for emphasis on industrial training among primitive peoples. Illustrated with photographs.

MEN AND MINERALS IN KATANGA . By JOHN M. SPRINGllR 421 The great need and opportunity in the mineral fields of South Africa, a place where men are ruined or rescued. Illustrated with photographs.

PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOL IN AFRICA . . By SIR HARRY JOHNS'l'ONit 426 The former governor of British East Africa, an authority on the subject, shows the effect of alcohol on the native races of Africa and the steps toward prohibition.

AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO. By SAMUllL GUY INMAN 431 A full account of the new program whereby the territory in Mexico is to be divided for missionary work among variof'-S denominations. With map.

SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA By JAMES DllXTllR TAYLOR 439 The far reaching effects of the defeat of Germany are clearly shown in re- lation to missions in German colonies.

THE CHURCH AND THE INDUSTRIAL SITUATION By CHARLES A. BROOKS 447 One of the secretaries of the Baptist Home Mission Society shows the in- creased responsibility of the Church in view of the large industrial centers that have developed during the past few years.

BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT . . Edited by MRS. E. C. CRONK 453 WORKING BY PROXY WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN Edited by MRS. WM. H. FARMllR 459 CHRISTIAN LI'l'llRA'l'URll YOR MISSION FIllLDS NEWS FROM MANY LANDS • 464 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY . 479 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1919, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y, under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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PUBLICATION OFFICE:. EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE:. COOPERSTOWN. N. Y. 1S6 FIFTH AVE.• NEW YORK CITY.

RoBItR~ E. Spl!JlR, President D1lLJtVAN L. PIltRSON, Secretory FRANK L. BROWN, Vice-President WAL'l'llR McDOUGALL, Treasurer NATIONAL PROSPERITY DR. ARTHUR JUDSON BROWN BRINGS GREATER RESPONSIBILITY Secretary of the Presbyterian Board for Foreign Missions, devotes 11 chapters in Some VI CP""U"R"'PWOISTEH' With his new book NEW Books Fresh The Mastery of the Far East Statements to the place of Christian missions among the rcconstructh e forces in the Far East, pur- The Business Man tkul'lrly in Korea. He also discusses briland His "Overflow" {81Ml1~ liantly tJ,e political, economic and social phases of the F8.r Eastern situation. WIUIAM E. SWEET MAN 671 pp., map, illustrated, $6.00 A successful business man's prc:o;cnta- APilgrim In Palestine tion of how t.o spend the mur:;in of ono's By JOHN FINLEY =:i:c f~~ :~~rJYp~~r~~,.ivitieCJo;hI,I~J! CommiS8ioner of Education of the Slate of New York Christianity's Unifying Fundamental THOUGHT~1;~ Dr. Finley, long a close student of the HENRY F. WARING LAYMEN Holy r.and, was an ideal choice for Red Cross Comrrissioner to Palestine. He de.cribes Deven)s the realil.y of Christ-and points bere !-is night on the Mount of Olives, h;s journeys on foot from Beersheba to Dan, from the way to the acceptance of that real- Jaffa to Jericho and in many of the "byity in the fullest measure. Clolh~ $l,Z5 paths" to historic places. Illustrated, $2.00 Hearth and Altar FOR THE I[~CHARLES SCRIBNERs SONS OSCAR L. JOSEPH HOME ~FlFTIl AVE.AT48~ST. NEWYORK A five minnIe family devotional sf"A'vice is huilt around a themo for each of thirteen weelu., of great value individually and sociany~ Cloth, $1.2:5 Heroes FOR BOYS HUGH A. MORAN AND PARENTS Twelve ~rentlivf'-s are studied ill n way which Jlelps a hero-Joving hoy to apply the principles of Christiunliving 10 his own life. Cloth, 7St At your Book Store or frOnl us I I lVl'ile for Folder: Ilcconslrucl ion Books ASSOCIATION PRESS YOU CAN STAY AT HOME Publication Department and International Committee, Y .11. C. A. PREACH THE GOSPEL TO 347 MADISON AVENUE – NEW YORK MOHAMMEDANS – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – .__ . – – – – – – – – – – – – through One of the aims of our advertising depart- The American Christian Literature ment is to be helpful to those of Society for Moslems OUR READERS (Incorporated in 191$) who are seeking infonnation about articles they wish to purchase whether found in This Society is Interdenominational our advertising columns or not. We will Committees of Missionaries Cooperate' on gladly answer your inquiries and endeavor to fulfil your requirem..nts by putting you the Fields in touch with responsible business houses. .The Literature is Adapted to Moslems OUR ADVERTISERS The Messages are Thoroughly Evangelical The Tracts are Printed Attractively are deserving of your patronage. We be- They go where no Missionaries are allowed speak for them your consideration. They can be read in secret and rt'peatedly Business Department Many Moslems have been converted through Tracts. Missionary Review Pub. Co. Inc. Will you help give Moslems the Gospel? 156 Fifth Avenue New York City Write fOl' information as to membership, needs, sample tracts, meetings of auxiliaries, etc., to MRS. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Secretary Box 888, New York City OTHER OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D. D., of Cairo, Pr(;sident Dr. Robert E. Speer of New York, Vi~e President Delavan L. Pierson of New York, Vice President Dr. James L. Barton Mrs. Wm. Rordru Dr. Frank Mason Nort.h Mrs. Wm. B. Hill Mr. Fermdl P. Turner Miss Anna 1.. Dawes Dr. Charles H. Tyndall Mrs. Fillh,y J. Shepard Dr. Charles R. Watson Mrs. D. L. Pierson SEND GUTS TO Mrs. E. E. Olcott 322 West 75th St., New York, Treasurer Please mention THlt MISS]ONARY Rtvn:w ot" 'tHlC WORLD in writing to advertisers 1919 Missionary Conferences and Conventions Woman's Summer Schools of Missions JUNE 2- 7-0klahoma City, Okla., Mrs. H. S. Gilliam, 2244 W. 13th St., Oklahoma City. 2- 7–St. Paul, Minn., Mrs. W. B. Smith, 1044 Marshall Avp., St. Paul, Minn. 2- 7-Los Angeles, Cal., Mrs. E. Y. Van Meter, 4972 Pasadena Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. 19-26-Winona Lake, Ind., Mrs. C. E. Vickers, 312 N. Elmwood St., Oak Park, Ill.

26-July 3-Lake Geneva, Wis., Mrs. C. E. Vickers, 312 N. Ehnwood St., Oak Park, Ill. JULY 1- 8-Northfield, Mass. (Home Missions), Mrs. Tabor Knox, Warwick, New York.

5-12-Mt. Hennon, Cal., Mrs. H. A. Johnson, 2848 Derby St., Berkeley, Cal. 9-17-Northfield, Mass. (Foreign Missions), Miss Helen Calder, 704 Congregational House, Boston, Mass. 17-23-Bay View, Mich., Miss Carrie Barge, Delaware, Ohio. 19-27-Tarkio, Mo., Mrs. E. C. Little, Tarkio, Mo. 2(}-26-Lakeside, Ohio, Mrs. John Mitchell, Lakeside, Ohio. 3(}-Aug. 8-Wooster, Ohio, Mrs. Smith Comley, 57 S. Champion Ave., Columbus, Ohio. AUG. 1- 8-Mt. Lake Park, Md., Miss Susan C. Lodge, 1720 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. 9-17-New Wihnington, Pa., Miss Anna Milligan, 200 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa. . 24-3O-Chautauqua, New York, Mrs. T. E. Adams, 2033 E. 88th St., Cleveland, Ohio. SEPT. 21-27-DalIas, Texas, Mrs. L. P. Smith,33l9 Drexel Drive, Dallas, Tex. Dates not known-Boulder, Colo., Mrs. B. D. Wilson, 1400 Detroit St., Denver, Colo.

-Chambersberg, Pa., Miss Mary Peacock, Torresdale, Pa. -Denton, Tex., Mrs. F. B. Carroll, Denton, Tex. -Monmouth, III., Mrs. T. H. McMichael, Monmouth, Ill. –Sterling, Kans., Mrs. J. W. Duff, Sterling, Kans.

Interchurch World Movement Conferences (Formerly Under the Auspices of the Missionary Education Movement) JUNE 24-July 3-Blue Ridge, N. C., Rev. E. C. Cronk, 124 E. 28th St. New York City. JULY 4-13-Silver Bay, New York, Rev. E. C. Cronk, 124 E. 28th St., New York City.

11-2o-Estes Park, Colo., Dr. William J. Minchin, 415 Temple Court Bldg., Denver, Col. 15-24-Asilomar, Cal., Rev. J. C.Worley, 1I01 Wright & Callen dar Bldg., Los AngeJes, Cal. 18-27-0cean Park, Me., Rev. J. P. Broadhead, 53 Mt. Vernon St., Boston, Ma5s. 25-Aug. 3-Lake Geneva, Wis., Dr. Reuben L. Breed, 19 S. La Salle St., Chicago, Ill. 3(}-Aug. 8-Seabeck, Wash., Rev. John H. Matthj!ws, Sixth and University Sts., Seattle, Wash.

Canadian JUNE 3(}-July 7,…….Whitby, Ontano, Rev. H. C. Priest, 538 Confederation Life Bldg. Toronto. JULY 1(}-17-Knowlton, Quebec, Rev. H. C. Priest 538 Confederation Life Bldg., Toronto.

22-29-WolfviIIe, Nova Scotia, Rev. H. C. Priest, 538 Confederation Life Bldg., Toronto.

Miscellaneous JUNE 24-29-China Inland Mission Conference, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, 507 Church St., Toronto.

JULY 8-13–Summer School of Missions, Oxford, Pa., Rev. C. S. Cleland, 802 N. 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

13-2I-SOuthern Presbyterian Conference, Montreat, North Carolina, Mrs. W. C. Wins- borough, 520 Dehnar Bldg., St. Louis, Mo.

16–27-United Evangelical Conference, Baltimore, Ohio, ReV. H. V. Summers, 1410 Wesley Ave., Columbus, Ohio.

2(}-26-Methodist Mis!.ionary Conference, Lakeside, Ohio. 23-Aug. 6-Southern Methodist Conference, Lake Junaluska, N. C., John W. Shack- ford, 810 Broadway, Nashville, Tenn. 28-Aug. 3-Methodist Missionary Conference, Ocean Grove. N. J., Mrs. Wm. R. Blackie, 239 E. 237th St., New York City. AUG. 1(}-I4–8ummer School of Missions, Xenia, Ohio, Mrs. Joseph Kyle, Xenia, Ohio. Pr..sbyterian Young People's Conferences, Rev. Wm. Ralph Hall, Witherspoon Bldg., Phila- delphia, Pa. Reformed Church Conferences, Rev. John H. Poorman, 15th & Race Sts.; Philadelphia, Pa. Canadian Conferences, Rev. F. C. Stephenson, M.D., 299 Queen St., West, 'toronto. Christian and Missionary Alliance Conference~, Rev. R. H. Glover, M. D., 690 Eighth Ave., New York City.

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the large, bold type. EDITORIAL"AND BUSINESS CHAT Then by "Just turning the knob" t~e .~ GERMAN MISSIONARIES IN t'f~e' 8 'ua.a.v. "to,. …. CHINA )~"~a.. oo,.,..avo~a..~oe. Some misSIOnaries in China object very strongly to the action of the Al- ~y Sund4Y School set'c8$. lies in compelling the Chinese Government to expel two hundred German "Many Typewriters In One" Protestant missionaries from the Republic. At the request of a number "l!B Would ~ou like to know wlw the of missionaries from other countries, the Government exempted these Ger- ~tlP~",,~…am.,j°;~:J.r W~ul:n man missionaries from deportation, but is now compelled to reverse the you in 'our words: decision. The churches, schools, and hospitals of these German nlissions Because of iu yer. .tlllty! aries must be closed and thousands of young Chinese Christians left unshep- The Multiplex Hammond does everyherded, unless other Protestant mis- thing any other typewriter wUl do, sionaries can assume responsibility for and Iwlid••, U yon "Just turn the the work. The Chiinese connected knob" you can change from ODe style with the German missions have beg- of $ype, or from one langcage. to anged that their pastors might remain, other. Note the ahove speclmeu but their appeals have been unavail- (slightly redueed) all Vlril"" 0" IA. ing. The missionaries of Allied SAMB tnachin•• countries do not desire the enforcement of this decree, but the Allied No Other Typewriter Can Do Thi. governments demand it. No matter IDh. American Motherhood you "ret what 70U For Every Home in the Land are. or whaTe you are. the Multiplex Reco,nized Authority on HammODd Is the writID g maehlne The MOTHER for YOU. Mall The CHILD and The HOME ~~e':, i~':f'::~ for $1.25 per Year Also a PORTABLE Model With MI..lonary Review, $3.15 Full capacity. Weight about 11 POUDds. Ask Cor special Colder. Mailed Cree. THE ARTHUR H. CRIST CO. Inquire abQut apecial terms to Cooperstown, N. Y. p r o f• •s i o n a l a ____________Free Folder____________• THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. 577 Eaat 69th St •• New York City. Please send tree Folder to: Name________________________ ____________________ Ad~I OCCUpatJOD _______________ Please mention THJt. MISSIONARY R~VI~W OJ? THlt WORLD in writing to advertisers fACTS WORTH QUOTJING For the industrial training of the native some forty schools, all in receipt of government aid, have been established in connection with missionary societies in various parts of South Africa. The ag'gregate enrollment in these institutions in 1914 was 1800 pupils. (See page 420.) Civilization has overtaken the A fricon, increasing his wants, multiplying his expenses and thus compelling him to labor. If he is to survive, it is clear that he must develop new methods and new habits of industry. (See page 414.) Africa, equally with the Balkans, has been the powder magazine of the world. War clouds have hung over Europe more than once because of what European govern- ments were doing in Africa. In Africa are not only the possible spoils of war, but a great opportunity for an experiment in international government. (See page 435.) The full meaning of democracy has not penetrated the mind of the pagan African, nor does he understand the ideals of the League of Nations, but the war has created a psychological atmosphere for missionary work The native is coming ·to recognize education as the basis of the white man's power, and the place where that education is accessible is the mission station. (See page 437.) Mohammedanism has suffered less and benefited more by the war than has Christianity. Christian propaganda centers in schools and mission stations, which in many in- .stances have been closed during the war; while the Mohammedan propaganda cen- tCC"S in the trader, who can qnickly resume his travels on the caravan routes. (See page 439.) The native Africa!, Church has shown the faith and endurance that prove its capacity for a large place in the reconstruction plans of the missionary enterprise. In spite of suffering and persecution, progress toward ·self-suport has been steadily made. Everywhere the native Christian has seized the opportunity of carrying the gospel to other tribes, and as a steadying influence in' the overseas labor corps, he won high praise. (See page 44l.) Each of the eight Boards cooperating in the new program for Mexico will develop an agricultural and mechanical coJlege, strategically located, all of which will be under the supervision of one general secretary, vho will coordinate these schools and endeavor to cooperate with the government and people in a solution of the land problems. (See page 43l.) Seven churches have grown alit of the Presbyterian Chnrch at Elat, West Africa, yet the present membership is over 4000. At an average communion service recently 55 babies and 225 adults were baptized, and 300 persons examined for membership. (See page 464.) A Hindu political leader of prominence reads the New Testament every day, and asserts that the best of all religions is found in the Christian faith which, he says, should be interpreted for India in the light of Hindu metaphysics, rather than Jewish. (See page 470.) A survey of Mexico in 1914 disclosed the fact one city of 35000 had three strong mis- sion normal schools, while another whole state with a million population had not a single evang'e1ica! school. The fads revealed in this survey have brought about a redistribution of territory for missionary work. (See page 431.) In 1800 eighty per cent of the people in America culti"ated the soil. Today only twenty- four per cent are farmers. There arc seventeen great cities in the United States, each of which is larger than any aile of our ten smallest states, yet our ability to create satisfactory social conditions has not kept pace with this changed industrial situa- tion. (See page 447.) N at in vain have the mission schools throughout the world been sending out graduates by the thousand year by year. In India not less than a million new literates are being produced each year, and the governme!it of Japan has seen to it that the people are being taught to read. Literacy among women is growing in the Far East. Must we not send Christian literature to satisfy this thirst for knowledge? (See" page 460.)

~C7 Shall Christians Intervene in Russia?

.. . . . . . . .w '…. LI A MAP OF THE CONTENTS . ..

OUR YEW OF THE WOIUJ) Industrial Training in Missions IN THIS NUMBEI LEADINC AR11a.t.S AND mrrOlUAI::.S AU. INDICATEJ) ItT T1TLE5 THE NUMBER OF NEWS ~ ON EACH COUNTRY IIINDlCAnD BY AItABIC JlUMEltALS

VIII

THE JAPANESE GUARD IN SEOUL, KOREA 'l'hese soldiers kept streets clear arid endeavored to keep Korean shops open A KOREAN CROWD OF NON-RF,SIS'l'ING DI,MONSTRATORS Such peaceful crowds as this were beaten, bayonetted and shot by the Jap3nese SCENES IN THE KOREAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT

MISSIONARY

EVIEW'

VOL J U N E , 1 9 19 NUMBBB SIX XLII THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS I T seems incomprehensible that nineteen centuries can have passed since the coming of Christ into the world and that men have not yet learned a better way to settle disputes than by recourse to arms. The recent war, with its fabulous expenditure of life, money and other resources, has brought about a general desire on the part of civilized nations for the settlement of questions by an appeal to reason and justice rather than by an appeal to force. Militarism has been weighed in the balances and has been found wanting. It will take decades for the world to recover from the results of the recent world war.

Is right to be substituted for physical might as a basis for peace T The need is unquestioned. Disputes and disagreements are certain to arise. Nations desire to expand and to prosper commercially. Primitive peoples are unfit to- govern themselves and yet are unwilling to be under the domination of a foreign power. Some nations are still only partly civilized or have differing ethical standards so that they cannot agree among themselves or with more enlightened nations. Japan desires Korea and takes the peninsula by force rather than have it in possess,ion of her rival, Russia. She seeks Shantung and Manchuria for expansion, and plans to secure the territory,regardless of China's rights. Italy wants Fiume and the Dalmatian Coast, and withdraws from the Peace Conference to enforce her demands. Belgium is dissatisfied with the indemnity awards. Russia, Central Europe and the Balkans are still in turmoil. Egyptians, Arabians, Syrians, Indians and Africans are making their demands and threaten trouble, if they are kept in subjection to European powers. The Philippines demand independence. Ireland struggles to be free from British control. Mexico is still a hot bed of insurrection, and 401

many other states of Latin America are continually on the verge of border warfare or internal revolution. What is to be done to preserve peace ~ The League of Nations is man's answer. It is expected that this League will be adopted. by the Peace Conference .before this number reaches our subscribers, and that it will be adopted by the Allied nations soon afterward. The Covenant provides that the thir- ty-two signatories to the Treaty of Peace, the thirteen other nations invited to become charter members, and such others as are later admitted by a two-thirds vote may become members of the League.

The Council is to consist of representatives of the United States of America, the British Empire, France, Italy and Japan, together with four other members elected from the Assembly which· includes representatives of all the members of the League. Geneva, Switzerland, has been selected as the first seat of the League and Sir James Eric Drummond is the first General Secretary.

No present decision has been reached as to the limitation of armaments, although the wisdom of such limitation is acknowl- edged. Any war or threat of war is considered a matter of con- cern to the League. Disputes between members likely to lead to a rupture are to be first submitted to the League for arbitration and no nation will resort to war until three·months after the re- port by the Council or the award by the arbitrators. A disregard of the covenants Of the League is to be punished by expulsion and "boycotting" the offending nation, and by such forcible means as may be deemed wise.

The German Colonies and Turkish territory that have ceaied to be under control of these nations and are not quite ready for self- government are to be entrusted to more advanced nations as "big brothers" to be trained for self-government. Freedom of conscience and religion is guaranteed in these colonies, but not to such peoples as are now denied them. There is also a provision for prohibition of the liquor traffic and fire arms in Africa.

As to social and economic conditions the members of the League agree to endeavor to secure and maintain fair and humane conditioJlf'

of labor for men, women and children in all countries, the just treatment of natives, the execution of agreements with regard to traffic in women and children, in opium and other dangerous drugs and for the international control and prevention of disease. This docnment is good so far as it goes, but it utterly disregards the unchanged character of human nature. W orId policies and ideals must be revolutionized; and selfishness, national and individual, mnst be uprooted before idealism can be established. The work of Chris- tian missionaries has made possible the progress already attained.

Their courage, their service as pioneocs of civilization, their unselfishness, their teaching of Christian truth and their idealism

19191 SIGNS OF THE TIMES

have raised the peoples of the world to a point where they catch a glimpse of a better way. The principles of brotherhood, of righteousness and of stewardship, expressed in th·e covenants of the League, are the results of Christian teaching.

But there is still much to be learned. Internal troubles may still be settled by. force of arms. Religious liberty may still be deni~d, injustice may still prevail in industry, laws may be disregarded, politics may be corrupt, men and women may be weaklings and hypocrites in spite of the most ideal League. Stability and harmony are based on mutual confidt'nce in each others integrity and unselfishness. Character is the basis of such confidence and the only bedrock of character is Jesus Christ. Not Democracy but Theocracy is the world's hope. The Reign of Jesus Christ is the only reign that will bring Peace.

THE LEAGUE OF DENOMINATIONS I T seems appropriate that with the establishment of a League of Nations, there should also come a League of Denominations in the Interchurch World Movement. Both are intended to promote world wide peace, better understanding between men and greater efficiency and progress. But while the League of Nations is based on international laws and is to hold governments in check, the. League of Denominations is based on loyalty to Jesus Christ and is intendrd to promote His Kingdom on earth. The one is international, designed ultimately to include all civilized nations; the other is inter-denominational, intended to include all evangelical churches in North America.

As there is need for a League of Nations to put an end to international jealousies and conflicts, so there is need of an Interchurch World Movement to put an end to denominational rivalries and to bring about closer cooperation among the followers of Christ in their battIe against ignorance and evil. The Church of Christ should move like one mighty army against the strongholds of Satan. Instead of that, each sect has too often been making its own plans of campaign as though it alone were carrying out our Lord's Great Commission. Over one hundred and fifty Christian sects and sub-sects are listed in North America. These include seventeen Baptist bodies, fifteen evangelistic associations, twentytwo Lutheran bodies, seventeen Methodist and fourteen Presbyterian and Reformed bodies. Some sects bear such distinctive titles as "Duck River Baptists," "Two-seed-in-the-Spirit Baptists," "Church of God as Organized by Christ," "Non-sectarian Church of Bible Faith," "Church of Daniel's Band," etc.

There is undoubtedly good reason for the division of Christians

into various· households and societies in order that each may find opportunity for the expression of his or her individuality. As long as men differ in taste and personality, in interpretation and ap- plication of truth, there will be reason for differences in modes of worship, in forms of government and in minor matters of belief and methods of service. But there should be union in loyalty to the Great Hrad of the Church and unity, without jealous rivalry 01'

misunderstanding, in the conduct of Christ's campaign at home and abroad.

Considerable progrf'SS has bern made in interchurch plans of coopcration. A meeting of representatives of Protestant churches in North America was held in Cleveland, April 30th and May 1st, to consider the plans of the Interchurch World Movement and to give opportuni'ty for presentation and open discussion as to the ideals and program of the movement for America and the world.

About five hundred delf'gates were present from twenty-eight de- nominations. Of these, fifty-five were officers of Home Mission Boards, sixty of Foreign Mission Boards, seventy-six of Women's Boards and seventy-two officers and mfmbers of other Boards. Of the- denominations the Methodists were most conspicuous, with 131 delegates; the DiscipleS' sent 76 delegates, the Baptists (north) 51, the Congregationalists 46, the Presbyterians (north) 42 and the Reformed Church in the United States 28. It was noticeable that the Southern Baptists ,vere entirely absent, and many other evangelical bodies were unrepresented, or had few and silent mem- a bers in attendance. A more even distribution of representation. and larger number of pastors and laymen is desirable.

The Cleveland presentation of the plans and ideals was mas- terly and inspiring, but there .was not sufficient opportunity for open discussion of the problems involved. Dr. S. Earl Taylor, the Executive Secretary of the Movempnt and the General Secre- tary of the Methodist Centenary, presided ably at the sessions or the Conference. The various departments of the Movement were presented by the temporary or permanent secretaries of each de- partment.

One could scarcely fail to be convinced of the value of the united surveys, of cDoperation in the presentation of the- needs to the churches, and of a clearing house to decide what work is mosineeded and which organization is best fitted to as- sume the responsibility for it.

There are great possibilities in such a movpment and grave dangers which should be foreseen and avoided. Of these we will speak later. A committee of twC'nty-two was appointed to report the" Findings" of the conference. This report expressed approval of the cooperative effort of churches to study and supply the need of the world for the Gospel of Christ. The report stated:

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

"that the Interchurch vVorld Movement is a cooperative effort of the missionary, educational and other benevolent agencies of the Evangelical Churches of the United States and Canada, to serve unitedly their common present tasks, and simultaneously and together secure the necessary resources of men and women and power required for these tasks; that it is a spiritual undertaking of survey, education and inspiration, that it is an instrumentality of cooperation and coordinatIOn of administrative agencies and designed to serve, not to supplant them. We affirm our definite understanding that this is not an eccleciastical movement nor an effort to organic union. It will not disturb or interfere with the administration of any Church or Board. Neither will it undertake to administer or to expend * funds for any purpose beyond its own proper administrative expenses.

It has a definite and temporary mission. It will not interfere with or conflict with other denominational agencies."

Every Christian will welcome all signs of unity among the f01: lowers of Christ, indicating greater loyalty to Him, greater emphasis on the fundamentals of faith and greater earnestness in the cooperative effort to win men to yield their allegiance to Jesus Christ as the Son of God and the only Saviour of mankind.

THE STRUGGLE FOR LIBERTY IN KOREA T HE evils of 11 military regime are SGen in Japan and Korea as they have been brought to light in Europe. The army and navy of Japan exert autocratic control, and the military rule has brought about evils which the Koreans have found to be uubearable. The Japanese people and even the Japanese Diet have not been responsible for these conditions nor have they _been cognizant of many of the methods employed by the authorities to Japanize the Koreans.

Naturally the Koreans desire independence, since their country was annexed without war or grievance of any kind and without their consent. It may not be advisable or possible to yield to the wish of the Koreans at this time, since they are still a weak and untrained child race. But there is reason to demand that they and their land shall not be exploited by the Japanese, and that they shall not be unjustly treated by their rulers. Here is an opportunity for Japan to show herself an unselfish steward by governing the Koreans for the benefit of the Koreans and of the world at large.

Christian missionaries are responsible for the awakening _of the Koreans in intelligence and a desire for progress, but are not responsible for any anti-Japanese movement. 'rhe missionaries cannot, however, see their unarmed and unresisting Korean friends, inclUding women and children, maltreated and killed without a protest. Heart-rending accounts have been coming to America, * As originally presented the report made the statement that the work of the mov~ment was to be completed in 1924. This _was omitted on the ground that the work might be completed prior to that date. The temporary character of the movement was however emphasized.

from reliable sources, of school girls inprisoned for wishing independence, of boys maltreated and of unarmed men shot down by the military police. When some of the Koreans were arrested and were asked "Who is the leader -of the insurrection 1" they replied "God Almighty." "But who are His accomplices1" inquired the Japanese. "Twenty million Koreans," was the response.

While independence may not be feasible at this time, certain reforms are justly demanded and should be expected from the Japanese. These were stated by one of the missionaries who was called into conference by the Japanese authorities. They in- clude: 1. Due consideration of racial distinction between the Koreans and Japanese. There should not be the policy of absorption.

2. The privilege of Korean language study in the schools. This is now prohibited.

3. Freedom of speech, of the press, of public meetings and of travel. While Japanese and foreigners enjoy these, the Koreans are denied them.

4. Opportunity to promote social purity. The Japanese have forced prostitution as an institution upon the Koreans. The people have no means of self-protection against the taking of certain districts of their towns and cities for brothels, and of their women and girls for immoral purposes.

S. The removal of discrimination against Koreans in Japanese courts of ,iustice. At present no Korean has an equal chance with a Japanese before the courts.

These are manifestly reasonable and just demands. But the Koreans ask more, as is shown by their " Declaration of Independence" which reads in part as follows: We proclaim to all nations of the world the Independence of Korea and the liberty of the people; and announce to our children and grandchildren the great principles of human equality and the everlasting right of self-preservation.

With a history of four thousand years, the nearly twenty millions of people of this land sincerely and loyally unite to make clear this declaration, and to open up the liberties of the people, for the future as well as the present. We take this stand and show forth the true heart of man.

The world is changing. It is a great opportunity. We follow it. And it is the decree of God that men should have the right to strive for the power of life and preservation. In all the world nothing can stop or hinder us from this. * * * Since 1876, when we entered into treaty relations, at many times and in many ways, the strongest covenants have been made only to be disregarded. We do not now point out Japan's sin of insincerity, but .more th~n this. Although scholars on the platform and the government WIth defimte promises said they would regard our land as a colony, yet they have lo?ked on our men as ignorant people, and have sought by conquest to qUIckly possess our land. ·For a long time the progress of society has been blocked. They have not regarded the high aspirations of the people's hearts. Yet Japan should not be blamed for her lack of righteousness, but we should scold ourselves and not be quick to hate others; and if we give careful attention ~o the present, we will have no time to criticise old wrongs. Today there IS only

one duty for our men, that is to establish ourselves, and surely not to injure others. By the stern decree of our own consciences, we must open up the new life of our own household, and not indeed because of old hatred or some temporary feeling seek to expel others. The old thoughts and old powers, that have bound the policy of the Japanese Government into an unnatural and unreasonable condition must be swept away. And this con- * * * dition must be changed to a natural and reasonable one by the fountain of just principles. Today we, the people of Korea, have declared our independence; that by means of this Koreans may be enabled to pursue the illustrious life of right and duty; Japan may be enabled to completely fulfil her important obligation of supporting the Orient; and China, by means of this may be enabled also to escape from the terrible dream of fear. Again, the important preservation of the peace of the Far East is one step in the direction of world peace and human happiness. Should not this move men?

* * * By obtaining our liberty, we will have a more abundant life and happiness; so let us unite all ~tRe people's powers in this effort for independence.

We earnestly strive with a good conscience; we preserve together the true principles; united we advance, old aIJd young, men and women; putting away sadness, we rise in action, like a mighty host to make a new and happier life.

A THREEFOLD PUBLIC AGREEMENT 1. Today we seek to establish correct principles, human rights, preservation of life, and an illustrious people; and so while asking for our liberties, decide never to give up.

2. We also agree that to the last man, and to the very end, we will joyfully show forth this true obligation of the people.

3. In all our movements we agree to emphasize the importance of orderly conduct, that by this our purpose and aims may be clearly known to be correct.

This declaration shows Christian restraint and high ideals. Moreover, the Korean leaders issued an "Important Announcement" calling on the "Respectable, Noble, Independent Korean Band not to insult the Japanese, or strike them with their fists, for these are the acts of barbarians." They had no weapons and their method was merely to leave schools, close shops, march, singing and shouting Manzai through the streets. For this they have been shot down, maltreated and haled to prison.

Surely it is time for the Japanese, for the sake of their own reputation as well as for the sake of justice to the Koreans, to grant the needed reforms and to win the Korean people by justice and by civil liberty, rather than seek their subjection by brute force.

This is a critical time for Christian missions in Korea. The powers of darkness are again arraigned against the powers of light. A recent communication from Japan intimates the purpose of the Japanese to grant certain reforms and a measure of se1£- government to the Koreans. It is to be hoped that civil government will also replace military control.

SHALL CHRISTIANS INTERVENE IN RUSSIA B OLSHEVISM is a natural product of tyranny-political or industrial. When autocrats rule the masses with a rod of iron, the common people will await their opportunity for revenge. When plutocrats rule the laboring classes selfishly, their employees will retaliate without mercy whim the opportunity comes. When military offieers treat their men as cannon fodder, revolution will ultimately turn the tables. Russia has suffered unspeakably in these ways, and Bolshevism is the result of the upheaval that has put the proletariat in power. Add to this the fact that the masses have not been taught self-government, and that their leaders are not actuated by the principles of mercy and justiee, and it is easy to understand the reign of terror that has gripped the country.

Under the Czar's autocratic regime, the common people were treated like cattle, without real civil or religious liberty. Jews were oppressed, Stundists, Doukhobortsi and other Protestants were restrained, and Orthodox Catholics were treated like children.

There are three methods of treating Russia in the present crisis. (1) Allow them to fight each other until one or the other class gains absolute control. This means anarchy, and possibly another despotism. (2) To send in Allied forces in sufficient numbers to quell the disturbance, and establish in power those best fitted to govern. This may mean the union of the Russian masses against the Allies, and unlimited bloodshed and expenditure of money. Afterwards, it might bR necessary for the Allies to police the country and maintain peace with a huge standing army. (3) Another method is ideal, if practical. It is for the Allied nations to conduct an educational campaign in Russia through the printed page and spoken word, in order that Russians may learn the practical ideals of selfgovernment, and of civil and religious liberty. This program would include also a systematic campaign in the interests of Christian truth, conducted by the Christian forces of America and Great Britain. Russia is longing for education and would welcome .America's help. Mr. Jerome Davis, a Y. M. C. .A. worker who has been in Russia for two and a half years, reports that the Russian Church is eager for help from America. Priests came to him, often late at night, asking for as'sistance in organizing Sunday-schools, men's clubs and social service work. They want literature on church work in America to show them how to adapt themselves to new conditions.

This is hopeful, but there is a deeper need than a change in method. What the Russian Church needs is new spiritual life. Casting away the old garments is not enough. A spiritual revival must be experienced, followed by unhampered education in the teachings of Jesus Christ.

Christ All and in

A MISSIONARY BIBLE STUDY- BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D.

"I am the way, the truth and the Life. No man cometh unto the Father but by Me." John 14:6 The audacity of this claim is all the more startling because the words occur parenthetically as a reply to an interruption. Almost casually Christ asserts that He and He alone meets all the needs of the human heart, the intellect and the will. Some non-Christian religions place emphasis on the right way of communion with God.

Others emphasize the supreme importance of dogma or doctrinal truth against heresy; and others again put the sole emphasis on right living and noble conduct. In the following table we indicate how Jesus Christ is the fulfilment of all these ideals. He meets the craving of the heart for communion, of the mind for truth and of the will for direction. He is all and in all because He reveals the Father, declares the truth and communicates a new life to those who are dead in sin.

The table below indicates, by its threefold division, some of the lines of thought that might be followed in applying this truth. It is summed up by the Apostle when he says that Christ in all things "has the preeminence." The same thought occurs in We·sley's Hymn. "Thou, Oh Christ, art all I want. More than all in Thee I find."

THE WAY THE TRUTH THE LIFE Essene Pharisee Sadducee Hinduism Islam· Buddhism Method of Thought Material of Thought Goal of Thought Mystic Dogmatic Ethic Philosophy Theology Sociology Worship Confession Expression Communion Orthodoxy Vitality Liturgy Creed Conduct Sacrament Missions Ministry Heart Mind Will John Paul James Love Faith Hope The Fruit The Root The Tree The River of Life The Head of the Body The Rock of Ages The non-Christain religions and philosophies have no true ideals or vital truths that are not found in Christianity. What they lack Christianity supplies. What they have Christianity surpasses. As Joseph Parker said, "There may be comparative religions but Christiauity is not one of them." It is positive, superlative and final. The Cross alone bridges the chasm between the sinner and God.

409

j..>

c ONE OF THE ANTI·CHRISTIAN INFLUENCES EXISTING AMONG SOUTH AFRICAN MINERS A Sunday Dance by Ba'Sutos in a Johann esburg Compound

of Industrial Training in

BY PROF. J. DU PLESSIS, STELLENBOSCH. SOUTH AFRICA T HE industrial phase of the missionary enterprise has an as- sured place as the fourth of the great departments of mis- sionary activity-the evangelistic, the educational, the medical and the industrial. In countries like Japan and China, which possess an indigenous civilization and native industries, this form of missionary work may be largely dispensed with; but for the uplift of the backward races of the world it possesses an importance which can hardly be over estimated.

1. THE VALUE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING, as ono of the indispensable methods of mission work, is threefold: it is based on a sound pedagogic principle, it is an effective means of securing the highest object of all education-the formation of character. It has also high economic value for the native himself,. for the mission which trains him and for the whole community. In other words, industrial training has pedagogic, moral and economic value.

The pedagogic importance of industrial work lies in the fact that it means the introduction of a kind of glorified kindergarten among the child-races of the world. Froebel founded his kindergarten system on two principles-first, that true education consists in the harmonious development of the powers of mind and body, and second, that the teacher's part is to present suitable material for the innate spontaneity of the child's mind to operate upon. These principles are of supreme importance in their application to the child-native. The instruction and development of the mind at the expense of manual training tends to make him topheavy, and give rise to that pitiable object, the "native with the swelled head." The training of mind and hand should therefore proceed simultaneously.

Similarly, manual training brings into play the spontaneous powers of the native's mind. It imparts concrete and not merely abstract knowledge. Says Mr. W. C. Willoughby of the Tiger Kloof Institution: "I think that industrial training is very much more nece,sary for the natives than even book-learning-I mean as a matter of pure education. Industrial training will develop his power of thinking as book-learning never can. If you can teach a native boy the difference between eleven and three-fourth inches and one foot, you have taught him a very great dealsomething that will run through almost every department of his life."

Industrial training has the very highest moral value, as a means of building up and shaping the native's Christian character. It does this in various ways,-by counteracting the inertia that characterizes all primitive races living under the tropical sun, by 411

inculcating habits of regularity, unintermittent attention, and per- fect exactness and ueatness, by evoking and enhancing the native's self-respect and self-reliance, while increasing his humility, and by implanting a nobler conception of the worth and dignity of labor.

Christianity must mean very little for the African native if it does not teach him to work. The Christian native reads in his Old Testament the command, Six days shalt thou labor, and in his New Testament the law, If any man will not wOTk, neither shall he eat, and to these principles his reason and his conscience both as- sent. Moreover, Christianity has set up a new standard of life LV 'which he strives to conform. .

"It cannot be conceived that Christianity should really influence the heart of the negro, and leave him content in the midst of his old circum- stances, and his old unclean and immoral surroundings. Those who have had experience of mission work in Africa recognize how difficult it is for church members to maintain consistent lives unless the old idleness is ex- changed for habits of industry."* Manual training contributes to the formation of sterling Chris- tian character. Punctuality, in a country in which watches are unknown, and regularity, amid a people that have never heard of an "eight hour day," are virtues that have to be instilled by diligent instruction in manual toil. Such mechanical labor re- quires also the application of close attention and the most perfec~ exactitude and neatness. The slightest want of truth in measure- ment, and the day's work is lost, while valuable material has been hopelessly spoiled. More than this, the industrial worker develops a sense of responsibility to produce thoroughly good and reliable work. In his marvelous description of the storm which broke over the Norah Creina, Robert Louis Stevenson writes thus: "God bless every man that swung a mallet on that tiny and strong hull; it was not for wages only that he labored, but to save men's lives."

We must put forth every effort to awaken an industrial COIl- seience in our converts. Good honest work will increase both their self-respect and their self-reliance, without lessening their humility.

There are vocations which tend to self-conceit. The preacher and the teacher, under no necessity to labor with the hands, and dealing habitually with those who are both literally and metaphorically beneath them, lie specially exposed to this danger. At the car- penter's bench or on the tailor's table all are at the same level and the work on which they are engaged calls for co-operative and not for individual action.

The economic valtte of industrial work is seen in its three-fold benefit, to the native, to the mission and to the community. The impact of modern civilization has broken up the fabric of ancient institutions, and made many native customs and habits of life obso- lete or' obsolescent. As a Christian an African may no longer in- • George Grenfell in Hawker's Life of Grenfell, p. 395.

ONE; OF THE; CHRISTIAN INFLUJ';NCE;S IN A SOUTH AFRICAN

Service among mine employees in the native compound at Elizabethville

dulge in a plurality 0:1' wives, and must therefore substitute the plow for the hoe in tillage. Civilization too is upon him, shutting him in to his narrow reserve, increasing his wants, multiplying his expenses, imposing new taxfs, and thus shaking him out of his lethargy and competling him to labor. At first the chief wealth of the native consisted in cattle; now the natives within the South African Union possess, on an average, no more than one goat, rather less than one sheep, and half an ox apiece. He is very little better off as an agriculturist, for the area of cultivable land is limited, the water supply inadequate, and prolongrd droughts almost as much the rule as the exception. "Thus it will be seen," says the Principal of Lovedale Institute, "that the Bantu are becoming impoverished in their permanent resources, and are living dangerously close to the line of permanent hunger. A struggle for existence is setting in on a great scale. If the Bantu are to survive it is clear that they must as a people develop new methods of agriculture and new habits of industry."

Both the mission and the community have need of the trained native artisan. Most missionary societies possess native skilled laborers whom they have trained themselves. It cannot well be otherwise in primitive surroundings. The missionary artisan must gather around himself a number of native apprentices, as carpf'nters, bricklayers, masons, gardeners; for without their aid the mission station cannot be built. But. the native who has been trained to some trade in the mission workshops is not long in discovering that there is greater scope (and better pay) for his abilities in the community at large; and so he soon passes beyond the reach of the mission to which he owes his training, and becomes, from an economical point of view, a lost asset.

It is impossible for any given mission to employ all the men whom it trains. To train no more men than it can employ would be a selfish and short-sighted policy. The mission then should encourage its surplus of artisans to seek a living where work is abundant. Artisans trained in the shops of the Basel Missions on the Gold Ooast are found all over Nigeria, the Kamerun and the Oongo. Native tradesmen from Livingstonia may be met with at Elizabethville and Kambove in the Belgian Oongo, or at Bulawayo and Salisbury in Rhodesia. The Lovedale industrial dppartmpnt has furnished trained workers for all parts of South Africa, including Johannesburg, Kimberley and Bloemfontein.

OBJECTIONS TO INDUSTRIAL TRAINING The' objections to industrial training as a missionary method are chiefly three: the expense incurred, the competition e.ngendered between black and white operatives, and the apparent departure from the primary aim of missinlls.

VALUE OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN MISSIONS

BLACKSMITH DEPARTMENT~TRAPPIST MONASTERV, MARIANNHILL, NATAL First, then, as to the expense. It is a common complaint. of missionary boards all over South Africa that the industrial de- partments of the missions do not pay. In 1914 Mr. Henderson re- ported: "In the case of Lovedale the estimated expenditure on the industrial departments for the current year, including cost of materials, is £6,764, Towards this amount government grants are payable only to the extent of tl,296. . A loss like this can be borne by such an Institution as Love- dale only through the generosity of friends o'utsicle the Union, and at con- siderable sacrifice to the rest of the Institution ."

The reasons for this continued deficit are not far to seek. The grant by the government is wholly inadequate; the apprentices, for the first two or three years, at least, are not yet awage-earn- ing asset, and as soon as they are fully qualified their term of apprenticeship comes to an end; work such as is produced in the workshops of Lovedale or Tiger Kloof cannot compare in quality or finish with that produced in city manufactories served by skilled artisans and equipped with modern machinery; as often as not the mission workshops are situated at a distance from the markets which their goods are intended to supply; and finally, there exists in some minds a certain degree of ilrejudice against goods fash- ioned by black men in what is held to be undesirable competition with white tradesmen.

Second, an objection of far greater weight against industrial training, is the com.petition which it is likely to cause between

INSTITUTIONAl. CHURCH AT ELlZABETHVll,l,E JUST AFTER A CHRISTMAS DINNER black and white. On this point Mr. Maurice S. Evans, one of the most assiduous and careful students of our native question, writing in 1910, said: "The spectre which affrights the white man is a ~ision of the black man invading the towns as artisan, competing with him, working for lower wages at his side, bringing down the standard of living to his level. I do not say such a contingency is impossible if we continue along our present lines, but in any case it is some distance removed, and is hardly likely to be realized to the full extent sometimes depicted."

But in 1915, after a visit to the United States, he sounded a more ominous note: "The only thing I can clearly see is conflict- an industrial and racial drama played out in South Africa. On the one side will be better education, political power, labor organization, higher wages, and comparatively small numbers,-handicapped by the sinister fact that the members of .this race are relieved of much 5trenuous labor that makes for efficiency. On the other, great numbers with little cooperation and organization (at present at all events) but willing to work for low wages, with a natural fitness to climate and surroundings, with gradually improving efficiency, and with the training that manual labor gives."

In view of the urgency of this matter the Union Government in 1914 appointed a Commission on the Economic Question, which reported that it found the supposed competition between black and white operatives to be practically non-existent and whollynegligible, seeing that the natives were almost exclusively engaged in unskilled labor. The few who had been trained to a trade were far

from being- such experts as to be able to compete seriously with white mechanics, while in foresight and initiative they lagged hopelessly behind.

The census of 1911 revealed a few interesting facts which bear upon this point. Out of more than four million Bantu within the Union of South Africa only 6,000 were gaining a living as tradesmen, that is 1.5 per 1,000. Out of a quarter of a million colored people in the Union 17,000 were engaged in various trades, or 22.6 per 1,000. A writer who has given some attention to this matter writes as follows: "Colored workers have established themselves firmly in the industrial life of the country. In several departments of labor, notably those of fishery, – building and tailoring, they are not only ousting white workers, but have actually succeeded in monopolizing one at least of these. In proportion to their numbers they are already in a majority to white workers in the exercise of callings r~quiring manual skill."· We may safely conclude that the menace which skilled Bantu operatives are said to offer to white mechanics has been very much exaggerated. The time when such competition will become really serious is as yet remote.

Finally, an objection has been directed against industrial work and industrial training on the score that to engage -in it is to depart from the primary aim of missionary undertaking, namely • Stevens, "White and Black," p. 91.

A CORNER OF THE CARPENTRY DEPARTMENT, LOVEDALE INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTE

conversion. At the first General Missionary Conference held in South Africa in ]904 the Bishop of Lebombo is reported to have said: "The primary object of the Christian Church is not to make men carpenters . . . . Great sacrifices are made at home in order that the Gospel may be preached to the heathen; they do not make them in order that we may turn out good carpenters. Be very careful how you use funds for industrial work other than that which bears directly on the making of a good Christian. Industrial work has this advantage,-the first thing we want to do with the heathen is to make them listen to us, and industrial education is the bribe we offer to get people to listen to us as we tell the Gospel."

In this warning of Bishop Smyth there is much that missionary boards can profitably lay to heart. And yet it seems to me that the premise underlying his contention is false. What is the true object and aim of missions 1 Not merely the conversion of the individuar-though that is the immediate aim-but the ultimate salvation of the race. In pursuing this aim we certainly do not employ education, literary or industrial, as a bait to lure the native to our schools and our churches. The purpose of education is the Christian uplift of the tribe. Industrial institutions, like educational, cherish the hope that the pupils are Christians already, or will become Christians while inmates of the school; and this hope and aim is in most cases realized. But they will receive a heathen in the belief that if he is to be trained as a journeyman, it were better he received his training in a Christian school than under a godless master-workman.

THE PRESENT POSITION OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING"

The need for industrial training for the native is admitted and emphasized not only by the missionary, but by Government commissions, educationalists, magistrates, writers on the native question. The attitude of the native himself towards industrial training is much more encouraging than it was several years ago, when the belief was firmly rooted that education was a device to absolve him from the degrading necessity of working with the hands.

"But the. vital importance of their keeping hold of their land and developing it is at last being brought home to them, and the higher type of candidate now offering for the workshops, and the numbers-far beyond our accommodation-seeking admi~sion to them, and their readiness to pay for the benefit, point to a change of attitude for the better, which should be thankfully noted."* For t'he industrial training of the native some forty schools and departments, all of which are in receipt of government grantsin-aid, have been established in connection with missionary socie- See Dr. Loram's "The EdC:ltion of the South African Native" for the chief data which. are presented under this section ~ .

Princlpal of Lovedale. in International Review of Missions, 1914, p. 342.

GIRLS' TAILORING DEPARTMENT-TRAPPIST MONASTERY, MARIANNHILL

ties in various parts of the country. At all these institutions to- gether there was an enrolment, in 1914, of some 1,800 pupils, of which just 1,000 attended institutions established in the Oape Province, the actual numbers being 606 boys and 394 girls. The government grants-in-aid in the Oape Province are calculated upon the following scale: £120 per annum towards the salary of a qualified departmental instructor; £30 for the initial outfit of a department; and £15 per head per annum as maintenance grant for apprentices (£10 for girls). In the matter of fees there exists some differences of policy in the various institutions. The no-fee system can only be made to pay, under present conditions at least, if pupils are in- .dentured for a long period, so that their skill at the end may neutralize their inexperience at the commencemnt.

A distinction is sometimes drawn between industrial training, which is impartEd at schools or in departments specially devoted to the work, and manual training, which the pupil receives at set times in the ordinary school curriculum. Dr. Loramdeprecates this distinction, on the grounds that manual training is only giv£n in the highrr standards, so that not more than 1 per cent of the pupils benefit by it; and that the so-called manual training is theory rather than practice, and fosters the idea that the process and not the product is the thing that counts. But it would seem, nevertheless, that manual training in primary schools is a most useful, and indeed an indispensable, adjunct to mental training. "An ideal institution," says Mr. Lenna"rd, Ohairman of the General Missionary Oonference, "would be one where an equal amount" of time was given to industrial and to literary training."

To conclude, let me quote the words of Mr. Henderson of Lovedale on the spiritual results of industrial training: "The efforts of the apprentices at making things result in the forming of strong and stable character, beyond what is achieved in the case of pupils mostly occupied with book-wor~. The industrial apprentices at Lovedale lead in evangelistic and spiritual work." To the same effect is the testimony of Mr. Vlok of the Dutch Reformed Ohurch mission at Salisbury,' that the best men and most consistent Ohristians who come to Southern Rhodesia in search of work and wages are those who have been in training with the Zambesi Industrial Mission in Nyasaland. Industrial missions, then, if conducted in a truly Ohristian spirit and controlled by men who have the heart of an evangelist, are capable of producing the largest and most encouraging spiritual results.

MEN NEED THE GOSPEL IN SOUTH

Native Employees at Smelter, just going on shift at noon. There are three eight-hour shifts a day The food store-house is in the background Men and Minerals in Katanga IN A MISSIONARY OPPORTUNITY CENTRAl. AFRICAN MINES BY REV. JOHN M. SPRINGER, B. D., ELIZABETHVILLE, CENTRAL AFRICA Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church G OD made this country to produce copper" said Mr. Watson, , General Manager of the prospecting company in Kambove, when in 1907 we looked out over the copper malachite hills which could be seen in every direction. The whole copper belt is about 250 miles in length and along with this copper there are large deposits of lime and iron, needed for fluxing. The rivers close at hand have great falls for generating electric power.

Every year since then there have been new discoveries of tin, gold, diamonds, coal and other minerals. It is certain that so far only a fraction of the richness of that section of the country has been revealed.

"This is the beginning of a stream that will result in the in- dustrial transformation of Central Africa, " remarked Robert Williams at Elizabethville, as he saw the first stream of molten ,copper flo'w from the furnace in 1911'. That tiny stream has lll- 421

creased until in 1917 and 1918 there were produced each year 30,000 tons of copper, which is soon to be increased to 40,000 a month or 480,000 tons a year.

It is at this point that the missionary opportunity and the commercial activities meet. Copper cannot be produced without man power, and native labor must be had for this purpose. Native labor bureau agents scour the country to induce the natives from the bend of the Oongo, a thousand miles to the north, to the Vic- toria Falls in the Zambesi on the South, and from ocean to ocean, to come to work on these mineral fields.

These native men are taken from their villages and towns for periods of from six months to two years at a time. They leave their family life behind them and are congregated in compounds at the industrial centers and here they come in contact with white men from every part of the globe, most of whom are vicious and degenerate. Already the most significant changes are taking place throughout the entire country side, and greater ones must come in the near future. Vill these changes be for better or worse?

That depends.

"And God said, 'Let us make man in our image, after our like- ness, and let them have dominion . . over all the earth.' So God created man. . and God said 'Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth and subdue it and have dominion.' "

There are people who deplore the exploitation of Africa. But it is inevitable and it would seem to be within the plans and pur- poses of God.

The agencies operating in any community, civilized or un- civilized, are divided naturally into three groups: Ohurch, State and Commerce. We use the word Church to express the funda- mental religious life; State, to indicate the governing powers; and Commerce to include the development of resources and the pro- duction and exchange of commodities.

The most aggressive factor in all Africa to-day is the mining industry of the commercial group, and closely connected with this is the agricultural exploitation of the continent. European gov- ernments have followed commerce into practically every part of the interior. In some cases the native governments have been dis- placed j in the majority of cases j however, the tribal forms of gov- ernments have been retained, directed and controlled by the Euro- pean powers.

The Christian missionaries were connected with the very earli- est events in the modern exploration of Africa, and were the first to learn of these mineral deposits. In fact since the days of the Portuguese exploration of the shores of Africa, the missionary has played a prominent part as pioneer. It was Livingstone who heard of the hills of copper malachite in the Katanga and put them

19191 MEN AND MINERALS IN KATANGA

on his map in 1857. It was his letters to his children that so stirred one of their playmates, Fred Arnot, that he never rested until, in 1885, he penetrated the Katanga and established the Garanganze Mission adjacent to these rich mineral fields. A few years later, Mr. Arnot brought out a large party of missionaries, among whom were Dr. Walter Fisher and Dan Crawford. This Garanganze Mission, under the control of the Plymouth Brethren, found that they could not take on the work of the mineral fields in additiou to that for which they had already made themselves responsible in the villages.

The Methodist Episcopal Church of the United States is establishing work in the mines and in the mining towns. This is in part the fulfilment of the plans of Bishop Wm. Taylor, who, in 1885, proposed to put a chain of missions a thousand miles inland from Loanda.

Many problems and dangers confront us in this newest of the great mining centers of Africa. On the Rand in and around Johannesburg, where a generation ago there was only a sheep pasture, there is to-day a gold producing industry that commands continually the labor of 250,000 native workmen. This is but one of many mining centers, including Kimberley and Barbarton, which also require thei.r hundreds of thousands of natives.

Many of these natives are brought long distances, and segregated in large compounds where they are well fed and, when too ill to work, have necessary care and medical treatment. They are removed from all restraints of tribal control and the infiuences of family life. It is but natural for them to seek some diversion and amusement when off duty, and temptations abound both inside and outside these compounds.· At one time 600 white persons were in jail in Johannesburg for illicit liquor selling to these natives. Gambling is one of the mildest vices of the many that abound. The African in his native village has never been a model of virtue, but the vices and crimes that he learns of the white man in the mining towns might well make' a cannibal blush. Venereal di.seases are contracted and carried back to the kraals where the total population is being infected. The criminal intimacy of vicious whites with these blacks only tends to fan the fiame of race prejudice to a white heat.

Good likewise radiates at times from Johannesburg and other industrial centers as a result of Christian work. This might be increased many fold. A Wesleyan clergyman in Port Elizabeth conducted a night school which was attended by young men from several tribeR in the far interior. Some vears afterward when this minister was traveling in the northern Tr~nsvaal where the people were still heathen he was met by a comparatively well dressed deputation of mep, women and children who welcomed him to their village with

Christian songs. He learned that one of his converts in the night school had returned home with primer, hymn book and Scriptures, and had begun to teach and to preach in his home town. The Sabbath was observed, the people responded to the preaching and many were converted so that the whole community prospered. Some very acceptable and well prepared candidates were baptized and received into church fellowship.

Another young man who was converted at Johannesburg returned to his home among primitive pagans at Bushbuck Ridge. The needs of his people stirred his soul and he began a school and started a church among them. The work prospere9 until he felt it grew beyond his ability, and he sent to the missionary at Johannesburg asking for some one to help care for the enlarged work. No missionary has been available so that this young man and his wife, joined in the meantime by a trained young woman to aid in the school work, have had to meet the opportunities as best they could. The influence of this school is spreading to the surrounding villages.

A few years ago a group of missionaries was making a tour of Rhodesia in a region never before visited by missionaries, and where they met the usual ignorance and degradation. One day the people of one village who heard their message spoke up and said, "Oh, we have heard these good words before."

"And who told you"? the missionary asked. "Why Johannes, the son of the chief of this district." Inquiring where Johannes lived, the party made its way in that direction, and in all the villages on the way the people revealed their familiarity with the Gospel story and with Christian hymns and Bible teaching. At Johannes' home village, they found a fair sized and creditable school and chapel building. The Sabbath was observed and many were so well grounded in Scripture and showed such evidel).ces of changed lives that they were received on probation. Many of these were baptized not long afterward. Johannes had passed on to his people the good news that he had received at Johannesburg where many receive only evil. There are many such instances showing the possible influence for good that may result from Gospel work among the miners who return to their homes in the distant and unevangelized regions from which the labor is recruited. Some of the same unsavory conditions as are found in J ohannesburg obtain in the mineral fields of the Katanga. To meet them the Christian Church needs to have a well-manned and wellequipped work at each mine and in every town. We should be able to influence the life of every native that comes to the mines and towns to work. The present staff of workers and the equipment should be increased so as to occupy effecL:vely this great

MEN AND MINERALS IN KATANGA

strategic point of all central Africa. Among other needs are the following: . Night schools sufficient for one in every Compound. Institutional churches to make adequate religious and social provision for all the large centers.

Printing press sufficiently large to supply the increasing de- mands for thousands of primers, hymnals, devotional books, and other literature. Then the colporteurs should be multiplied several fold.

The night school opened in Elizabethville in 1914, was crowded to capacity and has so continued. Other night and afternoon schools in the camps or quarters of native workmen have also been well attended and are much appreciated. Lay evangelists add their services to missionaries and regularly employed workers, making it possible to hold many services each Sunday. The list of regular "hearers," increases and many probationers or catech- umen are enrolled as a result, the sales of primers, hymnals, por- tions of the Scripture in more than a dozen native languages, has been limited only by the supplies available, and have run into thousands of copies of many books.

The religious and educational needs must also be cared for in the outlying country 400 miles square to the north and west. The Methodist Episcopal Church has increased this work in her Cen- tenary program and hopes to supply these important needs.

Churches and Societies, both American and British, must en- large their work in the various areas of Central Africa, from which natives are recruited for these nllneral fields. A native who has been influenced by mission work before he leaves his home naturally relates himself to the missionary in the industrial centers. Those that are reached and converted at the mines also need shep- herding and further teaching when they return to their homes.

There is urgent need of greatly speeding up the activities of the Church so as to overtake and henceforth to keep pace with the other agencies of state and commerce, which are now affecting nearly one hundred per cent of the tribes and peoples. Today the Church touches the life of scarcely ten per cent.

If the Christian forces let the present opportunity pass unim- proved, the natives will become hardened and further degenerated in the school of vice. Evil forces will become more firmly en- trenched; many doors now opened will be closed and the difficulty _of the task will increase greatly.

The carrying out of an adequate program involves a five to ten fold increase of the present force and equipment of all mis- flionary forces at present operating in Central Africa.

of Alcohol in

BY SIR HARRY H. JOHNSTON, G. C. M. G., K. C. R, LONDON, ENGLAND, Late Special Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief of the Uganda Protectorate MISSIONARIES both of Christianity and Islam, and mostly missionaries of the Protestant Churches of Christianity, have rendered the most signal service to Africa and Europe· by fighting against the alcoholisation of the Mrican continent. The distillers of Europe and America and in a lesser degree the steamship companies, profited greatly by the traffic. It has just been pointed out in The Times of London, that the last British steamer, conveying a cargo mainly of Dutch and German provenance to West Africa before the submarine warfare began, took from Hamburg and Rotterdam 169,288 gallons of spirits, 33 cases of wine, brandy and liqueurs, all to be unloaded in the Niger Delta for the mental stupefaction' and bodily ruin of the negroes of southern Nigeria. If this was the average cargo of one West African steamer, you can calculate what the yearly import was like-multiplied by twelve for the monthly service to Nigeria and again by three for the three other West coast colonies-into British West Africa.

The missionaries first began attacking this importation of European and West Indian alcohol into Mrica in the forties of the last century. They found that in West Afric.a the native desire for brandy, rum and gin, was the chief stimulant of the slave trade_ The chiefs felt they must have alcohol, and consequently to purchase it from the white trader they must enslave their own and other tribes and bring or send the slaves to the coast. In South Africa the alcohol-Cape brandy-manufactured by the Dutch (and French Hugenot) vine growers, was killing off the Hottentots and the nearer Bantu tribes, and was leading to incessant native. wars; while the white man looked on cynically, profiting by the strife amongst the Negroes. The missionaries by their protests drew down on themselves the hatred of the traders and of the Dutch colonists. But they kept steadily at. it and are now not far from victory. The prohibition victory in the United States has helped enormously. Missionary influence so far swayed European governments and that of the United States that in the Berlin and Brussels conferences of the latter end of the nineteenth century, much of the interior of Africa, beyond the western coast belt and north of the Zambeziyou dared not interfere with the alcoholisation of South Africa without provoking another Dutch rebellion-was placed out of bounds for alcohol. Only the old-time French, British, and Portu- 426 guese colonies and the present states of the South African Union were exempted from prohibition of the importation and sale of alcohol for native consumption. Alcohol was only to be allowed in Northern Nigeria, Congoland, Central' and Ea~t Africa for the use of Europeans, and then in limited, carefully watched quan- ~ tities. In bringing about this improvement, the missionaries of Islam also played their part. In this battle there is tough fighting ahead against weak Governments, insincere statesmen and the hydraheaded forces of alcohol-aided in Britain by a pr~ss that is twothirds under the thumb of the distillers and brewers, and in France by a press that would sooner see Algeria, Morocco, Tunis, Senegal, the Ivory Coast, Dahome and the Kamerun go to th~ devil than ..- . . _-.::~:-e=.:-~~'-~~-.:=-";".'~.-.=~~"::-"::'=—-"':,-'~-:=-':-:-:-,-,–".'-'~—"'~ '- ; . thart; the profits on French vine- —" yards should be abated by one franc. There is a probability of victory if only the United States AREAS OF I'ROHIBITION IN AFRICA stands firm. Before the war, the one plea raised by the British Colonial Office against the enforcement of prohibition in the Gambia, Sierra Leone, Gold Coast and South Nigeria possessions in West Africa was the fact-or falsehood;-that the major part of this imported alcohol came from the distilleries of Holland and Germany; and that to forbid its entry into British West Africa might offend the Germans and alienate Dutch friendship. The victory of the Allies leaves us quite free to iguore the interests of German distillers; while as to those of Holland, we have to remember the welfare of those iInmense tracts of Africa which we have taken under our charge. The Dutch distillers, like those of Britian, France and America, must take the changed condtions into account and turn their manufacturing plants to chemical purposes. If distilled alcohol is bad for white men it is bad for Negroes; if it is to be withheld from the Negroes of the Congo Basin, of British Central Africa, East Africa, Uganda and Northern Nigeria, it must not be inflicted on the Gambia, the Gold Coast and Southern Nigeria. – French West Africa is not nearly so drunken a region as the coast districts of British West Africa. Firstly the mass of the Negroes and Negroidsare Mohammedans and total abstainers, and secondly the French officials frown on spirit drinking as fl rule. The

Ivory Coast has been infected with the gin habit from the adjacent coast lands of Liberia and the Gold Coast. Just before the War broke out the Governor of the Ivory Coast was seeking to bring about the prohibition of alcohol except for consumption by Europeans.

In Algeria, and in a lesser degree Tunis and Morocco, the French were before the war doing little to check the spread of brandy drinking among the Berbers and Arabs. The French wine producers will be a great obstacle in the path of prohibition. The public opinion of the future League of Nations must try to teach the French how to prepare unfermented grape juice so delicious and so wholesome in the United States, and further to export their grapes for eating and for raisins. In our work for th5 redemption of Africa we must fight to absolutely prohibit the entry into Negro and Arab Africa of distilled alcohol, except in an undrinkable form for use industrially as a chemical agent.

In Egypt and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan the British Govern- _ ment is quite as much to blame as that of the French in Algeria, for not more actively discouraging the induction of the native populations into the consumption of distilled spirits-=-with much harm to their morale and their health. The Copts of Egypt always drank wine in former times but did not usually touch spirits. The Mohammedan Egyptians were total abstainers before the British occupation. Soon after that became well-organized, the young men in the towns-Copts and Mohammedans-picked up the whisky habit from British soldiers, officers and officials, and today a good deal of masculine 'young Egypt' is whiskified and drunken. In the Sudan, the chief harm was wrought by the Greeks, who set up stills in the wake of the British armies and distilled arnik from a. variety of substances of local growth. The Nubians and Sudanese picked up this process from the Greeks and low-class Levantine traders and carried the art of disti:[ling far into the heart of Mrica. When I was clearing up the effects of the Sudanese mutiny in Uganda Protectorate, the drunkenness among the Sudanese soldiers and their virago wives was a constant source of trouble, insubordination, acts of violence, and quarrels with the indigenous peoples. It nearly always resulted from some coarsely-brewed and very strong spirit obtained through the native stills from rice, sugar-cane, sorghum, or sweet potatoes.

Portuguese Africa, more especially the Mozambique Province -or rather the Trans-Zambezian half of Mozambique-has a bad reputation for alcoholism. The Portuguese distil rum from sugar and make no attempt to check its consumption by the Negroes. The result. is constant village and inter-tribal quarrels and petty wars. The Portuguese themselves are temperate. But they are quite

1919J PROHIBITION OF ALCOHOL IN AFRICA

without scruple on the. subject of trading in rum with the natives of Southeast and Southwest Africa, and their trades frequently smuggle rum into the forbidden area of the Congo State, and Portuguese Congo, where the natives are great drunkards. The Union of South Africa is still an alcohol screener and protector, seemingly because the vine growers of the Cape Province exercise the same inordinate influence over the Union Government as is wielded by the French vine growers over the policy of the French Republic. Heady and most unwholesome spirits circulate all over the territories governed by the Union Parliament. Though they are supposed not to penetrate into Basutoland, the Basuto chiefs are notoriously drunken. Bechuanalandhas been saved from this curse by the statesmanship and education of its veteran king, Khama. Alcoholdistilled of course–is the chief, the preponderating, cause of native and inter-racial trouble in South Africa. Even the Mohammedan Indians who come to Natal as abstainers from spirits give way to the temptation of the dram and the dope, and find themselves in the police court. Cape brandy is the main cause of attacks of black men on white women. Were the Negroes of the Transvaal and Orange States not allowed access to distilled alcohol, we should probably never hear of these attempts to assault white women. One never reads of such sexual crimes in Cape Colony, Zululand or even Natal; presumably because in those countries missionary influence is strong and has been used unswervingly against alcohol.

The British Gold Coast is an object lesson within a comparatively small area of the effects of alcohol on a Negro people and of the advantages of abstinence. In the Gold Coast Colony and in a lesser degree in_Ashanti, the native is allowed to drink as much gin, rum, brandy or whisky as he can buy from the white traders. The result is that he shows less and less stamina against disease; his system is more and more recalcitrant to healing medicines. North of Ashanti in Voltaland, we see a blessed contrast. In these northern territories of the Gold Coast, say the missionaries, the population is almost entirely Mohammedan, and its introduction has been forbidden. Here therefore you can see a splendidly vigorous people who are destined in course of time to displace the effete coast populations; unless, that is, they too sucumb to the infection, thanks to the pusillanimity of' the Colonial office–afraid to incur the enmity of the alcohol interests in England, Scotland and Ireland by extending the whole system of prohibition over the whole of British West Africa. At present out of an approximate area of 470,000 square miles of British West Africa, 320,000 are under prohibition and only 150,000 square miles given over to alcohol. But the alcoholic districts abut on the non-alcoholic; and distilled alcohol is gradually permeating the whole of British West Africa, to its great detriment.

Yet it must never be forgotten that in fighting this poison, we need a policy of construction as well as ·of destruction. While we take away the allurements of alcoholic drinks we must offer man- kind-black, white and yellow-some alternative other than cold water. Cold water, cold pure water, is best for thirst, but how difficult to obtain, how fraught with danger if from an impure ~ source! What physicians and chemists must proceed to invent and put on the market is a variety of beverages which will be (1) pala- table; (2) mildly or markedly stimulating; (3) thirst-quelling (4) harmless. We want some process by which grape juice may be sub- stituted for wine all over the world. Then prohibitionists may be able to shake hands with a French, a Cape Colony, an Australian, Rhineland, Portuguese, Spanish, or Italian vine grower. And not only the juice of the grape, but of the orange, banana, grenadilla, raspberry, pomegranate, plum, cherry and other luscious fruits of the tropical and temperate zones. Already medical science is be" ginning to concern itself more intimately with the therapeutic quali- ties of various fruit and nut juices. We should concentrate all our forces-missionary, medical, political-economist, philanthropic-on the prohibition of alcohol in Negro and Negroid Africa. Simultane- ously we should try by propaganda to give publicity to all the wholesome substitutes for alcohol.

ALCOHOL AND DRUGS IN INDIA PRONOUNCEMENT BY SIXTY-SEVEN MEDICAL MEN IN INDIA It has been proved by careful scientific experiments and con- firmed by experience that: 1. Alcohol, cocaine, opium, and intoxicating drugs (such as bhang, ganja, and charas) are poisons.

2. Even a moderate use of these is harmful, especially in tropical countries like India. They are of no avail per- manently to relieve physical and mental strain.

3. Those who confine themselves to non-alcoholic drinks and who avoid the use of intoxicating drugs are capable of more endurance, and are better able to resist infection and . disease. 4. Alcohol is in many cases injurious to the next generation, especially through its favoring influence upon venereal disease. 5. Alcohol aggravates the evils of famine. 6. Alcohol is useless as a preventive of plague. 7. Alcohol lowers the resisting power of the body against the parasites of malaria and the microbes of tuberculosis. 8. All that has been said applies with equal force to opium and intoxicating drugs. 9. We therefore appeal to the people of India to maintain and extend the practice of total abstinence as enjoined upon them by their religious and social obligations.

",..0V7.h'>I ,r •• TO AJ.EAS AltD A..'ROXUiilAn

POPULATION OF (;ACK OF MEXICO Showinf Division of R.sponsibility fot' o.:CIlpanon of Territory a."

Missionary Soei.ti.. as Afreed Upon at the Ccmf……. of Christian Work…. City of M.xico. F.bruary lS-21. 19111 The program of co-operation adopted includei-.

A University in the Ctty of Mexico. A Hospital In the City of Mexico. Elil:ht Agricultural Schoofs in as many different centel's of the Republic; A Schoo' of Mechankal Arts in each important center. Normal Schools in such districts as do not ~t possess them, and the suenllf1enitlc of those already existing; Devetopment of the Union Theotogical Seminary .Iready existing in Mexico City; A Community Center Of Institutional Church in each important center in the Reputltic: A Union Publishin, House, Union Pa~. and Book Store, in City of Mexico; A Campa~an to popularize Medical KnowIedp; Definite dtvi$ion of territorial responsibility so as to .void overlappini or duplicati.m of effort.

o MILES o

Advanced Program for

BY REV. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, NEW YORK Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America WHAT is our duty toward Mexico now that the European War is oved Many are saying that it is armed interven- tion. A leading magazine heads an editorial: "The Time to Stop a War is Before it Begins. "-and goes on to say: "Our war with Germany is over. For a while at least most of humanity has ceased its ghastly self-slaughter, and men's hearts and minds are filled with hopes and plans for a better and an ordered world. We have entered upon a breathing space during which, if public opinion will but steady itself, inform itself, and concern itself with realities instead of with chimeras, we may actually stop the next war before it begins.

"The next war! How can there be a next wad We have just won the war that was to end war. The Kaiser languishes in exile. Prussian militarism is overthrown. Whom then must we fight and what are we to fight about?

"With a full realization of the seriousness of what we are saying, our blunt answer to the first question is Mexico, and to the second American Investments."

The American missionaries in Mexico believe that they have a duty to lead the American people in a program away from armed intervention and toward both the development of friendly relations between the two countries and to helping the Mexicans toward the solution of their problems. This article ontlines the plan which the missionary forces propose. This plan is not hastily made. It represents an intense stndy of the subject for more than four years by a company of people who more than any other group of foreigners have become identified with the Mexicans and enjoy their confidence. Indeed many Mexicans have taken part in making the program and President Carranza and other leaders have heartily endorsed it.

Readers of the REVIEW will remember that in June, 1914, many missionaries to Mexico finding themselves in the United States on account of political disturbances in that country, held a conference of representatives of interested Boards in Cincinnati, and studied the whole Mexican situation. Advanced ground was taken in matters of comity and union among the various communions and a challenging program was outlined. Under the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, which acts as a Board of Strategy for the twenty-eight missionary societies working in Latin America, this program has been presented to the various Boards, was altered, 431

worked over, and enlarged. Finally, nine out of eleven societies at work in Mexico agreed to send delegates to a Oonference in Mexico Oity, February 15 to 21, to decide on the final details of what is probably the most comprehensive cooperative effort to help a neigh. boring country that has ever been undertaken by the Ohristian Ohurch.

THE READJUSTMENT OF TERRITORY This program involves, in the first place, an entire read· justment of the territory occupied by the different societies, in or- der to do away with overlapping and duplication of work.' The first American missionaries went into Mexico in the early seventies. As others followed they naturally settled in the most acce&sible places, with no concerted plan. So when a survey was made in 1914, much overlapping of effort was found. For instance, in a city of 35,000 inhabitants there were three strong normal schools for girls, supported by as many Boards, with six American mis- sionary residents, while another whole state with a million people . had not one evangelical worker. ,Most of those at the conference recognized, as soon as the facts became known, that the fO,rces should be redistributed so as to give all parts of the country equal service. But how was it possible to leave fields occupied for nearly half a century, to sell property, and to abandon constituencies' If the Boards agreed, how could denominational machinery be ad- justed, and how could we persuade donors of memorial buildings, and other interests to consent? It is too long a story, but the fact is that the need of the people has overcome the difficulties, so that the readjustment of territory has taken place. Two Boards, that of the Disciples and the Southern Presbyterians, have abandoned all the territory they had and have transferred their work to an entirely new part of the country, thus compelling their constituency in the United States to learn even a new geography. Practically all the other Boards have made sacrifices in order that all- the country might be occupied. As a result today, each of the co- operating societies know just how much territory it has to occupy, just how many schools, institutions, hospitals, and workers it must provide, and best of all provision is made for -every corner of the Republic to hear the Gospel message. The following description of the distribution of primary responsibility as now accepted by all the Boards concerned, for brevity's sake, does not include extra state boundaries, where more than one Board occupies the same state."

Congregationalists are primarily responsible for the states of Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit and Colima.

* The Northern and Southern Baptists and the Protestant Episcopal Church have not entered into the arrangement.

AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO

Methodists South, the states of Chihuahua, Durango, Coahuila and Nuevo Leon.

Friends, the state of Tamaulipas.. Associate Reformed Presbyterians, parts of the states of Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi and Vera Cruz. Disciples of Christ, the states of San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas and Aguascalientes. Presbyterians, North, the states of Yucatan, Campeche, Tabasco, Chiapas and Oaxaca, Vera Cruz and territory of Quintana Roo. Presbyterian, South, the states of Michoacan and Guerrero and part of Morelos. Methodist Episcopal, the states of Guanajuato, Queretaro, Hidalgo, Puebla, Tlaxcala, and parts of Mexico and Morelos. The Federal District with the capital, Mexico City is common territory.

This adjustment of territorial responsibility has been approved, and will have been largely carried out by the time this is in print. Some Boards have been working in this new territory for consider" able time, having begun to reshape their program immediately following the Cincinnati Conference. The cooperating Boards are showing the finest spirit of unselfishness in exchanging property, and local churches are getting together in a new way. In some towns there is a uniting of two or three former denominational churches into one "Iglesia Evangelica" and properties thus freed are turned into Community Centers. Mission Boards have made it clear to the Mexican churches that no authority was assumed over them to "turn them over" to other communions, but that naturally they would be glad if there could be a clos~r union of the churches, even as the missionary Boards were learning to cooperate more closely. The new move- ment is thus able to strengthen the churches by throwing them more on their own resources for the- work of self-propagation, and by having the Foreign Mission Boards assume the distinctively edu- cational part of the program. Another distinctive advantage in knowing just how much terri- tory for which a communion is responsible is that it can figure just how many schools, hospitals, churches, teachers, ministers, etc., it needs to do its job adequately. Curiously enough, each Mission Board that has its territory delimited is now realizing the need of putting much larger forces in the field than it ever did when it vaguely considered all Mexic., as its field. The Northern Presbyterian Board, that before carried on work all the way from Torreon to Yucatan, with a staff of about thirty foreign workers, since it has accepted the entire responsibility for a limited area, and made a careful survey of the needs of the reduced field, is now planning for a force of eighty-seven foreign workers, one hundred and twenty Mexican workers, and the expenditure of $1,500,000 for educational equipment in the next ten years. The Southern Methodist Board reports that si.nce taking over the property of the Congregationalists in the city of Chihua-

hua. it finds itself with the most complete mission station there that it has anywhere in the world, with a wonderful opportunity and responsibility for leadership in educational and philanthropic work in a great center.

Monterey illustrates a somewhat different situation, as there were more complications there. There were four strong Boards supporting work, the Southern Methodists, the Northern Presbyterians, the Disciples of Christ and Northern Baptists. The Presbyterian and Disciple Boards are to withdraw from Monterey. The two congregations, however, which are old institutions, with a well-developed membership, have decided to maintain independent life. Since the withdrawal of the Board's support, the Presbyterian Church has maintained itself, paid its pastor, and seems to be taking on new life. The Disciples Church, composed of some of the oldest Protestant families in Mexico, believes that it should continue its corporate life and do its part in the evangelization of the city. Yet both of these churches say that they appreciate the action of their missions in entering the cooperative movement, that it is best for the whole country, and that they will in every way cooperate with the Christian force left in Monterey. It has taken some time to bring about the feeling on the part of these congregations that the Boards are doing the right thing; and one cannot help but sympathize with them in hesitating to change over in a body immediately to another denomination merely at the snggestion of foreigners. There would seem to be little doubt that the problem will be worked out, and there will develop a very close cooperation, if not a union, between the Methodist, Disciple and Presbyterian congregations.

A great gain has already been made in the fact that these two churches have become self-supporting. It may yet prove that one of the best results from this exchange of territory will be the development of a large nnmber of self-supporting churches. Monterey, a city of 80,000 people, needs four or more evangelical churches, if they are all cooperating with one another and doing work in different parts of the city. No doubt the Mexicans will find it easier to forget the denominational distinctions taught them by the Americans after they are placed upon their own responsibility.

As to the Northern Baptists, they are cooperating with the Southern Baptists rather than with the other eight Boards,. This will mean that in practically all the large cities of Mexico there will be one of these cooperating Boards with either a Northern or Southern Baptist work. It is hoped, however, that there will develop in each of these centers a close cooperation between the two bodies, especially since the Northern Baptists have already approved many of the general plans for cooperation.

AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO

One's heart leaps with enthusiasm as he contemplates the wonderful opportunity a single missionary society has with such a magnificent property as the Southern Methodists will control in Monterey after they have taken over that of the Disciples. Beginning at the Lawrence Institute, with three buildings and a block of ground, one will find a magnificent boys' school. Just a block away is a missionary residence,and a half block of ground which will be taken over by the Methodists, and two blocks further the magnificent building of the Christian Institute, where the Methodists will start a girls' school. A little distance from here is the hospital which the Methodists conducted with such splendid results for many years, and which will be reopened soon. Further on down toward the center of the town is found the large Methodist church. Mter taking over the Disciples' property there will be five large pieces of ground, with eight buildings; one church, three large school buildings, one hospital and three residences. Even without being on the ground one can easily imagine how, with the proper force of workers all united under one Board, with one common policy, a great compelling program may be developed which will dominate the city.

The Board that takes under its control such a large amount of property, with so many different kinds of work, must look at the problem in a very large way. Opportunities will be equalled only by responsibilities. The old, narrow programs, with few workers and limited budgets, must be replaced by an inclusive program that will serve the social, physical, educational and spiritual needs of a community, with workers who are specially trained for each department of service. The educational program, for example, should be directed by a man who i& thoroughly prepared in educational administration, and who understands not simply how to teach a few classes, but who knows the problems involved in the education of a whole people. Likewise the men who direct the evangelistic program should be of brf)ad spirit, understanding how closely the spiritual development of a backward people like the Mexicans is tied up with the economic and political problems which confront them. The force should certainly include those who are specially prepared to direct various kinds of social service and community work. After eight years of almost constant revolution it is clearer than ever that those who will do the most for Mexico must help in every department of life, and that our mission work will be of little avail unless we appreciate the problem from this viewpoint.

The city of San Luis Potosi is another good illustration of how the new plan will work. The evangelical forces consisted of the Southern Methodists, the Northern Presbyterians and the Baptists. The Presbyterians and the Baptists have had only evangelistic

work. Both own their Mission buildings. The Methodists have a beautiful church building. On one side is a residence capable of housing at least three families; on the other side is a building formerly used as a school for boys. A half block away is a large building that was used formerly as a school for girls. There hayo been no American missionaries in San Luis Potosi for four or five years, but Mexican pastors have kept up the church work. For some time the Presbyterians and Methodists, whose churches are only a block apart, have been considering the new program proposed by the Mission Boards, and each of these congregations has decided to cooperate completely in the new evangelical organization which may be developed out of these changes. It would not seem difficult to have these two churches combine. They might then become self-supporting.

The Disciples of Christ are to occupy tbis field in exchange with the Methodists, and the Presbyterians are to withdraw. The idea of the Disciple leaders seems to be that they would come in to do the educational and institutional work necessary in the city and to help, as might seem best, in the development of the local church. There is no intention to invade any of the rights of the individuals or congregations, but to cooperate with them iu the development of a strong church, known simply as the "Evangelical Church." The Baptist pastor brought his congregation to a union service which was held in the Methodist church on a recent Sunday rught, and expressed himself as desirous of cooperating in various ways.

THE PROGRAM IN SAN LUIS POTOSI . A general outline of the proposed new program is as follows: the Evangelical Church, which would draw all of the elements possible from the various sources, will meet in the beautiful Methodist church building. The large property formerly a girls' school will be used as an institute along the lines already worked out by the Disciples in their "People's Institutes" in Piedras Negras and San Antonio, Texas, with night classes, lectures on many themes, that would interest and educate the people, reading room, circulating library, gymnasium, classes in carpentry, shoemaking and other mechanical arts, with a kindergarten and primary school during the day. The Presbyterian church building, which faces a prominent plaza, will be used as a center for the poor people, who are in such dire need. The rear room will be dedicated to a clinic, the upstairs to a distributing center for second-hand clothing, the auditorium to evangelistic meetings for those who attend the clinic during the day, and at night for showing educational films and giving lectures on hygiene and teaching adults how to read and write. There seems to be no limit to the opportunities for such service in this city, where the poor people have crowded in from the

AN ADVANCED PROGRAM FOR MEXICO

surrounding country, hundreds of them sleeping in the doorways at night and walking the streets by day seeking for some little work to do or begging for enough to keep body and soul together.

The delimitation of territorial responsibility is, however, only a small part of the program which embraces three phases of work: (1) that done by each individual communion in its own territory; (2) that done in its own territory in accordance with a general co- ordinated plan; and (3) that done in entirely union institutions.

As to the first phase, the representatives of each commuuion visited their work and developed a program for their field before meeting in the conference at Mexico City. This means that each one of the eight Boards has now a carefully worked out program for its field, which includes the number of workers needed and the number of institutions to be established within a certain period, generally ten years.

The second and third phases of the program (coordinated and union work,) are clearly outlined. One of the most important divisions is that which calls for each of the eight Boards to develop an Agricultural and Mechanical college, specializing along the lines suited to the part of the country for which it is responsible. These schools will, therefore, be strategically located from Tamaulipas, Durango and Sinaloa on the North, down through the central states of Aguascalientes and Mexico to Michoacan and Yucatan in the south. While each of these will be supported by an individual Board, there will be a general secretary of agricultural education who will study the whole problem and coordinate these various schools in their endeavor to cooperate with the Government and the people in the solution of the land problem. The eight normal schools already conducted by the missions will be enlarged and several other schools of this class opened in order that every section of the country will have a center where both men and women may be trained as teachers. In the past the mission normal schools have furnished a large pel' cent of the teachers for the public schools in Mexico.

Then there is to be opened in each state capital and other centers of importance in the whole republic, a trade school which will be adapted to the industrial life and problems of each individual community. It has been decided also that a community center shall be opened in each of the cities and towns of importance in the republic. There will be a forum for the discussion of community problems, reading room and circulating library, night classes, lectUr£ison subjects of public interest, clinics and other means of service.

The Committee on Cooperation in Mexico, which is the official representative of these various Boards, will have a secretary who will give his time to the coordinating of these various united ef-

forts. A Board of Evangelical Education hali been formed, which will also have a secretary whose business it will be to travel among the schools, suggest improvements in their curricula, coordinate their work, both among themselves and with the government schools, organize teachers' institutes and in every way develop the efficiency of the educational institutions.

Two years ago a Union Theological Seminary was organized in the City of Mexico, with eight Boards cooperating. It has been most successful in its work. Plans are now made for the larger development of this institution so that it may meet the great demands for M[.'xican Christian leadership. Nine Boards have united in the development of one evangelical publishing house with headquarters in Mexico City.. The various printing plants of individual Boards have just been consolidated. A union paper for all of the churches will appear about July 1st, and a bookstore and depository is now being organized. A union hospital is planned for Mexico City.

The conference also worked on the problem of a university in the City of Mexico which should represent the best combination of both North American and Mexican educational ideals. It was decided that this institution would do a wider service if it were not connected with any ecclesiastical organization. It is intended that it should be a Christian institution, laying emphasis upon both the moral and practical sides of education.

This far-reaching program was submitted to President Carranza by a delegation from the conference and was heartily approved by him. In the conference itself were a number of Mexicans who have prominent positions in the educational and political life of Mexico at the present time. In fact it is most surprising to find the preponderant number of men in the present Mexican government who are connected with the Protestant Church, either by having been educated in mission schools or who have been ministers of Protestant churches. The Director of the National Preparatory School is a Presbyterian elder. The Secretary of the National University is a former Protestant minister. The Director of Secondary Instruction for the :F'ederal District is the son of a Protestant minister. Several governors of states are Protestants, as are countless directors and teachers in public schools.

It might be well to add here that President Carranza has recently initiated reforms in the constitution of Mexico, to change those articles which· prohibit religious corporations from conducting primary schools, and foreigners from exercising the rights of the ministry in Mexico. The American Mission Boards therefore feel that they can count upon the enthusiastic support of the Mexican people in the development of this large, inclusive program.

Effects of the War on

BY REV. JAMES DEXTER TAYLOR. D. D.

Missionary of the American Board in South Africa T WENTY years ago the Boer War in South Africa ab- sorbed the attention of the world and held the front page of the newspapers for three years. From 1914 almost to the present there has been going on in Africa a war, which, for extent of territory involved, number of men engaged, loss of life, and especially for its effect on international relationships, dwarfs the Boer War into insignificance and yet it has had for the most part only an occasional paragraph in the newspaper~.

It is interesting to trace the relation of Africa, remote as it seems to the every day life of the average American, to the World War and to world peace. In Africa the old style of international politics has been supremely exemplified, the race for territory, the clash of territorial and political ambitions, the secret treaty and the trading of interests. For many years before the war broke out Africa had been, equally with the Balkans, the powder magazine of the world. On more than one occasion war clouds have hung over Europe because of what the agents of European governments were doing in Africa. There the Germany which entered with uncertain and reluctant step on a policy of expansion in 1885 had, by the time when her military successes seemed about to promise success to her ambition for world power, remapped Mrica, laying out for herself a "Mittel Afrika" empire which was to be the foundation of her "Mittel Europa" empire, supplying the raw materials without which the latter could not exist, and diverting the attention of her greatest potential opponent, Great Britain. There the two· great democracies of Europe, adjusting their long antagonistic interests, formed by the treaty of 1904 the basis of the Entente Cordiale which settled the alignment of Europe's great democracies against her great autocracies in the world war. There, at Tangier, at Algeciras, and at Agadir were heard the first rumblings of the war that was so near. Moreover, Mrica might well have caused the Allies to lose the war. Had Egypt and the other Mohammedan countries on the north been drawn by the wiles of Germany into the "Holy War" proclaimed by her unholy ally, or had the mass of the Dutch population of South Africa been deceived by the same clever propaganda into rebellion against Great Britain, there would have been a different story to tell on the western front. Mrica will put to the test the unselfishness and idealism of the Allied 439

Nations at the peace table, for there are the possible spoils of war, but there also is the great opportunity for an experiment in international government. Surely the interests of Africa are the interests of Christendom, and we cannot afford to be indifferent as to what becomes either of Africa's territory or Mrica's people. We are not here mainly concerned with political considerations, but with those which bear upon the progress of the Kingdom of God in Mrica.

Let us first review what the war has meant to the African and to the missionary work in Africa. The former German territories in Africa, which have been conquered by three ycar~ of hard campaigns and severe fighting, are in area five times the size of Germany in Europe. Their population, estimated· by some writers as high as 13,000,000, has been under the arbitrary, militaristic rule of the power which knew no scruples that might prevent the attainment of its ends. Even before the war its population had been reduced by cruelties, private and official, to an alarming extent. Slavery still existed, so that 185,000 slaves to be freed is one of the legacies left in East Africa.

It is said that about 200,000 lives were lost in the Kamerun campaign alone; native communities were scattered, never to be reunited, thousands of natives were driven from their homes by war or drawn from their homes for service with the forces. Twenty thousand Bantu from South Africa served as drivers with the forces in East Africa, besides an equal number who saw service in labor battalions in France. About 167,000 natives from Nyasaland, Uganda and Rhodesia served as carrier corps. Native troops from Nigeria and Sierra Leone took part in the actual fighting in East Africa. Native levies were, drawn from the territory of every allied power in Africa, which means every province of the great continent. It is not too much to say that the great continent, accustomed to be called the "Dark Continent," still almost as much a terra inoognita to most Americans as before the explorations of Livingstone and Stanley, has felt throughout its mass and amongst its millions of backward peoples the upheaval and distress that has come to so large a portion of the world during the Great War.

Perhaps, to a degree beyond our knowledge, there has been felt throughout the length and breadth of Africa the throb of the same great hopes that the war has brought to other peoples. We do not say that the full meaning of democracy has penetrated to the mind of the pagan African, nor that he knows and sympathizes with the ideals of a League of Nations, but he is shaken out of his old pagan inertia, he has uew and

SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA

. WHA'I' SHAI,I, BE HIS PLACE IN 'l'HE NEW DEMOCRACY?

larger ideas of the rest of the world, and his ambitions arl3 awakened as never before. There is therefore created a new psychological atmosphere for missionary work, an atmosphere at once full of hope and full of danger; hope in the arousing of ambition, the broadening of horizons, the attaining even to a small degree of a world point of view, the inevitable result of which will be a turning toward the education which he recog-

nizes as the basis of the white man's power. The point where that education is most accessible to him, in most cases the only point where it is obtainable, is the Mission Station. Mass movements, already a marked feature in many parts of the continent, for example, in Nigeria, Kamerun, Uganda and Livingstonia, will probably become more general. A sense of helplessness in the new conditions, as well as ambition for the white man's education, will drive the natives to the missionary as their nearest and most trusted friend.

The danger in the situation lies in the fact that there will be more or less blind reactions to poorly understood influences. The heathen prophet will find good soil for his dangerous· sowing, as he does in every great crisis. Already in South Africa the native is learning to use the dangerous weapons of democracy. Strikes are becoming common. Those nearest the life of the native feel that he is in a turmoil of unrest. Hard times, the pressure of discriminating legislation and the tension of racial adjustments are producing a mental attitude in the native dangerous to himself and dangerous to the State. Even the Church is feeling the tension. Ethiopianism, the policy of no white control in the native church, is reviving after a somewhat quiescent period.

Truly it is a time for great activity and great prayer on the part of the Christian forces. The native is learning to use the dangerous weapons of democracy, the strike, passive resistance, political agitation. It is for us to furnish him with its useful tools, an understanding of Christian ideals and ethics, an education in industry; we must provide social outlets and opportunities; we must direct the growing sense of racial solidarity; we must labor to secure for the native rights and opportunities, fair land tenure and a share in the privileges as well as in the responsibilities of civilization. The war has intensified the conditions which the· white man's civilization was already bringing to Africa. It has also vastly enlarged and intensified the missionary opportunity and responsibility.

. The war has to an appreciable extent crippled the missionary forces which were already inadequate to the great task. The great German missionary organizations in Africa have for the most part been put out of business by the war, except in South Africa where they have been able to continue on a limited basis.. A~ the conquest of the territory has proceeded, the stations have gradually been reopened and Christian communities collected and reorganized, but under British and American societies which have had to stretch their Blender resources of men and m(lney to take on the new responsibilities. The closing out of

SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA

the German societies has removed several hundreds of mISSIOn- aries, together with their support.

The necessity for the snbstitution of the French for the Ger- man langnage in the schools of those areas of Togoland and Kamerun under French control has brought a further strain upon the missions in those areas. A complete and sudden adjustment to new language and new laws cannot be made without serious strain on organizations always undermanned for the size of the . task.

A still further crippling of the missionary force has been by the drawing away of large numbers of missionaries into military service. Some have been combatants, as in the case of the French; others have been chaplains or officers in labor contillgents. Some have officered carrier corps. Medical missionaries have in many instances given either whole or part time to military service.

Building enterprises have been held up by the prohibitive cost of building materials. Missionaries have had to give an unusnal amount of time to the raising of local products to serve as substitutes for foreign necessities of life unobtainable owing to shipping conditions. Government grants for education have either stood stin or in many cases been decreased or withdrawn. Self-support has been made difficult in the native churches on account of eoonomic conditions.

Cooperative efforts have been handicapped. For example, the General Missionary Conference of South Africa which should have met in 1916 has not met since 1912. Preoccupation with war interests, the financial stress, the impossibility of securing cooperation with German missionary forces, formerly a factor in the Conference, all have operated against such important co- operative enterprises. Mohammedanism has undoubtedly suffered less and bene- fited more by the war than Christianity. Upon Christianity, the gospel of peace on earth, rests the burden of acoounting to the native for the war among Christian nations. Mohammedan priests have been chaplains of pagan African battalions in the Sudan. Mohammedan soldiers have gained new prestige in many fields. The Christian propaganda centers' in mission stations and schools, which have in many instances been closed or scattered diH- ing the war. The Mohammedan propaganda· centers in the mobile trader who can quickly resume his travels on the caravan routes. Mohammedanism, broken as a political power, is perhaps more alive than ever as a religious power and is pressing southward to the very borders of civilized Africa.

LESSONS FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION 1. The African, not only in the conquered German colonies,

JOHA NNESBURG MIN E WORKERS-FOR GOD OR FOR THE DEVIL but in all of Africa, must get a square deal. He has had his share in the sufferings of the war. He must share in the privileges of life, liberty and self-government which the war has bought. His present capacity to enjoy the full benefits of democracy is limited, but to the limits of his capacity he should benefit by the new conditions. There is something pathetic and one may hope prophetic in the fact of thousands of Africans; the hewers of wood and drawers of water of the world, the nation without a nationality, fighting for the cause of world democracy, or laboring that an equal number of white meu might fight. It is a saf.e guess that the number of native Africans who have contributed to the Allied man-power will run well toward half a million. They have given their lives for the cause. Not only must the millions who have been freed from Germany's oppressive rule not be placed again under such control, but the League of Nations should see to it that throughout the continent the African secures equitable possession of land, self-government to the limit of his capacity and protection from exploitation by the white race. It must be secured alSi() that governments shall give the freest opportunity and the most cordial cooperation to the missionary forces which are laboring for the uplift of the African. The Portuguese and French colonial governments have been and are antagonistic to missionary effort in some of the areas under their control. .

We do not ask that African populations living in primitive tribal conditions, and still in the grip of fetishism shall be asked to decide by ballot what European nation, if any, they would choose

SOME EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON AFRICA

CHRISTIAN PREACHERS IN TRAINING AT UNION THEOLOGICAL COLLEGE. NATAL to rule over them, nor that the conquered territories be handed over to the rule of native chiefs, but we do insist that in all territories there shall be recognition of native rights and provision for native development, not according to the standards that the economic or political interests of the rulers may make expedient, but according to the standard that shall satisfy the conscience of the Christian world. Whether this international responsibility shall be exercised through the international commission government proposed by the British labor party for all of Africa between the Sahara and the Zambesi is a question of practical politics; the maintenance of the principle is an obligation of Christian statesmanship.

2. The native church has shown itself in the trying circumstances of the war to have the faith and the staying qualities that prove its capacity for a large place in the reconstruction plans of the missionary enterprise. In German East Africa Christian communities, of British origin, passed through· severe persecution wi.thout flinching. In Kamerun, where there was so much of suffering, the progress of the Church toward self-support was not stayed and its magnificent evangelistic enterprise continued unhindered. in Uganda the Church has seized eagerly upon the missionary op- . portunity that the war has opened of carrying the gospel to other

tribes. E:verywhete the native Christian has made good. As a steadying influence in the overseas labor corps, in the Christian carrier corps, in East Africa, and as a medical unit in the same campaign the native Christian has won high praise. Unquestion- ably the native church is a steadying influence amidst the social turmoil in South Africa.

The inference is that much is to be hoped from the de- velopment of the· native church into full self-support, self-con- trol and self-propagation; and the greater also is the emphasis upon the necessity for the training of a strong native leader- ship in the pastorate, the teaching profession and the trades.

3. The end of the Great War is the psychological moment for the intensifying of the war against the great remaining . atrocity in Africa, the liquor traffic. The liquor interests of South Africa have selected th~ most critical moment in the history of the South African native to launch a campaign to break down the prohibitive laws in the mining areas by opening can- teens for the sale of Cape wines and beer to natives. No timE' will be lost by the trade in recovering lost ground in Nigeria and else- where on the west coast,where war conditions have t.emporarily suspended the importation of liquor. The war has proven more conclusively than ·ever that the traffic is a cancer in the life of nations. The moment of peace is the moment for the temperance forces of America to back the missionary forces in Africa in a great campaign for the abolition of the liquor traffic throughout the continent.

4. All that has been said puts new emphasis upon the neces- sity for co-ordinating the missionary forces on the field. Kikuyu has sounded the trumpet of advance in its declaration of purpose not to rest till all the societies in that area shall share one church and one ministry. The German societies must be welcomed back to their share in the common enterprise of the Church. Denomi- national lines must fade, national churches from abroad must take on more truly African character, there must be greater recogni- tion of the essential oneness of all churches in Christ; there must be a re-survey and a more definite attempt than has yet been made to avoid overlapping in the more settled portions of the continent j there must be unity of effort in great social service and educa- tional programs that the resources of the Kingdom may not be squandered and that the greatest opportunity Africa has ever pre- sented may not be wasted.

Altogether the tasks that face the Church in Africa after the war are such as emphasize the duty of the American Church to keep Africa very much to the front in its prayers and its giving at this critical time.

Church and the Industrial Situation*

BY THE REV CHARLES A. BROOKS, Do Do, NEW YORK Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society T HERE is a striking and significant coincidence in the way the united missionary education program fits in with the re- cent rapid development of interest and importance of the situation as concerns the world's industrial workers.

The united home and foreign mission topic agreed upon a year ago, "Christianity and the World's Workers," recognizes the fact that the issues involved are not sectional or national but universal j that they are not remotely "foreign" or too inconveniently "home" to be interesting. This is a happy assurance that there is no real rivalry or competition or division of interest between" home" and "foreign" missions. Even more full of promise, is the recognition that the subject itself is missionary, inviting the challenge of adventure for God and humanity, the conflict of long esfablished wrongs with divine truth and light and love and 0 the dawning kingdom of Brotherhood and Peace.

The working men and women the world over, the common people whom God must love, according to Lincoln, have become intensely conscious of themselves as a class, and the necessities of the war have made them aware of the dependence of the world upon them and their co-operation. They have alarmed the more conservative elements by their ins~stence upon immediate satisfaction of their claims, reasonable or unreasonable. The highest wages ever paid have not proven sufficient to keep many groups of labor active and productive even though any slacking of their effort imperiled the cause of world freedom in which they had as much at stake as anyone. Then the debacle in Russia, the 80ciaJist opposition to the program of America in the war and the proven disloyalty of the 1. W. W. has roused bitte'r resentment and deep suspicion in the minds of conservative people that the class struggle is brutally and blindly selfish, and is a menace which must be put down at all costs.

But these facts do not tell the whole story nor do they finally dispose of the matter. Weare not to be done with this struggle until the moral leadership of the world courageously finds the way to permanent and just industrial peace.

America in 1800 was largely a rural nation. In that day eightyeight per cent of the people lived in the country and cultivated the soil. Today only twenty-four per cent are farmers. There are seventeen great cities, each of which is larger than anyone of our ten smallest states. In 1910, 13 cities had an aggregate population *This article was written before the Armistice was signed.-EDlTOR.

447

of 17,000,000 lJ,nd employed in great industrial concerns more than 2,500,000 workers. The annual output of those concerns accord- ing to the government report was valued at $7,500,000,000. The mining and lumbering industries, with transportation, represent vast investments of capital and employ many thousands who live under conditions far less favorable to the general welfare than many of the cities and larger towns offer. The entrance on a large scale of women into industry and the great army of the foreign born present their own peculiar problems. The presence of chil- dren in the struggle for daily bread is a dark blot upon our civi- lization. Professor Fairchild of Yale well reminds us that our knowledge of how to produce satisfactory social conditions has not kept pace with our knowledge of how to produce wealth.

When the war began, America underwent very radical in- dustrial changes. The future significance of many of these changes and the establishment of many precedents, only an inspired prophet would attempt to foretell.

The tremendous industrial expansion which followed the un- precedented demand for war materials has revolutionized many communities and created outright many more. The Government established numerous centers under the Ordnance Bureau of the War Department for the production of chemicals, the loading of shells, etc. with populations varying from 1,000 to 25,000; built the houses and schools, the sanitary equipment and established a City Manager form of government. Old established industrial centers such as Newark, N. J., Bridgeport, Conn., Akron and Youngstown, Ohio, Bethlehem, Pa., Camden, N. J., Chester, Pa., etc., experienced an almost inconceivable growth in populatiQn·. The Delaware River Basin has become one of the busiest industrial areas of its extent on the globe. It is a conservative estimate that over 90,000 new population, including many foreigners and negroes, moved into the region. It is impossible even to estimate with any fair degree of accuracy how many people have been affected by these new conditions the country over. Some of these industries very naturally have now experi~nced a reaction but many others are not so much affected. Shipbuilding must go on for many years, the great chemical expansion begun under the pressure of the war will not be allowed to lapse. Many of. these communities will have a great industrial future.

The migration of negroes from the Southern States to North- ern industrial centers has in it great possibilities for good or ill. The railroads have been pioneers in importing negro labor to re- place the returned immigrants called home to take their part in the war. Not less than 750,000 negroes have crossed the Mason . and Dixon line to find a place in our Northern cities. Perhaps no single section has felt this more than Ohio, Indiana and Michigan.

THE CHURCH AND THE INDUSTRIAL SITUATION

A recent survey conducted under the auspices of the Home' Missions Council indicates conservatively that J30,000 new negro population has settled in these States. They naturally are oblige,d to live in the most undesirable quarters. They have been met by a hostile attitude on the part of many workers. The fearful outbreak in East St. Louis is an indication of the social and industrial upheaval, fortunately less serious in other sections than on the border. The higher wages and generally better conditions than most enjoyed in the South makes it apparent that in all probability these people will remain permanent residents in the North. These recent developments add a new importance and urgency to the industrial situation.

THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CHURCH No argument is needed to prove that the Christian Church in America is still too much of a negligible factor in the industrial world. It has little influence upon the masses of workmen and is either openly denounced or completely ignored. It is generally suspected of being partisan in its attitude and of representing the conservative element of society.

Without attempting any discussion of this very important problem may I suggest some ways in which the Church should reclaim her rightful leadership and influence.

1. The leaders of Christian thought and activity, pastors, laymen, secretaries and editors m?tst recognize the existence of a crucial opportunity in the period of reconstruction. It will not ' do to fall back upon our own formulas, strafe the Socialists, the Industrial Workers of the World and the Bolsheviki and take anattitude of hostility toward the labor leaders who in. many instances have merited criticism. We must' give ourselves to an earnest and open minded study of the issues involved and have an intelligent grasp of the situation. To-day Socialism seems to offer many earnest men the only medium of expression or outlet of their social passion. But there are thousands of men equally earnest and devoted to the cause of human welfare who cannot accept the doctrine of Socialism, and yet must line up with some constructive force which will not compromise with injustice nor tolerate human exploitation. The Christian Church can have these men and women any time she makes it evident that she stands foursquare and uncompromisingly for the supremacy of human rights in the name of her Lord. If the Church cannot lead these socially minded men and women, she will be thrust toone side, for God is mar<}hing on.

2. The Church must show its spiritual vitality and loyalty to the Spirit and mind of Christ by its passion for human welfare. Only a spiritually dead church can be indifferent to human need or

suffering. The great spiritual awakenings 'Of the Church have been fQllQwed by great refQrms. The revival which aWQke England under the ministry 'Of Wesley and Whitefield arQused England tQ realize the social wrQngs 'Of that day.

The Snnday schQols established by RQbert Raikes 'Of GlQucester were the beginnings 'Of a PQPuiar educatiQn. By writings and by her 'Own persQnal example Hannah MQre drew the sympathy of England tQ the PQverty and crime 'Of the agricultural laborer. The passiQnate impulse 'Of human sympathy with the wronged and afflicted raised hospitals, endowed charities, built churches, sent missiQnaries tQ the heathen, supPQrted Burke in his plea fQr the Hindu and Clarkson and Wilberforce in their crusade against the iniquity 'Of the slave trade. John Howard drew his inspiratiQn fQr prisQn ~efQrm frQm the same fountain head of spiritual plOwers newly 'Opened fQr the healing of the nations.

There can be nQ such thing as devDtion tQ Jesus Christ which dDes nQt carry with it lQve fDr men, especially fQr the fQlk whQ need it most. In fact our Lord said that the only assurance 'Of our devQtiQn He wDuld accept as valid is what we do for thDse whQm He lQves.

3. The Church must democratize its service and its fellowship. The Church was meant tQ be a kind of wQrking model Df the Kingdom 'Of GQd, an ideal society. There can be no such thing as a class cDnsciQusness in a truly Ohristian Ohurch. A "labQr" church is as much an anQmaly as a "capitalist" church. When Phillips BrQDks was tQ preach befDre Queen VictQria, SDme 'Of his English friends were anxiDus that he should appreciate the distinguished hDnDr and rather brDadly hinted this and asked what sermDn he had chQsen tQ preach. This great Christian replied, "I have but lOne sermDn." 'When asked tQ address a working man's meeting in Faneuil Hall he replied, "I dQn't knQw hQW tQ talk tQ wQrking men. " They were just men tQ him and he had the same message fDr them as fQr the men and WQmen 'Of the Back Bay. The wQrking men liked him the better fQr it and it was while serving as their chosen arbitratQr tQ settle a street car strike in BQston that he cQntracted the CQld which later caused his death.

Before DemQcracy was ever written intQ the cQnstitutiQn 'Of any natiQn it was written intQ the cQnstitutiQn 'Of the universe. DemQcracy is the Christian valuatiQn of human persDnality. Democracy should begin in the HQuse 'Of GQd.

A pastor in a Western city one day, as we were planning SQme cQmmunity service for an unchurched section of the city, tQld me Df a neighbDring pastQr who said when he had SQught tQ interest him in the prQject: "I am 'On a still hunt fQr substantial peDple." That undemQcratic and essentially un-Ohristian attitude has alienated many working people, and has actually turned many Df these

same "substautial people" from its doors. The Church can have the people any time it really wants them. But to want them, really and truly and deeply want them, is a spiritual achievement of a very high order.

4-The Church must proclaim with unmistakable clearness and unwaverin,q emphasis the stewardship of wealth and social position. The recent book by David McConaughy, "Money, the Acid Test," rightly makes ste,'ardship include not only the giving of money, .but the conscious and recognized obligation to society for the possession and use of every thing we possess. If we had been faithful a half a century ago in proclaiming the broad conception of stewardship we would have avoided many tragic mistakes and saved many wasted lives. This inability to recognize the application of Christian principles to business has been the root of untold injury to the cause of Christ. Whenever the Church will consider unsocial and dishonest stewardship as a ground for discipline and a basis for disfellowship it will have done much to regain the confidence of the man in the shop and the mine.

But in the light of the late crusade against world oppression and injustice, against exploitation and disregard of human rights, we have found our souls, we trust, and are ready to dare all things, make any sacrifice, endure any hardship in order that our dream of brotherhood and redemption may be realized. It is. this new temper of soul which should enable the Church to rise up and attempt the impossible.

A NEW MISSIONARY PROGRAM This attitude and spirit for which we have been pleading must of necessity be reflected in the missionary program of the churches.

I-There must be effective co-operative planning and execution. That was at once apparent in the new industrial centers developed under pressure of the war. It was this conviction that led to the organization of The Joint Committee of Sixteen to represent the War Time Commission of the Churches and the Home Missions Council. This Committee adopted a tentative budget, for the first year, of approximately $900,000, and plans to establish Community churches with an adequate staff of workers in the new permanent communities and is enlisting the support of the various Home Mission Boards to strengthen already existing churches in the older established communities which have been called upon to meet the emergency of this industrial expansioll.

This spirit is finely illustrated in the organization of "The Calumet Church and Missionary F€deration," which is really a missionary planning Board to study and provide for the needs of that rapidly developing industrial region contiguous to Chicago on the East. Christian unity to be of any value must be wrought

out as the unity of allied military action has been wroughtardluu out in France, under the pressure of a great common peril and challenge which makes the recognition of a common cause absolutely essentiai to victory. 'The great. masses of laboring men and women, the people of the great congested areas in our cities, neither know nor care about our historic or theological differences. What they will understand readily is incarnate love and friendliness which reveals and interprets the Saviour.

2-0ur missionary program mnst be a comprehensive community program projected not upon the basis of theories, but on the ground of meeting the needs of the community.

During the frightful suffering endured by the poor in New York City in the winter of 1917 to 1918 the churches endeavored to keep the buildings warmed and opened to the community. The children came from school and the mothers and babies from the tenements, to seek refuge. One of the missionary organizations, when the coal for the churches was exhausted, appealed in vain for more. Finally the head woman worker went in person to present the urgency of the situation. She at once met with the sharp reply that they were not furnishing coal for churches. Then pleading for two minutes' time she told the story of the heroic service they had been doing to meet the emergency. Before she had finished the coal administrator called on the telephone to a supply yard and the missionary heard one end of the conversation and her imagination supplied the other. "Send some coal to the Second Avenue Baptist church. Yes I know we are not supplying any coal to churches, but this isn't a church. They call it a church, but it isn't a church, it's a place where they take care of children and women with babies. Send them some coaL"

The missionary program which is to minister to the community where congestion and poverty abound, where life is barren of beauty and warmth, must provide for the whole life of the whole community. The foreign mission program has long ago recognized that obligation, but some way our conventional religious activities have not made room for a building which shall be a community center, with a day nursery, a dispensary, a laundry, recreational and educational equipment. But we see it now, and the great Home Mission Boards will never be content to confine their ministry to a program that calls for a twice a week opening of a meeting house.

There can be no substitute for personal religious experience. What we plead for is what John the Baptist came for, a preparation for the Lord, a prepared way, with rough places smoother, the crooked straightened, the low places filled up and the high places leveled, that the glory of the Lord may be revealed and all flesh see it together.

@ @ ~

. _ " BE S'TDD.M~UETJtHJO…"Dau.S"". . . ,,~O ,,"_ EDiTED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, NEW YORK CITY_ Working By Proxy METHODS OF HELPING OTHERS DO THEIR WORK Is it true that no one can do 'another's work? Perhaps so, but equally true is it that every one can help some one else to do his work better. Some of the most effective workers in the world to-day are effective because of the people who are helping them, while the greatest things accomplished by men and women are not always the things they actually do themselves but the things they make it possible for others to do.

WILLIAM CAREY did a work conserve valuable strength and mul- which reached to the ends of tiply efficiency.

the earth. A widow unknown to The American women who gave fame in whose home he began his Dr. Ida: Scudder an automobile lit- work helped to make possible a work erally made the strength of that which she could have in no wise done splendid worker in India as the herself. strength of ten, for doctor plus A woman who never set foot in an automobile can cover as much Africa made possible much of the ground and see as many patients as work done by David Livingstone by ten doctors minus an automobile.

handing him a cash gift as he was A missionary who has been in going out to his work. With this service for thirty-two years recently gift Livingstone employed the native wrote to a friend: "It would be so man who cared for him in many easy for some one to make possible ways, who conserved the strength of a longer period of efficiency for the his master by attending to details of older missionaries by a little thought- his work, and, who actually saved ful provision for aids in our work.

the life of that greatest of all mis- . We go through our first and second sionaries to the dark continent, in and perhaps our third decades with an encounter with a lion. enthusiasm and energy, struggling We are inclined to most extrava- with the ever unsolvable problem of gant economy in withholding the making two very inelastic ends meet equipment which would make the to cover the needs of the family.

work of missionaries and missionary We do it cheerfully and get so used leaders really effective. to it that stretching one dollar to the Extravagance garbed in the guise purchasing power of five, and making of economy is it which bids a mis- something out of nothing, grow to be sionary secretary save on clerical help in time almost second nature.

to the exhaustion of his own vitality, "But when we start in on our while truest economy is found in the fourth decade we face a very difficult expenditure of sufficient amounts to situation. By virtue of our thirty. or 453

more years' residence and work in Many people have given thought to our adopted land we are at last really increasing the efficiency of the young in a position to do many things we missionary, but here is suggested a have longed to do. Now we meet great opportunity of prolonging the evidences of a love and confidence, efficiency of workers, already trained gained only by long years of residence and acclimated, who have a hold on and work. Now come requests to the work and a position of influence take charge of many important ac- not to be had by any new comers to tivities and, after working for all the field, no matter how gifted and these years to reach this vantage energetic they may be.

ground, we have to fail to make the UNLISTED IN WHO'S· WHO most of it, because of physicallimitations. If an adequate means of Yet they have made some great traveling about the large city in work possible.

which our work may lie were pro- . During the days of the war it vided, we might be able to do some seemed that a missionary secretary, of these things we have longed to who was doing exceptionally fine do and now have the opportunity of work in rural communities for the doing. If we could have enough Federal Council of Churches, would help in our homes, so that the enter- have to give it all up because his taining which is at once a great wife's strength was not sufficient to privilege and a great drain on the meet the demands made by the care strength of the senior missionaries, of the home and the children, with might be less of a drain and more of no servant to be had on any terms.

a privilege, we could have strength A bright young schoolgirl saw the released for the outside work that situation and proposed that she would calls so insistently. Even if he is come in for several hours every day able to get along without it in his to cook.or to wash dishes or to clean younger days, a missionary after his house or nurse as the need was.

third furlough should have some kind Some of her schoolmates made horri- of conveyance for his own use, or fied ejaculation: "Surely you are else a fund to enable him to use more not going out to help to do house- freely the public motor cars when work !" "Oh, no," said she. "I'm such are available. To his former going out to help the Federal Coun- salary should be added enough to cil of Churches carry out a program enable him to live and entertain the for a great work in rural communi- many guests who come to his door, ties."

without the straining economy which In the Centenary Campaign of the exhausts him. Methodist Church a man was needed Here for instance is the wife of a to do a fine piece of organizing work missionary. She is over sixty but in looking after the allocation of five is in good health and goes about four . thousand minute men to speak in miles to her work. She takes two different churches. A New York lines of cars and walks five blocks pastor was found who was peculiarly each way, occupying about an hour fitted for the task, but there seemed in· making the trip. She returns no way to secure his release from home exhausted. If she had been the heavy pastoral work which de- able to go in an automobile she could manded all of his time, until a young have made the trip in less than fif- layman said, "Now I cannot manage teen minutes and been rested instead as big a proposition as this area of wearied by it. Why does she not proposition with the assignment of live near her work? Because her speakers and all it involves, but I can husband's classes must be considered organize the executive work of this first and their home is convenient to congregation so as to release a large these." part of the pastor's time on six days

BEST METHODS

of the week. Whereupon he applied delegate to the International Sunday himself to the task of having the School Association. Of course you members of the congregation take are going." "I'm a delegate, but I'm care of many of the week day not going," was the answer. A bit activities which had previously been of questioning brought the informaattended to by the pastor. New- tion that he was not going because comers, and new members were called he did not have money to pay his on, the sick· were visited, and a expenses. Then the Bible class splendid system of work was set teacher said, "Now see here, I believe in motion which made it possible for in you and what you're going to do the pastor to give his time largely in the Sunday-school, and I'm going through the week to the big piece of to see that you go to that convenwork for the Centenary. This was tion." the main objective, but a valuable by-product was the increased activity The young man went, and there his of the membership of the congrega- eyes were opened to the possibilities tion in the work of the church: of the Sunday-school, and he has given his life to the realization of There is a woman whose name has these possibilities. never appeared in a list of missionary workers, but who is doing a great The Bible school teacher had only work by proxy. She does not speak a local influence through his own at meetings nor is she known to work, but when he found Marion executive councils, but she slips Lawrance and gave him the $20.00 quietly into the home of a prominent which paid his expenses to his first and busy missionary leader who is Sunday School Convention, he set in eminently fitted to both of these tasks, motion the greatest influence of his and takes. charge of her darning bas- life. ket, thereby releasing much of her gifted friend's valuable time for He little dreamed that he was service which she alone can give. An- helping the future General Secretary other woman who was doing a fine of the International Sundav Schaol piece of public work in addition to Association to find his work and to her own housekeeping was enabled do it in a way that has for years to continue it without interruption made him the outstanding Sundaybecause a practical friend said, "I sch001 leader of the world. cannot do the speaking you are doing, but if you will keep right at it, I'll In like manner some one saw the attend to your canning and preserv- possibilities in a young law student, ing this summer." and made arrangements for W. C. Pearce to go to his first Sunday- A business man proposed to as- school convention, which was a great sume the salary of one of the great influence in directing his exceptional missionary leaders of this country, ability in dealing with men in the making it possible for this most con- channels of Christian and Sundayvincing speaker to go all over the school work. country giving his message. He has stirred the hearts of men everywhere' DANGERS OF SELF-CENTERED and secured multiplied thousands for missions and many missionaries for SERVICE the field, The business man could not have done the work, but he made At a summer conference some one it possible for another man to do it. spoke of the magnetic personality and the outstanding success of one of the In the year 1884 a Bible class leaders. teacher put his hand on the arm of a young Sunday-school superinten- "Yes," said a thoughtful man dent. "I'm glad to see you are a quietly, "I have noticed his success and have noted that it has been attained at the sacrifice of other men's success. He seems to have had no thought beyond his own

classes. He has kept the members of rosetted and looped, artistically them beyond the hour, and knocked draped, and gaily streamered.

the heart out of the work of the man The hat was presented as a "going who followed him. He has featured away hat" for the summer confer- his own work, but has done nothing ence trip and the application thereof in a big cooperative way to help was evident. The committee testi- others do theirs." fied that they had no difficulty in se- To constantly have a thought for curing the gifts and that practically the success of others; to make it pos- everyone to whom they mentioned it sible for some one who is about to immediately wanted to have part in fail to succeed; to help some one who the plan.

is doing good work to do better Here lies a suggestion for sending work; to lead into the work some one delegates from various organizations.

who has been on the outside: here is A bright little rhyme to accompany broader opportunity than unconsider- the presentation adds to the occasion.

ing, self-centered achievement of ONE WOMAN'S INFLUENCE one's own task alone. The day was done, and a woman HER GOING AWAY HAT tired and weary signed her name to Modes and Methods in Missionary the last note to be written as the clock struck twelve. "Another day Millinery • gone and what have I done?" she The members of the miSSIOnary said. society wanted their pastor's wife to go to the summer conference, but the She read over the two notes: "Dear Miss Blank: There comes to financing of the trip was the thing me so constantly the feeling that the that clouded their brow. nurses in our hospitals are so overcworked and that they have so little relaxation She was a fine missionary leader, but for years she had been giving from their constant association with a world of sickness and suffering that I freely out of her store with no iust long to snatch them away from it chance for training or for stimulating all for a little while into an entirely differassociation with other leaders and ent atmosphere which would put a new teachers. The summer conference song in their weary hearts and a new spring in their tired steps. I have enwith its rich program of methods gaged two seats for all the orchestra conand study would be just the thing for certs this season which I want to place her, but where was the money to at your disposal, as you are in charge of come from, and just how was it to the nurses. I cannot do the work they be. presented to her? are doing but perhaps this strain of music Then began much whispered dis- in their lives will help them to do it better." cussion and many mysterious references. Whenever "the hat" was men- She sealed this and then glanced tioned, people smiled a little knowing over the other note.

smile and stock in millinery straight- "Dear Pastor; I am sending you a line way became popular. to let you know that a little bird flew At the close of the next meeting past and whispered to me that my pastor of the society a delivery boy ap- and my pastor's wife were tired and needed a rest. This same little bird flew peared at the psychological moment on up to Poland Springs and engaged a with a huge hatbox addressed to the room for you for a month on the very pastor's wife, who was asked to come forward to receive it. When the spot you said you would choose of all spots for a vacation, and tells me that the bills are all paid in advance. It was a box was opened a straw hat, product blue bird, by the way, and I am sure if you follow its leading you will find of a five and ten cent store, was happiness and new strength." lifted out. Interest centered not in the shape but in the most startling Before she went to sleep, her trimming, eloquently suggestive of St. thoughts traveled back over the busy Patrick. Greenbacks were gracefully hours of the day. No great task had

been done. She had attended a meet- lips tightened, her eyes flashed the ing of the Orphan's Home Board and spirit of the conqueror. By sheer had succeeded in getting an assistant force of her will she seemed to hold for the superintendent. She had her patient back from the out-reach- gone by the hospital to make sure of ing arms of death. In defiance of the delivery of the victrola and the the doctor's sigh she continued her records the nurse had told her would ministrations, not submissively but be such a wonderful help. She had combatively, until, as the hours of lost time there because one of the the night broke before the coming young doctors looked so tired and of the dawn, the doctor whispered worn she had stolen him away for a exultingly: "You win!"

little ride in her automobile. As the patient breathed evenly and Then she had mailed to a mission- regularly he said, "I marvel at your ary friend in Japan a number of endurance and your unconquerable dainty little dresses which her own SpIrIt. You simply held this man little daughter had outgrown, and back from death to-night, after I had sent with them a batch of late gave up."

magazines. In the evening she had The eyes of the nurse became given a birthday party for one of the dreamy. "I would have given ~p deaconesses at the mother house. too if it had not been for the con- For years it had been her custom to cert. I was completely exhausted be hostess for the birthdays of the last night but to-day some one sent sisters, most of whom were far awav me a ticket for the concert. It was from their families. Then she had wonderful and it put new life and finished up with the dressmaker who spirit into my work. I just could not was working on a dress for her give up with that music in my heart."

friend. She thought of this friend **** as she went to bed, and prayed that A pastor came back to his wor!: God would speak through her His after a month's vacation with a ne,1:'

messages as she traveled through light in his eye and a new energy in the land addressing important meet- his planning. Throughout the parish ings. Several years ago she had pro- it was evident. New members were posed that she would become "Lady enrolled, and far reaching plans were of the Wardrobe" to do her friend's projected. The church officials were shopping and look after all the time- full of joy. Now he seemed to be consuming details, so that her full getting a masterful grip on the situa- time might be released for missionary tion. He had been very tired and service. his vacation had made a new man of She slipped out of bed to write yet him. A woman who could not do a another note to assure this friend of pastor's work had made it possible hers that she was following her for a pastor to do his work more schedule with prayer. Then she went efficiently. * At an orphan's* ho*me*a- superintento sleep, little dreaming of what she had done that day. * * * * dent was carrying out her dream of In the dim light of a hospital years to give more time to some of room a doctor and a nurse sat by a the things she counted most vital, but which had been impossible for lack patient's bed. . "We lose," whispered the doctor to of assistance. Now, with her new the nurse, as he admitted the hope- assistant, had come new hope and lessness of the long, hard fight by a new courage and dreams come true. sigh and sat down dejectedly by the – With grateful heart her thoughts turned to the woman who had made patient's bed. No relaxing was evident in the this possible. "If there is any ~uccess nurse's face. The lines about her in my work just about half of the

reward is hers, because her hearty a birthday and cared to celebrate it.

support and understanding sympathy The few hours of happy relaxation have made my work possible. had bound all of the guests closer * *** together and put a clearer note of A nurse rolled a victrola into the fellowship and joy in their work ward on Sunday morning. As the "Bless her," whispered one, "she soft strains of "Rock of Ages Cleft just seems to live to help other peo- for Me" came to each ear the drawn ple to live up to their best and to faces in the beds relaxed and an air do their work"

of peace pervaded the room. Then **** followed others of the old hymns, A missionary secretary faced an bringing blessing and assurance to invitation to address a great gather- those who listened. From room to ing. "No more this year," she said room the victrola was taken and in as she glanced at her suitcase, "I each it gave its message and accom- must go home for rest and repairs."

plished its work. "It is one of my Then there came a letter written at first and one of my last aids," said midnight.

the nurse. "It has helped many "I am following you with my back to health and has comforted prayers as you speak Then, my some in the valley of the shadow. dear, I am worldly-minded enough This dear, dear friend of mine litt~ to follow you with the new dress you knows how many hearts she has had fitted several weeks ago. Never 'reached through her gift nor how get it into your head that the Lord much easier she has made my work" can speak better through a woman * * A * who is carelessly dressed than through young d*octor patients one who is hooked uP. straight with met his with a fresh breath of air in his no buttons dangling. I know how lungs and a new light in his eye, little time you have to give to details, just because of a little spin around and I count it a real privilege to the beautiful driveway of the park. relieve you of as much care of your **** wardrobe as possible; and while I Over in Japan a woman unpacked cannot address the audiences you can, little dresses while a deep wave of yet I hope you can get in more meet- thanksgiving swept her heart. She ings than you could if you had to be hugged her little daughter impul- bothered with this shopping."

sively. "This means, precious, not At a meeting next day four young only that you can have these lovely people decided to give their lives to dresses, but that mother can go right missionary service and a gift of five on with the kindergarten work in- thousand dollars was secured for stead of having to stop to sew as the work.

she had planned. And these maga- "These are her -trophies," said the zines! We must begin right away speaker to herself, Hfor I could to divide them up among all the not have accepted this invitation nor missionaries who are so hungry for a host of others if she had not taken a sight of them. They will bring on her shoulders so many details of joy all along the line. I wonder jf shopping and planning for me."

that friend across the ocean knows **** that she makes it possible for me to The day was done. A woman do many things that could neyer have tired and weary fell asleep. What had been done but for her?" she done? No newspaper recorded **** any great achievement with flaring A deaconess had gone to her work headlines. No audience thronged with a new glow about her heart. around her in appreciation, yet she It made such a difference to know had made possible work which reached that some Qne actually remembered the ends of the earth.

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS WM. H. FARMER, Montclair, N. J. Representative of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Board· CHRISTIAN LITERATURE IN MISSION FIELDS A Letter to the Woman's Foreign Mission Boards ONCE more the Committee on ment and urged upon all Christian Christian Literature for Women teachers throughout the land, reads and Children in Mission Fields de- like a romance. By this method sires to lay before ·you its pressing thirty-nine characters are made to do need of funds to carry on its work. the work of the 5,000 or 6,000 which This Committee is one of the the most limited reading and writ- ing of Chinese has heretofore re- Standing Committees of the Federa- quired. With the pos3ibilities bound tion of Women's Boards. Its re- up in this new system, when the port for 1918 is included in the an- seven hundred thousand Ch.:_tians nual report of the Federation, which shall each say to his neighbor, may be secured from Miss M. H. "Know the Lord through the pnnted Leavis, West Medford, Mass. page," it is manifestly of the gr:::atest importance that books shall be pre- As a Committee, we have become p2recl for women and young people responsible in 1919 for several im- which shall give them pure Christian pOItant pieces of work, but mnd our- ideals. selves, at this date, with less than The Chinese Christian Literature $500 in our treasury. Council, of which Miss Laura M. May we ask that you will, at the White is a member, has asked the Woman's Committee to provide earliest opportunity, bring to your $1000 gold for this great new en- Executive Committees these requests, terprise. The Committee has guarand urge an immediate and generous anteed this sum. support of this appealing and evergrowing branch of foreign mission- 3. In Japan a new weekly news- paper for women has just been ary work? started under the auspices of the 1. The Committee has promised Christian Literature Society of Japan. Miss Bosanquet (Bo~zan­ $500 annually for the publishing ex- kay) in charge of this department penses of "Happy Childhood," the only Christian magazine for Chinese says: children. Through the generous and self-sacrificing efforts of Mrs. Donald MacGillivray, of Shanghai, the Committee is able to place this little "We shall be very glad if friends will illustrated magazine in the hands of help us to make the 'Ai No Hikari' about four thousand of the children (Light of Love) known and get it into of China, at the nominal cost of the factories and workshops. It will also twenty-five cents gold per year. But be found suitable for home use, for moth- ers' meetings and for farmer and fisher there are millions of children who people."

have no "Happy Childhood," and The Committee has assumed $300 we beg for funds to lengthen the as its yearly gift for this much- list of those who shall be gladdened needed new paper. Ten dollars wilt . by this messenger from Christ's peo- . place it for a year in the hands of ple. one thousand Japanese women, who Z. The story of the new alphabet perhaps have never had a glimpse of for China, endorsed by the Govern- such a life as Mary SJessor's, the 459

story of whose girlhood begins in the to learn the le'ssons of the war. A initial number, February, 1919. dozen new democracies have sprung A new magazine for English into existence over night. The new speaking students in India has been peoples eager for popular govern- already guaranteed under the super- ment, as a rule, are ill prepared for vision of Miss Flora Robinson and its exercise. A vast responsibility her sister Ruth of Isabella Thoburn rests upon missionary boards in the College, Lucknow. We have the first matter of education in democracy, $500 for this. A second will be especially as to the Christian basis needed before January 1, 1920. for democracy. One of the tasks is Other smaller undertakings, all the preparation of the 400,000,000 beneficial and all greatly needed, Chinese for self rule. There is an make a budget of approximately $3,- urgent call for books and trcatis.·'~ 000 to be financed during 1919. This· emanating from America which shall is a very conservative estimate, really deal' with this problem in a popular only a drop in the bucket needed to yet fundamental way.

assuage the thirst of the new Chris- 2. Along with the new political and tians in our mission fields. economic aspirations, there has come We ask therefore that you will re- a heart hunger to the nations. Their spond as soon as possible with a sub- time honored institutions are failing stantial appropriation from your to meet their deeper needs. Their Board for these most appealing ob- religions have not stood the test of jects, and that you will also try to modern conditions. In many lands, secure immediate gifts from inter- notably in China, we see a reaching ested friends, women's clubs, inter- out for the secret of vital Christian- denominational groups and summer ity. Multitudes who have never at- conferences. tended a mission chapel are in a Surely we cannot fail in this bit of mood to read a well written book in world rebuilding, nor refuse to share which the essential truths of our our riches of books and magazines religion are set forth.

with the newly awakened women 3. Synchronizing with this new and young people of lands brought … situation is a rapid increase in the near us by a world-war. reading public. Not in vain have the Please make checks payable to L. mission schools throughout the world V. North, Treasurer, Bradford Acad- been pouring out their thousands of emy, Bradford, Mass. graduates year by year. In countries Christian Literature leaflets and like Japan, the government has seen programs may be obtained from Miss to it that the people generally have M. H. Leavis, West Medford, Mass., been taught to read. In India not for ten cents in stamps. less than a million new literates are Yours in Christian service, being produced by government and ALICE M. KYI,E, Chairman. mission schools every year. Are we L. V; NORTH, Treasurer. to create a thirst for knowledge and MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, then not supply the means for its Central Committee on United Study satisfaction? A particularly encour- of Foreign Missions. aging sign in the Far East is the THE NEXT STEP growing literacy of women. There By CORNELIUS H. PATTON, D. D., are many opportunities now to reach the mothers in tqe homes by means Boston, Mass. of books, magazines, and leaflets.

Four considerations point to the Where this is impossible, Bible wo- ·expansion of the literature movement men and teachers can read good lit- as the next step in missionary strat- erature to eager groups of listeners egy. in the bazaar, the harem, and the 1. The world is awake and eager home.

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

4. Back of all these conditions is in the matter of meeting this new de- the ineradii:able respect of the Orien- mand. That attractive little maga- tal for a book. In lands like China, zine for the children of ·China en- Arabia, and Turkey, a book is an titled "Happy Childhood," which has almost sacred object. The common come into being under the stimulus people have a respect for the printed of the Committee on Literature o'

page which finds no parallel in the the Federation of Woman's Boards, western world. The mere fact that is a happy augury of similar ventures a statement is made in prirrted form to be made in behalf of other Lands.

carries great weight with the Orien- It is proposed now that the Woman's tal mind. Boards shall help in the publication It is the consensus of the best mis- of a weekly newspaper for the wo- sionary opinion that the pushing of men of Japan. One of the most en- our literature department is a matter couraging events is the agreement of of the utmost urgency. The situa- the Woman's Literature Committee tion will brook no delay. We are to raise $1000 to cover the item in much farther behind in this line of the Literature budget for women and effort than in any other. In fact children drawn up by the Literature every other department, most of all Council of China.

evangelism, is being held back for Through such ventures as these it lack of adequate literature. is demonstrated that we are working It is also a matter of common con- along right lines in this effort. May sent that by far the larger part of I urge that the Woman's Boards our Christian literature should be should consider most earnestly in- produced on the cooperative basis. creasing their appropriations in order There will always be a demand for to meet the above responsibilities and denominational and board publica- that we may take advantage of the tions, but it is safe to say that fully unprecedented opportunity of our three-quarters of the literary output times?

may be produced more economically In my opinion this is clearly the and effectively through union agen- next step for us to take.

cies.

Fortunately during the years of the HELPING THE CHILDREN war the Boards have been organiz- An Address by ing union literature committees in MRS. DONALD MACGILLIVRAY, Shang- Japan, Korea, China, Moslem Lands, and Latin America. The union or- hai, China ganization exists ready to our hand. In all these areas careful surveys Train up a child in the way he .should have been made so that we are in go and when he i.s old he wilt not depossession of data as a basis for poli- part from it.

And Jeous called a little child unto him and set him in the midst of them.

cies covering the whole range of lit- .In non-Christian lands the value erature. In the surveys special at- and importance of the child has not tention has been paid to the reach- yet been grasped. I fear that even in ing of the women and the children our missionary work we have not put through attractive picture books, the child in the midst. And yet if we story leaflets, magazines, and treatises are to capture these lands for the on domestic economy and the care of King of kings, we must have the chil- children, as well as by means of dren. Judging by the wealth of works dealing with the devotional literature published in America for life and the building of character. children and young people, the child May I express the satisfaction felt specialists must consider it a very by many who are interested in this important part of the child's life.

line of effort over the enterprise and At Christmas time in Toronto I was promptness of the Women's Boards struck as never before by the wealth

of literature prepared for children. the New Testament at least. Let us Several times I stood outside the prepare and distribute books teaching shop windows and gazed, then went the child truth, love, kindness and inside and gazed, and handled. the good-will. Then the world of the beautiful, attractive literature for our future will be safe fo'r democracy. children. Books for the tiny tots, We were told yesterday that a transbooks for young boys and girls, lator occupied a throne of power. books for the young people, who, I fear we have not been very quick to occupy those thrones. Standing with reluctant feet, Where the brook and river meet, For the Chinese child under ten years of age, we have almost no need no such guiding, books of poe- special literature prepared and pubtry, adventure, and travel. Authors, lished by the Christian Church. artists, and publishers all seem to combine to make the path of litera- We have also sadly neglected the ture a flowery one for our children, boy of teen age, with his many deand rightly it should be so. But sires waiting to be guided and inas I gazed and handled, I felt some- spired. what like the Psalmist, "My heart was hot within me; while I was mus- Before leaving China I obtained ing the fire kindled," and I thotlght the following figures from the China Continuation Com mit tee. (You of China and her millions of children, know, in China the "C. C. C." is the authority. We expect them to know of· India and Africa, and of the poor, everything and to tell us the truth, pitiful, little efforts we have made to especially in statistics.) In China supply the needs of childhood in we have one hundred millions of these lands. We have been thinking children under ten years of age, and of the man and forgetting the father another one hundred million under of the man. We have not put the twenty years of age. I have heard it child in the midst. Literature for stated that the population of China men is important, for women even doubles itself in eighty years. Here more so, for children most important. then is the real yellow peril if one exists. We talk much of making the world safe for democracy, whatever that Does it stagger us? It should not. phrase may mean. The boy of today The Good Shepherd said, "Feed My will be the man in ten or fifteen lambs." He also said, "Whatsoever years' time; the girl of today will be ye shall ask the Father in My name the mother in ten or fifteen years' He will give it to you." Surely, that time. It is a difficult task to alter promise is equal to any task. the finished product, especially when that finished product is a man. It is estimated we have 60,000 girls in our mission schools in China, also Why is it the -doors are open in a large number of girls in the Gov- China and other non-Christian lands? ernment schools, and a still larger There are doubtless many reasons, number of boys in mission and nonbut one obvious reason is that these mission schools. We have also 500,- lands are now dotted over with grad- 000 children under religious instrucuates from our mission schools, who tion every Sunday in China. I have are leaders of public opinion. If we hellrd many teachers in China behad paid still more attention to the moan the fact that the young people child and his needs in the past, per- are not acquiring the reading habit. haps there would have been no need Why? – Because they have so little to have discussed how to promote suitable reading matter. We have internationalism. thought much, and rightly so, of es- tablishing mission schools for the We hear of the value of the Bible children, but we have not thought and Christian literature in our work. enough of the desires and longings Let us see that every child in non- Christian lands possess a copy of

that are being born in the child's "Tell me who i~ this Jesus of wnom mind as he or she passes through the this paper speaks so often." Then, schools. like Philip, the apostle of old, she sat Thanks to the Committee on Chris- down and preached unto her Jesus. tian Literature for Women and Another official in Peking, ordering Children, wt: have a children's maga- the magazine for his family, wrote: zine in China. it had its birth dur- "The paper is a light for the children ing the war, but has nevertheless of China." reached a subscription list of 4,000 copies per month. When we think of We want to enlarge this magazine the number of children in China, we so as to meet the wide opportunities feel like exclaiming, "What is that awaiting it, and we also need help in among so many ?" We believe, how- distributing it. The extreme poverty ever, that each magazine has large of the people makes it difficult often audiences. It goes into all denomina- for them to buy it. If the children tions, to all parts of China; also it cannot afford to buy it we ought to finds its way into Burma, the Malay give it to them. States, and to Chinese in Canada and America. Let me quote from one or Yes, we need more literature for two letters from missionaries. From the Chinese child, and the Indian Kiangyin :' "I find it a valuable paper child, and the Korean child. We need to put "the child in the midst" for the young people"; from. Man- -realize his value as did the Savchuria, "We all enjoy the magazine iour-study his needs and then supimmensely, it supplies a long-felt ply them. We dare not put the chil~ want. All of us who work among dren into our mission schools, make the children are specially 'grateful"; them hungry, and then leave them. from Shanghai, "Not only to scholars in day and Sunday school does it A Chinese young woman, writing come as a delight and a much-coveted to me some weeks ago, sai~: possession, but also to the pastors and teachers and church members-all Our young people la,ck high ideals and love the paper." large visions. If they possess high ideals and large visions they will be more use- Reading broadens the outlook, en- ful to society and far more beneficial to lists the sympathy of the Eastern future generations. We want books for child, as it does that of our own chil- our young women, books for our children, dren. picture books for our little ones.

We also have a competition page Do you know how many picture in our magazine, in which the chil- books we have published by the misdren take great delight. A Band of sion presses in China for the little Kindness pledge has also proved very ones? I know of just one-not very popUlar, and many hundreds of Chi- attractive-but it has had a large nese children have signed this pledge sale-lOO,OOO,OOO children and one from all over China. Letters to the picture book! The mothers and editor from the children are often teachers in China do not need to received, showing the real interest the spend much time in turning over children take. I need hardly say that books trying to decide' which book books are one of the most valuable they will buy. I claim that books are evangelistic agents we have on the necessary for our children in nonmission field. A lady missionary was Christian lands, also that we have not visiting and teaching in the home of put this subject in the place it dethe late Yuan Shi Kai. She left a serves. We need more books, we copy of the children's magazine with need help for distributing the books. the ladies several times on her visits. One day one of the young wives of I plead for the child in China, in the palace called her aside and said: India, in Africa, in Korea, in Japan, that in our budgets, our confer- ences, our plans, we may place the child where the Saviour did-"in the midst."

fROM l1rANY

AFRICA countless government bulletins on New Ideals in Barot8e-Dand "Care of Infants," laws regulating child labor, etc. With all these helps BAROTSE-LAND Mission, Rho- infantile paralysis and other chil- . desia, under the care of the Paris dren's dise<rses are still a menace. Evangelical Society, has been se- In Egypt, however, a land of intense verely tested during the four and a heat, fiies, filth and ignorance, it is half years of war. No contributions small vronder that all manner of reached it from Belgium, Alsace or children's ailments are prevalent. Northern France, and nineteen work- , Mothers need to be taught that yearers were lost to the staff, either old babies cannot thrive on waterthrough illness, death or the call to melon and cucumbers. Eye diseases military service. Notwithstanding are common because of infected dust, these handicaps, ten new out-stations, so that few, even of the well-cared with schools, have been organized. for American babies escape entirely. The social and moral level of the If the appalling death rate among locality has risen very perceptibly. Egyptian babies is to be checked, The native chiefs have mapped out there must be a campaign of educaprogrammes of reform in marriage, tion for Egyptian mothers. This is education and temperance, and while one reason why the Nile Mission not always carried out by their pro- Press is starting a magazine for moters, the plans mark a new level Egyptian mothers. of aspiration. At a recent baptismal service the king addressed the people Communion Sunday in Elat A in an admirable manner, reminding LTHOUGH seven churches have grown out of the original church them that their task was not completed because they had been bap- at Elat, West Africa, the membertized, but that it was only begun, for ship of the present church is still temptations would assail them. over 4,000. The communion service Scriptures lor Africa is so large as to be almost unwieldy. Rev. W. C. Johnstone reports that THE British and Foreign Bible So- at the last communion service he ciety has published some part of baptized fifty-five babies and 225 the Scriptures in one hundred and adults. More than 300 were ex- thirty-seven African languages. These amined for membership. This is include the complete Bible in twenty- "just an average service in Elat!

two languages, and the complete New Testament in thirty-one more lan- Orume, an African Convert P guages. In the continent as a whole ERHAPS this little African boy understood as much theology as about eight hundred recognized languages are spoken, according to the Samuel did when he prayed the estimate of W. J. W. Roome, secre- prayer that influenced all his after tary of the Society for British East life: "Speak, Lord, for Thy servant Africa. heareth."

Orume, seven years old, is the son of an African chief, and was given Chnd Welfare Work for Egypt AMERICA has many forms of by his father to a missionary as a child welfare work, including present. He has been the subject of visiting nurses for the city slums, much prayer and training. Small bureaus of instruction for mothers, wonder then that he has made prog- laws guarding against infected milk, ress. One day he sought out the 464

19191 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

missionary's wife to tell her that he walked 400 miles, bearing letters wished to follow Jesus. "What is from Dr. Moffat, and asked to be following Jesus?" "Doing only what put to work for Christ. Mr. Bailey pleases Him," said Orume. "But was obliged to tell them there was suppose you find it hard sometimes, no money for their support, but afwhat then?" "The Holy Spirit will ter praying over the matter, he sughelp me let sin alone," was the reply. gested that they go to three diff",rent "Do you know what sin is, Orume?" localities where chiefs had asked for "Oh, yes, doing things that make the teachers and promised to provide Lord's heart sore." them with food. Bravely they went. In 1916 Mr. Bailey completell the Orume's influence promises to be translation of the Gospel of John, very great as he grows up. which the Mbunda, Nkangala and Yauma can all understand. Casting in her All Six hundred miles stretch between AN old black heathen w:oman lay this lonely worker and the Atlantic in a hut so filthy that when the Coast of Africa, and not a missionmissionary went to see her she could ary in that distance. The American scarcely believe it contained a human Board station at Bihe is four hunbeing. The doorway was so low a dred miles northwest and other misdog could not enter without having sions are a two weeks' journey to the his back scraped. She was ill in south and east. body, but more ill in soul. "I asked you to come," she said, "because NORTH AMERICA your God answers prayer." After a few visits from the missionary and A Programme of Americanization the evangelist, light began to break, the Light that gives Life. She be- AN Inter-Racial Council has been came a new creature in spirit, though formed for the welfare of immirapidly nearing the close of her grants coming to our shores. Three earthly life. The last visit found her lines of work will be undertaken: fumbling with the filthy rag wound education in the English language about her head, fI:.om which she and the ideals and principles of finally extracted a shilling, and hand- America; industrial co-operation by ing it to the evangelist she said: "Go which the immigrant will be made to and give that to the missionary and feel at home and will be brought on tell him it is a thank-offering for the better terms with his employer; varjoy of salvation." ious groups will be brought into association with each other so that Angola and the South Africa General race jealousies may be lessened and devotion to America take its place i,1 Mission every life.

I N 1853, Livingstone passed through United Presbyterian. Portuguese West Africa; thirtyone years later F. S. Arnot passed Russian Orthodox Church Reorganized through and promised to send a missionary. Twenty-eight years after BEFORE the Revolution in Russia, that (in 1912) Rev. A. W. Bailey, the Russian Orthodox churches of the South Africa General Mission, in the United States were under the visited the Luchase country and direct control of the central authority found it still untouched with the in Petrograd. Since the Revolution Gospel. In July, 1914, he began the it has been a serious question just building of a small stick-and-c1ay what the Russian churches here were house of worship, and for the past to do. A solution of the problem five years has taught the Gospel in was reached Feb. 28 in a meeting that heathen center. In 1915 three in Cleveland, Ohio, of the representanative Christian men and their wives tives of more than two hundred Rlls- sian parishes who united to form an

organization under the above title. It the city, were sufficient to furnish was participated in by representatives twenty grains of these drugs daily of the Roumanian, Bulgarian, Alban- to 2,000 persons. Figuring the norian, Serbian and Syrian peoples whQ mal medicinal dose at one-sixth to are in communion with the Rus- one-fourth grain daily, the commissian branch of the Greek Orthodox sioner estimated that these sales Church. would supply 40,000 persons had it been administered medicinally, which Almosl all these churches are would seem to indicate that a large located in great industrial centers, proportion of the sales in the thirtyand exert an immeasurable influence three stores mentioned was m~. de to over a large portion of our foreign addicts. The New York City Compopulation. missioner of Correction, Dr. fames A. Hamilton, emphasizes the fact Congregationalist and Advance. that the drug habit is not confined to the poor, but extends to all strata A Jewish MissIon (Jonference of society. "It is an increasing men- ace to society," says Dr. Hamilton, THE Chicago Hebrew Mission has "and if allowed to continue un- arranged to hold its Annual checked, will ruin not only the in- Conference on behalf of Israel, al dividual but the nation as well." the Moody Bible Institute, Chicago May 20th to 23rd inclusive. Friend~ The Lutheran "Inner Missions" of Israel, who discern the signs oj the times, are asked to pray that THE Lutheran Church in America this Conference may be greatly is large. and powerful. Most blessed of God. For further infor- Christian people know more of their mation write Supt. 'Norman H. foreign work than of the work in the Camp, 1505 So. Sawyer Ave., Chi- United States. The term "Inner cago, Ill. Missions" is not generally familiar to those of other denominations. During January and February, the The idea of "inner missions" is to Chicago Hebrew Mission has con- re-establish the primitive ideal of ducted a systematic house to house Christianity, so that loving service distribution of tracts in three large to a needy will becomes the manifest Jewish districts of Chicago. One sign, wherever there is a Christian. tract in' English and one in Yid- The ideal is to have the entire memdish were left in each home, and bership of the Church in active servduring the two months a total of 86,- ice. 526 tracts were given out, in this way evangelizing approximately 200,000 The aim is to bring all men to people. The workers are now re-vis- Christ and the primary method is by iting this same territory with Bibles, the direct personal work of each Testaments and Gospels. Christian in ministering to the physi- cal, mental and spirituaJ needs of all Increase in Sale of Habit-Forming who are in want. The secondary method is by institutions to care for Drugs the homeless, the sick, the aged, the orphaned, and the needy of all THE Health Commissioner of New classes, and for the special training York City has been gathering of those engaged in such work. The information as to drug addicts, and care of the mind and body are subreports that in the month of Janu- ordinated to the care of the soul. ary last more cocaine was sold to And so the "Inner Mission" ,differs wholesalers in New York City than from Social Service. in all of 1918, and the February demand was so great that manufac- Lutheran home missions are conturers had to restrict their sales. ducted under a separate Board that The legal sales of morphine, cocaine and heroin in December, in thirtythree of the 2,600 drug stores in

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

has for the immediate and ultimate years ago, "consists of about one aim the establishment of self-sup- hundred citizens who are actively porting churches, The Inner Mis- interested in the promotion of sion endeavor is a helper to the home moral and religious education in the missionary enterprise in compassing city of Malden." this aim. The school is interdenominational, The Inner Mission institutions of and by means of the hearty cooperthe Lutheran Ghurch comprise 64 ation of local talent with some of orphan's homes, 48 homes for the the faculty of Boston University a aged, 7 homes for defectives, 9 comprehensive curriculum has been deaconness' mother-houses, 50 hos- submitted for the following year, conpitals, 14 hospices, 9 immigrant and sisting of sixteen courses in all, dealseamen's missions, 11 miscellaNeous ing with Biblical, pedagogical, and institutions, and 13 Inner Mission social-service topics. The expenses societies and city missions; making are provided by far-sighted citizens, a total of 225 institutions and mis- and a small tuition fee of two dolsions with property worth over $14,- lars a semester. The. effectiveness 000,000, and an. endowment of nearly of this plan depends on the courses $2,000,000. During the past year and the teachers. There is danger about 100,000 persons were cared for that the teaching may omit the vital in these institutions. Christian truth.

ASoul TImber in United States Forests Fighting MormoniSlD on its own Ground N interesting proposition has re- cently come before the Presby- A RECENT issue of the Rsvn;:w terian Board of Home Missions. mentioned the dedication of the It is the proposal that" there should first Mormon church building to be be sent at least fifty industrial chap- erected in Brooklyn, New York, lains for the lumbermen of the one of the 335 propaganda centers Northwest. These chaplains would of the Latter Day Saints scattered have the same function in the in- over the country. Neutralizing dustrial army that the regular army agencies are not lacking, and one of chaplains have. They could be the these is the Utah Gospel Mission, connecting link between employer and employee, having access equally carried on by Rev. J. D. Nutting, to both, deal with all problems affecting the welfare of the men and, who resembles Mormon preachers in of course, be directly charged with so far as he accepts no salary. their religious oversight. In Washington, Oregon and Idaho at least Mr. Nutting proceeds on the theory 150,000 lumbermen are at work, and that only a traveling mission can probably 600,000 in the United reach the people of the outlying re- States as a whole. The missionary gions, and the work is therefore carproblem in this field calls for states- ried on by field missionaries who manship and thorough-going meas- cover the country in wagons not unures. like the old-time "prairie schooners." Evangelistic meetings are held in Organized Religious Education every settlement, ~upplemented. by personal visits to each home, where AN interesting community scheme the aim is to stimulate the daily use seems to have passed the experi- of the Bible, a copy of which is supmental stage, and bids fair to be fol- plied by the missionary. Through lowed elsewhere. The Malden personal interviews of this sort and (Massachusetts) Council of Reli- by means of anti-Mormon literature, gious Education, organized three the mission combats the Mormon propaganda in its own territory. In a single year no less than 14,000 calls

are made, 194 meetings held and "The Society of Independent Douk- 4,000 Bibles distributed. hobors, having learned of the mag- nificent and most praiseworthy re- Congregationalist and Advance. lief work conducted in Russia by the Society of Friends through your Negro Citizens In America Committee, does hereby with due humility enclose the sum of $1,264.50 FIFTY years ago only five per cent as a token of its appreciation of the of the Negroes could read and efforts of, and its willingness to co- operate with, this Society." write. Today seventy per cent are literate. Fifty years ago there were LATIN AMEIUCA but four colleges that admitted Ne- groes. Today there are 500 higher Cooperation In Seminaries institutions of learning in which the Negro is welcomed. Twenty millions UNION Theological Seminaries of dollars are invested in these are in prospect for Cuba, Porto schools, and an annual expenditure Rico, Chile and Brazil. Such a sem- of $13,600,000 is made for their up- inary is already in operation in keep and maintenance. Of this Mexico. The lack of a sufficient amount the Negroes raise $1,500,000. number of students in anyone de- Fifty years ago there were no public nomination to support a seminary, as schools for Negro children. Today well as the inability of any denomina- there are 1,750,000 colored boys and tion to supply enough teachers for girls in the public schools. Fifty a faculty, make the union seminary years ago there were 550 Negro the most practical and obvious form churches with about 55,000 com- of interdenominational cooperation. municants and church property to The one being organized in Brazil is the value of approximately $1,000,- to be maintained by Presbyterians, 000. Today there are 40,000 both North and South; Congrega- churches, with more than 4,000,000 tionalists, and Methodists. communicants, and with property valued at about $70,000,000. These Central America is also to exper- churches are raising annually about ience the results of cooperation. $200,000 for home missions and Methodists, Baptists and Presbyter- more than $100,000 for foreign mis- ians have divided the responsibility sions. for the six republics, including Pan- ama. Home Mission schools have been the key to this upward progress. Porto lUc~-a Mission Laboratory Sunday School Times. THE United States Government and missionaries have been at Doukhobor Help for Russia work in Porto Rico twenty years, THE Doukhobors in Canada have and great things have been accom- plished. " furnished an example of Christian good will at work, which is Everywhere schools have sprung worthy of notice. They have offered up, and they now have nearly 200,- to give large tracts of their land to 000 pupils. Both Spanish and Eng- returned soldiers, who are unable to lish are used in these schools. Many find work in cities; and in many cases of the pupils have already become the women' have volunteered to work teachers or have entered important in the fields in order to make up the professional work. Porto Ricans loss in the family income through have attained self-government, and this turning over the land. The the first vote taken was on prohibi- Doukhobors, being a non-resistant tion. They proved their far-seeing sect, have been interested in the work wisdom by giving an overwhelming of the Friends Service Committee, majority in favor of the measure. and have sent the following letter to the Russian section of the Committee: Best of all, the United States has

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

established freedom of religion. five different schools sent represent- Protestantism has already gained atives. Rev. George P. Howard, 15,000 members, representing a very Field Secretary for South America, large number of families, and exert- writes of Sunday-school equipment ing an influence disproportionately as follows: great. Medical missions, Christian "I found that there were no prop- education, and evangelism have gone erly organized kindergartJ!11 classes hand in hand. in any of the Sao Paulo Sunday- The American MissiotUlry. schools.. In none of their schools had they ever used a sand table, so I Pagan Argentina made up my mind that they would REV. J. L. HART, missionary to have a demonstration of how it was Argentina, was one day talking done. We got a table and sand, also a with some cultured women about the class of little children, and in one of Bible. "Oh," said one, "I once had the Presbyterian churches we had a that Book. It is of the devil for it kindergarten institute. There and then made my husband's horse run away, ten different Sunday-schools gave me throwing him out of the buggy and orders for the Beginners' Spanish nearly killing hiin. I at once burned Graded lessons which we have been producing in provisional form in Arit."- "Well," said Mr. Hart, "that is gentina. Naturally, in Brazil they very interesting. How did it hap- need this material in Portuguese, but rather than wait until they were pub~ pen?" In reply she said, "The day after lished in their own language they the accident I went to confession preferred to begin immediately, workand on telling the priest what had ing out the lessons from the Spanish happened he asked me if I had not text."

bought a book called the Bible from a man who had been going from War's Effect on Ch:Ilean Missions T house to house selling them a few HE Chile mission of the Presby- terian Church, U. S. A., has four days before. I told him that I had. He said the book caused the acci- principal stations-at Santiago, Val- 'paraiso, Taltal and Concepcion. The dent and advised me to burn it." A man bought a Bible while sick working force consists of twentyin the hospital. I went to see him three American missionaries, men and was trying to explain what the and women; and sixty helpers, com- Book was. A nun came along and prising ordained Chileans, teachers, on seeing the Bible flew into a rage Bible women, etc. In the sixteen and cried out, "Don't read that here- organized churches and thirty-five tical book. It speaks against the preaching places there is a -communiholy virgin." Said Mr. Hart, "You cant membership of 1,023. Sundayare quite mistaken." Opening the school pupils riumber 2,637, and the. Bible at the first chapter of Luke he pupils in day-schools of all gradeSc asked her to read. She did so, and are 1,083.

with some embarrassment, said, "Oh, This thriving mission feels keenly I thought it was the Protestant the changed financial conditions due- Bible." Then turning to him who had to the war. The .Chilean peso, for- bought the Book she said, "It is all merly worth sixteen cents, American right, you may read it." gold, is now worth thirty-six cents; Home and Foreign Fields. but the man who formerly received'

1,100 pesos as his monthly wage, now Sunday Schools in Brazil receives 450. At the same time prices THE Sunday School Association have not decreased, but have re- of Brazil held its annual conven- mained the same for local products,. tionat Sao Paulo, to which thirty- while the prices of all imported ar..,

tides has mcreased 25, 50, 100 and until, at last, the pureness of it, his even 200 per cent. bearing as a citizen and a father, and the heartiness with which he con- Many of the congregations for ducted family worship, ended by imlack of money cannot dress as de- pressing upon me that 1 ought to conceRtiy as formerly, and have ceased fess the Chtistian faith. This 1 ::tid to appear at the services. The poor- one night before all the family, in the est Chilean boy could not be per- midst of thanksgiving to God. suaded to come to the Sunday-school bare-foot, nor a girl who could Rot "Only the evangelical religion has muster what she considered a fitting power enougb. to inspire men with a headdress for her station. Some are love for work, a life of faith, acts of sufficiently sensible to come bare- honor, fufilment of duty, respect for headed, but they are few. laws and, alilove all, with the virtue of sacrificing self for an ideal, a The New Era. virtue so much needed in Peru."

A WIde Open Door South America.

THE administration of the Uni- EllROPE versity of Montevideo, Uruguay, the leading University of South All American Opportunity in Eur6pe America,is reported to have issued a decree making Bible study part of the I N the French Colonies there are regular curriculum. Senor Vigil, di- 50,000,000 inhabitants who are still rector of a review with a weekly wa,iting for the Gospel. And in circulation of 100,000, frequently France alone there are 20,000,000 to urges the public to buy Gospels or 25,000,000 people who are not affili- New Testaments. ated with a,ny church, but, after four years of war, are open-minded and Conversion or a Peruvian responsive to religilm.

THE following extracts are taken The door is wide open.but as the from the story of a Peruvian's Protestant missionary societies of conversion to eVaFlgelical Christianity: Great Britain and America are not in a position to occupy these fields, the "Having been cradled in the Ro- work can be done most effectively man tatholic faith, which is man's through French societies. religion and not Christ's, .1 was in the nature of things enshrouded in During the war the French misthe darkness of fanaticism, indiffer- sionary societies were sustained by ent to the most important, practically special gifts, Itut their financial conan atheist; for no one believes less in dition is now so seriously crippled God than the Roman Catholic. that the work cannot be carried on without outside support. To meet "One day, by chance, 1 heard a this need, there has been formed an Gospel sermon,. in Echaurren Square, international and interdenominational itt Valparaiso, preached in such a Committee for Christian Relief in manner and upon such real, living France and Belgium," with headquartopics, that 1 was deeply stirred. ters at 289 Fourth Avenue, New Later I went to the town of Ayaviri, York, which is supporting and cowhere 1 met a Christian of the most operating with every Protestant orkmdly simplicity of character, and ganization in France and Belgium. soon became persuaded that one does The director is Mr. George O. Tamnot always find the truth he is in blyn, the treasurer, Mr. Alfred R. search of in heated debates, but often Kimball. Mr. Charles S. Ward, of in the gentle form of a sincere con- the Red Cross, United War Work versation. So it was our talks usually and other national fund campaigns is turned to religion, but more than all advisor. else, Senor Sartagena's life at close sight was a constant sermon to me, The Committee has mapped out a program of work that prevents over-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

lapping or duplicating the efforts of the laundries of Madrid. Women other bodies in the work of rehabili- bring their household washing to tation and reconstructi@n. Protestant these places on Sundays as on other churches in the devastated areas must days. While they work, the evan- be rebuilt, congregations reassembled gelists read and explain to them such and temporarily succored, pastors parables as that of the Prodigal Son.

must be supported for a time, homes, The women have been so interested orphanages and asylums must be con- and delighted with their religious in- structed, and both home and foreign struction that they have attempted missions must be supported and to give money to the evangelists.

strengthened. Chaplain Daniel Couve which of course has been refused.

has pointed out that the industrial "No one ever told us such good news fJopulations of Northern France have before," they say. .

been exceedingly responsive to evan- Record of Christian Wark.

gelical efforts among them, and that the present offers a rare opportunity. The MiiUer Orphanages at Brfstol After a careful survey the Com- I N spite of the war, the work mittee announces that $3,000,000 is founded by the late George Miilneeded to accomplish tkis great work, ler of Bristol, England, 82 years and a campaign to raise this sum has ago, has been even more generously been started among the Protestant supported than in past years. It is churches of the United States. As a "faith work" for whick no dipart of the money-raising campaign, rect appeals are made. Last year there were 2,000 orphans cared for Sunday, June 1, has been named Me- in the Ashley Down Homes, rangmorial Day for France and Belgium ing from four to sixteen years of in the Protestant churches of this age, and the total amount received country, and appeals have gone forth to pastors to take special collections for all the work was £17,000 or for the cr' ie. nearly £3,000 more than the previous year. The Homes are conducted on Another Door of Opportunity a non-sectarian but a strictly Chris- A DELEGATION of Georgians. tian basis. No children of legitimate which went to Paris to present birth, mentally sound, in destitute their claims for recognition and pro- circumstances and bereft of both tection at the hands of the Peace parents, are refused admission. Conference, heard of Dr. James L. In addition to the orphanages Barton's presence in the city' and there are conducted Bible, tract and sought an interview with him to ask missionary enterprises at home and that missionary work be undertaken. abroad. All of the work has been in their country. The Georgians in- richly blessed under the direction of habit the country east of the Black Wm. M. Bergin the director. The Sea and have their capital at Tiflis. faithfulness of God has been abun- They number about three million dantly manifested. and are nominally Christian, but in reality, wild, superstitious, half pagan. Protestants in Alsace-Lorrafne Their spokesmen in Paris were DR. RUBEN SAILLENS says deeply in earnest, saying they had that Alsace-Lorraine will bring watched American missionary effort over to France a Protestant populain Turkey and Armenia, and would tion of about 500,000 people-pracdo all in their power to facilitate such tically as many as there are now work among their own people. in France. This means, as Dr: Sail- The "Good News" for Spanish Women lens adds, that there will in all prob- TWO Spanish evangelists have ability soon be open doors for a been teaching and preaching in French evangelist in that country.

MOSLEM LANDS grounds have been occupied by the Turks as a military hospital and Tnrkish Governor Hung for Armenian orphanage; student income has been reduced to nothing; eight of the Massacres teachers, all Armenians, were killed and three more are dead, while four- 17EMAL BEY, governor of Diar-. teen others have been in military :… bker, has been publicly hanged service. The endowment of $130,- in Stamboul, as one of those re- 000 is still intact, and there is every sponsible for Armenian deportations reason to expect a large attendance and massacres in the Yozghad dis- of students, Armenians, Greeks and trict. The trial by the Turks of Russians, as soon as the buildings those responsible for Armenian mas- can be made ready to receive them. sacres was begun in February at Constantinople. Kemal Bey was former Turkish Minister of Food.

Relief In the Oancasus The Old Order Ohanglng REV. WALTER N. JAMES, a SAID an old Mohammedan Sheikh member of the American Com- not long ago to the head of a mittee for Relief in the Near East, mission school for girls in Alexan- has sent the following report from dria: "We do not wish to have our Erivan: dau~hters stay in school very lang." A young Egyptian lad, who over- "I am surprised to find so many heard, quickly rejoined: "No, that is Armenians here south of the Cau- past. Our country can never be casus Mountains. The race is very great until our women are educated." far from becoming extinct and we Contact with western nations and find them here in all conditions. missionary homes has given many a They range f rom the Turkish sub- young Mohammedan a new ideal of ject, bearing the marks of that civili- companionship which only an eduzation,· to the Russianized Armenian cated wife can satisfy. Many Perwho snaps his finger at the Sultan. sian mothers of today speak of their daughters with pride, and are keenly "The refugees are in sorry plight, interested in their progress. The but their condition is mitigated 100 Moslem ladies of India are so much per cent by the efforts of the com- in earnest in their desire for admittee. .There are 3,000 people em- vancement that 400 of their leaders ployed by the Americans, not to met in Lahore last year to discuslS speak of the 16,000 orphans reached, their problems. Even among nonbesides others helped by direct char- Christians, the elements of Chrisity. Wool and cotton are bought tianity are manifesting their influand every process from the sheep's ence. back and field to the finished garment is carried on· by the refugees; France and Her Moslem Subjects carding, spinning, dyeing, weaving, tailoring, until clothi1}g is provided A STRIKING development of refor all and occupation for thousands cent times is seen in the in·· who would otherwise be beggars. creased intelligence and sympathy on Longfellow's 'Evangeline' is not one- the part of the French colonial adhundredth part sad ~nough to de- ministration in Africa. Governor scribe what one sees and feels each General Panty, who fell in the war, day. The great consolation is that created a tradition of keeping the so many are being helped." administrative authority in close touch with the people, giving each United Presbyterian. race its rightful opportunity of devel- opment. He was insistent upon AnatoUa OoUege after the War not allowing Moslem chiefs authority to Moslemize their pagan subjects. AN ATOLIA College, Mimovan, Turkey, is war-wrecked for the time being. All the buildings and

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

During his' governorship he abol- James M. Taylor in British Baluch- ished cannibalism, ritual murder, le- istan, the brother of the Khan of gal suicide, and that deep-rooted Ke1at, the largest native state in Moslem institution, domestic slavery. Baluchistan, sat near the speaker.

These reforms were not merely car- Next to him was one of the wealthi- ried through with characteristic force est wholesale merchants. Other men and efficiency, but they were effected of position and culture were present.

with the most scrupulous considera- The message so took hold of them tion for Af'rican prejudices and that they secured the largest hall in ideals. The impartial distribution of Quetta for Dr. Taylor's next meet- war allowances in Algeria has also ing. One Khan was so impressed done much to consolidate native loy- that he invited the speaker to come alty. The knowledge that the Mo- to his khanate and bring a mission- hammedan wife and widow receives ary with him for permanent work, her allowances on exactly the same offering to give of his means to for- terms as the Frenchwoman has done ward the mission. All this is the much to increase self-respect and more remarkable in that these people intensify the consciousness of suf- are bigoted Mohammedans. Noth- fering for a common cause. ing' of this sort has ever happened before in Baluchistan.

INDIA Record of Christian Work.

Christian Ethics of Non-Christians MANY in India, even though they Salvationists In India are not ready to accept Christ as Master, are ready to acknowledge THE Salvation Army in India had, His ethics as the only hope of social in 1909, 100 European workers salvation. The Indian Social Reform and 2,000 native missionaries in some Advocate, though making no profes- 2,000 villages. In 1918, the number sion of Christianity, had this to say had risen to 280 Europeans and 3,236 Indians at work in 3,059 centers. in a recent article: The Army has imported silkworm "Christ won for humanity by His eggs from China which have given life and His death a deathless ideal- good results in various parts of India. ism combined with mysticism, which has issued in real and practical ac- Its agents have visited some of the tivities in the world of men, transforming it . . . the· very opposite principal silk centers in China, Japan, of the world principle of domination Korea, Manchuria and French Tonof men by men, of exploitation of the quin, and from their investigations weak by the s.trong. . . . It is the are convinced that India could easily disregard of the principles of love become one of the great silk-produc- ing countries of the world. They are working towards a rehabilitation and truth in Christ that has turned of two of India's greatest cottage the world to-day into a huge slaugh- industries,-silk growing and weavter-house. And. . . in the inter- ing. course between man and man, and class and class, and nation and nation Christian Journalism in Western India M it will be the application of the prin- ORE and more, India is be- coming a reading country. Newsciples of Christ which alone can save, help, and advance mankind, and papers have mUltiplied during the bring peace where there is strife, and war, and a broadening interest in life and joy where there are death world affairs has developed among ana s.orrow." all classes. Probably there is no more influential missionary instru- ANew Order in Baluchistan mentality in Western India than the AT the first of a series of evan- Christian newspaper, Dnyanodaya, gelistic meetings held by Dr. which means "Dawn of Knowledge."

It was founded 77 years ago by nearly 1,400 boys on its roll. Rev. American Board missionaries, and al- C. E. Tyndale-Biscoe is the enterthough many other such· journals prising and original head of the have been started and passed into School. His one aim is to train his oblivion, this one has continued and boys to become strong, courageous enlarged its service. The paper has and healthy in body and soul, and it two pages in English and six in was from his observations of. the Marathi, the latter edited by Mr. N. working of this .High School that. Tilak, an eminent patriot and man of General Baden Powell derived his literary attainment. The paper has idea of the Boy Scouts. Last year just entered upon a new career, and both staff and pupils distinguished from January, 1919, five missions, themselves in social service, even prerepresenting four denominations- venting a local food famine, which English, Scotch and American-will profiteering bakers attempted to enunite in its support and control. gineer.

Christianity in a Hindu Setting Most Indian boys are averse to athl~tics, and seldom learn to swim NOT long before his death Mr. except under compulsion. Accord- Howard A. Walter had a long ingly, extra fees are charged to nontalk with a leading Indian Christian, swimmers. Another odd difference one who, more than. most Indian in Indian boys is revealed in one of Christians, is in touch with Moslem the School regulations: "In order to and Hindu leaders, political and stop early marriages, we charge otherwise. This man said he was double fees to every boy who marries constantly surprised to learn how before the age of eighteen." many of these men are admitting that the future of India, religiously, can- The School Crest consists of two not lie with the ancient Vedas, nor paddles, one heart shaped to symbolwith any phase or school of Hindu- ize kindness, the other strength; and ism; but that the one Figure in the crossed to signify· the sacrifice of religious world Who can possibly Him who taught self-sacrifice. serve as a unifying, uplifting, progressive, inspiring· force, around Bible Society Record. Whom all creeds and races can ultimately gather, is Jesus Christ. CHINA One of the men to whom this The Way Open in Tibet Indian Christian probably referredthe editor of The Indian Social Re- THE last obstacle in the way of former-told Mr. Walter that he and missionary entrance t6 Tibet has others of his friends read the New been removed. Officials are inviting Testament every day. He asserted missionaries to come, and the others his belief that the best in all religions put no hindrance in the way. It is to be found in the Christian faith is without doubt the most difficult which, he said, he and his friends field in the world. There will be must interpret in the light of Hindu months and years of unending study rather than of Jewish metaphysic; of an intricate language. There will and he volunteered the suggestion be the cold indifference of centuries that possibly India may evolve a new of passive Buddhism. There will be type of Christianity, possessing an the imbedded suspicion of all for- Oriental character. eigners. There will be the blighting influence of hundreds and thousands Boy SooufB in the Panjab of Buddhist priests. There will be the very instincts of the people them- THE C. M. S. High School at selves for religion, but a religion Srinagar, the capital of Kashmir, without a moral uplift and entirely is a remarkable institution, with without the idea of a divine Saviour. Tibet is a belated nation, without a railroad, without street cars or

NEWS FRO,M MANY LANDS 4~5

electricity, so far as is known even man. His name shall be fubliShed in the without an automobile. Mo good newspapers so that he wi! not be able to roads, no modern cities. Not a find employment elsewhere. church, nor a sCRool, nor a hospital except at Batang on the eastern bor- 3. If a wealthy man be discovered dealder. Everything that stands for ing in opium his name shall be given to progress is yet to be done in Tibet. the elder of his family with the request To those who go, there will be no that he be cast out from the family (one romance, but if they have faith and of the greatest of disgraces) and he shall, vision they can look forward to see- without mercy, be opposed by all as an ing within the next quarter of a cen- alien. tury a host of Christian churches, scattered throughout that land. 4. Landlords shall not rent their houses to opium dealers. If they do they will be Amurlcan "Cnrlos" dealt with as if they were opium dealers themselves. A TABLE set for dinner or a 5. If damage is done to opium dealers , baby's bed and bath scarcely seem and their properties the Chambers of Comlike keys .to the Gospel story, yet merce ,shall refuse to grant compensation. such things prove an effective means of reaching the hearts and minds of More about the Brewer. In ChIna Chinese women. All sorts of foreign articles are used in some mission THE International Reform Bureau station "exhibits," the Chinese wo- has received protests from pracman's native curiosity being made use tically all American mission stations of to bring her within sound of the in China, signed by missionaries and Gospel. native workeJ;s, asking that our De- partment of State proclaim a ruling As the women come in they are that no American shall make or sell welcomed with friendliness and cour- beer in China after national prohibitesy, little addresses are given as they tion goes into effect in the United rest, setting forth the gospel in the States. Through lectures and literasimplest way, the foreign curiosities ture, extensive efforts are also being are explained, invitations to Chris- made to arouse the provinces of tian worship are given out. So con- China, first to prohibit the erection tact is established, and a hope of fu- of breweries and distilleries; and ture opportunities of teaching. second to prohibit the making and selling of all intoxicants. Death to the Opium Syndicate A Valuable Donkey THE Chinese miRd has a direct- ness which merits emulation. In SOME years ago a ClIinese farmer order to insure discouragement of was confronted with the difficult any attempt to reopen the traffic in l'roblem of securing a donkey withopium, so ruggedly dealt with by out any funds. He had a number of the recent burning episode in Shang- children, but no money, and without hai, the following measures were de- the donkey's assistance in cultivating termined upon in the four provinces his bit of land, he could not feed his of Kiangsu, Kiangsi, Chekiang and children. After much seriousthought Hupeb, where it was proposed to re- he concluded that a donkey would commence the sale of opium: serve his purpose more effectively than anyone of his children; and 1. If the opium dealer be a shopkeeper therefore sold a son as a means of all the banks and money shops shall re- 'supporting the others. Not long fuse to have anything to do with him in afterward the son was rescued from money matters so that he will have to a life of slavery and placed in a misclose his shop for lack of funds and sionary institution, and quite recently banking iJacilities. a visiting missionary was addressing the student body of a large Chinese Z. If an employee of a shop deals in school through an interpreter. The opium the shopkeeper shall dismiss the accuracy and alertness of this inter- preter won the admiration of the

speaker and he inquired into the better foundation in Bible training- young man's history. He was none is invariably the result.

other than the boy who had been ex- changed for a donkey, grown into A Study in Church-Going T manhood and beginning a career of OO many American husbands. have to be coaxed by their wives usefulness in his community.

into church attendance, but here is a A Long Wait case where a wife could not drag her "RULLO! I have been waiting husband out of church. The incident twenty years to hear this," said is related by a missionary at Nanking, an old grey-bearded Chinaman to a China. For six years a Christian colporteur in Honan. convert in Gu Yung labored with his "Twenty years ago I bought this three brothers, all gamblers and idol- book," said he, pulling a well-worn ators. 'Finally one brother accepted copy of Dr. Griffith John's "Gate of Christianity, but his wife was infuri- Virtue and Wisdom" from the folds ated, rightly inferring that his con- of his garment, "and I have been version would end her life of lux- waiting ever since to know more .ury. She wept, coaxed and cursed.

about it." The speaker was 84 years Her husband continued to attend old, hale and hearty. He and the church services. At last she pursued colporteur were soon in earnest con- hi~ to the church door, seized him versation, and as he listened, light by the belt, screaming wildly that he came to the old man. He was bap- should not enter. Slipping out of the tized and for over two years endured belt, the undaunted husband took his the persecution of his eldest son, a place in the church, the wife rushing man over 60, whom the old man still after him shrieking curses. Two spoke of as "his little child." Last Bible women quieted her and later year he passed peacefully away, re- took her to dinner, when they ex- joicing in Christ Jesus as his Saviour. plained some of the meaning of Home and Foreign Field. Christianity. The happy ending to the story is that the woman gave her Sunday Rest in Chlna husband no further trouble and now I T is noteworthy that the observ- attends church with him. ance of the Sabbath as a day of New Era Magazine.

rest is gaining ground among the Chinese. Christian employers are "Sleeve Editions" of ChInese Bible Helps showing more willingness to make "SLEEVE editions" of Bible helps such arrangement as will relieve their in Chinese are being prepared workers from Sunday labor, and by Dr. Henry C. Hallock of Shang- the physical blessings of such a day hai. His new books-a brief diction- of rest are beginning to be apparent ary of the Chinese Bible, an abridged to all. Naturally, many difficulties concOrdance and a topical text book present themselves in an endeavor to -will not take the place of larger make Sunday rest applicable in all works, but are to be convenient little cases. Christian boatmen, for in- volumes, about the size of a small stance. cannot insist that those who New Testament, with soft cloth cov- hire their boats give up their jour- ers and printed on thin paper, which ney for a reason quite beyond their can be carried' easily on a journey, understanding, and the only recourse and which will be published at so is a change of occupation for the cheap a price that they will he ob- boatmen. Insistence upon the Fourth tainable by even the poorest. As the Commandment makes entrance to the Chinese use their large sleeves in Church more difficult, and some mis- place of pockets, they are called sionaries deal leniently with it; but "sleeve editions."

where adherence is made a test, a

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

.JAPAN-cIlOSEN all Christian activities-educational, medical, social and evangelistic. 'Creating an Atmosphere for Japanese Some Korean Tithers Visitors THE Haiju Tithing Society of Ko- A NUMBER of Japanese Com- rea is more spiritual than finan- cial, for the emphasis is laid upon , missions are visiting America the spiritual blessings accruing to the to study methods and conditions conscientious tither; A unique char- acteristic of this organization, is that along various lines. These alert visit- it collects no funds for distribution, but allows every man the priVilege of ·ors are .taking note of the forward using his tithe as under God's direc- tion he thinks best. Thus the giver's reconstruction movements in business, direct responsibility to God is im- planted in his thinking, and the soeducational and religious fields, and ciety steers clear of all controversy and eliminates all discussion of how upon their return will become propa- the society's funds are to be dis- tributed to best advantage. Every gandists of the best things they have prominent man, every paid worker seen. American Sunday-school lead- and every leader is in this organiza- tion. ers have not been neglecting this Korea Mission Field. o()pportunity, and have seen to it that ISLANDS OF THE SEA the visitors have come into contact Bibles and Soldiers with Christian business men in each THE Bible in Polynesia is a faccity visited. They have been shown tor in the security and freedom of the world. In a New Zealand the best things in civic life, and paper appeared an account of a parade of Rarotongan troops: Christian homes have been opened "Steadily they marched, in perfect to them. ' step, heads up, knee to knee, and with arms swung in regulation style. Two members of the House of "A sturdy lot, well fed, well Peers have been among these visitors, trained, and well looked after, proud of their uniform, proud of their o()ne of them being Baron Megota and officers, and trebly proud of the servthe other Mr. K. Uchida. Both are ice to which they belong, they seem keenly interested in promoting the to epitomise the influence of ¢e grand old army. World Sunday School Convention "As they jauntily tramp past we in Japan in 1920. notice that each dusky hand clasps, not the accustomed rifle, but a book. Japan and Democracy It is their Bible, for this is church parade." D R. Sherwood Eddy is half way on a journey around the world, It is not the chief end of mission~ holding meetings for students in ary societies to make good soldiers, Japan, China, India and other lands. but when the Bible-trained Rarotong- This affords an excellent opportunity ans were called to help make nations for observing conditions which are free, it was found they were better the outcome of the war in those soldiers than some others, because lands. Japan, says Dr. Eddy, has they were better men. had a development parallel to that of Prussia. Both were expanding nations, both were organized under militarism and upon materialism. But the failure, of German militarism has pointed out the certain failure of Japanese autocratic rule, if persistently maintained; and the increasing liberty of press and speech in Japan proclaims an advance toward democracy. "If America, to which the eyes of the Japanese are turned, can live up to the ideals of brotherhood which she professes. the issue will be decided for democracy and Christianity," writes Dr. Eddy. The great need is for a strengthening of

OBITUARY NOTES education and social betterment. But he was above all a messenger of the Bishop Bashford of Cbina Gospel of Christ.

BISHOP JAMESW.BASHFORD The people of Rabat and the tribes died at a sanitarium near Los for many miles around feel that they Angeles on March 18. Bishop Bash- have lost a beloved friend and minisford was ordained to the Methodist ter by the death of Dr. Kerr. The Episcopal ministry in 1878 and served Khalifa of Rabat wrote of his deep as pastor in various churches until grief over the loss of "our pre- 1889, when he was chosen President cious doctor." Dr. Kerr's son, who is of the Ohio Wesleyan University. also a p.hysician, expects when his Since 1906 Bishop Bashford has war work is completed, to take up been actively engaged in missionary his father's mission. work in China. William Albert Briggs of Slam Rev. W. P. Sprague or ChIna ON February 24, William Albert REV. WILLIAM P. SPRAGUE Briggs, M. D., an honored and of Kalgan, China, died on Feb- efficient missionary of the Presbyruary 9, 1919, at Shortsville, New terian Church and founder of the York. Dr. Sprague went to China Overbrook Hospital at Chiengrai, in 1874, as a missionary of the Amer- Siam, died in the General Hospital ican Board to the Mongols. From of Vancouver, B. C. Dr. Briggs was that work he was transferred to a native of Canada, having been born China, and served a period of in Toronto, March 1, 1867, a son of thirty-five years in helping to extend Dr. William Briggs, the publisher. the Kingdom of God on both sides He retained his British citizenship, of the Great Wall. although his medical training was re- ceived in New York. He was ap- Dr. Robert Kerr or )l01'OlCC0 pointed a foreign missionary under the Presbyterian Board in 1890 and FOR thirty years Robert Kerr assigned to Laos, northern Siam; lived in Morocco as a missionary and in 1897 was commissioned to physician, healing the siq.: and preach- break new ground at Chiengrai, ing the Kingdom of God. When he went to Robat, there was not one characterized by Dr. Arthur J. Christian missionary in central or southern Morocco. Me lived a busy Brown as "one of the most isolated life and healed over 2,000 sufferers stations in the world." The small in the course of his ministry. He and poorly equipped plant with also preached the Gospel faithfully which Dr. Briggs began broadened and wrote much on Morocco and the into the Overbrook Hospital, where Moors. The wild tribesmen of Beni thousands were healed both with Hassan, Zenior, Ziarr and El Arab medicine and the Gospel. During the counted him their friend and often war Dr. Briggs rendered such incrowded into the patio of Dar Zabeeb, valuable aid to his government that listening to his stories and asking the British Consul General in Bangfor his medicine. Moors and Jews kok wrote him a letter of warm apboth consulted him. preciation; and as he lay on his death bed three English Army Offi- Moreover, Dr.Kerr acted as a judge cers invested him with the gold in many disputes and as a peacemaker badge of "Officer of the Most Excelin settling quarrels and incipient wars. lent Order of the British Empire." He insisted on justice and his de- Dr. Briggs lost one of two sons in cisions were accepted as right. Dr. the fighting in France. Mr. S. Ed- Kerr also took an interest in farm- gar Briggs, a brother, is manager of ing, in animal ann bird liff' and in Fleming H. Revell Company.

MISSIONARY LIBRARY'

~ Hudson Taylor and the China Inland liefs and characteristics. This in- Mission. By Dr. and Mrs. How- formation would have given a clear- ard Taylor. Illustrated. 8vo. er picture of the setting in which the 640 pp. 9 shillings. Morgan & missionary work was done, and Scott, London. China Inland would have shown more vividly the Mission, London, Philadelphia obstacles to be overcome. The his- and Toronto 1918. tory is peculiarly a narrative of The first part of Hudson Taylor's God's dealings with Hudson Taylor, with incidents from letters and life, from 1832 to 1860, was pub- diaries to illustrate his trials, his lished a few years ago, and the con- faith, his courage, his spiritual wiscluding and most important part is dom and power, and the many dinow issued thirteen years after his rect answers to prayer. It is un- fortunate that the lack of an index death. It is distinctly -a sermonic and of descriptive chapter headings biography, not a chronicle of events, makes it difficult to find references or a character study. Hudson Tay- to specific incidents and people. lor was an unusual man, with positive character, firm convictions, a The life of Hudson Taylor was an living faith in God and indomitable unusual life, a divine life fulfilling courage and perseverance. a divine mission. No one can read the story of God's dealing with him This history, with its record of and of his faithfulness, without the growth of the China Inland Mis- realizing that here 'is a picture of sion and its manifold lessons, is full what God can do with a truly surof wonderful experiences of an- rendered life. swered prayer, vivid pictures of hardship and suffering and inspiring The Christian Approach to. Islam. evidence of the power of the Spirit By Rev. James L. Barton, D. D. of God. It is a truly extraordinary 8vo. 316 pp. $2.00 net. Pilgrim record, and one from which every Press Boston, 1918. missionary society and every Chris- The problem of the conversion of tian may learn many lessons. No one who reads and believes this Moslems has all but baffled the record of Hudson Taylor'S life can Christian Church. These people have doubt the truth of Christianitv, and so much truth, are so numerous, are the present working of Almighty such aggressive exponents of their God. faith and are so bitterly opposed to apostasy that they have success- From the viewpoint of the reader, fully withstood the advance of the length of the biography is a Christianity in almost every land. drawback. The biographers evi- Dr. Barton is a Christian authority dently labored under the difficulty on the subject of missions to Mosof choosing- from a great wealth of lems. First. he was a missionary material. There is also, in spite of in Turkey and has since been a its excellent literary style, a gen- student of the subject and a most eral sameness in the material efficient Secretary of the American selected and in the method of pres- Board. entation. Comparatively little – is told of the Chinese people among The studies here clearly and ably whom Mr. Taylor's life was spent. presented describe first, the history The work of the Mission and the and extent of Islam as a religion answerea prayers crowd out infor- and a potential power; and second, mation as to Chinese customs, be- 479

Mohammedanism as a religion-Al- facts are given to show Germany's lah, the Koran, its theory and prac- influence in Turkey and her respon- tice and the Moslem sects. The dis- sibility for the massacres. It is not tinctive part of the volume is that an up to date book in its facts and which deals with the "Relation of is of very secondary value except Islam to Christianity" and to mis-· as an expression of an Armenian's sionary work. Here is where "doc- desire for freedom from oppression.

tors sometimes disagree." One Reconstruction in Turkey. Reports school of missionaries believes in compiled for the American Compolemics against Islam, revealing mittee of Armenian and Syrian its errors and evils; the other ad-' Relief. New York. For private vocates seeking points of contact. distribution. Dr. Barton is of the latter schooL These valuable reports by au- The volume is of real value to all thorities on their subjects give an interested in solving the Moham- outline of the history, ethnology medan problem from a Christian and religious conditions in the point of view. The story of mis- Turkish Empire, the social and sions to Moslems is excellent, and economic needs, industries,' the edu- cation, status of women and finances. shows that the problem is much less difficult than formerly. Dr. Barton believes that a new day has dawned Foreign Financial Control in China.

for missions to Moslems, and that By T. W. OverIach. 295 pages.

we must adopt new methods to lead $2.00 net. The Macmillan Com- Moslems to Christ. The volume is pany. New York, 1919.

worthy of very thoughtful study. Books on the Far and Near East are numerous, but the interest of America Save the Near East. By thoughtful men and women in the AbrahamM. Rihbany. 16mo.176 subject has become so great that the pp. $1.00 net. The Pilgrim Press. demand continues unabated. It is 1918. now recognized that in this era of The Syrian pastor of an American close international relationships, the Unitarian Church makes a plea for readjustments in Asia involve prob- the reconstruction of Syria, its de- lems of the first magnitude which liverance from Turkish misrule involve all other nations and particu- through an American protectorate larly America. This and the .four which will rejuvenate that land and succeeding books present various guide the people to enlightened phases of the problem, and each deals self-government. It is a sane appeal, with some important aspect of the but there· are two great difficulties general theme.

in the way of this program-one is Mr. Overlach in his volume on the selfishness and jealousy of Eu- "Foreign Financial Control in ropean nations and the other is the China," writes out of fullness of hesitation of America: to undertake knowledge and clearly indicates the the task. official and other documentary evi- dence upon which he bases his ar- The Tragedy of Armenia. By Ber- gument. He makes a valuable con- tha S. Papazian. 12mo. 164 pp. tribution to the literature on the $1.00 net. The Pilgrim Press. finances of China and the financial Boston. 1918. relations of other countries to it.

A member of the martyred nation He presents an unbiased analysis of here makes a powerful appeal for the financial and political activities her people. It is a tragic and pa- of the six leading powers in China thetic story, the half of which has during the last twenty years, and not been told. The history of the emphasizes the need of international Armenians is briefly traced, some financial co-operation. China and the World War. By W. foreigners of all denominations and Reginald Wheeler. 263 pages. nationalities in Canton, but by the $1.75. The Macmillan Company, Chinese, who almost overwhelmed New York, 1919. her with their tributes of praise and "In China and the World War," honor. The book is largely an ac- W. Reginald Wheeler, who has count of the rise and development of spent three years in China, vividly the educational institution with describes the attack upon China which her life work has been identi- from without during the first year fied, and it gives much: information of the war; the attack from within about this honored missionary during the second year; the progress leader, and about Christian effort in republican government and the to mould and train Chinese girls for new foreign policy; the severance a high type of womanhood.

of diplomatic relations with and the declaration of war against Germany The Riddle of Nearer Asia. By and Austria; the Lansing-Ishi Basel Mathews. 216 pp. $1.25.

agreement between America and George H. Doran Company, New Japan concerning China; the Chi- York, 1919.

nese-Japanese military agreement The value of Basel Mathews'

of 1918; and China's future as af- "The Riddle of Nearer Asia" is tes- fected by the aims of the allied tified to by no less an authority Powers. This is rather a wide field than Viscount Bryce, former British to cover in a small book of only 182 Ambassador at Washington and pages, so that only a bare outline is himself an international authority given; but an additional 74 pp. are of the first rank. He says that the devoted to appendices which give book is admirably calculated to pro- official documents and a bibliography vide the student, who. wishes to un- of a "five foot shelf" of books on derstand the conditions of mission- China. For a fuller discussion of ary work in Southern Asia, with the great subject of Chinese re- essential facts and illuminating lationship to the world war, one views stated in the clearest and would need to go to larger volumes, briefest way, and that seldom does but as a convenient and comprehen- one find so much good matter sive hand-book, this little volume is brought together in so small a com- to be highly commended. pass. This is high praise and the book deserves it. Mr. Mathews A Light in the Land of Sinim. By treats of the social and economic Harriet Newell Noyes. 250 pp. conditions of the Near East, the $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Com- menace of the Turk, and the prob- pany, New York, 1919. lems of reconstruction, and he does "A Light in the Land of Sinim" this in a way which makes his book comes laden with special interest to delightfully readable.

the many friends and admirers of the author, Miss Harriet Newell World Facts and America's Respon- Noyes, who has been for fifty-two sibility. By Cornelius H. Patton.

years a Presbyterian missionary in 236 pages. $1.00. Association Canton, and for forty-five years of Press, New York, 1919.

that period the Principal of True The Rev. Dr. Cornelius H. Patton, Light Seminary, the largest and Secretary of the American Board most influential boarding school for of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- girls in South China. Her semi- sions, brings our study to the prac- centennial of missionary service was tical issue of "America's Responsi- celebrated two years ago with ex- . bility" for ten world facts: the re- traordinary demonstrations of re- naissance of Asia; the decadence of spect and affection not only by the the non-Christian religions; the rapid extension of Christianity; the kaleidoscopic. These stories are fight of the East and the West for naturally impressionistic rather a common cause; the expectation of than scholarly. They are a witness's the East that America will give example and help; the emergence of testimony rather than a judge's ver- America from her isolation; Amer- dict. They will, however, dispel ica and Great Britain in a' fellowship some prejudices and correct some of service; democracy the organ- false impressions. Miss Bryant, an izing principle of the world; the rise American socialist who was in Rusof the new idealism; and the Church sia for six months last year, sees girding herself for her great task. Dr. Patton is one of the able mis- the turmoil and recognizes many ionary leaders of the modern Church, of the dangers, but she does and is familiar with the bearing of not prescribe the remedy. Her the present world situation upon largest contribution is the descripthe churches of America. In this tion of Russian leaders, Madame little book, he has packed argu- Breskowsky, Kerensky, Lenine, ments and appeals which make it Trotzky, and others. She is strongly one of great power. anti-German, but writes with much sympathy for the Soviets and trav- eled from Petrograd to Stockholm The Democratic Movement in Asia. as a Bolshevist courier. Her view By Tyler Dennett. 16mo. 252 of the Russian Church and its priests pp. $1.50. The Ass 0 cia t ion is far from attractive, picturing Press, 1918. drunken, dirty and immoral men These papers which appeared in acting as intermediaries of God. The Russian Church is dead. Will the organ of the American Asiatic there be a resurrection or will a Association, Asia, are filled with new evangelical Church take its most interesting facts in regard to the progress of Asiatic peoples. Mr. place?

Dennett shows clearly what. mis- sionaries have done and are doing In the East Africa War Zone. By for Asiatics and the appreciation in J. H. Briggs. Pamphlet 88 pp.

which missionary work is held by Church Missionary Society, 1918.

the most intelligent Asiatic leaders. A British missionary in German The papers thus form a splendid East Africa describes briefly the apologetic for missions and the country and people and relates the book is especially suitable to place story of the mission and recounts in the hands of business men who the experiences-interesting if may be uninterested in missions rather unpleasant-through which because uninformed as to the fruit~ he and his fellow-workers passed of missions. Mr. Dennett takes up under German hands during the American work in Asia, Education, war. German officials immediately Medical Missions, Women's Eman- put an end to British missionary cipation, Sacial Progress, Church work and "told the native Chris- Unity and Foreign Missions. . tians, especially the teachers, to sev- er their connection with the English Six Red Months in Russia. By Mission by either going over to Louise Bryant. Illustrated. 8vo. Mohammedanism or returning to $2.00 net. George H. Doran Co. heathenism, and to destroy at once New York. 1918. their Bibles, Hymn books, Prayer A newspaper writer's story of Books and other books printed in Russia during these days of revolu- English." They did not however tion is sure. to be stirring and follow this advice. WORLD PROHIBITION FEDERATION (Successor to International Prohibition Confederation.) Founded at London in 1909 for the object of suppressing the harmful traffic in all Intoxicants throughout the world–whether Alcohol, Opium, Hashish, etc.

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AJso, send, gratis, literature, etc., to the following persons: Please mention THE MISSIONARY R~IJCW OS' t'ult WORI.D in writing to advertisers Missionary Personals MR. ROBnT P. WI!;DER, who has been for the past few years Director of Religious Worle in the International Committee of the Y. M.C. A., has resigned that position to become General Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement. He takes the place of MR. F. P. TURNER, who has become Secretary of the Committee of Reference and Council of the Foreign Missions Conference. Mr. Wilder was one of the original founders of the Student Volunteer Movement in North America.

DR. JOHN McDowE!;L of Baltimore *and* D*R. WM. R. KING of St. Louis have been elected as associate secretaries of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions. Dr. Mc- Dowell will be located with Dr. Marquis in New York, and Dr. King with Dr. Fullerton in the St. Louis office.

REv. CHARLES S. DEMING, Profess*or *in t*he Union Theological Seminary and in the Pierson Memorial Bible School of Seoul, Korea, is in America on furlough.

* .. .. MAJOR STEPHEN V. TROWBRIDGE, who is in charge of relief work in' Palestine for the American Red Cross, has received the rare honor of the Gold Cross of the Holy Sepulchre, in token of the gratitude of the people of Jerusalem. This distinction was also conferred upon General Allenb..y. . … ..

DR. HowAIm Buss, President of the Syrian Protestant College in Beirut, has recently arrived in New York by way of Paris and the Peace Conference. The College of which he is the head remained open throughout the entire period of the war, never . . having less than 650 students, most of them Syrians and Egyptians. ..

PRES. CAMPBlll;L WHITE, having accepted the call to become General Life Service Secretary of the Interchurch World Movement of North America, has resigned as president of Wooster University. * .. ..

. . . Rllv. G. CAMPBllL!; MORGAN, D. D., of London has accepted a professorship in the Bible Teachers' Training School of New York. He expects to spend August in Washington and Northfield, and September in Seattle. Rllv. F. M. NORTH, D. D., corresponding secretary of the Methodist Board of Foreign Missions, after visiting France and Italy, spent a week in North Africa .. .. '" and a short time in Spain. He has now returned to America. MR. CHAO, President of Pei Yang University, Tientsin, one of China's foremost educators, was recently converted to Christianity. Mr. Chao, as the head of a large government school, will exert a wide influence for Christianity throughout all North China. .. * ..

MR. E. C. FAITHFUL, Secretary of fhe South Africa General Mission, is in America .. . . in the interests of the Mission, particularly the plans for enlarged work in Portuguese West Africa.

PANDITA RAMADAI, the famous Indian Christian worker for child widows, has been honored by the Emperor of India with the presentation of the Kaiser-i-Hind gold medal. .. * ..

MR. CHURCHI!;!; H. CUTTING has been elected President of the American Bible Society. Mr. Cutting is a prominent Baptist layman who has· been connected with the .. … … Society for some time.

RJiv. SAMUllL H. WIl;KINSON, Director of the Mildway Mission to the Jews, has gone to Palestine under the auspices of the Soldiers' Christian Association.

.. * * DR. SAMUllL TRAIN DUTTON', an officer of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, who has been active in many organizations for human welfare, died on March 28. Dr. Dutton was a trustee of the American College For Girls in Constantinople, and Treasurer since 1908.

* .. * MISS MARY HARDING of Sholapur, India, died on January 4, 1919. She was the daughter and granddaughter of notable missionaries. A sister and brother gave up their lives in service for India, and another sister, Mrs. Charles Burr, is a missionary of Ahmednagar. –

BOOKS ON MISSIONS

The Mastery of the Far East. By The Latest Arthur Judson Brown. 8vo. 671 Missionary Publications pp. $6.00. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1919. Themes for Mission Study, Iglg-ZO Handbook of French and Belgian Christianity and Human Conservation- Protestantism. By Louise Sey- Christian Americanization mour Houghton. 12mo. 245 pp. 75 c. Missionary Education Move- The Missionary Education Movement ment, New York, 1919. Presents these New and Striking Book.: "'''''e Voice of the Nation and Other Verses. By Frank M. Gregg. New Life Currents in China 12mo. 96 pp. 75e. Fleming H. Revell Company, New York, By MARY NINDE CAMEWELL 1918. Owing to the present interest in China, The New Opportunity of the this book comes at an opportune time. in- Church. By Robert E. Speer. forming chapters on public health, general 16mo. 111 pp. 6Oe. The Mac- and medical education, and Christian Mis- Millan Company, New York, sions. Illustrated. 1919. CIGth, 75 centsj paper, SO cents, pestpaid. God Over All. By A. T. Schofield, M. D. 12mo. 1/6. 109 pp. Pick- (Ready) ering & Inglis, London. Foreign Magie Not Dead but Living. By Harring- ton C. Lees. 16mo. 46 pp. 6s. By JEAN CARTER COCHRAN Morgan & Scott, Ltd. London. This volume reveals, in a striking way, the Can A Young Man Trust His Bible. "magic" exercised by Christian doctors and By Arthur Cook. 12mo. 64pp. nurses on the ru-edy population of China. A Is. Pickering & Inglis, London. serious subject, touched with a gentle humor. Artistic binding and illustrations. Prophecy and Authority. By Kem- per Fullerton. 12mo. 213 pp. Cloth, $1.50, postpaid.

$1.50. The MacMillan Company, (R.ady) New York, 1919. Christian Americanization Mexico Under Carranza. By Thom- By DR. CHARLES ALVIN BROOKS as E. Gibbon. 12mo. 270 pp. $l.SO. Doubleday, Page & Co., An outline of the "after-the-war" task that New York, 1919. awaits the Christian forces of our country; the outcome of extensive European investiga- Dr. Elsie Inglis. By Lady Frances tion by a man rarely qualified for his task. Balfour. 12mo. 264 pp. $1.50. Illustrated. George H. Doran Company, New York, 1919. Cloth, 75 centsj paper, 40 cents; postpaid.

Adventures in Alaska. By S. Hall (Ready) Young. 12mo. 181 pp. $1.25. Ministers of Mercy Fleming H. Revell Company, New York, 1919. By DR. JAM.ES H. FRANKLIN The Lincoln Cabin. By Saxe Churc- The stories of ten famous medical mission- hill Stimson. 12mo. 49 pp. aries whose fields were, mainly, in the Far Published by the Author. East. This book is valuable as literature and also as a basis for serious study. Illustrated. League of Nations. By Alfred Owen Crozier. 12mo. 196 pp. Cloth, 75 eentsj paper,50 cebhj postpaid. SOc. L~couver Press Co., New York, 1919. (R••dy Jun. 5) Friends of Ours. By Elizabeth Col- The Honorable Crimson Tree son. 12mo. 86 pp. Missionary Education Movement, New York, By ANITA B. FERRIS 1918. China is well nigh treeless. Try and picture what it must be, else you will not appreciate the courage of a little Chinese lad, who, to save a tiny tree, faced a savage bandit. Seven other fine stories for children. Illustrated.

Cloth, 60 eentsj paper, 40 centsj postpaid.

(Ready) The foregoing books may be ordered from any denominational headquarters, or from tbe MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA 1110 Fifth A_nu., N.w York City Do not miss the coming articles in Christianity and Industrial Problems in Japan By J. Merle Davis What the Salvation Army will do with $13,000,000 By Col. William H. Cox Daniel Uhlane-A Trophy from Central Africa By Rev. Donald Fraser The Largest Leper Colony in the World By William M. Danner. Also The Medical Mission Number with articles on Medical Missions in Africa, China, India, Japan and Moslem Lands, and in relation to Evangelism- Home Life- Child Life- Leprosy Plague and Famine–Rockefeller Foundation and The World Sunday School Number with articles on The Sunday School in Many Lands; The Re- lation of Sunday Schools to Evangelization-Home Life–The Development of the lNative Church-Christian Literature- Training of Leaders. The Tokyo Convention.

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Have You WHEN you plan your vacation be sure it includes a Consulted Summer Conference. It will be a real joy and inspiratio the List of and will not only help you, but will benefit those with whom you will work nertyear. SUMMER CONFERENCES Let us tell you how you can earn part or all of your. ex- penses to attend a Summer School of Missions~ In This Issue 7 Write today to: page iv . MISS WILMA DI1NTZE Missionary Review Publishing Co.

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The Old Corner Boo" Store, Ine., 27 BloomfielCl St.. Booton. OPPORTUNITY To the PROTESTANT CHURCHES of America Has Come a GREAT MISSIONARY OPPORTUNITY With the Signing of the Armistice There are 50,000,000 people to be reached through the French Protestants in their Foreign Missionary Work.

French Missionary Societies alone are qualified, under present conditions, to occupy some of the world's most needy fields, the French Colonies. In Asia, there is the whole of French Indo-China, with 20,000,000 inhabitan.ts. In Africa, are French Guinea, the Ivory Coast, Dahomey, the greater part of the French Congo, itself nearly three times as large as France, and above all, the Sudan,' where the final conflict between the Crescent and the Cross is to be decided. The African Colonies contain 30;000,000 inhabitants.

There are 20,000,000 Frenchmen in France who are not vitally connected with any religious organization.

"Since the war,"- says Chaplain Daniel Couve, "these 20,000,000 have been moved,to a greater respect for and interest in religion. The great need of France is to make French Christianity more democratic, and French Democracy more Christian. Protestantism, through its history and tradition, is peculiarly fitted for the task, and its great opportunity lies in the openness of the people to religious appeal."

Protestants ought to seize this opportunity or others will The financial purden on Protestants of Stricken France is so heavy that Protestantism in the devastated areas is in danger of being wiped out.

Do you want this field to be lost to Protestantism? You know the consequences if it is.

Do you want to lose the great opportunity in Foreign Missionary Work?

$3,000,000 Needed at Once An Int~ational and· Interdenominational Committee, sUpported by every Protestant Denomination in the United States, supporting every Protestant organization in France and Belgium, has been formed with headquarters at 289 Fourth Ave., New York.

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The Missionary Review of the World — 1917 Index

Missionary

Review of the World VOL. XL. OLD SERIES xxx. VOL. NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editor-in-Chief, 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D.

JANUARY TO DECEMBER. 1917 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON EDITORIAL ASSOCIATES REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S. BELLE M. BRAIN Statistics and Foreign Exchanges Best Methods Department MRS. WM. H. FARMER MISS VERMILYE and MRS. ROSSMAN Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin Woman's Home Mission Bulletin MRS. F. M. GILBERT, News from Exchanges EDITORIAL COUNCIL REv. LEMUEL CALL BARNES, D.D. MRS.' HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY REV. WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, PH.D. MRs. PHILIP M. ROSSMAN REV. EGBERT W. SMITH, D.D. W. T. DEMAREST W. E. DOUGHTY REv. H. F. SWARTZ, D.D. REV. W. H. GRIFFITH THOMAS HARRY WADE HICKS REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D. REV. S. G. INMAN REV. GEORGE HEBER JONES, D.D. F. P. TURNER J. ERNEST McAFEE MISS ELIZABETH VERMILYE REV. STANLEY WHITE, D.D. JOHN W. WOOD, LL.D.

PUBLISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC.

156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK ROBERT E. SPEER, President MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY FRANK L. BROWN, Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer FLEMING H. REVELL DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary DICKINSON W. RICHARDS PROF. HAlU,ANP. BEACH MRS. A. F. SCHAUFFLER REV. CHARLES R. WATSQN, D.D.

Bl( THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INc Printed in the United States

OF ONE VOLUME OF THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE

of Each year the REVIEW contains tlhe equivalent of twenty-one volumC'/<, a complete library Missions, on the history, methods, principles, and progress of Missions, and the lives of Missionades and Native Converts. Each small volume woold contain about 30,000 words (150 pages).

INDEX FOR 1917 MAPS, CHARTS AND CARTOONS PAGE PAGE AFRICA, Compara.dve Religions in……… 811 China, Miracles of Memory.•……•….••••• 374 – Density of PopUlation in ……………. 801 Comparative Religions in Africa …..•…..•. 811 – Missionary Areas in …………… ; ….. 801 Japan, Woman's Work in ……………… 371 – National Control ………………….. 881 Kindergarten, Mission ………….•••••.•• 350 – Races of ••………… . ………….. 881 Life or Death for Time or for Eternity…. 497 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan ……………•… :. 743 Missions to the Eskimos ……………….. 602 Children Alone' in Africa, Leave These …… 4<)0 Mongolia …………………………..•. 92 – In China, Caring for …………..•…• 375 Russian Church Characterization of Protest· – To Come Unto Me, Suffer Little. _…•.. 373 . ant Work in Russia ……………….. 344 CHINA, Caring for Children in ………… 375 Woman's Work in Japan ……………… 371 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS PAGB PAGE Africa, Attendance at Sabbath Service in…. 819 America, Entertaining Some Chinese Students in 909 – Another Cause of Darkness………….. 899 – Influence of Work for Italians in. . . . . . …. 593 – Degrading Influence ……………….. ~97 – Navajo Woman Weaving a Blanket. ……. 917 – Successful Work Among Italians in …..• 588 – Dispensary, Lirhauda Station, British East 815 – Traveling School House on the Mexican – A Fetish Worshipped in West. ……….. R95 Border …………………..•…….. 685 – Funeral in British East. …. ….. .0.: . ….. 816 – Walpi, Oldest Hopi Indian Village ..•…. 481 – In Need of Education in the Arts Peace 891 American Citizens, Some Promising•••••..•. 207 Anatolia College, Faculty of……………. 523 – Making Over Raw Material in British Cen- – Hospital, Women's Ward of the ………. 521 tral •……..•…………………… 418 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Sunday-School in the 745 Appeal, Powerful……………………… 368 – One of the Evils of ……………. : . . . .. 421 Arabs, Home of Bedouin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730 Argentina, Coming Generation in ……….. 846 – Pagan Chief Now Christian Teacher in …. 333 – Light House in ……………………. 849 – One of the Principal Industries in ……. 847 – Raw Material in British Central. ……… 418 Arizona, Government Boarding School at – Ready for a Missionary Palaver in West.. 51 Keams Canon …………………….. 512 – Sabbath Service in British East………. 819 Arizona, Home of .a Navajo Christian ilt – Some Results of the Missionary's Work in Tolchaco ………………………… 920 Armenia, Faculty of Anatolia College…….. 523 West ……………………………. 49 Army Y. M. C. A. "Hut," Military Bands – A Type of Congo Native……………. 893 Practising in …………………….. 502 – West, Communion Sunday on Efulen Hill. 330 Baltimore Campaign Dinner, One Thousand – West, Preparedness Parade in………… 400 Men at the………………………. 514 – West, Sunday Audience in the Presbyterian Bedouin Boys of Arabia ……………….. 733 Benares, Preaching to the Village Dams of.. 925 Church at Elat ………………….••. 321 Bickel, Captain Luke W……………….. 653 – West, Village Where the Mi~sionaries are Bolivia, La Paz, Capital of…………….. 836 Working in Cameroon……………… 45 Brockman, Fletcher S …………………. 498 Buddha, Bogda or Incarnate……………. 81 – What the Raw Heathen are Like in West 331 Buddhist Sunday School Card ………….. 662 Bulgaria Before the 'War-Samokov Market. 361 – William M. Dager Training Christian Work· ers in West……………………… 47 – Woman Potter at Work…………..••.• 422 African Hands How. to Work, Teaching.••.• 334 – Ideas How to Think, Teaching young…. 335 – Warrior ………………………….. 821 Africans Respond to the Message of Christ.. 401 – Worship__ Their Ancestors, Where Heathen 423 Africans, Waitins for the Gospel, A Cr<>wd of. 901 PAGE ~l ~ Bulgarian Peasants–:-Berry Pickers………. 359 Italian Evangelical Church, Middletown, N. Y. 595 – Women at the R.ver Laundry.•••.•.••••• 357 – Mothers Become Interested..••••••.••.•• 591 Burma, Bal'tism in ••.••.•..•••.•..••…••• 430 California, Chinese Woman Voter at the Polls Italians in America, Influence of Work for .. 593 – – – Successful Work Among……….. 588 in ……………………………… 203 Cameroon, Christians in…. . . • . . . . . . • . • . . • •• 330 Japan, Baptismal Service in the "Inland Sea" 651 , – Mission, Early Morning Prayer Meetin~ in 338 – Church .Foun~ed by the "Fukuin Maru" in 660 Canadian Indian Family of Four Generat.ons – SuperstItIOn m •••••.••..••••••••••••••• 655 at Home ….•••.•••••.•.•.•••.••.•••• 122 Japanese Sunday School on the "Fukuin – Missionary and His Dog Team ….•••.••• 123 Maru" ………•…..•…………..•. 657 Ca~l'on Falls, Christian Famiry at ..•••..••• 367 – Members of the Mothers' Club at ••.•.••• 366 Kentucky, Christian Family at Canyon Falls. 367 Chicago, Italian Sewing School· in…..••.• , 590 China and One of the Round Doors of Gin- – Members of the Mothers' Club at Canyon Falls •..•………..•………..•.•… 366 lin~ College ……………………… 107 – LooklDg Past the Reception Room at Ginling – Physical Culture at Canyon· Falls…••..• 365 College ………………………….. III Korean Girl with Her Bible ……………. 677 -Now Wide Open to the Missionary …… 575 – School Children …………………… 641 – One Result of Financial Investment in…. 28 – Scene at a Crystal Spring Village Well in 53 – Socerer, Converted ………….•.••.•.. 675 – Some Returns from the Missionary Invest- Lamaist Temple and Monastery…………. 97 ment in ………………………… 27 – The Great Wall …………………… 561 Leonard, Delavan L …………….••.•..•• 161 Chinese Imperial University, President Martin Madras, Class in Biology at Union Christian and Faculty of the ……………….. 197 – Students in America, Entertaining Som" .. 909 College …………………………. 683 – ViI!age, So!"e of the Missionaries' Eager – Outdoor Gymnastics in Union Christian L.steners .n a. . . . . . . •• . . . . •. . • . ..• • •• • • • 55 – Woman Voter at the Polls in California.• 203 College …… .. . .. .. .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . . .. 681 Chosen (Koreah Grou? of Students at Taiku 757 Manila, University of the Philippines in…. 598 -Three Man Yower 'Steam" Shovel in ..•• 753 Congo Native, A Type of. …………….. 893 -MaDrtri.n,WW. .AA. .PP., .•…….••……• •.•.•…. 195 Costumes for the Exercise "Jesus Loves Me" and Some of His Students. 199 Mex.can Border, Ins.de of Traveling School Round the World …………………. 779 House on …••……………..•…… 687 Cree Language, Specimen of the…..•…•.. 124 m Mid~letown, N. Y., Italian Evangelical Church Dager, William M., Training Christian Work- Mon~"ol .Ch~;;ti~~ . ~;'d' 'H~~ .ii';~b~~d: :::::::: ers in West Africa……………….. 47 – Young Women in Holiday Dress ……… 103 Douglas, Arizona, Interior of· the Young Mongoha, Human God of………………. 81 Women's Club at…………………. 765 – in . 'rinter, Briti~h and Foreign Bible So- – – One of the Noon Hour Groups …….. 767 c.e y Caravan lD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Eddy, Dr. Sherwood…………………… 241 Eddy's Meetings in Tinnevelly, India, One – Mission House on Halong Ossa. . . . . . . . . .• 102 – Scene On the Plains of Southern ….~ . . . .• 95 of Mr. Sherwood …………………• 251 Mongolian Religious Leader……………. 99 Egypt, Newspaper Evangelism in ……..••.• 260 – '~Yourt" or Tent…………………… 94 Elat Industrial School. ……………….. 334 – Usual Congregation Coming from Church Mongols, One of the………………….. 93 Moslem at Prayer ……………………. 750 in .•.•………………………….. 337 – Performing Ablutions Before Prayer …… 518 – West Africa, Sunday Audience in the Presilyterian Church at. … : ……..•.• 321 Mott,. John R………………………… 498 Eskimo Fa,,!iry at Red River, Christian …• 605 NavajO Baby in Her Cradle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918 -;- Igloo or Winter Snow House, Inside an.. 603 – IndIan School Boys at Play, Luepp, Ariz .. 922 – Offering for Missions……………….. 607 – Summer Settl~ment, A Missionary Visiting 921 Fetish Worshipped in West Africa ………. 8% – Woman Weavmg a Blanket. …………. 917 Fetler'~ T~bernacle, Petrograd, Debt-paying Negro Women, Tuscaloosa, Ala., First Con- Fest.val lD Pastor ……………..•..••. 349 ference for ……………………… 618 Filipino Town, Hilarious Time in a …..•••• 600 Negroes, One of the Student Forces for the Filipinos at work on Rice Terraces ……•..• 600 Fisher River, Day School for Children at…. 125 Uplift of Southern………………… 41 France," Mrs. Ralph C. Norton at the Newspaper Evangelism in Egypt………… 260 Trenches, "Somewhere in …………… 33 "Fukuin Maru," Japanese Sunday School on Norton, Mrs. Ralph C., at the Trenches uSomewhere in France"……………. 33 the .••…•………………………. 657 –New …………. '" ……………. 653 Panama Canal, Bible Society Boat for …… 907 Geneva Women Students' Christian Asso- – The New American Bible House on the ciation .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 273 "Zone" …•.••…………………… 906 – – Zone at Balboa, A View of. . . . . . . . . . • .. 904 Ginl'8~o;sol~r,•.~~i.~~ .~~~. ~.n.e..o.f. ~~:. ~o.~~~ 107 Parker, Dr., and Her Adopted Indian Chil- – – Some of the Students at……•……. 109 – Guardian of the College Gate…………. 110 .dren ..••………..•………….•..•. 834 Hackett, E. A. K …………………….. 269 PeklDg, Great Water Gate of …..•……… 571 Hopi Indian House, Interior of………… 508 – Indians, Christian Education of the …… 513 Perkins, George W …………………… 498 Hostess' House at Sacket Harbor, N. Y …. 763 Idol Maker at Work …………………… 432 Peru on a Festival Day, Street in Lima ….. 194 India, Members of a Criminal Tribe in …..• 833 – City Doms-House of the Head Man…. 926 Petrograd, Popular Demonstration in……. 339 – One of Mr. Sherwood Eddy's Meetings in Phil~r.in~..I~~~~~~,..~~~~~~ .~~~~~~. ~~~~~. ~ 598 Philippines' Investment, Interest on the….. 24 Tinnevelly ………………………. 251 Picture, Motion-Coming from the Mission – Starting on a Missionary Tour in ..•..•.•• 433 School …………………………• 430 – .. – Village Dom at Home ……………….. 924 Plattsburgh, N. Y., New Y. M. C. A. "Hut" at 499 Ve!~t ~~':'.s..~~~~~l.a.'~. ?~~:. :r.~~i~ ~~~: 927 Pocket Testament That Saved a Life ……. 173 Prayer, Moslem at. …………… : …..•.. 750 – Work of the Dams, or Thief Caste …… 923 Preparedness Parade, New York…………. 368 I.dian Children, Dr. Parker and Adopte4 .• 8304 – Family of Four Generations at Home, Russia, Popular Demonstration in Petrograd. 339 – Some Moscow University Students ……. 281 Canadian •.•…………..•….•.•…• 122 Sacket Harbor, N. Y., Hostess' House…… 763 – Gestur,,_ Lancuage …………………. 775 Salako-Mother of the Snake Clan ………. 509 Indianl, Harvelt Women', Dance •••.•…•.• 507 Samokov Market-Bulgaria Before the War. 361 Scotch Members of the Pocket Testament League in Camp………………….. 170 Scudder, Dr. Ida…………………….. 127 ShiUuk Tribe, Warrior of the……•……• 747 Siam, Christian Village Community in North. 436 – Women Spirit Danees in North •…•..•• 439 Snake Dance of the Hopi Indians ………. 511 Sp~e!s, James M ……………………… 498 SPlrlt Huts Where the Heathen Africans Wor- ship Their Ancestors ………………. 423

INDEX

PAGE PAGIl Stevenson, J. Ross. . . • . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . .. 498 Turkey. Women's Ward of the Anatolia Hos- pital …….••.•………………….. 521 Students. Russia. Some Moscow University .. 281 Sudan. Battle of Sudanese Tribes in the Anglo- Turkish Zabtieh …………………….•. 184 Tuskegee. Home of Wm. Holtzclaw. Graduate Egyptian ………………………… 721 _ Missionary's H orne in the Anglo·Egyptian . 739 of …………•…………………•. 40 Sudane~e. ~t Home. Preaching to the …….. 744 – Institute. How They Come to the Com- – Posslbllltles ……………………….. 741 mencement Exercises at …………••. 38 Sunday School Card. Buddhist………….. 663 Walsh. Bishop. of India . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . 241 War, Extent of World………………… 1 Testament League in Camp. Scotch Members Whang, Blind-Converted Korean Socerer … 675 of the Pocket. …………………… 170 Wilder. Robert P ……………………. " 498 Wilson, Bishop Luther D……………… 498 Travancore. Some of the Personal Workers in 257 World Conflict, Extent of……………… 1 Y. M. C. A. at an Army Base Hospital. Op- Traveling School House on the Mexican Bor- der ……..•…………………….. 684 portunity for ……………..•…….. 505 – "Hut." Dr. Exner Addressing United States Turkey. In a Khan Yard. Where the Mission- ary Stopped •…………………….. 185 Troops in a ……………….. ·····.. 503 Y. W. C. A. Headquarters. Geneva. Switzer· – One Means of Rapid Transit for the Mis- sionary in .•……………………… , 183 land •…………………………… 277 – Some Representative of Asiatic ………•.. 187 AUTHORS PAGE PAGE ABBOTT, INEZ L •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 357 LEW, T,MOTHY T,NGFANG ••.••••••.•••.••••• 440 ALBERTSON, CHARLES C… • • • • • • • • . . • • • • • • • •• 380 LILEY, ARTHUR V …………………. 519,751 ALLEN. BELLE J …………………… 298. 376 Low, SETH •••••••••••••.•••…•.••• :…… 32 AMERMAN, W,LL,AM L . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 LUTHER, D. E •••••••••••.••••.•..••••• ·•• •• 269 ANDERSON, R. P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 MABIE, CATHERINE C. •••••••••••••••.••••••• 57 ARNOLD, JULIAN ………………………. 130 MACKEY, U. L ••••.••…••.••••••.••••••••• 595 BARTON, JAMES Loo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 MCCRAE, LEE •.•••.••.••••.•••.•••••••••••• 685 BONFIELD, G. H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 MCWILLIAMS, D. W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 BRAIN, BELLE M •. 63, 131. 209. 291, 369. 452. 527. MEAD, FREDERICA R •••••••..••..••••••••••• 107 691, 772, 9.1D M,LLIGAN. ROBERT H •••••••••••••••••••••••• 891 BRENNECKE, ROBERT H .•..•••••• '. • • • • . • • • • •• 608 MONTGOMERY, HELEN BARRETT, .•..•.•….••• 218 MON'fGOMERY, JAMES M………………… 30 BROWN, ARTHUR LJo.o………………………………… .. .. .. .. .. 195 MOODY, PAUL D ••.•••••••..•••••••.•••• • •• 529 BRoWN, FRANK 31 MOTON, ROBERT R…………………….. 39 MUNRO, HUGa R…………………….. 32 BURGESS, PAUL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 915 NORTON, MRS. RALPH C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 CAPE, C. PHILLIPS ••……………•… ··· 923 PA YNE, ARTHUR …•…•••..••.•.••.••••••• 613 CARY, O T I S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689 PEABODY, MRS. HENRY W ………… : … 59.681 POPLEY, H. A •••.•.•.••…..•..•••••••••••• 251 CLARK, HOWARD A …………………….. 917 PORTER, MARY CLOKE>' •••..•••••..•.••..••••• 851 POUT, GRACE PETTMAN ••.•••..••..•••••••••• 171 COCHRAN,. JEAN CARTER………………… 52 PUTNEY, ETHEL W •••••.•.••••••..••••••••• 762 COFFIN, .ttENRY SLOANE •••••••••….•••••••• 425 REIS, ALVARO ••••••••••••…••..••••••••••• 287 RIGGSM: MARY ••••••••••…••••.•••••.•••••• 182 CONGER, SIDNEY S .•••…•.•………….. ·. 905 ROE, RS. WALTER C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 ROHOLD, S. B •••••••••••.••.••.••••••••.••• 527 COOKE, WM. B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 ROSSMAN, MRS. PHILIP M ••..••••.•••••••••• 858 ROUSE, RUTH ••••••••..••.••.••.•••••••••• 273 COOPER, CLAYTON SEDGWICK •••••••••••.••••• 844 SCHIEFFELIN, W,LLIAM J … " •.•••••••••• '" 29 COUYUMDJOPOULOS, EUSTACE ••.•..•..•.••••• 759 SCOTT, CHARLES E …………………….. 571 Cl<AWFORP, DAN ••••••••••••••…•….•.••• 236 SMITH, ARTHUR H……………………. 578 CRONK, lV1RS. E. Coo . . . . . . . . . . . 127. 222. 291. 455 SMITH. EDWARD L,NCOLN ••••••.•••.•••••••• 83l' CROTHERS, JOHN Y ……………………. 353 SMITH, EGBERT W •••.•••.•….••••.••••• ;. 823 DAGER, W,LLIAM M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 SMITH, J. RITCHiE ……………………. 539 DECK, NORTHCOTE •••••.•••.••••…•…•.••• 179 SPEER, ROBERT E .••.•.••…..••… 401. 409. 667 ST. JOHN, BURTON .•.•.••••••.•••.•••••••••• 810 DENMAN, FRANCIS r …………………… 283 STANLEY, MARTHA W •.•.••.•••..•.•••••••• 815 STEELE, MRS. H. R .•••..••••••••.•••••••••• 219 DAY, DWIGHT H….. .••••••••••••… ••..••• 23 S'fEVENS, F. G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 DOAN, R. A .•••••••••••.•••.•.•••••.•..• ••• 29 STOCK, EUGENE . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17. 413 ERDMAN, WALTER C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675. 752 STONE, JOHN T ………………………. 30 EVERTS, MRS. C. S ••••••••••••••••.••.•.•••• 365 SWIFT, MRS. GEORGE H •••••.••••••••••••••• 858 EWING, J. C. R ………………….. '….. 804 TAYLOR, J. T ………………………… 674 FARMER, MRS. W,LL,AM H .. 138. 217. 297. 376. THOMAS, GEORGE C ……………………. 517 THOMAS, W. H. GRIFFIT·H………………. 611 460, 617, 780, 938 TROWBRIDGE, STEPHEN…………………. 739 VANe'b JAMES 1.. …………………….. 929 FETLER, W,LL,AM •.••.•.•••••••…..•.•.••• 339 VAN YKE, HENRy ……………………. 814 VERMILYE, ELIZABETlI B .•.••••••••• 535. 699. 858 FISHER, FRED B ………………………. 850 VICKERS, CHARLOTTE E………………… 62 VICKREY, C. V . . . . . . . . . .'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 FRASER, DONALD •••••••••.••••…•.••.••••• 419 VINTON, SUMNER R ••.••••••••••••••••••••• 428 WHEELER, W. REGINALD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661 FULLERTON, AUBREY •••••••••••••••..•.•••• 602 WHITE, J. CAMPBELL .••••••••••••••••••• 221. 771 FULTO N, A. A •1••. •. .•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•…•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•. 388 WHITE, GEORGE E …………………….. 520 GOOD, JAMES 583 WHITHAIR. C. W …………………….. 769 WILLIAMSON, LOUISE G ••••••••••••••••••••• 163 GRAY, JAMES M ………………………. 142 WILSON, BERT •••••••••••••..•••••••••••••• 351 WIIIGHT, FUDERICI< H ………………….. 589 GULICK, SIDNEY L •••.•••• , •••.•…••••••••• 141 ZWIulltR, SAllUEL M …•.•..••.•••…••• 261, 450 HALSEY, A. W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 HARRINGTON, C. K •••••••••••…••••..•••.• 651 HARRISON, PAUL •.••••••••••.•.••••••••• 445; 731 HARTZELL, J. L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 HINMAN,. G'to. W ••••••••••••..•..•••••.••• 203 HOWLAND, J()HN ••••••••••••••…••••.••••• 842 INGHAM( E. GRAHAM ••••••••••••.••••••••••• 615 INMAN, SAMUEL GUy .•••••••••..••• 188, 404. 837 JOHNSON, HERBERT S •••••••….•••..•.••••• 263 KALA ••••••••••••••••••••..•••••.•.•••••.• 526 KELMAN, JOHN ••••••••••••••••••••.••••••• 491 KING, MIlS. NOBLE C………………….. 131 KYLE, ALIClt M ………………….. .. 61. 220 Ll!AMER, VIDA ••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••• 773 LavI)Jso,,; ISAAC •••••••••••••.•••••••••••• 913

SUBJECTS* PAGE PAGE Abyssinia Still Has Coptic Rule •………… 710 American Citizens. S'ome Oriental (a). G. W. Afghans in Persia, Work for. ..•……..••.. 869 Hinman •••…….•……………….. 203 AFRICA, Buried Like a Cbief in ……….. 383 – Indian Commission Urged……………. 70 – Call of ……………………..•••… 143 – Sunday School Union, Centennial…….. 69 =~~~e,f;:io~nf:~r.. ~~: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :: 23~ – Work for Lepers …………………… 792 Americans Who Had Never Heard of Christ. 791 – Conference of Native Workers ……….. 797 America's Entrance into the War '0' •••••••• , 322 = .::::::::::::::::::::::::::: m – Darkest, Church Growth ~in ………….. 235 ~:~~oXb~un Andes, On Top of the (al. S. G. Inman… 837 Andong Colportage and its Results (a). J. Y.

Crothers ………………………… 353 – German Mission in Southwest. ……….. 152 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. In the ………….. 797 – Gifts in Central……………………. 312 .Anti-Christian Magazine in Japan ……….. 388 – Handicapped Schools in……………… 382 Arab and His, Haunts (a). P. Harrison …. 731 – Home Missions in South ……………. 152 ARABIA, Descendants of the Crusaders In. 625 – Indian Christians Help Soldiers in …… 312 – Hejaz Kingdom ………….•………• 786 – Interned· Missionaries in…………….. 78 – Series of Incidents and Pen Pictures from -Largest C. E. Society in World in …….. 311 (a). Paul Harrison …….•………•. 731 – Load of Bibles in the Bush ……….. ,.. 543 Arabic in China ………………. _….. , 630 – Missionary Experiences Among the Senga ARGENTINA. Bible Coach in …•..•…… 795 (a). D. Fraser …………………… 419 — Facts About ……….. '…•….•…•…• 223 – Newspaper Evangelism in ……………. ~ n3966 ::::::::::::::::::::::::: m – Missionary Occupation of (a). Burbon St. – Prayer for ………………….•…..

_ Je~';lnSt~ti~~· i~: – Religious Conditions in (al. Clayton S. Cooper ………………… _.•…..•. 844 – Opportunity on the Niger ……………. 151 – Prison. Work for Women in Egypt …..• 235 ARMENIA and Syria, Ten Millions for Re- – Privations in War Time ……………. ; 797 lief in ……………………•……. 473 – Progress in West …………………… 633 -175,000 Orphans in …………..•.. _…. 477 – Rubber for Rum in …………………. 151 – Rescue of ………………….•……• 808 _ "Sasswood Test" in………………… 543 – What of the Night in (a). George E. White ………………………..•.• 520 – Schools in Moslem ……….•……….• 875 – Shortage of Medicines in……………. 633 Armenian Gratitude _…………………. 784 – South, Education in ………………… 236 – Need Increasing ………. _.. _…. _. . .• 149 – South, Salvation Arn'lL in………….. 383 – Patriarch, Action Against the ………..• '149 – Statistics of Protestant Missions at Work in 814 – Relief ………………….•..••…… 309 – The Dark Side of the Dark Continent. – Relief Continues. ………………….. 625 R. H. Milligan. • . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . .. 891 – Situation. Bryce on the. _.. _… _.•…..•• 268 – Unique Amulet in ………………….. 234 ASIA MINOR, Greeks in ……………..• 784 – War Experience in East. Kala ……….. 526 –New Openings in ……………….. 74 – War R~sul.~s i,r;.: …………………… 875 – Some Impressions of (a). H. S. Coffin .. 425 – West, EhJah m ………………….. 312 Assam, Marriage Tie in……………….. 302 – West, StUdying French in ……………. 711 Australian Soldiers and Sailors Eye-witnesses African Christians, Growth Among………. 542 of Missionar)-C Work ……. : ………. , 237 – Mothers, For ……………………… 383 AUSTRIA, One Effect of War In ••••••• _ •.• 476 – Prayers .•…………………………. 876 Baffinland. Eskimo of………………….. 227 – Secretary's Work …………………. 711 Bagd~d,. Fall of. .. ',' ………………… _. 709 – Tribes, Making Headway in………….. 632 – M,SSIOn Property Destroyed. . . . . . . • . . . . . .. 945 Africans Learning French ………………. 955 – Need and Opportunity in ………•…… 150 -Problem of AlIens in. James 1. Vance …. 929 Baltimore Campaign, Remarkable (a). G. C.

Afro-American Synod …………………. 713 Thomas …………………………. 515 ALASKA, Pioneer Life Farthest North . . . . . . 156 BAPTIST Home Mission Schools . . . . . . . . . . 394 – Progress in ……………………….. 875 – Work for Indians ………………….• 874 – Where Everyone Goes to Church in …… 607 BASEL Missionary Society ……… ,…… 477 Alaskan Anniversary …….. ,…………. 772 – Missions, Work of the ………………• 398 Alcobolism in South America………….. 863 Battle Creek Conferences on Medical Mis- Algeria in Paris…………….. . . . . . . . . . .. 717 sions …………………………… 69 Albania, Appeals for Poland, and……….. 73 Beirut, Syrian Protestant College from the Inside (a). E. Couyumdjopoulos …..• 759 Alcohol in British Isles, War Arguments Against •………………………… 72 BELGIAN Relief in Holland …. : ……… 314 Alexandria, Christmas Ship at………….. 228 – Soldiers, Evangelizing the (a). Mrs. R.

AMERICA, Bohemians in ……………… 793 C. Norton ……………….•…….• 33 – A Christmas with Chinese Americans in. 909 . . Soldiers in L?nddn ………………… 795 – Chinese Students in ………………… 154 – Y. M. C. A. III Danger. …………….. 158 -Chinese Students in ,(a). T. T. Lew …. 440 Belgium. Nigerian Gifts to ……………… 543 – Church Federation Work in…………. 86 – From Ceylon to…………………… 301 – Ente~prising. Congregation in ………….. 474 Bengal, Winning Moslems in……………. 708 – ForeIgners ln …………………….. 873 Berea College, New Buildings for………. 70 – How to Reach Italians in (a). F. H. Berlin, Islam in •…………………….• 476 Wright .•••……………………… 589 BEN ARES, Thieves of..,., … " ………. 923 – In a Pacific Coast Harbor in………… 714 BEST METHODS DEPARTMENT, Edited by Belle M. Brain ………………… _ 63 – Keep Christ, Can (a). H. S. Johnson …. 263 – Negroes' Migration Northward ……….. 645 – – for Mission Study (a). Mrs. N. C. – Oriental Students in ……………….. 472 King ………………………….•.. 131 – To Protect Training Camps in……….. 555 BIBLE Lands, Y. M. C. A. in ………..• 869 – Traveling School House in (b). Lee Mc- – A Hand Written ….•• _. . • . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 953 685 – Greece, a Country without the _. __ … _..•• 866 ::::: Crae 329 – Immigrants to Read the …..•………… 473 American i::h·r;~ti~~itY•. 'S~,;;" 'p~;il~ . t~: -Church Gains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 – i n Chosen (a). W. C. Erdman …… 675. 752 * (a) indicates an article over 3 pages in length; the letter (b) a brief article from one to three pa,ges in length. All other subjects indexed are less than one page in length. The number of the month +- + when any given article appeared may be found by dividing the number of the page by 80 and adding 1 til the unit 10 obtained. For example: page 548 80 = 6. 1 =7 (July).

INDEX

PAGE PAGE jig Bi~le in M~xico .•…•…………••. ···•···· BOOKS. Our Eastern Question. T. F. Millard. 320a -!n Pe!~la …………. ·· .. ·············· – Panama Congress ………..•…….•.. 399 -!n Phlhppmes …………………….. – Recent Developments in China. G. H. 283677 Blakeslee ……………………..••. 320a – I n Russia … 00 •••• ••••••••••••••••••••• _ Lands, War in …………………….. 944 – Reg Rugs of Tarsus. H. D. Gibhons …… 880 _ on a Watch Chain ……………… ···. 228 – Religion in Europe and the World Crisis. C. E. Osborne ………………•….. 719 _ Stndents. Eager Korean ……………. 390 – Religion of Power. H. E. Kirk………. 80 _ Work, Facts Abont. ………………… 623 – Renascent Latin America. 'H. P. Beach …. 240 _ Work in Trenches …………………. 249 – Revolt in Arabia. C. S. Hurgronje …..• 799 Bibles for Hungarian Soldiers.: ………… 398 – Self-Discovery of Russia. J. Y. Simpson. 79 _ in the Bush, Load of ……………….. 543 – Soldiers of the Prince_ C. E. Jefferson .. 240 _ Into Nigeria, Importing…………….. 312 – Spalding, Franklin Spencer. J. H. Melish 877 Bickel; Captain of the Fukuin Maru, Japan – Spell of Egypt. A. Bell …………….. 400 (a). C. K. Harrington ……………. 651 – Students of Asia. G. S. Eddy ……….. 879 Bohemia, Protestants Oppressed in………. 796 – Tahan. J. K. Griffis……………….. 560 Bohemians in America ………………… 793 – Tale of the Labrador. W. G. Grenfell …• 800 Bombay Women Enlist……………….. 75 – Task that Challenges. S. L. Morris…… SOO "Bone-Dry" States, Soldiers in…………. 873 – Chinese Soothsayer, Converted ………… 240a Bonnell, Miss, of Shanghai. …………… 141 – Through the Jews to God. S. C. Kirk- BOOKS Across Asia Minor on Foot. W. J. patrick …………………………. 560a Childs ………………………….. 799 – Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman _ Africa, New Maps of. H. A. Gibbons …. 238 Empire. Viscount Bryce ……………. 400 _ African Adventurers. Jean Mackenzie (June) 377 – Unity of the Americas. R. E. Speer…… 80 -African Trail. Mackenzie (June) ……… 377a – World and the Gospel. J. H. Oldhaus.. 79 _ Ammunition, Missionary ……………. 143 – A World in Ferment. Nicholas M. Butler. 957 _ Apostles of the Belgian Trenches. J. K. – World Missions and World Peace. C. A.

McLean 'C~~t~;y 960 Bateman, . . _ Ro'~i~~d: 'Ni~~t~e'u'ti; Mason …………………………. 218 Apostle. R. Marconachie ………….. 399 – World Statistics of Christian Missions. H. P. Beach and B. St. John, Editors …… 160a _ Bearers of the Torch. K. R. Crowell …. 720 – World, the Church and the Devil. J. A. ~ Big Jobs for Little Churches. By John F. Cowan ………………………….. 960 Morgan ………………………•.. 560a – Birth of Mormonism. J. Q. Adams., …. 800 -On Missions and Mission Lands …•…•.• 880 _ Brazil Today'and Tomorrow. L. E. Elliott 559 BORNEO, Dyak Head Hunters in School.. 465 _ The Christian Confederacy. By Herbert – Head-Hunters …………………….. 798 Booth ………………………….. 960 – Industrial Mission in ……………..•.. 391 – Christian Movement in the Japanese Em- Brahmin, Testimony of a ……………•.• 148 pire. E. T. Iglehart. ……………. '" 880 – Women's Views on Caste ……………. 148 _ Christianity Practicable? Is. W. A. Brown 319 BRAZIL, Educational Progress in …….•.. 794 – The Churches of Christ in War Time. – Plans for Union in………………… 557 Edited bv Chas. MacFarland………… 960 – Problems in …………………….•.. 157 – Coming ot the Dawn. By J. A. Pierson. 960 – Religion of ………………………. 223 – Reli.gious <;:0':ldition~ in (a). A. Reis.; .. ' 287 – Conditions of Labor in American Industry, – SOCIal Chnshamty m ……………….. 396 . By W. J. Lauck and Ed"a)' S. Striker. 960 – Union Services in Sao Paulo ………… 157 -Congo Chattel. H. D. Campbell (July) ….. 560a BRITISH ISLES, War Arguments Against _ Cooperation in Coopersburg. By E. de S. Alcohol ………………………..•. 72 Brunner ……………… . . . . . . . . .. 900 – Missionary Statistics ………………. 16 – Davis, Soldier-Missionary. J. M. Davis .. 239 – Soldiers, Opportunities Among………… 475 – Famous Reformers of the Reformed and – Victory, in Syria, Meaning of……….. 868 Presbyterian. Churches. J. 1. Good …… 719 British and German Missions ………….. 943 – Fortv-five Years in China. By Timothy Bryce on the Armenian Situation …….•… 268 Richards ….•……………………. 958 Buddhism's Fight for Life (a). W. R.

– From Romance to Reality. H. C. Mabie. 720 Wheeler ……..•………………… 661 – Gateway to China. Mary N. Gamewell … 399 BUDDHIST Attit~de Toward Christianity .. 389 – How to Learn a Language. T. F. Cum- – Sunday-Schools In Japan ……•……..• 305 mings …………•………………. 240 Buenos Aires, Street WaIfs in …….•••.•.. 864 -'Human Leopards. K. J. Beatty ………. 240 BULGARIA, Storm-Center in …..••…..• 243 – The Immigrant and the Commumty. By – Things as They Are in (a). Miss 1. L. Grace Abbott …………….. ' ……. 959 – In Spite of the Handicap. J. D. Cor- Abbott ••…….•.•..••..•……..•.•• 357 rothers …………………………. 878 BURMA, Dr. Ma Saw Sa …………….. 787 – In the Heart of India. J. T. Taylor ….. 560 – Ruined Shrine in ., ………………… 870 – In the Land of Ararat. J. O. Barrows.. 559 – Temple Lights in ..••••…………….• 708 – Klondike Klan: S. H. young………… 320a Cairo, Girl Students in ……………….. 311 – Japan in World Politics. By K. K. – Safeguarding the Troops in (b). C. W.

_ T~:j~~'::~se' N~ii~';" . 'B~' 'i';;~~ .Nit~b~:: 958 Whithair •. . •. . . . . . • . . . . . . . . •. • . • . . . .. 769 Camyoun Mission, Romance of (a). A. 'W.

– Leadership of the New America. A. Mc- Ha soy ………….•.•…..•..•…….• 331 Clure ………………………….. 799 CANADA and Indian Immigration ………. 547 – Letters from my Home in India. Mrs. G. – and United States, 1915-1916. Statistics Churchill· ……………………….• 79 . of Foreign Missionary Societies of…… 88 – Mess.ages . from .•••…… _…………. 530 – The Library of Christian Co-operation. Edited !.>.y. Chas. S. Mac Farland …….. 959 – Literary History of Spanish America. A. – RUSSIans m .•…………..•……….. 71 Coester ……..•………………•.. 160b Canadi.an Church Growing……………..• 637 – IndIans and the Great Spirit (a). F. G. – Lure of Africa. C. H. Patton……….. 480 Stevens . . . . . . • . • • • • • • . . . . . . . • . . • • • • •• 122 – Mandarin and Missionary in Cathay. E. Canton College Boys are Doing, What.••…• 789 F. Borst-Smith ……………….•.•.. 800 Canton College, Conversions in.. 948 – Maps of China. M. Broomhall ……•…. 160a Caroline Islands, Japan and ….. ::::::::::: !S3 – Master Builder. C. H. Brent ….•……. 320 –Japan's ………………………… 317 – Mission'ary Ammunition ………….•…. 800 Caste in the Church ………………•..•• 386 – Missionary Milestones. M. Seebach .•…. 719 Catholic Troo!?s, Plans for Roman ..•…•••• 713 Caucasus, Rehef. ~ork in the ………….. 625 – Nationalizing America. E. A. Steiner…. 80 – The New Pacific. C. Brunsdon………. 957 CensorshIp, Pubhclty and……………••.• 646 – Origin and History of the Federal Coundl CENTR~L .AMERICA, Bishop for …••••• 157 of Churches of Christ in America. E. B. Sanford ……………………… 319 -..,… Unz.on In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862 – CommIttee Notes ………………….. 300

PAGE PAGll Ceylon, Story from …………..•…….. 230 Chinese in Samoa ….•..•……………… 479 _ to Belgium, From ……: … : ………… 301 – New Testament ……………………. 305 _ Why the Priests are AnxIOus In ……… " 627 – Mental Revolution …………•……… 402 – Moslem Converted …………………. 144 Challenge of a Great Task. Belle J. Allen 298, 376 _ to Advance ……………. : …. : ….. :. 12 – Republic Profitable Investment ……….• 144 Chapg, Mr., of tMheissCrJy. stca.l Spring VIllage In 52 – Rivers, Along ……………. . . . . . . . . . •. 706 China (a). Carter .•……… – Short Cut to ……….•……………. 630 Chautauqua, Home Missions at. Mrs. G. H. – Shorthand for the ………………….. 553 Swift .•…•……………………… 858 – Social Changes Among the ….. :……… 83 Chicago Hebrew Missi?n.: ……………… 636 – Students in America …………..•….. 154 – – i n America (a). T. T. Lew …..•….. 440 _ Rousing a Commumty In.· .. ···••••······ 634 _ Y. M. C. A. Missions ……. ··.· .. ······· 69 – Taels, Dollars Instead of ……………. 467 Chief in Africa, Buried Like a. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 383 – Women Get New Outlook …………… 388 Child Murder to Al?pease God~………… 946 – Women Leaders, Training …………… 246 Child Welfare ExhibIt, ?hangha.1..: ……… 789 – Women, New Magazine for ………….. 468 – Women, Open Door for (a). Miss F. R. Childhood in Ecuador, Sms Agamst ………. 864 _ W~!aa~'~ . S~·c~~~~ . ::: ::::: :::::::::: ::: :: 107 CHILDREN, Christian Literature for Other Women and (b). MISS A. M. Kyle…… 61 _ War and the. R. E. Speer. ………….. 567 CHOSEN, (Korea) Bible in (a). W. C. 948 CHINA, Arabic in …………………… 630 Er.dman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675, 752 – Chnstlan College …………………… 7()4 _ Awakening of ……………………… 8 _ Bible Class of Officials in ……………. 552 – HConfession Meetings" in ……………. 471 _ Campaign for Moslems in …………… 725 – Day's Work for the Church in ……….. 791 _ Challenge of ……………. :……….. 304 – Kim's Zero Marks ………….•…….. 631 – Preaching Competition in …………… 307 _ Christian Unity Demonstrated. m 304 _ Consequences of a Temple FITe………. 949 – Problems of ………………………. 7 _ Conversions in Canton Colle!:e. . . . . . . . . . .. 948 – Training Christian Workers in ………… 389 _ Cooperation with Non-Christians in……. 705 – Widespread Suffering in …………….. 704 _ Disturbances in Cben-tu …………….. 469 Christ? Is the World Turning to ……•…. 167 _ Education vs. Plural Marriages …•……. , 949 CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR, Growth of …… 69 _ Fears from America, What ………….. 551 – – Society in the World in Africa, Largest 311 – Endeavorers, Japanese ………………. 631 _ Foot-Binding Still Common in ……….. 145 Christianity Has Given Japan, What (b). O. _ Glimpses of Ginling. Miss F. Mead …… 460 .Cary ……………………………. 689 _ Greek Church Missions in …………… 3()5 Chnstmas Ship at Alexandria …………… 228 _ Heathenism as it Works Out in ……… 552 – With Chinese Maidens in America …… (a)909 _ Home-Made Evangelism in ………….. 468 CHURCH and the World Today (a). R. E.

_ Home Mission Work in …………….. 144 _ How Can We Help ………………… 91 Speer ………………………….• 667 _ Idol Processions Begin Again in ……… 553 – and the Soldier, The ……………….. :. 888 _ Industrial Revolution in …………….. 628 – Federation, Promoting ……………..• 810 _ Influencing Future Leaders in ……….. 304 – Federation Work in America ………… 86 _ Lights and Shadows in ……•………•. 485 – of England, United Free …………… 72 – Program, Missions in the (a). By Leading. _ Market Towns as Gospel Centers in …… 232 Laymen ……………………….. 29 _ Medical Union in Canton ……………. 629 _ Menace of Morphine in …………….. 871 CI":rY C)'lUrches, Cost of ….•……….. :: 222 _ Monastery for a Mission in ………….. 232 – m EpIgrams ……………………•.•• 226 _ Morphia Trade With .•……………..• 706 .- Missions, Strong …………………… 155 _ Mr. Chang of the Crystal Spring Village College Girls in Peking ……………… 629 – Women in America and Their Sister C~I: in (a). Miss J. C. Cochran………… 52 I~ge in Ind!a (a). Mrs. H. W. Peabody 681 _ Nanking Student Evangelist …………. 789 ConflIct, Spreading World ……………… 321 – New and Old ……………………… 582 Confucianism not Democratic ………….. 232 _ New Station Opened In ……………… 467 CONGO, Christian Life in the ………•..• 543 _ New Vices for …………………….. 628 -New Work in South ………………… 949 – Go.O? News fro.m the ……………..•.• 235 _ Opium Fight in …………………… 76 – Splntuall:'eed tn ••••••••.•••••.••..•••••• 954 _ Outlook for Religious Liberty for (a). – Tr~ubles m th!, …………..•……..•. 151 – Umte~ Work tn the ………………… 478 A. H. Smith …………………….. 578 – Pay,. Do Missions in. J. Arnold ……… 130 Constantinople College for Girls…………. 74 – – ~oe~ on .•………………………. 869 _ POSSIble Menace of ……………..•… 788 _ Print and Progress in …….. ',' . . . . . . . .. 726 Conshtuh?n of the Woman's Federation ..•. 297 _ Public Health Work in ……………… 468 Const,uct!ve Warfare …………………. 890 _ Ouiet Evangelism in ……………….. 81 Contnbuhons, European Missionary ……..• 397 _ Refuge in Mission Compounds in……… 76 COqPERATION Among Italians, Venture _ Religious Liberty Adopted for ……….. 806 . tn (b). U. L. Mackey ……………… 595 – 10 Cuba……………………….. 156 – Reminder of. Boxer l?a~~ !n ………….. 705 _ Results of HammerIng In …•……..• 388 – With Non-Christians in China …….. :.:: 705 _ Rev. W. A. P. Martin, of (a). A. J. Brown 195 Corbett, Rev. Dr. Hunter, Fifty Years in _ Saving the Idol's "Face" in …………. 705 C~efoo ………………………….. 469 _ Simplified Reading for ……………… 551 CounCIl of Women for Home Missions 535 _ Some Relics of Old (a). C. E. Scott…… 571 Crisis, Missions and the Present. …. ::::::: 241 _ Sunday-School Work in …………….. 871 Cuba, Cooperation in .•.•…………….•. 156 _ Training for Soul Winners in ……….. 551 – Crowded School in ………•………..• 71 _ Union Services in a Temple in ……….. 7()6 – Low Ideals in …………………..•.. 638 Culture of Missionary Interest (a). R. H. – Valnable Additions to Church in …….. 145 _ Why Should Missionaries Fight Fire in … 231 Brennecke ……………………….. 608 DDEalr'k¥llS'id~ean of the Dark Continent R H – Work for Moslems in ………………. 807 …… ….. ………. . .- … – Yale Hospital in …………………… 789 . . . . . : 891 China's Primary Need ………………… 23 – Unrest and Missions ……………….. 561 – Baring-Gould. Rev. Baring ……….. 8~5786 – Bickel, Captain, of Japan ………… :::: Chinese Attack Immorality ….•……….. 144 _ Boys, Christian Work for …………… 145 – Brewster, Dr. Wm. N., of China……… 78 _ Campaign, National ………………… 643 – Brown, Dr. George, of Australasia …….. 640 _ Christians, Devoted •……………….. 231 – Chambers, Robert, of Turkey ………… 479 – Dag~r, Rev. Wm. M., of Africa ……..•.. 876 _ Christians Protest ………………….. 387 – Coolies in France ….•………………. 944 – DaVIS, John W., o f!=-C., hoifnaJa.p.a.n. •…..•..•. 718 – De~ring, Dr. John …•.•.. 78, 160 – Girl. at Work ……………………… 304 -DWIght, Henry OttlS ……………….. 558 _ Governmental Crisis ………………… 303

INDEX

PAGE l'AClK Deaths, Elliott, Archdeacon, of China . . . . . . . . 718 Formosa, Woman Missionary to …………• ;003 – Fagg, John G……………………… 479 Four Million Dollar Mark (a) ……. ·….••• 499 – Farnham, Dr., of China …………….. 398 Four Questions With Myself. J. C. White .. 771 – Frissell, H. B., of Hampton …………. 718 Fourth Stanza, Omitting the_ Mrs. E. C. – Gage, Miss, of Turkey ……………… 798 Cronk ., …. , …………………….. 222 – Greene, Joseph K., of Turkey ………… 318 Fourteen Years of Recruiting ………….. , 951 – Grier, Mark B., of China ….. , ……… , 318 FRANCE, Algeria in ……………… , … 717 – Guerrant, Dr. Edward ………………. 9.6 – Haden, Robert A .• of China …………. 318 – Bit of India in ……………………. 313 – Hagar, Dr. Charles R., of China ………. 876 – Chinese Coolies in …………………. 944 – Haigh, Rev. Henry …………………. 876 – Gipsy Smith in ……………………. 944 – Johnson, Bishop, of Africa ………….. 798 -In the Hits in ………………….. ". 623 – Lee, Rev. Graham ………………….. 160 – McAlI Mission in War-time .• , ……….. 159 – The McAH Mission ……………….. . – Leonard, Delavan L………………… 168 – Salvationists at the Front ….•. " ….•…. 943 – Lloyd, J. W., of Africa …………….. 318 French, Africans Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955 – Martin, Dr. W. A. P., of China (a). A. – in Louisiana, Among the ….•………… 636 – Munition Workers …………………. 795 J. Brown …………………….. 160, 195 – Protestants, Tragic Need of …………… 397 – Mitchell, Dr. Alice, of India …………. 160 Friends' Industrial Mission in Africa (a).

– Monteith, Moses, of Idaho………….. 398 Miss M. W. Stanley ………………. 815 – Morehouse, Rev. H. L., of N ew York …. , 558 Friendship, Women and International ……. 314 – Murray, Andrew, of South Africa …….. 237 Galicia, Suffering in ………………….. 624 Garden City, At. Mrs. W. H. Farmer ……. 217 – Porter, Dr. H. D., of China …………. 160 GERMAN Camps, American Work in …… , 393 – Riggs, Mrs. Henry H., of Turkey…….. 558 – Mission in Southwest Africa …………. 152 – Ryder, Rev. Charles J ……………….. 956 – Missions, British and ………. , ….. , . '… 943 – Walker, Bishop ……………………. 640 – Missions, British Care of .. _. . . . . . . . . . . .. 865 – Watson, Dr. Andrew, of Egypt……….. 78 – Reformed Board Work for Moslems by, .. 226 – Yamamuro, Mrs., of Japan ………….. 640 Germany, Day of Prayer for …………… 874 – Juvenile Crime in ………………….. 624 Decalogue in Africa …………………… 382 GIFTS in Central Africa .. , ……….. ' … , 312 Delay no More ………………………. 328 – that Endure (Poem) ………………… 290 Devil Worship in Guatemala. Paul Burgess 91.1 – Samoa's Record ,., ….•………… , …. 956 Ding Li Mei, Touring with ……………. 468 – ShaH We Curtail Mission ……………. 886 Gilbert Group of Islands, Christian Union Dodge, Grace, Memorial Fund ………….. 472 Doleib Hill, Sudan, World from (a). S. in the ………………………….. 646 – Islands, MarshaH and ……………….. 541 Trowbridge ……………………… 739 Ginling, Glimpses of. Miss F. Mead., …… 460 – CoHege … , ……………………….. 141 Dyak Head Hunters in School …………. 465 – – Nanking, China, Beginners of Work at Ecuador, Sins Against Childhood in …….. 864 EDUCATION in Korea, Missionary …….. 307 (a). Miss F. R. Mead ……………. 107 – in South Africa ……………………. 236 Girls in India, Baby …. , ……………• ,. 467 – Patriotic League for …………….•…. 729 – that Counts in Porto Rico …………… 395 Give, How Korean Women ……………… 951 EGYPT, Camp at Port Said …………… 310 Gives, Why Westminster Chapel …….• " .. 396 GIVING Church …. , …………………. 222 – Newspaper Evangelism in (b). S. M. – Main Drive of the Tithing System (b). Zwemer ..•………………………. 261 B. Wilson …………….. ', ……•.. 351 – Prison Work for Women in ………….. 235 – Nine DoHars per Capita ' •….. " …•. , .. 226 ENGLAND, Facing a Crisis in (b). W. H. – Thoughts on ………..•……….. , .••• 539 Griffith Thomas …………………… 611 God in Russia, Manifesto Against ……….. 867 – Missionary Conception of .. , …. , … ,…. 87 – Foreign Students in ………………… 158 God's Battle-Line (a). Mrs. Grace Pettman – Non·Conformist Cabinet in …………… 397 Pout ………..••… , .•………. ,.,.. 171 – Prohibition in …………………….. 158 -View of the World …………. "……. 1 – Sunday School Campaign ……………. 73 Gospel Team, Business Men's ……… , .••• 394 – Transforming Billingsgate …………… 865 _ United Free Church of ……………… 72 GREECE, Country Without the Bible .. , .•.• 866 Enlisting Students for Missions. Mrs. H. R. – Safe Amid Shells in ……………….. 624 Greek Church Missions in China …….•.••• 305 Steele …………………………… 219 Greeks in Asia Minor ……••…… , .. ,…. 784 Entertaining Angels Unawares ………….. 909 – in Turkey, Suffering ….•………. ,.,., 867 Erdman, Walter, of Korea, Idle Moments of 267 Grenfell, Dr. Wilfred T ….. ,., ……… , .. 474 ESKIMO, Christianity Among the (a). Au· GUATEMALA, From Gambler to Preacher in 794 brey Fullerton ……………………. 602 – Devil Worship in. Paul Burgess……….. 915 – Indians of ………………………•. , 224 – Educating the ……………………… 556 – Influencing Even the Parrots in ….. , …. 715 – of Baffinland ………………………. 227 Hackett, E. A. K.-Newspaper Philanthro- EUROPE, American Students in ……….. 795 .pist (a). D. E. Luther ……….. , …. 269 – M;alag!'sy ~hristians in ……………… 73 Haiti Delivered from Fear ….. , •. " .. , …. 224 – SltuatlOn In •••••.••…..•…..••••••.•• 1 Hangchow, Working Together in …•.. , …. 551 – War and Child Morality in ………….. 313 – Work for Soldier in ……………….. 565 Health Work in China, Public …….. " … 468 EUropean Missionary Contributions ……… 397 HEBREW Christian Alliance of America at Evangelism in China, Home-made ……….. 468 Pittsburgh (b). A. Payne …………• 613 Evangelistic Campaign in J aEan, Results of the 805 – Mission, Chicago ……. ,……………. 636 Factory Girls in Shimada, Japan ……….. 703 – Christians as Missionaries (a). Francis I, Factory Slavery in Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950 Denman ………….. "…………… 283 Hebrews in Conference, Christian (b). Arthur FEDERATION, Cbnstitution of the Woman's 297 Payne …………………………… 613 – of Women's Foreign Mission Societies, HINDU Life of Christ ……….. , …….. 386 Hinduism, Effort to Spread ………. , ….. 786 Laws of the …………………….•. 378 – New Movement in ……………. , … ,. 727 HoHand, Belgian Relief in …………….. 314 Fe..t.isRh.ism?, Mental and Moral Degradation of. 891 HOME MISSION Bulletin, Woman's. Miss ¥iIIigan…………………… FIJI, IndIans In •••••••..•••..•.•••••.•••••• 154 E. B. Vermilye and Mrs. P. M. Ross· man …….. , .• , •………… 535, 699, 858 Fiji, For the Indians in ……………….. 955 – – Schools, Baptist …. ,…………….. 394 FILIPINO Students ……………..••…• 601 –Week ………………………….. 699 –Church for ……………………… 541 Filipinos and the War …………. _…….. 711 – Education for Poor…………………. 541 Finding Her Lost Treasures ……………. 701 Finger of God (b). E. G. ..rngham ……….• 615 Foot-binding Still Common in China …….. 145 FOREIGN MISSIONS as a Soldier Sees Them (b). . …………………….. 665 – – Conference …………………….. , 89 FOREIGNERS in America " " " " " " " " 873

PAGE PAGB Home Mission Work in China …………•.. 144 INDUSTRIAL Conditions in Japan ……… 470 – Missions Council ..•………………..• 89 – Mission in Africa, Friends' (a). Martha – – in South Africa ••……………….. 152 –100 Years of ………………….. .. 556 W. Stanley ……………………… 815 Honduras, Struggle for Progress in ……… . 164 – – in Borneo ……………………… 391 Hopi Indians and Their Religion (a). L. I. Inter!,a~ional Fri<:ndship ……………. 619, 783 – M,ss,onary UOIon ………………….. 636 Thayer ………………………… .. 507 Interest, Culture of Missionary (a). R. H. Humorous Stories from Missionary Literature 209 Hungarian Soldiers, Bibles for ………… . 398 Brennecke •……•………………. , 608 Hungry for the Gospel? Are People. R. Interned Missionaries in Africa ………..• 78 E. Sp~er ……………………….. . 401 INTOXICANTS and Missions …….•….. 728 Hymns, Missionary Stories of the ………. . 691 – Fight Against •……•.. , …………..• 482 Idol Processions Begin Again in China …. : 553 Investment, Chinese Republic Profitable….. 144 Idols, Destroying ……. '.' ……………. . 947 Investments in Foreign Missions (a). Dwight 'Immlgrants to Read the BIble …………. . 473 Immorality, .Chinese Attack ……………• 144 H. Day …• '" .•…………………• 23 INDIA. The Agricultural Missionary …… . 947 Ireland, Mission Work in. Dublin ……….. 623 – Baby 9ir18. ilJ •••.•….••..•…………. 467 – CampaIgn In ••••••••.•••••.•.••••.•••••• 229 ISLAM After the War ……………….. 721 – Child Murder to Appease Gods ……….. . 946 – Challenge of (a). Paul Harrison ……… 445 – College Women in America and Their Sis- – in Berlin …•..•…………………… 476 – in Malay Peninsula …………………. 464 ter College in (a). Mrs. H. W. Peabody 681 -War and …………………………. 3 – A Community of Former Thieves ……. . 946 Islands of the Sea. Christian Union in the …. 646 , – Cooperative Bank in ……………….. . 548 – Destroying Idols ………………… . 947 ITALIAN Presbyterians ………………. 635 – Do Missionaries Die Y Dung in ………. . 549 Italians, Venture In Cooperation Among (b). – Facts About the Mass Movement …….. . 466 – Freed from Fear of Devils …………. . 946 U. L. Mackey ……………………. 59 – Ffty.fifty Plap in ………………….. . 75 – in America, How to Reach (a). Freder· – FIrst ImpressIons tn ……………….. . 301 – For the Jews of Calcutta ……………. . 707 ick H. Wright .•……………….••.. 589 – Hardships for Christ's Sake in ………. . 302 – Hindrances Due to the War in ……… . 787 ITALY, Mission College in Rome ………•. 159 – How an Automobile Helps in …….•…. 301 – War·time Work in •………………..• 717 – Hundredfold Harvest in ……………. . 465 Jail, Newspaper Evangelism in ………….. 639 – Importance of the Outcaste in ………. . 147 – In "The Village of the Gods" in …….. . 302 JAPAN and America-Friends ……..•…. 13 – Lotteries and the War Loan in …….. . 707 – and Captured Islands ……………….. 153 – Marked Man in the Town ..• ; ……..•.. 708 – and Chosen, Impressions of. Fred. B. – Mass Movement in ••…………….•. 9, 626 – Presbyterian Church of …………….. . 547 Fisher •..••……………….•.•….. 850 – Prospects in ……….••…………•… 76 – Anti·Christian Magazine in …………… 388 – Rajput's Verdict in ………………… . 547 – Attempt at. the Revival of Buddhism in – Reaching Parsees in Karachi ……….. . 148 – Redeeming Robber Tribes in ………… . 465 (a). W. R. Wheeler …………….. 661 – Remarkable Campaign in (a). H. A. Popley 251 – Buddhist Sunday·Schools in ……..•….. 305 – Secret Believers in ………••……….• 385 – Builder of the Kingdom in ………….• 77 – Special Meetings in Berar …………•.• 787 – Christian Literature in Schools in …….. 872 – Summary of Foreign Mission Work in … . 386 – Christian Members of Parliament in ….. 790 – Thieves of Benares. C. Phillips Cape … . 923 – Conditions in Factories Improve in…… 77 – Tor!, .Tracts .G,!od ".Ads" …•….••…•.• 230 – Danger of Compromise in …………..•. 554 – TraInIng ChrIstians In •••••••••••••••••• 787 – Factory Girls in Shimada……………. 703 – Transformation Scenes in (a). Edward – Factor~ Slavery in …………………. 9.10 – Final Step Taken in ………………… 554 Lincoln Smith ……•…………….. 831 – In the Slums in Kobe ………………. 872 – Union Work in South ……………••.. 466 – Industrial Conditions in .•…………..• 470 – Volunteers for the Campaign in …….. . 301 – Memorial Services for Dead in … ;……. 233 – War and Missions in. J. C. R. Ewing… . 804 – National Sunday-School Work ……….. 389 – Patriot's View of Christianity in……… 470 – What Have Missions Done for. J. T. – Peace Movement in ………………… 245 – Red Cross in …•…………………… 306 Taylor …………………•………. 674 – Results of Evangelistic Campaign in…… 805 – What it Means to Close a School in …•.. 75 – Results of Newspaper Evangelism in ….. 790 – Youthful Christians in ……..•••..•…. 230 – Sabbath and the Mill Owner in ………• 471 India's National Missions ……………••. 548 – Spiritual Unrest in ………………..• 643 INDIAN Adopts a School …………… .. 548 – Story of Captain Bickel of the Fukuin – Approach to the .•..•……•.•…….••• 394 – Babies, Opium for ……………….. .. 548 Maru (a). C. K. Harrington ………•. 651 – Becomes a Citizen .•…….•…….•..•• 474 – Temperance Movement in ……………. 703 – Camp Meeting …………………… .. 226 – Today and Tomorrow ………………. 883 – Christian Help Soldiers ………•…••… 312 – War Times in …………………….. 950 – Christians, Among …………..•..•..•• 467 – What Christianity has Given (b). Otis – Christians, Rights of ………..•…••..• 627 ~ Commission Urged, American …•…..••• 70 Cary ……………………………. 689 – ).¥h~t Won t)te Poli~em:,;n. in …………. 146 – "W:dely LOV1n,~ .Soclety In… • • . • • • • • •• 470 – Wmnlng Out In ••••••••••..•••••••••• 790 – Work for the Next Generation ……….. 703 – Worker in Slums of Kobe …………… 306 – Yokohama's "Chinafown" ……•…….. 630 – Converts, Troubles of ………….••.•.• 870 Japan's Ideals? What Shall be . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 – Evangelistic Campaign …………•..•..• 86 – Need and Response………………… 5 – Im~i~ation, Caoada and …….•…….. 547. – New Islands ………………………. 317 – InVItation ……………'………….. .. 777 Japanese Bishop Proposed ………..••••.•• 146 – Leaders, Development of …………….• 166 – Boys, Ideals of ………….•……….• 233 – Progressive .••………………….•..• 637 – Christian Endeavorers …………•…… 631 Indians and the Great Spirit, Canadian (a). – Christians, Honors for ………………. 305 F. G. Stevens •…….•……..•.•••..• 122 – Evangelist, Great …………………… 553 Indians and Their Religion, Hopi (a). L. – Islanders, Neglected ………………•. 873 – Officials Interested in Missions …•..•..•. 306 I. Thayer ….••.•.•…..••……..•… 507 – Salvationist ………………•..•..•.••• 146 – Baptist Work for ……… ; …………. 874 – Sunday·School Teachers ……•..••••.••• 872 – Churches and the ………………….. 474 – View of Japan's Need ………………. 190 – Conditions Among the Navajo. H. A. Clark 917 – Women Emerging from Bondage .•…•••• 245 – Gesture Language of the ……………. 774 – Women Liberated ………………….. 403 – in Fiji ……•……••..•••.••.•.••••••. 154 – New Policy Towards ……………….. 792 lava, Needs of .•.•.•..•..•….••…••..••• 391 ~ of Guatemala ……………………… 224 'Jesus Loves Me" Round the World •••••••• '177 PAGE PAGB JEWISH Flag ………………………. 718 Malagasy Christians in Europe………….. 73 – Massacres in Palestine ……………… 544 Malay Peninsula, Islam in the ………….. 464 – Missions, Advance in ………………. 566 Jews in Palestine …………………….. 868 MALAYSIA, Needs of………………… 628 ~ in Russia, Mission to: ………………. 944 – No Heathen Temple for Miles in ……•.. 231 – of Calcutta, India, For the …. :………. 707 -People of …………… _…………… 549. – ~f Lithuania, AlII;on/i the. Isaac Levinson. 913 Malekulan Martyrs, New Hebrides …….. ~ .. 153 – Pro Causa J udalca .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22l! Manchuria, Advance into ……………..•. 631 Johannesburg, In the Gold Mines of. …….. 152 Manchuria, Evangelism in ……………… 950 Junior Book for 1917-1918 ……………… 139 Manila, "We Brothers of 99"…………… 7i2 Kamerun, Conditions in the . ~ ………….. 311 Marriages, Education vs. Plural………… 949 Kanamori, Rev. Paul …………………. 553 Marshall and Gilbert Islands……………. 541 Karen Christians Build· a School………… 149 Martin, of China, ·Rev. W. A. P. (a). Arthur Kennedy School of Missions ……………. 712 Kentucky, Modern Methods Invading Moun- J. Brown ……………………….. : 195 Martyrs, March of the. C. V. Vickrey …… 368 tains in (a)_ Mrs. C. S. Everts . . . . . . . . 365 Khartum, News from …………………. 632 MASS MOVEMENT in India ………….. 626 Kongo, Miracles on the (b). C. C. Mabie. . .. 57 – Movements in India, Facts About the ….. 466 McAlI Mission in War-time …………….. 159 KOREA, (Cbosen), Anti-Christian Boycott in 307 – Mission's Opportunity ………………. 717 – .JjIible in .(a). W'!lter" C: Erdman……… 675 McNeill, Rev. Dr. John ………………… 475 – ConfeSSIOn Meetmgs m.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 471 McNeill, John, and the General. ……….. " 623 – Fruits of a Revival. ……………….. 951 Measles, Patagonian Remedy for …………. 396 – Jesus Doctrine Book ………………… 7M Mecca, Reforms a t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 0 – Missionary Education in ……………. 307 – Missionary's Idle Moments in ……….•. 267 MEDICAL MISSIONS, Battle Creek Con- – Problems of .•…•…………………. 7 ferences on ……………………..•. 69 – Sunday-Schools for All Ages…………. 471 Korean Assembly, Moderator …………… 554 – Standards in China …..•…………… 705 – Bible Conferences …….. :………….. 554 – Union in Canton…………………… 629. – Bible Students, Eager ………………. 390 Medicines in Africa, Shortage of………… 633 – Boys, Winning ••.•…………………. 308 Meetings, Scripture Lessons for Missionary – Christian Literature ………………… 147 -Church at Work (a). J. Y. Crothers ….. 353 Talks and. Belle M. Brain………… 93() – Church Life .•..••…………………. 830 Men and Millions Movement……………. 635 – Church, Unity in the……………….. 85 Mesopotamia, Oasis in…………………. 785 – Donkey's Example …………………. 791 – Red Triangle in ……………………. 546 – Evangelism, Successful ……………… 642 Mesopotamian Campaign and Missions……. 325 – Evangelist ………………………… 147 METHODIST World Program ………….. 873 – Good Samaritan ……………………. 704 – Work for Soldier Boys ………………. 952 – Lepers ……….. :………………… 390 – Missions) New Records in…………….. 70 – Pastor's View ….•..•…..•…………. 631 – Work in Mexico …………………… 395 , – Students, Winning …………………. 234 METHODS. Department of Best. Belle M.

Korean Women Give, How ……………. 951 Brain •………………………….. 930 Koreans Give, How the ………………… 234 – Missionary, in Young People's Societies (a). Kro08, Revival Among the ……….. ; …… 542 Kublai Khan, Neglected Land of (a). G. H. R. P. Anderson …………………… 63 Mexican Border, Word from the ………… 154 Bonfield……….. ……………….. 93 – Constitntion ……………………….. 793 Labrador, Medical Students in ………….. 474 Me~ican Protestants, Influence of …….. ',. 953 Laos, Spirit Worship Among the (a). J. L. – Mission Conference …………………. 714 Mexicans. as Miners in the North……….. 638 Hartzell …………………………. 437 – Fine Traits of …………………….. 862 LATIN AMERICA, In ……………….. 9 – in Texas, Reaching………………….. 395 Latin American Feeling, Change in …. ; ….• 862 MEXICO, Bible In ……………………. 156 Latrobe, Bishop of Herrnbut. …………. 956 – Christian Union in………………….. 794 Laymen's Missionary Convention in Lexington 316 – Government and Missions in …………. 801 – A Hand Written Bible ……………… 9.13 LEPER Asylum, Chiengmai, Siam ………. 303 – Idolatry in .•……………………… 862 Lepers, American Work foy ••…….•.•..•• 792 – Methodist Work in ………………….. 395 – Chapel for ………………………… 237 – Missionary Conference in. S. G. Inman .. 404 – Home for American ………………… 393 ~ Missionary Report from ……………… 317 – Korean •••… ;…………………….. 390 -New ..•………………………….. 638 – New Evangelical Seminary in (b). John Let Me Do My Work from Day to Day (Poem). Henry Van Dyke ………..• 814 Howland ………………………… 842 – Open Mind in ……… '…………….. 475 Lexington Convention, Laymen's ………… 316 – Promises for ………………………. 163 Life and Death in the Trenches (a). John – Roman Church in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 225 Michigan, Mormons in … _. .. .. .. .. . .. .. …. 874 Kelman ………………………….. 491 Mindanao, For Advance in ……………… 541 Lilliputian Heresy; Down With the (a). Mrs_ – Neglected …………………………. 390 Miracles on the Kongo (b). Catherine C. E. C. Cronk …………………..••• 291 Liqnor Traffic ……………………….• 155 Mabie…………………………… 57 Missionaries' Sons, Patriotism of………… 791 LITERATURE for the Orient, Christian. MISSIONARY Captain and his Gospel Ship Alice M. Kyle …………………….. 220 (a). C. K. Harrington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651 – in Schools in Japan, Christian ………… 872 – Education Movement ……………..•.. 392 Lithuania, Among the Jews of. Isaac – Fellowships ……………………….. 635 Levinson ……………………….. 913 – Occupation of Africa (a). Barton St. John 811 Loa Chao Islands ……………………• 873 – Showers. V. Leamer……………….. 773 London Missionary Society in Central Africa .. 312 – Training Institute, Union ……………. 393 Lord's Day, Protecting the …………….. 392 Missionary's Idle Moments ……………… 267 Lotteries and the War Loan in India…. _… 707 Missions and Relief Work…………•…•. 247 Luebo Results ……………………….• 382 – "Billy" Sunday on………………….. 525 Luther, Martin, Some Opinions of …….•…. 587 – Fifty Years Ago, and Now (a). Eugene Lutheran Anniversary Sermons, Suggestions Stock …………………………… 17- for …………………………….•. 621 – Waste Paper for …….•… __ ….••..• " 636 – Work in the Sudan …………………. 796 – Union Movement Among…•..•.••..•• 565, 650 – Working on Schedule ………………. 648 Ma Saw Sa, Dr………………………. 787 Mobilizing the Churches ……………..••. 568 Madagascar, Missions in .•…..•••..•…•••• 478 Modern Methods Invading the Kentucky Madras, Woman's Christian College………. 139 Mountains (a). Mrs. C. S. Everts .••••• 365 Madrasat·Es·Salaam. Ethel· W. Putney•••••• 762 Mohammedans, Blue _………………….. 232 PAGE PAGE Monastir! Americans in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Patriotic League for Girls …. , ….•.•. , .729, 768 – Christian Nurse in………………….. 74 Patriotism of MisslOnaries' Sons …….•…• 791 .Mongolia, Great Unoccupied Mission Field PEACE Movement in Japan …………•… 245 – 'Women, Missions and …………..•…. 141 (a). G. H. Bonfield………. ………• 93 Peking, College Girls in……………….. 629 Moody Institute, Graduates of the ……….. 394 – Special Meetings in ………………… 871 Moravian Missionary Spirit, Study of the Perils to American Chrisitanity, Some . . . . . . . 329 PERSIA, Call from ………………….. 75 Source of (a). R. H. Brennecke……. 608 – A Substitute for a Doctor…………… 945 MORMONS in Michigan . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874 – Demand for Books in ………………. 229 Morphia Trade with China ……………… 706 – Effects of the War in ……………….. 785 Morphine in China, Menace of…………. 871 – From Eye Witnesses …… , ………….. 945 MOSLEM Africa, Schools in … , . . . . . . . . . . . 875 – Greatest Need in ………………….. 786 – at Prayer (b). Arthur V. Liley ……… 751 – Light in a Dark Place in …………….. 385 – Converted, Chinese ….•…………….. 144 – New Interest in …………………… 626 – Lands, Awakening in ………………… 562 – Relief Work in ……………………. 384 – or Christian in the Sudan……………. 327 – Relief Work in West ……………….. 546 – Sunday:~chool Boys ………………… 796 – Sad. Baptismal Service in ………… , . . .. 546 – Superstitions …•.. ,', ……. " …. , .. ,.. 784 – Soclal Changes …………………….. 5 – Thought, Progress in "', ….. ,.,…….. 403 – Word of God in …………………… 310 – Tribute to Mission Schools ………… ,. 14& – Work for Afghans in ……………….. 869 – Women, Emancipation of ………. , …. 724 Persian Mountaineers Accessible ………… ISO Moslems in Bengal, Winning …. " .. ,……. 708 PERU, Christian Activities in …………. 223 – in China, Campaign for." …….. ,…… 725 – Prohibition in ……………………… 475 – in China, Work for ……… ,………… 807 – What is Lima Like .•……………..••. 716 – in South Africa, Missions to………….. 886 Philippine Revival ……………………. 798 – Lines of Approach to ……………….. 383 PHILIPPINES, Bible in the …………… 237 – More Work for ……………………. 226 – Change in the ……… , …………….. 486 – Why Pray for (b). S. M. Zwemer ……. 450 – Christian Union in the ………. , …….• 646 – Leper Colony in …………………… 237 Moslem's Preparation for Prayer. Arthur V. – Membershi]J _Twice Doubled………….. 955 Liley …………………………… 519 – Neglected Mindanao ….•…… , ….•… 390 – Opportunity in the …………………… 153 Motion Pictures, Value of Missionary (a). – Pictures from the (b). William B. Cooke 599 Sumner R. Vinton ……………….. 429 – Progress in ………………………. 884 – Silliman Institute ………………….• 633 Motives, Missionary …………………… 142 – Sunday· School Rally in the ………….. 391 Mountams, Modern Methods Invading Ken· – Wild Tribes at School in …………….. 634 Pictures, Preaching and Teaching Thr(1bgh tucky (a). Mrs. C. S. Everts . . . . . . . . . . . 365 Munition Workers, For Swiss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866 (a). Belle M. Brain ………………. 369 – Workers, Testaments for. ……………. 865 Pierson Memorial Bible School, Seoul. …… 234 Nanking, Federated Work in ..•………. ,., 77 Pocket Testament Prayer· League. . . . . . . . . . .. 792 – – – a t the Front …………………. 72 National Bible Institute Winning Souls in Poland and Albania, Appeals for …….. ,… 73 New York , ….. , ……………… , .. 952 – Sufferings of ………….. , ……….•. 159 Policeman in Japan, What Won the ……… 146 Native Races After the War ……………. 570 Port Said, Camp at …………………… 310 Navy Men in Shanghai, For . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 – – Madrasat-Es-Salaam. E. W. Putney… 762 Negro Christians in Canal Zone … , …… , .. 714 Negroes' Migration Northward … , ….'.. , … 645 – – Work at ……………………….. 543 NEW HEBRIDES, Leprosy in the …….•. 153 Porto Ricans, Educating the ……………. 637 – – L i f e in the ……………………… 153 –Malekulan Martyrs in ……………. 153 – – Made Americans ………………… 395 New Guinea, Many Baptisms in …………. 876 PORTO RICO Christian Students………. 21 – – Developments in ………………… 166 Newfoundland, Prohibition Victory in, …… 316 – – Education that Counts in …………. 395 Newspaper Evangelism in Argentina ……… 396 – – Evangelistic Campaign in. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 556 – Evangelism in Egypt (b). S. M. Zwemer 261 – – New Hospital in, San Juan ……….. 224 NEW YORK, Winning Souls in …………. 952 Portugal, Gospel in Spain and ………….. 313 Nicaragua Power of "Buried Poison" in …. 715 Possible Impossibilities ………………… 247 Nigeria, Critical Situation in ……………. 151 Pray for Moslems, Why (b). S. M. Zwemer 450 -Importing Bibles into ……………….. 312 PRA YER (Poem). Tennyson …………. 524 Nigerian Gifts to Belgium ……………… 543 – in the Mission Field (a). Northcote Deck. 179 NORTH AMERICA, Call to ………….. 15 – in the Present Crisis ……………….. 411 – – Preparing for Unity in……………. 225 – Moslem's Preparation for. Arthur V. Liley 519 – Present Need of the World. S. B. Ro- Norton, Ralph C…………………….. ·. 795 Not Half Have Ever Been Told (hymn). hold ……………………………. 527 Preaching and Teaching Through Pictures (a). Mrs, E. C. Cronk…………………. 455 Belle M. Brain …………………… 369 Objections to Foreign Missions, Considera- PRESBYTERIAN Board, Extra Million tion of Some (a). James L. Barton …….. 113 Needed by the ……………………. 155 Opium Fight in China •…….. ,., .. ,.,…. 76 – – ·of Foreign Missions Campaign …….. 392 – Traffic, Final Blow to ………… ,…… 388 – – Statistics ……………………….. 634 – Church of India …………………… 547 Oriental Students in America…………… 472 – Missions, Southern ……….'………• " 637 Orientals in South America ….. , .. , ……. 953 Presbyterians, Italian …………………. 635 Outcaste in India, Importance of the …… ,' 147 Problems of Aliens in America. James I.. Over-Churching and its Results (a). Egbert Vance ……………………….. , .. 929 W. Smith ……………………….. 823 Programs for Missionary Meetings. Belle Questions Raised by the War. , …………. , 487 PALESTINE, Cannon on Mt. Calvary …… 310 M. Brain …………………………. 453 PROHIBITION in England ….•..••…..• 158 – Changes in ………………………. , 309 – Jewish Massacres in ………………… 544 – in Peru ………………………….. 475 – Jews in …………………………… 868 – Victory in Newfo)1ndland …………… 316 – Refugees Problem ………… ', .. ",… 945 – Washington Goes Dry …………….•.. 316 – What Will Become of. …………….. ,. 724 Protestant Episcopal Churches, Missionary PANAMA, Church Union at ………•….. 803 Campaign in 37 (a). George C. Thomas 515 – Morals and Religion ……… , ……… ,' 484 Publicity and Censorship………………. 647 – Prison in ••.••….. , …… , .. , ………. 639 _ Religion on the "Zone." Sidney S. Conger 905 Rangoon, One Hundred Years of a Missions Press in ……. ,…………………. 302 Pan-American Labor Union …… ' ………. , 474 Paris City Mission ……………………. 866 – Society Crippled …………………… 476 – – t o the Rescue …………………… 477 Parrots in Guatemala, Influencing even the.. 71 5 Patagonian Remedy for Measles …………. 396 Pathan's Conversion …………………… 230 PAGE PAGE Recollections of Missionary Incidents (a). Siam, Where Missionaries Meet Tigers…… 464 ~~CMi~lioi~ loar~::::::: m Eugene Stock ……………………. 413 Siamese Deaconess, Fearless ……………• 871 :::::::::::::::::: Siam's Entry Into the War ………•..•.•• 870 Sister College Movement …………….•.. 226 Reformation and Modern Missions (a). Slessor, Memories of Mary …………….. 954 James I. Good … , ……………….. 583 Slums of Kobe, Worker in ……………… 306 Reformers Out of Business, Putti!,g . . . . . . . . . , 649 Smith, t Gipsy, in, France ….. : …………. 944 Refugees Problem, Palestme …………… · Y45 Smyrna, InternatlOnal College 10 •••••••••••• 229 RELIEF, $5,000,000 a Month for ……….. 384 S~cial Christianity in Brazil. ………..•••• 396 – Log of the Caesar ……, …………,…. 544 Soldier Boys, Work for……………….. 952 _ Work in Persia Kept Allve by Amencans 384 – Sees Them, Foreign Missions as a (b) ….. 664 _ _ in West Persia ….. ,……………. 546 – The Church and the ……………….. " 888 – – Missions and …………… ,……… 2940~ SOLDIERS in "Bone-Dry" States ………• 873 Religion on the "Zon~." Sidnt;:y S. Conger.. oJ – in Europe, Work for ……………….. 565 – Practical Work for. Paul D. Moody .•…. 529 Religious Conditions m Argentma (a). Clayton S. Cooper ….. , … ,……………. 844 – Reached, Million ..•……………….. 717 _ Conditions in Brazil (a). Alvaro Rets… 287 – Want, Sermons ……………………• 864 Remember the Missionaries ……………. , 533 – Work Among (a). Mrs. Grace Pettman Pout ……………………………• 171 Report of Women's Foreign Mission Boards. Mrs. H. B. Montgomery ……………. 218 – Morals, Safeguarding Soldiers'……….. 569 "REVIEW" and the Boards …… , …… _., 90 SOUTH AFRICA, Missions to Moslems in .• 886 Revolution and Religion in Russia (a). Wm. SOUTH AMERICA, Alcoholism in …….. 863 Fetler ……•……………………. 339 – Continental Program (a). S. G. Inman .. 188 – – Immigrants in ..•……………….. 639 Rhodesia, Call for a School in ………….. 478 – – Late News from………………… 715 Robert College-Past and Future……….. 545 – – Needs Christianity, Why ………..•.. 864 – – On Top of the Andes (a). S. G. Inman 837 ROMAN CATHOLIC Finances…………. 70 – – Program for ………………..••.. 863 _ _ Troops, Plans for ……………….. · 713 – Orientals in ……………………. ,.. 953 – – Sunday-School Popular in …………. 317 _ Church in Mexico . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . · … ·· 225 South American Religion………………. 953 Southern Presbyterian Missions………… 637 Romance of Cameroun Mission (a). A. W. SPAIN and Portugal, Gospel in …….•…•. 313 Halsey …………………………. 331 – Needs Most, What…………………. 557 Rum in Africa, Rubber for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 St. Thomas, West Indies, Churches Destroyed in …………•…………………•. 156 RUSSIA, Manifesto Against God in …….. 867 – A New Link with …………………. 952 STATISTICS of American Churches …… 315 _ Birth Throes of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·· …… ·.· 88 – of British Foreign Missionary Societies (a). 16 – m~et! Zionists i'!…………………… 477 – M,ss,on to Jews m •………… · ……… 944 – of Foreign Missionary Societies of the – N ew ODp~rtunities in ……. " ……….. , 563 _ on the – Threshold of-What?……….. 323 United States and Canada, 1915-1916 (a). 88 _ Religious Freedom for ………………. 325 – of Foreign Mission Work in India …… 386 _ Results of Prohibition in ……………. 625 – of Protestant Missions at Work in Africa 814 – Sapless …• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 88 _ Revolution and Religion in (al. W m. Fet- Steadyheadedness, Need of. R. E. Speer ..•• 409 ler …………………………….. 339 Studeht Volunteer, Fourteen Years of -Word of God in .•…………………. 867 Recruiting ………………………. 951 Russian Bible Institute………………… 712 – Church, Changes in the …………….. 641 _ Students m Turkey………………… 545 Russians in Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · 71 Student Volunteers in Turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . • • 149 Sabbath and the Mill Owner in Japan.. . . . . .. 471 STUDY, Best Methods for Mission (a). SALVATIqN ARMY in South Africa …… 383 Mrs. N. C. King …………………•. 131 _ _ Stattst1cs ………………………. 713 – Books for 1917-1918, United ………….• 138 Salvationist, Japanese …..•…………… 146 SUDAN Commission ………………..•. 542 Samoa, Chmese in …………………… · 479 – An Oasis in………………………. 954 Samoan Church, Strong……………….. ~~~ – Lutheran Work in the …………..•.•. 796 Samoa's Record Gifts …………….. , … . – Moslem or Christian ………………•. 327 San Francisco, Cleaning up……………. 473 – News from Khartum ……………….. 632 Schedule, Missions Working on ………… 648 – Sunday-Schools in the………………. 633 Scri:Qt~re Lessons for MlsslOnary Talks and, – World from Doleib Hill (a). Stephen Meetings. Bell M. Brain ………….. 930 Trowhridge ……………………..• 739 Scudder's; Ida, Three Calls in the Night (a). SUMMER SCHOOLS and Conferences. Miss, Mrs. E. C. Cronk …………………. 127 C. E. Vickers ………………….•• 62 Second Line of Defense (a). Louise G. – – of Missions and Conferences, 1917 ….•• 300 Williamson …………………….. , 763 – – SummC!ry, C!f •• '1; . .' . ';,' . . . • . • . • . • • • • •• 780 Sunday on MisslOns, B1lly…. . . . . . . . . . . .. 525 Seed Thoughts for Missionary Addresses .. 142, 380, 539 Sunday-School Campaign in England…….. 73 Senga, Missionary Experiences Among the (a). – Centennial .. . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • 69 Donald Fraser …………………… 419 – Leaders, Training ………………..•. 472 Sermon Outline …………………… 142, 221 – Popular in South America ………….•• 317 Seventh-Day Adventists, Giving by………. 226 – Rally in the Philippines …………….• 391 Shanghai Child Welfare Exhibit …………. , 789 – Teachers, Japanese ………………… 872 – For Navy Men in ………………….. 387 – Work in China …………………….. 871 – Strangers in ……………………… 550 Shantung, Encouragements in………….. 82 – Work in Japan, National. …………•.. 389 Shorthand for the Chinese_ .•…………… 553 Sunday-Schools and the Syrians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951 SIAM, Afraid of the Dragon in………… 627 – in the Far East…………………….. 83 -An Ally …………………………. 707 – In the Sudan ………………………. 633 – Bihle for the Kamoo People ………….. 947 – Junior Societies and Mission Bands, Plans – Christian Growth in………………… 788 for …………………………….• 772 – Christians in Student Senate in. _……. , 788 Swiss Munition Workers, For ………….. 866 SYRIA Continues, Work in ……………• 309 – "I Have Been to Hell"……………. 550 – In the Kingdom of…………………. 25 – Only the Sparrows Left in ………..•.• 544 – Investigating Christianity in…………… 707 – Log of the Caesar………………….. 544 – Mission School Honored…………….. 303 – No Doctors in…………………….. 709 – Meaning of British Victory in ………•.• 868 – Only School Worth Seeing in………… 464 – Murder by Starvation in ……….•…•• 785 – Pressing on Toward the Mark in ……… , 627 – Ten Millions for Relief in Armenia and .. 473 – Prince Visits Mission Schools in ……… , 549 – United States and ……..•…………… 161 Syrian Protestant College from the Inside, – Useful . Mission Press in……………. 550 Beirut (a). E. Couyumdjopoulos …… 759 Syrians, Sunday·Sehools and the ………..• 951 PAGE PAGE TEMPERANCE (Prohibition) in Russia ….625 War and the Missionary Call. R. E. Speer.. 409 – Movement in Japan .•…..•…………. 703 – As· Stimulus to Missions .. 167 Temple Fire, Conse~uen.ces of a ……….. :. 949 – Camps, Study and Worship ;,;.:::::::::: 227 Ten Millions for Reilef 10 Armema and Syna 473 – Coune!l of C,hristians ……………….. . 556 Testaments Continues, Demand for ……… " 227 – Exper!ence In East Africa. Kala ……. . 526 . – For Munition Workers …•…………… 865 – Elfenences in West Africa (al W. M.

TESTIMONY Rajput's ……………. : .. 547 =- FUI~eE;'~~g~;'~;' . : :: : ;: :: : :: : : : : : : :: : : :: 3~r f;in~er Missions, Should the. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 91414 – to American' Missionaries in China. Juhan Arnold •.••.••…………………… 130 – to Missions ………………………. 202 – £'1 ,ble Lands ……………………. . Ind1' Hindrance Due to the ………. 787 Testing Time of. ……… . .i~. ………. ··.. ~49859 Texas, 'Reaching Mexicans ……….. …. – sam fter the ……………………. 721 Thank-Offerings. Ideas for M,ss,onary. Mrs. – MlssIOns Versus …………………… 221 Mary Clokey Porter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851 Themes and Texts, Mis~ionary .. '.' . _……. " 221 – Prisoners, Gospel Work for………….. 473 Things as They Are 10 Bulgana (a). Inez – Program, Christian .•………………. 407 . L. Abbott ……………………… 357 – Questions Raised by the …………….. 487 Three Calls in the Night. Ida Scudder's (a). – Results in Africa ………………….. 875 Mrs. E. C. Cronk •. ; ……………. · .. 127 – Siam's. Entry into the………………. 870 . Tibetan SBuorredetr~ Close to the………….. 626 – Spreadmg World ………………….. 321 Tide is Win (Poem) …….. – . . . .. 597 – Time Work in Italy……………….. 717 TTii ftlhiis ~gASmyesrtiecma n, Consul Report fr om.. . ….. 784 – T,me, Working for Missions in ………. 527 Main Drive of the (b). Bert – What? After the …………………. 557 Tran';;~l:~~ti~;" S~~;,~~· i~ 'i~d;'a' .(~;): .. Ed';~;d 351 – Women's Work in …………………. 481 – Work Council (a) ………•………… 499 – Work of the Y. W. C. A. (a). Louise G. Lincoln Smith …………………… 831 Wdhamson ……………………… 763 Trav;i~~a~ch~~~. ~~~~~'••~~e.r.i~:~. ~~~: ..~~~ 685 – Work, Value of the ………………… 716 Trench sW, oLrikfeers~nOd verlooked …… ….. ….. 249 Washington Goes Dry …………………. 316 Trenche Death in the (a). John West Indies, Churches Destroyed in St.

Kelman ••….•.•.•……………….. 491 Thomas ………………………… 156 -TunReis~cuBeodysC' reCwluGb iviens. ……. …….. · ….. . 78 Westminster Chapel, Giving at. …………. 396 Thanks …….. . ….. 710 What Have We Done Today? (Poem) …… 614 TURKEY, Americans Appreciated in…….. 545 – Of the Night in Armenia (a). George E.

~ Bulletins from ……••……………… 308 WhIte ………………………….. 520 – Continued Appeals for……………… 709 Why Am I a Christian?………………. 688 – Half Century of Progress in………….. 722 -Men Don't Believe in Missions (a). James – Looking Ahead in …………………. 384 L. Barton ……………..•………. 113 – Missionaries, Saf~ty. of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 308 WOMAN'S Christian College, Madlas …… 139 – Cleanng House. Mrs. WIlham H. Farmer 138 – Missions and Reilef 10 ••••••••••••.••.••• 408 – Escape From Turkey (a). Mary RIggs … 182 – Need and Opportunity in Bagdad ……… 150 – ForeIgn Mission BulJetlO, 59, 138. 217, 297, – Russian Students in………………… 545 376, 460, 617, 780, 93~ – Status of Missionaries in……… . . . . . . .. 477 – Home Mission Bulletin ………. 535, 699, 858 ,-r omen and International Friendship . . . . . . . 314 – Student Volunteers in ………………. 149 – Emancipation of Moslem ……………… 724 – Suffering Greeks in …….•………. ·.. 867 – Emerging from Bondage, Japanese…….. 245 – War and Relief in ………………….. 242 – Get New Outlook, Chinese ………….. 388 – Leaders, Training Chinese. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 246 – Woman's Escape from (a). Mary Riggs. 182 – Liberated, Japanese ………………… 403 Turkish Empire, Shrinking.•…………… 868 – New Magazine for Chinese ………….. 468 Turks Hold American Pr0l:rty…………. 228 – Students of the World (a). Ruth Rouse .. 273 Tuskifoet~~ I~~:l.s.•f.o.r..t~~… ~~~~ ..(~:: ..~: .~: 39 Women's Work in War ……………….. 481 UNION at Panama, Church ……………. 8{)3 Word. Hunger for the ……………….. 142 – in Brazil, Plans for ……………….. 557 World, God's View of the……………… 1 – in Central America …………………. 862 – Turning to Christ? Is the ………….. 167 – Missionary Training Institute ……… 392, 713 World's Sunday-School Association ………. 383 – Service in a Temple in China………… 706 Yale Hospital in China……………….. 789 – Work in South India ……………….. 466 YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIA- United States, Among the French in Louisiana 636 – – And Canada, 1915-1916, Statistics of For- TION in Bible Lands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869 – – – – I n Danger, Belgian ………….. 158 eign Missionary Societies of the (a)…. 88 – – – – In Mesopotamia ……………. 546 United Work in the Congo ……………. 478 – – – – In. i?eoul. . …………………. 308 Unity Demonstrated in China, Christian…. 304 – – – – MlsslOns m ChIcago………….. 69 -in North America, Preparing for …….. 225 — – – – Oasis in Mesopotamia ………… , 785 Uruguay, Opportunity in………………. 71 – – – – Representative Membership in …. 629 Young People's Societies, Missionary Methods Venezuela, Gospel as a Weapon in………. 640 in (a). R. P. Anderson…………… 63 Virgin Islands, America's new Islands…… 794 Volunteers •…………….•…………. 316 Young Women's Christian Association (a).

– For War and for the Gospel. …………. 809 Louise G. Williamson ……………… 763 Yu Ai Kai. …………………………. 781 WAR, America's Entrance Into the ……. ,. 322 Yunnan, Pioneering in ………………… 552 Zionists in Russia Meet. ……………… 477 – and Child Morality in Europe………… 313 Zwemer's Visit to China, Dr ………… :.. 807 – and Islam ………………………… 3 – and Missions in India. J. C. R. Ewing… 804 – and Relief in Turkey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 242 -·and the Children. R. E. Speer ……….. 567