The Missionary Review of the World — March 1916

REV. DAVID IJROl- A HErWEW

MHSSR©NAJQY FHJR7ES 1. .Many of the new officials in the Mexican Government are Protestants, and many native young women, trained in mission-schools, arc heing elll- ploycd to institute educational reforms. (See page 186.) 2. The results of forty-four years patient labor and sacrifice in the Ameri- can lfission at 'an, Turkey, seems to have been obliterated hy the recent massacres, hut the missionaries who have oeen driven out arc eagerly waiting to return to rehuild the work. (See page 169.) 3. About two million Russians, now war prisoners in German and Austrian camps, are definitely accessible to the Gospel message through evangeli- cal literature, as never before in history. (See page 161.) 4. The Covernment of Yucatan, JvIexieo, has taken steps to eliminate the Roman Catholic clerical influence from politics. Roman Catholic churches are deserted, while the kin(lness of Prote,tant missionaries to the sick and wounded has opened many hearts, and large and atten- tive andiences come to hear their message. (Sec pa.~T 163.) 5. It is estimated that, of the 50,000,000 people in South America, there are 40,000,000 who have llCHr ha(1 the Cospcl of Christ so presented to them that they havc nndcrstooc1 it and the real claim of CIlrist upon their Jives. (See page 221.) 6. Intoxicating liquors, which cause the "modem demon-possession," have heen cast out 0 f 5(''cn more states in ;merica hy la Ys in force .Tannary 1. 1916. Eightecn states now are lined np for prohihition. (Sec page 223.) 7. Young Armenian girls have reccntly bcen Jlut up fOI' sale as slaves to wealthy Turks ill Constantinople, according to a correspondent of a Swiss paper. The prices ranged from $1.6D uJl. (Sec page 227.) 8. The war promises to removc one of the great hindrances to the (''an- gelization of Syria and Turkcy~llamely, lack of good roads and rail- ways. These arc now being built rapidly for arlllY transportation and will later become highways for the Cospel. (See page 163.) 9. A men's religion clnh in Philadelphia has cllI'ollce! 110,000 memhers in tl1(' past year. Its progrcss and methods arc heing watche(1 with tllC greatcst intcl'cst hy leaders in all denominations. (Sec page 167.) 10. i remarkahle revival has recently hcen expericnced in SlIchowfll, China. The fonndations were laid when the Christians prepared for the meet- ing's hy prayer-groups a11(1 hv special stt](l: of the work of the 1foly Spirit in the hook of Acts. (Sec page 201.) 11. A St'udcnt Volunteer Cospel team from Peking Uni'ersity, China, reccntly started ont rlrest in khaki uni forms arid pith helmets, witll hanners and drullls, hymn-hooks, Bihles, amI stereoptiron, to conduct an evangelistic ca1lpaign in various Chinese villages. Crowds greete(j thelll eTry- where. (Sec page 232.) Di rector of the Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel '1lission in London, Eng1and. David Baron was horn ill Snwalki, Hussian _Poland, in the yeul' 185.S, His parents vere pious, orthooox Jews . When a lad he went to England, where he has since lived for over forty years. In England he first read a copy of the New Testament, and became a believer 1n and a follower of Jesus Christ He waS connected with the lIildmay :rvlission to the Jews fGr sixteen years after his conversion; but in 1893 the Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel was founded, and ]'Ir. Daron be-came a di rector with the Rev. C. A. Schonhel'ger, brother-in-law of the late Adolph Sop.hir. This 1nlssion is devoted to preaching ::Ind teaching the Word Q.f God by word of mouth, by pen, and by life. The workers are Hebrew Christians. Thl'ee missionaries are now working in Europe t1lHler difficulties, one of them in Russia ministering funds sent for the relief of the dlstrest Jews, another in Germany. and another in Hungary. I E IE ( /",- ;-,.., . ~), ~ OF THE WORLD V01. XXXIX. No. 3 MARCH, 1916 Vol. XXIX. No.3 Old Series New Series OPPORTUNITIES AMONG WAR service-such as may never come again. PRISONERS The International Y. M. C. A. has ONE great reason for working and been able, through its representatives praying to keep the United in Europe, to obtain the consent of the British, French, German, al1d States out of the European war, if it Russian governments to establish can be done righteously, is the po- tents in many of the prison camps, sition of influence now offered among where work is conducted along educathe citizens of all the warring na- tional and social service lines. The retions. Never in history have there sult has been most gratifying in debeen so many prisoners of war at veloping a healthful life and spirit one time. Russia alone claims to have among the prisoners and good will toover one million German and Austrian ward the ideals represented by the prisoners of war, and the Central Young Men's Christian Association. Powers· claim some 2,000,000 Allied captives. Ther'e are in addition the The unusual opportunity to reach prisoners held in France, England, the Russian prisoners in Germany Italy, and Egypt-a total of prob- with the Gospel of Christ has lead a ably four million men who are shut group of American Christians to form up in enemies' prison camps with no a "Committee for Gospel Work comforts of life, little to do, almost Among War Prisoners." There is nothing to read, and much to think an executive committee, including Dr. about. These prison camps offer an W. 1. Haven, secretary of t!he unusual opportunity for Christian The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con~ tributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

American Bible Society, Mr. D. M. lllcnt in Russian is ready for distribu- O. Shelton, the president of the tion, many suitable evangelical tracts National Bible Society and the editor have been translated, men are ready, of the REVIEW. The treasurer of and only the funds and the prayers the fund is Mr. Edwin M. Bulkley, of Christians are needed to lay foun- of Spencer, Trask & Company, dations on which will be built the Bankers, 25 Broad Street, New York. temple of God for times of peace.

It is weI! known that the Orthodox (Greek) Church in Russia has al- THE OUTLOOK IN MEXICO ways strongly opposed evangelical NORMAL conditions are gradually work in the territory of the Czar. being restored in Mexico under Princes and peasants have had no . real privilege of hearing the Gospel General Carranza, altho peace has because of ecclesiastical and govern- not yet returned. While the Con- mental regulations. Now, however, stitutional troops are seeking to elim- over two million Russians of all inate Villa, the Red Cross workers classes are shut up in German and are endeavoring to stamp out the epi- Austrian camps and welcome any demic of typhus fever. The number diversion. It is an unusual oppor- of cases is variously stated at figures tunity to give them copies of the New from 5,000 to 70,000 in Mexico City Testament and evangelical tracts in alone. their own language. Since the Y. M. C. A. workers are unable to under- Most Qf the Protestant mission take this direct evangelism, the Amer- workers have returned to their posts, ican Committee has been formed for so that schoois and churches are distinctively Gospel work. The way again being opened. Everywhere the . is open, since the German govern- American missionaries have received ment has granted permission for the a hearty welcome, and report greater distribution of Christian tracts and openings for evangelical work than Testaments. A Russian prisoner also before the series of revolutions. It expresses the desire of many hearts is a remarkable fact that, in spite of in a petition recently received, which the location of Northern Presbyterian being translated reads: missions in disturbed districts, none of the mission property has been de- I have the honor most humbly to re- stroyed. quest you to please send to us, Russian war-prisoners, spiritual literature and The new government has shown de- explanations in the Russian print, to the cided friendliness to Protestants, and following addres'S: has appointed a number of leading Christians to positions of importance Besitzer Friedrich, Heinrichsdorf, bei in the national and state govern- Bischdorf, Rossel, Ost Preussen. ments. A leading member of the DIMITRY SmONOFF. Methodist Church, Professor Andres Osuna, is the new Commissioner of (A Petition.) There is a time in the affairs of Education for the Federal District.

men at war which, taken at the flood, The kindness of missionaries and leads on to God; neglected-but let it other Christians toward the sick, not be neglected. The New Testa- starving, and wounded has opened

16 ] SIGNS OF THE

many hearts. A revival of religion whatsoever between the Mexican in Yucatan is reported, with eager government and Protestantism, but, and attentive audiences. Prof. R. A. as one of the officials writes: "The Brown, of Merida, writes: present political leaders are very "To one who knows Mexico of friendly to Protestant Christians be- five years ago, the first striking cause of their sound character, intel- change is the absence of the clatter ligence, and high principles. Surely and bang of innumerable bells of the the good men who are products of as almost innumerable Catholic missionary work in Mexico are hav- churches. I have been in the coun- ing the best of opportunity to reform try thirty days, and have not seen the people and their institutions."

one man, woman, or child go in or Many Catholics are asking why out of a Roman church. Everyone their temples are closed -and the that I have seen, from cathedral to evangelical churches continue their country chapel, is tightly shut by or- services without hindrance. Some der of the government. Some Cath- people's eyes are opening to the truth, olic friends started to mass the other and they are beginning to surmise Sunday morning, but could find no that there may be a better way than church open. It is said that some are the only one they ever really knew.

kept open, for it is not the aim of Without doing injustice to the Rothe revolution to do away with re- man Catholics of Mexico, it is hoped ligion, but with the political intrigues that the Evangelical Christians will of the clergy and their exploitation have a benevolent and predominating of poor, ignorant people. The new influence in the regeneration of Mex- government seems determined to ex- ICO.

tirpate every vestige of clerical power in politics, and it has the middle THE NATIONAL MISSIONARY classes with it, heart and fist. CAMPAIGN "Last week the great, aristocratic GREAT audiences of men are re- church of Merida was swept clean ported in attendance at all the of its last idol, and turned over to conventions of the Laymen's Mission- the Students' League of Yucatan for ary Movement. In Chicago there its assembly room. A certain Mexi- were 4,557' paid registered delegates can, whose hands were still covered from over twenty denominations. In with the. dust of the idols he had Boston there were over I,OOO dele- been helping to smash, said to a gates from one denomination alone.

friend of mine, 'We saved a few In Fargo, North Dakota, with a popu- images, which we are going to take lation of only 20,000, there were to the public schools, and standing 1,300 delegates.

them up before the children, say, The results of these conventions "Here you see what a santo looks are most encouraging. Not only are like, and now you see how he can be men awakened to their responsibility destroyed," then with a hammer the for Christian work at home and image will be pounded to pieces be- abroad, but in many churches syste- fore the eyes of the children.' " matic mission study has been inatt- There is, of course, no alliance gurated, and every-member canvass

programs for the increase of gifts. the problem of local church efficiency.

After the Chicago Convention there The permanence of the work is pro- was a week of missionary education vided for by the organization of for six Episcopal churches, and an "follow-up" committees in every con- every-member canvass showed an in- vention area.

crease of $10,000 in gifts for con- Great preparations are being made gregational expenses and for mIS- for the National Convention in Wash- sions. New members were also add- ington, D.C., in April.

ed to the churches.

Here are some of the results re- AMERICAN HOME MISSION LEADERS ported from a few of the conventions IN CONFERENCE already held; HOME and foreign missionary Ninety-five per cent. of the dele- leaders hold their council of gates to the Boston Convention were spiritual peace and war during the laymen. Only 125 ministers regis- second week in January, when re- tered as delegates. ports are given by various commit- The Columbia, S. c., Committee tees, and plans are made for further arranged with the railroads of South progress. About four hundred gath- Carolina, to hang two campaign ered in New York for a preliminary posters in every railroad station of dinner on Monday evening, January any importance in the state. 10th. During the following three The number of towns represented days the Home Mission Council met at the Boston Convention, outside of in Madison Square Presbyterian Boston, was 95. A total of 435 Church, and some 250 delegates went churches was represented in the 2,592 to Garden City, Long Island, for the delegates at the Boston Convention. Foreign Missions Conference.

A Baltimore woman and her Many important phases of the so- daughter decided to buy an automo- cial and religious life in America bile, and had looked at various makes were discust by the home mission of- and consulted agents; but after the ficials of all denominations.

Baltimore Convention, they decided The Indian problem was .presented to put $600 into the support of a by Rev. Henry Roe Cloud, the Win- missionary and defer the purchase of nebago Indian, who told of his new a, motor-car. institute at Wichita, Kansas, where Many denominations cooperated in ten young men from ten different the conventions. The number of dele- tribes are in training for leadership.

gates shows a gain of 57 per cent. A Hungarian pastor from Toledo de- over the conventions of 15)06, and scribed the growth of his church each pays two dollars for registra- from nothing to five hundred mem- tion. Much preparatory work had bers in five years, and of $20,000 been done by denominational confer- gifts from their poverty. Dr. Powell, ences, by teams of laymen in sur- of Louisville, a Southerner, made a veys of the convention districts, in plea for his negro neighbors.

rallies of the churches, by advance Dr. Perry, the Home Mission agents in the convention cities, and Council's representative in mISSIOn also by a group of commissions on work at ports of entry, reported th~

16 ] SIGNS OF THE TIMES

effort to introduce team work among mission boards. It is hoped that the fifty-six missionaries at Ellis Isl- economy of effort and increased value and. Dr. Varren H. Wilson report- may result from a study up of these ed the advance in the field of the subjects by the united committee.

rural church, Dr. Herman F. Swartz, The united study committee report- the appeal of the city, Dr. H. P. ed that the book of studies for next Douglass an accourit of the remark- year will be "The Two Americas," a able cooperation between denomina- text-book so constructed as to combine tions in Porto Rico. foreign and home mission interests.

An important action was the ap- proval of the move by representatives AMERICAN FOREIGN MISSIONS of five denominations in Utah look- DURING the year 1915 the gifts ing towftrd complete cooperation in to foreign Missions, reported that state. Baptists, Congregational- through the Protestant organizations, ists, Methodists, Presbyerians, and show an increase over the previous Episcopalians, have entered into year of $2,186,628 (see insert).

agreement that all questions bearing This includes an increase of $423,- on the location and relationship of 300 received for investment and existing mission churches shall be $300,000 increase for relief work.

submitted to a committee of three The Canadian missionary societies on national secretaries, whose decisions account of the war, show a decrease shall be final. All questions as to the in Foreign missionary contributions location of new missions are to be of $92,703. Nothing is reported for passed upon by a joint state com- investment but $39,809 was given mission of the denominations con- for famine and similar relief work.

cerned, whose approval shall be a pre- The spiritual results of the war are requisite to action. There shall also however very marked in Canada as be an annual conference of the five pointed out by Dr. James Endicott. bodies for the study of common prob- The foreign missions conference lems. represents 40 boards, 9,000 mission- This is the direct result of the aries, and an annual expenditure of work of the "Neglected Fields Sur- $17,600,000. A few years ago the vey," undertaken some years ago by annual budget of the conference and the Home Missions Council. its committees was $5,000, while to- day it is $70,000, including the The U~ited Missions Committee $50,000 grant of the Rockefeller which was appointed by the Foreign Foundation. Missions Conference and the Home Missions Council to act as a bond of One of the most stirring sessions union between them and for coopera- of the conference was spent in the tion with interdenominational bodies, study of the unoccupied fields of the presented the first annual report. One world. The great unoccupied and of its early undertakings will be to unclaimed areas of South America, Africa, and Asia were shown on a study in missionary finance, educa- large map, and the condition of these tion publicity, recruiting and placing people was described by various these studies at the service of all speakers. Nineteen hundred years

after Christ, 275,000,000 human be- BRITISH MISSIONARY FINANCES ings do not know of the Savior of the world. Charles R. Watson, F. S. WHILE the gifts to benevolent and missionary objects in Brockman, J. Campbell White, Robert America have increased during the E. Speer, John R. Mott and Charles past year, the strain of the war and H. Patton spoke to various phases its many resulting needs has naturalof the theme. The question was ly caused a falling off in the income debated as to whether "adequate oc- of many societies in Great Britain. cupation" of a given field is to be Two years ago the London Missionmeasured by the specific presentation ary Society decided on a line of of Christ to every individual resid- policy in order to avoid retreat and ing there or by the establishment of withdrawal. This involved a reduca native church strong enough to pro- tion in the annual expenditure of ceed independently to the evangeliza- $32,500, and an annual increase in tion of its own people. All agreed income for a period of three years with Dr. Speer, that the foundation of $50,000 a year, which was the and cultivation of a native self pro- minimum required to finance its expagating church does not exclude the isting work with a clean balancefundamental purpose of the mission- sheet. The churches endorsed this ary to preach the gospel to all people decision by supplying the first instalin every land. ment of $50,000 in the first year. Then came the war, and an immedi- Another thrilling session was on ate shrinkage of income, which has, the war and missions. This was de- unfortunately, coincided with a large voted largely to the condition of Ger- falling off in leg~cies. At its Deman missionaries interned in lands cember meeting, the Board faced a controlled by the Allies. A commit- probable deficiency of $125,000 for tee of the conference has sent to the year ending March 31st, and these and a few French missionaries, voted a minimum reduction in expenfor their personal needs, about $30,- diture for the succeeding year of 000, gathered from the various $50,000. This will involve the enboards. tire closing of its mission in Cal- cutta, established nearly one hundred The Board of Missionary Pre- years ago, which has twelve Europaration reported that they have in pean missionaries, important highpreparation a series of authoritative schools for girls and boys, teacherbooks on Confucianism, Buddhism, training work, and villagers' boarding Hinduism, Islam and Animism, for schools. The Mirzapur Mission, inthe use of missionaries whose work volving five missionaries and a large is to be with people of these religious Indian staff for educational and systems. A movement is on foot evangelistic work, is also to be given for the coordination and possible up. Other extensive relinquishments consolidation of mission publishing are proposed in New Guinea and the plants throughout the world. One South Seas. The only thing that can of the greatest encouragements is in avert this catastrophe is an adequate the gradual progress toward cooper- response on the part of the Society's ation.

OF THE

constituency before March 31st. which counts (in 15 bodies) 6,307,- May the way be provided for the 055 communicants. All Presbyter- continuance of these important mis- ians number 2,104,039 (12 bodies), SIons. and the Lutherans (in 20 bodies) num- ber 2.434,184 communicants. The TAMERICAN CHURCH STATISTICS largest gains are given for the Meth- HE statistics for churches in the odists (144,079), and the next for United States for 1915 have been the Baptists (130,838), while Roman gathered by Dr. Henry K. Carroll of Catholics report 187,795 increase. Lu- the Federal Council of the Churches therans show a 10,786 decrease. In of Christ in America. These figures 25 years the net gain for Protestants show a total net gain in communi- is nearly 12,000,000 and for Roman cants of 653,64o-not as large by Catholics 7,817,000, or over 100 per 128,000 as the gain reported a year cent.

ago. A loss of 150 churches is per- plexing, unless it is due in part to THE STONEMEN'S FELLOWSHIP union movements such as that of the A GROWING seriousness and in- terest in religion has been report- Cumberland Presbyterians with the ed from many parts of the United States as well as in Canada, Great Presbyterians (North). Britain, and the Continent. One re- markable example is in the "Stone- The total membership in all men's Fellowship," a men's church club which was organized some time ago by churches is given as 39,380,718, of the rector of Holy Trinity Church, whom – 14,°49,063 are Roman Cath~ Philadelphia. Since the "Billy" Sun- day campaign a year ago, the memberolics (including children) . While ship has grown to about I 10,000 men, perhaps less than half of them of the Jewish congregations report 143,000 voting age. The members are from many different Christian bodies or heads of families in which there are members of none, but are bound in close fellowship, meeting for prayer probably 700,000 members, where and Bible-reading. While founded by an Episcopal rector, the movement are the other 2,000,000 Hebrews in has spread into many other denomi- nations. America? Dowie's Christian Cath- Naturally there has been serious olic Church is' evidently dying and opposition to the movement, which started in a Protestant Episcopal refuses information. The Christian church, and there are grave dangers that beset it-one of which ·is that a Scientists have given no returns for members since 1907. The largest Protestant denominations are the fol- lowing: Churches. Commu~ Ministers. 9,575 nicants. 16,842 Baptists (Noeth) ., 8,290 1,252,633 National Baptists .. 13,806 6,108 2,018,868 Congregational …•• 5,923 8,494 Disciples ……….. 6,161 28,428 771,362 Methodist (North) .18,813 16,787 1,363,163 Methodist (South) . 7,203 9,881 3,657,594 Presbyterian (North) 9,560 3,438 2,072,035 Presbyterian (Soutb) 1,850 8,061 1,495,157 Protestant Episcopal. 5,538 1,759 Ref. Ch. in U. S … 1,213 3,507 332,339 United Brethren .. , 1,875 1,040,896 320,459 339,215 The largest denominational Protes- loose sort of membership in the Fel- tant family is the Methodist, which lowship will be looked upon as reports 7,472,108 members (in 16 equivalent to full confession of faith bodies). The next is the Baptist, in Christ.

EVENTS

March 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Little Rock, Ark. 1st, 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., San Diego; Cal. 1st, 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Columbus, Ohio. 3d-50th Birthday Celebration of the Young Women's Christian Association. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, El Paso, Texas. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Oklahoma, Okla. 7th-The 80th anniversary of the birth of Bishop Thobum of India, 1836. 8th to 10th, 12th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Ft. Worth, Texas. 12th to 14th–Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Harrisburg, .Fa. 12th to 15th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Houston, Texas. 12th to 19th-Christian and Missionary Alliance Conv., Pittsburg, Pa, 19th to 21st-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Worcester, Mass. 22d to 24th, 26th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Scranton, Pa, 22d to 26th-Baptist Young People's Missionary Conf., Ft. Worth, Texas. 26th to 28th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Binghamton, N. Y. 29th to 31st, Apr. 2d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Syracuse, N. Y.

April 7th-The 375th anniversary of the sailing of Xavier for India, 1541. 9th to 12th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, New York, N. Y. 9th to 12th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Brooklyn} N. Y. 22d-The llOth anniversary of the landing of Henry Martyn in India, 1806. 26th to 30th-Laymen's National Missionary Congress, Washington, D. C. 27th-The 40th anniversary of the sailing of Mackay for Uganda, 1876. Apr. 30th to May 2d-United Brethren Mis'sionary Conf., Bowling Green, O.

May 1st-The 100th anniversary of the birth of Fidelia Fiske, of Persia, 1816. 8th-The lOOth anniversary of founding of the American Bible Society, 1816. 14th-The 25th anniversary of the death of Bishop Valpey French, 1891. 17th to 22d-Southern Baptist Convention, Asheville, N. C. 21st-The 25th anniversary of the death of James Gilmour, Mongolia, 1891.

June 2d-The 15th anniversary of the death of George L. Mackay, Formosa, 1901.

2d to 5th-Inter-Church Conf. on Christian Cooperation, Atlantic City, N. J.

6th to 16th-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conference, Blue Ridge, N. C. 7th to 14th-Conf. of missionaries of Pres. Ch, in U. S., New York. N. Y, 23d to July 3d-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conference, Seabeck, Wash. 23d to July 3d-Y. W. C. A. Student Summer Conference, Silver Bay, N. Y. 26th to 30th-Convention Anti-Saloon League in America, Indianapolis, Ind. 26th to July 6th-Missionary Education Movement Conf. Blue Ridge, N. C.

VAN, ON THE BORDER, BETWEE N RUSSIA, PERSIA, AND

Mount Ararat in the background and a Turkish fort in the foreground Thrilling Experiences In Van BY A M I SS IO NA RY WHO PASSED THRO UGH THREE MASSA CRES ~V AN is a city situated them 2,500 years ago. One of these on the eastern shore of inscriptions was 'cut high in the rock an intensely blue lake, above the city, by Xerxes the Great, near the southeastern while on his march toward Greece, corner of Turkey in 500 years before the Christian era. Asia. This beautiful body of ',ater 5,500 feet above the Of the many races that have dwelt sea, is picturesquely located among and battled among these mountains, mountains that lift their heads from only three remain- the Armenians, five to eight thousand feet higher, Kurds, and Turks. From remote aninto the region of perpetual snow. tiquity, Van has been a loved center Three of the peaks are extinct vol- for the Armenian race, who for canoes and from the mountain im- centuries have here held their own mediately behind the city, we can see against Persian fire-worshipers and the hoary crest of old Ararat, 17,400 other foes. During all these cenfeet high. On the summit of Mt. turies the Armenians have main- Ararat converge the boundaries of tained their loyalty to the Christian Turkey, Persia, and Russia. faith, despite persecution and oppres- sion. The many cuneiform inscriptions found on the rocks around Van, Tho they have been enslaved by their have been recently deciphered, and rulers, even Islam has, to some detell of the races which dwelt about gree, protected and appreciated them. It has remained for this twentieth

Christian century, boasting of its me through the length of the village, progress and its kuitftr, to permit hooting, throwing snowballs and the Turks and Kurds to attempt, with stones, and pouring dry manure on fiendish cruelty and in cold blood, to my head from the roofs. Finally, wipe out the ancient and honorable I reached the house of the headman of the village, who gave me shelter, DR. GEORGE C. R:YNOLDS OF VAN and with difficulty restrained the pur- suing crowd. Some of the young Armenian race from the face of the men who joined our missions were earth. turned out of their homes, while several violent attempts were made American Mission to prevent the marriage of our young men to non-Protestant girls. Van became a missionary station of the American Board in 1872, The bitterness between the N ationwhen Henry S. Barnum, Joseph E. al Church and the Protestants in Scott, and George C. Raynolds lo- Van was, however, never so deep as cated in that ,city. The prejudice of in' places where the work for reform the Armenian National Church in the earlier days was new . against Protestants, was still much in evidence, and considerable persecu- Good feeling was greatly enhanced tion was suffered by those who were after the massacre of 1896, when willing to identify themselves with large sums were given for relief of the new movement. The mission- distress, the major paft coming aries themselves shared like experi- through the missionaries, and a small ences. One Sunday, when I had part being sent directly to the Head of gone to a near village to hold a meet- the Armenian Church. A joint coming, the whole population followed mittee was formed, and held weekly meetings to administer this relief. This collaboration did much to break down prejudice and to induce mutual acquaintance and confidence. The American work has enjoyed the con- fidence of the people as is evidenced by the patronage given to our schools, in which from twelve to fourteen hundred names have been enrolled in Van itself. Several hundreds have also gathered in village schools.

There has been little monotony in our work in Van. During the seven- ties the Russo-Turkish war brought the zone of conflict near, and the Kurdish troops often made us feel as if we were in a hostile camp. Outlying Armenian villages were plundered by these Kurds while on their way to the city to join the army, and again~

EXPERIENCES IN

a few weeks later, by the same they wanted, blindfolded us, bound doughty fighters, who, after receiv- our hands and feet and left us. Being their arms, deserted and strag- fore long I was able to free my gled back to their homes. hands, staullch the flow of blood and liberate my companion. We made In the spring of 1882, I had occa- our way to the next village, where sion, with the Rev. George C. Knapp, I recovered my horse and found in of Bitlis, to attend a meeting of our my saddle-bags my pocket surgical local home mISSIOnary society at case. With a little help from my. Moosh. On our return toward assistant, I patched myself up and Bitlis I was leading my horse down we mounted our horses and rode a little hill when I saw three armed SOME OF THE BUILDINGS OF THE AMERICAN MISSION IN VAN In these bui1dings were protected and fed thousands of Armenians and, later, thousarids of Turks and Kurds. during the present conflicts and massacres Kurds coming up the path, one hav- on the eight hours to Bitlis. The ing in his hand a sword, which he American Minister at the Porte dewaS waving. All three were singing manded the punishment of the Kurd, as they do at their weddings. With and indemnity for our suffering, but no thought of evil, I kept on my tho the Kurd was banished, the deway till near enough to shake hands, mand for indemnity was ignored, and when without a word, the bearer of I almost forgot the claim. Twenty the sword began slashing me over years later, after considerable Amerthe head. I was at too close quar- ican property had been destroyed by ters to flee or resist and he con- soldiers during the massacre of 1895, tinued his exercise till blood was the American government emphasized flowing freely from my head and its demands for indemnity and I was hands. Then they dragged us both surprized to receive notice from the to the bushes, where they took what Department of State that $2,500 was

THE CASTLE ROCK, JUST OUTSIDE THE CITY OF VAN waiting my order in the United States which had been sent from England Treasury on this indeplllity account. to reinstate the small surviving rem- Just at that time our Van Protestant nant-:-about one-quarter-of the Ar- community was trying to build a menian people. The district was ab- church, and with great self-denial had solutely devastated, not a roof re- raised $1,000 toward it. With $1,500 maining anywhere except on three from the indemnity we were able to stone chul1ches which could not be complete the church, which we hence burned. We fed the returned refu- sometimes call "The church that the gees till their crop of quick-growing Kurds built." maize had ripened, and helped them From 1882 till 1894 our work grew rebuild the ruined houses, and sup- slowly in size and influence. Medical plied them with material for cloth- work did its share in advancing the ing.

cause of Christ and we could feel Alas! while we were at work in that the Gospel was gaining a foot- that valley, the far greater and more hold among the community. general massacres of 1895 were being Then an unlooked for catastrophe enacted throughout the land, causing befell the Armenian people. In the the smaller Sassoon affair to be for- summer of 1894, among the moun- gotten.

tain fastnesses of Sassoon, a few The turn of Van city came in June miles southwest from Lake Van, oc-. 1896, when the orgy of blood and curred the first act of the fearful plunder continued for a whole week.

massacres of the nineties. So strict I t began with a bugle call from the a censorship was established that i@ castle, and dosed with proclamation was several months before the world officially sent to the Head of the knew what had happened. The fol- Armenians, then my guest, and lowing summer, at the request of the through him was announced to the British Ambassador at Constanti- ten or fifteen thousand people who nople, I spent some months in this had sought safety within our com- region administering relief funds pound. At that time the slaughter

EXPERIENCES IN VAN

of thousands left other thousands of fore, something for which to be prohelpless orphans thronging the streets foundly grateful. of city and village, and opened a new sphere for our exertions. The re- The years immediately following sult was the American Orphanage, the massacre were practically famine which was begun through a contri- years at Van, but the suffering of the bution from Alsace, the present people was relieved by generous conbattlefield of Europe, and enabled us tributions from Europe and America to provide for our first 25 boys and and the missionary labors were great- 25 girls. Then the Lord raised up IY'increased by the work of love in disnew friends from all the continents tributing the funds and superintendand the islands of the sea, till the ing'the industrial work. 50 children had become 500, so that during the fifteen years of its con- The medical department of mistinuance, r.early a thousand shared the sions has recently taken a prominent benefits of the institution. All the place as an auxiliary of evangelistic children were taught both book- work. But when I joined the Eastern learning and trades, while the ablest Turkey mission, I was sent as phyand most promising were carried sician for the missionaries, as it was through high school. Many of them not then thought wise to pay much have continued their studies in col- attention to the treatment of the leges and universities 111 Turkey, people. From the first a part of my Scotland and America, and have time was, however, given to native taken positions of influence in our practise, but often for considerable mission schools and college, and in periods the whole work of the America. The fruit of those fifteen station rested on me, and I could years' of orphanage work is, there- not do much medical work. Since the coming of Dr. Ussher in 1900, the Gospel of healing has come to its own among us. Dr. Ussher has A BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF VAN AND THE LAKE, FROM CASTLE ROCK

I NNOCENT VICTIMS OF TURKISH MASSACRES Armenian village school children and teacher in Van built and equipped a large hospital, menian villages, and driving out of open without distinction to Turk and the Armenian population to starve Kurd, Armenian and Yezeed, accord- and die in foreign lands. ing to their need. We believe that mimy who have come for bodily heal- To explain how this has come ing have also found healing for the about, we need to take a retrospective soul. Many who have been convert- glance at recent Turkish history. ed prefer to maintain their connection with the Gregorian Church, where When nearly a century ago, our they have exerted a powerful leaven- mIsSIOnaries began their work in ing influence. Even some intelligent Turkey, the Moslems were the ruliug Moslems who have been treated in class, and while they permitted Christhe hospital have gone forth with tian races to remain, it was only as the Bible in their hands, proclaiming rayas, downtrodden and outraged, to their friends the blessing it has and enjoying none of the rights of brought them. cItIzens. Oppression had brought such ignorance and degradation as to The Present Massacre. induce a sort of stupid contentment with their lot. The missionaries gave In the last six months the trying to the Armenians the Bible in the experiences of the past years have spoken tongue and taught them to culminated in the wiping out of our read it, established schools, broadened work, at least for the present, the their outlook and gave them a desire destruCtion of the city and the Ar- for higher things. Then they be- came discontented with their lot. The

EXPERiENCES IN VAN I75

. A PLACE OF REFUGE–THE AMERICAN- MISSION PREMISES IN VAN In the buildings of the Boys' School, thousands of refugees received protec1tion and provision during the massacres ruling race was unwilling to change powers from carrymg out their its policy, or to grant any better con- agreements, and this article remained ditions, and so it was inevitable that a dead letter. All this was not cala rebellious spirit should spring up culated to allay revolutionary activity in their hearts. Naturally more or among the Armenians. Sultan Abdul less open revolutionary movements Hamid apparently determined to get manifested themselves, tho the mis- rid of the Armenian question by getsionaries did not encourage these ting rid of the Armenians, and th~ forms of expression. result was the fiendish massacres of the nineties. He found it too big Appeals were made to the powers a job and desisted. of Europe to intervene and these appeals were more or less heeded, es- With the revolution of I908, and pecially at the close of the Russo- the coming of the Young Turkish Turkish war of the seventies~ The party into power, bright hopes were treaty of San Stefano was framed awakened among the Armenians, but so as to give to the Armenians con- this hope was not fulfilled, and when siderable freedom, and in the treaty the Allies were occupied, and Gerof Berlin, the rights of the Arme- many took Turkey as her ally, the nians were guaranteed by the well- rulers concluded that the present was known sixty-first article. Selfish the time to do what Abdul Hamid interests, however, prevented the had found too great a task-the ex-

termination of the Armenian race. taken away from them and they were Were the Armenians then respon- treated simply as slaves. Not infre- quently soldiers were taken from the sible for this persecution? Have they ranks and shot, no better reason being been justified in the revolutionary assigned than that "they might try measures which they have adopted? to desert." If the Armenians had remained in the condition of apathetic ignorance, As long ago as November, 1914, it which prevailed when the American became evident that a policy of exmissionaries began their work among termination had been d~termined on, them, these massacres would prob- which fully justified preparation for ably not have occured. But when edu- self-defense on the part of the Arcation had aroused the nation, this menians. But so far as I can disapathy could not ,continue, and it coyer in Van, wqere the conflict bewas inevitable that some effort to ob- gan, no. ov~rt :let gave any justifitain relief should come. Opinions cation for the orgy of slaughter and may differ as to whether their move- devastation which began in April, ments took the wisest form. Had the 1915. Then without provocation, hopes held out by Mr. Gladstone been unsuspecting citizens to the number fulfilled, relief would have come in of :<!,5oo, in the largest village of more peaceful guise. Certainly a the Van Vilayet. were assem!:Jled at race opprest and outraged as the the government center, and brutally Armenians were had a right to seek shot down. It was only after this relief. It is equally certain that the revelation of the government policy, Turks might have transformed dis- that the Armenian's 'ofVan organized contented revolutionists into loyal themselves· for self-defense. and useful citizens. No reasonable excuse can be framed for the Turk- Now begana' new chapter of exish government, for failing to do this. periences for the Van missionaries. Their premises were near the center Since the present war broke out, of the Armenian quarter. Neighbors the Armenians have not given, so felt that the American premises were far as I can learn, any just cause for the place of safety, and began to the ill-treatment they have received. flock thither, bringing with them They responded to the government's household goods and belongings. The call to arms as obediently as any missionaries had no disposition to reother class, and discharged their fuse them shelter and each family duties as faithfully. But the most gave up every inch possible in its unreasonable and exhausting levies own residence to these unexpected were made upon them for feeding, guests. Seats were removed from clothing and equipping the army. school rooms and church, and hun- Armenian soldiers were also dis- dreds of families crowded into these criminated against by their officers rooms, Outbuildings were filled, tents and were inadequately provided with and shanties were erected. Refugees food and clothing. They were told from the villages, mostly women and that they must obtain their own food children, with now and then a man, from their homes, tho their children crept in who had come in at night were starving. Soon their arms were from mountain fastnesses, until more

9 16] THRILLING EXPERIENCES IN VAN

than 5,000 human beings filled the however, were better informed, and a compound. The Americans exercised day or two before the Russians arthe strictest care to avoid every act rived, they raised the siege, to the which might compromise the neu- astonishment of the beleagured Artrality of their position, or might menians, and precipitately retreated give any justification for attack on across the lake and over the mounthe United States flag. For five tains. The Armenians were jubilant, weeks the Armenians of the city held and in their turn issued forth to out against all the forces of the plunder and destroy in the Turkish government. The stray shots which quarters of the city. The thousands ARMENIAN ORPHANS AT WORK ON THE THRESHING FLOOR IN VAN constantly fell in our grounds might of our guests returned to their be considered accidental, but during homes, and the American circle anthe last two days a clearly intentional ticipated relief from the strain which bombardment was carried on and the had been so long upon them. United States and Red Cross flags were shot down. Scores of bombs Protection for Modem Refugees exploded in and around our buildings and, yet wonderful to relate, only two But before the premises were fully or three fatalities resulted. emptied, a yet more unexpected band of refugees began to seek admission The Armenians found both their to their places. The fleeing Turks ammunition and food giving out, and and Kurds had left women and the longed-for news of Russian re- children in their houses, and the lief failed to come. The Turks, leaders of the Armenians sought shelter and protection for these Mos-

lems under our roofs, and more than mained for the poor people but pre- a thousand came. Here was another cipitate flight across the border in- call of God and the Americans gave to Russia. Imagine what it means them what welcome their circum- for a whole population, young and stances permitted. Food was defi- old, sick and well, to make a two cient but they managed to keep them hundred mile journey on foot across from starvation until a Russian phil- rugged mountains and barren plains, anthropist visited Van and became taking nothing with them save what interested in these people. He fur- they can carry, and leaving their nished funds for a little while, and household goods, their cows and hastened back to Russia to interest their sheep behind them.

the Countess Tolstoi-daughter of There we see a slightly built and the famous father-who responded refined music teacher, a pair of sad- to the call. The Ame6ctms did dle-bags over his shoulders, carry- all in their power for the com- ing one baby in front and another fort of these unlooked-for guests, behind, while his wife trudges by finding but very few among the his side bearing a little food for the Armenians wil1ing to serve the ha- long journey. Another young teach- ted Moslem. The crowded state of er has secured a horse to make more the premises and the habits of comfortable his bride of a year, but the refugees made proper sanitation he is compelled to see her die in impossible, and some time before the' childbirth, and is himself forced t6 Countess Tolstoi's arrival typhus excavate a grave and bury her with broke out among them. In spite of his own hands. In a mountain pass, the great risk involved the missionar- three days march from the city, the ies did not remit their efforts. Five fleeing thousands were fired upon by members of the' missionary circle Kurds, and in the panic which fol- came down with typhus, and one, lowed, the few goods which the Mrs. Ussher, died on July 15th. Americans were taking with them Her husband and Mr. and Mrs. were thrown away.

Yarrow were too ill even to be in- What had the American circle formed of the event. been able to do? The two men' had During two months after the evac- barely passed the crisis of their ty- uation by the Turks and the occupa- phus, both having hovered for hours tion of Van by Russian troops, the on the brink of the river of death.

government was under control of the Nearly all the population of the city Armenians themselves. Turk and had departed. There were but three Kurd 'were conspicuous by their horses belonging to the station, and absence, and the people dreamed of these would barely carry the sick a reestablished Armenia. But near and the children. The experiment the end of July they were rudely was tried of t~sing the cows to carry awakened by terrible rumors that the a little food and bedding, but these Russian army had been ordered to aristocratic mission cows resented evacuate the district, while news was such indignities and scattered their rife that Turkish troops were ad- loads about the premises. Fortu- vancing on the place. Nothing re- nately the Russian Red- Cross Doctors

EXPERIENCES IN VAN J79

came to the rescue, and offered some long journey to Russia, but when ambulances. So the American con- the Koords attacked the refugees, tingent followed in the track of the she met with an accident which causother fugitives, leaving the well ed a fractured leg, and the remainequipped hospital, the loved school der of the trip was made in much buildings, the consecrated church, suffering. After a twelve days' jourand their own houses with all that ney, the party reached Tif'Iis, in such these homes contained, to be plun- sorry plight that it was with the dered and destroyed by the first utmost difficulty they obtained admiscomers. sion to a hotel. Mrs. Raynolds as well as Dr. Ussher, were taken to a hos- During the months of stress and MlSSIONARY CHILDREN STARTING FOR AMERICA FROM VAN-IN TIMES OF PEACE strain, Mrs. Raynolds was the only pital, but, when the stimulus which one there of the original company came from the need of helping others who had opened the work forty- was withdrawn, she yielded to nerthree years before, her husband hav- vous and physical exhaustion and ening gone to America to secure need- tered into rest in one of the many ed funds for the college, and being Mansions which the Master has preprevented from returning by the out- pared for His own. break of war. She had borne her full share of responsibility and la- When word reached America, last bor, and despite the terrible anxiety May, that the Russians had taken and nervous strain, had kept alert possession of Van, Dr. Raynolds felt and efficient, by sheer force of will. that the way was open for his re- She started with the others on the turn home. As he was just recover- ing from a severe illness, he was

obliged to wait until July 28th, year old brother Boghos. Boghos when, with Mr. H. H. White as his was an ideal boy, faithful in all his companion, he sailed for Christiania, relations, a brilliant student, an enwith bright hopes of resuming family thusiastic worker for the Master, life in the Van home, endeared by whom we had learned in his youth forty-three years of occupation and to love, and we had high anticipawork. The long journey through tions of a life of distinguish;:d use- Sweden and Norway, around the fulness awaiting him. He was for Gulf of Bothnia, and thence to the many years a greatly loved member farthest corner of Russia on the Cas- of Mrs. Raynold's Sunday-school pian Sea, brought him to Tiflis, to class, and was deeply attached to her. find his beloved wife gone two days The souls saved through the work before his arrival, his home destroy- in Van will far more than repay the ed. Nothing remained for him but expenditures of money, time, toil to join his remaining associates, and and anxiety. But for the present to return most regretfully to Amer· the high anticipations for our growica. ing work, our expanding college, the agricultural department which was It is an unusually tragic exp~rience to make that neglected land blossom for a missionary society and for a as the rose, are held 111 check. circle of workers to meet such a Our faith looks forward to a cataclysm, and to see the work of a revival of this work, to serve not half century apparently wiped out. only a returning remnant of the Even so we do not grieve as those virile Armenian race, but to save even without hope. We believe that our the Moslem p::rpetrators of those loved ones who have already passed fiendish atrocities. The Amerkm to the other shore have found a wel- Board encourages us all, even me, at come from many who through their seventy-seven years of age, to hold help had climbed the heavenly steeps, ourselves in readiness to return, and and that they in turn are extending I am improving my enforced stay in the hand of welcome to many more America to work for Armenians rebeing sent there by the hand of dis- siding here, and to carryon the ease or violence or exposure. study of the Turkish language, so as to be ready to invite Turk and A recent letter from Russia, from Kurd to transfer their allegiance a trusted helper of many years, tells from the False Prophet to Him who of the death of his mother, his wife is now the despised Nazarene, but and her father, three of his own and is yet to be recognized as the King two of his brother's children, and of Kings and Lord of Lords. then the tears come to my eyes as he adds the name of his twenty The number of Moslem children attending mission schools, both for girls and boys, was largely on the increase before the war. Especially is this true in Turkey, Egypt, Palestine, I"dia, and Persia.

The total number of children in the areas of Islam, wholly untouched by any Christian influence, is not less than 40,000,000.

TYPICAL HOME OF THE PEON CLASS IN

The Women of Mexico BY MRS. JOHN W. BUTLER, MEXICO CITY Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church I]JI N the recent political erally well educated and have a ~ struggles in Mexico sympathetic nature. Some of the many of the palatial ladies support charitable institutions homes of the upper from their own means. Others, when _ class have been looted bereft of husband or father, have as- by mobs and many sumed the responsibility of large others have been confiscated by the estates and have negotiated business revolutionists. Some of these build- enterprises with skill and success. ings are now occcupied by the army or are used for other government The Spaniards brought with them purposes. The millionaire owners to Mexico their ideas that woman are living as exiles in a strange should be excluded from contact with land. the world outside her home. Their style of architecture favors this mode There are still rich people in Mex- of living, for the patio (an open ico, tho all have suffered more or court in the center 0 f the home), less, and some have lost all their makes it possible for the women to possessions. The wealthy class, of enjoy quiet and seclusion with the which there are comparatively few, ideal surroundings of flowering live in great luxury. The extremes of plants, singing birds, daily sunshine, wealth and poverty in Mexico are and abundance of air. The corridor not appreciated by the transient visi- surrounding the patio, on which open tor, The upper class people are gen- all the apartments of the building,

is frequently the out-of-door living Europe so that women are treated room. Here the women sew, dine, or with elaborate courtesy. entertain a few friends without leaving home or meeting the public gaze. For centuries the Mexicans were not a reading people. Education was Thus women of the higher c1as's purposely retarded, and as late as the have remained secluded and have de- eighteenth century one of the vicevoted themselves to the general roys reported that Mexico, with a supervision of family affairs, while population of 10,000,000, had only the care of details domestic are left ten schools. Books were exceedingly to the 'housekeeper. They have ser- rare in the majority of homes and vants for every department and the there were few, if any, Bibles anytask of overseeing them is not easy where. It was not till 189I that edufor they are often dishonest, in- cation was declared to be compulsory, capable, and ignorant until they are and even then circumstances made properly trained. The young girls that law a dead letter in most of the of the family, except those educated states. abroad, are brought up in seclusion under the strictest guardianship. The women are devoted to the Even up to the day of marriage, Roman Catholic Church and, as forthe close chaperonage is never re- eigners and those of different relaxed and their social life is not ligious views seldom reach the inner the feverish round of excitement that sanctuary of the older homes, rerules in American cities. Many of ligious discussi~ns are not often atthe upper class women are skilled in tempted. Such discussions would be languages, and are proficient in futile. music, sometimes on various instruments. Women of the Middle Class The women also spend much time Some think that the effusive in doing fancy work and in making demonstrations of kindly feeling, so ecclesiastical embroideries, such as 'characteristic of the middle class altar decorations and ornamental ves- Mexican women, are exaggerated try garments. The older families re- and insincere. But to those of us tain a certain pride and dignity es- who have lived under such influences, pecially when they become city resi- it is heart-stirring and soul-cheering. dents. The ladies of the aristocracy The little gestures of affection; the are fond of bazaars or "kermesses" solicitous inquiries as to the welfare which are held in spacious gardens of the family; the tokens of appreand are open to the public. The pro- ciation so delicately tendered, are ceeds are devoted to religious or much more to be preferred than the charitable purposes. These affairs thoughtless, brusque manner of some have become quite frequent of late of our own country people. Many and give the younger element more times, when we thought we had gone freedom so that a new phase of life to the limit of hospitality, we have is opening up to the Mexican senor- been surprized to see how these noble itas. The upper and middle classes women surpassed us. A nook can in Mexico have the social code of always be made available for an extra visitor, friend, or stranger, and no matter how low the larder may

WOMEN OF

be there is always a morsel to share who have accepted the Gospel of with those in need. Christ have had a new revelation of woman's sphere, and they enter into Family affection is very strong. their life work with avidity and with Mothers are 10th to part with their the souls aglow with the Master's children even for a short time. A love and approval. The middle class lady, the mother of fourteen children, is rapidly increasing, and is the hope and herself still in the prime of life, of the nation. was persuaded to accompany her husband to Europe for the twofold pur- The Peon Cia.. pose of visiting an aged and infirm father and to give the husband, who The peon women are the chief was a busy physician, an opportunity workers for their families. They A PEON FAMILY AT HOME IN MEXICO of rest. They were to be gone but bear the burdens and do the heavy four months. Imagine the amazement part of the labor with a docility unof that family of young people, when known to American women. They one day their parents entered" the are timid and obedient to the point house unannounced after only a ten of servility. Even the aged are not weeks' absence. The mother heart so exempt from bringing produce to the yearned for the children that the doc- markets and, having set out early in tor decided to return home with her, the morning, they trot their steady pace for miles. In recent years many women of this middle class have come to be Young mothers often carry a child self-supporting. They have taken ad- strapped to her back, perhaps on top vantage of educational facilities and of a bundle of vegetables, while she they have stept out of the thraldom carries other produce in her arms. of former years, into a life of great- During market hours the little one er freedom and uS'efulness. Those lies on the earthen or stone floor

nearby, seemingly contented with the the huts with the family, and the world about it. women sometimes receive treatment similar to that given to the beasts The homes of this class are desti- of the field, One evening our housetute of comforts. In fact they do hold was suddenly startled by hearing not know the real meaning of home screams that proceeded from below as we do. Many of their huts con- in the janitor's lodgings. Upon maksist of a low frame covered with ing inquiries we learned that the grass and the one room is entered janitor was whipping his wife. When by crawling on hands and knees. we expostulated with him, the man Others have a door, but no window replied that it was "the custom of or chimney. The fire is built on the his country and the only way to keep earthen floor in the center of the the women in subjection." It is even room to prevent the sparks reaching said that a wpman measures the exthe dry grass on the sides. The tent of her husband's love by the smoke blackens the interior and the number of whippings he gives her. atmosphere is stifling. There are no beds, chairs or tables, and the only An Ancient Tribe utensils are a few earthen vessels in which the food is cooked. Their All over Mexico are found the tortilla of ground corn is cooked flat remnants of ancient tribes, some of like a pancake, and when rolled up, which give evidence of having royal serves as a spoon. The end is bitten blood in their veins. These constioff with the food which is scooped tute a class by themselves. up with it. Take one of them as an illustration: The whole family, and often it is The traveler from Coatzacoalcos in numerous, occupy the one room night crossing the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and day. Straw mats serve for beds. to reach the town of that name, has The advantages of the "simple life" journeyed from a nineteenth century may be sung in verse and extolled city into a district inhabited by an in prose, but in Mexico it has many indigenous race of people that toobjectionable features-physical and day are the same as they were hunmoral. dreds of years ago. Modern ideas have not yet awakened them, and The nation has been many cen- there is very little to encourage a turies waking up to the most vital progressive man to employ his enerneeds of her people. The drainage gy at home. Hence the majority of of Mexico City, one of the finest in the men seek work on the nearby Latin America, was only established plantations. Those who remain have ten years ago. Sanitation seemed to their little gardens and cocoanut be the last thing considered. Thou- groves, and are satisfied with what sands of infants have died, some they yield. even among well-ta-do families, because no one had been taught how Tho the suffragists have not reachto care for them properly. ed Mexico, this town is controlled by its women! The women take the Degradation and superstition are initiative in everything. They monthe allotment of the majority of the opolize the market, doing 90 per cent. peon women. Domestic animals share

of the work, and will not allow men popular among the women as ornato sell in the market place. The wife ments. Their love for them has not waned with passing years. Every A TEHUANA MATRON WITH A $3.000 GOLD COIN NECK· dollar that a girl can save goes to GUy gold pieces. The Mexican coin LACE, TEHUANTEPEC, MEXICO is never used in this way.

With all this gorgeous apparel in dress, which is sometimes of very costly material, with gold ornaments, these women spurn the idea of wear- ing shoes. Most of them go bare- footed, tho some of them wear the leather sandal with strap and buckle about the ankle.· A peculiar head- dress is worn, which is another exhi- bition of the childlike mind in this people. It is related that many years ago there was a shipwreck on the Pacific coast of Mexico. A schooner struck on the rocks in a storm and all on board perished. After the storm abated a sea-chest drifted ashore in which were found, among must vouch for the husband before A 'f;EHUANA WOM ….N IN WEDDING DRESS, TEHUANTEPEC, he can obtain credit. Most of this MEXICO superb physical race of women are tall and straight-queenly in bearing, with a complexion of an olive tint, sparkling eyes, luxuriant black hair, and with hearts of children.

Their garments are gaudy in the variety of colors that they love, tho no change is ever made in style or cut. The ornaments are invariably the same and consist of American gold coins of various denominations. The number of links in the chain indicates the wealth of the wearer. During the gold fever 1850-65, the trail across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec from the Atlantic to the Pacific was used by gold seekers in going to and from California. Therefore gold coins were plentiful and became

other things, a number of dresses for government provided a generous sum infants. It is surmized that the for equipment. women of that period, not knowing what they were for, immediately Miss Perez, another young woman adopted them as head-dresses in place who is a graduate of the Bible Teachof those th'ey formerly wore of bril- ers' Training School, New York, was liantly colored feathers. The lace or requested to visit the women inmates needlework flounce, stiffened and of the new penitentiary and the facplaited, rests upon the head, the tories in Mexico City every week, and body of the "dress" was enlarged to talk to them about temperance, hyto allow it to fall about the shoulders giene, and personal purity. The peniof an adult when it is to be used in tentiary has 1,000 inmates. After the connection with the church or ball very first talk a woman came up to dress. It is called the "huipil Miss Perez and said: "I am not here grande." For church wear the frill because I am a bad woman! We had encircles the face. The bridal dress a famine. I was hungry and I stole is not changed in style, but white and for food." When the case was stated gold are the predominant colors. to the officers, and· Miss Perez had Some have a value of $2,000. consented to vouch for the woman's conduct in the future, the woman was What I. the Outlook? discharged.

One naturally asks, "Is there any These poor people need wise and hope in the midst of such condi- loving help, they need some one to tions ?" The recent revolution an- take an interest .in them. Thousands swers affirmatively. The children would lead better lives if their ennow attending the schools will be the vironments could be changed. Until chief reapers of the benefits that will there are better homes; until the result from the new conditions. Sig- people learn the sacredness of family nificant reforms are already under ties and have better ideas of morality, way for the improvement of the peo- very little progress can be made. ple. Two native young women, sisters, who were formerly teachers in the The Protestant schools are sending Methodist schools are now editing and out noble young women and the publishing school books, modern in times are beckoning them to great make-up and satisfactory in moral and glorious tasks. Bible women tone. The new Commissioner of are gathering in a large number of Education for the Federal District is women and children from the middle Andres Osuna, an earnest Christian. ranks as well as from the very poor. As a consequence the Protestant con- A Mex~can lady, a graduate of the gregations and Sunday-schools have Chicago Training School, and for greatly increased; in fact, every some years an acceptable teacher in branch of church work has received the Girls' College in Mexico City, has an impetus in spite of distressing been employed the past two months times. A pure Christianity gathers by the government to assist in estab- in all classes amopg the peoples, and lishing an industrial school. As soon the resurrection morn will surely as she secured a proper house the show the glorious fruits of mission- ary effort for the women of Mexico.

ADMINISTRATION BUILDING AND SETTLEMENT IN THE CANAL

Religious Work In the Canal Zone* BY REV. GEORGE SIDNEY WEBSTER, D.D..• NEW YORK Secretary of The American Seamen's Friend Society I iH]. UNDREDS of seamen docks has recently been offered to are in the port of The American Seamen's Friend So- : Colon at the Atlantic ciety. Before long we hope that end of the Canal means can be secured to. erect a every night, and as yet suitable building as a center for there is no special pro- work in behalf of these seamen. vision for the social and religious needs of these men. A few ships' The Canal Zone is passing through officers make use of the Y. M. a transition period from the con- C. A. club houses, and a few strand- struction to the permanent operation ed, sick, or destitute seamen are of the Canal. The cities of Panama looked after by the Salvation Army, and Colon claim a popUlation of but the great majority find no wel- about 60,000. Outside these cities, come on shore except in the vilest within the limits of the Zone, there resorts. We are thankful to say was in July, 1915, a population of that a lot very near the docks at 29,926, which is less than half of Christobal and within a few min- the popUlation three years previous. utes' walk of the Christobal-Colon Of this number 6,000 are soldiers, 3,524 are American employees, and … Dr. Webster has recently returned from a visit to the Canal Zone at the invitation of Governor Goethals and in the interests of wo-rk for seamen. The Am'erican Seamen's Friend Society, of which Dr. Webster is secretary, began eighty-eight years ago, and has now estabHshcd work in m,ost of the leading seaports of the United States1 Asia, Continental Europe, and South America.-EDITOR.

the remainder are colored or Pana- Culebra, there are now being estabmain employees, women and children. lished military camps. The six thou- sand soldiers now in camp on the During the construction peri'od Zone may be reinforced to the numthis population was scattered across ber of twenty-five thousand, if the the Isthmus in village and camps, the views of Brigadier-General Edwards greater number centering at Culebra and Governor Goethals prevail. near the Continental Divide, which has cost the greatest expenditure of The cities of Panama and Colon labor in the construction of the have felt very markedly the influence Canal. Within the past two years of the American occupation. The there has arisen' at the Pacific end United States has spent two-and-one- A STREET SCENE IN PANAMA CITY of the Canal the new town of Balboa quarter million dollars for pavewhere the Administration offices are ments, sewers, and water works in permanently located. At the Atlantic these cities. The absence of begging end Christobal-Colon-the French on the streets near the cathedrals is equivalent of Christopher Columbus very noticable to one who has travel- -contains the large docks and coal ed in Europe, and is accounted for pockets and the commissary depot. by the fact that those who would It is the purpose to. make Christobal ordinarily be mendicants are mainand Balboa the principal cities in the tairied by the selling of lottery tickets Zone. At the three locks, Gatun, for which they are allowed IO per Pedro Miguel, and Miraflores, will cent. of their sales. The evil effect be maintained towns for the opera- of the lottery upon the moral and tion and protection of the locks religious ,life of the people extends and the Miraflores water plant. At to some of the Americans who come other towns, such as Corozal and under its influence. Mr. Willis J.

WORK IN THE CANAL ZONE

Abbot in his book, "Panama and the In the cities of Panama and Colon, Canal" says: the Roman Catholic Church is the largest religious force. There are "Panama is an old city as Amer- small bodies of Methodists, Baptists, icans run, for it was founded in 1673 Episcopalians, and Adventists, who when the Bishop marked with a are doing aggressive work, and on.A. cross a place for their cathedral. side street in Panama I discovered a The Bishop still plays a notable part small Plymouth Brethren Mission in the life of the town, where it is conducted by a native of Barbadoes. to his palace in Cathedral Plaza that The Salvation Army, under Adjutant you repair Sunday mornings to hear BALBOA Y. M. C. A. CLUB HOUSE, IN THE CANAL ZONE the lucky numbers in the lottery an- Peter Terrace, has a good work at nounced. This curious partnership Colon and in Panama. between the church and the great gambling game does not seem to In 1912 it is reported that there shock or even perplex the Panamains, were forty churches on the Zone and as the State turns over to the of which seven were Roman Catholic, church a very considerable per cent- thirteen Protestant Episcopal, seven age of the lottery's profits, it is per- Baptist, two Wesleyan Methodist. haps only fair to be thus hospitable. and eight undenominational. Fifteen As a vested right under the Colom- chaplains were maintained by the bian government the lottery will con- government. AlI but two of these-a tinue until 1918, when it expires Roman Catholic and Protestant Episunder the dause of the Panamanian copal-were discontinued after July constitution which prohibits gam- I, 1914. bling." The Union Church of the Canal Zone was organized in Jaunary, 1914,

and maintains work at Christobal, non-essentials liberty, and in all Gatun, Paraiso, Pedro Miguel, Coro- things charity." The people who za1, and Balboa. The largest organ- compose this church are a conseization is at Balboa where the Rev. crated, earnest body of Christian men William Flammer is a very success- and women who appreciate a church ful and beloved pastor. At Christo- they can support financially and bal the Union Chapel is under the spiritually. In the first three months of Mr. Koontz's pastorate, he releadership of Rev. J. V. Koontz, a ceived thirty-six new members, while at Balboa in July and August graduate of Princeton Seminary Mr. Flammer received thirty-two 1915, who came to work in May new members. The auditor of the of that year. In giving his first im- Canal Zone government, Mr. H. A. A. Smith, is the President of the THE UNION CHAPEL, CHRISTOBAL, CANAL ZONE Union OlUrch. He is, also, the chair- man of the local committee of the pressions Mr. Koontz says: "Nothing Congress on Christian Work in Latin touches me so much as the great op- America, held at Panama in Febportunity for true Christian service. ruary. The Church has been doing Doble work here but there is much land to The teacher of the Men's Bible be possest. There seems to be no Class in the Balboa church is Mr. limit to the opportunities that are F. M. M. Richardson , who is the open for work among American superintendent of the department of clubs and playgrounds in the Canal win citizens, soldiers, sailors, natives, the Zone. He has entire charge of the social and religious work that IS Chinese, and many others who done under government auspices. In gladly listen to the words of eternal a letter written August 12, 1915, he life." says: "At each of the clubhouses we have Sunday evening song services. The Union Chu.rchha~ adopted At Corozal and Pedro Miguel, where as its motto: "In essentiais· unity, in Union Church is held in the club- house on Sunday evenings, the song services occur on alternate Sunday evenings, Mr. Flammer holding Union Church service on the inter- vening evenings. At Gatun and Coro- zal, where we have a number of soldiers in attendance, it is signi- ficant that these boys call for the evangelistic type of songs familiar to them in their home churches.

Short talks are given at these song services, sometimes an address on morals and and sometimes a straight

WORK IN THE CANAL

WING OF HOTEL TIVOLI, CANAL ZONE Gospel talk. On other occasions fifteen young men, and there is anthere have been patriotic addresses other group of young men known and educational talks on sanitary and as "The Knights of Good Fellowother subjects. Song slides are often ship," banded together for spiritual, . used in the song services, and there social, and mental development; behave been stereopticon lectures on sides, there are several groups of such topics as "The Other Wise boys all under capable leadership. Man'; and using such motion picture films as "The Life of Moses." The American people in the Canal Zone should carryon aggressive At the Balboa clubhouse there is Christian work that will maintain held a class in "Christianity and the a high type of character for them- Social Crisis," meeting on Wednes- selves and be of value as an object day nights for the more mature men lesson and incentive to better things and a class in character study using among other residents of the Canal Fosdick's "The Manhood of the Mas- Zone, the youngest territorial acter." The latter class has an at- quisition of the United States of tendance ranging weekly from nine to America.

COMPARATIVE SIZE i·_·lthml~1I oixy times the BRmSH •I….

in Home

Work* " BY THE REV. HERMAN F. SWARTZ, D.D., NEW YORK Secretary of the Congregational Home Missionary Society E have made in recent ago.. The day of that kind of thing EWI years immense strides is gone. Go to any of our large in effective comity in cities, Chicago, Cleveland, Los An- .. our mission city work. geles, St. Louis, and we find it no We have not done all ·longer tried. A single church at- .. that should be done, tempted this sort of thing in New but it is encouraging to contrast the YOFk this year, but it had an awful present with the not distant past. time in the process.

For example, ten or fifteen years The second great plank is our ago, in a large city of the Middle progress in immigrant work. Last West, there were two churches of winter we studied the immigrant closely related denominations, that problem under the head of home confronted each the other across the missions. When we came to study main street of a rather sparsely set- things as they are, and to look care- tled suburb. They were not pros- fully at our own communities, many pering. One church decided to sell of us saw a new light from heaven.

its property and to move to another Clannishness has been one of the location about a mile away, believing great difficulties, sheer clannishness.

that this course would be good for We are not speaking of the clannish- both of them, and that thus they ness of the foreigner, but of the good could better meet the needs of the old-line American. We are the clan- whole community. The property was nish people. Four or five years ago sold, and the proceeds were put into when, I moved to New York City to a lot a mile distant. No sooner had take a missionary secretaryship, I the title gone on record, than the wanted my children reared as Ameri- chief man concerned with the other cans, which is difficult in New York.

denomination's extension interests After a long search we found an made a rush for that suburb, bought apartment that met our need. We a lot directly across the street from were assured that all the families in the one just secured, and started that apartment were Americans. So a competing church. A conference we hired a row of pigeonholes half was called and a protest made, .and way up a brick wall and called it this is what he said, in substance: our home. We had not unpacked "If you people wiH attend to your before we discovered that over our business we will take care of ours, heads was a Bohemian family with and follow out the historic policy of an unpronounceable name, beginning our church." That was fifteen years with a cough and ending with a • .An addteJIS delivered at the Missionar), DinnC1", ]anuar)' 12, 1915.

IN HOME MISSION WORK

sneeze. Those people had a piano. your congregation of old-line Ameri- Underneath us was an Irish family, cans are all out, preach a red-hot the father of which was an officer on sermon on the Christian virtue of the New York police force. He too Congregationalists themselves eating loved music and had a phonograph garlic, then they won't notice what on which he used to play such patri- the others eat."

otic little classics as "The Wearing "Oh, that won't go," he said sadly.

of the Green." Then he would "My people love the Lord; they love march up and down shouting the their church; and they love their tune, a note and a half out of pitch fellow man; but they do not love with his instrument. There we were any of them enough to eat garlic between them, and the difference be- for their sakes."

tween the music that came from He came again to see me a little overhead and that which came from while ago, joy was written all over beneath was about the difference you his features. "'vVe received twenty- would expect between music that four foreigners into our church last comes from above and music that communion," he said. "I am feel- comes from below. ing better."

There were fifteen families in that Within a year American Protes- building, and, with the exception of tantism has generally discovered my brother's family, who occupied what Peter learned at Joppa, and we the adjoining apartment,· I believe are profoundly encouraged thereby.

that there was not another really, Then I would like to speak about truly American family in the house the tremendous impetus received in -and our name was Swartz. We recent months by many of our rural have moved away from that place cJ'/JUrches. Too many such churches and are now living in a Jersey sub- have long been decadent. But there urb. It is this clannishness of the has come out this year a marvelous American which is hampering a little book telling about the creation great deal of our work. of a larger rural parish, giving the A pastor from Brooklyn said to simple story of how the thing was me about a year ago: "You know I done, and convincing us that the have a great historic church, but the religious decadence in the rural re- community is changing. I could ligions can be changed to an onward have two hundred Italians in my triumphant march of the Gospel audiences, were it not for one diffi- through the Church of Christ. This culty." is one of the firmest planks of our "What is the difficulty ?" I in- optimism.

quired. The Social Aspects of Christian "Those Italians eat garlic," he re- Missions are arising strongly and sponded, "and my congregation hopefully. God knows we need this won't stand for garlic." modern message. There are many, What advice could one give him? many thousands of people in New I had an inspiration. "It is the sim- York, this year, who are not pleased plest thing in the world," I ex- with the social order. We have read claimed. "Some beautiful day when that Tn the industrial city of Newark

one out of every twelve had to re- and women who are confronting ceive charitable assistance to carry equally hard things of life with them over last winter. The rank glorious loyalty. and file of our people have dis-' If you are a favored visitor in covered that there is an intimate some old German home within a relation between home missions, certain ancient principality, you may evangelism, and social service. The be shown, as the most precious of bread line is not the best expression the family heirlooms, a little plain of Christianity while social readjust- black iron ring, inscribed within in ment is the need. This is at its base German characters "I gave gold for a matter of ethics, but there are no iron." Your host will tell you that sound ethics without the fear of God. in ()lden days this little principality Joy comes to us from the reports was beset on all sides by foes. The of our evangelistic work on our home prince equipped armies only to be mission fields. We have so strongly beaten back. New levies and new emphasized social interests that some equipments were again hurled upon people say, "You have forgotten the enemy and crushed. The little evangelism." No, evangelism has country was so stript of all its gone forward at an accelerated rate, resources that the prince in a last with finer emphasis, with truer con- desperate appeal called for every secration than in years. We have treasure that could be granted. The discovered that in the home mission married women slipt from their churches we have added in the last fingers that last and most precious year one new member for less than of jewels, the wedding rings, and every six members enrolled. People passed them into the treasury. With in the self-supporting churches, let these last gifts, a final army was us see you match that. Our aided prepared, and with desperate valor missionary churches are doing from the country was redeemed. In honor three to four times as well as the of the devDtion of these women, and self-supporting churches. We also out of the poverty of the state treafind that evangelistic work among sury, the prince made these black fOl.'eign peoples yields splendid re- iron rings, and gave them to those turns. This is a department of who gave gold for iron-and now "foreign work" that costs but one- no gold could be so precious. half of what English work requires. We have men and women in The final plank in our platform is America who are giving all life's gold our unbounded admiration for the for iron, and they are the people, consecration and ability, and the un- these men and thefr wives, most of failing loyalty of the great corps of them in lowly stations, who estabhome missionary pastors and of their lish our confidence in the outcome· wives. We read reports from Eu- of the whole campaign. I am an rope of the bravery of soldiers, how optimist because I believe in the they hurl their living bodies upon splendid loyalty of the home misserried bayonets, and do not even sionary pastors, and in the presence flinch. We have all over this coun- and the potency of the Spirit of try great cohorts of magnificent men God.

·Why the Church in Korea

BY REV. CYRIL ROSS, SYEN CHUN, KOREA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

HE Korean Christians copy of the Bible for each member. Individual Bible study during the IITI have no up-to-date week is not a forgotten or neglected fads, but continue habit–nor is family worship. Twice stedfast in the teach- a day each Christian household ~ ing of the apostles. gathers about the family altar. This Five characteristics of makes practical the real service to this church show the reason for its God, seven days in the week. This marvelous growth and its spiritual worship culminates in power and joy health. Korean Christians are young on Sunday, the day commemorative in experience, and poor in this of the resurrection of our Lord. All world's goods; but they are rich jn over the land, too, there are classes faith and in love to God and men. for Bible study lasting from a week to a month, when the leaders come First, in Korea we have a Sabbath- together to learn how to feed the Sanctifying Church. Sunday news- flock of God. These annual and papers, Sunday automobiles, and semi-annual brief Bible Institutes are Sunday excursion trains do not rob like the great feasts of the Jews for the pastor in Korea of his congre- the rehearsal of the dealing of Jegation either mentally, as in the case hovah with the Israelites. They inof the newspaper; or bodily as in spire God's people to renewed conthe case of the auto, or the SU:Qday secration and send them forth with excursion train. The people flock to a new consciousness of the love of the House of the Lord to study the God and a new confidence in His Word of the Lord. Nor are they all guidance and sovereignty. 'Korea content with one service. The church began to emerge from a Hermit as a whole is in the Bible school and Nation's darkness in r884, and since the Bible-school as a whole is in the I9IO, when the peninsula was anchurch. No "young smartee" at fif- nexed to Japan, the people have been teen or sixteen thinks he is too big seeking Jehovah ever more zealously for Sunday-school, for young and. than before. The Bible Institutes old attend and count it a privilege. held in many districts for shorter or There is no Sabbath evening service longer terms help to supply the problem. Congregations either come churches with men equipped for volto the church itself or if the people untary service. Many of the men, live at too great a distance to return who are thus tried and trained, later at evening, then some of them hold go into the regular ministry of the a service in the neighborhood of their Church. homes. An army of workers is thus being Second, we find in Korea a S crip- developed so that all their time may lure-Searching Church. The rule is not one Bible for a family, but a

be devoted to Christian service and These men are supported by Korean money must be given for salaries. Christians. This suggests a third reason for the growth of the church in Korea-it is But the witness-bearing in Korea a self-supporting Church. The Kor- is not confined to paid workers, it is eans build their own churches and the general practise among all beput up their own primary schools lievers. The standard of admission and pay the salaries of their own to church membership is high and a pastors and other helpers. In the candidate for baptism is often asked northern presbytery it is the rule not if he or she has ever led a soul to to ordain any student to the ministry, Christ. This is a requirement and is unless there is a bona fide pledge of always held up as a standard. The his support by the people who have Korean church regards this witnesscalled him to be their pastor. Be- bearing as normal and natural-not sides this the salary must not be the exception. There could not have below a certain standard of living been over two hundred thousand inconsidered essential to efficiency. telligent, active Christian believers in Self-support is further practised in Korea gathered in thirty years, if the the payment of salaries of teachers rank and file of the church had not in the primary schools. characteristically given themselves to the "ministry of the Word." Fourth: the Church in Korea is a witness-bearing Church. Very inter- But one great essential in Korea's esting and encouraging is the three- Christian growth has not been menfold missionary work; (I) Koreans tioned. Fifth: the Church in Korea witnessing to Koreans in Korea; (2) is a praying Church. There is no Koreans bearing witness to Koreans efficiency without this. It is more outside of 'Korea; (3) 'Koreans than one characteristic of the Church. preaching to Chinese in China. A A prayerful atmosphere has perconsiderable force of men are scat- vaded all true success. The Sabtered throughout the peninsula and baths have been sanctified with are supported by the local churches prayer. Scripture searching has been for various work. In Manchuria conducted with prayer. Many finanthere are said to be some 300,000 cial problems have been solved with Koreans. The Christians of Syen prayer. Finally witness-bearing has Shun (Sen Sen), a little town with been carried on and has been made a population of 5,000 and two Pres- fruitful ty prayer. It is not strange byterian churches, are supporting a that the Church in Korea has grown pastor-evangelist in Mukden, Man- rapidly and continuously in numbers churia, where there is a church and and power. The Almighty has not a Korean congregation. In Shan- been partial in pouring out His grace tung province, China,.three ordained there, but has given his blessing be- Koreans are now learning the langu- cause the Koreans have paid the Godage and are preaching to the Chinese. appointed price for success.

Between the great things we can not do, and the small things we will not do, the danger is that we shall do nothing.

Effect of the War on Mis-

SIons to the ] ews BY REV. DAVID BARON, LONDON, ENGLAND Director of the Hebrew Christian Testimony to Israel ~. G RADUALLY people before the war 2,300,000 Jews, of are beginning to real- whom over a million were in the ize something of the Polish province of Galicia. Of the magnitude of the ca- 800,000 Jews in the German Empire lamity which has come the bulk were in East and West on the Jewish people Prussia, and in the Polish province III consequence of this, the greatest of Posen. It is this "Jewish Pale" war in all history. which forms the so-called eastern war zone and which has been utterly It is tragedy enough that over half devastated by the ravages of the a million Jews should be fighting huge contending armies. The heart against one another in the contend- and center of it all is Poland; for ing armies, and that many thousands Poland-as Isra(' Zangwill truly obof them have already laid down their serves-"be it German, Russian, or lives on the different battlefields for Austrian- Poland, is the home of J ewinterests and policies in which the ry, and Poland preeminently even vast maj ority of them have, as Jews, more than Belgium, has .been the no special concern. But the suffer- heart of hell." Perhaps the greatest ling of those engaged in the war is sufferings of the million of Jews in only a drop compared with the great Poland, Lithuania, and Galicia have ocean of indescribable misery which been occasioned by the brutality of the bulk of the Jewish people endure the Russian military authorities. Noton account of the upheaval in Europe withstanding OUr sympathy for the and Asia. Russian people in this time of trial, we are compelled to say that the Let me very brieRy make this treatment of the Jews in the war plain. In Russia there were, when area, by the Russian authorities, in the war broke out, over 6,000,000 spite of the fact that over 350,000 of Jews, of which number 94 per cent. them are fighting under the Czar's were penned together by anti-Jewish colors, can only be attributable to unlegislation in the so-called "Pale of justifiable suspicion begotten of a Settlement." In the provinces of Rus- bad conscience, because of their presian Poland, 2,000,000, or one-third vious long-continued ill-treatment of of the entire number of Jews, were the Jews. Assuredly God will not located and nearly 4,000,000 were in hold guiltless any nation, or individthe provinces of Lithuania, "White uals who "help forward the afflic- Russia," South Western, and South tion" and add to the suffering of Russia, all contiguous to the Ger- His sinful, wandering, but not castman, Austria-Hunngarian and Ru- off, and still beloved people. manian frontiers.

In Austria-Hungary there were

On the ground of "military neces- when he came with the glad tidings sity," but without real cause, an that God was about to visit and re- "Order of the Day" was issued by deem His people. The Children of the Russian Generalissimo decree- Israel, we read, "hearkened not uning the expulsion of all Jews from to Moses for anguish of spirit and the military zones of Galicia, Buko- for cruel bondage." vina and Poland. Later on this decree was extended also to Lith~ania Second: Missions to the Jews and the Baltic provinces. The in- share in the temporary setback describable sufferings and degrada- which the war has undoubtedly octions which this order inflicted upon casioned to the cause of Christ the masses of the Jews in the war among non-christian peoples. Not zone may be judged from the ac- only are "earthly kingdoms at stake count given in our December num- in this war," writes a friend and ber (page 895). More horrible and colleague, the Rev. C. A. Schonkerheartrending details were added in zer, who has been engaged in the the course of a recent debate in the work of Jewish evangelization in Russian Duma when reference was different parts of the Continent for made to the expulsions from Lith- forty-seven years, "but alI work for uania and CourIand. God and for the salvation of men is being tested, sifted, exposed to a The ocean of Jewish misery which fire of tribulation such as has not has been created by the war been the case for a century, yea, should suffice to move Christian never, perhaps, before." While a hearts to compassion and prayer that most bitter and deadly war rages bethe time of Israel's wanderings may tween the foremost Christian nations, soon end, and that these very suffer- all progress of the work of God is ings may be over ruled of God to naturally retarded, and especially all bring the time of Israel's national missionary enterprises. and spiritual salvation nearer. Does not the prevailing war, the The Effect on Missions to the Jews inimical and bloody split among the nations, threaten to suppress, or at This world-devastating war has a least to vitiate,the Christ-prescribed depressing effect on missions to the spirit of pity and love for all men? Jews. First: Millions of Jews in Does it not deaden spiritual interest Russia, Austria, Germany, the Bal- for the unsaved and unconverted kan States and Turkey are so crusht, who are still outside the kingdom of so preoccupied by the physical God? Na doubt the spiritual devasand economic sufferings brought up- tation caused by this war is as great on them that it is difficult to get a and even greater, than the material hearing or response from them in devastation. reference to the things which tho not seen are eternal. The It is a dark and perilol1s time, a present experience of missionaries time which brings trial to every callof the Cross in these countries is like ing and profession, in which every that of Moses during the last days Jewish Mission experiences a great of the Jews' oppression in Egypt, crisis affecting its very existence.

Third: It is a sad fact that the

WAR AND MISSIONS TO THE JEWS

Jews in their ignorance associate 2. The misdeeds of nominal Chris- Christ with the misdeeds of the so- tians are no more to be laid to the called Christian nations. They have charge of Christ and His teaching, always exprest their resentment at than are the sins and crimes of the the sufferings which they have had Jews to be laid to the charge of to endure in so-called Christian Moses and his law. "By their countries by bitter opposition and fruits," our Lord Jesus said, "ye hatred to the name of Christ. It is shall know them"-not ME. Christ the only way in which this helpless Himself foretold that during this people has been able to avenge it- present dispensation there would be self for the wrongs and cruelties much false profession of His name. which have been infljcted upon it by Instead of being responsible for the so-called Christians, namely by blas- evil deeds and wars and cruelties of phemy and bitter opposition to the the so-called Christian nations, name of Christ. Christ's word to His followers was: "Love your enemies, bless them that No wonder, therefore, that the curse you, do good to them that hate Jewish press and the Jewish pulpit you, and pray for them which have again, in the midst of the pres- despitefully use and persecute you, ent war, given vent to an outburst that ye may be children of your of rage against Christ and Chris- Father in heaven. Be ye therefore tianity. They tauntingly ask: What perfect, even as your Father in has Christ done for the nation? heaven is perfect." Does not this war with all its abominations prove positively the bank- 3. The reason that there are wars ruptcy of Christianity? and other terrible evils in the world is not because the nations are Chris- In response to this outbreak we tian, but because they are yet unsay to Jews, only in fuller form, Christian, or not yet suffiCiently in reply to the biased, perverse Christian. It is a fact, in spite of ideas which are propagated by their what the enemies of Chrisf and His official representatives: Gospel may say, that it is only in proportion as nations and men take 1. The oft-misquoted words of the yoke of Christ upon them and our Lord J esus-"Think not that I learn of Him, that they become concame to send peace on earth; I came trolled by love, and are delivered not to send peace but a sword"- from devilish selfishness and savwere neither intended as a warrant, agery. If there is to be any deor as an excuse for international liverance for the world, if the cherstrife. They were a prophecy of the ished Messianic ideal of universal consequences of the progress and peace and brotherhood among the triumphs of His Gospel even in this nations is ever to be realized, it will present age. It would be opposed only be in and through Christ; and by the ungodly and unbelieving, and the power of his Cross. would bring divisions into families. His true followers would be perse- We therefore do not suffer ourcuted even unto death. All of this selves to be moved from the great has come to pass, and proves Christ aim of making Christ and His to be a true prophet of God.

Gospel known to the Jews. We Two of the missionaries of the know Him in whom we have be- Hebrew Christian Testimony to lieved, and are persuaded that what- Israel, Mr. J. 1. Landsman and ever may ihappen-tho earthly Pastor L. Rosenstein, have recently thrones and empires be overturned, visited a number of the centers in and all human institutions be shaken Russia where many of these poor to their very foundations, Christ refugees are gathered, such as will remain the only hope and Witebsk, Orsha, Homel, Mohiled, Savior of men for time and eter- Kieff, Orel, Wilna, etc., distributing _ nity. Thank God, even the present relief which has been spontaneously gloom which prevails in the Jewish sent by Christians in all parts of the mission field in Europe is not un- world. They bear witness to the relieved by rays of hope and prom- deep gratitude which this ministry ise. One hopeful sign is that many of Christian kindness has produced Jews, particularly in Russia and in in many Jews. the Balkan States, are beginning to distinguish between Christ and the Finally, we hope and believe that organized national "Christianity" this very dark hour in Jewish history which has been such a stumbling- -the darkest, perhaps, since the des- block to them. truction of Jerusalem and the second Temple by the Romans-is the pre- Many little circles, particularly cursor of a brighter morning of among the young men' and women, hope for "the tribe of the wander- are giving themselves to the study ing foot and weary breast," and of "true Christianity," as they them- indirectly also for the world. Apart selves express it, and we receive ap- even from the sure word of proph- plications from the most out-of-the- ecy, and as a matter of practical way places in those countries for the politics, it is quite within the bounds New Testament and for other valu- of probability that one issue of this able Hebrew Christian publications. great world conflict will be the res- Christian sympathy and the relief toration of the Jews to Palestine, which is being administered in the and then, when the spirit of grace Name of Christ to some of the and of supplication is poured upon homelf'ss exiles and refugees, how- them, and they look 'as a nation ever inadequate, is also a means of upon Him whom they have pierced softening the hearts of some of the -God's light and truth shall go poor st1ffering Jews, and is letting forth from Jerusalem into all parts them see that the true spirit of of the world, and the glory of J eho- Christ constrains His followers to vah shall cover the earth even as the show love and compassion. waters cover the sea.

THE JEW They would not play with me at school, King of the Jews, despised of men, And as I older grew, Forgive Thy chosen few; I was debarred from social ranks- And when I meet Thee, love me most Because I was a Jew. Because I am a Jew.

-Ethel Hamilton Hunter.

the Revival Came in

BY REV. M. B. GRIER, SUCHOWFU, CHINA Missionary of the American Presbyterian Church ~T " HE Rev. Jonathan selections were then lithographed and Goforth, of the Cana- published in pamphlet form and sold at two coppers per copy. These con- . . dian Presbyterian Mis- stituted the hymn-book for the meet- ings. Preachers, private members sion, Honan, has just closed fifteen days of . revival meetings at and inquirers came to the number of Suchowfu, Kiangsu. In the twenty about a hundred and sixty, at their years' history of this station, nothing own charges, not only from the ad- can be compared with these meetings, joining territory but from districts in the manifestations of the presence two and three hundred Ii away.

and controlling power of the Holy Mr. Goforth arrived on November Spirit. 13th and services began the day fol- The station began to prepare for lowing. The regular schedule was these meetings weeks beforehand, as follows: and the entire congregation was di- I. General Prayer-meeting for vided up into prayer circles. The Chinese at 8 A.M.

church officers and men members con- 2. Prayer-meeting for foreigners stituted one, the women members an- at 9.30 A.M.

other, the Christian teachers and boys 3. General Service 1ll church at in the Boys' School another, the 12.30 P.M.

Christian teachers and girls in the 4. General Service ill church at Girls' School another. So far as 6.30 P.M.

practicable the Christians in the ad- For the first eight or nine days joining territory constituted another. there was deep interest and consider- The circles in the city met once a able freedom in prayer. Some made week, and chosen representatives confessions of an indefinite char- from each of these circles also met acter and for a time not under great weekly for united prayer. The Book conviction, apparently. We began to of Acts was taken as a text-book feel that the great spiritual power and studied with special reference that had characterized these meet- to the work of the Holy Spirit. The ings elsewhere were not to be ex- attention of the congregation was perienced here. "There is a barrier,"

kept focused on this subject for Mr. Goforth said, "that must be got- weeks beforehand, and "fen hsing ten out of the way. Keep on pray- hui" was on the lips of nearly every ing and believing, and God's blessing one. will come." His indomitable faith re- A music committee was appointed buked us all and conquered.

to select suitable hymns which were The first among the school boys to practised in public and private until come forward was a profest Chris- they were f::uniliar. Twenty-four tian of about eighteen years of age.

His conduct and character had been that the Holy Spirit might have full considered excellent, but he mounted control in the heart and life. As an the platform and under great emotion indispensable condition to this, he confest to the hypocrisy of his urged confession and relinquishment life, and to the hopelessness of his of sin and enforced his plea by the condition. When the boys returned teaching of Scripture and by his ex- to the school and to the study hall, perience in such meetings elsewhere I slipt quietly to this boy's room in China and abroad. By continued and found him alone weeping bitterly. reiteration, this truth, under the On the next day the local evangel- Spirit's power, was driven home.

ist came forward. He is a man God's Word proved the hammer and under forty, well educated in college the fire, the hearts of stone, proud and seminary, a forcible preacher, and rebellious, were broken. Those logical in his reasoning and usually who had dared withstand His will quiet in his manner. His whole were humbled to the very dust.

frame shook violently, and it was There were also meetings of great with difficulty that he could speak. power both among the boys and girls With uplifted and shaking hand he in school. For the first few days, repeated over and over the sentence recitations were suspended during "I am in great fear," and confest the time of the pUblic services, but, his unworthiness for this high office. later, a great change came. over the One of the leading men in the con- pupils, and, at their request, all reci- gregation~a foreman teacher in the tations were suspended. Some of Boys' School, who for some time had the non-Christian boys, sixteen to been holding aloof, if not actually an- twenty years of age, whose influence tagonizing the work of the church- in the school had been very bad, arose and with strong feeling con- sought the help of some of the fest that he was the barrier in the Christian boys, confessing their sins, way of the Spirit's work. and joining in prayer till midnight From this time on restraint grad- in their own rooms.

ually gave way to freedom. Church At this point there occurred the officers, preachers, colporteurs, teach- most remarkable meeting it has ever ers, pupils, would rise in their seats been my privilege to witness. It and often amid violent and uncon- was at the regular morning school trollable weeping would make humili- prayers, no foreigners being present ating confessions, violations of the but myself. After a short expo- Seventh and Eighth Commandments sition of Scripture, instead of offer- being astonishingly common among ing prayer myself, I threw the meet- those where it was least expected. ing open to the boys for prayer.

On one occasion the preaching One after another, sometimes sev- had to be omitted altogether, be- eral at a time, arose in prayer or cause confessions began at the very public confession, and broke down opening of the service and occupied with uncontrollable weeping, until the entire time-about three hours. the entire body, about a hundred, The burden of the preacher's mes- were weeping aloud. One of the sage during these days was a plea larg~ poys suddenly called out,

THE REVIVAL CAME IN CHINA

"Everybody kneel," and they all manifested for their unsaved relawent down on their knees. The tives. One non-Christian boy rose weeping increased in intensity until at daylight and walked sixteen miles it could be heard all over the large to get his brother to come to the compound. Attempts to quiet them meetings. He returned bringing not only increased their emotion, until only his brother but a dozen of his we finally started a hymn, and grad- young friends. A non-Christian ually all joined in singing. They teacher in the girls' school testified were disbanded after the meeting that he had always been a strong had continued for two and a half Confucianist, but he had to admit hours. that there was a power here of which Confucianism knew nothing, This experience may be explained a power that could compel schoolin part on merely psychological boys to stand up and confess their grounds, but not altogether and not sins without regard to loss of face. chiefly. Young men twenty years old and upward who had never On the last evening of the meetprayed, in manifest agony of spirit ings opportunity was given for halfconfessing and begging for mercy, minute testimonies to benefits receivwere not doing so for mere sake of ed. These were varied and interestappearances or in unconscious imi- ing. "Born anew," "Raised from tation. It was, in their own lan- the dead," "Lost and found," are guage, a "little judgment day," and specimens. There was a fine reone could get some vague idea of sponse to the request for a show of what the weeping and wailing and hands on such questions as "Who gnashing of teeth of that "Dies irae" will agree to establish family praywill be. ers in the home?" "Who will agree to give a tenth?" "Who will agree On the following morning, at the to give a certain number of days to same hour, the meeting took an en- preach at his own charges?" One tirely different turn, and confession of our Bible-women has already bewas followed by reparation, books, gun to make good by giving a fifth slates, ink-slabs, towels, that had of her time every month. been stolen from each other, were brought forth and restored to their Mrs. Goforth, in her helpful talks owners, where they could be found to the foreigners, in her addresses or turned over to me. Property be- to the Chinese women, in her help longing to the school, such as lamps, with the music, added greatly to wash-pans, etc., that had mysterious- the profit of the meetings. ly disappeared, were accounted for; broken window-panes were acknow- Until conviction was forced upon ledged and paid for; cigarets me by what I saw and heard, my emerged, and pipes were broken and faith had not been equal to believing trampled under foot, and obscene what God by His Spirit is able and books were torn to pieces. willing to do when His children will but take Him at His word. For In addition to these evidences of what He has done in our own midst real repentance a deep concern was we praise Him.

Revival Scripture Message£

~~mIEV. JONATHAN lffonday GOFORTH, who has No time for addresses ,been so remarkably Tuesday used to awaken spiri- No time for addresses tual life in Chinese Luke 11: 1 churches, writes that On many of the days the volume the results follow the simple pre- of spontaneous and simultaneous prayer was so great and continuous sentation of the Gospel, with depend- that there was no opportunity for a ence on the Word of God and prayer message from the leader. God was evidently speaking directly to souls. with occasional singing of hymns. Some who held back at first and hindered the meetings later confest At a recent revival his series of Bible to their opposition and sin and surthemes, from which the heart-stirring rendered wholly to God. At times weeping could be heard all over the messages were drawn three times a room as men and women confest day, were based on the following texts: to sins of pride, envy, coldness, hatred, covetousness, laziness, indif- Sunday-The first day: ference to the lost, lack of prayer, Habbakuk 3: 2. Sabbath breaking, theft, and even to Exodus 33: 14-17 adultery, and a desire to kill. Several Malachi 3: 1-4 gave up the use of tobacco, which they considered a hindrance, and Monday others confest to having lost the joy Galatians 6: 7, 8 of working for the salvation of Jeremiah 4: 3 others. Some of the meetings lasted Revelations 2: 4 till midnight. At one service a normal school student came to the Tuesday platform and flung down, with a look Acts' 5: 2 of horror, a bundle of obscene books Malachi 6: 5-15 which he said had led him and others Ephesians 6: 18 into fornication. He vehemently urged his fellow students to burn Wednesday all such books. I John 3: 22 Acts 9: 11 As a result of these meetings there Luke 11: 5 was not only a marked transforma- tion of many lives, and a setting Thursday right of many wrongs, but a new Mark 11 :24 joy in life and a spontaneous desire Acts 1: 14 of men to give their lives, their Exodus 17:8 talents, their money to God for serv- ice to their fellow men. Friday Ezekiel 37: 1-14 No address No address Saturday Acts 2: 37-39 Acts 1: 8 Sunday Ezekiel 33 Ephesians 5: 18 Philippians 3: 13,. 14

Black Problem in

Africa BY REV. JOHN L. nUBE, OHLANGE, NATAL Principal of the Zulu Christian Industrial Institute m. I N the midst of the most adequate to our rapid growth, but terrible war in the the prevailing sentiment of the world's history, and European electors is that we already the consequent brief have more than we can beneficially little rebellion and a occupy. As we have no vote, we can war in South Africa, foresee what opinion will have weight the war spirit has not had any mark- with the law-makers. It looks as if ed effect on the aboriginal population. it would grow more and more dif- They have grievances that would ficult for a native to have any title make them welcome almost any in the land of his birth, and he will source of relief, but they have not be more and more under the necessought for such relief from any of sity of working for his white master the foes of the British Empire with- for whatever wages he may choose to out or within. They are as" peace- pay. Such is the trend of politics; ful and loyal as they have ever been. and very few politicians are brave enough and have enough sense of The Land.' Act justice to hazard their election by a contrary opinion. The Lands' Act, prohibiting the sale of land to natives except in cer- The South African natives do not tain prescribed areas, has not been expect to come more and more altered or amended. According to under servile conditions. On the this Act land can not be sold to contrary, we are rapidly advancing natives in European areas, nor can in civilization and the education of land in native areas be sold to our children is proceeding by leaps Europeans. When this announce- and bounds. They are aspiring to ment is made to the natives they re- be ministers and teachers and clerks ply: "We will thank you to-morrow." and doctors and lawyers, for which That is, they do not know whether the demand exceeds the supply. The to be thankful until the areas have few that attain the goal set an exfinally been delimited. It seems quite ample that stimulates their fellows, certain that no additional land will so that there is a growing desire to be assigned for exclusive native oc- build upright houses and to furnish cupation, unless it be some worthless them. With their greatly increased tracts, said to be "good for nothing wa~ts our people are no longer conbut for niggers and monkeys." . An tent to wear a gum head-ring for full increasingly large body of our people dress, to live in a grass hut and eat are coming to feel that we require with their hangs out of the pot. something more than a monkey's portion. What we now have is in- "The Lands' Act" has been offered as a palliative to the tension exist-·

ing between the native and European ful a nursing we were now unwilling races. "It is to make a separation," to undertake a greater share of the they say, "so as to give the natives a burden of evangelizing our own chance for untrammelled develop- people. Weare thankful that so ment on their own lines." But the many heathen can be reached in line suggested is just what the more those centers where they congregate intelligent natives are trying to leave from all parts of Africa to earn behind-the line of savagery and money. But it is a mistake to supheathenism. Any more separation pose that there is any the less need that at present exists, would only of missionaries dwelling, as they used intensify the bitter feeling of injus- to do, among the people in their tice. But the Lands' Act will not native haunts, where they can set diminish the number of native ser- an example of family life and minisvants in the towns, in the mines, in ter in the homes of the people and the workshops, and on the farms, help and guide them in all the ways where they will be in as close contact of civilization. There is also a great with Europeans as before. It is in danger in sending out to preach and that close servile connection that we form congregations in the native find the source of the "black peril" territories young native men who about which such a cry is raised. are supposed to have been converted There is not as much danger in the in the night-schools on the Rand fact that a native owns a plot of and yet have barely learned to read ground adjacent to a European's the New Testament in the vernacular. estate, as there is in a horde of un- It is in this way that the spirit of civilized tribesmen confined on a discontent is multiplied a hundredreservation. fold. Such a 'gospel,' if we may call it a gospel, instead of quenching the America is corning to see the wis- flame of discontent pours oil upon dom of breaking up the reservation it. Our native evangelists, like those policy for the Indian aborigines, but of all other races, should be first in South Africa the trend of public thoroughly trained in their profesopinion is to turn back the wheel of sion, before being sent out to work. progress and confine the natives in native areas. While the African heathen con- tinue to live in dark and dangerous The Missionary Outlook places there is still a call for mis- sionaries to go and live among them. Against such an array of hostile They can not be converted by Bibles forces, we have an alliance with the and tracts printed in England and missionaries who brought us the Gos- America or by evangelists quickly pel, and I believe that in the end we taught in the night-schools in the are certain of victory. But there is mmmg centers. There are coma question which I would like the munities where the people are now friends of missions to consider, viz. so advanced in Christian civilization whether the change in the policy of that they can be left to the ministhe chief missionary societies is for trations of native pastors, but many the better. We would be very un- new centers of light must be created, grateful if after so long and faith-

BLACK PROBLEM IN SOUTH AFRICA

tho we alone, unaided by our mis- is being carried on entirely by the sionary progenitors, are still too Africans themselves. When nafeeble to create them. tive education and advancement is receiving such recognition from the The Coming Kinlrdom highest sources, it may be taken as a little indication of the door that In spite of heathenism, in spite of is opened to us. If there were no political disabilities, we are moving adversaries, no hostile criticism and on. The Kingdom is coming. On no disabilities to be overcome, we these hills, where within my recol- would seem to be lacking in crelection the wild antelopes formerly dentials that God has opened the roamed without molestation, we re- door. There are agents who would, cently witnessed a remarkable scene on account of race prejudice, perat the openjng of a new building of vert all principles of justice to the Zulu Christian Industrial School. their own selfish advantage; yet One of the finest buildings for native the agencies for the extension of education in these parts was erected the Gospel are so marvelously inalmost entirely by the natives them- creased, and such facilities for eduselves. Lord and Lady Buxton, Gov- cation and advancement are being ernor-General of the Union of South opened, that we are greatly en- Africa, his two daughters and retinue couraged. But our trust is in none came in six motor cars. There were of these things. It is in our Savior also gathered some 3,000 natives, who died that we might be free, over half of whom were well-drest and we believe that His Kingdom Christians. This building is only will yet come and His will be done one of the fourteen erected in this on earth as it is in Heaven. institution which was initiated and II THROUGH THE EYES OF AN AFRICAN BOY II The following story is told by a young ago now, and we never go back yet; but Kaffir boy: we want to go and tell our father and When I was a boy in Africa, my father mother that man works and woman stays sent me to keep sheep. In Africa, men don't work at all; women work; but men dress at home. That is proper, because man is their hair and fight and talk; boys keep strong and woman is weaker, and got babies cattle, not in little fields, but in wide open places, where a lion or a leopard may come to mind. But Kaffir woman very strong, to catch them; the boys watch, and if lion must put baby on her back and work just come make a great noise, a great, great noise, and frighten him away. One day the same, make crops grow and grind corn, some boys tell my brother and me they had and dig and build house; and when she get been to Natal, and seen many wonderful things; big houses and ships and looking- old -and weak and no use Kaffir man say: glasses, and white animals like men and women, and they make strange noises, no- "This one no use now, must push her over," body could understand. This makes us think and then they take her to steep place on we must go and see these white animals and these wonderful things, and we ask our top of hill and push her down, because she father to please let us go to Natal for is no use and can't do anything. Now I three months. That's three or four years know that's very wicked, and I want to go back and tell my people and they sha'n't push my old grandmother over, I hope. She loves me and my brother, and we want to go soon to save her from being pushed over, and tell her about Jesus.-Mission Day- spring.

Heroism In Uganda*'

BY BISHOP TUCKER HE martyr spirit is not the way of salvation. This so touched IDT dead in Uganda, as the the heart of Raked, who was present, folIowing incident testi- that she volunteered to go and teach the women and children. She was fies. warned. She was told of the peril. It would be at the risk of her life. In- . Some months ago I – ~- was officiating in the Cathedral at Mengo. The great con- fection meant death. There was no gregation had dispersed, and a large cure; but nothing could turn her from body of the communicants remained. her purpose.

Slowly the service proceeded, the pro- "I know all this," she said, "but found silence broken only by the those people are dying and know solemn words of administration. The nothing of Christ, the Savior of the last communicants had returned to world. I know and love Him, and their places, and I was about to close must go and tell them of Him."

the service, when from the extreme She went, and after a while came end of the building-a corner of the back and told how she had been enabled south aisle, where she had been sitting to lead one and another to the feet of by herself-a woman advanced slowly the Savior ere they passed into the up the nave. I waited wonderingly. unseen world. She returned to her As she took her place, kneeling alone post. A few months passed by, and at the rail, Henry Wright Duta, who then came the news that she was ill.

was assisting me, whispered in my ear, She was brought back and carried up "It is Rakeri." to the hospital at Mengo, where Dr.

"Rakeri!" In a moment her story Cook, having examined her, pronounced flashed through my mind, and with the fatal verdict, "sleeping sickness."

heart uplifted in praise to God, and She lived for some months in the with a voice ill-controlled through the hospital under the doctor's care, and emotion that welled within, I admin- during the whole of that time, as' long istered to her the emblems of the dying as she could move about, she was as a love of Our Lord and Savior Jesus ministering angel to the sick ones in Christ. Slowly and with dragging the women's ward. She would go from footsteps she returned to her place, bed to bed, reading with this one and and with the Gloria in Excelsis and praying with that one, soothing all in the Benediction the service came to an their pain as far as she was able, and end. ever seeking with loving words and Now who was Rakeri (Rachel)? tender pleading to lead them to the She was a woman connected with the feet of the Savior. And all the while congregation at Ngogwe, near the she was a dying woman.

shores of the Great Lake. Some time Where, in the whole history of the previously it had been told at a meet- Christian Church, is there to be found ing of Christians how that on a certain a nobler instance of self-sacrificing island sleeping sickness had broken out, love? "Greater love hath no man than and that the people were dying in large this, that a man lay down his life for numbers without anyone to teach them his friends."

• From "Eighteen Years in Uganda and East Africa." by Bisholl Tucker.

Every-day Religion In China *

· BY THE REV. HOPE GILL, WEST CHINA Formerly of the Church Missionary Society ICTURE yourself station- prostrates' himself there, offering up in- cense and burning candles. mP ed in the midst of a Chinese county capital. Similiar ceremonies take place indoors Weare the only white in front of the family altar. At sunrise people amid a popula- and sunset every day family worship is tion of over 70,000 Chin- held both before the home shrine and at ese; the nearest station where white the doorway of every house. This impeople live being forty-five miles away. portant feature has a significant lesson Altho this is not a large city, yet it is for all Christian people. It puts to shame one surrounded with great walls, with many whose devotion to the living and the usual four gates, and it has a resident true God falls far short of that of the magistrate, who is responsible for law poor heathen to his false gods!

and order throughout the country. Only on special occasions, for ex- AU around are to be seen facts and ample, New Year and the Dragon Feast, acts connected with every-day religion. do all the members of each family join On the east of our mission house, quite in this worship. Those are times also close by, is a great temple dedicated to when due reverence is, paid to the older the God of Medicine, while on the other members, who have everything provided side, with only a few shops between, is for them, kneeling hassocks, incense another temple to the Fire-god. The lighted, etc., by the younger members.

monotonous sounds of the gong-beating, In these great festivals all are drest and the beU-tapping are ever telling us in their best-or "bigH-clothes. On that souls are worshiping they know ordinary days, one of the junior memnot what, seeking peace and forgiveness bers in most cases performs the daily of sins, but, alas t finding none. homage for the rest of the family. Out Walking through the crowded streets, in the open he offers up his oblations and we notice pieces of tessellated red paper bows down before all, standing and hanging from the lintel of every door- kneeling in the street doorway. In He- way, and on the two door-posts of every brews 9 :22, we notice how this blood house strips of red paper are pasted, thus cleansing has been known for ages past.

signifying that the inhabitants worship The missionary can use this in his evanspirits. If we look again at the lintel, we see feathers with blood sprinkled on gelistic preaching. them sticking to it, and blood sprinkled on the papers too. This means that at In many shops are hung long strings the New Year sacrifices were offered to the local deities by the slaying of fowls, of fire-crackers, paper money and the blood being sprinkled to atone for the sins of the household. Not only is the candles, stuck by their bamboo "wicks" victim slain to appease the local gods, but also to propitiate Heaven and Earth, into straw ropes, as well as bundles of for the blood is sprinkled on the ground incense paper. A great trade is done in the sale of these materials' for idola- trous worship. Each act of· daily Chinese worship costs money, and read- ily do these poor benighted souls pay for all such perquisites. • at the doorway, while the worshiper Some worshipers go from their houses • From The Church Missionary Gleaner.

to neighboring temples, and there pro- The same ceremony is repeated before pitiate the gods in the same manner. For attempting any bad rapid in the up-river instance, numbers of devotees crowd in- journey. The missionary, at such a moto the temple of the fire-god on certain ment speaks for his Master to the crew occasions. The Buddhist priests are on board, and on shore to the trackers, kept busy and make a good revenue out and scatters among the riverside inof it. To see able and clever men thus habitants Gospels and tracts. prostrate themselves again and again before this god of fire, or before the In the Confucian temple, on the first medicine god, or the so-called "guardian" or the fifteenth of the month a bang! or "king" of the city, fills us with burn- bang! bang! is heard, accompanied by ing zeal in our campaign against the the sound of trumpets. The gong-beathosts of darkness. ers go along, heralding the advent of the city magistrate with his big retinue of Another act of every-day religion in under officials and attendants. Inside vast China is connected with boat traffic. the temple, before the tablet put up in If we intend to travel anywhere by boat, honor of Confucius, when all is arwhen our boat is chartered, the agree- ranged, incense is offered up. The father ment written and duly signed, the day to and mother of the people in the person start has arrived, and we are all on board of the magistrate prostrates himself full the house boat quite ready, there is still length on the floor, three times over delay. Why? The skipper and his pilot kneeling down, and nine times knocking have gone to a temple or shrine to wor- his head before the tablet. Meanwhile ship! A fowl is taken out of the boat's fire-crackers are let off, gongs loudly hold and is sacrificed in the temple, so beaten, and everyone around stands at that the deity who dominates the river attention, waiting to take their turn. may be appeased. The men then come back from the temple and prostrate them- These Chinese claim our very best, selves before the blood sprinkled on the both in intellect and spiritual power. prow of the boat. They have also scat- They are ready now to be evangelized tered some feathers, which will remain by laborers "full of the Holy Ghost." on the now sacred spot perhaps for A million a month in China are dyi.ng, weeks. Meanwhile the whole crew really dying, without the knowledge of watches reverently. Then, when suf- the Savior. Who will go forth to this ficient fire-crackers have been set off great and glorious work? "To God be to frighten the evil spirits, and the wor- the glory, great things He hath done," ship is' over, the order comes from the but if His servants "forward go" to posskipper, "Kai chz~'an," which means, sess the land yet lying fallow, "strong "Open out the boat, let go!" through His Eternal Son," we shall see "greater things than these."

MY PRIVILEGE The Missionary Offering is at hand, and the call for funds is pressing and insistent. I must decide what to do about it, because I mean to be loyal to Christ and to my Church, to help make America a Christian country, and to help give the Gospel to the world.

On the one hand: On the o,ther hand: My hope in Christ. Many people without Christ. My splri.tual bl~ssings. Many who are meeting defeat in life's battle. My church fel1owship. Many in woe, squalor) sorrow, and sin.

My Christian surroundings. .Many devoid of spiritual privileges. My prosperity. Many unable to rise alone or help themselves. My abiliw to give. Many dependent on Christian help. My Lord s money in my hands. Many needing what my Lord's money would provide If I say "no," what will that mean to me, to my fellow men, to my Lord?- The Christian Missionary.

Wanted· A Missionary*

0 read the advertisement spent a good many hours on many 'days running these down by letters and inter- 11S1 in a Boston daily paper. views. Ruling out those obviously un- "Wanted: a printer to qualified, he sent nine applicants to the take charge of a Mission Board Rooms. Then the final sifting presS' in West Africa. process began. Apply to Employment Secretary, Y. M. C. A." Number 1 looked exceedingly promis- ing-a foreman in charge of a press- Every day brings something of interest room in one of the largest printing -frequently of romantic interest-to the establishments in the country. He Home Department of the American wanted to know how many linotype Board in the matter of securing recruits machines we had. "None ? Well, well, for needy fields. Vve keep in correspond- well!" "And how long will it take to ence with hundreds of volunteers and get out a book?" "A month at least," possible volunteers. These cover a wide we told him. "We issue a book about range of callings: clergymen, physicians, every day in our plant," he replied. educators, agriculturists, industrial teach- Still he wanted to go, liked the adveners, business agents, architects, and, most ture, etc. We sent for his wife, and frequently of all, young women teachers. that settled it. No missionary bu~iness Recently we have entered upon the task for them. of finding a printer to take charge of our press at Kamundongo, West Africa. Number 2 proved to be an experienced Through the gift of a Boston business worker, too experienced, in fact; we man we have an excellent printing and ruled him out on the score of age. binding plant out there, from which the Mission is waiting to publish seven or Number 3 was all right on the profeseight text-books, the New Testament, a sional side, but admitted his wife was hymn book, and a number of other things. not interested in Africa and he would The position calls for an all-round printer have to leave her behind. That settled of strong Christian character, and of such his case. personality as to make a congenial member of the station group. Number 4 was a reformed drunkard- a good fellow and a good printer; but Having failed to find such a man we couldn't take the risk. through our own efforts and those of the Student Volunteer Movement, we Number 5 runs a large jobbing estab. turned to Mr. Robinson, the Employment lishment near Boston, just the kind we Secretary of the Boston Young Men's want. Unfortunately, while "long" on Christian Association, who proved to be printing, he was "short" on religion. In a friend indeed. After hearing the con- fact, he confest to not being a Chris'- ditions and qualifications involved, Mr. tian at all. The conversation then turned Robinson placed the above "ad" in the from Africa to Boston and from print- Want column of a Boston paper. ing to personal religion, and he we1l:t out looking very serious. The response was immediate, even overwhelming. Nearly 150 printers put Number 6 was -the opposite kind: in an application, and Mr. Robinson "long" on religion but "short" on print- ing; a college graduate of good char- acter and full of missionary zeal, but • From The Missionary Herald.

with meager practical experience. So Number 8 was a good candidate too, it was a reluctant good-by to him also. in charge of the printing department of a manufacturing establishment known Number 7-a most interesting case- the world over; a nice-looking young Methodist, aged 35; good talker; had fellow, a Baptist, with an attractive wife. once thought of becoming a preacher; We noticed after two interviews that the has had a printing experience of twenty wife was asking very particularly about years in a large establishment; owns the climate and snakes. Still it looked his own home; a ladylike little wife, who good, and he was kept for further 5tudy. is a good housekeeper and as eager as himself; no children. Number 9, a well-set-up young fellow, recently converted, full of zeal, and a "How did you become interested?" good printer; all his relatives favorable. we asked. Ruled out on the ground of having no wife and health not sufficiently robust. "My pastor preached last Sunday on Christ building his Church, and said So it simmered down to two. More that Christ needed every kind of work- interviews, more letters, many testiman, that each Christian should seek to monials sought, doctors called in, pastors find his job and get busy on the great interviewed; and, to make a long story task. I said to my wife, as we walked short, Number 7 was presented to the home, there seemed little that I, as a Prudential Committee. The Committee printer, could do for Christ. When we listened with interest, approved his reached the house I took up a Boston papers, and he was engaged for five paper, a!ld my eyes fell on that 'ad' of years as missionary printer for West yours. I said to my wife: 'Look at that, Central Africa. will you! Why shouldn't I go to Africa as a missio~ary printer?' She agreed May the Lord use him mightily fqr that I should. So, sir, here we are. spreading the Gospel by the printed page Weare confident the Lord has called us among the natives of Angola, and may to that work." We put this man aside all the others who could not go find for further careful consideration. positions of great usefulness here at home I O-W-N. WoO-No N-O-W BY REV. SAMUEL MCP. GLASGOW, MERCEDES, TEXAS OWN. We want God to OWN this lower Rio Grande vaHey, and are ready to do' O1)r part. But the Evil One is fast preempting the land.

WON. If the Lord God is ever to OWN this valley it must be WON to Him. This can only be done with the help of the whole Church.

NOW. If God is to OWN this valley, it must be WON for Him NOW. Tomorrow, when sin and worldliness have become entrenched, how shall the lost title be regained for God ?-Condensed and adapted from The Missionary Survey.

DEPADTMENT

OF BEST METHODS MAKING THE MOST OF THE MAGAZINES BY BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

ISSIONARY work calls Let us then take both and get a world vision of the enterprise in its entirety. IiMI forth our hel~ in almost exact proportion to onr In the way of periodical literature a knowledge of its needs man needs his own denominational and progress. This is missionary magazine, some such general . — why our Lord said to missionary publication as the comprehen- sive and up-to-date MISSIONARY REVIEW His disciples "Lift up your eyes and OF THE WORLD, and a good daily news- paper.-WLILIAM T. ELLIS in "Men and look on the fields." Miss,ions."

But the mission fields are far away A Great Money-Raiser Missionary workers have long beand most of us can look on them only lieved that the magazines are great money-raisers. Now, through a system through printed pages. This makes of tracing gifts made to the Emergency Fund raised by the Episcopalians last the missionary magazine a very im- year, we have tangible proof of it. "The exact amount contributed portant factor in the work. Books through the influence of the magazine serve to bring us in touch with the can not be known," says The Spirit of Missions. "The first letter which went mission field and inspire us to service, to the whole Spirit of Missions family was not 'keyed' so as to differentiate but it is the regular, up-to-date infor- their offerings from others. But the second was. It reached 15,000 of our mation presented in the magazines month readers and the response made by them was three times as great as that from by month that keeps the fires steadily 60,000 non-readers whose names had been given us by their clergy. How burning. And it is the knowledge of much influence we may have had in some of the larger gifts we can not immediate need that calls forth the larg- determine, but it is gratifying to know that in September a donor sent a check est assistance. for $5,000, saying, 'I notice in The Spirit of Missions. that the Emergency The denominational magazine forms Fund is nearing the $400,000 you have a bond between the missionaries on the field and those who "stay by the stuff" in the homeland and is a neces- sity to those who would be intelligent workers and who desire to fulfil the obligations they have undertaken as a denomination. Not to take one's' de- nominational magazine is to keep one- self in ignorance of one's own work and lose its blessing and inspiration.

At the same time, especially in these days when great events are transpiring in mission lands, every Christian worker needs the broad outlook of the whole world field that can be obtained only in an interdenominational magazine.

asked us to raise. Please accept the woman who twenty-eight years ago in- enclosed contribution.''' vited her to join her club of subscribers to THE MISSIONARY REVIEW which was THE CLUB AGENT just then entering upon its new series There is no better way of increasing under the direction of Doctor Arthur T. missionary interest than getting more Pierson. All through the years the maga- missionary magazines taken and read. zine has been a source of inspiration and Yet many a society that exercises the help and the twenty-eight bulky bound greatest care in the selection of its volumes now constitute a reference li- other officers entrusts the work of brary that could not be equaled at many magazine circulation to anyone who is times the cost-perhaps not at any cost. willing to undertake it. Mrs. Mary Clokey Porter, Thank-offer- lt is, in some respects, a thankless ing Secretary of the United Presbyterian task and often makes large drafts on Woman's Board, who has done such re- one's pocket book, due to the fact markable work, was also a charter mem- that many subscribers are careless about ber of this pioneer club and in a re- . paying their bills. "Before I took the of- cent letter referred to THE REVIEW fice," wrote a faithful secretary to Wo- and the friend who formed the club in man's Work, "it was the custom for the terms of deep respect and affection. magazine secretary to send in the money from her own purse as soon as the mem- Every year men and women are led, berS' announced their intention of renew- through the influence of some mission- ing their subscriptions. I continued the ary magazine, to devote themselves and custom and at one time was more than their money to advancing the kingdom $12 out of pocket. More than one sub- of God. Perhaps the subscription you scriber waited a full year before giving helped to secure may reach some life me the money, and then did so with an- and turn it into channels of service for noyance and was much offended to be Christ. This is worth while. Take cour- asked to pay the next year's subscription age, then, club agents and magazine sec- in advance." No wonder this secretary retaries. Take up your task with joy refused renomination. and push it with vigor. On the other hand the privileges and rewards' of the work are great. One can PRAY FOR YOUR MAGAZINE never tell what even a single subscrip- tion will do. lt may, as one business The Editors N eed Your Prayers manager suggests, immediately put a So Do the Contributors missionary tincture into the whole at- And the Subscribers mosphere of the subscriber's heart and And the Canvassers home. It was a copy of THE MISSION- Few People Pray for the Magazines ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, sent him month by month by a Scotchman in his WILL YOU? church thct resulted in the missionary conversion of Doctor Robert F. Horton, SECURING SUBSCRIPTIONS of London, the great missionary speaker ApPOINT ENERGETIC AND ENTHUSIAS- who made such a deep impression at the TIC MAGAZINE AGENTS. In publishing a Student Volunteer Convention, at Kan- list of churches having clubs of twenty sas City.* The Best Methods editor or more subscribers, The Missionary never ceases to be thankful to the godly Herald says: "A glance over this list shows that these clubs are not confined * See "A Pastor's Experience: How I Learned to to one section of the country; nor to large churches; nor to those in cities; Put Missions First," by Doctor Robert F. Horton, nor to 'rich' congregations. They are {ISSIONARY REVIEW, May, 1914. in churches where some one has taken an interest in forming a club."

DEPARTMENT OF BEST METHODS 21

EQUIP THE CLUB AGENT. Complaints port of the church and its benevolences be- come from many sources of canvassers comes also a canvasser for the magazine. who do not take the magazines them- selves and can not therefore advertise ENLIST THE PASTORS. They are the them intelligently. Woman's Work tells best advertisers. A number of pastors of a secretary of literature who called in the Southern Presbyterian Church, at the office for a supply of posters, realizing the value of The Missionary circulars, and sample copies, and asked Survey, not only in arousing interest in as she was leaving, "What is this maga- the benevolences of the Church but in zine about anyway?" If the canvasser cultivating a spirit of service and sacri- can not afford to pay the price, either fice among their members, are promoting the society or the publishers should fur- its circulation by taking a few minutes nish the magazine free. at the Sunday morning service to intro- duce it from the pUlpit. A few have USE SAMPLE COPIES. Almost all personally canvassed their congrega- magazines are glad to supply them (back tions for subscribers. numbers), and they can be used in vari- ous ways. Some canvassers leave them ENLIST THE SUBSCRIBERS. They, too, at the homes and call later for subscrip- are good advertisers. "Let us talk the tions. Others send in lists of non-sub- magazine and the things we read in it scrl'bers and ask to have sample copies 'in season and out of season,''' says the mailed from headquarters. business manager of Lutheran Woman's Work. SELL SPECIAL NUMBERS.. In the last few years the Baptists have issued a ENLIST THE YOUNG PEOPLE. The Out- special Christmas number of Missions look of Missions tells of the missionary and have enlisted the children to sell committee of a Young People's Society copies on the profit-sharing plan. This that wanted something definite to do and introduces the magazine to a large num- at the suggestion of the pastor undertook ber of new readers and secures many to place a copy of the denominational .new subscriptions. The Spirit of Mis- missionary magazine in every home in sions also does this with its special Len- the congregation. Sample copies were ten number. sent for and the young people delivered one to each home. Two weeks later the MAKE MAGAZINE SUBSCRIPTIONS ONE homes were visited again and subscrip- POINT IN THE EFFICIENCY STANDARD. tions solicited. It was a heavy task but This works well. "Our Literature Com- it developed the missionary activity of mittee secured as many subscriptions as the society and secured many new sub- we have members so we can go on the scribers. Honor Roll," says a worker in Lutheran Woman's Work. "Vve have gained an- ENLIST THE SUNDAY-SCHOOL. There other point for the Standard of Effici- is an immense amount of energy in the ency by securing five new subscribers," Sunday-school; most of it is unused. In says another. In the last few years the Southern Presbyterian Church a such reports have been duplicated in number of classes have been canvassing countless societies. for The Missionary Survey. A class of INCLUDE MAGAZINE SUBSCRIPTIONS IN five 14-year old boys' rounded up 55 new THE EVERy-MEMBER CANVAS. The General Assembly of the Presbyterian subscribers in 10 days and a class of 10 Church makes provision for subscrip- girls secured 58 subscriptions in a church tionS' to The Assembly Herald on its of 200 members where only 10 copies official Every-Member Canvass blanks'. had been taken before. Thus everyone canvassing for the sup- HAVE A MAGAZINE FUND. A Woman's Missionary Society in the United Pres- byterian Church has a fund for furnish.

ing copies of The Woman's Missionary have gone steadily forward until they Magazine for three or six months or now number nearly 40,000. a year to women who are not interested in missions or who are not (or think Two years ago the plan was to urge they are not) financially able to pay the every society to make the year a "Red price. The plan works well. Many of Letter Year" by placing the magazine the temporary subscribers have become in the home of every member. To keep permanent ones. the aim before the societies and show the progress made, a simple chart was What a Druggist Did devised, directions for making which Few business men would think of using are as follows: their show windows to advertise a missionary magazine, but that is what an "Take a sheet of cardboard and mark Ohio druggist did not long ago. it into s'quares large enough to be seen "One day when one of our secre- across the room, providing as many taries was walking along the street," squares as there are members in the society. Around the outer edges set says The Mission01"y Intelligencer, "his apart as many squares as there are attention was' arrested by a strange ex- subscribers in the society and color them hibit in a drug-store window. Others red using ink, paint, or crayon. This had stopt also and were studying the will leave as many white squares in the unusual spectacle. The owner of the center as there are non-subscribers and store is a member of the Christian will show at a glance how many sub- Church and believes in missions. In the scriptions are needed to reach the aim. background was a fine exhibit of vari- When new subscribers are reported, color ous goods such as a drug-store usually squares red to represent them. Hang sets forth, but on the window glass itself the chart in a conspicious place and call were at least a dozen interesting pictures frequent attention to it." and clippings from The Miss.ionary Intelligencer." This plan was productive of large re- sults and could be used by any society.

A RED LETTER YEAR The Steady Subscriber How dear to our heart is the steady sub- scriber, Who pays in advance of the birth of each year, Who lays down the money and does it quite gladly, And casts round the office a halo of cheer.

. , , ,members In our ..,cletJ. He never says "Stop it; I can not afford it, •…subscribers to the Home Mission Monthly. I'm getting more magazines now than I read" ; But always says, "'Send it; our people all like it- In fact we all think it a help and a need."

A Red Letter Chart How welcome his check when it reaches Every year Miss Finks, the capable our sanctum; editor of The Home Mission Monthly, devises some schem~ to keep the sub- How it makes our pulse throb; how it scription lists up to a definite standard. These have proved so successful that makes our heart dance! even in years of depression the lists We outwardly thank him; we inwardly bless him- The steady subscriber who pays in ad- vance. -The Lamp.

OF BEST METHODS 21

ember, 1914, there appeared in the maga- zine a cut of a tall pine tree on the branches of which were the names of the 21 synods of the Church with the number of subscribers in each. At the same time a vigorous campaign for new subscribers was' inaugurated.

At the Biennial Meeting of the Woman's Board held in Omaha last May, the tree idea was used again to report progress. At one of the sessions a liv- ing tree-a beautiful white pine-was placed on a table in front of the room and one by one the delegates came for- ward and with appropriate words' hung on the tree clusters of real fruit- peaches, apples, grapes, etc.-each indi- vidual piece of fruit representing 100 subscriptions.

At the close the delegates stood around the heavily laden tree and sang an adaptation of "The Steady Subscrib- er" to the tune of "The Old Oaken Bucket."

By making a large chart with a "Magazine Tree," instead of printing it in a magazine, it could be used by any organization composed of a group of societies as well as by a Woman's Board.

ANNOUNCEMENTS FOR THE BUL- LETIN BOARD One of the best ways of advertising a missionary magazine in a church is to place striking announcements of it either in the church calendar or on the bulletin board in the vestibule. The following A Magazine Tree THE MISSIONARY HERALD FOR 1913 Another year opens. Will it be as The "Magazine Tree" devised by Mrs. thrilling as this year? Revolution in Louise K. Krechting, business manager China! War in Turkey! Rebellion in of Littheran Woman's. Work, has proved MeJGico ! Missionaries in the thick of a fine thing for pushing magazine circu- world events! Could you' have spared lation and stimulating friendly rivalry the Missionary Herald in 1912? among the synodical societies composing Now for 1913. The Missionary Herthe Lutheran Woman's Board. In Nov- ald will be awake to whatever tran- spires on its many fields of action. Time to renew SUbscriptions now- 75 cents a year. Clubs of tenor more, 50 cents each.

THE pages and the bedraggled covers. This WOMAN'S MISSIONARY MAGAZINE may seem a strange way to love, but if Published in the Interest of the the editors knew all the good things that have first been gleaned from its pages, Woman's Missionary Society even they would not censure my destruc- of the tiveness.

United Presbyterian Church We would not think much of a me- chanic who loved his tools so well that NOTE he would not take them out of the tool chest. To me The Survey is a chest That- full of tools invaluable to every mission- ary worker. Shall we preserve the chest An informed church will be a and let the tools lie and rust? Shall we transformed church. pile the magazines neatly on a shelf to accumulate dust and at last end their That- days in the kindling-box? I do hot ob- ject to a reference file; it is useful some The paucity and powerlessness of our times. But if you wish to keep a file of prayers for missions is not due so your Surveys, take two copies. This is the plan in our home. much to heartlessness as to a lack of knowledge of the things for which we Most of us are busy housekeepers. should pray. You may have little time for reading. Your Survey may have to lie for hours, That- maybe days, unenjoyed. When the first spare minute comes, take a pencil and The Woman's Missionary Magazine sit down to read. If you have only time has but one great aim-The Spread of for a few pages, read them carefully by all means. Read with the mind and heart the Kingdom for God's Honor and open-not filled with other things. Mark Men's Good. each picture that should be saved, each article you will need for future refer- Will You Help to Circulate itf ence.

advertisements used by the magazines After the magazine has been well read they represent can be easily adapted to and much marked its mission is not others. ended, even tho by this time it looks old and dilapidated. When a quiet evening GETTING THE MOST OUT OF A arrives, get busy with a pair of scissors. MAGAZINE BY MRS. J. M. WILLIAMS, WESSON, MISSISSIPPI In the Southern Presbyterian Church_ we are blest with having such a helpful co-worker as The Missionary Survey. I love it 5'0 well that when I am done with it nothing is left but a few jagged THE EQUIVALENT OF TWENTY-ONE VOLUMES FOR $2.50 Each year THE MISSIONARY REVIEW contains the equivalent of twenty-one volumes, a complete library of Missions, on the history, methods, principles, and progress of Missions, and the lives of Missionaries and Native Converts. Each small volume would contain about 30,000 words (one hundred and fifty pages). Noone who has a live interest in the work of Christ cart afford to lose the in- • spiration of this great international magazine.

OF BEST METHODS

Cut out the pictures, poems and articles densed from The Home Mission M onthmarked beforehand and file them. I use ly, could not be bettered: small wooden boxes, each plainly labeled -Africa, Brazil, Cuba, Children, Med- DEVOTIONAL SERVICE. Subject: "Spreadical Missions, Educational and Indus- ing the Light." Text: "The women that trial Work, Poems, General Use-about publish the tidings are a great host." a dozen in all. These may be sub-divided if desirable. Thus the box marked PRAYER for a blessing on The Home "General Use" may have envelopes Mission Monthiy, the editor, the writers, marked "Poems" and "Scriptural Ex- the readers, and upon all missionary literaercises." The programs and exercises ture. given in The Survey should always be saved as they give good ideas of ar- HYMN. "Tell the Glad Story." rangement and other helpful hints for THE MAGAZINE. Have seven women take program makers. the following parts: 1. THE COVER. Use the charming new Each box should also have an envel- poster which contains the cover and is large ope for pictures relating to its contents. enough to be seen across the room. Call Nothing is more valuable than picture- attention to the high artistic merit of the cover (it was produced by a leading cova teaching. Keeping the pictures to il- artist), its fine coloring, the ecclesiastical suggestions of the design and the seal of lustrate our programs will put uS' in the Woman's Board. touch with far away lands and our fel- 2. EDITORIAL NOTES. Hav~ a condenlow workers in them. sation of these given from memory. 3. THE SECRETARIES' NOTES. Have the Such a library as these boxes form most important points in these given from is convenient a~d more valuable and memory, especially emphasizing those of usable than any book ever written. A value to the society. fine missionary library is of great bene- 4. TOPIC OF THE MONTH. Have a five fit and it is well to read every good book minute resume of the articles presenting you can find. But for every day "tools," this. give me my "chest" of clippings! 5. THE ILLUSTRATIONS. Have these des- cribed viv.idly, using incidents or facts 'When a program is to be prepared, gleaned from this or other numbers to make consult your cliJlPings. When you wish them more telling. to inform_yourself upon a mission or a 6. SIGNIFICANT hEMS. Have a number missionary, go to your home-made en- of short, pithy items, brief news notes, cyclopedia. plans, etc., (distributed beforehand) retold by the members in their own language. If you can afford to subscribe to maga- 7. If there is a story or general article zines in other lines costing $1.50 or more, of special interest, have it retold; or have a you can surely afford $1.00 for two sub- poem recited. scriptions to The Surz·ey-one to keep, Here is a suggestion for introducing if keep you must, and one to USE.- (Condensed from a leaflet published by all the missionary magazines of a de- The Woman's Auxiliary.) nomination that comes from a Presby- MAGAZINE MEETINGS terian Christian Endeavor program is- sued a few years ago: "Send for sample Magazine meetings are invaluable for copies of The Assembly H erali, introducing missionary periodicals to a Woman's Work, The Home Mission society and usually result in more maga- Monthly, and Over Sea and Land, and zines being taken and read. have each reviewed by a different per- Such meetings may present one maga- son, special mention being made of the zine or many. For introducing an individual magazine, this program, con- best things in each." Still another plan-one that worked well in the Woman's Missionary Society

of Union Presbyterian Church, Schenec- year, realizing that tho many of the tady-is to procure copies of a number members were subs'Cfibers to The Mis- of different magazines of different de- sionary Survey, they were not as familiar nominations together with THE MIS- with it and its four lines of work as they SIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, Every- ought to be, the Secretary of Literature land and Men and Missions, and present suggested its use as a text-book. "A them in turn, telling something of the great point in favor of the plan," she character and scope and giving brief says, "is the fact that the price of the selections from their pages. By select- magazine (fifty cents) is not much more ing a poem from one, an inspirational than the cost of many of the study books article from another, a missionary's let- anel that by ming it for the few weeks ter from a third, a chart from a fourth, the class is in session, the members would a picture from a fifth, and' so on, a have it for an entire year and perhaps varied and profitable program was given learn to love it 5'0 much that they will that was much enjoyed. The maga- become regular subscribers and readers." zines can be secured at small cost from headquarters or they can be borrowed The January, February and March from missionary workers of different de- numbers of The Missionary Survey nominations in one's own city. formed the text-book, with a file of the magazine, and the prayer calendar for A MAGAZINE STUDY CLASS reference. The splendid maps issued by the Publication Committee were also a From the Maxwell Street Pres'byter- great help. Each of the four causes repian Church, Louisville, Kentucky, comes resented in The Survey and the Circle the report of something new in mission were taken up in turn and thoroughly study. The Ben Bigstaff Mission Circle treated. The meetings were very interwhich had its origin some twenty years estinng and the members were able to ago in a young girls' Bible class taught grasp the wide-spread and varied work of by Mrs. Evans D. Veach, has been hold- their Church as never before. ing a mission study class with The Missionary Survey, the official organ of the The class work occupied one hour each Southern Presbyterian Church, as a week, the order of exercises being as text-book. Through the courtesy of Miss follows: Scripture reading, hymn, pray- Lily Appleton, Secretary of Literature in er; a review of the previous lesson; the Circle, we are enabled to give the questions on the day's lesson; sometimes following account of this interesting ex- a short talk by the leader; closing prayperiment. er. A social hour followed during which sandwiches with tea or chocolate were The Ben Bigstaff Mission Circle, in ac- served. An interesting feature of two cordance with the recommendation of meetings, one on home missions, the the General Assembly of the Southern other on foreign, was the use of the Presbyterian Church, is organized for work along four lines which are also questions published on these topics each included in The Survey-(l) Home Mis- month in The Survey, the answers to sions; (2) Foreign Missions; (3) Chris- which are to be found in the pages of tian Education and Ministerial Relief; the magazine itself. (4) Young People's Work and Sundayschool Extension. The study class should create a de- mand for the magazines. Perhaps it Every winter for the last ten years would be a good plan for every society, the Circle has held a mission study class, once at least, to conduct a study class using the regular text-books. But last along the lines herein described.

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MISSIONADY NEWS LATIN AMERICA takes' a constantly deeper hold. In Peru the celebration of the 100th anniversary Facta About South America of the end of the Inquisition and the agitation for religious liberty indicate SOUTH America is nearly 5,000 miles another approaching emancipation. Chile, long and 3,000 miles wide in the wid- two years ago, was stirred to the depths est part. It embraces ten republics exclu- by the coming of a Papal delegate whose sive of Panama and the Guianas. It has program was to sell various church the largest rivers, the greatest mountain properties in order to remit the proceeds ranges and the densest forests of any to Rome. Fifty thousand people pacontinent in the world. The Amazon raded the streets of Santiago demandhas 60,000 miles of navigable water- ing his expulsion by the government. way. There are 300 tribes of Indians, Opposition to Romanism is especially some of whom have come under the strong among Chilean students' and domination of the Roman Catholic workmen. Church, but many have not yet been reached by Roman Catholics or Protes- An Evangelical Colony in Brazil tants. The population of the continent is about 50,000,000, of whom probably O VER twenty years ago Mr. F. C. 40,000,000 have not had the Gospel pre- Glass, of the South American Evansented to them in a sufficiently intelligent gelical Union, visited Santa Cruz, Goyaz, way for them to understand it. All of Brazil, held two meetings and sold a the rep·.lblics have granted religious few Scriptures. A copy fell into the toleration, but the most bitter opposi- hands of a stranger from the Gamelleira tion to evangelical missionary work District who read it, became interested, still comes' from the priests of the began preaching from it and led eleven Roman Catholic Church. By these the of his neighbors to God. On Mr. Glass' Bible is pronounced an immoral book return later, meetings were held and which will corrupt the minds of those 4S persons were baptized, among them who read it. No continent of the size Jose Pereira, a large landowner of Gaand population of South America has so melleira, who offered a large tract of few missionaries. land for Christian colonization. This was legally made over to the mission, Latin America and Rome fenced, and provided with houses, and a church building to accomodate 300 T HOSE who think that missions in people. Alcohol and tobacco were barred South America are an intrusion up- from the community. Senor Ricardo on an honored branch of the Christian was installed as pastor and for some Church hardly take into consideration years has engaged in itinerating evanthe growing intensity of hatred which gelization through the whole surroundpeoples of Latin America cherish to- ing region. Already there are numbers ward the priests of Rome. Mexicans of s'cattered Christians about, as well as have ordered them out of the country. In Uruguay the revolt against the padres

a body of some 150 in the colony itself. day-school, proprely managed, is to be To minister to their Christian growth, the great evangelizing agency of this summer conventions for Bible study land."

have been held during the last three years. At that of June, 1915, between Protestantism a Force in Mexico four and five hundred persons were in SIGNOR GARZA LEAL, a Y. M. C.

attendance, and before the meeting~ A. secretary, expresses the convic- closed 20 unconverted persons had been tion that Protestantism is' to be one of added to the Church. The village was the main forces in the future progress of crowded with happy guests; all the farm- Mexico. He says that' this form of houses in the neighborhood were filled to Christianity has been a force against overflowing with men and women eager those who rob the lower classes, and that for Bible study and prayer.-Record of it has helped to purify the Roman Cath- Christian Work. olic Church and to rouse it to new activi- ties. Protestantism has helped to de- V Social Service in South America velop in Mexico a middle class. Its ISITORS to South America miss efforts have been especialIy directed to- from the life of the young people, ward the lower classes, who need am- and especially from the lives of the bition to be prosperous, clean, well-edu- young women, the absorption in s'ocial cated, independent, and good. That service which has in the past few years ambition the Protestant Church is help- become almost a passion among large ing to awaken.

numbers of Christian young people in Protestantism has also helped to form North America. The young woman of an educated class and build up the school South America, beautiful and admirable system in Mexico, but greatest of all is in many ways, has been taught to look what it has done for Mexican women.

forward only to marriage and home com- forts as the ends of her existence. A Narrow Escape in Guatemala T Higher education is therefore considered HE dangers that are encountered in disturbed districts of Central superfluous for women, and their active par'ticipation in community betterment America are exemplified in the recent movements is almost unknown. experience of Dr. C. F. F. Secord, a In view of that fact, the work of Miss missionary in Guatemala. When he Estella C. Long in Montevideo, Uraguay, was assisting in the care of the is noteworthy. She has organized the wounded during a short campaign of first teacher-training class among young the Government against revolutionists women of South America, and the girls he was shot, but not seriously, and are taking hold of their work eagerly. with a few others was separated from They are using as a text-book a Spanish the body of the troops. He fell into translation of the late Doctor' Hugh the hands of the revolutionists, who Hamill's Legion of Honor course, and proceeded to strip the doctor and two are engaging in many "through the week others, and then tied them securely to activities" which are excellent forms of stakes driven in a large ant hill. Here social service. They have organized a they were left to be devoured by these Cradle Roll, and each girl is responsible carnivorous insects. The night wore for enroIling and caring for ten babies. on and they waited in awful suspense They have also formed a sewing-guild for the light to break, when the ants to provide clothing for the poor chil- would come out and begin their deadly dren of their community. "I feel con- work. Before morning dawned how- fident," writes Miss' Long, "that the Sun- ever, God answered their prayers and

WORtD-WIDE MISSIONARY

they heard the shouts of some of their way was prepared the week previous by troops who were making a search for meetings for prayer, 16 in number, held them. at the homes of various parishioners.

NORTH AMERICA Centennial of the Bible Society New Prohibition States T HIS year is memorable as the cen- INTOXICATING drink has aptly been tennial year of the American Bible called the "modern demon-possession." Society, which was organized in the con- The casting out of these demons has been sistory room of the Garden Street Re- progressing through legal processes. formed (Dutch) Church, New York, On January 1, 1916, seven more States on May 8, 1816. Sixty men banded them- joined the prohibition army, which is selves together as an organization to pushing forward its forces every year. give to the Word of God a wider circu- The new States which bar intoxicants lation in the world. While the actual are Arkansas, Washington, Idaho, Iowa, centennial anniversary will not take Colorado, South Carolina, Oregon, and place until May, and while the general those already dry are: Maine, Kansas, national gatherings of the different de- Tennessee, Mississippi, Arizona, North nominationS" will have special exercises Carolina, West Virginia, Georgia, North at their annual meetings in May and Dakota, Oklahoma, and Alabama. Vir- June in recognition of the centennial, ginia, having already vqted out the sa- yet it has been urged that churches gen- loons by a surprizing majority, steps in erally regard the entire year as the line next November. Thus one can "Centennial Year" in which the claims start from our farthest northwestern of the American Bible Society shall be point and travel entirely across the laid afresh upon the generosity of God's United States to Cape Hatteras, in dry people.

territory, with the exception of a small Bolton Laymen Organize corner of Wyoming or Utah, which one must traverse to pass from Idaho into A PERMANENT Boston committee Colorado. of the Laymen's Missionary Move-.

A Church Missionary Week ment was organized recently, represent- ing in its· membership the Episcopalian, THE Church of the Atonement, Phila- Congregational, Baptist, Methodist, delphia, recently held a s·eries of Presbyterian, and Universalist denomi- services called A Missionary Week. nations. The principal work of the "The idea of the missionary week," says movement is to be carried on by com- the rector, "is perhaps not new, but the mittees of each denomination, but the sUccess was so wonderful that I hope general committee is expected to help other clergy may try the plan." The them to do their work better. The "plat- services began with Sunday, and were form" adopted at this occasion is to have held on the following evenings, with these "planks": (1) The enlistment of afternoon services for women. Bishops men in church work in enormously in- and missionaries, together with local creased numbers; (2) the adoption by clergy were among the speakers. The each man and each church of a larger choirs of the neighboring parishes co- and more heroic program, including operated. The congregations at the eve- service to the whole world; (3) the ap- ning services averaged 350, and the in- plication of whole-hearted cooperation fluence of the Week was felt in all the within a church and between denomi- adjoining parishes·. A large measure of nations. An every-member canvass the success is due to the fact that the annually, and of a very thorough na-

ture, IS planned for every church in illto Christian truth i" constantiy inthe Boston district. creasing. Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer is an active member of the Society, the The Home Mission Task To-day secretary of which is Mrs. James M. Montgomery, Box 888, New York T HOSE are wrong who think erro- City. neously that the occasion for home mis'sion work in America is largely pass- Missions Boards and Theological ed. We must remember that a home missionary frontier consists of new com- A Students munities or new situations because of NEW and important move was which people without adequate religious made when 34 students, representprovision are as a matter of fact home ing seven theological seminaries of the missionary needs and opportunities in Protestant Episcopal Church, met at America are larger today than at any the Church Missions House, New York, other time in the past one hundred years. for a two days' conference in January. There are more new communities spring- One of the significant facts was that ing up without church provision than the initiative was taken by the semiat any other time. Moreover the popu- naries rather than by the Board. lation is a more shifting population. The first day was devoted to a study Possibly, however, the most insistent of the missionary enterprise and the missionary appeal of to-day, is that present conditions and needs of various which arises from the immigration to fields. The second day was devoted to America of millions from the Old methods'; the Conference visited the WOlld, coming in recent years from the several departments of the Church Mislands of the closed Bible. The spiri- sions House and saw its machinery in tualization of this host of new Ameri- operation, after which brief addresses cans is one of the pressing tasks of were given by the heads of the various home missions.-Rev. C. E. BARTON, departments, stating how the work of D.D., in The Congregationalist. each is conducted.

T American Work for Moslems The responsibility of theological stu- HE organization of the American dents took up the last afternoon with Christian Literature Society for papers on mission study, offerings, re- Moslems, Inc. offers a channel through cruiting, and intercession read by men which Christian truth can be sent into from the various seminaries. all parts of the Moslem world. Since the organization of the American Com- It is hoped that large results may mittee of the Nile Mission Press of follow this effort to relate the future Cairo in 1910, this committee and its clergy to the missionary enterprise of successor the Society, has forwarded the church. over $48,000 for the work of the Nile Mission Press and for Dr. Samuel M. Christian Relief of the Jews Zwemer's newspaper evangelism among Moslems. In one year ten and one-half O NE of the horrors of the present million pages of Christian literature war is the number of sufferers who were printed for Moslems and dis- have been innocent of belligerent acts tributed in China, Russia, India, Per- and who are helpless in the face of an sia, Malaysia, Turkey, Arabia, and enemy. Perhaps the largest class of Africa, where Arabic is' read. As a these sufferers are the J ew& in Russian result the number of Moslem inquirers Poland, Galicia, and neighboring dis- tricts. Their homeland is the battle ground for Russia and the central powers and both sides seem to add to their afflictions. Not only have the

16] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Jews of America taken steps for the in their own language. These have relief of the sufferers, but even earlier been printed by the British and Foreign the Christians of America and England Bible Society in the syllabic character, opened a relief fund. The Jewish Mis- and in this connection we owe Mr.

sions of Great Britain have been -dis- Bilby an unspeakable debt of gratitude.

tributing generous contributions and a He has not only helped to write por- Russian Jew Relief Fund has recently tions of the New Testament in syllabics, been established in Canada with Sir but he has also prepared the Book of W m. Mortiimer Clark as Chairman, Exodus for the Eskimo. There are now ThomaS' Findly, Esq., Treasurer (88 many of these people in Baffin Land, Admiral Road, Toronto, Canada), and who have learned to read in this simple Rev. J. McP. Scott, D.D., as Secre-. character, and not only do they read, tary. It is estimated that out of but they try to understand what they 14,000,000 Jews, no less than 10,000,000 read. They also take with them tht are affected by the war. Millions are Word of God to places where it is destitute and homelesS' and starving. quite impossible for white men to go; Now is the time to manifest to them so friends will readily see what a won- the spirit of Christ. derful factor God's Word is in refer- ence to Eskimo evangelization, and what Jewish Relief for Suffering Jews scope there is for prayer that it may become still better known among the THE Jews of the United States an- many and scattered tribes of Eskimo."

nounce that they will raise $5,000,- 000 as a relief fund for members of EUROPE-BRITISH ISLES their race in the war-stricken countries A Revival Needed in Britain of Europe. At a meeting in Carnegie V Hall, New York, $800,000 was sub- ICE-ADMIRAL SIR DAVID BEATTY, Commander of the First scribed to this fund in a single evening.

Nor is the money coming only from the British Battle Cruiser Squadron, whose very wealthy. The poor are contribut- ships won a victory over the Germans ing generously. One Jewish workman, in the North Sea, has made a stirring earning $7 a week, is giving $3.50 a appeal for a great religious revival in week to the fund, or half his wages. On England. A letter from him was read the recent Jewish "Tag Day" (January at the annual convention of the Society 27th), it is said that $2,000,000 were for the Propagation of Christian contributed to the relief fund. The suf- Knowledge, in which he says: ferings of the Jews have been terrible, "Surely Almighty God does not in- everywhere in the war zone. The Jews tend this war to be just a hideous of America have sent $1,085,000 for the fracas or a blood-drunken orgy. There relief of their brethren in Russia, $600,- must be a purpose in it. Improvement 000 to Germany, $430,000 to Austria- must come out of it.

Hungary, and $109,243 to Palestine. "In what direction? France has al- I Eskimo Hungry for the Word ready shown the way and has risen N a recent letter a missionary tells out of her ruined cities with a revival of religion that is wonderful. Russia how eager these savages are for has been welded into a whole, and re- God's word. He says: "The Eskimo ligion plays a great part. England have now, chiefly through the trans- still remains to be taken out of the lations of the devoted Moravian stupor or self-satisfaction and com- Brethren, the whole of the New Testa- placency into which her flourishing ment and other parte of Holy Scripture condition has steeped her. Until she

can be stirred out of this condition, oversight of the work, the position of until a religious revival takes place. Acting-Director was accepted by Rev. just so long will the war continue. D. F. Mackenzie, a successful minister of the United Free Church of Scot- "When she can look on the future land.-The Christian. with humbler eyes and a prayer on her lips, then we can begin to count Bibles for the German Troops the days toward the end. Your society is helping to this end, and so is help- THE war has stirred German Cathing to bring the war to a successful olicism to the distribution of the end." Scriptures. A Catholic press in Trier published an edition of Matthew; also Oriental Students in British Universities a pocket edition containing a Harmony of the Gospels and the Acts. The THERE are very few Christian Episcopal approbation remarks: "Especi- Unions among British university ally in the camps and hospitals is there an earnest desire for religious edificamen where some attempt is not now tion. One can not satisfy this hunger made to show friendship and to give of Christian heroes better than by the help to Oriental students. East and distribution of the Scriptures which, as West Societies are being founded, which manna, is a food from heaven full of British and Oriental students join as all sweetness for believing hearts and members. These societies hold debates of spiritual power. May the Divine and social gatherings, and are bridging Spirit which talks in the Holy Scripthe gulf cut by race prejudice. In tures to humanity give to all readers London the hostel for Oriental stu- grace to understand, so that it may be dents, opened in 1913, is being carried a source of wisdom, a lamp to their on, and efforts are made to help the feet, and a light to their path." Germen in the choice of lodgings and the man Catholics are raising large sums obtaining of suitable friends. A grow- for the printing and distribution of ing circle of British Christian people these Bible portions. are offering the hospitality of their homes for the vacations. As far as Gospels for Italian Soldiers possible f6reign student secretaries are appointed in the larger university THE Scripture Gift Mission is discentres, and the work is all supervised tributing the Word of God as by one secretary whose headquarters are in London. The Chinese Students widely as possible in Italy, where there Christian Union has become a strong has never been such a golden opporand important organization, and holds tunity of sowing the Gospel Seed as an annual conference at Swanwick. now. There is not only absolute free- This Union has its own full-time secre- dom from all legal restrictions and obtary, its magaz~ne and local meetings. stacles, but also in great part from A similar Unic).ll has recently been priestly interference. established among Christian students from India and Ceylon. "Three millions of Italy'S young men are, or soon will be, under arms, A Successor to Dr. Guinness men from every region and of every social condition, exposed to great hard- WHEN the late Dr. Harry Grattan ship, self-sacrifice and temptation and Guinness, at the close of twenty- face to face with instantaneous death or mutilation for life. The result of eight years of responsibility as Acting- this is to make them think as they Director of the Regions Beyond Mis'- never did before and when the altersionary Union, gave up the general natives of life and death are before

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

them, the tendency to atheism of the reduced to slavery by the wealthy last few years seems suddenly stemmed Turks'. For this purpose they were put as by a miracle. There is an intense up for sale either at Bit-Bazar or at yearning among the men for spiritual Le Han des Persons in Stambou1. help. A spiritual worker in Italy says: Orphan children of from 8 to 12 years I wish I could express their soul hunger were sold for 2 medj idiehs (about for comfort and the way in which $1.60) while older girls fetched a higher they crowd round and ask for Gospels. price. In one case a pasha of great I wish you could see them stretching wealth bought one in order to make out their hands and asking over one her a present to a friend. This was another's shoulders for the Gospel." told me by a Belgian who was an eye- witness of the transaction. The sale Salvation Army in Russia of slaves at Constantinople, however, was not carried on on the same scale THE Salvationists have opened in as at Adana, for instance. There I Petrograd a home for refugees from learn that thousands of orphan girls were sold for a piece of bread each." Poland. Seven Salvationists are to take part in the relief expeditIOn which Life of Livingstone for Moslem Boys the Russian government has organized for the Armenians, which will be fi- THE Nile Mission Press of Cairo in nanced by the Grand Duchess' Tatjanas connection with the World's Sun- Fund. day-school Association, has recently is- sued an edition of fourteen thousand Another Russian Reform copies of an illustrated Boy's Life of David Livingstone. This edition is to ONE great moral disability of the be circulated among Moslem boys Russian people disappeared with through the Christian Sunday-school scholars in Egypt, the Sudan, Arabia the prohibition at vodka. A second and Algiers. The St. Paul's Congrehas now followed in the breaking up gational Sunday-school of Brooklyn, of the Russian Pale, the region in the N. Y., is paying two-thirds of the west of Russia to which the Jews expense. Those who know the kind were compelled to restrict their resi- of books usually read by Moslem boys dence. They are now free under the and the great dearth of interesting, Imperial sanction, pending an exami- wholesome literature will realize the nation of the whole question, to reside importance of this work in which the anywhere in the empire except in the Nile Mission Press and the World's cities of Petrograd and Moscow, and Sunday-school Association are cooperother places under the immediate juris- ating. They also published in 1915 diction of the ministry of war and the 24,500 copies of story parables for Imperial court. Moslems by Miss Trotter, 7,600 pam- phlets written by Dr. Zwemer for MOSLEM LANDS Moslem men, and 20,000 useful leaflets for teachers. The total output of the A Armenians Sold in Turkey press for 1915 was $53,000 pamphlets N English paper, The Anti-Slavery and leaflets in Arabic, Turkish and Reporter and Aborigines' Friend, Persian versions may follow. The publishes the following letter, trans- World's S. S. Association Committee lated from the French, which appeared on work among Moslems is composed in a Swiss paper, and states that the assertions made in it have been con- of Bishop J. C. Hartzell, Chairman; Dr. firmed by the International Bureau in Geneva. "A number of young Armenian girls were brought to Constantinople in order that they might be

E. F. Frease, Miss A. Y. Thompson, less open result-six boys, four Mo- Dr. S. M. Zwemer, Dr. John Giffen hammedans and two Jews asking for and Rev. Stephen Trowbridge, Sec- baptism this year-God knows what retary. may be in the hearts of others.

Conditions in Armenia as the day.' "-The Christian.

T HE quiet that has come over the An Object Lesson for the Arab Armenians of Asia Minor is the silence of death. How many have AN incident in the life of Dr. Paul been killed, how many deported and W. Harrison, of the Arabian Mishow many women and girls are pris- sion of the Reformed Church, shows oners, none can tell. Some five thou- how a missionary may live out the sand are in Egypt, thousands are in gospel of sacrifice which he proclaims. Russia and Persia and hundreds of An Arab one day brought a child to thousands are still in Turkey. The him, suffering from a disease which re- American Armenian Relief Committee, quired the transfusion of blood as the of which Dr. James L. Barton is chair- only hope of a cure. Dr. Harrison man, has forwarded to date about asked the father if he would allow a $300,000, which are being used to save vein in his own arm to be opened in the remnant of these unfortunate order that his blood might be transpeople. There are 225,000 of the mitted into the body of his child. His refugees in Tiflis alone and relief refusal was' instant and final. Then costs $5.00 per capita a month. Turk- Dr. Harrison quietly opened a vein in ish authorities refused to allow any his own arm and gave the blood necescommission to go into the country to sary to restore that child. The father administer relief. Many of the uttered his amazement by declaring that American missionaries remain at their he would not have done that for a posts in Turkey, but eleven have died house filIed with gold.

in the past ten months. INDIA The Russian forces have occupied Work for India's Young Men Van and are reported to have surrounded Erzerum, in which are 80,000 THE growth of the Young Men's Turkish troops. Christian Association in India, and its adaptability to the needs of the A Christian School in Persia native young men have been remark- THE furloughs of Rev. and Mrs. S. able. There are now over 200 active M. Jordan, of Teheran, Persia, Associations in India and Ceylon, each having been postponed on account of association having from one to five war conditions, Mrs. Jordan writes of branches. Some associations are small, thankfulness that their health makes it with only a handful of members, where- possible for them to remain where as the Colombo Association, with over they are needed. "In spite of the 1,000 members, is the largest in the troublous times and the added oppo- National Union. The total membership sition to Christians," she says, "we reaches to nearly 12,000. Of these, have had a good year in school and three-quarters are Indians and over half out. Our 534 boys, 50 of whom are the latter are non-Christians. 190 sec- in the two boarding departments, have retaries are on the staff of the Indian given us much to do. We have in no Association Movement: Indian, 95 ; way lessened our evangelistic work in British, 51; American, 41; Continental, Bible class, Y. M. C. A., Brotherhood, 3. In addition to the above, who are or with individuals, and tho there is all paid workers, there is a large num-

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

ber of honorary secretaries, practically Troubles of German Missionaries all of whom are Indians. More progress has been made in the securing of THE German missionaries in India Indian secretaries during the past ten who were interned, as well as those months than in the previous half decade. Nor in numbers alone has there been still at large, received notice about the advance, for the educational standard middle of August that they would be has been raised practically to the equiv- repatriated to Germany, or, in the case alent of the B. A. The fact that B. of men under forty-eight years of age, A.'s and M. A.'s are now asking for be sent as prisoners of war to Ahmedmen with university degrees, admission nagar. All the members of the Schlesto training for the secretaryship puts wig Holstein mission and all the Gerthis profession in an altogether differ- man members of the Basel mission had ent light in the eyes of Indian young already been removed from their stamen. tions. In the Hermannsburg mission the effect of the new order left only German Missionaries in India one missionary, who happened to be a British subject; and in the Leipzig THE National Missionary Council, mission, from which only three mis- representing missions from all parts sionaries had been previously removed, the effect was to leave only two men of India, passed the following reso- and two women, who are Russian sublution at its annual meeting: "The jects. The Bishop of Madras had National Missionary Council desires to several interviews with the Governor place on record an expression of its of Madras, requesting him to modify deep thankfulness to God for the dis- the order, and several missionaries on interested and self-denying labors of health and other grounds were allowed German mis'sionaries in India, to which to remain. The German missions relief we owe the establishment, not only of committee, of which the Bishop of the existing German, but also of some Madras is a member, sent a letter, of the most flourishing British Mis- which the bishop signed, to each GersIOns. The Council is convinced that man missionary, in which they exprest their labors have throughout been in- "distress at the manifestation of bitterspired by devotion to Jesus Christ, and ness in the public press," stating that directed to the spiritual elevation of they had done their best "to prevent the people of India. . . . the passing of premature judgmentS' on the political question, and still more to "The Council deeply regrets that the help our fellow missionaries to mainlabors of the missionaries have in- tain an attitude of brotherliness toward evitably been interrupted, and sym- you all personally," and begging them pathizes with them in their present on their part "to refrain from criticism separation from the work which they either of Government or of British love. Further, the Council deplores missionaries."-The Church Missionary that the exigencies of the war have led Society Review. to the interruption of that fellowship between German and other mission- A Young Moslem Convert aries which was enjoyed before its commencement, and earnestly hope that on THREE years ago a young Pathan the conclusion of peace, in the good accompanied his father to the providence of God, conditions may be such as to make possible the resump- Church Missionary Society hospital at tion of this happy cooperation in the Peshawar, near the Khyber PaS's. A task of extending Christ's Kingdom." serious abdominal operation was per- formed on the old man, from which he

recovered. The son while there bought tian surroundings, especially if they a Gospel. Last summer the young man, are illiterate." now twenty years of age, went again to the hospital and stated that he A A Woman's Medical Colle~e wished to become a Christian. He had MOVEMENT is now well under met no Christian in the interval and way to establish a union medical had no teaching beyond what he college for women in Southern India. learned from that Gospel, but he had The city of Vellore has been chosen as quietly made his determination and he the place to locate the college, and the had already learned something of the government of India has given twenty cost. His people were angry, and took acres of land for the site with a promeverything from him, and tho he is a ise of more help. The mission board boy of good family he possesses nothing of the Dutch Reformed Church has but the clothes he wears. He is now given $50,000 toward the hospital, and working in the hospital, getting as yet a like amount has been secured from only a living wage, but learning some- the legacy of Mrs. Rockefeller. This thing of what it means to be a Chris- comes through the Woman's Baptist tian. foreign missionary society. But other large sums will be needed to provide Cross and Crescent in India necessary buildings and equipment for such an institution as the plans call THE Rev. R. F. Pearce writes in the for. It is the purpose to make this a North India Gleaners: "I regret high grade medical college where young women may receive the same training to say that the Mohammedans are for medical service as they would renow making a set at our people. The ceive in England or the United States. first to secede was a man at Bollobhpur who had been a Mohammedan convert An Appeal From Indian Villages some years ago, and went back to live with his relations. He was followed by THE following letter, received by a two families of Christian parentage at missionary in South India, is typi- Bhitapara. It is not uncommon for a Mussulman convert to relapse, but I have cal of the mass movement toward never before heard of Indians of Chris- Christianity: "Sir : We have been tian parentage going among Moham- idolaters in accordance with our ancient medans, and found their isolation in- custom. Now we have understood that convenient. I went over to see them, there is no use in such worship, and but could not find the heads of the have therefore resolved to turn to families. I saw a son of one family, Christ. There is no mission working and he said lie did not want to be a in this region. The Roman Catholics Mohammedan, but his father called have visited us, but we have heard that him to the mosque, and told him to there are some defects in .their religion. repeat some words after the moulvi. Weare farmers'. We are very desirous He did so, and was then told that he of believing in the Lord Jesus Christ. was a Mohammedan. He did not under- We, thetefore, beg you to come to us stand what the words meant. It is and to preach to us (the helpless chilobvious that there is no religious con- dren of the devil) the Good Tidings, viction in a conversion to Islam. I and turn us to the way of salvation. hope that some members' of these fami- Hoping you wiIl send us a comforting lies will come back, but the whole in- promise. Signed by or on behalf of all cident shows the dangerous position of the adult inhabitants of Ponnamanda." isolated Christian families in non-Chris- -Missionary Tidings.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

CHINA cities of China had been added to the China', Two Needs already eXisting Council. A Scout Rally which was held at this time, in ELDER LIN, of Tsinanfu, Shantung which all the Shanghai scouts and a province, who, at eighty-seven patrol {rom Canton took part, brought the movement into so much prominence years of age, is the oldest living Chris- that the executive officers of the Boy tian of the 10,000 Presbyterian church Scouts Association of China have diffimembers in Shantung, has sent by a culty in coping with the work of organreturning missionary this message to ising new troops and supplying infor- American Christians: "China has only mation to those whose interest has two needs, she needs to guard her been aroused.-Chinese Recorder. mouth and to guard her heart. China needs to guard the mouth-she needs to watch out for everything which will. $300,000 for Shantung Christian make it easier for her people to 'get University over the days,' and to have food and comfort in their lives. We must care WORK on the new buildings for the Shantung Christian Univerfor our country's material prosperity. And we need to guard the heart. Now, sity at Tsinanfu, China, is being pushed the Chinese heart is a heart of fear. rapidly and $100,000 has already been Rich and poor, old and young, every contributed for the main recreation one of us naturally fears both men and haIl, the chapel, the science hall, five devil. What we need is to know about residences and one dormitory. Another sum of $245,000 has also been conthe heart of love." Elder Lin has sent two grandsons to tributed toward the Y. M. C. A. build- America to prepare themselves to meet ing, three dormitories, the teachers' these two needs: one is studying mining training college, a model Chinese vilengineering and the other, who expects lage for residences of Chinese proto be a preacher, is taking a post- fessors and university employees, a graduate course at Princeton Seminary. power house, university press, machine repair shop, and other necessary ad- The Scout Movement in China juncts of university and mission life.

T HE Chinese Boy Scouts' Associa- The entire amount needed will be at tion was established in 1913 with least $300,000.

the exprest purpose of spreading the Social Service in Shanghai scouting idea throughout the country, and altho the Association has been THE East Gate Social Service House working quietly and within a limited in Shanghai, opened last spring, was area it has always kept in view the the first effort of the missionaries to gain object of making the movement a nat- a place in this neighborhood. Miss ional one. During the week of Olympic Silver, a Presbyterian miSSIOnary, Games held in Shanghai in May, 1915, writes: "For years this district, where an enthusiastic meeting of people inter- the most intelligent and enterprising of ested in the movement was held, and the Chinese business men are found, has it was decided to consider the gather- remained at our doorS', one of the least ing the first meeting of the national evangelized parts of the city of Shang- Boy Scouts Association of China, and to hai. We have felt that we must accept recognize the original Chinese Boy the responsibility for work, yet our force Scouts Association as the (National) has remained too small to cope with the Boy Scouts Association of China after problem. Gifts for land and hall came at least six representatives of the great to us and we felt the Lord Himself was

challenging us to a bolder faith and a dark women began to arrive in carts more perfect obedience to the call of from far in the country. Here the the need. With only part of the funds crowd was so great that the lantern needed for the first year's current ex- was placed in the court, and the church penses we went forward and decided on and court were packed with ticketthe place where we wanted to open holders while the roofs of all the neighwork, and what was our surprize to find boring houses were black with the a three-story building of European people."-Harlan P. Beach. architecture with a pleasing exterior and the inside almost suited to our needs. What Progress Has Been Made Has not the Lord gone before us, and shall we not be strong and very coura- THE latest statistics of evangelical geous, believing in the future of this church membership in the republic work and surmdUnt the difficultieS' that face every new venture?" of China gave 470,000. The churches are served by 546 ordained Chinese Student Volunteers in Peking pastors and 5,364 unordained workers. There are also 4,712 Chinese Christian THE annual message of the Student school teachers, 1,789 Bible women, and Volunteers of Peking University is 496 native assistants in the hospital. Chinese Christians' contributed last 'year inspiring reading. "The Gospel Team $320,000 for Christian work. There are started out on their first venture the 85,241 Chinese boys and g~rls in primlatter part of June-eight young men ary and day schools of the various all drest in khaki uniforms, with pith missions and 31,384 students in the helmets on their heads, with banners intermediate and high schools and coland cornets, bugles and drums, a magic leges maintained by the evangelical lantern, a bundle of books, and glad church. The hospitals number 235. hearts-a little band of soldiers of the with 200 dispensaries. Patients treated Gospel of Peace with the helmet of last year, 1.322,802. salvation upon their heads, the sword of the Spirit in their hands. Plans JAPAN AND KOREA were perfected before they left Peking, and words of hearty welcome had A Unique Gift of Japanese Christian come from pastors along their route. Stuoents In each place posters announced the coming of the team with the Gospel THO the war has been respon~ message and musical and lantern at- sible for engendering hatred and tractions. In most places the crowds were so great the first night that bitterness. it has also been the occatickets for admission were given out sion for many beautiful expressions of for succeeding nights; and even then a truly Christian spirit. One of the the churches were usually crowded with most unique of these is the action of women, while the windows were re- the Christian students of Japan, who at moved and the courts packed with men Christmas time sent fifty Christmas and boys. At Chien So, where they trees to the twelve stations where Gercame into the region of flat roofs. man prisoners of war are detained and the chief of police came with a very also 50,000 sheets of writing paper. courteous but unusual request, that the several thousand envelopes and some girls from the government school might candles. On the letter paper was be permitted to come, promising an printed in German a Christmas greetextra guard for the night. Long before ing and the words: "The Lord is our Refuge and Strength, a very present help in trouble."

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

There are many evidences of genuine geiist, are "nothing short of marvel- spiritual life in the Japanese student lous," compelling one to recognize the movement to-day. In all the student vigor and resourcefulness of the J apan- hostels it is the custom to have a sun- ese church, as well as the power of rise prayer and Bible reading service God.-Congregationalist together. A majority of the residents attend. Students are also accustomed ISLANDS OF THE SEA at certain times of the year to hold sunrise prayer meetings on a neighbor- American Schools in the Philippines ing mountain or beneath some tree which has acquired sacred associations'. THE wonderful educational work Such occasions seem to mean more to which the American government has Japanese students than to those of Western lands. built up in the Philippines has brought into being a magnificent body of 9,000 Japan's Evangelistic Campaign English-speaking teachers of native stock. The fact that these are in THE three years' evangelistic cam- touch with Anglo-American ideals and paign, which was initiated and literature, rather than with Spanish, will have an enormous influence in planned by the Christians of Japan, is bringing the Philippines into the chan- now more than half over, and it is nel of a reformed type of Christianity. possible to point out some of its char- acteristics up to this time. One of its Missionary Spirit in the South Seas best results has been the developing of a spirit of cooperation and the break- ONE of the most remarkable features ing down of denominational barriers. of missionary enterprise in the A significant feature of the movement Pacific has been the missionary spirit is that it has not been necessary to of the Polynesian Church. In every call in famous speakers from abroad group, without exception, this has been in order to interest the common people. manifested in such a marked degree • Japanese pastors and laymen have not that it is not too much to say that no only drawn crowds, but have perceptibly part of the world can show a finer imprest cities like Tokio, Osaka and record of missionary enthusiasm and Kyoto, so that the newspapers and the self-sacrifice than these islands of the men on the street for the first time Southern Seas. No sooner has the found Christianity a live subject for Polynesian convert realized the signifi- comment and consideration. cance of the Divine love than he has become possest by a desire to pasS' on The campaign has used all methods: the good news to others. From island it has revived street preaching; the to island, and from group to group, automobile and the newspapers have the evangel has spread, and the re- been prest into service; Japanese Chris- markable success of missionary effort tians have not hesitated to pay at in the Pacific has been due, not so almost advertising rates' for space in much to the labors of the white mis- the most prominent pages of Tokio sionaries, as to the humble, but no less dailies for concise but convincing sum- heroic efforts of the native Christians. maries of Christian truth that have gone not only to tens of thousands of While the churches of Polynesia have subscribers, but have been distributed given of their best manhood and wo- personally or through the mails to many manhood for this noble work, those others as well. who have stayed behind have not been lacking in practical sympathy. Most The results, says the Japan Evan- of the older missions in the Pacific are self-supporting, that is to say, they

build their own churches, maintain Rev. Duncan Travers, secretary of their own schools, and support their the Universities' Mission to Central Af- own teachers, the only charge on the rica, writes that the mission has no very Missionary Society being the mainten- definite information concerning the ance of the European staff, and the forty-two missionaries who are im- schools for .higher education. But in prisoned in German East Africa; no addition to this, something like $75,000 communication with them is possible. per year is contributed by the Poly- They are allowed to see no letters, but . nesian churches, for foreign effort. the mission has been informed by the AFRICA Bishop of Zanzibar that parcels sent to the Naval Officer-in-Charge, at Zanzi- Winning Moslem Boys and Girls bar, may perhaps be forwarded. The members of the mission who are interned NOT long ago the World's Sunday have received .no communication what- School Association had published ever from their friends since August, 1914. The mission has reason to beat the Nile Mission Press in Cairo more lieve that they are somewhere on the than 20,000 copies of Christian story- line between Dar-es-Salaam and Lake parables in the Arabic language. These Tanganyika, and from the latest intelliwere given to the children in the Sun- gence it is understood that they are all day-schools of Egypt as awards for alive. bringing new scholars and for learning portions of the Scripture by heart. "No tidings of the Church Missionary The pastor of Baiyadia, a smalI town Society representatives in German East in Middle Egypt, reports that after the Africa were received for many months, first week fifteen Moslem boys entered the Sunday-school for the first time and some fear was felt for their safety and ten Moslem girls. The lesson wa~ until one of the secretaries of the Ber- on temperance and they were so keenly lin Missionary Society sent, most interested that they have all been thoughtfully, through Pastor Wurz, of coming ever since, su the prospect is Basel, Switzerland, the following mes- that they will become regular pupils. sage: 'If you are writing to a member of From the Zaraby church the pastor, the Church Missionary Society, please Ibrahim Dewairy, r~ports 40 new send a cordial greeting from me and say pupils as the result of the first an- that I have received news from our mis- nouncement of these story-parables as sionaries in German East Africa that prizes. the brothers of the Church Missionary Society are, under the circumstances, British Missionaries in German East doing well, and that our Lrethren are in Africa every possible way helping them and their work. Also I have written a cor- MORE has been heard of the suffer- dial greeting to the brethren of the Church Missionary Society (in German ings of German mis'Sionaries than of East Africa), and said that we should the British for two reasons: (1) There like to do whatever is in our power for are many more Germans in British terri- them and their work." tory or conquered provinces than vice versa. (2) The British missionaries in In West Africa the British troops German East Africa have not been sent have succeeded in driving the German home, and practically nothing has been forces (15,000 men) out of Kamerun heard from them. A recent report from into Spanish Guinea, where they were Great Britain says of these interned disarmed and interned. The British ocmissionaries;

J)16] WORLD-WIDE MlSSIONARY NEWS

enpied Lolodorf, January 28th, one of "It was a supreme moment for some the mission stations of the American when that trio of voices responded 'I Presbyterians. renounce , . . . the religion of Islam.'

Revival in South Africa Their voices said that. Their faces said 'vVe have found something so A REVIVAL has recently come at much better.' The vision of those Rusitu, Gazaland. Missionaries three white-robed figures as they stood tell of remarkable scenes of rich bless- before us on Sunday afternoon and the ing, the power of the Holy Spirit. echo of that threefold response will Large numbers have surrendered them- never be forgotten." selves to Christ and have been baptized.

Mr. Rees Howells, one of the mission- Lovedale Institution aries writes: "The first three days were a time of confessions and pleading for THE Lovedale Missionary Institution, mercy. Then the next two, they came South Africa, looks forward to to liberty, and, oh, the joy, the whole celebrating its seventy-fifth anniversary congregation bursting out into joyous next July. In this connection it is inthanksgiving! On Friday morning, 60 teresting to note that at least one native stood up for baptism, wanting to be- family has never been without a reprecome members of the church. On Sat- sentative in the Institution during these urday, we all went down the river, and three-quarters of a century. On July the service lasted from 9.30 a.m. till 24, 1841, Jacob Bokwe was one of the 5 p.m., and many of the heathen were original 20 pupils with whom the Instiheld spellbound throughout that time. tution began. Twenty-five years later It was a glorious sight to see two at his S'On, John Knox Bokwe, entered as a time coming into the river." a pupil, and remained on as a valued member of the staff long after his Algerian Women Baptized school course was completed. Succeed- ing members of Mr. Knox Bokwe's T HE first Arab women in modern family have kept up the continuity, times to accept Christ publicly in coming and going without any break, Algeria were baptized early in the the four now in residence being, of winter in the North Africa Mission of course, Lovedalians of the third generathe Methodist Episcopal Church. Miss tion. Jacob Bokwe, his wife, and his E. R. Loveless, acting principal of the wife's sister were all received into the Constantine Girls' Home, describes the Church as full members on March 31, occasion: 1844.

"Weare not working here among Copts or Armenians, but directly among MISCELLANEOUS the Arabs and Berbers-bigoted Mohammedans. The baptism of our How Can I Keep Informed About native woman Roheiha, and the two Missions girls Sherifa and Hajeela (November 7th) was a wonderfully impress'ive occa- 1. By spending some money on my own sion, for these were the first native missionary education. women in Constantine to publicly con- How much has it cost thus far? fess Christ. No one could doubt the happiness of all three, for their faces 2. By reading mis'sionary books and literally shone with joy and their clear, ma!;azines. How many have I read this year?

firm responses showed their intelligent 3. By joining a missionary discussion understanding of the step they were group.

taking. Is there one in my church?

4. By attending missionary conven- establishing of one station after an- tions. other which to-day are strategic and How many have I attended? important mission centers. He was a man of untiring energy, and had visited 5. By contact with missionaries. in his evangelistic tours practically every church in a district about the How many do I know? size of England. His three daughters are all engaged in missionary work, 6. By acting on what I know now. and one of his sons is in charge of a Am I doing this? mission hospital. The Archdeacon was respected and loved alike by the mis- 7. By passing on what I learn. sionaries, the European commttnity, How much have others learned and the Chinese for whom he had worked for so many years. through me? -Laymen's. Missionary Movement. American Board Miuionaries in Turkey OBITUARY NOTES SINCE May 1, 1915, 11 American Board missionaries connected with D Dr. Ira Harris of Syria R. IRA HARRIS has died at the three Asiatic Turkey missions have Tripoli, after more than thirty died. The end came to all but one (Dr. years of service in the Syria Mission Barnum) in the midst of their work, of the Presbyterian Board. Devoted as and most of them came to ,the end of he was to his medical work, Dr. Harris their labors because of the hardships never permitted it to crowd out his and overexertion connected with the missionary motive. On the label of war. every bottle of medicine that went out from his hospital he had printed pas- Mrs. Mary E. Barnum, May 9, 1915. sages of Scripture, so that every time a dose of medicine was taken the pa- Miss Charlotte E. Ely, July 11, 1915. tient would be reminded of Christ the great Physician. He was recognized Mrs. Elizabeth B. Ussher, July 14, as a man of wise judgment and poise, and several times has acted as the 191~ . American Consular Agent at Tripoli. At the time of his death this was the Rev. George P. Knapp, August 10, case. Whenever there were special 1915. cans because of famine or plague, Dr. Harris was likely to be the first one ~o M; rs= . ~ George C. Raynolds, August 27, to respond. 1915.

Archdeacon Wolfe of China Mrs Helen D. Thorn, September 9, 1915. Ir" the d~ath at Foochow of Arch- deacon J. R. Wolfe, in the eighty- Rev. Francis H. Leslie, October 30, second. year of his age, the Church 1915. Missionary Society has lost one of its pioneer missionaries. The Archdeacon, Daniel M. B. Thom, M.D., December who set sail for China in 1861, had 6, 1915. almost completed fifty-four years of foreign service. As a pioneer mission- Rev. Henry S. Barnum, D.D., Decemary, his journeys over the province, ber 10, 1915. preaching and teaching, led to the Fred D. Shepard, M.D, December 18, 1915 Henry H. Atkinson, M.D., December 25, 1915.

til,I BOOKS ON MI3SIONS m,/ ,'

AND ,…………………………i MISSION LANDS ,-•…, …../":/' I India and Its Faiths. By James Bissett Mr. Pratt's book is marked by frank- Pratt. Illustrated. 8vo. 843 pp. $4.00, net. Houghton, Miffiin Co., 1915. ness and fairness. If at times he seems to be too optimistic as to the religious In accordance with the statement of situation, the fault springs from his the preface, this remarkably readable eager desire to see the good in all move- book is not an attempt to write another ments which look toward an understand- treatise on the religions of India, but ing of the truth. A second characteristic rather to reveal through the eyes of a is the writer's ability to stand off and traveler and one interested in the general look at a problem, even the Christian problems of psychology and the phil- religion, and see both its strength and its osophy of religion, the Indian religious weakness. Apparently he has been try- life as it is to-day, without partizanship irg to divest his mind, at least for the or antecedent bias. It is a tribute to time being, of all favoritism. It is sig- Mr. Pratt's power of observation that nificant that one lays down the book in the comparatively short trip coveril1~ without any doubt in his mind that the the autumn, winter and spring of 1913- writer recognizes in Christianity a pre- 14, he could get such an insight into the eminence among the religions of the heart of the religious situation of India. world, which is a strong vindication of The book contains twenty-one chap- its claims. Similarly, while looking ters. The first chapter "On Avoiding fairly at Indian faiths, the author is un- Misunderstandings" might well be read sparing in his criticism of their defects.

by all who are trying to comprehend the In speaking of the teachers, priests and situations in the Far East. Mr. Pratt's holy men of India and their degenera- cautions as to the taking of testimony tion, he says: and the need of openmindedness are "Perhaps the saddest part of this exceedingly valuable. whole process of degeneration is to be The next five chapters cover: "Hindu found not in the loss of belief, not in the Worship," "The Hindu Pilgrim," "The meaningless forms, not even in the im- Many Gods," "The One God," and moralities and obscenities connected "Duty and Destiny." They give a gen- with some of the sects, but in the hypoc- eral statement of the religious situation risy and sham inevitably bred when an and a very strong and vigorous picture orthodox but unspiritual conservatism which serves as a background for the meets an increasing but cowardly intel- succeeding chapters. . ligence."

In chapters seven to sixteen we have Mr. Pratt says a strong word as to the an illuminating and sketchy account of attitude of the American government the various religious movements of toward Eastern nationalities, and brings India, laying special emphasis on the out into clear relief the danger of a con- reform movements in Hinduism and the tinued disregard of Christian principles progressive tendencies in all religions. in international relations because of the • The last five chapters tOlich upon inevitable reaction it will have in the "Christian Missions in India" and their minds of intelligent Orientals.

value. The hook puts withi.n the ability of

the ordinary reader a popular treatise during all of her thirty years in Africa- on a fascinating topic, and is strongly she nevertheless delighted in the beauti- recommended for those who have neither ful things of life, and during her yeats time nor disposition to go more deeply in the African bush, kept informed of into the study of India's faiths. the main events taking place in the out- Mary Slessor of Calebar. By W. P. side world. Livingstone. Illustrated. 8vo. 3s. 6d. The success that rewarded her toil Hodden and Stoughton, London, 1915. was very great and will multiply as the The life story of Mary Slessor, of years pass. Honored by government Calebar, rivals in many particulars the officials, loved by her fellow workers and thrilling story of the heroism, and de- almost worshiped by the children, men votion of David Livingstone. and women about her, she gladly lived her life to the full. The story of her Mary Siessor was born in a poor Scot- life recently published surpasses "Thinktish shoemaker's home, and as the ing Black" in interest and gives not only father became an habitual drunkard, she a vivid picture of life in the African was compelled to earn her living at a bush but also the power of a life that very early age. It was prophetic of her was glorified and transfigured by a full growing strength that she and her devotion to her Lord. mother, with splendid pride, kept the fact of her father's infirmity largely In the Land of the Cherry Blossom. By unknown until his death. Maude W. Madden. Illustrated, 12mb, 192 pp. 75 cents. Fleming H. Revell Co" The girl early conceived the idea of 1915. being a missionary, and after over- Japan is a land of fascinating scenes coming many seemingly unsurmountable obstacles, she was sent by the United and people. Miss Madden pictures many Presbyterian Church to Calebar, West of these delightfully in her series of Africa. She had a compelling sense of 20 sketches. There are snapshots' in mission: "I must go; I am in honor temples and Japanese homes, at festibound to go," was a characteristic ex- vals and feasts for the dead; there are pression. For years she supported her life sketches of a geisha maiden, of a mother in the Scottish home from what prisoner who became a preacher, of a she could save from her modest stipend. modern Cornelius and of others who have come into the light of Christ. Mis- From the first, Miss Slessor showed sionary societies and Sunday-schools will not only a true pioneer spirit, by pene- find the volume especially adapted to trating unattended into the interi<:>r, but their needs. she also exerted a wonderful power over the cannibalistic savages, aqH;>ng whom Their Call to Service. By PhiHp E. she lived. For a time she was compelled, Howard. 16mo. '157 pp. 60 cents, net. for lack of other shelter, to live with the The Westmimter Press, Philadelphia, 1915.

wives of a chief in his harem, and was These stimulating studies in the part- frequently witness of unspeakable nership of business and religion, ex- cruelty and of violent deaths from trials amines the lives of such noteworthy men by poison, burning oil, and by decapita- as Sir George Williams, John H. Con- tion. Tho naturally a timid, gentle wo- verse, John S. Huyler, .WilIiam E.

man, she repeatedly subdued mobs of Dodge, and Cyrus H. McCormick. They drunken savages, and so great was her show how each side of the partnership power over different tribes that the Brit- contributes to the other and makes for ish government made her a magistrate. symmetry, strength, and achievement.

Most unconventional in dress and ap- They are especially valuable for young pearance-she went unshod and hatless men.

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

The Reign of the Prince of Peace. By haps, not the first duty of a man or Richard H. McClearne'y. 12mo. 160 woman, but it is a most important fac- pp. 75 cents. Charles C. Cook, New tor in happiness and s·ervice. The com- York, 1915. mand: "Be ye holy" may rightly be in- The poem is' a description of the time terpreted to include also, "Be ye healthy." when Christ shall rule-a time of peace and plenty, of righteousness and love.

The Kingdom in History and Prophecy. The Children of Wild Australia. By By Kev. Lewis Sperry Chafer. 12mo. Herbert Pitts. 12mo. 90 pp. 60 cents. 157 pp. 75 cents. Revell, 1915. Illustrated. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1915.

Bible students have long differed in The Australian Aborigines, the their interpretation of the Kingdom of people of the boomerang, are among the God and its fulfilment. Mr. Chafee, here least known of all the people still on gives a clear Biblical exposition of the earth. They have peculiar habits, laws subject-the promises, the offer, and re- and characteristics that make them par- jection, .the present situation and the ticularly fascinating to study. This consummation. The volume is worthy description of their life and customs of careful study and is closely related will appeal to children and to all' who to missions. love adventure, folklore and travel in The Nez Perces Since Lewis and Clark. strange lands. We also see the black- By Kate C. McBeth. Illustrated. 8vo. fellows need of Christ and the encour- 272 pp. $1.00. Fleming H. Revell Co., agement for work among them. 1908.

Miss Kate McBeth, who has recently Nancy's Mother. By Jean Carter Cochgone to her reward, was a woman of ran. Paper. l2mo. 70 pp. Presbytruly heroic personality and power. In terian Woman's Board of Foreign Mis- sions, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, 1915.

this narrative we have the story of This fascinating picture of the charm- thirty-five years of life and work with ing life and work of a missionary mother her sisters among the Nez Perces In- in China is also a well-deserved tribute dians of the Northwest. Miss McBeth to Mrs. James Cochran, who is made was a faithful, unselfish, and wise to live before us as Nancy's Mother.

teacher, and has left a monument in The series of scenes and incidents grip the Christian Indians who came from the heart and stir the best impulses.

her school. These sisters were pioneers, "Nancy's Mother" will go on shedding and built schools, houses, and churches', love and sunshine wherever this little invented and manufactured things to gift-book finds a reading. She will also supply the necessaries of life, endured make friends for Christ and His service.

hardship and trials-but the victories The Children of South Americ&. By and trophies won made it worth while. Mrs. Katherine A. Hodge. IIIustrated. 12mo. 128 pp. Is. 6d., net. Oliphant's How to Live. By Irving Fisher and Ltd. Edinburgh, 1915. Eugene L. Fisk, M.D. 8vo. 3 x 5 pp. Mrs. Hodge, whose article On the $1.00, net. Funk & WagnalIs Co, 1915.

Missionaries and pastors will be "Women of South America" appeared greatly benefited, their efficiency will be in the August MISSIONARY REVIEW, has increased and their lives of service pro- recently passed away. She gives here her longed, if they will read, digest, and put last contributions to missionary work in into practise the simple, sane principles South America. It is a vivid story of set forth in this volume. The subject conditions and people of various coun- of health on a high plane is discust un- tries, told for children. Many will find der the main divisions of Air; Food; the volume somefthat one-sided in its Poisons; Activity; Hygiene, etc. The view, since the emphasis is on ~he dark- preservation of physical health is, per- er side of sin and illiteracy, without

due regard to the excellences in Latin- A Short History of Belg;um. By Leon Van der Essen, Ph.D., LL.D. 121110. American character and institutions. The pp. viii-168. $1.00. net. University oi Ch'cago Press. Chiogo, 1915. descriptions are calculated to awaken The Sailors' Magaz;ne and Seamen's interest and a desire to help improve Friend. Bound volume for the years 1914 and 1915. Vols. LXXXVI. and conditions and opportunities. LXXXVII. Illustrated. 8vo. 192,192 pp. Tl'e American Seamen's Friend So- The End of the Law. Christ or Buddhism. ciety, New York, 1915. By Gilmore and Smith. Paper. 12mo. 87 pp. 4 annas. Association Press, Cal- Morals and Manners Among Negro cutta. Americans. Edited by W. E. Burghardt Du Bois, Ph.D. 138 pp. 75 cents. At- This is an apologetic for Christianity. lanta University Press, Atlanta, 1915.

It is constructive and positive, showing The Cameroons (West Africa). A His- torical Review. By T. Vincent Tymmns, the contrast between the two religions D.D. 24 pp. 3d., net. Carey Press, Lon- don, 1915. and the supremacy of Christian truth. PAMPHLETS The main feature is that it shows how The Perpetual Prayer Calendar. "Pray- Christ is the fulfilment of the best ideals ing Always." Oliphants, Ltd., Edinburgh and London, 1915. of Buddhism. Of course, he is vastly But Now This Saith the Lord. A Mismore than that. sionary Anthem. By T. Tertius Noble. 10 cents a copy; 8 cents in quantities of NEW BOOKS 12 or more. Board of Missions, 281 Fourth Avt;!me, New York, 1915. A Short History of Japan. By Ernest Wilson Clement. 12mo., pp. viii-190. Missions in Africa. The Congo. 10 cents. $1.00, net. University of Chicago Press, American Baptist Foreign Mission So- Chicago, 1915. ciety, Box 41, Boston, Mass., 1915.

The Mikado: Institution and Person. A Presbyterian Missionaries at Work Study of the Internal Political Forces of Among the Lepers of the World. By Japan. By William Elliot Griffis, D.O., W. M. Danner. 5 cents. Woman's Pres. LH.D. Bvo. 345 pp. $1.50, net. Prince- Board of Missions of the N.W., Chicago, ton University Press, Princeton, N. J., 1915. 1915. A Wide-Awake Station in the Land of Mary Bird in Persia. By Clara C. Rice. With a Foreword by the Right Rev. C. Chosen. Board of F. M. P. c., 156 Fifth H. Stileman, D.D. Frontispiece. 8vo. 200 pp. 3s. 6d., net. Church Missionary Avenue, New York, 1915. Society, London, 1915. Report of the Work of the Bureau of Dravidian Goes in Modern Hinduism. A . Education for the Natives of Alaska, Study of the Local and Village Deities of Southern India. By Wilber Theodore 1913-1914. Bulletin, 1915, No. 48. Gov- Elmore, Ph.D. Illustrated. 8vo. 157 ernment Printing Office, Washington, pp. W. T. Elmore, Hamilton, N. Y., 1915. 1915. The Almanac of Missions of the Amer- Mary Slessor of Calaber. By W. P. Liv- ican Board for 1916 contains much valu- ingstone. 3s. 6d., net. Hodder & able information not only for those in- Stoughton, London, 1915. terested in Congregational Missions but for all missionary students-currencies, The Sunday-School Teacher and the postage, shipments, a calendar of an- Program of Jesus. By George H. Trull niversaries; American Board fields, sta- and Jay S. Stowell. 16mo. 160 pp. 50 tistics and addresses of missionaries. 10 cents. The Westminster Press, Phila- cents. Boston. delphia, 1915. Converts Through Medical Work. By Samuel W. W. Witty, tells very interest- The Red Indians of the Plains. By the ing and some remarkable stories of people converted to Christ through the Rev. J. Hines. 6s., net. S. P. C. K, Lon- ministry of physicians. These include a Buddhist monk, a Toro princess, a Brah- don, 1915. man, and a leper. 6d., net. Church Mis- sionary Society, London. Life Abiding and Abounding. Bible The Way Home From the Homeland Studies in Prayer and Meditation. By gives Dan Crawford's story of his journey W. H. Griffith Thomas, D.D. 16mo. 79 back into Central Africa. It is a brief pp. 40 cents, nel. Bible Institute Colpor- message in Mr. Crawford's own inimitable tage Association, Chicago, 1916. style. 6d., net. Oliphant's Ltd., Edin- burgh, 1915. The Acts of the Apostles.· Outline Studies in Primitive. Christianity. By Rev. W. H. Griffith -thomas, D.D. 16mo. 96 pp. 50 cents, net. Bible Institute Col- portage Association, Chicago, 1916.

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1912

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SULTAN'S PALACE ON THE BOSP H ORUS, CONSTANTINOPLE

Missionary

e ~ of the World VOL. XXXV. No. 12. DECEMBER, 1912 VOL. XXV. No. 12. Old Seri.. New Series Signs of the Times ITHE BALKAN WAR AND MISSIONS holy war, and even the bishop of the T is difficult to estimate the effects Russian Church in New York City of such a great war waged so invoked the blessing of God upon the rapidly and so fiercely. Undoubtedly Bulgarian arms, and with vivid imagione of the immediate results will be nation has pictured the Russian Cross Moslem alienation and the feeling on placed triumphantly upon the mosque the part of the Turks of the bitterest of St. Sophia (formerly a Christian hostility. The work of the mission- church), in tbe heart of Constantinaries, which has brought them into ople. The Turks resent the kindly personal contact with the Mohamme- ministrations of the Red Cross Sodans, and by way of evangelization, ciety, because of the symbolism of its must, for a time, be suspended. As name, for they hate every form of the a result of their defeats, the Moslems cross, and they have attempted to will be for a long time to corne in a form a Red Crescent Society of their sullen and angry mood. Their na- own. tional pride and their religious predominance in European Turkey have While the immediate results of this been broken. They now fear that their war must be turmoil and suspicion ancient and cherished mosques in and hatred, with possible destruction Adrianople will be utterly demolished of missionary property and loss of by the Bulgarians, and Constantinople life, the eventual and far-reaching efitself has been .thrown into panic. fects will be propitious. Constantin- Altho most of the Turks realize the ople will be humiliated, if not actually Itafian war and the Balkan war have captured. The illusion of Panbeen prompted by political and selfish Islamism will be checked, and, permotives on the part of neighboring haps, destroyed. Orientals instinctnations, yet they must feel that these ively accept the accomplished fact are the last angry thrusts of Christen- with stoicism. If the Bulgarians are dom in attempting to drive back and victors, it is the decree of God. Thus overthrow Mohammedan government. Islam will lose its absolutism and its Indeed, the kings of the allied states proud spirit of domination, which is have declared their invasion to be a held by the masses of Turks without personal conviction or reasoning faith.

The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by con· tributers of siiDed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

The Bulgarian Government is more College and of the American College tolerant and friendly toward mission- for Women. There are also several ary work than either the Austrian cr other missions in the disturbed territhe Russian. The Bulgarians always tory. STEPHEN VAN R. TROWBRIDGE. recognize the great debt which they owe to Robert College as the one in- PAN-ISLAMISM AND THE BALKAN stitution where their young men were WAR trained during the seventies and eighties for building up the new na- THE war between Turkey and the tion. Translation of the Bible into minor powers of the Balkan Bulgarian was accomplished by a committee of missionaries and native help- Peninsula will no doubt give great ers, and in most all the Bulgarian impetus to Pan-Islamism. Religious homes copies of the Scriptures are feeling will be aroused whether Turnow found. The people have wel- key conquers or is conquered. The comed this great gift which has come struggle is one between nominal through the Americans. But while we Christian forces and a Moslem state. try to see in this titanic conflict some future blessing and some final good, Observers of the undercurrents of we can not avoid the sad conviction political and religious feeling in India that, like the Crusades, this invasion and the Middle East have watched by the allies is utterly unchristian. with some apprehension the progress The methods of war are barbarous, of Pan-Islamism caused by the and Christ can not be conceived of as course of events in Persia and the countenancing the awful bloodshed, now finished war between Italy and the burning of villages, and the wide- Turkey. The Indian Mohammedan spread plundering, but to the Balkan Press, the pilgrims returning from people and to the Greeks this war is Mecca, and Arabic and Turkish agiinvested with sacred sanction. They tators have spread the belief among look upon it much as some northern the vast Mohammedan population of men have always looked upon the Asia, and especially of India, that a Civil War in America, as a great sac- conspiracy exists among the Chrisrifice in a just cause. But, mixt with tian Powers of Europe to destroy the these humanitarian motives there are few Mohammedan States and annex the most ppwerful motives of national their territories. Does not the war ambition and revenge, so that it is hard now raging in the Balkans look like for us to believe that the war was a confirmation of such a conspiracy? altogether unavoidable. Mohammedans in general are con- The American Board has estab- vinced that they have been abominlished work at Samakon and Philip- ably treated lately and that this has popolis (the ancient Philippi), in Bul- been done by a previously arranged garia, and in the cities of Monastir agreement of the Powers. The Mosand Salonica (ancient Thessalonica), lem Press in India has been denouncin Macedonia, and at Kortcha, Al- ing the British policy in Persia in bania. Constantinople is a great mis- bitter terms, while the Moslem Press sionary center and the seat of Robert at large seems to desire the proclama- tion of a Holy War. It looks to the Amir of Afghanistan as the leader of such, because Afghanistan is the last of the really independent Mohamme-

OF THE TIMES

dan States. Its Moslem priests are Heeding the urgent appeals of influential and powerful, and under Mr. Griffin the Synod of the Gold their preaching the turbulent fanat- Coast District took the initiative step icism of the people has greatly in- in the great campaign among these creased of late. There is danger that heathen and against Islam.' Two the Amir may listen to the flatteries missionaries, two out 'of her all too and, inflated with pride, may assume small staff of eight Europeans, were the championship of the Moslem set apart for pioneer work in the world, tho at present Pan-Islam· Northern Territories. Soon a third ism seems to lack both militant capac- European may follow them.

ity and practical cohesion, which are At the same time a well-equipped necessary for a Holy War. Training College, supported by local A FORWARD MOVEMENT IN WEST funds, is being erected. God willing, AFRICA it will send forth a stream of native DURING the past few years the agents and ministers, who will also 'Wesleyan Methodist Church of be supported from local resources, to assist the missionaries in the far England reports more results in Af- Sudan. Thus the native churches of rica than in all their other fields put the Gold Coast have started a great together. More than half of the in- forward movement in the battle crease has been in West Africa. against Islam. God bless them. This year's total increase has been 1600, of which the Gold Coast con- ABUDDHISTS CONVERTED IN BURMA tributed g60. N extraordinary spiritual stirring of "dry bones" of Buddhism is It is natural that under these cir- cumstances the Wesleyans are plan- taking place in the Hinthahdah dis- ning a forward movement "in the Hin- trict, in Burma. For some two or terlands of West Africa, where the three years past a very prominent heathen tribes are rapidly becoming Buddhist priest has been traveling Mohammedan. The Northern Terri- through the length and breadth of the tories of the Gold Coast beyond Sa- country, exhorting the people to ab- laga have been selected. They are stain from animal food and to live still virgin soil, and their hundreds pure lives. Other priests followed in of thousands of pagans are still un- his footsteps. Then a hermit began touched by Islam. No missionary to lead a movement toward holiness ever penetrated the dark region until of life by means of self-denial, soli- this year, when the chairman of the tary meditation, and giving for re- Gold Coast District, Rev. W. R. ligious and charitable purposes. He Griffin, accompanied by a native min- had secured over 3,000 followers, ister,. pushed his way north for about when he met a catechist of the So- 600 miles as far as Navoro on the ciety for the Propagation of the Gos- borders of the French Sudan. pel, who told him of Christ and the Everywhere he was well received. way of salvation. By the grace of Everywhere the country is open for God, the Buddhist hermit has been unlimited missionary advance, while converted, and is seeking prayerfully there is imminent danger of Moham- and faithfully to lead his followers medan advance and conquest. to Christ.

Miss Susan E. Haswell, a veteran discourse on the four noble truths by missionary in Burma, came among Ananda Metteya (Macgregor), of these people and was able to lead Burma. Mrs. Rhys Davids, who is them on in the way of salvation. She a quite well-known scholar, gave the found a surprizingly large number of presidential address, in which "our earnest spiritual inquirers, and she theosophical friends" were referred states that in So years of missioaary to and Christ and Buddha were se- life she has never known such a lected as examples of great teachers.

wide-spread movement Godward The Buddhist Society's general sec- among the Buddhists. In Prome, the retary gave an outline of Gautama's Baptist missionary told her that there life, while the next speaker spoke of a Buddhist priest was the head of a England's great need of the gift of new sect seeking for righteousness, Truth, and of "the omniscient eye of and that one of the priests who had the all-pervading tenderness of Bud- joined the sect had become a Chris- dha." A lady followed, a traveler, tian. He was baptized at the annual who stated that she was not a Bud- meeting of the Prome Baptist Asso- dhist, but that having counted over ciation. At Pegu, another Buddhist forty religions in America and then priest has abjured idolatry and has gone on to Burma, and watched the taught his 200 followers to do like- joyous Burman, she had discovered wise. In consequence, he and his that these forty religions had each followers have been publicly excom- borrowed something from Buddhism!

municated by 200 Buddhist priests, Other speakers followed, each prais- who assembled for the purpose. ing Buddhism and affirming that Bud- Surely, God is working among the dhism has a message for Western Buddhists in Burma. countries. N a discussion was allowed, but it was announced that an open BUDDHISM IN LONDON weekly meeting is held on each Lord's Day, at 6 :30 P.M., at 19 Buckingham A WRITER in an English mis- Street, Strand.

sionary magazine of very recent We have called attention to the date describes what he calls the "lat- spread of Buddhism in England and est and most instructive addition to in Europe before (see MISSIONARY the 'May-meetings' of London town, REVIEW, April, 1911, page 315). Is viz., the Buddha Day, which was it not tllpe that this Western "Budarranged by the Buddhist Society of dhism," with the partially kindred Great Britain and Ireland." At the movements of Theosophy and Chrismeeting some eight or nine speakers tian Science, be more carefully discoursed to perhaps 200 hearers for watched by Christian leaders? two hours on Buddhism as the solution of life in the twentieth century. EVIDENCE OF PROGRESS IN CHINA On the chairs were pamphlets setting WHEN the missionaries of the forth the work and aims of the Bud- Southern Presbyterian Church dhist Society of Great Britain and went to Suchien in 1894, they were Ireland, and the need of a central driven out of town by the officials and Buddhist hall in London after three by a mob that they had collected.

and a half years' work, and also a Later they were able to rent rooms in

an old inn where the work was car- to leave and entrust the work to the ried on for three or four year!>. When three native helpers, who were yet the people learned who the mission- untried. It was planned that the three aries were, the property was secure, helpers should move into Kyelang but the opposition to the work re- and the outstation at Tschott should mained. During the first ten years not be abandoned.

more than ten or twelve were received While these plans were under con- into the church at Suchien, but during sideration, the enemy made an attack the last ten years 250 have come in. upon the work. Its leader was the At Hsuchoufu the missionary women Thasildar (president of the country), were recently ordered away on ac- who naturally is an enemy to the mis- count of increasing turbulence. The sion and its enlightening work, which Chinese general placed a special train diminishes his influence. Two years at their command, sent a guard of sol- before he had publicly preached com- diers, and his own wife and children plete separation from the Christians, along with them. when the people assembled for the A great spiritual movement at Chao- Lama dances. N ow he ordered Ge- cheng Sha, about thirty miles north pang, the Hindu god which is most of Pingyangfu, in the province of feared in that neighborhood, brought Shan-Si, is reported by the mission- from the temple and conducted in triaries of the China Inland Mission. umphal procession thro~gh Kyelang Between 500 and 600 families are re- and the part of Lahul which is in- ported to have put away idols, and the habited by Buddhists, who were people show great eagerness to buy obliged to sacrifice, much against their Christian books. The missionary serv- inclination, to the god, and finally in- ices are attended by crowds, and the stalled in the palace of the Thasildar.

officers and members of the Church It is reported that the Thasildar first are deeply stirred, so that a great spanked the mighty god most thor- spiritual awakening seems to be at oughly with his slipper, thus showing hand. One class of inquirers numbers utter contempt, and then, fearing that already 42, and other classes are being the god might send some evil or a organized. sickness, reconciled him with a fine GOOD NEWS FROM TIBET present. But the Buddhists, who sur- round the mission, paid little atten- THREE years ago, when the Mora- tion to the god. Then the Thasildar vians reluctantly decided upon sent for the Skuschog (holy man) retrenchment, Kyelang, the station in of Hemis. Both went from village West Himalaya, was condemned to to village and the Skuschog was over- lose its European missionary. Kyelang whelmed with rich presents, while lies between the Rotang Pass to the smoking altars ornamented the roads south and the Baralacha Pass to the upon which he traveled, for the Sku- north, and is cut off from the rest of schog is to these people the incarna- the world all the winter months, and tion of a god. But the holy man during that lonely season the mission- prophesied that no snow would fall ary, Mr. G. Hettasch, began to pre- until he had passed over the Rotang pare for the time when he would have Pass-and the snow did not wait-

that cooled off the enthusiasm of the as recently as 1903, the presiding people somewhat. The Skuschog did missionary, Braches, wrote that he not at all oppose the missionaries, as was in fear of the breaking up of the Thasildar had expected, but he the work, and was earnestly praying became quite friendly with them and for a revival. In 1904 there were often visited them, tho he did not only IS baptisms, and in 1905 only give them any opportunity to speak 44, but from 19OO on the number of to him concerning his SOUl's salvation. baptisms became more satisfactory The missionaries worked on faith- (1906, 141; 1907, 113; 1908, 146; fully, but sorrowfully throughout that 1909, 286; 1910, 107; 1911, 221), lonely winter, until, after three amI and the Dumber of native Christians one-half months, the first mail brought had increased to 3,250 at the close them the news that English friends of 1911, of whom 1,045, or almost had promised to provide the necessary one-third, were baptized within the means for Kyelang for another. The last five years. The number of cate- Lord had answered their prayer, and chumens from the Dyaks is 689.

missionaries and native Christians The last reports from the mission- joined in glad thanksgiving. A year aries in Borneo show that the fire of later, in the fall of 1911, Missionary the revival is rapidly spreading, and Hettasch left for home and the work that inquirers in large numbers are remained under the care of the native asking for instruction and baptism.

helpers throughout the winter, pros- They are pleading for reenforcements pered .and guarded by the Lord. and for the founding of a new mis- sionary center in the interior; stating GLAD TIDINGS FROM BORNEO that the rapid spread of Islam also ONE demands a more energetic and ag- of the most encouraging fields gressive missionary work. New of the Rhenish Missionary So- schools are being opened in many ciety is the island of Borneo, ·the places and are well attended. In largest island of the East Indian some places the heathen clearly show Archipelago. Commenced in 1842, that they no longer trust their gods among the Dyaks of the southeastern and idols. Baptisms are quite fre- part of the island, the first efforts quent, and here and there a chief, met with little success. In 1859, the more or less known, is found among Dyaks rose in rebellion, in reality those who by baptism publicly confess against the Dutch Government, but their faith in Christ. Even in Band- the missionaries were the sufferers. jermasin, the port of southern Bor- Seven of them were killed, the rest neo, which has been considered the were forced to flee, all stations being most difficult station on account of burned down, and the work was en- the mixed population, there are great- tirely interrupted until 1866. From er encouragements than in any pre- that time on the missionaries have vious year. The hour of victory seems labored on steadily, but amid such to be approaching throughout the difficulties and with such small nu- island of Borneo, but more laborers merical success for many years that are needed at once.

WHITE TOWER OF SALONICA, THE PRI NCIPAL PORT OF

This is the ancient city of Thessalonica. It has recently been captured by the Greeks. The Tower was fo rmerly called "The Bloody Tower: '

A TYPICAL TOWN IN THE MOU NTAINS OF BULGARIA It is in these rugged regions that the hardy soldiers have been trai ned who now have won such unparalleled victories.

TYPICAL BULGARIAN

A BA ND OF BULGARIAN SOLDIERS

NEARER EAST

BY REV. GEORGE F. HERRICK, D.D., FORMERLY OF CONSTANTINOPLE LAMES long smoth- any true interpretation of the sig- nificance of the great conflict. The mF ered have suddenly history of nations and races of men broken out in fierce is a mighty tree. Its roots run deep and wide-spread con- and wide and interlock in the rich flagration in south- eastern Europe. Like soil of human passion, good and subterranean fires, only close observ- evil.

ers knew that the outburst in earth- The four states now uniting to quake and flame was but a question of crush out the life of the Ottoman time. And even close and expe- Empire by the rush and clash of rienced observers quite miscalculated armies were but as yesterday peoples the military strength and skill of subject to the Ottoman power.

Bulgaria and her allies, and the Greece first, fourscore years ago, weakness of Turkey, whose reputa- then much later, easily within the tion as the possessor of a large army memory of men still living, Servia, composed of first rate fighting ma- Montenegro and Bulgaria became in- terial, disciplined by German officers, dependent of Ottoman rule. During was regarded all over Europe as well the centuries of their subjection to established. the Turks they suffered cruel oppres- What is the significance of these sion and their religion was the object amazing events so near at hand? of the contempt of their conquerors.

What is to be their influence upon That they should, when they be- the increase and the ultimate triumph came free, erase from their mem- of righteousness and the Kingdom ories the wrongs they had suffered of God in Europe and the East? and be really friends of the Turks Is this conflict .a religious war? would have been a moral miracle.

Is it a life and death struggle be- Always expect the Oriental to play tween hostile creeds? To these ques- double. The smile he wears may be tions some ,answer, "Yes ;" others the sheath of a dagger. Till it is answer, "No." There is truth in opportune to strike he is apparently bC)th answers. It is Christian against your friend. Interest and oppor- Moslem and there is a strong appeal tunism may veil plans of revenge made on both sides to religious long cherished and never forgotten.

passion. The ferocity which actual Russia has for more than two hun- war lets loose is intensified and em- dred years cherished the purpose bittered by religious fanaticism. But some time to seize Constantinople and this fierce struggle is not, in fact, a make it her southern capital, and· to religious war in any such sense as add the northeastern provinces of the Crusades and many of the wars Turkey to her empire. She has of central Europe in the sixteenth hitherto, by the opposition of the and seventeenth centuries were re- western powers of Europe, been ligious wars. balked in all attempts to achieve her Certain facts imperfectly known on purpose. Greece and the Balkan this side of the Atlantic, or half for- states have for many years cherished gotten, form an essential basis for plans for increasing their territory

and their national importance at the division of the spoils of war will be expense of Turkey, but have been a baffling problem for those states held back, like hounds in leash, from themselves, as it will be for the Great rushing upon their ancient foe by the Powers of Europe. Alas! and alas! overmastering influence of the six the needless effusion of human Great· Powers. blood!

There is an Arabic proverb which Now turn to Turkey and let us says, "God postpones; he does not give, in few words, a statement neglect." The proverb seems to ap- of the conditions and events which ply also to eastern peoples, great have made possible the unnatural and small, whose national aspirations temporary coalition of Greece and have been long stifled but never the Balkan states. crusht or abandoned. It is not yet four years, till next As a matter of fact, the leaders April, since the reign of Abdul on both sides of the states now at Hamid II ended. The readers of war, are men who care vastly more these lines are invited to apply a for material gain than they do for powerful stimulus to their imaginatheir ancestral faith. Their faith is tions and so try to gain some faint often but a loose cloak worn in idea of the condition in which that public, sometimes a slogan with disastrous reign left the Empire of which to spur on the laggards of Turkey. Throughout the third of a their people. In words, in mani-" century of that reign no man walked festoes, and proclamations they are erect. He looked to right and left, superlatively religious and patriotic, as we do to escape automobiles while in fact they are but personally when crossing Broadway or Fifth ambitious, and their vision is limited Avenue, to see if he was watched by by a purely material horizon. a spy. All enterprise was stifled. Hopelessness, blank despair, reigned The four States that have suddenly everywhere. Thousands of good jumped upon Turkey have no aim in men were in exile. common except just now to crush their former oppressor and bring about bet- Within a century the empire had ter conditions in Macedonia. But for undergone seven major amputations. many years, more than half a cen- Its population had been reduced onetury, the hostility, largely on religious half. The Powers of Europe had an grounds, between Greeks and Bul- unwritten and uncompleted undergarians in Macedonia, has been standing as to the disposition to be greater than that between either made of what remained of the muti- Greek or Bulgarian and the Turks. lated and moribund body. A mighty It is this hostility, breaking out again host of officials were parasites suckand again in actual slaughter, which, ing away the best blood of those coupled with the weakness of the races. Turkish administration, has, for years, made Macedonia the danger What magnificent courage it rezone of Europe. quired for a few men, scattered and hidden within the empire, secretly Victorious in the present war, tho working with exiles in the various the attacking powers may be, the countries of Europe, tQ 1,tn<1ertake to

restore and foster new life in their designs, looking toward the increase fatherland. of their power.

It was a forlorn hope. The task The Turks will scarcely weep over was complex; it was tremendous. one result of this war, if such result The record of April 13th to 27th, shall follow, that is, of setting all I 909, of the constitutional army, Europe by the ears, of arraying Chris- is one of the most brilliant in human tian against Christian in internecine history. Niasi, Enver, Mahmoud strife. They looked in vain, a year Shevket, became names to conjure ago, for European intervention in their with. The people of Europe, of the behalf to stop the piratical raid of Great Powers and the smaller Powers, Italy into North Africa. They have those now at war with Turkey, were again appealed to the Great Powers to compelled to sympathize with the control the ambitions of the Balkan heroic endeavor of the young Turks. States. This time also the appeal has They seemed to have forgotten their been in vain. The neutrality of Rou- well-laid schemes for the dismember- mania can be justified; it can be ap- ment of the Ottoman Empire. plauded. The "neutrality" of the Great How shallow the sympathy of Eu- Powers is quite another matter. Would rope for constitutional Turkey actual- that the implacable jealousies that ly was became soon evident. There have long exhibited Europe as a big was nowhere patience with the mis- group of armed camps-a condition takes the young Turks made. They the astute Abdul Hamid always knew were bad mistakes, no doubt. They how to manipulate in his own interest tried to weld all races into one Otto- -might so far give way to a united man nation. Shevket Pasha made and effective purpose to secure the spectacular exhibition of the strength permanent triumph of justice throughof the reorganized army in the disas- out the nearer East as speedily to end trous attempt to reduce by a cruel ex- this dreadful war. ercise of force the Albanian and Arabian mountain tribes to "normal We cannot read the record of the order." The crowd that yesterday ap- future. But even if the worst should plauded, to-day cry "Down with the come for Turkey and the Turks, Turk-turn him out of Europe I" and their empire were dismembered, still those millions of men are The charge, honestly made by Mos- there, and among them everywhere lems, a charge based on ample evi- are, living and working in their indence, is that the Christian Powers terest, American missionaries, educaunscrupulously grasp after self-ag- tors, physicians, philanthropists, in grandizement. The Moslem thinks that whose sympathy and help the Turks the Christian claim, e. g., as voiced by have learned to confide. It is through Italy in her invasion of North Africa, these influences, increasing and exthat Europe is desirous of elevating tending year by year, that by us the the people of the East, of extending work Europe fails to do for Moslem the area of Christian civilization, is races will finally be accomplished. but a thin veil hypocritically flaunted NOVEMBER lIth.-Such details as we have concerning the war now waging before the world to cover their selfish iQ southeastern Europe amply justify

General Shennan's famous three- sorely chafed under the imperious word definition of war. "Masterly commands of those Powers. They are strategy," "military glory," "national men, not children, and now, flushed rejoicing over victory!" This is what with victories, bought with blood, they the world hears echoed from the seat defy divided Europe.

of war. But to what point have we come in But five facts, with their ugly faces, the progress (?) of civilization when glare at us from those battlefields, viz.: a war like that now raging is possible?

Justice is conspicuous for her ab- Is it not high time that the nations of sence from that part of the world, and Christendom should unitedly resolve her place is usurped by hatred and re- and decree that this shall be the last, venge. the final sacrifice to Mars which shall Bulgar and Turk have vied with deluge the fairest fields of our planet each other in a wild beast death with human blood? Let us have grapple. peace, peace in fact, peace based on Scores of thousands of Christian righteousness and love, peace every- and Moslem youth, the hope of their where.

people, will return to their homes no It is hazardous to prophesy, but it more. looks as tho from this war would Hundreds of thousands of'innocent emerge results like the following: men, women and children are to-day The Ottoman Empire will hereafter homeless, weeping, starving, bereft of be bounded by a line extending from all that makes life worth living. the Black Sea to the Marmora, in- The entering into Constantinople of cluding the defenses of Tchatalja, pos- the Turkish army, beaten, starving, sibly a hundred miles further west, uncontrolled, fleeing before their ex- including the old Turkish capital, ultant foe, as the result of the final Adrianople, and Rodosto on the sea.

battle, involves awful peril to human The very important port and city life, not of foreigners, but of Chris- of Salonika will be lost to Turkey, tian natives, in the city of Constan- and for possession of it will appear tine. three claimants, viz.: Bulgaria, Greece, The problem as between Bulgarians and Austria.

and Greek-can it be solved? In Con- No agreement concerning Constan- stantinople are very few Bulgarians, tinople seems to be possible except to but there are 200,000 Greeks residing leave it to the Turks. It can not be there. permanently made a free city. Some Why should the armies of the allies solatium must be given to Russia.

enter the capital city? Will forcing What will it be? Persia?

the Turks to drink the very dregs of Finally, what most appeals to us is the cup of wormwood give promise of the evidence accumulating in recent more. abiding peace in the years to years which compels a confident ex- come? pectation that the peaceful and That the allies are bound to act in- friendly influence of Christian Amer- dependently of the Powers is not sur- ica in what remains of the Ottoman prizing. For many years they have Empire will be greatly increased.

CALL OF THE

UNOCCUPIED MISSION FIELDS IN WESTERN AND SOUTH WESTERN ARABIA By REV. JOHN C. YOUNG, ADEN.

ROM the Gulf of found its wilderness even less inviting than the barren Hegaz, but they have mF Akaba in the North to partly occupied the more Southern the Straits of Bab el parts of Aboo Areesh and Tehamah, Mandeb in t1!e South, of which the principal ports are Ho- there is a coast line deidah and Mocha. The former is of 1,300 miles from now the large and wealthier town, which practically nothing can be seen altho from its association with the but fiat, · sandy desert and rocky coffee bean, Mocha is still the better wilderness. known. Many people have heard of Niebuhr's disagreeable "incidents" Then from Perim in the West to there, when the story spread like the Kuria Muria Islands in the East, wildfire that he was going to poison there is another 800 miles or more, all the Moslems with serpents prenear which, except at the Wady served in spirits of wine. mouths, it would take a microscopic eye to discover a green field or a ver- From Sheikh Said, which overlooks dant plain. the Straits of Bab el Mandeb, until the Kuria Muria Islands are reached, In the North the Desert of Sinai the voyager can see little or no green meets the Hagaz, which has Yambo except close to Aden. Mirages, rocks, and Djeddah for its ports, and, desert sand or salt marshes are all apart from the desert itself, probably that can be discerned,. apart from a has the most arid, least fertile part of few fishermen's huts and coral divers' Arabia for its interior. shanties.

At Djebel Aseer the huge crescent- When, however, the traveler has shaped range of mountains, which cfOssed this uninviting belt of nearly hems in the Hegaz, takes a sharp turn toward the sea. The Turks have

A GROUP OF VILLAGERS FROM: AN ARAB TOWN level sand and salt-laden scrub, he As a rule the tribesman of South meets, at a distance of from 20 to 100 Arabia is a jealous, quarrelsome man, miles from the coast, great black rocks, placed like sentinels to chal- with whom tribal revenge becomes a lenge his approach. These passed, and the mountains climbed, he at once sacred duty and in the carrying out finds himself on a rich plateau where of which he will stoop to any depth almost anything will grow: and large and use the most deceitful means. fields of jowari, wheat and barley, Too often family blood feuds and spreading vines and shady fruit trees tribal qurrels are kept going by tne teU not only of a plentiful water sup- women, for having nothing better to ply and fertile soil, but also of a most do, they stir up strife and foment industrious people. mischief, till sorrow comes to their own door and then they do it more Physically, the Arab of South and than ever. "For the female of the Vvest Arabia is short in stature, with species is more deadly than the a wiry frame and is capable of great male." endurance. He frequently has a Jewish cast of face. and when the Arab In those parts of Arabia with woman of the interior is placed which I am acquainted, woman's side by side with her Jewish sister it hatred and woman's fanaticism adis almost impossible to distinguish be- vance in proportion to her ignoranc~; tween them. When a Jew from the consequently, it is by no means an interior has his distinguishing curl of uncommon thing for a woman's jibe hair taken away he can generally pass to be the cause of a neighbor's death muster for an Arab. and the real reason for a tribal war.

The people are divided into two Many villages have not one inhabiclasses: Kabilis and Rawis-a fight- tant who is able to read or write, ing class and a working class. consequently the people are dependent on wandering minstrels and other beggars for news of the outside

CALL OF THE

MOKALLA-A NEGLECTED OPPORTUNITY ON THE AF.AB I AN COAST world and, as their credulity is very Sayyid's grave. Yet despite the fact great, they are ready to believe the that most male children have their most absurd stories and drink in the heads dedicated to the local Saint, most incredible tales. Niebuhr re- and wear a lock of hair on their peats the story of two beggars who crowns to show that they are so dedihad asked charity from the Governor cated, the people are most fanatical of Taez. As only one of them re- Moslems, arid whether they be Sunnis ceived a dole the other went to the or Shiahs, Shafais or Zaidis, Sufis or tomb of a local saint named Ismael Hanafis they are always ready to as- Malik, a former king, and asked him sert defiantly that there is no deity for aid. Whereupon Ismael stretched but God. out his hand from his tomb and gave the beggar a letter with an order for Even the better class, who are, as one hundred crowns. The story goes a rule, quiet and self-contained, seem that on careful examination it was to want only a single spark to infound that the dead king had actually flame the wildest excitement of their written this order with his own hand, nature, and then they are so changed and sealed it with his own seal, con- that they appear more like maniacs sequently, the bill had to be cashed, than men. If a Christian boldly debut in order to prevent such a call clares in a public place that Jesus upon the treasury being repeated, the Christ is the son of God, the audience Governor had the tomb enclosed with will leave, like a knotless thread, crya thick wall. ing out "become a Moslem, become a Moslem,': or for a space of many Saint worship is common every- hours they will join in the cry "La where. In fact there is not a single ilah illa Allah" .(There is no deity town in South Arabia and scarcely a but· God-There is no deity but village that does not owe its rise to God"), and those that a moment bethe presence of a Saint's tomb or a fore appeared to be the most kind

and courteous gentlemen will seem Like Micah, the Ephraimite, they the most lost to reason. halt between two opinions yet try to "All their lives, through fear of . grip them both, offering sacrifice death, they are subject to bondage." both to God and to Mammon. In To keep off the djinns and evil spirits fact there is no joyous occasion upon many wear charms containing a verse which there is no sacrifice and there of the Koran and these mystical signs is never a treaty signed or solemn * * III. III which I interpret thus: compact made between two tribes or reading from right to left: "I am the even between two individuals without bright and the Morning Star, true a sheep or a goat losing its life with A TYPICAL ARABIAN STRONGHOLD representative of God the Father, God the usual formula, "jn God's name" the Son and God the Holy Ghost, being repeated. and God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Ghost are one Difficulties in the Way of Occupation God."* Thus far I have not found one who can logically refute this in- When we begin to ask ourselves terpretation, altho the CadEn tells me why these lands have not been enthat these signs were engraved on tered by the Christian Church, we are Solomon's signet ring. forced to confess that it is largely because the Church has been daunted In certain districts few, if any, by difficulty. people will go out after dark lest the djinns should get hold of them and Dr. Harpur, of the Church Misfor fear of these evil spirits a ring sionary Society, who is now . at work must at once be drawn round any- in Egypt, and his plucky, devoted one who has fallen down in an wife, were the first missionaries in epileptic fit. modern times to attempt the pene- tration of Arabia. Choosing Dthala • The Star is the Shield of David, and was, in the Aden hinterland as their future therefore, originally Jewish.-EDITOR. home, twenty-six years ago, they

CALL OF THE ARAB

settled down in the Ameer's country DANCING GIRLS OF ARABIA and found the people on the whole very friendly-far more friendly than ish Lutheran Church, tried to. begin they had expected. Daily, by caring work in Mukalla, next to Aden the for the sick and wounded, they were principal town in South Arabia. Beincreasing the number of their fore going thither he received from friends when a far too timid Govern- Col. Ashby, the then First Assistant ment ordered their recall in the midst Resident in Aden, a cordial letter of of the hot weather. As a result, Mrs. introduction to the Sultan with whom Harpur nearly lost her life in the he lived for a time. Then when he terrible journey from Dthala to the had made many friends in the place coast. and thought that he could with safety bring his household goods from Syria, Had there been a John Lawrence or an Andrew Fraser, as resident in Aden, or had there even been a sympathetic first assistant resident in charge, there would have been a different story to tell, and the useless waste of time as well as the large expenditure of treasure involved in marking out the frontier would not have been required nor would the scuttle policy have been entered upon that brought so much discredit to the British name. As a civilizing force one Medical Missionary is still as good as a regiment of soldiers.

The Rev. Oluf Hoyer, of the Dan- A TYPICAL ARABIAN COUN·TRY VILLAGE

he left Mukalla for Hebron, hoping ing permission from anyone he and soon to return with his whole family. his party settled in a village half-way In the interim, however, another king to Sana and for a time everything had arisen and a new First Assistant seemed to go well. Though a conse- resident was settled in Aden who not crated believer and a whole-hearted only refused to give him a letter of Christian man, he seemed, however, commendation, but who even went so to lack worldly wisdom, and having far as to say that he must not go. more zeal than discretion, more faith The missionary went, but in conse- than penetration, it was not long be- quence of the action of the Assistant fore the Turks brought him back to Resident, the Sultan said that he Hodeidah where he died of fever.

. could not allow Mr. Hoyer to settle The militant female workers, who in Mukalla without a letter from went out to be his co-workers, started Aden. He was shipped back in an Bazaar preaching in Hodeidah, but Arab dhow to "the cinder heap" were at once deported from the where he arrived in a most pitiful Yemen.

state owing to the want of cover, Mr. Camp did not live in vain; his the salt spray and the pitiless rays of heroic life and noble death opened a tropical sun. the question of a Christian's right to The third attempt to enter Arabia preach the Gospel, and it is generally from Hodeidah was made by Mr. understood that Mr. Moser, the Camp, an American carpenter, and American Consul who was sent to in- his wife, who took with them a blind vestigate the cause of his ill-treat- Syrian girl as their interpreter. They ment and death, secured from the came down from Jerusalem and Turkish Government permission for settled in Hodeidah where Mr. Camp missionaries to establish schools in worked, as his Master did, at the the Yemen and do other mission work carpenter's bench. Then without ask- of a non-controversial character.

A cell )"ANY OF JBWS IN ARABIA

CALL OF THE

AN ARABIAN MOS2UE How to Establish Christian Work has the art of asking questions and of raising a spirit of enquiry among Frontal attack with prior publica- his hearers, it will not be very long tion oJ plans rarely succeeds in actual before someone has the moral courwarfare, but even the Gibeonites age to own himself a disciple of overcame the Israelites with guile. our Lord Jesus Christ. When Moses said to his brother-inlaw, "Come with us and we will do The church can have no easy you good," he received a point-blank method in her dealings with Islam, refusal but when he asked him to and should never leave to individual come and be eyes for the children of enterprise what she ought to do as a Israel in the wilderness it was not body. The command was "go ye," to very long before Hobab's name was all the disciples, not "go thou" to only included in the list of the Hebrew one. Self-supporting mi~sionaries are travelers. wanted, and the more of them the better; but like Keith Falconer they I cannot, therefore, help commend- ought to come to Arabia or any other ing the method of Oluf Hoyer, who moslem land, with the Church's benewent to Hodeidah and quietly opened diction resting on them and with the a carpenter's shop: There he put definite assurance that the Church is a Moslem workman in charge and praying for and will continue to pray placed Scripture portions, New Tes- for them. For then the missionary taments and Holy Bibles into book- can cases already made for sale. He introduced other literature gradually, "v.,relcome each rebuff until he has now a fair-sized book That turns earth's smoothness shop, a good reading room and a Christian character established in that rough; fanatical town. If a medical mission- Each sting that bids not sit nor ary should now follow him, one who stand, but go."

Then he can dare and "never substance, light and heat are in the grudge the throe" as he knows that sun, and how fire, combustion and "the effectual fervent prayer of a heat are inseparably connected, he righteous man availeth much," and need not fear to bring forward the that all things will work together for doctrine of the Trinity. The adhis own good and God's glory. vance of science has undermined all other religions but leaves Christianity Preparation of the Mi••ionary on the Rock of Ages.

The greatest barrier to the speedy When Hannibal was thundering at entrance of the Gospel into Arabia the gates of Rome, the Roman Senate is the carnal portion of the Arab's decreed that Carthage should be atcomposition. The missionary must, tacked. This was done and the Cartherefore, come out "thoroughly fur- thaginian power was effectually nished into all good works" and es- broken. Are the children of this pecially furnished with a knowledge world always to be wiser in their of his own Bible. With God's Word generation than the Children of hid in his heart and knowing that Light? While Islam is invading "all Scripture given by inspiration China, attacking Japan, spreading of God is profitable for doctrine, re- over the Eastern Archipelago and proof, correction and instruction in riding rough shod through Africa, righteousness," he need never fear shall the Christian Church wring the Moslem's question: "Sole Maker her hands and cry: "What can I do?" of Heaven and Earth; how should he have a Son who hath no consort?" It is our first duty to plant th€; Seeing. that an illustration is more to cross once more in MukalIa, to unfurl an Arab than logical sequence, and the Christian Church's banner once remembering how space, ether and more in Sana. Since it is not by gravitation are omnipresent; how might nor by an army but by God's Spirit that Islam can be won, we AN AItAB WEDDING IN THB INTERIOR

A T:E:NACrOuS SCOTCHMAN AND H1S USE OF THE l31l3LE

must send messages and messengers aroused will sink like Galilee's waves along that Hegaz railway to Me- at God's command. The Moslem will dina and later to Mecca. Then let us take refuge in Allah against the Mismake no tarrying in our occupation sionary and will then listen to his of Jiddah, for when this has been message and finally will embrace his done the victory will soon be ours faith. Has not the time come to ocand the great opposition at first cupy the mission field in Arabia?

A TENACIOUS SCOTCHMAN AND HIS USE OF THE BIBLE NE of the speakers at usual preliminary message, "God's man is coming." Then he asked the mo .~ the annual meeting of cannibal chief-but let himself tell the British and Foreign the story: Bible Society was Dan- iel Crawford, a native "I wanted to get his side of the '.FiV of Greenock, in Scot- story, .and wonderful indeed were the land. In 1889 he emigrated to Africa, reasons he gave for massacring the settling finally in Katanga, which is whites. Then I started to read from situated in the southeast corner of the Bible. 'I don't know that book,' the Kongo Free State. There he he interrupted. 'It's a foreign book.' translated the New Testament into As he was waving me out of his den Luba, and parts of the Scriptures into there flashed on me from back someother tongues. It was an undertak- where in the book of Isaiah the words, ing worthy of a tenacious Scotchman, 'Go tell those smoking firebrands.' I for certain of the verbs with which he found the passage and said: 'You had to deal have 23 tenses and there think this a foreign book. Why, your are nouns with 19 genders. name is in it !' You should have seen the man, his canine brow wrinkled in This Spring, Daniel Crawford came the concentration of his thought. His back to England after an absence of name there! A foreign book which· is 23 years, and he tells the story of his a sort of cannibal directory! He broke adventures and of his labors to Chris- out with, 'Is there anything more tian audiences for instruction and for about me, the Smoking Firebrand?' encouragement. At the meeting of In a flash I remembered that grand the British and Foreign Bible Society old phrase-and thank God I knew he told the following remarkable where it was, for I had preached on it story: two Sundays before-'Ye were as brands plucked from the burning.' I A cannibal chief, black and ugly, drove that shot home. 'Anything who had received the name of "Smok- more?' asked the cannibal. 'Yes,' I reing Firebrand," had slain and eaten plied, 'this. "Others save, plucking 67 Belgians. Mr. Crawford went on them out of the fire."'" a message of conciliation to the robber's den-sending beforehand the

A STORY OF MISSIONARY

ANMAD is a station of stood nobly at the place of Christian duty until the outbreak was abating, i iMi Zenana Bible and Med- until aid could come from the nearest ical Mission in the station, Nasick, many miles away. Presidency of Bombay, She bore all the responsibility, the Western India, whose anxiety, the dread of death's pres- , orphan school, after ence, the pangs of heavy sorrow. She endured, until the visitation was alyears of faithful, prayerful labors, most passed away, until the doctor from Nasick arrived, and the sanitary contains 206 pupils and whose work is commissioner, then she broke down, and the physician had to fight strenuspirituaIly most encouraging. Of its ously for the life of the noble woman. He succeeded, by the help of God, three lady missionaries, two came in but Miss Harris had to leave the sta- tion, and was ordered to rest comcontact with a dog which had rabies pletely in bed for six weeks and then go home to England, if fit to travel. and had to undergo treatment at the The cholera, caused by one of the Pasteur Institute at Coonor. On their wells which had become poisoned from a flooded contaminated river, return; both were taken ill with which found its way through an un- suspected fissure in the trap rock of ptomaine poisoning. One passed the ground, has gone. There were away, the other, while mercifully 46 cases in all, and I7 deaths, chiefly spared, was forced to return to Eng- among the smaller orphans. But what a story of grim tragedy and of land. Thus Miss Harris was left Christian heroism. An orphan school with more than 200 children, a depleted alone in charge of the large family. staff of missionaries and one sorely burdened, physically weak missionary She was not very strong. The hard- standing resolutely at her post. Then, in the midst of the peace of the Sabships of the work had given her a bath Day, there breaks forth a pesti- lence, which in a few hours sweeps "weak ,heart." Yet, she undertook away many young lives. And through it all, the one frail woman the great responsibility without mur- stands at her post, completely ex- hausted, but taking no rest, until the muring, and God sustained her. danger is past and she herself col- lapses. What a story of Christian All went well until June 30, 19I2. consecration and of the power of the grace of God! 11 was the Lord's Day. Sabbath quiet prevailed and the girls had at- tended the services in the church in the morning, when suddenly there broke forth the dreaded enemy chol- era. The virulence of the attack was appalling – no human remedies seemed of the slighest avail. In a .few hours many young lives were swept away. During the terrible 24 hours of that Lord's Day there were 31 cases of cholera and 12 deaths.

Girls who had sung their Sabbath songs in the church in the morning, were being put into their coffins when the sun was sinking, and sent out to the cemetery. And through it all, one white-faced, frail English woman

EXPERTS IN

THE MEETING OF THE CONTINUATION COMMITTEE AT LAKE MOHONK. SEPTEMBER 26th TO OCTOBER ls.t, 1912 BY REV. JULIUS RICHTER, D.D., BERLIN, GERMANY Vice-Chairman of the Continuation Committee HE second meeting of sionary Society; for Director Dr. Boegner, Mr. Daniel Couve, secretary mT the Continuation Com- of the Paris Missionary Society. mittee of the Edin- burgh World Mission- It would be difficult to give a com- ary Conference was plete record of the four days' meet- held at Lake Mohonk ing. l!1c agenda of each day being Mountain House from September very full and the majority of the 26 to October I st. Readers will re- members, besides being kept busy in member that the first meeting was special committees of different types. held at Bishop Auckland, near Durham, in North England, 1911. For 1. Dr. John R. Matt's Tour Round this second meeting, held in America, the World. At the meeting of the eight of the British and nine of the committee in I9I I, the chairman, Dr. continental members had crost the John R. Mott, had been requested Atlantic, a remarkable proof of the by a unanimous vote to devote a value attached by the members them- greater part of his time and strength selves to the meetings of the com- to an extended visit on the great mittee. As the ten American mem- mission fields. After careful conbers were all present, 27 in all took sideration, he had accepted this inpart in the meeting. Three deaths vitation and had made the preparahad occurred since the meeting at tions for this new trip round the Bishop Auckland: Dr. George Rob- world, with his final energy and son, this unwearied, faithful organizer broadness. As he was to start immeof the Edinburgh Conference, had diately after the Lake Mohonk meetpassed away quietly after a prolonged ing, this trip, of course, was one of illness; Dr. A. Boegner, the fervent the big themes of the discussions. and eloquent director of the Paris Dr. Mott is intending to spend eight Missionary Society, died quite sud- months, from October, I9I2, to May, denly in the pUlpit at the end of one I913, in Asia, and to visit during this of his great sermons; Bishop Yoitsu time Ceylon, India, China, Japan, and Honda, the first Japanese bishop of Korea. His plan is to hold twenty the Methodist Episcopal Church, had conferences with picked and experibeen called away after a short illness. enced missionaries and native leaders, Besides, Dr. Eugene Stock, the able one in each of the great, characterishistorian of the Church Missionarv tic mission fields, to be followed probably by national conferences in Society, had resigned because of th~ India, China, and Japan. For these conferences in prolonged deliberations infirmity of old age. For all, besides with the mission boards of North Bishop Honda, substitutes had been America, Great Britain, and the conchosen in time: For Dr. Robson, Mr. tinent of Europe, he has drawn a Duncan MacLaren; for Dr. Eugene comprehensive questionnaire review- Stock, the Rev. C. C. Bardsley, hon- in~ all the great and difficult missionorary secretary of the Church Mis-

ary problems of to-day, leaving it at Committee primarily for the purpose the discretion of the committees pre- of creating as soon as possible an in- paring these conferences on the field ternational committee more or less to select from this big program those representing the whole constituency of points which are of special impor- the Edinburgh Conference and in- tance for each individual field. From vested with a certain degree of au- the point of view of a better com- thority by the mission boards and mon understanding and closer co- societies. There was practical operation among the forces, the gen- unanimity among the members of eral secretary of the World Students' the Continuation Committee on two Christian Federation, he plans to hold points: as that the Continuation a comprehensive evangelistic cam- Committee as well as the pt:ospec- paign among the students of Asia, tive international committee could specially those scores of thousands of never become an administrative or students in the government institu- governing or money-collecting body, tions and universities, and he has but is a consultative and coopera- invited his friend and fellow-worker, tive committee; by that to the dele- Mr. Sherwood Eddy, to accompany gates of the Edinburgh Conference him round the world for this impor- it would be of primary value that in tant evangelistic campaign, but not the committee, whatever its name and for the work on behalf of the Contin- functions may be, the spirit of Edin- uation Committee. Great expectations burgh should be preserved. In are entertained by the Continuation view of these facts the Continuation Committee with regard to this world- Committee was convinced that even wide tour, the first of its kind. Be- more important than the speedy for- sides the inspiration which the per- mation of an international committee sonal touch with the chairman of a was the continuity of the work begun world missionary committee, chosen at Edinburgh, and that if the men by . the unanimous and enthusiastk. who really know the situation in the vote of the most representative world different parts of the home constitu- missionary conference, will give to the ency were doubtful as to the prac- lonely missionaries in trying and ticability and usefulness of that difficult work, we hope that the re- transformation, it is better to wait sult of the tour will be a closer for some years until the situation has touch between the missionary asso- become clearer and an easy way for ciations on the field with the Con- that transformation has opened, than tinuation Committee at home, and that to wreck the continuation of the so the scattered missionary forces Edinburgh Conference. . In fact, tho of the churches and societies repre- many of the members of the commit- sented at Edinburgh will be better tee approached the discussion rather coordinated and be brought into closer hopefully, the close study of the sympathy. situation disclosed so unsurmountable 2. Transformation of the Continua- difficulties and so evident dangers tion Committee into an International that at the end none felt at liberty to Committee. The Edinburgh Confer- maintain any radical proposal. It was ence had instituted the Continuation resolved that five Americans and two

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British members be added to the be reported that this year for the committee, so bringing the number first time in Great Britain, too, a of representatives for the United conference of the secretaries and rep- States and Canada up to fifteen and resentatives of the mission boards those of Great Britain to twelve. The has been held at Swanwick and that five new American members chosen it has appointed a special committee unanimously by the committee are on missions and governments. In view the Right Rev. Bishop Lloyd, of the of this situation the Continuation Protestant Episcopal Church; Mrs. Committee did not yet see its way Henry W. Peabody of Beverley, clear to appoint a further committee Mass. ; Rev. Dr. Mackay, of the Pres- for the same object. For questions byterian Board in Canada; President which evidently call for international Dr. Mullins, of the Southern Baptist treatment it thought best that the Church, and Mr. Earl Taylor, of the three national committees should co- Methodist Episcopal Church. operate ad hoc and that the Continua- 3. Formation of a Special Commit- tion Committee, by its chairman and tee on Missions and Governments. secretary, might help to organize this Twenty-five continental societies hid cooperation. It was decided that submitted a request to the Continua- the Continuation Committee itself tion Committee that an international would deal with exceptional cases committee dealing with questions on only. Such an exceptional case was missions and government should be before the Continuation Committee formed. In North America this pro· with regard to the 106 Korean Chris- posal had been heartily approved, and tians condemned by the Japanese the American Secretaries' Conference courts under charge of attempted meeting each January had dissolved high treason. The Korean and Japa- and discharged its special committee nese missionaries had opened up cor- on missions and government in the respondence with the Continuation expectation that the Continuation Committee and unhappily· this corre- Committee, either itself or by a spe- spondence had been published in the cial committee, would take up these newspapers of the Far East. In view delicate negotiations. In the course of the fact that the case is closed now of this discussion there was a unani- by the judgment passed in the Japa- mous conviction that negotiations be- nese courts, the Continuation Commit- tween missions and their own govern- tee resolved to address a letter to the ments should in each case be taken Japanese Ambassador at Washington.

in hand by the special committees of 4. Special Committees. As the those countries themselves. So the major part of the preparation of the American Committee on Reference Edinburgh Conference had been done and Counsel has given again and by the special committees laying their again valuable assistance in matters comprehensive reports before the con- pertaining to the foreign office at ference, so the Continuation Commit-'

Edinburgh; the German Ausschuss tee has thought it wise to appoint has in the same way proved an in- special cOllUlUttees to continue, in part dispensable help to the German mis- at least, the work of those eight com- sionary societies. Happily, it could missions and. to concentrate on the

difficult and complicated questions of a unanimous basis of statistical re- the missionary situation. Ten such special committees have been ap- search has been agreed upon. Any pointed, (a) on survey and occupa- tion; (b) on medical missions; ( c) comprehensive future statistics shall on the Moslem question; ( d) on . educational missions; (e) on train- comprize five chapters: (a) missions ing-schools for missionaries on the field; (f) on uniformity of statistics, of the Protestant churches in non- (g) on principles underlying the rela- tion of missions and governments; Christian countries; (b) missions of (h) on the church in the field; (i) on Christian literature; (k) on coopera- the Roman Catholic church in non- tion .and unity. Each committee brought in a report either of the Christian countries; (c) missions of work already done or taken in hand or proposed for the next year. The the Greek Orthodox church; (d) mis- discussion of these reports occupied the committee for a large part of its sions among the Jews; (f) work of time. It would be premature to give now a comprehensive report of all Christian churches in Latin America commissions. Any work planned and undertaken on international lines re- and the Philippines. quires a good deal of careful planning and preparation. For as the mission- 5. The German Ausschuss (Com- ary boards and societies have lived without touch and more or less iso- mittee of Reference and Counsel) lated for several generations, their conception and ideals have developed had laid before the Continuation Com- in different directions and some time is needed until in each particular field mittee a memorandum regarding the of research they understand each other's views and plans and results. next TVorld Missionary Conference, So in almost all commissions some time has passed before the work and three German cities, Hamburg, planned really got shape and a clear way of investigation opened up. Of Berlin, and Barmen, had reinforced special interest at Lake Mohonk, there were the resolutions passed upon the it by formal invitation. Hamburg proposals made by the special Com- mittee on Uniformity of Statistics. promising $25,000 to finance the con- It is well known that just in connec- tion with statistical principles there ference and hospitality for 2,000 dele- had been a wide divergence between the ideas of the American and the gates. On the other hand, Toronto, European statisticians. Happily, now in Canada, even before had ex- tended a hearty invitation to the next general missionary conference.

It is a surprizing fact that now, only two years after the Edinburgh Conference, such a general interest is awakened in looking forward to a possible future conference of equal size. Perhaps no other single fact proves so evidently the deep and lasting impression of the Edinburgh Conference and the high expectations roused by its proceedings. Yct, how- ever kind and welcome these mani- fold invitations were, the Continua- tion Committee felt that only the broad outlook on the missionary situ- ation throughout the world and the deep conviction that a further general missionary conference was indispen- sable in the interests of the Kingdom would be a sufficient basis for even undertaking the neceS~a,ry steps g( I •

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preparation for a future conference. ship of an international magazine is Tho there was a general conviction too heavy an additional burden for that some time there must be a fur- the general secretary of the commit- ther missionary conference of the tee, who is expected to deal with all Edinburgh type, the Continuation the general interests of its world.- Committee did not yet see clearly wide work and to be in close touch just of what character that confer- with all its ten special committees.

ence should be and when it should So the Continuation Committee unan- become a necessity. So, under hearty imously resolved that an associate sec- ::Ippreciation of the kind invitations, retary be appointed as soon as possi- the committee postponed its decision ble.

for later reconsideration. All the 7. General features of the Lake more the committee felt it to be in- Mohonk meeting. Perhaps even more dispensable that at not too late a important than all the special items date it should itself hold a further on the agenda of the Lake Mohonk meeting. Here, too, two German conference were some comments cities, Herrnhut, the cradle of Prot- which came out very prominently in estant missions and of the Moravian its discussions. The first was a Church, and Bethel, near Bielefeld, strong desire that the relations of the the center of the great philanthropic Continuation Committee to the mis- institutions of Pastor von BodeI- sionary boards and societies should schwingh, eagerly competed with Hol- be as close and cordial as possible. It land for the honor of inviting the is a new departure that the Edin- next meeting. In view of the fact, burgh Conference has created an in- however, that the meeting hardly can dependent international committee be convened before the end of Octo- with a broad outlook on the world- ber, 1913, at so late a season even the wide mission field and in the expecta- German delegates thought it wise tion that it shall exercise influence to go to a city with large hotel ac- on the development of the missionary comodation. So probably the next movement. The actions of such an meeting will be held at the Hague independent committee might well be or at some other city in the Nether- watched with some surprize by the lands. missioary boards. At Bishop Auck- 6. The report of the general office land, after a careful review of the of the committee at Edinburgh con- situation, the Continuation Committee tained many items of general in- had resolved to work on quietly and terest. The International Review of unostentatiously for some time so as Missions, started by the Continuation to convince the boards by actual facts Committee under the able editorship that it was wilIing and able to render of its secretary, Mr. J. H. Oldham, them useful service. Yet the experi- has found a wonderful response. Al- ence of a year has taught the com- ready about 4,000 subscribers could mittee that the missionary boards be reported. Evidently a large expect it to come forward from its scientific quarterly of this type is position of reserve and to join hands in general demand in the missionary with them. Of course, the Continua- world. Yet the work of the editor- tion Committee is only too glad to

do so if the missionary boards are to understand not only each other prepared to accept its cooperation. but the views of the churches which Happy and hopeful as has been this they represent, as never before. Thcy development, another experience is see that God has His work, His deof even greater value. In the Con- voted servants, His rich blessing in tinuation Committee there are repre- these churches just as well as in sentatives of the most divergent their own, and tho never losing sight churches, high Anglicans and Evan- of the differences which divide them gelicals, Presbyterians and Congrega- in the special character and the tionalists, Methodists .and Baptists, tradition of their own church, they Lutherans and Friends. And these feel that below these dividing lines representatives of the most diverse there is a d~eper foundation of types of evangelical Christianity work common faith, common love, and comtogether in harmony and a freedor!} mon hope. So from the happy exwhich would have been regarded as perience of possible and fruitful coimpossible five years ago. As leaders operation in the foreign field, even of all these churches for days sit 1:0- across the denominational boundary gether considering the same que~tions, lines, we come back to our deplorable discussing the same problems, puzzled home divisions with a new intense by the same difficulties, animated by feeling of this anomoly and with a the same enthusiasm, sustained by new hope that they will at last be united prayer and praise, they learn overcome.

CAUGHT IN HIS OWN TRAP* WENTY years ago a wasted. It was best to listen-and then change the subject. fTl young theological stu- dent was pastor of a One day an old "sea-dog" was tell- small village congrega- ing how, with his own eyes, he had tion on Cape Cod, in a seen the failure of Missions in the neighborhood saturated South Sea Islands. The young paswith infidelity and intensely anti- tor ventured to remark: "How did missionary. you happen to visit those islands, where the people were all savage can- Several retired skippers of the sail- nibals, so that no white man could ing ships that had made voyages safely set foot on their shores?" A ';around the Horn" and had come sheepish look came into those foxy back laden with whale-oil and spoils old eyes of the skipper, as he stamof the Orient were the oracles of the mered, "They-they were cannibals community. The young theologue until the missionaries went there and soon found that time spent in argu- civilized them up a bit." ment with them was worse than • From "The Evolution of New China," by William N~ Br~wster~ a missionar~ to the Cbin~e, br fublished Eaton & Mains! New York,

TIME IN TH'E: DAY

A SOCIAL SETTLEMENT .IN THE SLUMS OF OKAYAMA BY MISS KATE G. LAMSON, BOSTON Foreign Secretary of the Woman's· Board of Missions (Congregational) m. T o the followers of the 1896 a private house was rented in Nazarene opposition is the heart of the most destitute section only a call to effort, of the city. and so when, a little over twenty years ago, The condition of this district was described in a "History of the Relief — as a young missionary Vork in Japan," published two years of the American Board, Miss Alice ago by the Home Department of the Adams passed through the slums of Bureau of Local Affairs (Japanese), Okayama one May day, and heard the in which two pages were given to an jeers and taunts of the children at the account of this work. "Hanabatake is despised foreigner, a firm resolve a slum with 1,500 inhabitants, .in the awoke within her to do something for eastern suburb of Okayama. The the uplift of these people. uncleanliness and the irregularity of The first step was to gather the the habits of the people were former- children for a Sunday-school within ly beyond description, not to speak of the hospitably open door of a mission- their criminal deeds. It is no easy ary home. This effort revealed the task to ameliorate the lives of such importance of a steady, continuous people, who are callous to warning work every day in the week conducted and seem almost incapable of repent- in the midst of the people it was her ance and reform." In such sur- desire to reach. The second step, roundings a primary-school was therefore, followed naturally. In opened. Six years later, property'

was bought and in addition to the years. A free bath was conducted for primary-school, night-schools were the children of the neighborhood, and opened for boys and girls, the latter from 50 to 70 would enjoy the privi- being only for the teaching of sew- lege in the course of a single day.

ing. After several years the boys' That in some cases the bath was "per- night-school was finally closed, but sonally conducted," the accompanying ·illustration will show.

The latest addition to the many ac- tivities of this busy settlement is a day nursery. It is fascinating to see the happy faces of the little ones shel- tered and lovingly tended through the day, while their mothers are at work earning the small sums which, in many cases, must support the family.

The affection with which they evi- dently regard Miss Adams and their Japanese caretakers, their en- joyment of simple games and occupa- tions such as the older ones can participate in, give powerful testi- mony to the happy family life lived day by day in those two or three small rooms.

The day-school, which last May was numbering 79 pupils (more than half of them boys), is a conspicuous DATB TIME IN TilE liiSSION feature of the work. The parents of these children toil in factories, col- the primary- and sewing-schools con- lect garbage and serve in various ca- tinue with unabated vigor and in- pacities as day-laborers. Great pov- creased numbers. Day classes in sew- erty exists among them. Some of ing were organized for the girls and their so-called "homes" are not large manual training was introduced for enough for all the family to lie down the boys. at the same time upon the floor. The Soon the physical needs of the sick difficulty is overcome in a unique prest so heavily upon the heart of way, part of the family doing day- Miss Adams that in 1905 she opened work in the factories while part are a dispensary for their relief. This on night duty. On a holiday when small beginning soon proved inade- work stops and tired nature asserts quate and by much personal effort, itself, some of the family go to a in which Japanese friends were large- neighbor's, as floor space will not suf- ly enlisted, funds were secured for a fice for all to sleep. The children simple hospital building. In the dis- come to school at unseasonably early pensary over 3I,000 patients have hours as its open playground and been treated during the past seven atmosphere of freedom and good will

A SOCIAL SETTLEMENT IN THE SLUMS OF

make it a far more desirable place opportunity to minister, to pour one's than the makeshift home or the self out for those whose need is so street. The fun in the playground great, is the chain that binds to their sometimes grows noisy, but so long post Mr. Kodama, the assistant as it is good-natured it is not checked.. teacher, and the devoted staff of Jap- When the schoolroom is reached quiet anese helpers. The work done has and order reign. Nowhere else have been of a character to attract the atwe seen two classes being taught at tention of the Japanese people all once by the one teacher. The arith- over their own Empire and in Amermetic class was given a sum to do ica as well. It has blazed a trail while the reading class, on the other hitherto unexplored in Japan and the SLEEPING· TIME IN THE DAY N U RSERY side of the same room, tried to de- highest appreciation has been exprest cipher the Japanese script. When accompanied by Government grants the results of the figuring were ready and the gifts of many private individto be made known, the reading class uals. These gifts, coming largely wrote out the curious characters to be from non-Christian sources, are not sure that their composition was un- usually made applicable to the rederstood. ligious work, which is the heart and motive of all that is done at the The Hakuai Kwai, or "loving-all Hakuai Kwai, but are directed to the institution," as the settlement is now relief of physical suffering or to the called, offers no shining bait of silver betterment of social conditions. 0r gold to hold its workers in its Without the Christian foundation, service. Hardly a living wage can it however, none of these things would return for devotion unstinted and have come into being and the results Christlike. Only the richness of the

achieved would have been impossible ing of father, mother and two chil- to reach. This fact is not lost upon dren, came under the influence of the the observant Japanese. institution. The parents had never Their appreciation of personal been married. The father was a service and of praiseworthy under- gambler, and the family were in takings was shown over twelve years such abject poverty that their only ago by the formation of a society in possession was one towel, the com- Osaka with a membership in every mon property of all. The older part of Japan. The object of the so- girl, who was a pupil in the ciety is to seek out marked instances day-school at Hakuai Kwai, labored of individual or organized work for with her father to persuade him to social betterment and to make public give up his gambling, and in order to recognition of them. The men who keep him at home in the evening organized this society come from the made a practise of teaching him each higher classes, but it is very demo- night what she had learned through cratic in its operations. Last year 48 the day. At length both parents be- people received their recognition .and came Christians and could not be these. represented every class of so- satisfied until a proper marriage cere- ciety. One was a jinrikisha man, sev- lUony had been performed. The eral were boys who had done much daughter is now the wife of a Chris- for their families, others were clerks, tian man. . They live in two good business men and teachers, anq one rooms in a respectable neighborhood was Miss Alice Adams. The notice and are out of debt. The mother, that this honor was to be accorded who works in a factory, lives such·a came in great formality when .she re- faithful, consistent Oldstian life that ceived a summons to appear before she is indeed "an epistle, known and the Mayor in best attire to' receive the read . of all men" with whom she gift of the society. This gift was a comes in; contact. When any unwel- writing-box of shitan (a very hard, come task is to be performed at. the dark wood) with a silver plate on the factory it is often said, "Give.it to inside of the cover giving the name that old woman to do; she is a Olris- of the society and the date. At the tian; Olristians will do anything.'~ same time a memorial was presented, One of. the neighbors of the institu- bearing the seal of the society at the tion was a blind woman, a beggar, top and outlining the aims of the set- whose fatherless boy came to the day- tlement work, as well as what had school. . While under its influence he been. accomplished by it. The docu- became ashamed to beg and when he ment closed with expressions of high left school, just before graduating appreciation of Miss Adams's work. from the primary course, he went to The Mayor called special attention work in. a factory to support his to the fact that this was the action of mother. Later he became an earnest prominent and representative people, Christian and on leaving the factory not in any sense a local testimonial. took a position as janitor at the settle- The results of this work are seen ment. By studying half of the day in the redeemed lives and the charac- he was graduated from a bookkeep- ters transformed. One family, consist- ing. school . and after working five

A SOCIAL SETTLEMENT IN THE SLUMS OF OKAYAMA 9I I

years with one firm he has now gone Miss Adams' small errand boy and into business for himself. The old general factotum is worthy of honmother is a most earnest Christian orable mention. His father and and is often overheard praying aloud mother quarreled and ran away from ° when she supposes herself to be quite home leaving him, at the age of two alone. The gratitude she expresses at years, in the care of his grand parsuch times is extremely touching. ents. The grandfather had come IN THE DISPE N SARY OF THE MISSION Another family, the father of which from a good family but in his boywas a drunkard, were in great pov- hood had so fallen into sin as to beerty. Under the influence of the come disowned. He sank lower and settlement workers both of the parents lower until he became a resident of became Christians. All four children the slums. He is a gambler, and his have been in the school, but are now wife is a drunkard. Sotaro, who is able to aOttend other schools. The now ten years old and very small for oldest boy is preparing for Salvation his age, is an exceedingly bright boy Army work, while the second girl is with singular immunity from the vices studying to be a Bible woman. The of his elders. His manners are most family are now in comfortable cir- courtly. He bows to the floor in the cumstances, have moved away from doorway as he comes for orders in the slum district, and take care of one the morning. He blacks boots, runs of the chapels in the city. Every errands, goes on such responsible morning they have family prayers in business as the payment of bills, i~ which each one takes part. prompt, diligent and trustworthy in

everything. Not a moment is wasted. about and given full opportunity for For compensation he receives 25 cents investigation he was told of one case a month with which he goes at once after another of lives redeemed from to purchase stamps that he may put sin and of sterling character built up every cent into the postal savings from seeming ruin. He replied that bank to be used for his further the Imperial Government is aware education. of this outcome of distinctively Chris- tian work and knew that such results A representative of the Government are achieved only as a result of recently visited Hanabatake to inspect Christian work. the work of the institution in certain of its departments. As he was shown STRATEGIC POINTS IN MISSION WORK IN EGYPT N intellectual awakening inquiry is over the whole nation of Egypt. The opportunity is vast. I4AJ evident everywhere in Native Christians see it, and they " Egypt, not only in the are binding themselves into prayer . great centers, but also circles to pray and work for Moslems in towns and villages specially. throughout the whole country. Many Moslems say that if Again, there is the development of the Koran is a language of religion the native church. It is the effective it should have a practical meaning, means for the evangelization of intelligible to all. Others are dis- Egypt, tho the home church must tinguishing decisively between the bear the chief burden in finance and Koran and their traditions, denying leadership for some time. Native the latter the dominant place for- Christians must be taught their remerly assigned them. "Back to the sponsibility for their native land and Koran" is the cry heard in addresses, must learn to use their special knowlread in books and pamphlets and daily edge of native instincts and aspirapapers, and having become rather tions in the spread of the Gospel. universal in the ranks of Islam. Native workers must be trained and the spiritual forces in the native There is also a great evangelistic church must be vitalized and quickopportunity. The opposition of Islam ened. To that end American misat the present hour arises from the sionaries must be added to the presknowledge of the progress of Chris- ent staff, and leaders of Christian tianity and of the presence of a crisis thought and Bible study sent out which demands decisive moves. But for a short time each year. Thus, an the very opposition of Islam to the immediate aggressive movement, Gospel awakens inquiry among the worthy of the situation, may be masses, and more Moslems are at- started, and Egypt be taken for tending churches, are coming to the Christ. And if Egypt is thus conmission boats or to the missionary's quered, the intellectual and religious house, are reading his Book or books, center of Islam has been taken. than ever before. The movement of

NON-CHRISTIAN TEACHERS IN MISSION

BY REV. E. M. WHERRY, D.D., MUSOORI, INDIA, WOODSTOCK COLLEGE N India, perhaps, more tant cities on the frontiers, especially I. iJI than in any other in the Northwest, bordering on the country, ignorance has Sikh States and the Moslem lands been regarded as the of Central Asia, as yet closed against mother of devotion- the missionary of the Gospel, there – especially as necessary seemed to be no avenue of approach, to popular subservancy to the control except the school. The pioneer mis- of Brahmins and Mullahs. Hence, the sionary of the Presbyterian Church simple req~irements laid upon the in America, the late Dr. John C.

common people, so foreign to the Lowrie, began his work by opening teachings of the Vedas or the Koran. an English school for boys, which at Enough for the Hindu to maintain once gave him an audience and an the social cU!'toms and the service of avenue of access to the hearts of the the household duty. Enough for the parents and relations of his pupils.

Moslem if he read the Kalimah and The school soon became so popular perform the prostrations of the daily as to draw the sons of princes and namaz. To the· preacher of the Gos- noblemen who came to the classes pel, the village Moslem replies, say- riding on horses and carrying um- ing: "Sir, we are unlearned-mere brellas as a sign of their dignity!

animals. We know nothing about re- Thus began the mission schools for ligion except this, that Allah is One non-Christians, which later on were and Mohammed is the prophet of encouraged by the government, now Allah." The so-called learning of increased a hundred fold and culmi- Hindus and Moslems, aside from nating in the many colleges, of which Western education, is exceedingly 5 are Christian, all affiliated to the limited. So great is the obstacle University. of the Punjab, at Lahore.

raised against the Gospel by this al- A similar advance has been made in most universal ignorance, that all every province in India, with 5 uni- missionary pioneers in India began to versities and hundreds of high inaugurate a system of education as schools and colleges for both boys the most hopeful means of breaking and girls, in all of which Western down the barriers of prejudice and and Oriental studies are ·carried on.

of imparting to the minds of the From what has been said as to the children, as yet unblinded by the rise and progress of Vestern educa- darkness of superstition, some of tion in India, it will be seen that even the teachings of Him. who is the in mission schools the teaching staff Light of the World. must have been for the most part • A mighty impetus was given to non-Christia.. For many years there this work by the late Dr. Duff, who were very few converts and these for was the pioneer in the effort to make the most part were, by reason of their the English language the medium want of knowledge, unfitted to be- of all higher education in India. come teachers. At most, it was This movement was so successful as possible to secure a head master and to create a new era in the work of . a Bible teachei'. The missionary was education in India. In the more dis- often unable to do more than conduct

a daily religious service in the school. tably the Brahmo Sarnaj, the Prar- On Sundays the scholars were usually thua Samaj, and even the Arya able to hear a Gospel lesson or to Samaj-all of which have abjured attend a church service. The years idolatry, worship God and in the case went by. Occasionally a young man of some, reverence Jesus Christ as came out and boldly declared him- the greatest of prophets and teachself a convert. Many more in his ers. Go into their houses of worship classes were almost persuaded, but and you will at once feel that this few had courage to face persecution. is not heathen India, and a hope will Many a school was seriously injured at once arise in your heart that the by the general withdrawal of the stu- Spirit of God may yet lead these out dents by their parents. But usually into His full light. the teachers were stedfast and continued to perform their duty and were Weare now ready to ask whether loyal to their missionary teachers, this work of education is worth while. many of them secretly sympathizing Have mission schools and colleges with the converts. The converts been a failure? I believe every man usually became teachers or preachers acquainted with the work now being and many of them still living have done in these schools, many of them been eminent leaders in the mission practically self-supporting, will apwork. But the rapid extension of the prove of the mission school for nonmissionary educational work was so Christian, altho it may be necessary great, that the number of native to employ many teachers as yet num- Christians fitted for the work was in- bered among non-Christians. sufficient to be more than a leaven among the non-Christian masters. It goes without saying that the ideal school for non-Christians is a school The influence of these mission with a Christian staff. There are schools for non-Christians in India some such schools. Forman Christian has been such as to practically revo- College in Lahore is a notable exlutionize the moral and religious ample, where all the professors, exsentiment of the people. Many in- cept two, are Christians. These two fluential persons have been brought are teachers of Arabic and Sanscrit, into the churches and the churches and owe their places in the college have so far advanced as to desire to because no Christians have yet been carryon a propaganda of their own. found to take their places. The ideal This movement began with the of a Christian school with Christian "Home Missions" and "Church Coun- masters for non-Christians is ever besels" and similar organizations in all fore the missions in India, but the parts of India. Then followed the realization ot this ideal is by no National Missionary Society, a move- means easy. ment of very great promise. A few men, under the pressure of But other movements in India, the Home Board, have tried to force which are accomplishing much for the the realization of their ideal, with advance of knowledge and righteous- the result that by offering large salness in India, are the outcome of aries to Christian teachers they have Christian educational influences, no- drawn Christian men away from other mission schools, thus weaken-

ing the sister institutions and at mass has to be educated and it is the same time making Christian men difficult to raise to any high degree so overrate their importance as to of culture. It can not for generations make it hard to retain their services. do much-to influence the higher The truth is there are not enough classes of Hindus and Moslems in men qualified for the work to fill our high schools and colleges. How vacancies, if the non-Christian is to soon could America man its Eastern be removed, and it sometimes happens schools and colleges with professors that the Christian man has less in- and teachers drawn from the colored fluence for the building of Christian schools in South Carolina! These character than the non-Christian low-caste Christians will be raised up teacher whose place he fills. to such place in time, but we must not be expected to replace non- This is a sad fact, but it could Christian teachers in our non-Chris- easily be duplicated in Christian tian high schools in India from those schools and colleges in America or now being educated in the low-caste England. What is needed is patience villages of the Punjab. and perseverance, which will grad- ually, but inevitably, secure a purely God is deeply impressing the high- Christian staff for every school. caste people of India by the liberal teaching of mission schools and by There is a fact which our secre- bur success in educating men of the taries· and mission council must not lowest classes. They are not blind – be allowed to forget. This fact is to the influence abroad in India, and that the great mass of Christians are now striving to retain their in- baptized in recent years have been fluence over the pariah by under- gathered from among the low caste taking to educate him! Let us go on or pariah classes. in India, who are with our schools for all classes and almost entirely illiterate. This rapid believe that the light of the Gospel ingathering has raised the number of will enlighten all dark places until Protestant Christians up to about one India's millions shall rejoice in the million. But this great increase has Light which lighteneth every man. been made within two decades. This A PLEA FOR WOMAN'S EDUCATION IN INDIA I N the speech of the Begum of has done much more harm to men Bhopal before the All-India Mo- than to women. The Begum urged hammedan Educational Conference at careful attention to the preparation of Delhi was an earnest plea for greater courses of study and the training and facilities for the education of Moham- supply of lady teachers; and also admedan girls. The Begum struck a vised the translation into Udu of suittrue note when she said that the his- able books on domestic occupations, tory of the Mohammedan community, such as the training of children, hyas well as daily experience, fully prove giene and technical education. The that it is the neglect and want of due Begum. has embodied her thoughts in attention of men which are responsible .a pamphlet which is being widely disfor the ignorance of women, and this tributed.-Bombay Guardian.

A. SHARP: MISSIONARY TO THE

I1Y MARY E. GEORGE, MONROVIA, LIBERIA HY do the people crowd does not know when she became pos- sest of a desire to wbrk in a misfWl around the doors and sion field; the spirit of missions may windows and push so?" have been born in her. It became ac- asked a stranger visit- centuated in her hospital work, and at ing Krutown, who saw the close of the war she determined to the congregation in an give her life to the uplift of the over-crowded church. black race. She went from the hos- pital to teach in the Freedman's "Krumen hungry for God," was Schools on the Sea Islands off the answer. Charleston, South Carolina. While at work there, she saw Bishop Haven's This was the church founded and call for workers for the African conducted by Miss Mary Sharp. Al- field, and she was moved by the spirit tho seventy-five years of age, she is to turn her face to Liberia. a remarkable example of both physical and mental vigor and activity. Her She went out to Africa under the people not only call her "Mammy;" Missionary Society of the Methodist but they look up to her for advice Episcopal Church, but was transand guidance as children do to a ferred soon after her arrival to the natural mother. She has seen a gen- Women's Society and began her work eration of these simple-hearted, as preceptress in the seminary. This kindly black folks grow up, and they has since been replaced by the College reverence the guay-haired teacher, of West Africa. The pupils in the who has helped to satisfy their "God- seminary were children of the Amerihunger." can negroes who had emigrated from the United States, and the descend- At the close of a church service ants of those who had come in earat which Miss Sharp told her people lier days. While Miss Sharp entered that she would try to get them a new actively upon her work, her heart and larger church, a great crowd of went out to the aborigines of the Kru people surrounded her, some country, and her first experiences putting their arms around her, and were among the Kru people, who all shouting: "Thank you, plenty; have a town on the beach of the you do fine for Krumen, heah ?" City of Monrovia. The building in which they now meet holds about five hundred persons, The Krus are the longshoremen of and it is an ordinary sight to see the coast. They load and unload all crowds outside around the windows vessels and carryall passengers from and doors eager to enter. the shore to the ships, which anchor quite a distance off as there are no Miss Sharp was born in Mont- piers here, and bring all passengers pelier, Vermont, October II, 1835 ; ashore. In the rainy season the water was educated at the State. Normal on the sand-bars is very rough, and School at Mansfield, Pennsylvania; the crossing is sometimes very dantaught several years in Pennsylvania gerous. The life of the passenger is and in the upper part of New York literally in the hands of the Kru boys State; went in r862 into the hospital service as nurse, and served throughout the war of the rebellion. She who man the rowboats. No foreigner hands and say, "Be quiet." She could ride these choppy seas as a Kru would say, pointing to benches, "Sit steersman can ride them. The Mon- down;" and they, pointing to the rovia Bar was unusually bad on the same benches, would repeat, "Sit day when Miss Sharp landed, and down," in the same tone of command. on the way from the steamer to the beach she saw anxiety in the Kru Within a very short time after her sailors' faces as dangerous billows arrival, Miss Sharp went to Krutown bore down upon their boat. One in company with Mrs. Jane R. Robvery heavy sea broke over the boat, erts, the aged widow of President nearly swamping it. Excited excla- J. J. Roberts, the first president of mations were uttered by the crew, but Liberia. There she made arrangenot knowing her danger, Miss Sharp ments with some Krumen to build smiled and brushed the water out of her a thatched meeting house, and her eyes and hair. She immediately agreed to pay them ten dollars in became the center of admiring com- cash. The house was built and the ment, and later in her life she found cash was paid, and this formed anthat her coolness in crossing the bar other link in the chain uniting teacher had won the Krumen's hearts, and and followers closely together. There that they called her "Mammy no fear was a great complaint at this time water." that the employers of native labor did not act squarely, but too generally A few days after her arrival, Miss cheated the laborers, either by giving Sharp was visiting Krutown on the them goods after promising them Monrovia beach, and saw some Kru- cash, or by withholding their wages. men who were cleaning a gun. They When Miss Sharp bargained for the asked her through an interpreter if meeting house and pr~mised cash, she could "make gun talk." She the Krus were skeptical; but when said, "Yes," and, knowing that it they received cash, they said, "This was unloaded, she took it up, put it be God mammy." to her shoulder and pulled the triggers one after another. From that Little, if any, encouragement was moment all Krutown was in love given Miss Sharp in her determinawith the "Mammy no fear water, no tion to give herself exclusively to fear gun." work among the Krus. The opinion at the time was general that the Next Miss Sharp invited the Kru Krus could not be civilized, much less people to come up to the seminary Christianized. The surface indicaafter her school hours. They came, tions were not encouraging, but the first in small numbers and then in hope of any people lies in the uplift constantly increasing crowds. So of the girls. Miss Sharp found that she began nusslOnary work and at her approach mothers would gather found her pupils were very amus- up their girls and run to their huts. ing. They were wild and they No Kru girl, thirty years ago, was would rush in with noise and clamor allowed to go outside of her tribe, like a mob. She would clap her or even to a foreign school conducted hands and say, "Be quiet," and to inside the tribal limits. It was dif~ her amusement, they would clap their ferent with the boys for they followed her in large numbers in her ago, nakedness was the rule; no early visits to Krutown. With a clothing was worn by the children, twinkle in her eye she tells of how and men and women were clad she was once greeted with an offer on with only a cloth girdle about the part of a boy to tell the names their loins. But early in Miss of his playmates. She encouraged Sharp's work the Kru people them- him, and was greatly amused to hear selves voluntarily "passed a law"

such naines as these: "Two pound that no one should come to ten;" "Jack after Supper;" "Bottle church without being drest. Now of Beer;" "Flying Jib;" "Top Sail." one sees men, women and children Since these early days, a great dressed in suitable tropical attire, change has come over Krutown. looking neat, attractive and happy.

Miss Sharp has trained scores of No one would doubt their happiness girls, sending out some as teachers, if he could hear these Kru wor- who are doing excellent work. Her shippers sing the songs of Zion in boys have become teachers, preachers, their own language. It would stir government officials, merchants, and the most phlegmatic temperament and one is a leading physician. She has send a glow of radiance and glory also aided several boys to go to through the coldest heart. And it is schools in the United States. The not all emotion. Thirty years ago, Kru mothers now freely give her Sunday was a day of revelry and their girls for training, being glad disorder; to-day it is like a New to have Miss Sharp teach them England or a Western village.

"book," "sew," "cook" and "God Thirty years ago, it was not an un- palaver." usual sight to see women disrobe and About ten years after building her fight in nakedr.ess in the street.

ten dollar church, Miss Sharp was Thirty years ago, no Christian church compelled to build a larger one to or school existed in Krutown. Miss accommodate her increasing follow- Sharp led the way and now there are ers; and twenty years ago she was four churches and four schools.

compelled to build again, as they Thirty years ago the darkness of re- needed more room. The present pulsive heathenism prevailed; to-day church, which is also used for a there are over a thousand professing schoolroom, is a tin structure and is Christians among the Kru population entirely too small for present pur- of this one town.

poses. It is usually packed with Ask this battIe-scarred veteran people like sardines in a box, and is what is the great desire of her heart showing signs of age, and of the for these people, to whom she has effect of nearly a generation of consecrated her life, and she would climatic wear and tear. answer: "Before I am gathered to A service in this church, especially my fathers, I want to see a large when Miss Sharp is present (and substantial church building with she usually is, unless prevented from school rooms annexed erected for my attending on some unusually stormy people. Then I will say like Simeon Sabbath in the rainy season) is up- of old, 'Lord, now lettest thou thy lifting and inspiring. Thirty years servant depart in peace.'''

POWER OF THE GOSPEL IN

BY WILLIAM COOPER, FORMERLY OF SH ANGHAI ISI· OME years ago a mis· smoking, gambling, and sin of every sionary, when itinerat- kind. At first he met with much ing, visited a large opposition and ridicule from his old town in the northern companions, but by patiently bearing part of the province of all, and by the consistent testimony Kiang-su. His preach- of his changed life, one after aning on the streets attracted large other became convinced of the reality crowds, and many Christian books of his conversion, and desired to foland Gospels were sold. Among those low him as he followed Christ. who heard his message was a man named Ch'en, who, in addition to After six months spent with them, following him about from place to during which time he had nightly place during the day, went each eve- meetings for the reading and exposining to the inn in which the mission- tion of the Scriptures, and some reary stayed to inquire more particu- markable answers to prayer, six or larly into the truth of the Gospel. seven families having put away their idols and turner! to the Lord, he After three days the missionary proposed that they should invite a and his native helper moved on to missionary to visit them in order that other cities, but the good seed had they might be further instructed in fallen into prepared ground, and Mr. God's word and admitted to church- Ch'en continued to study the New fellowship. These young converts Testament which he had bought. Be- had never seen a foreign missionary, fore long, he became convinced that but gladly gave him money to defray this Book contained just what he his traveling expenses to Gank-ing, needed, and what he had for years the nearest mission station, in order been vainly seeking for in the false that he might seek pastoral help for systems of Confucianism, Buddhism them. For such help he was obliged and Taoism. In order to get further to make a journey of 235 miles, instruction, he gave up his position through a country where no railways as a subordinate officer in the army exist, and over the roughest of roads. and went to Yangcheo, the nearest I shall nev~r forget the thrill of mISSIOn station, 100 miles away. joy that filled our hearts on the Sun- There he attended the services in our day morning when, after a week of chapel for some time and began to hard travel, he arrived at that statestify for Christ, but his heart be- tion and told us the good news of came so filled with the joy of the how God had used him in opening up Lord, that, without any suggestion the work in a district we had, up to from us, he felt constrained to go off that time, been unable to visit. After into the adjoining province of An- keeping him waiting for some time, huei to seek his old friends and rela- my colleague was able to return with tives and tell them of the wonderful him, and after spending some weeks Savior Who had saved him. in teaching these young converts, he had the joy of baptizing this God- On arriving at the village where sent evangelist and ten others, as the he had lived in former years, he cre- first-fruits to Christ in that region. ated a sensation by boldly preaching Six months later, 22 others were rethe Gospel of salvation from opium

ceived, and the work has since spread praying for him, and believing that to several other villages. Mr. Ch'en, when he knows what the Gospel really after spending some years evangeliz- is, he will believe it, too. But what ing in another part of the province, about yourself? This good news is returned to that district again, and for you as much as for us." They is still faithfully witnessing for his talked and prayed with this man- Master. Not a few of the converts, who was a member of the landlord's brought in through his labors in the family-day by day, and in less than early days, have passed away to be a week he became converted and then with Christ. joined earnestly with tht: other Chris- The converts were nearly all hard- tians in praying that his master might working tenant farmers, and they met be turned from his evil ways and pur- with great opposition and persecu- pose, and that he misht become a new tion from the owner of the land on man in Christ Jesus.

which they resided. This man, Ts'ii At the end of three weeks Mr. Ts'u Rih-sin, was a very proud Confucian- arrived, and was met outside the vil- ist. He was a literary graduate and lage by his own messenger, of whom was preparing for the kigher exami- he inquired the result of his threaten- nations with a view to becoming a ing message. On being informed that mandarin. none of them had recanted, he was On hearing that his tenants had very angry, and curst them most bit- accepted the doctrines of Jesus terly, vowing that he would make preached by the much-hated foreign- short work of their faith. The mes- er, he was very indignant. He sent senger advised him to wait until he threatening messages to them, order- had heard the Gospel for himself, as ing them to at once give up this new he might then change his mind, add- religion and return to the faith of ing that what the Christians believed their forefathers, but all to no avail. was the truth, and worthy of accepta- He lived several days' journey away tion by all. This made him still more from the district, but used to go angry, and he retorted: "What, have there every year to gather in the you also swallowed the Foreign rents of his farms. When the time Devil's pill?" referring to a very com- came for him to pay his usual round mon belief among the Chinese that of visits, he sent a messenger on be- missionaries carry a supply of magic fore to warn them that if, during the pills, and when they can induce any next three weeks, they did not all re- one to swallow them, they imme- cant, he would come and take the diately become bewitched and believe.

land from them, and drive them from The messenger quietly answered: the place, as he would never tolerate "N0, I have had no medicine, nor the presence of a Christian on his have I ever seen a foreigner, but I land. The messenger went and de- have heard the Gospel, and I believe livered his master's message, but the it, and when you hear it, you will be- Christians said: "Oh, he does not lieve it, too." Such was the simple know what he is talking about. We faith of these early Christians that can net','" give up the Gospel which they dared to believe that prayer of- has done so much for us, and we are fered in the name of Jesus would

POWER OF THE GOSPEL IN CHINA

receive a speedy answer, even tho the scholar and said, "It is all very well, opposition was very great. great teacher, to talk to us in this way. Confucius was a good man, but The Confucianist went on to the where's the power to practise what village in a very bad temper, but was he teaches? If he could rise from received kindly by his tenants. After the dead to-day, I firmly believe he the evening meal, he thought it his would accept the doctrines of the duty to instruct these poor, ignorant New Testament and become a Chrispeople, whom he firmly believed had tian. But altho Confucius can teach been deluded, so he began to tell you many things, he can not save them what Confucius taught, and you. This Jesus, Whom we preach quoted the classics at great length, and in Whom we believe, died on the urging them to at once renounce all Cross for our sins, He rose again false doctrines, and to return tc the from the dead for our justification, worship of their ancestral tablets. and He lives at God's right hand to But the man in whose house he was save us, and He does save us now staying was able to meet all his argu- from our sins. You know what a ments. This man, Mr. Wang, had bad man I was, how I used to gamble, been a scholar in his younger days, drink wine and smoke opium, but and had studied the classics, but now that I have been saved I have during the T'ai-p'ing rebellion he was no desire for those things I formerly carried away as a prisoner and com- loved. This is through the grace of pelled to serve as a soldier for sev- God, won't you accept it?" eral years. After that he took to farming, and having a good deal of He went on talking thus till after leisure during the winter months, he midnight, and the schoIar went away used to spend much time in gambling, to his bed feeling very unhappy, for and became very profligate. He was he had utterly faiIed to convince the the first man in the village to be- Christians of their delusion, and they lieve the Gospel, and at the time of seemed to have somethjng whjch not his conversion he was almost blind. only made them very happy, but The sight of one eye was entirely which had evidently wrought a great gone, and_ that of the other was change in their lives. rapidly failing, but he prayed, "Oh, God, spare the sight of this eye so After a few days, during which he that I may read Thy Book. I do applied every argument and threat he want to know what it teaches." could to induce them to recant, but all to no purpose, as they were quite God answered that prayer, and prepared, if necessary, to sacrifice spared the partial sight of one eye, their farms, but not to part with which was used to such purpose that their priceless treasure; the Spirit of in two years this man had so mas- God wrought mightily on the heart tered the contents of the New Testa- of that proud man, and humbled him ment that he could turn up passages to the very dust before God. on almost any subject in it, and could expound them to the profit and It was the Lord's Day, and at that edification of those who heard him. time the Christians had no place to meet in except the house of Mr. This good man talked to the proud Wang, where the landlord was stay-

ing. They had earnest, believing with joyful hearts, praying with him prayer that no disturbance might be and reading passages from God's made by him, and to their joyous sur- word to him. All the afternoon and prize, he sat quietly through the serv- evening was spent in this way, and ice, the first thing of the kind he the scholar entered into joy and peace had ever seen. He saw and heard in believing. one of these poor, despised men that plowed his fields conduct that service, What a change it brought into his and expound the word of God, and life! His pride was entirely banat the close, he said, "I can not ished, and he became as simple as a understand this, you are an ignorant child, willing to learn from any of man compared with me, how is it the Christians, and instead of cursing that you can talk like that about that the much-hated foreigner, he gladly Book?" "Oh," said he, "it is not I, welcomed him and showed his love but the Holy Spirit, it is all owing in many practical ways. I have travto the grace of God." He took up eled with him for weeks together, the New Testament and read it for eating at the same table, and sleepsome time, and then read the opening ing in the same bed with him, and chapters of Bunyan's "Pilgrim's have watched his subsequent life with Progress," in which he says he saw the deepest interest, and can truly himself portrayed as faithfully as if testify to his sincerity. He iE' inhis life had been photographed. He stant in season, out of season, and was the man with the burden of sin, always has a message-the story of living in the City of Destruction and Christ's love-to tell everyone, rich needing to flee from the wrath to or poor, and the Lord has used him come; and as he read, the tears in leading quite a number of his relastreamed down his face. This proud tives and friends to a saving knowl- Confucianist bowed down before Mr. edge of the truth. Wang and said, "I have been a student of the Confucian classics for He was baptized along with 21 33 years, but I can see that all my others, in the very place where he learning is small (of no account), had vowed to stamp out the Jesus and yours is the great (of su- doctrine, and shortly afterward gave preme importance) learning; will you a piece of land on which to erect a teach me?" chapel, and a substantial donation toward the expense of building it. The Christians loved him very Afterward he gave some more land: much in spite of his previous opposi- the proceeds of which were used for tion, and they gathered around him the general expenses of the work in that place.

VILLAGE IN NORTHWESTERN

BY SAINT NIHAH SINGH m.1-· . SA NAGRI-literally reached the high mark of 350 to 400 Christ's City-situated souls per square mile, and shifted in what fifteen years to the land of hope and promise. All ago was an uninhabited that the would-be colonists had to desert, but which to- pay was their traveling expenses and day, thanks to the Che- a nominal charge of a little over fifty nab Irrigation Canal, has become an cents per acre levied by the Irriga- important world granary, exclusively tion Department for constructing owned by Hindu converts, graphically watercourses, fixing boundaries and tells the tale of what Christianity is surveying fields. In the case of the doing for the uplift of the mentally, very poor settlers, the mission paid physically, and socially submerged even these items. Thus, many native natives of India. Out of the 500 converts flocked into the colony and people who inhabit the village, less settled in the new villages that sprang than two dozen are nonchristians, up with magic speed in the wake of these being three carpenters, one the water brought to the wilderness.

Sikh, two Mohammedans, and three A half-dozen towns in the colony shopkeepers, all of them Hindu Banias are wholly populated and owned by and their relatives, none 'of them Christians.

possessing any agrarian rights in the By nature the native of India is town. Most of the Christian resi- gregarious. Unlike the Western dents either have been raised from farmer, he does not build his house low castes, or are descendants of right on the farm, but a number of pariahs who had flocked to Christ's agriculturists, with a full complement standard. A person can not visit of carpenters, shoemakers, shop- these erstwhile deprest people with- keepers, and hangers-on, all live in a out being imprest with the fact that village adjoining their land. Isa Christianity has injected a new man- Nagri, like all the other villages in hood into their veins, changed their the Ba-r, has been settled upon this ways of life and habits of thought, plan.

brightened their outlook, and brought In order to appreciate "Christ- them a peace and' prosperity unknown town" one must remember that the to their forefathers. . converts residing in it have been re- When the Chenab Colony was cruited from the lowest castes. Most thrown open for settlement, far- of them were churahs, whom the sighted missionaries working in the Hindu social economy everlastingly Punjab seized the opportunity of emi- condemns to do the work of scaven- grating some of their poor, low-caste gers, and whose very touch is con- converts to the Bar-literally desert sidered defiling. Indeed, in some -as the tract was called, where vir- parts of Hindustan, their mere shadow gin soil was being given away for falling on a Brahman, pollutes him.

almost nothing. Consequently, hun- The "untouchables," as the result of dreds of Christian families were taken this ban, live in filth, ignorance and from the congested Punjab districts, poverty, leading an existence whose where the population oftentimes wretchedness it is hard to exaggerate.

The missionaries have succeeded in write, and in external appearance rescuing hundreds of thousands of they look very much the same as do these unfortunate men and women the other farmers in the surrounding from their pitiable plight, and have districts, yet, when you meet them, put them in the way of leading a you can not help but remark that more pleasant, more profitable life. they possess more than the average Just what has been accomplished in intelligence. They take an interest this direction is visualized in Isa in newspapers, which are brought into Nagri. There the ex-churahs have the village and are read by those who changed their old, hereditary profes- are literate. The schoolmaster, a sion for farming, and now employ shrewd, bespectacled young man with others to do kamin-menial work-in clean-cut features, retails the news to their village. Only twenty-four of those who are unable to decipher print the converts own land, the others for themselves. All of the houses working as tenants and laborers. The are built of mud, but in most of them land-owners possess only the occu- you find at least one chair or wooden pancy rights to their tracts, these stool. In some of the residences rights descending to their heirs. The books are also to be found. In the government is the real proprietor of room that serves as joint study and the land, merely leasing it out. Each bedroom to the schoolmaster, I saw of the farm owners possesses one' not only a well-stocked shelf of re- square, about 27.77 acres, with the ligious, moral and philosophical litera- exception of the Sarbarah Lambar- ture in English and Hindustani, but dar, the acting head-man of the vil- also a timepiece. The walls of nearly lage, and another person, each of all the houses are decorated with whom have one and one-half squares. prints and photographs, instead of The cultivators raise wheat, corn, being utterly bare, as they are in cotton, and toria (an oil seed), and the average Indian village home. In- despite the primitive implements they deed, I was amazed to note the in- employ, the converts, who, not many terest that these people take in pho- years ago knew nothing but the tography-almost everyone of them simplest scavengering, to-day have possessing one or more pictures of become successful farmers. Each acre themselves and friends, or of their of land they cultivate yields about residence-an unusual thing in India, twenty-one and one-third bushels of at least among people of their class.

wheat, or twenty-five bushels of corn, The villagers manage to keep Isa a square bringing them a profit of N agri in a fairly good sanitary con- about $133, clear of all expenses, and dition.

the grain and corn necessary to sup- What imprest me most was the port the farmer and his family and fact that these men, as a rule abso- cattle. This is poor, according to lutely illiterate, and everyone of American standards, but it is con- them bearing on his mentality the sidered extremely satisfactory in In- mark of centuries of repression and dia. . the brand of social ignominy, have Only a few of these erstwhile low- succeeded in evolving a model church caste Hindus are able to read and government in the town founded a

little over ten years ago. The head- to which the congregation belongs, has promised generous aid. man of Isa Nagri is Jaswant Singh- It appears to be the custom among the pastor-who, with his white, pa- the people of Isa Nagri to pay onetriarchal beard, bright eyes beaming with intelligence, ready wit and fluent tenth of their annual income toward talk, makes a capable leader. He lives the maintenance of the church and with his wife in a little bungalow its workers. Many pay in kind. When I visited the chapel, a heap of containing two rooms and a veranda, cotton, in its raw state, was lying in built of mud, and quite neatly kept. a mound in one corner of the pul- He is paid $13.33 a month, and has pit, the offering of a reverent soul. an assistant, who also is head master of the boys' school and postmaster of The pastor is quite keen on keep.. the village, a married man, earning ing his marriage and baptismal regisfrom all his jobs combined, $10 a ters with scrupulous neatness and month. A preacher, Munshi Allah care. No less than thirty-three mar- Datta, at a salary of $3.33 per month, riages were solemnized during nine spends most of his time on the road months, last year, while 300 people carrying the light to people in the were baptized. The village has only neighborhood, preaching to them in 500 inhabitants, fully 300 of whom Urdu and Punjabi. There are many are children, and so most of the mar- Christians in near-by villages, Isa Na- riages and baptisms were of people who came to Isa Nagri from the outgri forming the headquarters of the side. The registers were especially propaganda. Everyone of the five interesting, inasmuch as they were church-wardens, induding a treasurer frequently signed by means of thumb and secretary, is an honorary worker impressions by the Indian men and and elected to the office he holds. women, who were unable to write The villagers hold themselves respon- their names. sible for the salaries of the church workers. The chapel is a mud build- Besides supporting the church, the ing, far from prepossessing from the Isa Nagri people maintain two outside, but with a bright and airy schools, one for boys and the other interior. Its walls are suitably deco- for girls-fifty of the former and rated. No benches or chairs are pro- thirty-three of the latter attending vided, the worshipers squatting, cross- these institutions. The Government legged, on the floor, in native fashion. pays a subsidy toward the mainte- These farmers sitting on the carpet, nance of the two academies, which many of them drest in a tahmat- are highly spoken of by the official a long, loose sheet wrapt about the inspectors of schools, but the a.id thus legs-with their heads uncovered, given is very small and leaves the their turbans lying beside them, form vilIage elders to do considerable hard a picturesque congregation. The vil- work in order to meet all expenses. lagers now are bending all their en- There are five classes in each. school. ergies 'to collect funds from among Elementary English is taught to both themselves and converts in the neigh- sexes. Two male teachers are emborhood, to put up a brick chapel, ployed in the boys' school, and a and the' Church Missionary Society, mistress and needlewoman in the

girls' academy. The children look above the other, on their heads, they happy and intelligent. This is par- present a picturesque appearance. At ticularly true of the girls, who ap- each extremity of the town there are peared full of vivacity. Their mis- two tanks for watering the cattle. tress, Miss Utami Boota Singh, a Each house in the village is built in comely miss of nineteen or twenty, the center of a plot of land fifty-five drest in the style generally adopted feet square, tho in one or two inby the Indian Christians-a skirt, stances these dimensions are doubled. blouse and white muslin veil wrapt The compound is surrounded by a about the head but not covering the mud wall four or five feet high, along face-believes in coupling play with one side of which runs the open brain work, and the lassies, therefore, range, where the cattle are kept duare sprightly and active. They went ring the hours they are idle. through a song exercise for my benefit, in which the girls described, with The people of Isa Nagri are simplewords and gestures, all the processes minded. Their ideas of religion are to which the grain is subjected, from far from complex, tho some of them the time it is planted until it is possess marvelous memories, and eaten in the form of bread. Many without making a mistake repeat reof the children have Western Chris- ligious dogmas, word for word, so tian names, and Jacks and Jills, glibly as to give one the impression Willies and Katies, are about as that they are the authors of the common among them as if they had statements they are making. After been born in America. Strange to questioning many of them, I feel consay, altho the little ones have been vinced that most of the converts in given foreign names, their fathers Isa Nagri really believe in what they stick to their old cognomens. Only profess. Indeed, their faith is so two of them have adopted names Ii la deep and abiding that often the pas- Occidental. These are J. Marshall, tor is called in to the houses to adwho speaks English rather fiuently, minister baptism to sickly, new-born babies, lest they may die before being and J. Samuel, an old, white-bearded admitted into the Kingdom of God.

patriarch, both church-wardens. The effect of Christianity has been The village itself is much like other to wipe out many of the old-time prejudices, and you find no caste and towns in the Bar. In its center is no purdah (seclusion of women) obthe communal well, at which a group served in the little village. This is of women, one or two drest in the the effect produced by Christianity Indian Christian, the others in the wherever it gains a foothold in Inregulation Punjabi costume-the pa- dia, and if the teachings of Christ jama trousers, a shirt, and a daupata, served no other purpose than to thus a veil carelessly thrown over the break down the barriers of prejudicial head, leaving the face uncovered- customs, the work of the missionaries may be seen chatting and laughing in Hindustan, as a movement calcuas they draw the water and fill their lated to uplift the nation, would be vessels. As they carry the earthen well worth while. pots, two or three balanced, one

SCENES IN CHINA *

BY REV. J. GOFORTH, HONAN, CHINA Missionary of the Canadian Presbyterian Mission IMPRESSIVE BACK.SUDING, CONFESSION, RESTORATION AND CONSECRATION EA) -""'~ rJ SERIES 0 f special prayer after the forenoon address. . Addressing the Heavenly Father, he ~ meetings was recently said; "If we do not imitate Christ in held at Liuchang, an our homes, we can not save our own families. If we do not save our own out-station in myoId families, we can not save our rela- tions; if we do not save our rela- mission field in the tions, we can not save our neighbors; and jf we do not love our neighbors Changte prefecture. enough to save them, we can not save our country." Then thanking God for – Almost six years had the gift of His son, he said: "My heart was full of evil thoughts, and passed since we had seen these Chris- all my study of the classics could not dislodge them; but Jesus did. My tians. Their welcome was extremely lips were full of filthy words, and Confucius could not dea'nse them; but hearty. They are our children in the Jesus did. My life was full of deeds of shame, and all the precepts of the faith, tho, as the sequel will show, sages could not stop me; but the Lord my Savior did." they had wandered far. Monday, the refining went on. The On the first evening after an ad- elder and two of the deacons were sore troubled. One of the oldest condress on "The love of Christ constrain- verts, awfully broken, confest to opium-selling, drinking, and gambling. eth us," deep feeling was exprest in He further said: "My son will not obey me; but what wonder, when I the prayers, and confession of failure, will not obey Thee. I lost all testi- mony for Christ as soon as I sinned." caused us to rejoice that the blest The first man interested in this re- Spirit was present at this first meet- gion, but always unsatisfactory as a Christian, a man with some scholaring in convicting power. ship .and considerable ability, was bad- ly cut up on Monday, tho he said It was a joy to meet in this little nothing. At night, in his home, he acted like a madman, slapping his own church on the Sabbath, and find it face and calling himself the worst of names. packed forenoon and afternoon. It On Tuesday, during one of the adwas their own church, built by them- dresses, the Lord seemed to search hearts as with a lighted candle, and selves, without foreign aid. After the the people seemed awed in His pres- ence. morning address on Acts 7 :8, the first A Call Heard and Accepted to pray broke down and wept because Even before I started to speak on he had not witnessed Christ's witness vVednesday the people were breaking down while praying. Their hearts in that promised power. The next seemed very tender, and there was was all broken up. Since he first pro- fest to believe in Christ, ten years ago, he had always let the world en- tangle. For six months he had not come to church; to-day he had no in- tention of coming, and was not aware that we had been invited to come and hold revival meetings. This morning he was seized with such awful pains, that he fell on his knees in alarm.

God told him to go to church. As soon as he started to walk the four miles to church, the pain left him. He came in when the address was under way, but there was enough left for the Lord to mightily convict him.

The Confessions of a Scholar God was manifestly with us this first Sabbath at all three services, but I will not mention anything more, ex· cept two thoughts in a noted scholar's • From China's Millions.

an eagerness to pray. They seemed ant with God. I planned a murder, amazed at the Spirit's mighty power but it miscarried; nevertheless, I am to search out all hidden sin. The as guilty as if it had; and I am guilty cheering result to-day was that one of of adultery." With an awful cry, he our high school graduates, a Mr. Fan, said. "I have crucified the Son of a young man of good ability, with a God afresh, and put Him to an open fair knowledge of English, and gifted shame. 0 pray for me I" with a winning personality, said the Lord had moved him to give his life Freed From Bondage wholly to glorify Christ among his fellow-men by preaching the Gospel. Instantly all arose, and prayed for It was with difficulty he was persuaded him, and then burst out into thanksto be present .at these meetings. He giving for God's triumphant grace. had just received the offer of a pay- The deacon said he got all cut up at ing position on the railway, and had the service on Wednesday forenoon, decided to take it. Now he has heard and was perfectly miserable, but that the Lord's voice, and accepts the high- the Devil almost dragged him away, est service. lest he make a fool of himself by con- fessing. He further said that when We were all grieved this day at the he got home he found no relief, never way Deacon Liu Peng Liu acted. He sleeping a wink all night, and never had not proved much of a success as having put in such a miserable time a Christian, and less so as a deacon. since he was born. Being a proud, self-sufficient man, his influence has been exercised in the We were delighted to welcome Mr. wrong direction; hence we were all Horsburgh on Thursday. He came concenied to have him changed dur- to see the Lord's mighty power in ing these meetings. After much per- cleansing and reviving His people. suasion, he came in the forenoon for the second time. We expected him to All through Friday those who had stay at least for the afternoon service. not got right with God had a miser- The elder and others did their best to able time, and, unable to resist any induce him to stay, but he only in- longer, one after another came to sulted them and went home. The terms of absolute surrender to God. elder felt very castdown about it, but One, with a terrific cry, confest to a we comforted him by uniting with fearfully aggravated sin. Deacon Lui him and others in prayer for the dea- 'Nan Yun, regarded as a pillar of the con. My wife withdrew from the church, a man who has given his service to pray for him. My burden tithe since conversion, con fest that he in prayer was: "0 Lord, bring him had allowed the sale of opium in his to terms by making him the most eating-house and shared in the profits. miserable man in this county tonight." At first he said he made a fuss when It seemed God must answer our pray- he found his bookkeeper, cooks, and ers. waiters had begun the sale of opium in the restaurant, but they said, "You On Thursday morning we were all need not handle any· of it, but will glad to see the deacon turn up, look- share in the profits." Besides, the ing so unhappy. He sent in a request Devil said, "You must not press the saying he wanted a chance to confess. matter, lest all your men leave you at This showed God had been humbling this busy season, and then what would him during the night, for yesterday you do?" "On the other hand, the he told one of the brethren that he Holy Spirit," said he, "convinced me would die rather than demean himself of the sin and the hindrance to the by a public confession. After the ad- cause of Christ, but I stifled His dress, I gave him permission, and he promptings." The deacon had for came forward greatly agitated, and, for more than a month stopt the sale taking the chalk, he wrote on the of the opium, but felt he must destroy blackboard: "I have broken a coven- the works of the Devil by a confes- sion. He was so genuinely moved,

SCENES IN

and spoke with such feeling, that it I am amazed at the extent to which made a deep impression on all. the young Christians have gone back to cards and gambling. The daughter of the man who acted like a madman a few nights before, On the second Sabbath, the ninth, slapping his own face and calling him- and last day of these meetings, at the self the worst of names, had been con- morning service, 19 volunteered to stant in prayer for her father during give the tithe. All promised to give these meetings that he might have no so much each year. Even unsaved peace until he got right with God. promised yearly subscriptions for the This night she had the joy of seeing support of the church. The Sabbath him bend, and confess his awful sins. question was taken up with vigor; The previous night she said her father there was not one dissentient voice. humbled himself before her mother, All agreed that if they were to live confessing his unfaithfulness as a hus- right as Christians and glorify God, band, and harmony was restored in they must keep the Sabbath. They their home. I am appalled at the aw- have decided to put up a list of all ful condition of this church. 0 that professing Christians in the church, these facts, which have come to the with space after each name for all light under Divine pressure, might the Sabbaths in the year. Any who humble and alarm those who have had attend will have .a mark put opposite the oversight of this church during their names each Sabbath, and anyone the last five years! But the most who misses several Sabbaths will humbling and alarming fact is that have someone sent to call upon him this church is not a solitary excep- to inquire the reason for the absence. tion. I have found all the sins committed by the heathen, committed in- After the afternoon address on the side the Church of Jesus Christ by "Prayer of Faith," some wept as they His profest followers, and yet His realized how much they had failed in servants, the missionaries, are not the prayer service. Then at their close humbled to the dust nor weep for the they organized into a preaching sohour of the Lord's Zion. ciety, some volunteering five days of free service, some ten days, others In the Refiner'. Fire IS and 20 days. Several promised a month, and one man two months. The first to yield on Saturday morning after the address was Deacon Fan. The evening was entirely given up For days he had been troubled, but to hearing testimonies to blessing renow the pressure burst all bounds, ceived these days. I will only give and he came and flung himself on the the substance of the first seven. Mr. platform in an agony of weeping, and Fan, the student, said his blessing was confest to robbing God of the tithe, of beyond compare. He had been turned service, of the Christ example in his back from worldly ambition to wholly home, where he has repeatedly given dedicate his life to the service of way to fits of temper, in which he in- Christ the Lord. dulged in reviling. "Recently," said he, "when in a rage and reviling vigor- Deacon Lui Peng Lui said millions ously, the one I was reviling taunted could not buy the joy of sins forgiven me, saying, 'Is it proper for a deacon which he had receiv~. in the Jesus Church to revile?' I retorted, 'Yes, it is to revile bad peo- Deacon Lui Wan Yun said God had ple.' " given him new life and new vision; it was life from the dead. All through the day the Lord sat in His temple refining, and men and Deacon Fan was all brimming over women, boys and girls had to get with joy and thankfulness for what right with God and man. One noted God had wrought in his life, in his quarrel was made up amid bitter tears. familv, and in the church these days. He W'as amazed at the way the Spirit revealed every hidden sin, and re- buked it.

Elder Chang said God had revealed not heal lightly, nor put stickingto him his weakness and hypocrisy, and made it so real that his only place plaslers on poisonous abscesses. The of safety was abiding in Christ. knife was the instrument I was prest Mr. Li, the scholar, who had prayed so strikingly on Sunday, said that the to use, but the joy of the Lord would blessing which had come to him w,as that he must drop all else and preach be their strength as soon as they the Gospel. (He is now teaching in a Government school and is a man of obeyed. It was only necessary to see unusual gifts). the happy faces and hear their hope- A young lad said: "The great good to me of these meetings is that I have ful, thankful testimonies at the meetbeen solemnly warned not to fall into the snare of the Devil, and commit the ing to be convinced that the joy of the awful sins I have heard confest these days." Lord had become the strength of His The way of repentance these days people. was the way of Gethsemane and the Cross. It was crucifixion and bitter The good results attained were tears. It was so painful on Friday that my wife, in pity, suggested I greatly helped forward by the service preach more on joy, but I said I dare of song, led by my wife. With the aid of the organ, she conducted these services for about half-an-hour be- fore I spoke. , Now, at the close of the meetings, the people are enthusiastic about call- ing a native pastor, and since we left have called one of myoid, tried evan- gelists to be their pastor. They guar- anteed all expenses and full support.

THE CHINESE REVOLUTION FROM AN EDUCATIONAL VIEW-POINT * BY REV. WILLIAM CLEMENT ISETT I lT)HERE is no doubt "The army of Xerxes that invaded ~ whatever that the Chi- Greece numbered 1,780,000; Ninus nese revolution is sig- and Semeramis had armies of 2,000,- 000 ; Darius met Alexander the nificant. A short time Great with perhaps 800,000 men. But what are such armies as these com- ago the editor of a pared with the millions the Chinese can pour into the bloody field be- prominent daily news- twixt the Pacific Ocean and the Ural Mountains when once the nation is paper said, "The na- thoroughly aroused?"

tions are waiting with bated breath This revolution will change not only the political situation in China, the outcome of the war in China." but also in the whole world.

Another wrote, "We rightfully be- It is not a movement which began recently. More than fifty years ago lieved our own American revolution the seeds were sown when a few Chinese scholars graduated from a salient episode in history. The Occidental colleges. These men stud:- ied the principles underlying free population of the entire United States government by the people, and, true in 1800 was 5,3°8,483. The popula- scholars that they were, they began applying these principles to their own tion of China to-day is more than government. As the number of stu- dents in western colleges increased, 430,000,ooo-that is to say, 86 times as many human beings are directly affected by what is going on in China.

The popUlation of London just a hundred years ago was 120,909, yet a thousand things that have occurred there since Roman days have inter- ested the world infinitely more than all that has happened to China's mil- lions.

* From The Missionary Messenger.

1912J CHINESE REVOLUTION: AN EDUCATIONAL VIEW-POINT 93 I

the movement gathered momentum, ly people in the world. For is not until the axiom again proved true the test of scholarship the ability to that "Knowledge is power," and the successfully apply the knowledge im- power of knowledge is asserting it- parted by teacher to pupi1? The self as it has again and again in this American revolution was precipitated the most interesting of empires. For by excessive taxation; the French China appears to have been immobile revolution by the oppression of the only because her history covers so poor. But the Chinese official has many thousands of years. This revo- grown rich off the spoils of office lution is significant because of its no less than the Manchu; and Chi- magnitude rather than because of its nese and Manchu alike have plun- issues. Dynasties have begun and dered and opprest the poor. Neither ended in the world since history be- of these causes has been sufficient to gan, but the fall of the Manchu awaken the spirit of rebellion. The dynasty affects the world because cause is to be sought in the hearts one-third of the human race is con- of Chinese scholars.

cerned in the issue, and because with- Strange as it may seem, the de- in a comparatively short time that cisive blow against the Manchu dy- vast number of people have thrown nasty, which has been in power since their weight toward progress. I 644, was struck by the late Manchu The subject which I have chosen Ernperor, Kwang Hsu, a scholar of is, "The Significance of the Chinese the first rank. K wang Hsu was the Revolution from an Educational actual ruler of China less than six View-point." I have already hinted months, but during that time his at what this significance is. Educa- edicts rivaled in rapidity the famous tion has always been China's glory, messages of Ex-President Roosevelt, and the educational view-point is the and were far more significant in his- only true vantage ground from which tory-making importance than those to get a clear understanding of the which issued from the White House.

revolution. This emperor was a thorough scholar, The significance of the revolution and during the time of his minority does not lie in the magnificent train- had stored his mind with western ing of troops which a few years ago knowledge, including the principles used bows and arrows and sharp of the Christian religion. When he farm implements, even as some came into power he at once began did in the onslaught against Nan- introducing reforms in order to make king. It is not the skill with which his empire one of the sisterhood of Mauser rifles, Krupp guns, wireless nations. His first step was the es- telegraphy and aeroplanes have been tablishment of an Imperial Univer- used both in defense and offense that sity in Peking, in which modern makes this revolution noteworthy. Its science should supersede ancient significance does not lie either in the classics, and the abolishment of the recall of the man most hated by the time-worn essay on impractical Imperial Government and feared of themes.

all Chinese modernists, Yuan Shi Kai. Kwang Hsu paid. for this stride Its significance is in the fact that for through countless centuries of time- years Chinese young men have been old customs at first with his political studying in Occidental colleges the life, to be followed shortly by his principles which should underlie good assassination; but he has left as an government, and are now applying everlasting memorial the introduction those principles. Its significance lies of modern scholarship into the old- here: That it is an educational revo- est nation on earth. It was this en- lution, thought out by scholars, tering wedge which has split the old started by scholars, and carried to a empire into fragments. Before the great conclusion by the most scholar- short reign of Kwang Hsu, China

studied only the glories of the past. sible to place responsibility where it He only was a scholar who knew ac- belonged. For instance, if a robbery curately what China had been. What were committed no attention would she was then, or might become, had be paid to it by the authorities until no interest whalever. "Knowledge is pressure had been brought to bear by power," and with the introduction of the robbed. He would promptly be knowledge China learned her power. assured that the thieves had escaped She compared herself with other (which was literally true, but not Il",tions territorially, industrially, min- comforting), and that nothing could eralogically, agriculturally, and found be done (which was not true, and the comparison agreeable. There was therefore comforting). If sufficient but one point which brought chagrin: pressure could be brought to bear Modern history revealed her slavery. punishment would be meted out, but For hundreds of years she sat and no one supposed it was necessarily dreamed of the olden golden days, the real thief who was punished. No until she imagined those days were responsibility was imposed or as- running still their happy course. But sumed. A price had been offered to when Kwang Hsu waked her from some one to assume punishment to this dream she saw in him, and in his satisfy the demands of a fanatical clan, her conquerors and enslavers. sufferer who was so unreasonable (!) Like a giant she has risen in her as to demand redress for being im- wrath and smitten with deadly hatred posed upon, and if the price were big the hand that electrified her with enough some man could easily be strength. The pathos has its most fit- found who would be willing to even ting climax in the baby nephew of be put to death if necessary, tho he this great reformer being made to may never have heard of the person proclaim to all the world, "It was all who had been robbed, or know that my fault." Poor little babe! What a robbery had been committed. It is the fault with which you so pa- was a form of life insurance by thetically accused yourself? which one could provide for his fam- Let us turn now to some of the ily better by dying than by living.

practical results of this revolution of This was the old order, which is a nation's scholars. old not only because it was in vogue The immediate causes of the revo- many years ago, but also because it lution .are two: Hunger and Hatred is now superseded by a new. Last -Hatred of the dynasty which by its year one of the missionaries in the impious disregard of the people gov- station where I was staying was erned caused the hunger. But, again, struck by two ruffians while itinerat- I call your attention to the fact that ing in the country, beaten and left it was education which awakened the for dead by the roadside. Scarcely people to the knowledge of the cause had the deed been perpetrated when of their hunger. Graft and political men of the village gave aid to the intrigue made the great brilliant injured man, seized the assailants dynasty of the Manchu race odious and dragged them before the local in the e'es of the industrious millions magistrate. The Governor of the of Chi;a, and the retribution has province was notified at once. He come quickly and terribly. immediately ordered the would-be The first result of awakened scho- murderers -beaten and imprisoned, and lasticism was to reveal the power of called in person at the missionary the people, and the people once compound, placing an escort at the aroused the old order must inevitably disposal of the physician to accom- be at an end. It has taken many pany him to the village where the as- years to awaken this sense of respon- sault occurred, and convey the injured sibility on the part of the people. It man to the city. It must, in justice, has seemed to be practically impos- be said that there were circum-

I912] CHINESE REVOLUTION: AN EDUCATIONAL VIEW-POINT

stances which made this action on dared hope for a constitutional mon- the part of the chief magistrate poli- archy. Whence came the spirit of tic, but it is a straw showing the repUblicanism an10ng a people whose direction of the wind, and those who emperor rules by right of Heaven's know China best can not help being appointment? Less than a dozen years imprest by the fact that even the ago it was the business of the rulers Governor of a great province should, to rule-the ruled were too busy at- for the sake of policy even, take such tending to their own affairs to bother prompt action. In the revolution the with governmental affairs. Even the lives of foreigners were wonderfully Boxer uprising, bringing in its wake safeguarded by both imperial and the exorbitant indemnity tax, was of revolutionary troops. The cause? little concern to the people at large; Diplomacy. But where did the sense the tax being presumably just so of diplomacy awake in the minds of much more graft to fill the capacious soldiers who until recently have occu- sleeves of the local mandarin. It was pied an exceedingly low place in the business of the ruler to rule, as China's social scale, and have been it was the business of the farmer to noted more for their rioting and till the soil. We are even yet asking, brutality than for righteousness or Where was the idea of the republic bravery? The same captains who led born? For answer we must go back them to rob and pillage are now lead- in China's history 2,500 years. China's ing them in the path of order and great sage, the illustrious among obedience. Vhere did it come from? earth's great scholars, Confucius, From the new scholasticism, which gave birth to the Chinese RepUblic.

has raised the ignorant soldiery to the To the disciples of China's great rank of scholar. The system of scholar is to be given the honor of education set forth by China's forming the greatest repuhlic on earth scholars includes military and naval from the standpoint of territory and schools, a university in each prov- population. It could not belong to ince, colleges in every important city, the students trained here, for most high schools everywhere, and com- of China's foreign trained students mon, primary schools for both boys have received their education in Eng- and girls without number. Ade- land, Germany, and Japan, all of quate provision for the complete edu- which .are monarchies, not republics.

cation of more than 50,000,000 pupils Had it been due to the modern stu- have already been made. So thor- dent, the promised constitutional mon- oughly established is the scholastic archy would have been loyally up- spirit in China that it is a mighty held. It is not due to the army, for monument to education to be able to the best trained soldiers are Manchus.

point to the awakening of over 400,- And Chinese have never followed 000,000 people to a sense of national- the lead of the soldier because he. is ism of the most advanced type in the a soldier, as the French and Ger- space of a few years. What a foun- mans have done, but only because his dation, deep, solid and enduring, has cause may be right. The soldier must been laid in ages past! Upon that follow the will of the people. It is foundation is being built a super- not due to the .agitators, even those structure that is worthy of the foun- as eminent as Dr. Sun Yat Seu; for dation, but which can not be too they have appealed only that Manchus heavy for it to bear. may be driven out, and the Chinese Another great result of this scho- put in their places. They have plead lastic revolution appears in the kind only for a change of dynasty. Even of government demanded by this as illustrious a diplomat as Dr. Wu newly awakened people. The wildest Ting Fang said in a recent interview admirer of China's greatness did not that he was greatly surprized at the dream of a republic. He scarcely demand for a republic on the part of

the people, and it was not until he it into the head of this otherwise inwas offered the post of foreign af- telligent person to make such a refairs in the proposed republic that he could bring himself to believe it was mark, and in such a tone? What a reality. The whole world is· amazed possible effect could it have on one's at the turn affairs have taken. digestion to be one of a company of thirteen? It is too bad that the fact I was talking with a Chinese scholar that the day was Friday was not also last summer regarding the political mentioned. and religious situation in China. He was deploring the reign of the It is always an interesting psycho- Manchu dynasty, and lamenting the logical experiment, after such a resubjection of the Chinese race. Du- mark, to wait until the incident is ring the conversation he made this forgotten, and then to introduce the statement: "Confucius taught that subject of the opening of mines in every man, no matter how low in the China. A member of the company social scale, is responsible for the always accompanies one with the gen- eral question, "Do they really have good government of the country. The things to mine out there?" As if people are to see to it that those in all the minerals in the world had been authority are ruling righteously." In put under the sacred soil of the a word, Confucius taught the sov- United States, and "out there" were ereignty of the people, and to a somewhere in space not definitely degreater or less degree the people have fined, as, indeed, it seidom is in the always exercised this sovereignty. questioner's mind. It gives one the This same young man remarked fur- desired opportunity, however, to tell ther, when asked why there was not of the rich deposits of coal and iron, a revolt against the Manchus, that of gold, silver, and copper; enough because the soldiers did not know the not only to supply the needs of China, ancient classics they were willing to but of the whole world for many fight for whatever power paid them hundreds, perhaps thousands, of the most money. "But," said he, years, and to tell how superstition "the time is coming shortly when has kept the people poor when they they will know, and when they do might have been rich if these mines they will join with us scholars in had been opened. Upon this comes establishing our sovereignty, no mat- the question, "Why don't they open ter at what cost." The time of them?" And the reply, "Because it knowing has come, and China is put- would disturb the earth dragon, and ting into effect the teachings of her cause an earthquake"; while the greatest leader, as he is among the chorus responds, "Oh, how silly!" greatest leaders of the world. Isn't it? It makes one long for the time when the Chinese shall be "edu- A third result is the breaking down cated and civilized" up to the point of the walls of superstition. Cen- of knowing how very unlucky it is turies upon centuries of learning and to sit down with thirteen at dinner, study have not been able to eradicate or to see the new moon over one's superstition from the Anglo-Saxon race. I was at luncheon only a short left shoulder. time ago with a number of highly in- But education has revolutionized telligent men and wornen, when suddenly, in awe-stricken tones, one of the superstition which has hindered the company said, "Oh, there are thir- advance in the mining industry, and teen of us at table!" "Oh, well," said the revolution has created a demand another, "two of the children are tak- for the things which the Chinese ing one portion of food between them, earth contains. so it is the same as if there were only twelve." But what in the name It is impossible to separate religion of twentieth century scholasticism put and superstition in China, and when the progressive ideas were promul- gated by Kwang Hsu he ordered that

CHINESE REVOLUTION: AN EDUCATIONAL VIEW-POINT

a number of the temples should be order to do this he has been comcleared of their idols, and the build- pelled to find the very best that those ings converted into modern schools. writings and traditions contain, for The priests of China, who ought to their very best is still far below the be the leaders in purity and right message which he brings. This living, are the most immoral and searching for the best in Chinese despised class in the empire. Yet literature has called the attention of they have a wonderful power over the people. Again, we appeal to the his hearers to the foundation prinscholastic spirit of this great people ciples of their religion, which has to show that in so far as this revo- likewise been their government. Thus lution has touched religion, it has have Chinese classics been placed side been a purifying influence. by side with Christ's teachings con- cerning His kingdom of righteous- It is within the province of this ness, and the very comparison has paper to state the primary reason for awakened a desire on the part of this revolution. The daily papers and thousands of Chinese scholars to esperiodicals have, almost without ex- tablish more firmly the best principles ception, declared that it started by of Confucianism, which, as I have althe government demanding the con- ready pointed out, while clearly stattrol of the trunk line railroads, and ing the duty of the people to the govnegotiating foreign loans for that ernment, yet makes the voice of the purpose; while private companies de- people the deciding factor in governsired to keep the control completely mental affairs. in Chinese hands. The floods in the Yangtze Valley furnished famished And what shalI we say of the inrecruits by the thousands, demanding fluence of those who have come dibread at the hands of those in power rectly under Christian teaching in on both sides with such importunity mission schools, and have learned exthat precipitate action had to be taken perimentally of the freedom in Jesus regarding the foreign loan of $3°,- Christ? At present there are 3,136 such schools, with over 80,000 pupils. 000,000. Eighteen of these are of university This is what historians call the rank, with a thousand pupils; 130 theological and normal training- "immediate cause," but it is not the primary cause. That is to be found, schools, with 2,500 pupils; 438 boardas historians who are reliable author- ing-schools, with over 20,000 pupils; ity will point out in after years, in 2,538 elementary and primary schools, the influence of the foreign mission- with more than 55,000 pupils, etc. ary: The person least of all inter- Wherever Christianity has gone there ested in the form of earthly govern- has gone the spirit of liberty and ment under which he labors; working freedom, and China has more than under all kinds of government, from 500,000 who are openly and on record the Absolute Monarchy of the former as being in sympathy with Christian- Turkish Empire down to the "Might- ity, and studying its doctrines. I be- Makes-Right" government of the sav- lieve I am right in saying that the age African tribe. present struggle for freedom on the part of this mighty empire is due to Wherever he has gone the mission- the unconscious influence of the misary has taught and educated. Carry- sionary body, and to the wonderful "ing the highest principles of Divine power of God's Spirit working sonship and human brotherhood as through His Word to lift one-third his evangel, he has ever sought for points of contact and illustratIOns in of the human family in one mighty the writings and traditions of the movement to freedom and world-wide people among whom he works. In re~ponsibility.

MISSIONARY'S POINT OF VIEW'*

A FIELD PICTURE QF THE REAL MEANING 9F RETRENCHMENT HE missionary sat m The board recognized the justice of his plea for a helper, but not only mT deep thought. The look must refuse that, but did not see how on his face was sad his own work could be maintained beyond expression. In while he was on leave. Perhaps he his hand he held a could suggest a way, etc. letter which he had just been reading. Evidently it had brought him disquiet- So this was the outcome of his ing news. Many minutes he sat long years of self-sacrifice. Worn motionless. Suddenly he fell upon out, absolutely needing change of clihIs knees and began to pray: "0 God, Merciful Father in Heav- mate, he must leave his field without en, have pity upon my poor people! a leader, when the demands were Help me for their sakes to bear this greater than ever. The pleas from stroke. Teach me what to say to the out-stations had been so pitiful th~m. 0 God, spare them this that they had taken his last ounce of trouble. Open the way. Send Thy nerve force. He had dreamed of Spirit upon the homeland, that this reinforcement, and awakened to. regreat sorrow may not engulf us. How trenchment! The fateful word burned itself long, 0 Lord, how long?" iVhen he rose, the lines of care into his brain. Oh, if only the were deepened, and the buoyancy of church members at home could know manner was gone. He acted like an what that word meant to the misold man, stricken with palsy, yet he sionary on the field, surely they would was in middle age and fullness of his never allow it to be heard again! powers. He had come to the crisis in Had they ever practised retrench- ment? The last report said 64 cents his faith. Yes, after all these years of Chris- a year per member for foreign mis- sions-yet the field-work must be tian belief and life and service in crippled! His people must be left-. the mission field, he was now meeting his hardest spiritual test. The His people! That was the crus.hing confidence he had reposed in the thought. It was not merely that they church seemed slipping from beneath should be left without a shepherd; his feet. More than that, the confi- but how could he explain to them?

dence he had known as a servant of What could he say for the Baptists God-the reality of his own personal of America, living in the Christian faith-seemed shaken by this new land of liberty and light? How could he save the faith of his people experience. It was the critical hour. in Christianity, when Christians knew how millions of heathen were dying What had brought it upon him? without knowledge of a Savior, yet ~That was in the letter received that hour from the rooms of the Foreign Society in Boston that had stricken could not give 100 cents a year to him as swiftly and pitilessly as a send the Gospel to them? Again he sank on his knees: jungle fever or the plague? The letter was full of tenderness "Father, forgive them, they know and sympathy, of personal regard, of 110t what they do!"

brotherly kindness. The secretary had done everything in his power to They found him as he had fallen.

~often the stroke. But he was com- Providence spared him the humilia- pelled to say that the Baptists had tion of explanation. His death might not given enough to meet the budget, save his people's faith. For him it that the debt was now very heavy, was not retrenchment, but enlarge- and that retrenchment was inevitable. ment!

* From Missions.

EDITORIALS

SOME DEFICIENCIES IN MODERN 3. The mistake of consulting per- MISSIONARY WORK sonal afiinities-culture, elegant and T HE work of making Christ refined tastes, enjoyment. This is known and worshiped is the greatest work in the world and the the spirit of caste which is the enemy greatest men are engaged in it. But there are some tendencies that need of all true religion. The keynote to be watched and corrected. Among these we note: of all missions is self-forgetfulness- I. The mistake of concentration self-oblivion. instead of wide diffusion. 4. The mistake of undue depend- The error of Babel-aiming to build up gigantic centers of civiliza- ence upon organization-machinery. tion to avoid being scattered and lost sight of. This error has been re- The pnly power to convert is that peated all through history. It has resulted in a great civilization but a of the Spirit of God and the Spirit comparatively limited range and scope. Christ's method is diffusion. works in answer to prayer. The The early church remained in Jeru- subtle and acute Hindus are not salem till driven out by persecution. brought to. Christ by logical argu- Worldly enterprise would concentrate and converge rays into one burning ment or felicitous illustration. A focal point. Christ would scatter and diffuse-make the light less in- young man in the Christian School tense at one point if need be, that it may be spread more widely and the of India who took the prize in darkness be less intense. Christian evidences, confest himself 2. The mistake of selecting special fields, instead of regarding the world unmoved by his studies. as the field. Man's selection is often guided by selfishness or at least The success of missionary work short-sightedness. Fields attract by their climate, intelligence of the peo- has been always in proportion to the ple, comparative civilization, receptivity for the Gospel. God's rule is di- self-sacrifice involved, the dependence rectly the reverse. As Mary Lyon said to her pupils, "Choose work on the Spirit of God, the earnest and that no one else will undertake." If we look for the highest heroism in united supplication of the people of the mission fields we find it in the most unpromising and unfertile fields. God, and the place given to the liv- Allen Gardiner at Terra Del Fuego, W. A. B. Johnson at Sierra Leone, ing and the written Word of God. Coleridge Patteson in Melanesia, John Williams on Tahita, Mackay in Organization, energy, planning, and Uganda. tact are necessary but they are of The fields God has most blest are often the very fields man would secondary importance. A. T. P. have passed by: Madagascar, Korea, Hawaiian Islands, Zululand. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW A Backward Look Over Thirty-Five Years THE type of the missionary maga- zines has changed greatly in the past thirty-five years.

Then men and women who knew how to write well and who at the same time were familiar with mis- sionary principles and work were few in number; now they are a host.

Then the literature of missions was meager and had to be created; now it is practically impossible to keep pace with the output of missionary books.

Then the style of articles printed concerning missions savored of the sermon, the personal letter or an ap- peal; now a literary quality is de- manded, with a strength of purpose and a reliability in facts, that give

missionary papers a value of their TORS to change somewhat the characown apart from their worthy sub- ter of the REVIEW during the coming ject and aim. year-making it somewhat more pop- ular in style and contents, and leav- Then few missionary books and ing the scientific and heavier topics periodicals were illustrated and those and discussions to such quarterlies that used pictures were content with as The East and the West and The few cuts and poorly executed pro- International Review of Missions. ductions; now art and photography This does not mean in any sense a have given us a wealth of diagrams change of viewpoint or a departure and half-tones that make pages at- from the basic principles for which tractive to the eye and bring the we have stood, but rather a presenworld to view. tation of facts and theories in a more popular form-suited to general read- Then Missionary interest was ers, to pastors and intelligent laymen chiefly local and denominational-it and women who seek information was difficult to lead men and women and inspiration for themselves and away from provincialism; today in- that they may pass it on to others. terest is increasingly world-wide and non-sectarian. A FORWARD LOOK Then "Missions" referred almost During the coming year the dewholly to simple preaching; to-day partments of the REVIEW will remain the word includes education, industry, the same. medical work, literature and a host of other branches. The Signs of the Times will dis- cuss briefly the noteworthy move- Then mIssIOnary literature was ments, at home and abroad, that inused chiefly for propaganda-to raise dicate the tendencies and progress of money-and papers and leaflets were the Kingdom of God. given away freely; to-day these publications in book and magazine form The Leading Articles will consist bring prices as high as that paid of strong, stimulating papers on the for other literature and they are spiritual Biblical basis, methods, and worth it. People readily P'joY for the power for missions; the great instruction and entertainment they re- achievements, the heroes and heroines ceive through the modem type of of missions; the life-stories of native missionary books and magazines. Christians; various aspects of non- Christian religions as contrasted with THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE Christianity; brief articles from na- WORLD has just completed thirty-five tive converts themselves; letters from travelers; papers on various years of life. It inaugurated a new forms of Home Missions-frontiers, kind of missionary monthly-inde- negroes, Indians, foreigners, eskimos, pendent, outspoken, practical, with etc.; the achievements and methods world-wide interests, and a literary of local churches and other orgaquality. It has brought to light many nizations in behalf of missions. a worthy cause and noble but unknown worker; it has stood for the The Selected Articles from other spiritual ideals and principles taught magazines and books will keep our in the Bible and has advocated the readers informed of what others are closer cooperation of the Missionary saying and will give a wide range Boards and a more careful study of of acquaintance with many of our conditions and methods. For years best missionary periodicals. there was no other missionary period- ical that discust the science of mis- The Editorials will discuss the cursions on any broad basis. To-day rent thought of the day, the printhere are several monthly and quar- ciples of missionary endeavor, and terly reviews that are devoted to the the standpoint and policy of the REmore scholarly study of the subject. VIEW on various matters. It seems therefore wise to the EDI- The Missionary News will be gath- mosa; Shinto. Politics and Misered most carefully, month by month, sions. will be digested and served up in the most palatable form-condensed, October. Moslem Lands; Turkey, spicy and reliable. Persia, Arabia, etc.; Mohammedan- ism. Greek Catholicism and Greek Books for the Missionary Library Lands: Russia, Greece, etc. Coopwill be reviewed by those who know eration and Unity. missions and know books. The aim will be to keep readers informed of November. South America; Fronwhat is most worth reading and cir- tier Missions in North America. culating in recent volumes that relate Mormonism. Prayer and Missions. to home and foreign missions, non- Christian religions and mission lands. December. The Jews and Jewish Communities; Missionary Literature. The best of writers on this vast Principles and Ideals of Missions. range of ubjects will contribute to The Progress of Missions. make the REvIEW unequalled as a missionary periodical. Photographs, ST. PAUL'S MISSIONARY cartoons, diagrams and other types of graphic art will be extensively used PRINCIPLES, III .to make the REVIEW attractive and impressive. The Law of Accommodation. "I am made all things to all men, that A PROGRAM OF TOPICS by all means I might have some." Paul identified himself with every A general program of topics will class of men whom he met and sought be followed for the year-with a to save. Christian character is someview to covering the whole world in times rigid and frigid in its inflextwelve months. The orcter will be ibility. We know very HttIe about as follows: bending and stooping. We have our inborn, inbred peculiarities; we call January. The World View. The them characteristics because they seem Home Church. Unoccupied Field!;. inseparable from character. Our The Missionary Message. high intellectuality lifts us above ig- norance, our refined taste above February. The Chinese Republic. coarseness, our wealthy associations Chinese Religions. Orientals in above the environments of poverty. America. The Native Church. We are prone to consult our affinities. And so society separates into little March. Mexico, Central America groups of those who are like-minded. and the Vvest Indies. Citv Missions. !3elf-Iove degenerates into selfishness; Foreigners in America. The Social we become comparatively isolated, and Problems of the Gospel. do not touch the great mass of -humanity sympathetically, savingly. April. India, Burma and Ceylon. Hinduism and other Religions of The Apostle Paul had everything to India. Educational Missions. tempt him to a similar isolation and separation. He was a man of royal May. Central Asia. Siam, Laos, mind, enriched with imperial culture. Malaysia. Buddhism. Mountaineers He had refined sensibilities and he in the Southland. ".'as delicately organized. All his emo- tional and affectionate nature was built June. Africa and Madagascar. on the most exquisite pattern. He had The Negro in America. Fetishism. the strength of manly courage and Industrial Missions. fortitude, with the tenderness of womanly sympathy and sensibility. July. Arctic Lands. The Ameri- He was aggressively active, yet his can Indian. The Islands of the Sea. energy and activity were qualified by Australasia. the passive virtues.

August. Papal .and Protestant Such a man was one most likely to Europe. Roman Catholicism. Missionary Conventions and Missionary Reinforcements.

September. Japan, Korea and Forretire into the comparative exclusion Lord all else was consumed. The and seclusion of a few cultured lust of gain, of applause, of pleasure, friends. He might have been at the of office, of power, of achievement, head of an academy, or a court, or all burned as to ashes in those inward an army, but he would have been nat- fires that left only the image of his urally the center of a small circle of Redeemer to survive and glow the intimate associates. more brightly. Of this self-abnega- tion there is no expression more sub- But Paul had beneath his life a lime than that in the epistle to the principle of accommodation. He saw Colossians (I. 24), "Who now rejoice all men in a lost condition, and so ter- in my sufferings for you, and fill up rible was spiritual alienation from that which is behind of the afflictions God that in those measureless depths all comparative differences were lost, of Christ in my flesh for his body's as in the star-sown depths of illimit- sake, which is the church." able space. He forgot his intellectual gifts and graces, his fine sensibilities To be crucified with Christ was a and. selfish affinities in one burning reality to such a man. It meant a desire to save men. To the Jew he cross and a death to self in order to was a Jew, that he might gain the save others. Christ's death saved Jews; to those who were under the no human soul. It only made salvalaw or without law, he was himself tion possible. The word of God is in the same condition, that he might but the declaration of the terms of save them. He sacrificed no princi- salvation. The Holy Spirit must take ple, he denied no truth, he compro- of the truth and blood and apply them mised no eternal verities, but he got to the soul. But how does the apdown to every other man's level and plication come? By human agency. jrom his point of view looked at life The believer is a witness and a herand duty, law and penalty, sin and sal- aId; he tells the story of redeeming vation. love, and he adds his own expeJ:ience to attest the word. The Holy Spirit 4. Seeking the Profit of Many uses that believing testimony to con- vince the reason, persuade the heart, Paul was moved by the Principle and move the will. It may be reverof self-abnegation. "Not seeking mine ently said that the blood of Jesus plus own profit, but the profit of many that the witness of the word, plus the they may be saved." Mark, not even work of the Holy Spirit, plus the his own profit. There are manl who believer, save sinners, for, each in its get where they forego pleasure for own place, all together are used by other's profit, but Paul surrendered God to accomplish the salvation of the even his own profit. He simply lost lost. God might have saved men imsight of himself in his passion for mediately. He chose to do it medisouls. ately. Hence Paul needed to fill up what was behind of the sufferings of Only in the light of this marvelous enthusiasm for God can we interpret Chril't in his own flesh for his body's Paul's self-limitation. HI determined sake. He was ever ready to suffer not to know anything among you with Christ and bear in his body the save Jesus Christ and him crucified." marks, stigmata, of the Lord Jesus. Wisdom of words he could forego lest the cross of Christ be made of Paul's success in evangelism is no none effect. Literary ambition bec- mystery; it is all an open secret. Give koned him on to receive its shining us one man, moved by stlch principles crown, but he forgot all else in that of evangelization, obligation, accomabsorbing passion. He could say with modation, abnegation, and again the Count von Zinzendorf, "lch hab' eine history of humanity shall show a man Passion, und die ist Br, nur Br." (I who in one generation will compass have one passion; it is He, only He.) the known world with the network of his personal labor and make a con- In this flame of devotion to his tinent echo with his testimony I

WORLD-WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS AMERICA ic~l .administration when they keep wlthm IS per cent. Does it cost so IForeign Students in American Colleges much for mission administration? T is stated that among the regular How much of our money really students at American Colleges and reaches India, Egypt and the Sudan?

universities during the year 19II-12 ':The records of the foreign board, which are published and distributed there were 4,856 from foreign lands. widely throughout the, country show that of every dollar paid into the Mexico sent 294 and the West Indies board treasury, one-half of a cent goes to pay the interest on money 6gB. The Far East sent many, borrowed because of irregularity in the Church's gifts. Eight-tenths of namely, China, 549; Japan, 415; a cent is expended on literature and missionary advertising which bring in Korea, 2 I, and the Philippine I2s3lanpdes~ other gifts. Two and eight-tenths 123, furnishing thus almost cents go to expenses of administra- tion. Of every dollar, 95 9-IO cents cent. of all the foreign students. The go directly to the work. Not 50 importance of making these future cents to get 50 cents there; not i5 leaders of their people acquainted cents to get 25 cents to the field; not $JOo to get $5 into those dark lands. with the Gospel, that they may re- No! It takes less than five cents to get $1.00 to the field." turn well equipped to do something TA Banner Year for Presbyterians worth while for their people, is ap- HE fiscal year of the Presbyter- ian Board of Foreign Missions parent. (North) closed March 31. It was a banner year. The income reached Medical Missionary Conference Meeting the unprecedented total of $2,- THE fifth annual meeting of the Medical Missionary Conference 046,793. This puts the Board in will be held at the Sanitarium, Battle the lead as having the largest income Creek, Michigan, beginning Decem- of any foreign mission board of the ber 31, and holding over January 3. world. For the first time in its his- These conferences have for their tory, it has passed the figures of the chief object the encouragement of the Church Missionary Society of Engmedical branch of missionary work. land. One notable feature of the A very cordial invitation is extended year's giving were the offerings of to all Christian missionaries to at- $596,000 from the women of the tend this conference, all members are church, aside from the gifts of the to be entertained free for one week congregation. The Sunday-schools by the institution. Inquiries may be gave $76,000 for foreign missions. addrest to The Medical Missionary, The Board began its work in 1837. Battle Creek, Mich. The receipts for the first year were $44,548. The Coat of Missionary Admini.tration Each year the officers and members SAYS the Missionary Board of the of the Board devote several days in United Presbyterian Church: June to a conference with the newly "Such statements as these are com- appointed missionaries. The Board monly repeated: 'It costs a dollar to get a dollar to the heathen,' and 'It costs three dollars to get a dollar to the heathen.' The story is told of a man who, having given $5.05 to missions, was asked why he gave such a peculiar amount. 'The five cents is for the heathen, and the five dollars is to get it there,' he said. Business men say it is very econom-

is this year sending 106 new mission- was opened forty years ago, and its aries to the front. Of these China re- influence has been felt all over the ceives a larger number than any other Christian world. field. Twenty-four recruits are going to the 6 missionary districts into The Gospel in Porto Rico which the Presbyterian work in the republic is divided; 7 have been FIFTEEN American missionary so- detailed for service in Africa and 14 cieties have work in Porto Rico. for the 2 missions in India. The They report 167 missionaries, 120 others are divided in small companies church organizations and 9,6g2 com- . among the missions in Japan, Korea, municants. The Methodists report Guatemala, Mexico, Persia, the Philip- the largest membership, 2,524; while pines, Laos and Siam. A number of the Presbyterians are second with those under appointment have not yet 2,415 members. been assigned to any definite field. A New Tribe of Eskimos American Slavery in 1852 and 1912 BISHOP HOLMES of Athabasca T HE Record of Christian Work tens in the March issue of the C. calls attention to the fact that, Jl. S. Gleaner of the recent discovery while the present year is the fiftieth by Mr. Stefansson, a Norwegian an- anniversary of the issue of "Uncle thropologist, of a new tribe of Eski- Tom's Cabin," white slavery is amaz- mos, one thousand strong, in the re- ingly strong in the United States. gion of Copper Mine River, north of Miss Jane Addams has stated in M c- Great Bear Lake (on the Arctic Clure's Jlagazine that little girls of Circle), and another tribe of about incredible youth have been saved from the same number in Victoria Land, white slavers in Chicago. She said, an island of the Arctic Sea. Of the latter it is stated that they still live "Quite recently I visited a home for by their bows and arrows, that stone girls against each of whom stood a implements are still in use, and that grave charge involving the loss of they had not previously seen the face chastity. Upon each of the little white of a white man. beds, or on the chair standing beside them, was a doll belonging to a delit>- Christian Activity of the Volunteers quent owner still young enough to love and cherish this toy of child- T HE Volunteers of America, with hood." General and Mrs. Ballington Booth as leaders, have decided, Is it not time that American Chris- through their Grand Field Council, tians arise and destroy the terrible just held in Cleveland, to appoint coalition of the brewing interests and advisory boards of not fewer than the politicians which is intimately re- five leading citizens of each city in lated to the white slave traffic in Chi- which Volunteers have considerable cago, and probably everywhere else? philanthropic work. The Council also named a board of five mem- Water Street Mission, New York bers of Volunteer organizations to supervise Sunday-school work, which T HE trustees of the old McAuley is growing among Volunteers. Al- Water Street Mission are erect- most 35,000 families were helped ing a new building, and all that IS last year in the poor sections of large needed to finish it free of debt is $25,- cities, and 640,944 persons were fed 000, five thousand of which has been with substantial meals. Homes of subscribed on condition that the bal- Mercy cared for 5,000 women, and alance is raised. The work is not one most 40,000 lodgings were given in that aims simply at the reformation the year. In the medical dispensaries of men, but it aims at their regener- 14,000 new cases were treated, and ation, and it has been the instrument 17,767 old ones cared for, or almost in God's hands for the rescue of thou- 32,000 cases in all. Nearly 1,000,000 sands of drunkards and criminals. It

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

persons attended the indoor Sunday mission for about two months. Thea- and week night meetings, and 2,700,- tres, halls, and churches have been 000 the outdoor meetings. The crowded with people anxious to hear, Prisoners' League, the special work of and the Spirit of the Lord has been Mrs. Booth, has now 72,000 members, working mightily, so that many hun- and of discharged prisoners going dreds have profest conversion. The under Volunteers' care, 79 per cent. work has culminated in the purchase are living reformed lives. By corre- of a Greek church and its transforma- spondence and service the Volunteers tion into a house of prayer, a house are in touch with 80,000 men who are for the Gospel. The friends had been to-day behind prison bars. praying that God would give them a EUROPE place to hold the meetings and reach the multitudes. When they learned Roman Catholic Missionary Education that this fine, large, well-built wooden GERMAN Roman Catholics have church, formerly used by the military, entered upon a campaign of mis- was for sale, Mr. Fetler at once sought to secure it, and, tho others were eager sionary education among their people. to purchase it, he succeeded in getting A year ago a scientific missionary it for £3,800, including the fine piece of land on which it stands and another magazine, Zeitschrift jiir Missiolls- plot adjoining-payment of £1,000 wissenschaft, was founded. Its edi- to be made on purchase, the remainder tor, Professor Schmidlin, is the first in instalments spread over five years. Roman Catholic professor of missions So great was the enthusiasm of the in the University ef Munster. An council and friends that at the first illustrated and well-edited family meeting to consider it they gave and magazine, Die Katholischen Missio- promised £ 700. The property is now nen, was also founded in imitation of theirs." Dr. Julius Richter's Die Evangelischen Missionen. This winter, courses of lectures on missions have been an- A Church Without a Mission nounced for the students of the Uni- O versities of Munich, Strasburg, and UR attention has been drawn to the Reformed Church in Hun- Breslau by Roman Catholic teachers. gary, particularly by the reports of delegates to it from the Presbyterian From September 1st to 3d the first Church in Ireland and the United Missionary Conference (Ferienkurs Free Church of Scotland, which have fur Missionare) was held in Lowen, been published in the denominational at the suggestion of Father Wilhelm papers. Schmidt, of Steyl, the founder of the The church has a history mostly publication Anthropos. It was attended by about 40 delegates from . written in blood and tears, because its missionary societies, universities, and dwelling-place is upon the plains of the Danube, which were the battleother institutions, and a local com- field between Moslem and QIristian mittee in Lowen, with Cardinal Mer- for centuries, and it has suffered hardcier as chairman, and an international ship and persecution from Roman committee, were organized as a kind Catholicism for many years, openly of "continuation committee." Thus, until religious toleration was declared the Roman Catholic Church in Ger- a hundred years ago, and more or less many has begun to interest itself in secretly since that time. It counts missionary education as a help to increased interest in missionary work.

,p Success After Long Waiting almost three millions of souls, and RINCIPAL McCAIG writes to has more than 2,000 ordained men in the London Christian: "Pastor its ministry. Many of its lay mem- Fetler, through the blessing of God, bers occupy positions of great influis touching the heart wonderfully in ence in Hungary, and the church Riga, where he has been holding a buildings are imposing in appearance

and built for large congregations. Its arise between missions and governfive theological seminaries are well ments; (2) the appointment of a filled with students for the ministry. Christian journalist, as an agent to While its worship is marked by the supply the secular press with news most extreme simplicity, the congre- from all the societies; (3) a plan for gational singing, carried on without cooperation in producing and circuchoirs, is hearty and voluminous, since lating missionary literature; (4) a men as well as women take part in it. scheme for a wide policy of medical But there is no public reading of the and general education in China; (5) Scriptures. Sabbath-schools are few, a proposal for raising the woman tho the children attend the regular missionary to the full status in counservices, and the attitude of the cil of her male comrade; (6) the Church and her ministry toward the home base, and how to make it rise observance of the Lord's day is, to to the challenge of the situation. A say the least, quite "continentaL" number of interesting and valuable reports were given from sub-com- And this church, old, large, influen- mittees appointed at the York Contial, has no missionary work at the ference last year, and special attenpresent time! Within her boundaries tion was directed to the problem and live Slovaks, Rumanians, Ruthens, opportunity of China at the present Jews, and Gypsies, whose languages juncture. are easily acquired by her members, who are highly gifted linguists! Her TThe S. P. G. Summer School a.t York geographical situation is such that HE sixth annual summer school Islam offers a continuous challenge to meeting of the S. P. G., held at her ! Yet, no active missionary effort! York, June 29th to July 6th, was pre- sided over by the Archbishop of Recently, a lady, a member of the York. The main features in the Reformed Church of Hungary, has scheme of the school were the daily gone to Africa. God grant that this early Eucharist, Bible-study by Canon prove the first step toward missionary E. A. Stuart, and Intercessions, lecactivity worthy of a church with such tures by many eminent and able men, glorious past and such encouraging and evening conferences. present. Socialistic Sunday-schools EUROPE-CREAT BRITAIN W RITING on the spread of "So- A Notahle Missionary Conference cialistic Sunday-schools," Rev. J. E. Linnell, of Pavenham, says: DURING three days in June a It is stated that" some 13,000 or 14,000 conference of more than ordinary children have already been induced significance was held at Swanwick, to join these; and the movement is Derbyshire, the conference head- ever strengthening itself. These facts quarters of the Student Christian are too horrible to be believed. They Movement. A direct outcome of are true, nevertheless; and any who "Edinburgh, 1910," this gathering will take the trouble to inquire into was I;epresentative of all the denomi- such matters will find that these nations, the secretaries and officials schools, with their blasphemous teachof over 40 different societies meeting ing, their awful catechisms, etc., are, for free discussion and mutual coun- as one may say, "in full swing" all sel. The note of the gathering was over the country. What the fruit unity and cooperation, and the pro- from such seed will be one can not ceedings throughout were marked by imagine without a shudder. Appeals a deeply spiritual atmosphere. Among for help to counteract the evil tenthe subjects and plans discust were dencies of the times are constantly the following: (I) The formation of being received by members of the a body, composed of missionary work- churches.-London Christian. ers and "experienced public persons," to conduct any business that may

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ASIA-MOSLEM LANDS Christiana in the Turkish Army BiMea Called For in Arabia AN important event took place when, at the beginning of the T HE American Bible Society, with Italo-Turkish war, the Sultan decided the cooperation of the Arabian to call to the colors all non-Moham- Mission of the Reformed Church, dis- medans, both Christians and Jews. tributed 4,550 copies of the Scriptures At one time Christian children were in southeastern Arabia last year. The seized and incorporated in the ranks war between Italy and Turkey and of the J anissaries, but they were conthe disturbances in Persia have pois- verted to Islam at the same time. oned the minds of the Arabs, awak- To-day the Christians are incorpoened a spirit of Pan-Islamism and rated in the Turkish army, but they thus stirred up pronounced opposi- preserve their religion. To-day all, tion to Christian missionary effort. Turks, Jews, Christians, are Otto- man subjects, sons of the fatherland, In spite of these difficulties, how- and called upon to defend it. The ever, great progress has been made Christian communities are no longer by evangelistic and medical tours in insignificant minorities, weakly dethe interior of the country, especially fended by their patriarchs, but vital in the mountains of Oman, where parts of the organism. there are 1,000,000 people. The Khutbas, short sermons prepared in Mos- If this association of Moslem and lem style especially for Mohamme- non-Moslem soldiers develops without dans, are much desired from the col- incident, the brotherliness of the peoporteurs, tho the old suspicion against ples in the Turkish Empire will have any Moslem seen conversing with a taken a great step forward. • Bible colporteur still continues among German Aid Society for Christian these Arabs. Charity in the East A Syrian Pre.bytery AT the time of the great massacres DR. IRA HARRIS, of Tripoli, of Armenian Christians by the writes of the meeting of Pres- fanatical followers of the false probytery in Tripoli: There are thirteen phet, in 1896, German Christians churches, including Tripoli and Horns, founded the German Aid Society for their combined membership being Christian Ch,uity in the East. They 539, with 1,219 church attendants decided to send out two laborers, one, and 1,317 Sabbath-school members. a physician, to care for the sick, and For all purposes the income of these the other, a minister, to care for the churches was $114,856. There were numerous orphans and to ocCUpy 42 additions last year. Dr. Harris Kharput, where American missionarsays that a year ago pastors and ies had been laboring since 1855. people were very enthusiastic and When the new missionaries reached took as their "battle-cry" the stirring Constantinople, the German Consulwords: "A soul for every member General pointed out to them the great of the church." But the churches difficulties and discouragements did not double in their membership. awaiting them, but he was not able Only 42 were received. They felt to shake their faith in the ability of deprest over the outcome this year. God to overcome aiL obstacles. They He says: "One reason for the failure went, in February 1897, to Kharput, is emigration. Out of the 539 mem- where they took care of the poor and bers, 399 are reported as being at the sick, then they rented two houses present in the United States and in New Kharpoot (or Mesereh) and South America. They comprize the commenced the work among the orleading members of the church. Usu- phans. Soon they had gathered 200 ally they are the men. Women and of them, when the Turkish Governor girls remain at home. It is the men peremptorily demanded that the chiIand boys who emigrate, to make money for the family."

dren be sent away. The Lord aided, ceive higher education, the fault is and the work was allowed to go on, not with the mission schools and coltho under tremendous difficulties. leges, which offer every inducement. Again and again the Turkish officials The missionaries would gladly see threatened to close the work, and many times the present number of sometimes the missionaries considered girls in their colleges and training if it would not be wise to transfer the schools. The Isabella Thoburn norwork to the American missionaries, mal school, Lucknow, offers each year who were less disturbed than they. ten government stipends for girls who But the Germans persevered, trusting have passed the matriculation examin God, and now, after 15 years ination. Eight of these stipends furnish Rs. 20 per mensem, and two of work, they have 5 prosperous furnish Rs. 30 per mensem for girls who have some experience in teachstations in Armenia. In Mesereh 500 ing. This year only four students orphans are looked after, while its have applied for these stipends, all schools accommodate more than 1,000 of whom are from the Isabella Thopupils. The 42 German missionaries burn high school. Last year only six and 72 native teachers care for 1,800 of the ten stipends were used, and the orphans in the 5 stations, while teach- year .before only seven of the ten. ers, male and female, in 32 villages The demand for graduates of this are in close touch with the work. A norma·l school to fill positions as large, fine hospital has been built in teachers in schools in all parts of the Marash, while the influence for good United Provinces grows greater year of the work is apparent every where. by year, but the number of candidates The income of the society was $132,- that we have to offer for such posts is smaller each year." 332 in 1911. Christian Ascetics in India INDIA I N The East and the West, Mr. K. Laymen's Conference Proposed for India T. Paul makes a powerful plea for the evangelization of India by AT the request of several laymen the means of an order of celibate who have been attending the Pal- wandering friars. He describes the lavaram Camps of the Y. M. C. A. pioneers of the method who are now of Madras, a general meeting of the at work, and shows that the Order Indian Christian Laymen was con- of the Imitation of Jesus has been vened some months ago, to consider established with the view of developthe feasibility of holding a laymen's ing the work. Two westernersconference, at a secluded outside sta- Brothers Stokes and Western-are tion, to meet the special needs of the now living the life of "celibate wanemployed men with a view to pro- dering friars." Brother We~tern atmote Christian fellowship and unity, tended the Edinburgh World Misto deepen their spiritual life, and to sionary Conference and made a fine create indigenous missionary enter- impression on account of his manifest prise. A committee is now work- sincerity of purpose. Brother Stokes ing out the details of the arrange- has become betrothed to a Hindu ments for the conference. Christian girl, in order that he may be brought into still closer touch with Women Care Nothing for Education the people. He thinks that this mar- riage will be a breach of the "letter" MISS ROBINSON, principal of of his vow of celibacy, but it will the IsabeHa Thoburn College, be a keeping of the "spirit" of his Lucknow, in a letter to the Indian pledge, because it will further the Christian Messenger,. shows what purpose for which he took the vow difficulties confront those who would and bring him closer to the natives. promote the higher education of the women of India. In this case poverty of money is not a chief cause, for money is lying unused. Says Miss Robinson: "If few Indian girls re-

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After his marriage Brother Stokes the exception of the boarding-schools, can scarcely claim to be a "celibate" training schools, high schools, colstill. While we have no doubt that leges and the Itinerancy, is placed unthese devoted men are doing much der this council.-C. M. S. Gleaner. good, we believe that the Church consists of men, women and children Once Moslem, Now Christian who live in families and need the Christian pastor, who is the head of F MASIH, formerly a fanatical a well-ordered household and lives a • Moslem, but now a missionary to simple, pure, and godly life. his people at Amristar (in the Pan- jab), has recently organized joint Converted Through Reading the Bible readings in. the Koran and the Bible, before assemblages of Mohammedans, AN Indian clerk in a Madras rail- allowing his hearers to decide on the way office overheard the remark respective merits of the two books. that the English Bible was the best The reading has latterly been by book from which to learn English. topics, which method has clearly re- He procured a copy from a friend, vealed the intrinsic poverty of the giving in exchange a volume of Re- Koran from a religious point of view. nan, and set himself to study it, in order to improve his knowledge of Indian Tongues in Roman Character English. Soon, however, the Book gript his attention, and he read it T HE proposal to supersede, for through once, twice, thrice. At length, practical purposes, the complex convinced that Christianity was the characters of the languages of India, true faith, and that Christ was able by the introduction of phonetic writto save him from his sins, he went ing based on the Roman alphabet, is to the missionary who relates the receiving increased attention, as its story, and after a long conversation importance becomes more widely realsatisfied him that his knowledge was ized. That such a measure would clear and experience definite. In the greatly help the spread of education end he joined the church, won "to is beyond question, while the advantwalk after the Lord" through the age of some adjustable system when reading of the Scriptures. applied to forms of speech which have not hitherto been reduced to writing Self-government and Self-extension is equally obvious. In the July issue of the Journal of the Royal Asiatic I N no part of the mission field in Society the subject is discust at India has the native church reached length by Mr. R. Grant Brown, of such a high development as in South the Indian Civil Service, who goes so India, and nowhere else do mission far as to urge that, whatever his organizations affect such large and qualifications, the probationer who deinfluential communities. The nine- sires to understand and be understood teenth report of the work of the dis- in any Indian tongue should, in the trict church council of the Society in first place, receive a thorough train- Tinnevelly reveals steady progress. ing in the science of phonetics. While The society's grant was Rs 26,000; in commending for some purposes the 1910 it had been reduced to Rs 193, Imperial Script advocated by Rev. and ceases this financial year. The Joshua Knowles, Mr. Brown emphapeople's "sangam" (assembly) offer- sizes the value of the system of the ings in the same period increased from International Phonetic Associa;tion, Rs 12,073 to Rs 31,497. The council formulated 25 years ago. is responsible for the oversight of work affecting 65,000 Christians min- Indian Home Mission to the Santals istered to by 46 Tamil clergymen and 800 catechists and teachers. The W HEN Lars Skrefsrud, one of entire work of the mission, with the two founders of the Indian Home Mission to the Santals, died on December II, 19IO (~ee MISSION-

ARY REVIEW, 1911, April, p. 318), it that Rev. E. W. Thwing, an Amer- seemed to some as if the work, com- ican, has been appointed advisor to menced and carried so vigorously and the government in the work of opium faithfufly by him and his helpers, prohibition. Mr. Thwing ~is the would be at least considerably weak- secretary of the International Reform ened. The forty-fourth annual re- Bureau and has been working with port for the 18 months 19IO- the Chinese for 25 years. During 1911, which has just reached us, the last three years he has been giving shows clearly that this has not hap- his whole time to the fight against pened. Skrefsrud was sick for many the opium trade, has founded the months before his death and during National Anti-Opium Society in Pe- those anxious months the steps neces- king, and has taken part in "pipe sary for the securing of the undis- burnings."

turbed continuation of the Mission Shanghai Union Language School were taken. Rev. P. O. Bodding, L Dumka, Santal Parganas, Bengal,. AST February an institution that has been long talked about but was formally appointed his successor, new trustees were appointed, and rules has not before been started was and statutes to be followed in the fu- opened in Shanghai. It was a Union ture conduct of the work were framed. Language School for missionaries. The central management was left in While this school had no formal authe Mission field, but the supporters thorization from the various missions, in Norway, Denmark, and the United the plan had the approval and co- States effectively control through operation of representatives of. the their right to sanction the budget pro- different missions. There was a posals and their duty to select the faculty of fifteen in addition to lec- turers. The response was even more workers to be sent out. The regular Mission work, evange- hearty than was expected for appliistic and pastoral, has been carried 011 cations for registration were received very much as usual in 1911. In the from 130 Mandarian students. Eighty missionaries who had been Santal Parganas district, the old field, driven to take refuge in Shanghai the progress has been very slow, while attended the school. The tuition fee, in the Assam Colony and in Maldah fixt at $5.00, provided for all the and Dinajpur comparatively many expenses of the school as the faculty heathen have been gathered in. A asked for no remuneration. The suctraining institution for Christian cess of the undertaking indicates a workers among the Santals, sorely needed all these years, is now being strong need for a permanent union planned and it is hoped to have the language school.

school at work in 1913 or 1914. The Canton Christian College missionary force consisted of I I T HE latest news from the Canton white and 266 Indian laborers, among Christian College shows that the the latter being 6 native pastors and 3 native doctors. new year has opened with 340 stu- dents in all departments on March 1.

CHINA Of these 129 are in the middle school China's New Campaign Against Opium and college, and 211 in the lower schools. However, the pupils in the W E have spoken of Dr. Sun Yat day and Sunday-schools in nearby Sen's appeal to the British na- villages and in the night-school for tion for the abolition of the opium workmen should be added to the num- traffic already (see MISS. REV., Au- ber above.

gust, 1912, p. 626). We are glad to The fees received from students, note that the young Republic seems covering tuition and rent for the year, determined to commence a stronger and board and incidentals for a half- fight against the evil. It is reported year, amounted to $13,000 gold; Cash

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receipts from subscribers to the dormi- place to compare with that of Canton tory fund, after completion of the for its size and magnificence. The second dormitory, have left $II,OOO grounds and the buildings of the gold in hand for the third dormitory, temple were invaded by bands of the which is now building. revolutionary army, whose purpose it was to destroy the idols and burn the During the year American givers temple with fire. contributed $17,530 ($7,500 for buildings, $1,000 for scholarship), but The Way the Church Grows money is urgently needed especially on account of the growth of the col- F rVE or six Christian carpenters lege. The Chinese themselves rank and builders of Seoul went down it as the best school in South China, into the country some miles, in the and officials, gentry and merchants are way of their regular business to a sending their sons and are liberally country town where there were no contributing of their means. The col- believers. As the result of their livlege has not been disturbed during the ing Christ and teaching about Him, recent civil war in China, and it has when they returned a few weeks later, been the refuge for the missionaries they left behind them a group of from the interior. Friends of the col- Christians regularly meeting and worlege point out that it can have shiping, a church, in fact. One of 1,000 students in three years, if the most delightful things about it all the accommodations, the teachers, and is, that tho the church thus started, the money for running expenses .are being on Methodist territory, will provided. Day and Sunday-schools belong with that mission, the workin the nearby villages can be quickly men belonged to another denominaextended, since the inhabitants of tion, and everybody is quite happy some of them have broken their idols and satisfied. No idea of trying to and have asked for Christian teachers. swell the adherents or glory of their own church entered their minds, only The Seamy Side of Occidental Influence to save souls for Christ's sake. Do we foreigners leave a group of Chris- T HE Chinese Students' Journal, of tians behind us as results of our la- Shanghai, mentions the fact that bor when we visit a place on busia large foreign distillery at Chaokow ness ?-Korea Mission Field. is now turning out 600 piculs of whisky a day. Opium out; alcohol Church-building in West China in ! So the trading Mammon corrupts and demoralizes. T HE United Methodist Free Church of England has mis- Deatruction of Idols in China sionaries at work among the inhabit- ants of the Rice Ear Valley, West REV. CHARLES BONE, of Can- China, and many of them have be- ton, writing to the Methodist come Christians. These are among Times, says: "The day we have the most independent of the Miao waited for, foreseen, foretold, and ex- Christians, and give frequent trouble pected has come at last. This week, to the missionaries, but they are very in the city of Canton, one of the faithful. They had an old chapel greatest cities in China, and the vast which six times collapsed on account emporium of the South, all the idols of infirmity. Last year they deteriIi the most frequented and influen- mined to build a smaller place of tial of the temples have been dragged stone, but the cost was too great. forth from their dust:covered cor- Friends of the missionaries promised ners into the open-air to be beheadeJ. aid, and the old building was torn A Shing Wong Miu, or temple to down, and a small bamboo and plasthe tutelary god of the city, is found ter building was run up, and shelin almost every walled town in China, tered the people for nearly twelve but r have never seen any other months. Now they have succeeded

in building a comfortable and sub- and think of the pilgrims and mer- stantial house of worship. It has chants exposed to the fury of the stone walls and great wooden pillars, tempest and in danger of death. They and the two class-rooms and the gal- go to the nearest Lama and buy lery can be thrown open into the "paper horses" (pieces of paper with larger building by means of folding a picture of a horse stamped on doors, so that a crowd of one thou- each). In spite of wind and snow. sand can be accommodated on spe- they climb the nearest mountain top cial occasions. There was no supply and set the "paper horses" free. As of timber near at hand, and the coun- the wind carries them away, they try had to be scoured for many miles pray to the great Buddha to lay them before sufficient trees could be pur- at the feet of the weary, storm-stayed chased. Hundreds of men were pilgrims, and to turn them into living needed to bring the wooden pillars horses to bear the pilgrims to their on which the roof rests, and they homes in safety. Mr. French Ridley worked hard. Much of the work of the China Inland Mission has well was done by the Christians themselves, said that likewise we should prayer- who gave over 2,000 days of free fully scatter the printed Word of labor, in addition to more than $200. God, that it may reach the endan- Many of the strong young women gered wanderer and lead him to joined in and took their share of the safety in Christ. given labor. The chapel was opened . on August 12th, in the presence of JAPAN enormous crowds. It is now being decorated by the painters at the ex- Vice in Japanese Cities pense of the Christians of the Rice Ear Valley. LED by the great Count O]{uma, public conscience has been awak- Is Tibet Open? ened in Japan, and the question of the segregation of vice is receiving wide- A MISSIONARY of the Foreign awake attention. When the yoshi- Christian Missionary Society in wara (the vice districts) of Osaka Batang, which is loca{ed near" the and Tokyo were burned, they were frontier of Tibet, reports that it is not allowed to rebuild in the midst now possible to send telegrams to of the city, but were driven to the Chandow in Tibet and that the post- outskirts, and indeed some of the dis- office is open through the whole coun- tricts have not yet been rebuilt. Men try. Thus Tibet can be scarcely of power in Japan are those belong- called a "closed" land any longer, but ing to the Satsuma clan-men who in it may soon have to be called a the days of old Japan stood firm "neglected" land. At Batang the against social corruption and would crowds at the regular services are in- not allow vice districts in the cities creasing so rapidly that it will be of the southern islands. necessary to rent larger rooms and to build soon. Much Christian litera- What Another Statesman Say. ture is being bought from the Bible seller by the natives. It is said that JAPAN has been profoundly stirred the joy of some of these men when by the pronouncement of Count they receive the New Testament in Okuma, the great statesman of the Tibetan characters is almost pathetic "Sunrise Land," who, tho not himself to witness. a Christian, has paid this remarkable' tribute to Christianity; "Only by The people of Tibet have a very the coming of the West," he declares, beautiful custom. When the storm "in its missionary representatives rages and the snow is falling in large and by the spread of the Gospel, did flakes, the people in the border vill- the nation enter upon world-wide ages remember those in the interior thoughts and world-wide work. Chris- tian missionary work did not deepen

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the religious nature of the people, been a Christian six or seven years, but it gave a new ideal to which it has led over 100 women to Jesus. For might aspire, the life and character workers in the "Million Movement" of Jesus." A half century ago Japan small blank-books are provided. On publicly attacked any bold enough to the first page is written the name of profess Christ. The statement of some unconverted friend, and beneath Count Okuma shows the drift of an appropriate Scripture verse. The modern sentiment in the nation. The friend is exhorted and prayed for till mighty force enrolled under the ban- she becomes a Christian, then another ner of the cross numbers about 1,000 name is placed on the second page.- foreign missionaries, 2,000 native Missionary Outlock. preachers, over 600 organized churches, and 67,000 communicants. What Misaionaries Have Done Japan's Debt to America I T is only natural that the Koreans of the interior should think well oJ JAPAN owes to America the open- missionaries. Around Pyeng-yang, ing of the Island Empire to the for instance, the American missionworld; the influence for good upon aries, led by Dr. Moffett, have its political life; the pattern furnished transformed the community. They for her educational system; the aid have brought to the women a received in securing an international new life, and changed their outlook standing; and last, but not least, the from that of domestic drudges introduction of Christianity in 1859. into that of h€lpmeets and com- panions of the men. "My husband It is a remarkable fact that, while is treating me just like the Moksa skeptical travelers are reviling and ( teacher) treats his wife," is now the ridiculing the work of missions, the boast of more than one Korean wom- Japanese themselves bear loud testi- an. They have stimulated a desire in mony to the value of Christianity to the people for education. Where fortheir country. merly the sick rotted away from neg- lected ailments they can now procuH. Infidelity Increasing in Japan modern surgical treatment of the best kind. Further, the missionaries have A CORRESPONDENT in The lifted from the souls of the people the Chronicle of the London Mission- old haunting and terrifying fear of ary Society says that in reading the demons. The Koreans see what has report of the University of Tokyo he been done, and they are grateful for was astonished at the classification of it.-Spirit of Missions. its 5,000 students, according to religious views. There were 6 Confucianists, Sacrifice that Counts 60 Christians, 300 Buddhists, 1,000 atheists, and the remaining more than A KOREAN. lady of great wealth, 3,600 were agnostics. What a pitiful beautifully gowned in shining statement from the center of culture linen and soft silk, stopt her sedan in the new Japan. Only 300 true to chair outside a bookstore in An the old religion of ,the East, only 60 Dong. A friend stopt to speak Christians, and more than 4,600 either with her, and she said, "I have just infidels or agnostics. There ~an be been buying some books to take no doubt that the educated classes home with me to give away to my of Japan are sinking their heathenism unbelieving neighbors." "Where are for infidelity, and are losing their they?" I asked. "In the chair," was former interest in, and sympathy for, the reply. And one of the chair Christianity. coolies, with a very disgusted look upon his face, raised the chair cur- What One Woman Did tain, and behold! the chair was packed full of Mark's Gospel tracts CHRISTIANS in Korea are surely "Doers of the Word, and not hearers only." One woman who has

and hymn books! "But," I said, culties were great. Few cared "the chair is full; you can not get in." "That's no mqtter," she laughed, to listen to the preaching of the "it's only 30 Ii (IS miles), and I can walk." The chair coolies were bid- Gospel; parents were little inden to take up the chair, and they did so rather gruntingly, and the clined to send their children to the lady followed, walking with her woman servant, her face beaming missionary schools; and the chiefs with pleasure, and smiling "Goodbye." Only those who know what soon became openly hostile to the riding in a chair stands for among Korean women can app],"eciate the white man and his work. Attempts sacrifice in this story. "To leave the city of An Dong on foot when were made to get rid of the hated misshe might ride !" exclaimed a bystander. She was past fifty years sionary either by killing him or by of age. putting him out of the country. Yet, AFRICA the truth prevailed, and in 1897 the CENTRAL AFRICA first converts acknowledged the Lord African· Fields White Unto Harvest Jesus Christ in public baptism. Since T 8E missionaries of the C. M. S. in Central Africa are re- that time the work has been rapidly porting openings in the regions around Uganda, where the people extended westward into N. W. Rhoare actually begging for teachers. About 100 Christian Baganda are desia, and southward into Portuguese at present at work, but there are openings for twice the number. In Nyasaland. The D. R. Church of the the kingdom of Baganda is also lack of workers, and now the outside Orange Free State has become retribes are begging for teachers. The Belgian territory adjoining Baganda sponsible for Rhodesia, the D. R. has remained without teachers a long time, the Belgian Government refusing Church of the Transvaal for Portuto allow any to go. These tribes now beg the British missionaries for Ba- guese East Africa, while the D. R. ganda teachers with a European over them. But tho the places are wait- Church of the Cape Colony continues ing, there is no one to send. Truly, the harvest is great, pray ye therefore! to look after the work in British In Ndeje a monthly children's Nyasaland. meeting is attended by 400 to 500 children, who bring in castor-oil seeds, On November 18, 1910, special serwhich are sold by the missionaries. The money thus gained is sufficient to vices in commemoration of the compay the children's teacher. ing of age of the work were held in Ptogress in Nyassaland all the stations. The churches were THE Dutch Refonned Church of South Africa commenced mis- crowded to the uttermost, and the sionary work in Nyassaland 21 years ago. The first station was founded speakers praised God for the marvelat Mvera, 27 miles west of Domira Bay, on Lake Nyassa. The diffi- ous growth of the work during recent years. This growth is well shown by the following figures: 1903 1910 Communicants .. 606 2,709 Catechumen … . 1,325 5,864 Schools …….. . 105 400 Native Teachers. 579 1,376 Pupils ……… . 10,317 45,771 A Brave Nyuaa Christian A NATIVE helper of the Mbozi congregation of the Moravians in Nyassa, British Central Africa, re- cently aided the cause of Christ greatly by exploding an old supersti- tion, under the han of which his people had lived for ages. He dared to ascend the sacred hill where the ancestors of the chief, Maleme, lay buried. Certain death was supposed to come to any rash, disobedient per- son who climbed the hilI. To demon- strate the impotence of the spirits of the forefathers of the chief, the Christian passed all barriers and found the maize offered to the spirits

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

untouched in the sacred hut. Two most important, because it was set lively fowls, one black, the other apart for the discussion of Islam, its white, were scratching about con- progress, its danger, and the means tentedly, the sole living occupants of to be employed in the battle against it. the tabooed spot. Otherwise, nothing In the report of the discussion in this of interest was to be seen. When connection we find the statements that he returned to the habitations in while it is impossible to give exact safety, he created a sensation among figures concerning the progress of the inhabitants. This bold exposure Islam at the present time, none can of the worthlessness of the ghost- deny that its progress is tremendously cult may have a decided effect in de- rapid just now; that the propaganda stroying the power of this old super- in its behalf is chiefly carried on by stition. Arabs and Hindus who live on the coasts of Africa, but that a direct or- WEST AFRICA ganization of such propaganda can not be proved; that the chief power of Growth of the Church in West Africa this propaganda is in the contempt with which non-Mohammedans are T HE Church of England mission- treated and the hope for social and aries entered the African Contin- political gain by the converts; that the ent more than a century ago. Sierra problem before the missionaries is Leone was selected as the field, be- primarily religious, and that Christicause its liberated negroes represented anity must employ different methods over 100 West African tribes, speak- of propaganda than Islam and must ing a variety of languages. They use especially the preaching of the carried, as it had been hoped, the Gospel, the indoctrination of inquirers Gospel with them as they returned to and converts, the education of native their old homes. Thus, the work ex- workers, and the creation of apolotended to other parts of West Africa getic and missionary literature in the until there were 40 Church of Eng- language of the natives. Special emland stations, with about 20,000 ad- phasis was laid upon the necessity of herents after 80 years. The last 20 more aggressive and extensive work years saw a tremendous advance. in the cities on the coast as well as The 40 stations have become 300, and in the interior, which latter, the inthe 20,000 adherents have grown to terior, has been considered as of suover 50,000. The old idol worship preme importance in the present is despised, even by those who have crisis, so that the coast, whence the not been baptized, and a general propaganda originates, has been somemovement toward Christianity has what neglected. commenced. Progress in German East Africa EAST AFRICA T HE (German) Missionary So- Firat Missionary Conference in East ciety for German East Africa, in its report for I9IO, speaks of Africa the Lord's blessing and of the progress and strengthening of the work at T HE First Missionary Conference home and abroad. January I, I9II, for German East Africa was there were 12 stations and 39 outheld at Daressalam from August stations, with 14 missionaries and 12 13 to 19. Delegates represented layworkers, assisted by 72 native helpthe Leipsic Missionary Society (2), ers. The 62 missionary schools were the German East Africa Society (4), attended by 2,675 pupils, of whom the Berlin Society (5), the Moravians 2,227 were heathen. The number of (2), and the C. M. S. (I), while a native Christians is now 1,473, and large number of messages and letters 125 adults were baptized in 1910. The bore testimony to the great interest total income of the society was $56,- which was taken by missionaries and by friends of missions. A number of excellent papers were read and extensively discust. The second day was

573, of which amount $2,170 had been and the Paris Missionary Socontributed in Africa. ciety, have decided to found a Union Missionary Training and Bible School In Usambara the work has been for the training of native teachers in made a little more difficult by the Tananarivo. It is hoped that its puprogress of European culture, but the pils will receive a training which will missionary schools are more crowded not be inferior to that given the puthan ever before, and the Christian pils of the school supported by the congregations are growing in number Government, and that the gathering and in spirituality. Islam is becom- of the future Protestant teachers in ing more and more aggressive, so that one school and in one representative the missionaries in the Bunguland body will strengthen their faith and were forced to speak against it in a increase their usefulness. Hitherto public mass-meeting. The addresses of many difficulties have been caused by the missionaries led to a vote of con- the exclusion of the pupils of Protfidence in them and in their work by estant schools from the secondary the heathen, and the public services Government schools in Madagascar. were crowded during the next months, up to the time when the report closed. Training School for Native Christians In Ruanda the king and his coun- T HE London Missionary Society selors continue to be unfavorable to has established a training school Christianity, so that it has not been at Tiger Klooft which promises to possible to approach, much less to do for the natives of South Africa gain, one of the higher classes. But, what Tuskegee is doing for the Afas in the days of Christ, the common ricans of our Southern States. Its people hear the Gospel gladly, and al- founder is the Rev. W. C. Willoughready seventeen inquirers are prepar- by, who for several years was pastor ing for baptism, tho it is but few of King Khama. He had noted that years since the missionaries entered of several hundred admitted to the the country. Among the 141 pupils Church none had been converted unin the four missionary schools in der his own preaching, but instead Ruanda were forty-eight girls, an under that of native preaching. So amazingly large percentage for a he decided to make it his business to young work, and the number of pupils train up such 'a force. It has also was almost fourfold that of the pre- workshops in which natives are ceding year (thirty-six). taught various trades.

East African Notes The Black Giant Arouled AT Ngora in Eastern Province of I F the heathen are beginning to rub Uganda, industrial work is a pa- their eyes, what shall be said of the tent factor of mission work carried on native progressives-the educated chilby the London Church Missionary So- dren and grandchildren of the first ciety. Its school includes a black- natives to break away from the old smith shop, an 8-acre cotton field, tribal life! There have been some stirand lo-acre potato field~ The British ring events the past three months, and Government recently gave the school the natives have given the whites a 200 acres of land on condition that it rude shock. In January there met in teach agriculture. Bloemfontein chiefs and delegates from all principal tribes south of the SOUTH AFRICA Zambesi. There they organized the Native National Congress of South A Union Bible School in Madagascar Africa. The purpose of this body is to advance the political and economic FOUR of the eight missionary so- interests of the native races. The cieties whose representatives are leaders fully realize that tribal divipreaching the Gospel to the heathen sions and feuds have been the undoing in Madagascar, namely, the S. P. G., the L. M. S., the English Friends,

I2 J WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

of the natives in the past. One of the victims naked into the river-the head first objects of the congress is to pro- alone being out of the water-that mote unity among the various tribes, the flesh may become more tender. speaking five or six principal lan- Pere Allaire alleges that he has seen guages. They believe that if the 5,- among the Zolos slave markets where 000,000 blacks stand together and purchasers indicate with chalk the speak with one voice, the 1,000,000 parts or cuts which they wish. whites who now rule the land will sooner or later be obliged to give heed. A Not Clothes, But Tattoo The organizer of this congress is a MISSIONARY heard the folyoung Zulu attorney, a graduate of lowing prayer repeated by Columbia and Oxford. Its president Christian South Sea Islanders at the is Mr. J. L. Dube, another Zulu known close of a service: "Grant, 0 Lord, to many in America. that the good words to which we have listened be not like unto the beautiful A New Pygmy Race Discovered Sunday clothes, which we lay aside speedily and put away till the Lord's DETAILS of the discovery, by day comes again. But let these British explorers, of a new truths be like the tattoo marks upon pygmy race in New Guinea are our bodies, which can not be removed creating a sensation among anthrop- while we are alive." ologists. The names best known in connection with this expedition, our How the Gospel Transforms contemporary informs us, are those of Captain C. G. Rawling, Doctor A Missionary writes from Burma: Eric Marshall, of the Shackleton ex- The chief interest of this New pedition, and Doctor A. F. W ollas- Year's service was the address in ton, of the British Museum. different tongues. I will mention only one, part of which was in English. Captain Rawling was making a The speaker was the Rev. Ba Te, a short trip into the mountains, and Karen, about forty years old. He was while proceeding with his Papuans a lawyer, a dozen years ago in Ranthe leading man dashed ahead. After goon, with a good income. He gave a long chase through the jungle, up his profession and went as a mistwo hillmen were caught, dreadfully sionary to Kantung, on the border befrightened. Captain Rawling offered them a cigaret, but nothing would in- tween Burma and China, at 50 rupees duce them to smoke it. They were naked, except for a grass helmet, a a month. Within the last ten years bag and a tiny strip around the waist. the Christian converts there have They were 4 feet 3 inches and 4 feet come to number 10,000. Mr. Te told 6 inches in height respectively, dwarfs his story eloquently, modestly, making in fact. it appear that the great work was be- ing done by the converts themselves. THE OCEAN WORLD I learned after the meeting that many of the people had banded together as Cannibalism Still Abounding a society pledged to use no intoxicat- ing drinks and to try to do right as far T HE July number of the Revue as they knew, until God should come des Deux M andes relates the ex- and show them a better way. They periences of a missionary priest on bound cotton cords around their the Oubangi, in French Kongo. Can- heads and wrists, agreeing to nibalism of the grossest type abounds. wear them until the divine mes- Human flesh is for sale in the butch- sage should come. When Mr. Te ers' shops and "we have been offered came amon~ them, preaching the goswithout embarrassment a leg or a pel, they said that God had sent him thigh for ten or fifteen saus." This to tell them what they had been waitflesh is usually eaten raw. It is the ing long to hear. They cut the cords custom among the Bonjos to break from brow and wrist and profest arms and legs and thrust the living

themselves disciples of Jesus Christ. instrumental in extending the Indian But the greatest romance of missions episcopate. At Bishop Milman's is not in stories that can be written in death there were only the three Presiwords. It is recorded in the faces of dency Bishoprics and that of Cosuch assemblies as I looked on last lombo in the Province. The vear New Year's morning-strong, fine of Bishop Johnson's arrival in India faces of young men, womanly faces, saw the Lahore and Rangoon bishopin marked distinction from the multi- rics created, and when he resigned in tude of their kind that throng the 1897 there were ten bishops. Bishop streets. True, it was a motley assem- Johnson did much in other respects bly, but it blended into a noble, com- also to promote the organization of posite picture as they sang together in the Indian Church. confident tones, "Jesus shall reign where'ere the sun," and closed with Rev. Thomas Walker the doxology, each in his own tongue, but all in harmony, praising the won- I N the death of Rev. Thomas derful works of God. Walker, of Tinnevelly, the Church Missionary Society and the Indian All One in Christ Jesus Church at large lose one of the ablest and most sympathetic mission- I Nane of the smaller churches in aries in India. He commenced work Hawaii the membership consists as a missionary in Tinnevlly in r885 of 10 Japanese, 9 Hawaiians, 9 and soon acquired such scholarly Americans, r German, r r American mastery of Tamil, under the guidance Hawaiians and 9 Chinese Hawaiians. of the noted Tamil scholar, Bishop On a recent occasion a pastor (who Sargent, that he quickly became a speaks thrice a Sunday), addrest most fluent speaker and writer of that 30 Hawaiians, to a mixed audience difficult tongue. For many years past of Japanese and Portuguese, and he spent not a little of his time in again to a collection of Chinese boys holding conventions for the deepenand girls. Splendid results ensue in ing of the spiritual life, and he be- Christian fellowship. All are one m came one of the most influential and Christ Jesus. best beloved speakers at great gather- ings of Indian Christians and Mis- School Work in Malaysia sionaries. He took a deep interest in the spiritual affairs of the Re- In Malaysia we have a chain of formed Syrian Church and conducted Anglo-Chinese schools in which about annual conferences in Travancore for 4,clOO boys and young men are en- the members of that Church by invirolled. These schools are entirelv tation of its Metran. He was holdself-supporting, not a cent of mi~­ ing such a convention at Masulipatam sionary money being spent on them when cholera seized him. The illness either in the plant or salaries. Of the school at Singapore William T. Ellis proved fatal and he died on August wrote recently: "The notable Anglo- 24, mourned by multitudes through- Chinese school of the Methodists in out the Indian Empire. Singapore and the work that centers in Oldham Hall are doubtless the A Swedish Worker Gone most important single educational facts in the settlement of Chinese in JOSEPH HOLMGREN departed Malaysia." . this life on July 29, I912, in Warm- land, Sweden. Since 1890 he had OBITUARY NOTES been secretary of the Swedish Mission in China (Svenska Missianen i Kina) Bishop Edward Ralph Johnson and editor of the missionary magazine The Land af Sinim. Thoroughly THE death of Bishop Edward consecrated, filled with great zeal, and Ralph Johnson occurred on Sep- well instructed, he accomplished much tember I I. He succeeded Bishop for the cause of the Master by his Milman in r876 and was very largely writings and by his addresses. AND MISSION LANDS THE LIFE OR LEGEND OF GAUDAMA. The that men can produce in contrast to that which is divine in authority and Buddha of the Burmese. By Rt. Rev. power.

P. Bigandet. 2 vols. 267 and 326 pp. THE PROGRESS AND ARREST OF ISLAM IN 8vo. $4.00, net. Triibner's Oriental SUMATRA. By Gottfried Simon. Bvo. Series. Imported by E. P. Dutton & 328 pp. 6s., net. Marshall Bros., Lon- don, 1912. Co., New York, 1911. The last state of the heathen that This work was first printed in becomes a Mohammedan is worse than the first. In the Dutch East Indies Burma, over fifty years ago. It is a the Christian missionary comes into contact with raw heathen, with Moscareful investigation and account of lem Hadjis, and with heathen Mo- hammedans, and the last are more dethe story of Gaudama, or Buddha, graded and hopeless than either of the other two. But in Sumatra, Java, and whose followers number to-day over Borneo there has been done a remark- able work by Christian missionaries 300,000,000 in Burma, Ceylon, Tibet, for the conversion of Moslems, and the story is full of encouragement. China, Korea, and Japan. A third edi- Mr. Simon, who has had eleven tion of the work of a Burmese trans- years' experience as a missionary in Sumatra, has given us a remarkably lator is here published with copious interesting and illuminating book. The English translation is also excellent. and informing annotations. In spite The author first shows why so many of the Dutch East Indies have turned of these notes a glossary is needed. to Islam. There are no Moslem mis- sionaries, properly so called, working "For seven thingies of worlds," says among them, but the traders and of- ficials make it to the interests of the the translator, "he who was to be- native to become followers of the "False Prophet." The sensualism and come the Buddha felt, during that im- superstition of Islam make their ap- peal and the arrogant behavior of mense number of revolutions of na- Moslems toward the heathen leads to a desire for self-betterment. ture, a thought for the Buddhaship In the second section of the volume awakening in his soul. He Mr. Simon unveils the real moral and religious state of the pagans who have began to understand that the practise turned Moslem. He shows the con- fusion of religious ideas that follow of virtues of the highest order was an animist's adoption of the doctrines of Islam and the moral degradation requisite to enable him to attain the that comes to woman. In Sumatra and Java, prostitution is as common glorious object of his ardent wishes, among Moslems as is polygamy, and in some villages the loose customs as and no less than 125,000 Buddhas ap- to marriage and divorce have brought peared during that space of time.

The period of asking openly for the Buddhaship lasted nine thingies of worlds. It was brightened and illus- trated by the successive manifestations of 987,000 Buddhas."

The story, in which there may be a kernel of fact, goes on to describe, in a legendary way, the birth of Thoo- daudana, his marriage, and the won- ders attending the conception and birth of Phralaong-who became a Buddha, called Gaudama.

There is a mixture of beauty and of grotesqueness in the story that is in tremendous contrast to the sim- plicity of the story of the coming of Christ into the world. There is also a mixture of truth and falsehood, of good and evil, in the ideals of Bud- dhism, which, when compared with Christianity, reveals the best religion about promiscuous relations that are ARTHUR T. PIERSON. A Biography by his more disgusting than rank heathen- son, Delavan L. Pierson. Illustrated. ism. 8vo. 334 pp. $1.50, net, and 6s., net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. A third division of the book takes James Nesbet & Co., London, 1912. up the conversion of Malaysian Moslems to Christianity. This work is One can not read the story of this most urgent and most encouraging in life, devoted to the service of God, its results-the largest in missions to without being inspired with new con- Mohammedans. We should not speak fidence in the faithfulness of God and of the hopelessness of converting Mos- the truth of His Word. lems until we have more seriously tried it. Read this inspiring volume, pray The boyhood days, the college exto God, and take courage. periences, the early pastorates, and even apparently trivial circumstances, THE :!VI0SLEM CHRIST. By Samuel M. all prepared the way for the world- Zwemer, D.D., F.R.G.S. Illustrated. wide service to which Dr. Pierson 12mo. 198 pp. 35., 6d., net. Oliphant, was called. The book contains dra- Anderson & Ferrier, Edinburgh, 1912. matic incidents, many inspiring pass- ages, some characteristic humor, and Dr. Zwemer has an unusual grasp for pastors and Christian workers of the Mohammedan history, religion, hints that are invaluable. We reserve and character. In his present volume a fuller notice of the book to our he gives a unique essay on the Mos- January number. lem teachings concerning Christ according to the Koran and tradition. DR. PIERSON AND HIS MESSAGE. By J. He shows that while Mohammedans Kennedy MacLean. 8vo. 280 pp. $1.00. believe in Christ as a true prophet, The Association Press, New York, they deny his deity, his atonement, and 1911. his supremacy. A study of the Moslem view of Christ is helpful to all Mr. MacLean has given us a very Christians, and is extremely important sympathetic and interesting sketch of to those who are working for the con- Dr. Pierson's British ministries. Withversion of Mohammedans. Dr. Zwe- out the records or private correspondmer is always interesting, even on an ence to draw from, he had, nevertheapparently technical topic. less, made a volume which has a value of its own. The London Tabernacle OGTLINES OF MISSIONARY HISTORY. By Rev. and Keswick ministries are especially A. DeWitt Mason, D.D. 8vo. 338 pp. emphasized. The larger part of the $1.50, net. George H. Doran & Co., volume is devoted to some of Dr. Pier- New York, 1912. son's characteristic sermons-biblical, practical, and spiritual. There is, perhaps, nothing new or unique about this summary of mission- JUST BEFORE THE DAWN. Life and Work ary history, but it is a good, concise of Ninomiya Sontoku. By R. C. Armaccount of the progress of missions strong. Illustrated. 8vo. 273 PP. from apostolic days up to the present $1.50, net. The Macmillan Co., New time. After five introductory chapters, the author, who is editor of the Chris- York, 1912. tian Intelligencer of the Re{ormed Church, gives a summary of mission- Japan is a nation whose ideals and ary progtess in each of the .principal development are worthy of study. countries of the world, including What was Japan before the missionary North and South America. The view arrived and before the age of enlightis encouraging. He also inserts a enment dawned? This is what Mr. valuable missionary chronology, statis- Armstrong reveals. It is, perhaps, oi tical tables, list of authorities, and an interest to the student of history, index. The volume is rather a careful ethics. and ethnology more than to the compilation than a work of first-hand student of missions, but the light upon know ledge. Japanese character is both entertaining and valuable.

The main part of the book centers are>und the life of Ninomiya Sontoku -a man who was born in 1787 and religious fanaticism, but the need for who died in 1856. He was a reformer missions is great, and there are results who did much to help in the moral that bring joy to the seed-sowers.

and physical betterment of the J apa- THE BLACK-BEARDED BARBARIAN. By nese villages. The book is well worth Marian Keith. 12mo. 307 pp. SOc., reading. cloth; 3Sc., paper, net. Missionary Edu- FETISH FOLK OF WEST AFRICA. Robert H. cation :Movement, New York, 1912.

Milligan. Illustrated. 8vo. 328 pp. The story of the Canadian mission- $1.50. net. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1912. ary, Dr. George Leslie Mackay, is full of romance and adventure. His life "The Jungle Folk of Africa" was among the Chinese and the savages in a marked success. This companion Formosa reminds us of that of John volume is on the same line. It nar- G. Paton in the New Hebrides. rates in popular style the observations and experiences of a missionary in the The present volume is rewritten Kamerun country. The book abounds from Dr. Mackay's own book, "From in anecdote and incident and interest- Far Formosa," and is remarkably ening facts. The humanity of the people tertaining and stimulating. The misis revealed, and the degradation that sionary began his work as a despised results from their fetish worship. The barbarian, hooted at and stoned as he crying need of Christian missions is passed throngh the streets. Some narevident, also the worthwhileness of the row escapes from death read like mirwork that is being done. acles of God's providence. But Mackay persevered, and when he died, after MOROCCO AFTER TWENTY-FIVE YEARS. By over thirty years of work, he left 4,000 Dr. Robert Kerr. Illustrated. 8vo. converts, a college, theological semi- lOs., 6d. Murray & Evenden, London, nary, and four organized churches. 1912. The story of the B. B. B. reads like a novel, and contains no dates, and few Morocco is an interesting country in evidences of its historical character. spite of-perhaps partly because of– its semi-barbarism. The Moor still holds sway, with French influence pre- TWENTY YEARS A KOREAN MISSIONARY. By dominating in international commerce Juan Perry. Paper, 6d., net. S. W.

and politics. Physically, morally, and Partridge, London, 1912.

religiously, the conditions are rotten, Miss Perry gives some fine glimpses and it was for this reason that Dr. of her work in Korea-encouraging Robert Kerr went out to the country work among the women and children. 25 years ago to heal diseases and to The changes are described with some preach the Gospel. He was first sent of the marked movements in which out in r886 by the Jewish Committee she iJas had a part.

of the English Presbyterian Church, PAMPHLETS but later became the head of the independent society-the Central Morocco THE CHURCH OF ROME IN AMERICAN POLI- Mission. . TICS. SC. The Menacee Publishing Co., Auburn, Mo. Life for a Protestant missionary is THE ROMAN CATHOLIC MASS AND THE not easy in Morocco, and Dr. Kerr BIBLE. By Charles C. Cook, New York.

seems to' have suffered from fanatical These two leaflets are chiefly valu- Moslems and from interfering consuls able to those who do not know the and other diplomats. He tells his errors of the Church of Rome and are story in a very interesting anecdotal willing to learn. The difficulty is that fashion, and gives us much valuable many who should know will not read information as to the country and them.

people. His narrative also contains PROCEEDINGS, OF THE FOURTH ANNUAL MEDIsome excellent incidents and touches CAL MISSIONARY CONFERENCE. Battle of humor. Creek, Mich., January, 1912.

The missionary work has met with This conference is becoming more little outward success because of the popular and more important. The re-

port contains excellent papers and ad- A FIGHT FOR A LIFE. The Story of a West African Convert and His Friends. By dresses presented by Dr. Davis, of Frances M. Hensley. With preface by the Rt. Rev. Herbert Tugwell, D.D. China; Dr. W. H. Riley, Dr. J. H. Illustrated. 12mo. 207 pp. Church Missionary Society, London, 1912. Ingram, of North China; Wilfred M. AN ENGLISHWOMAN'S TWENTY-FIVE YEARS Post, M.D., of Syria, and others. IN TROPICAL AFRICA. Being the Biog- . NEW BOOKS raphy of Gwen Elen Lewis, Mission- ary to the Cameroons and the Kongo. MESSAGES OF THE MEN AND RELIGION MOVE- By George Hawker. Illustrated. 65. 12mo, 352 pp. Hodder & Stoughton, MENT. 7 vols. 12mo. $4.00, per set. New York and London, 1912. Association Press, 124 East 28th Street, DAWN IN DARKEST AFRICA. By John H. Harris, F.R.G.S. With an Introduction New York City. by the Rt. Hon. the Earl of Cromer. ARTHUR T. PIERSON. A Biography. By Illustrated. 8vo. lOs., 6d., net. Smith, Elder & Co., London, 1912. his son, Delavan L. Pierson. Illus- THE RENAISSANCE IN INDIA: ITs MISSION- trated. 8vo. 334 pp. $1.50, tlet. Flem- ARY AS·PECT. By the Rev. C. F. An- ing H. Revell Co., New York. 6s., tlet. drews. 319 pp. Cloth, 2s., net j paper, James Nesbit & Co., London, 1912. Is., 6d., net. S. P. G. House, London, A MODERN PIONEER IN KOREA. THE LIFE STORY OF HENRY G. ApPENZELLER. By 1912. KABI CHARAN BANURJI, Brahman, Chris- William Elliot Griffis, D.D., L.H.D. Il- lustrated. 12mo. 298 pp. $1.25, net. tian, Saint. By B. R. Barber. With a Preface by Sir Andrew Fraser. 73 pp. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, 4 annas. Christian Literature Society, 1912. SUN Y AT SEN AND THE AWAKENING OF India, 1912. CHINA. By James Cantlie and C. LIFE AND LABORS OF BISHOP HARE, ApOSTLE Sheridan Jones. Illustrated. 12mo. TO THE SIOUX. By M. A. D. Howe. 417 252 pp. $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell pp. $2.50, net. Sturgis & Walton, New Co., New York. Jarrold & Sons, Lon- don, 1912. York, 1912. THE LIFE OF DR. ARTHUR JACKSON, OF MAN- THE DRY DOCK OF A THOUSAND WRECKS. CHURIA. By the Rev. Alfred J. Costain, M.A. With a preface by the Rev. Wil- By Philip I. Roberts. With an Intro- liam Watson, M.A. Second Edition. duction by John Henry Jowett, D.D. Frontispiece. 12mo. 2s., net. 182 pp. Illustrated. 12mo. 212 pp. $1.00, net. Hodder & Stoughton, New York and Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, London, 1912. A CHINESE ST. FRANCIS; OR, THE LIFE 1912. STORY OF BROTHER MAO. By C. Campbell ENGLISH FOR COMING AMERICANS. A Ra- Brown. 2s., 6d., net. Hodder & Stough- ton, New York and London. tional System for Teaching English to ISLAM LANDS. Nubia, the Sudan, Tunisia, Foreigners. By Peter Roberts, Ph.D. and Algeria. By Michael Myers Shoe- 12mo. 82 pp. Association Press, 124 maker. Illustrated. 12mo. 251 pp. East 28th Street, New York, 1912. $2.50, net. . G. P. Putnam's Sons, New BRITISH, FRENCH, AND DUTCH GUIANA. By James Rodway. 318 pp. Illustrated. York, 1912. lOs., 6d., net. Fisher Unwin, London, THE SOUL OF A TURK. By Victoria de 1912. Bunsen. 8vo. 302 pp. Illustrated. lOs., MISSIONS: THEIR RISE AND DEVELOPMENT. 6d., net. John Lane & Co., New York and London, 1912. By Louise Creighton. 16mo. 256 pp. JAVA, SUMATRA, AND THE OTHER ISLANDS OF SOc., net. Holt & Co., New York, 1912. THE DUTCH EAST INDIES. By A. Cabaton. THE CALL OF THE WORLD; OR, EVERY MAN'S 12mo. 376 pp. lOs., 6d. T. Fisher SUPREME OPPORTUNITY. By W. E. Unwin, London, 1911. Doughty. 16mo. 111 pp. Laymen's THE FETISH FOLK OF WEST AFRICA. By Robert H. Milligan. Illustrated. 8vo. Missionary Movement, N ew York, 1912. 328 pp. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell CAN THE WORLD BE WON FOR CHRIST? By Co., New York, 1912. PYGMIES AND P APUANS: THE STONE AGE the Rev. Norman Maclean. 12mo. 192 TO-DAY IN DUTCH NEW GUINEA. By A. pp. $1.25, net. George H. Doran Co., F. R. Wolaston. Illustrated. 352 pp. New York, 1912. ISs.. net. Smith, Elder & Co., London, CHINA AND THE GOSPEL. An Illustrated Re- 1912. SOME ZULU CUSTOMS AND FOLK-LORE. By port of the China Inland Mission, 1912. L. H. Samuelson. 83 pp. 3s., tlet. 12mo. 186 pp. China Inland Mission, Church Printing Co., London, 1912. London and Philadelphia, 1912. NINETY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE THE OUTCASTS' HOPE. By the Rev. G. E. AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY. 1912. Together Phillips. Tllustrated. Is.. net. C. M. S., with a List of Auxiliary Societies, Their Officers, and an Appendix. 8vo. London, Salisbury Square, E. c., 1912. 556 pp. American Bible Society, New York, 1912.

The Missionary Review of the World — September 1896

SAN.JU·SANGENDO. KIOTO ••JAPAN

TF,MPr.;J<: OF 3:3,30'30'3 IMAGES OF THE GOJ>DF.l"'l'o OF MF.RCy-KWASNOK.

j / MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.

VOL. XIX. No. 9.-0ld Beries.-SEPTEMBER.-VoL. IX. No. 9.-Ne!IJ Series.

CHRISTIAN MISSIONS, THE PECULIAR ENTERPRISE OF GOD.

BY THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF.

Every scheme bears the impress of its origin, its originator, and is often known historically by its connection with its founder, taking its name from him. The enterprises of man have been innumerable j their name is Legion. Some of them have been as transient and Qvanescent as the path of a comet across the sky j others have lived for a few years, and then lost their hold upon human I'lympathy and support, while a few yet live and thrive and command cooperation. But of all human plans and schemes, the one fatal defect is, they are human; they have no authority beyond their inherent worth, no recommendation beyond their expediency, and no vindication but their success. Their right of continuance is found in their obvious results. The one questfon with regard to each is utility: does this pay ~ And, being human, they are subject, like all else that is earth-born, to modification, if not abolition. It is ,a question of evolution toward perfection and survival of the fittest, and men do not hesitate t.o alter and amend, to reform and remodel, whatever mau has projected and originated. What man has invented man may improve.

There is just one enterprise that originated solely with God. From beginning to end it is His sr.heme. It was formed in His own purpose, and is to be carried on in His own way, under His instructions, and for His glory. No man knew the mind of the Lord, or being His counsellor taught him, or even had part in his original councils on this matter. God perfected the plan and then simply revealed it, and invited or enjoined believing disciples to take part in it as a Divine enterprise. Hence its authority is unique, the authority of an imperial command j its recommendation is found, not in its obvious expediency but in its majestic authorship and leadership j and its vindication is not dependent simply upon its apparent success. It is not a question of utility, measured by man's standards j and to ask, "Does this pay?" is irrcverent and impertinent. This one Divine enterprise is missions-bearing the Gospel to a lost race.

CHRISTIAN MISSIONS, THE PECULIAR ENTERPRISE OF GOD

Behind this scheme lie the sevenfold attributes of God. Being Divine, not human, it has no fallible elements in it, and so admits no improve- ment. To modify it essentially is audacity; to abandon it is apostasy.

Omniscience assures to it God's wisdom; omnipotence backs it up with almighty power. In it are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowl- edge; it is the expression of God's love and grace to man. It cannot ultimately fail, notwithstanding man's unbelief, disobedience, and disloy- alty. If God's instruments prove useless and worthless, He will fashion others, but His eternal purpose will surely work out its final issue to the shame and ruin of all opposers and idlers. , This view of missions is too seldom presented before us, even by the advocates of a world's evangelization. Christian missions are talked of and written about, as tho, like a thousand other philanthropic schemes, they had their author and authority in man, depended on man for their very continuance, and were subject to man's modification, or even aboli- tion, as imperfect, or no longer needful or useful. Hence the disposition of this utilitarian age to weigh missionary effort in the scales of human policy, with money and human life and labor on one side, and converts and so-called" results" on the other, and then estimate how far the outlay is justified! As tho God had ever annulled His command or asked man to sit in jndgment on the expediency of His plans, or had committed to any human court or commission the right to modify an enterprise which He has originated!

Who cannot see that there is an enormous gulf of separation between the wisest and best of man's devices and this one and only Divine enter- prise revealed to man ~ The whole system of human philanthropy is neces- sarily and eS$entially defective. The Sunday.school, the Young Men's Christian Association, the Young People'S Society of Christian Endeavor, Bible societies and tract societies, hospitals and asylums, charitable organi- zations, schools and colleges, are inventions of man, more or less wise and successful, but having behind them no Divine command or authority, and no divine warrant for continuance. Hence, the right to change their methods or displace them altogether if their mission seems fulfilled. But with Christian Missions it remains true to the end of the age, that to them nothing is to be added, from them nothing to be subtracted, for God is their sole Author, and He knows His own mind. He who meddles with the plans of God insults Him; he who wars against them flings himself upon the bosses of Jehovah's buckler.

How true it is that missions to the lost originated solely in God may he seen in the faet of man's apathy and lethargy, and even resistance, in falling into God's plan as a coworker. For thousands of years the Jew had no real conception of such a world-wide plan. The Old Testament is full of prophetic hints of It salvation for the race. From that first Mes- sianic promise, that the seed of the woman was to bruise the serpent's head, there is a gradual unfolding of God's purpose to provide a salvation suillcient for the ills of the whole race of Adam, and of which the whole race is destined ultimately to hear. Abraham was assured that in his seed all the families of the earth should be blessed. The chosen people of God were plainly taught that they were set as a light to the nations, for salvation to the ends of the earth. But the vast bulk of the chosen nation shut out, frolT' all effort and even sympathy, the outside world, and had no dealings with the Samaritans. Here and t,here one like David breathed a prayer that the whole earth might be filled with God's glory. But even after Christ Himself both taught and exemplified the principle of missions; after He gave His farewell message bidding His disciples bear witness to the uttermost parts of the earth, and sent the Holy Spirit to anoint them for such witness, and, as the Invisible Captain of the Lord's host, guide them in the forward march, they still clung to Jerusalem, following the old policy of centralization instead of the new law of evangelization, and exclusion instead of diffusion, and compelling God to use the scourge of persecution to drive them toward the uttermost parts of the earth. Even then they scattered only a few miles from the sacred city, -into Samaria and as far as Antioch just beyond Galilee, and almost all their witness was confined to Jews. Peter had to have caste prejudices broken down by the vision, thrice repeated on the housetop, before he was ready to bear the good tidings to Romans, though they were actually seeking salvation; and, even after the Pentecost at Cesarea, where it was plainly shown that God also to the Gentiles had granted repentance unto life, the Spirit was compelled by an audihle voice to call and separate and send forth Barnabas and Paul, before tIle first foreign missionaries ever went to the regions beyond. Thus man not only did not devise this scheme of missions, but even in apostolic days was slow to accept it and enter into it, as God's enterprise backed by God's authoritative call and command.

The thought we are seeking to impress is that, from the very conception and inception of Christian missions, there is upon this scheme of a world's evangelization one distinguishing mark-God's patent ri,qht. This enterprise is communicated to man as something matured in the mind of God, and committed to the body of disciples, t,o carry ouf, as His servants. Whatever hints are given as to the philosophy of Christian missions, there is no attempt to exhibit their philosophy as tho their prosecution were in any measure to hang or hinge upon our recognition and reception of the argument in their vindication. Only He who spans the eterni. ties and measures the infinities IS competent to weigh their true value or estimate their real r.:-sults. What do we know of the value of a soul, of the importance of a knowledge of the truth and love of God, or even of the necessity to the Church at home of having this work of witnessing to the world laid upon her as a condition of fellowship with Christ!

Let us hold our mind fixedly to the consideration of this great thought, that this is the one work of God, and that this constitutes the unanswerable argument for the prompt. energetic, incessant, devout, and consecrated endeavor to carry the Gospel tidings to the uttermost parts of the earth and to every creature! Imagine a committee of Noah's generation undertaking to decide upon the expediency of continuing to build the ark, and preach righteousness to an unbelieving race! A hundred years had gone, and the builder still went on with his work, and the preacher stilI went on with his message of warning, altho the boat he was building a~d the threat he was uttering seemed alike signs of a disordered mind. He was met by mockery and antagonism only, and in a hundred years had not won a single convert! How many reports, unfavorable to the continuance of his work, would have been submitted before that man of God would have abandoned a mission committed to him by God's own command!

Note how God Himself emphaRizes the fact that Christian missions must be recognized as a Divine scheme! "Known unto God are ALL HIS WORKS from the beginning of the world" (Acts 15 : 18). Here are seven words in the Greek: iteyev IWpto'; 7rOtWV TaVTa YVW(1Ta a7T' alWVO~. This is probably the most pregnant saying concerning missions to be found in the whole Word of God. It asserts in effect that the command to preach the Gospel to every creature emanates from Him who is working out in this great enterprise the plans known to Him from the beginning.

It is a New Testament quotation and application of the thought rather than the language. found in Isa. 46 : 9-11, which is in the Old Testament a sort of keynote of missions. The prophet had been comparing and contrasting .Jehovah and the false gods, takiug Bel and Nebo, the chief deities of Babylon and Moab, as representatives of idol worship. Speaking in God's name, he challenges men to eonsider the infinite contrast between Jehovah Himself and all these pretenders to Divine honors, and in graphie language. sharp with irony, presents in a fourfold form the absurdity of idolatry: 1. The idol gods are made by men, the worshiper being the maker of his god.

2. The idol gods are borne by men, the worshiper earrying the god he worships.

3. The idol gods are 8peechle.~8 and helpless, the worshiper finding in them neither hearing ear nor helping hand.

4. The idol gods are motionless, standing where they are placed and unable to stir or move, even tho the worshiper needs deliverance.

In contrast to all this well may Jehovah say: " I am God, and none else! God, and none like Me !

Declaring from the beginning. the end. And from ancient times what are not accomplished.

Saying: My counsel shall stand And all My pleasure will I do.

Calling from the east an eagle. From a far country the man of My counsel. Yea, I have spoken, I will also execute ; I have purposed, I will also perform. II Here is a short, majestic, sublime poem. It presents Jehovah as beyond comparison. He purposes from eternity; and from the beginning of the ages forecasts and foretells the end, mysteriously predicting events absolutely without any precedent, not only unaccomplished as yet, but, humanly speaking, impossible of accomplishment. And yet the immutable, inscrntable God, with whom nothing is impossible, confidently says, "My counsel shall stand firm, and all human counsel cannot overthrow it, and all My pleasure shall issue in performance." Jehovah hints that He will not only do incredible things, but will use strange instruments, as when lie calls from the East Cyrus, whose emblem and ensign was the golden eagle, whom He girded for his work when as yet he knew Him not. And so, from the very beginning of the world age, all God's works have been clearly and closely planned in His mind, and man cannot bring them to nought. Even opposers shall be made unconsciously cooperators, and prove themselves raised up, like Pharaoh, that God might in them show forth His power and by them execnte His plIJasure. While heathen gods are helpless and cannot help, silent and cam,ot speak, motionless and camiot come to the rescue, and have to be carried by their blind votaries, God will hear and help, and bear His people as in His own arms and on His own bosom.

The better rendering of the text probably is, "Saith the Lord, doing all things known from the age." But the great fundamental thought is essentially unmistakable.

This verse, as used in the fifteenth chapter of the Acts, concludes a series of emphatic statements intended to present GOD before us as the one and only actor or agent in missions, all other seeming agencies being but instruments. In no one passage of Scripture is the DIVINE FACTOR made so prominent, and in so repeated forms. In chapter 13 : 1-4 we have the birth-hour of missions, and the Holy Spirit is the one foremost personage in the transaction.

.. The Holy Ghost said, Separate Me Barnabas and Paul, For the work whereunto I have called them.

So they, being sent forth by the Holy Ghost, departed. II From this point on, the one great Divine power and presence are continually before us, and even Paul and Barnabas seem insignificant, like stars that fade in the sun's presence. It is the Word of God which is spoken. The hand of the Lord is upon Elymas, the sorcerer, in his blindness, and the doctrine of the Lord astonishes the deputy, Sergius Paulus. It is the grace of God in which r,aul and Barnabas persuade converts to continue. It is the command of the Lord which is urged as the basis of missions; it is the decree of God which is fulfilled in believing Ilouls j it is the Spirit of the Lord which fiUs and fires the witnesses; it is the Lord Himself who gives testimony to His word and grants signs and wonders to be done by their hands.

When Barnabas and Paul return to Antioch from their first tour of missions, observe the uniform humility with which every result reached is ascribed to God, as they bore witness from Antioch to Jerusalem.

1. Thfly rehearsed all that God had done with them. 2. And how He had opened tlte door offaith unto the Gentiles. 3. They declared all that God had, done with them. 4. Peter said: " God made choice among us that the Gentiles by my mouth should heal' the word of the Gospel and believe." 5. God bare them witness, giving them the Holy Ghost even as unto us; and put no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith. 6. Paul and Barnabas declared what miracles and wonders God had wrought among the Gentiles by thcm (15 : 12). 7. Simon Peter declared how God at first did visit tile Gentiles to take out of them a people for His name. 8. After this I will 1'eturn and will build again the Tabernacle of David, and I will build again the ruins thereof, and I will set it up. 9. That the residue of Adam (see Amos 9 : 11, 12, correct reading) might seek the Lord and all the Gentiles upon wlwm my name is called. 10. And now hear the grand finale, the conclusion of all : " Tllus saith the Lord, wllo doeth all these tllings known unto Him f1'om the age." No man can attentively read such a passage of Scripture as this without seeing that here is a work in which it is not man and God, or even God and man, but God, and not man, whom we are to recognize, so constantly is God kept at the front and man thrust to the rear, out of sight. And why, if not to put this whole work of missions before us, as, in a unique sense, the one Divine enterprise in which the whole Godhead is supremely concerned ~ Only three works of God are revealed to us in Scripture: 1. Creation of the universe; 2. Creation of man, as by a special council of the Godhead; 3. New creation offallen man in the restored image of God. Both the others being now past acts, this one, man's redemption, now engrosses the activity of the Divine mind; so that we may say that, so far as this world is concerned, there is just one work decreed by God and to be wrought out by Him-namely, the bringing back of a revolted race to its allegiance to Himself. This work is invested with a dignity, an authority, a majesty wholly its own and shared by no other, as the one enterprise of God. There are other enterprises, benevolent in purpose, beneficent in result, and worthy of our sympathy and support; but, we repeat, they are not originally and essentially divine enterprises. They had their origin in man, were deemed by him needful and planned by him to meet the need. The whole scheme of popular education, in common schools and Sunday-schools ; the whole system of publication of Bibles and religious books and tracts; the vast array of hospitals, asylums, and benevolent institutions; the thousand forms of philanthropic work among the destitute and depraved classesthese, as we have already said, are inventions of man. However wise or good, their origin is human and their methods fallible. If at any time they have answered their purpose, cease to be effective, or need to be modified, man is competent to alter or abolish them, and consequently disciples are at liberty to determine how far they shall give them personal aid and snpport. To criticise them is no irreverence; to change their forms of work or displace them by better is no profanation. " But the canse of missions has God for its original author. It is traceable solely to His wisdom. His eternal counsels are back of it, and His almighty power is pledged to its support. To accept it as His plan and fall into our own place in that plan is both duty and delight to a true follower of God. To criticise or condemn missions is blasphemy; to abandon and abolish this work would be the last step in arrogant apostasy. In fact, we cannot abolish tho we may abandon, for God is behind it. We may drop out of it as His instruments, but He will raise up others, if need be calling another eagle from the far East to do His pleasure. But as sure as God lives, the work of a race's regeneration will go on. His word and His oath are already pledged: .. As I live, saith the Lord, Unto Me every knee shall bow And every tongue shall swear.

The earth shall be filled with the knowledge of the Lord, All flesh shall see the salvation of the Lord. I, the Lord, have spoken it, And will do it."

Such is the sublime and wonderful teaching of this text, and the whole Scripture of which it is both climax and index. Here is the one work of God, known unto Him in eternal purpose, and in which from the very opening of the ages He has been engaged and will be to the end. To take part in it is to wheel into onr orbit, moving about Him as a center, and have share in the sure and splendid triumph which awaits Him and toward which, through all seeming reverses and defeats, He moves steadily onward, as receding waves only rise at the next advance higher toward the final flood-mark, or apparent retreats under a master general are only parts of a larger movement for surrounding and annihilating a hostile army.

This thought is so grand and glorious that it may well occupy closer attention, and happily the context itself suggests some of the details which together exhibit this as God's work even to its minutest details. All its outworking shows His hand.

Careful students of the Word have often found here not only God's authority for Christian missions, but their very pr0!lr~m. Whether the reader accepts it as so designed or not, it is very remarkable that in this passage of Scripture there are indications, very marked, of a definite plan, and a plan which both agrees with the teachings of other Scripture, and which thus far exactly corresponds with the facts, and is indeed their only adequate explanation or s:>lution. To this plan or program of missions,· there appear to be three very conspicuous stages. To a student of the Greek, this is even more apparent than 1Il the English: IIPf.lTON, '0 eeo~ mE(JKt>paTo Aaf3etv e~ e{}vwv Aaov E1rt T't' ovof'an aVTOV META TAYTA, ava(JTpe>pW, Kat avotKoOOP1(JW TTlV (JKTlVfjV llavul TTlV 7re7rTWKv/av Kat Ta KaTe(JKaf'f'eva aVTTl~ aVOtKOOOf'Tl(JW Kat avopBw(Jw aVTlJ'V, OII.I2I AN, eK'TlTfj(JW(JtV Ot KaTaAot7rOt TWV av{}pW7rWV Tal' KVPtoV, Kat 7ravra ra e6vfj e<P' OV~ e7rtKeKATjTat TO (Jvof'a f'OV E7r' aVTOV~, Aeyet KVpto~, 0 7rOtWV raVTa YVW(JTa a7r' atWVo~.

This cannot, perhaps, be presented in the English, so as to show equally 'well the poetic parallelism which pervades its structure, but it may be well to exhibit it as best we may: " Simeon hath declared how, at the FIRST, God visited, to take out, from the nations, A people for His name; AFTBR THIS, I will return And will build again the Tabernacle of David, That which is fallen down, And the ruins thereof I will build again, And I will set it up ; SO THAT, The residue of the Adamic race* might seek the Lord, And all the nations upon whom is called My name, SAlTH THE LORD, He who doeth these things Known from the age."

Here it requires no ingenuity to find three marked steps or stages in God's pIau for this world: 1. The work of this Gospel age, visiting the nations to gather out the ecclesia, a chosen people for His name.

2. The rebuilding of the fallen Tabernacle of David, out of its very ruins, and its restoration, like a fallen tent, to its upright position.

3. The way thus being opened for the residue of the Adamic race to seek after the Lord, a greater body of believers than ever before, will be gathered from the nations.

And if all this outgathering of a believing people ; this ultimate res- . toration of David's Tabernacle, with the reorganization and reconstruction of the Hebrew state, and the final embrace of the nations of the world in redemptive purpose-if all this seems not only inscrutable but incredible, _ • Compare Amos 9: 11, 12, where Edmn should read Adam. _ we need only to be reminded that God knows His own business, and that all we have to do is to remember that nothing is impossible with Him.

Once more let it be put bcfore us in bold capitals- MISSIONS REPRESENT GOD'S OWN WORK, for which He is responsible. 'Ve are accountable only for our part in it, which is ne.ither to judge of its expediency or its efficiency, but to become His submissive instruments, obedient coworkers with Him in carrying out His eternal purpose.

The larger passage of Scripture, of which this is but the conclusion, contains also a pertinent word of warning: " Beware therefore lest that come upon yon which is spoken of in the prophets (notice the plural, as indicating a general drift of prophecy).

Behold, ye despisers, and wonder, and perish; For I work a work in your days, A work which ye shall in no wise believe, Though a man declare it unto you" (Acts 13 : 40, 41).

This is a quotation and adaptation of two Old Testament prophecies: one in 1sa. 29 : 14, and the other in Hab. 1 : 5. One prediction concerns the Jews, and the other the heathen. God foretells that both among Jews and heathen nations He is about to work a work, which shall be witnessed hy competent testimony, but met with incredulity. Men shall wonder at it, while they behold, and despise and perish, while they wonder. And we can see it all true in these very days in which we live. Never was there such abundant and overwhelming witness that God is at work in missions, and yet never more abundant evidence of an unbelieving and even antagonistic' spirit. The very generation that beholds the miracles of missions wrought, despises while it wonders, and perishes in sin while beholding the wonders of grace. God's work among the heathen is declared by competent witnesses, and yet it is not believed in as God's work, and even the Church of Christ is in danger of provoking God beyond endurance by sheer incrednlity, inactivity and apathy. To-day nearly every missionary agency of the Church of Christ is retrenching expenditure where everything calls for expansion; is refusing picked men and women, who are ready to go forth to the field, because debt embarrasses its operations; is seriously considering not how to go forward, but how to go backward without surrendering immense advantages already gained, and sacrificing important strategic points and posts in the world campaign. And, to cap the climax, it is now calmly proposed to equip a commission to go forth and examine the whole work of missions and report, forsooth, whether the results justify the further prosecution of God's own enterprise!

o God, who hast in Thine infinite wisdom planned this work, and pledged Thy presence and power to those who cowork with Thee in carrying out Thy purpose to the end of the age, strengthen Thy servants reso-

THE YEAR IN JAPAN

lutely to do Thy bidding, and, armed with Thine authority and moved by a love likEOl Thine, serve our own generation by the will of God, with untiring zeal, unceasing prayer, self-denying giving, and whole-hearted devotion, bearing the tidings of salvation to the uttermost parts of the earth! Amen.

THE YEAR 1896 IN JAPAN.

BY REV. GEORGE WILLIAM KNOX, D.D., RYE, N. Y.

The year in Japan has been full of interest. If the world has not followed the story with the keen attention given to the year of war, it is not because the events have been less momentous, but because peace seems commonplace and prosaic after the glamour and poetry of international combat.

Politics.-The Government remains master of the political situation. We have followed in the years past the slow development of constitutional and parliamentary government. At first it was the dream of a little group of reformers. Against them were arrayed all the forces of the empire-police, army, official, judiciary, a subsidized press, the great banks. the educational forces as maintained by the Government. But the reformers dreamed on, nothing daunted. They organized a political society. Its head was Mr. (uow Count) Itagaki. The society grew, and gained in influence.· Its leaders, excepting Itagaki, were imprisoned, fined, persecuted. But the society none the less became a power. It finally was organized as the Liberal Party, and its first great end was attained when a constitution was given the empire and a diet promised. Some of the party leaders went direct from prison to leadership in the Diet, and from this party the Government met an opposition which it could not overcome.

The "Liberals" were termed "Radicals" by their opponents, and every destructive and anarchistic pUIpose was ascribed to them. The charges were never true. Count Itagaki and the men associated with him were moderate Liberals, whose ideal was the British Constitution. They fought the Government in the Diet session after session, and the result was a deadlock. Diet and Government opposed, neither could accomplish anything of value. The Liberals were determined to force capitulation to compel the Government to admit the majority of the Diet to a responsible share in the Imperial Cabinet. The Government was equally resolved to maintain its position, it being al! oligarchy appointed nominally by the emperor and quite independent of the Diet. The position became impossible, and three years ago there were indications of an approaching agreement between Liberals and Government.

The war hastened this development. All parties united in the support of the Government, vying with each other in loyalty. And after peace the alliance between Government and Liberals was proclaimed. With a majority in the Diet the Liberals have supported the Government, and Count Itagaki has entered the Cabinet as Home Minister, while another Liberal leader is the new Minister to Washington. So far as one may judge, the fundamental contention of the Liberals has triumphed, and the voice of the people as expressed by the Diet is accepted in the council of the emperor.

The Pinances.-Peace pays the bills of war. Japan, ioo, learns the price of glory. The imperial budget before the war was, say, $90,000,000 silver, and 1his ycar it has more than doubled, being $11)3,000,000 silver, perhaps something more than $100,000,000 in United States gold. That means a large increase in taxation, and with it an increase in the cost of living, another weary step, introducing Japan to the conditions of modern industrial and economic strife. Thanks to Liberal support, budget and taxes went through the Diet with little difficulty.

This large expenditure means a new navy by and by, purposed to be strong enough to measure conclusions with Russia or other European power. It means an immense increase in the army-500,OOO men ready for war, making the empire impregnable at home. It means also, and to the credit of the other side of the account, the building of new railway lines with like internal improvements. Pity it is that the incoming of Christian civilization imposes such heavy burdens chiefly that the nation may be prepared to slaughter men in the most approved way.

The Civil Code.-The Diet adopted the new Civil Code. It marks another important stage in the onward march. It also prepares the way for the full control by the Japanese courts of all foreigners in the empire, instead of the present system of foreign laws and courts. Two years ago the Code was defeated under the pressure of anti-foreign sentiment; but now it is adopted in a somewhat amended form. There were other indications in the Diet that the exaggerated dislike to foreigners manifested offensively in recent years has disappeared,and that the nation is no longer hostile in its attit;Ide. The change is partly due to the removal of the cause by the revision of the treaties, and partly because of the new consciousness that the nation has proved its right to equality. Nowhere is there evidence of the prophesied increase of self-importance and swagger ; but, to the contrary, there is more of self-restraint and friendliness.

Korea and Pormosa.-The Government has not fared well in Korea. Its plans for reform have succeeded only very partially, and there is prospect that the last state may be worse than the first. Most lamentable of all is the fact that the Japanese Minister was implicated in the murder of the queen. He was recalled, tried, and acquitted; but there is a widespread feeling that the verdict was a mil:lcarriage of justice.

Certainly Japan has suffered in influence, power, and reputation. Russia is the gainer. It gathers the fruits of Japan's campaigns in China and in Korea. So at least for the present, for what the future is to unfold no o~e divines. The supremacy of Russia may have dire hlfluence on our mission work. That its supremacy can be lasting we hesitate to believe.

In Formosa t.he situation is trying. If we are not mistaken, its conquest cost more Japanese lives than did the war with China. Savages and disease are more formidable enemies than Li Hung Chang's braves. Besides, there are questions of administration and police, the use of opium, and many other bad customs and manners which tax the highest intelligence. Japan is ambitious of emulating Great Britain not only on the sea, but in the successful, liberal, and just government of its dependencies. It, too, would be a civilizer. And the nation finds that all this costs money. For years to come the Japanese must pay in part for the acquisition it ha" made, as Formosan income by no means equals Formosan expenditure.

Commerce. -The nation prospers exceedingly. It" commerce advances with leaps and bounds. Already its flag is seen in English waters, and it plans new lines of steamers, so that it may have constant service by its own ships to America, Australia, and Europe. Besides the lines of railway projected by the Government, private companies are busy, and erelong all parts of the empire will be accessible by the iron horse.

The increase in the resources of Japan has been great. Statistics for twenty-two years are at hand. Between 1872 and 1894 the population increased more than 25 per cent. England during the same period increased about 20 per cent. In Japan the increase in the production of the staple articles of food has kept pace with the increase in population; and there seems no reason to fear that it, like England, will become dependent on foreign lands for its daily sustenance. In fifteen years the production of silk cocoons tripled, and the production of tea doubled. The increase in manufactures has been most remarkable; and foreign commerce in the twenty-two years has multiplied almost sixfold. In ~he same period there has been a. great development of railways, telegraphs, steamship lines, postal service, banking capital and facilities, and, in short, of all the ways and means of modern indnstrial and commercial civilization. And the increase still continues as rapid as before.

Thus there is a solid basis for the increase of national expenditure and for the growing belief that Japan can maintain by the arts of peace the position it has won through war. Of course prices rise and wages increase. Equally, of course, thcrc is danger of too great extension and too sudden prosperity. There arc not wanting prophets who tell us there are signs already that the boom will burst. It will be strange indeed if Japan escape depression and panics altogether, but there is no ground for the suggestion that the new prosperity IS less solidly founded than the prosperity of Western lands. An increase of population with a steady yet rapid increase in the products of the soil, of the factory, and of foreign trade gives reason to believe that the new ways will be ways that shall last.

The Disaster in the ·North.-At the very end of the year comes telegraphic word of the terrible disaster in the North. Japanese papers with the details are not yet at hand; but by the cable it would appear that the great wave of 1896 exceeded in Its destruction the great earthquake of 1891.

The Work of the Missions.-The table of statistics is the least encouraging yet published. There is a net loss in the membership of all the Protestant bodies of more than five hundred communicants; and almost every footing shows a loss-less Sunday-schools, a smaller number of baptisms, $10,000 (silver) less contributed by the churches-while the only substantial gain is in the number of scholars in day schools and in the number of patients treated in hospitals. It is evident that the check in missionary work is still felt, and that all departments of the enterprise suffer.

There are private reports also of a want of interest in the churches. Some of the strongest congregations state that "the spiritual condition is now what it was two or three years ago." Some missionaries report that" the work has not been prosperous as men would count it. " We take it that the statistics, with all their imperfections, pretty fairly represent the true condition.

The Deputation of the American Boara.-The report of this deputation has been printed in part in the MISSIONARY REVIEW (March, 1896, pp. 219-221), and its summary of the situation may be substituted for an extended review in this place. 'Without accepting all of the statements made, we may yet refer to it as the candid judgment of fair-minded men who had exceptional means of information and who were in deep sympathy with the work. Their conclusions were these: That the number of missionaries be not increased, but that men of established reputation be sent to speak on various subjects ; that missionary work be henceforth evangelistic rather than educational, as the boards cannot compete with the well· equipped government institutions for young men-this decrease in educational work not applying, seemingly, to the work for women; that the churches should be pushed on toward self-support, and that foreign aid should be steadily withdrawn; that more should be done.toward creating a Christian literature.

The Doshisha.-This college has stood first among the missionary and Christian institutions. Founded by the lamented Nishima, it has been well furnished with buildings, library, and apparatus by its American. friends. The American Board has liberally supplied its needs. Its foreign professors have been among the strongest men sent to Japan by any board or society. It has done a great work for missions and for the Church. And now its trustees (Japanese) refuse to hold it to evangelical Christianity, even to a Christianity that professes faith in a personal God, in the divinity of Christ, and in a life to come. The most sincere friends of the Japanese, those who most stedfastly have held them worthy of all trust, are those who are thus most deeply wounded in the house of their friends. No equally damaging blow to the work of missions has beeu dealt

CONFUCIANISM IN KOREA

in all these years. All enemies combined would have failed to inflict such grievous injury.

The Prospect.-Notwithstanding the want of success in the year past, and notwithstanding the defection of the Doshisha, the missionaries do not lose heart. They still hoH fast their faith in the success of their .work, and they have abundant cause. From many localities come words of encouragement. In some, the relations with the Japanese Christians are improved. In others the popular prejudice grows less. In still others there have been many converts gained. On the whole, the sky is bright with hope, and there is faith that the darkest aay is past. The deputation finds more to praise than to blame, more ground for hope than for discouragement. They, as we, find that great things have been done already; they, as we, find abundant cause for thankfulness, abundant rea- . son for the faith that Christ's truth is to triumph in Japan.

CONFUCIANISM IN KOREA.

BY A KOREAN CHRISTIAN.

I approach the subject with reverence. Whatever may be the weak points of Confucianism, it has given the Korean his conception of duty and his standard of morality. My purpose is not to discuss the system from the standpoint of a philosopher-which I don't pretend to be-but as a Korean who has paid some attention to its practical results. A brief outline of the life of Confucius may not be out of place here.

He was born in 550 B. c. Loo, which was in his time a small dukedom • in Northeastern China, enjoys the honor ot being his birthplace. Even in childhood the future sage was remarkable for his sagacity, love of knowl- edge, and for filial piety. At the age of nineteen he married. From this time on we find three distinct periods in his life.

The first period extends from 530-495 B. c. During this time he trav- eled through different States in the hope of persuaiing princes to adopt his system of politics. Upright was his character, pure were his motives, wise were his plans. Notwithstanding these noble qualities, nay, on ac- count of these very qualities, he was rejected wherever he went.

The second period is from 495-482 B.C. Finding that he could not reform the princes, he devoted his time in this period to instructing his disciples, who came to him from all parts of the country. The last five years, which we may call the third period of this noble but in some re- spects sad career, were given to the revision of the classics of China. lIe died at the age of seventy-three, having survived his wife and an only son.

Confucius wrote no books of his own. He only revised and systema- tized the maxims of morality and politics handed down to him from the l!ages of ancient Chin~, His principles are set forth in the conversations his disciples collected in a book called " Discourses and Conversation."

Here we find that he was a teacher of morality and not a founder of a re- ligion. He teaches nothing about God and the future. When a disciple asked him how to serve gods or spirits, he said, " We cannot serve men ; how can we serve gods~" His answer to an inquiry about death was, " We know not what life is ; how can we know death ~"

Loyalty to the king, faithfulness to friends, conjugal fidelity and frater- nal love are inculcated as the cardinal virtues of man. Above all, filial piety is emphasized as being the root of all moral principles. The ances- tral worship every man is enjoined to observe is the result of extending filial piety to the dead rather than the outcome of any positive belief in a future state. .

I am unable to say when Confucianism was introduced into Korea.

However, the credit of having brought the ancient classics of China to Korea belongs to Choi Chi Won, who lived about seventy years B. c.

During the dynasty of Ko Rio, between 917 and 1391 A.D., Confucian- ism gave place to Buddhism. But the abuses of the latter became so bad, that the founders of the present dynasty made Confucianism the national standard of morality to the utter neglect of Buddhism.

Thus Confucianism for twenty centuries, especially for the last five hundred years, has had an unlimited sway over mind and heart of the Korean. It is noticeable that while Buddhism and Christianity are divid- ed into sects many and denominations not a few, Confucianism is practi- cally the same in all countries. The different views which scholars hold concerning certain trivial points in the system are of so little importance that very few people know or care to know anything about them. This uniformity may be due to the early and free citculation of the classics and to the significant fact that the system teaches nothing that goes beyond what is Korean and seen. On the doctrines of predestination, which as- sign a man to heaven or hell b~fore he was born, and of universalism, which maintains the final salvation of the devil himself-on such questions as these, lying beyond the definite grasp of reason, opinions naturally differ, thus giving rise to various schools. But it requires no exercise of faith to believe or deny any of Le matter-of-fact teachers of Confu- cianism.

At any rate, the system is one " ism" in Korea. Its hold on the peo- ple may be seen in the universal practice of ancestral worship, the rever- ence with which all classes speak of Confucius and his disciples, and the essential parts which Confucian principles play in the liturgies, laws, and literature of the nation.

What has Confucianism done for Korea ~ With diffidence yet convic- tion 1 dare say that it has done very little, if anything, for Korea. What Korea might have been without Confucian teachings nobody can tell. But what Korea is with them everyone well knows. Behold Korea, with her oppressed masses, her general poverty, treacherous and cruel officers, her dirt and filth, her degraded women, her blighted families-behold all this, and judge for yourselves what Confucianism has done for Korea.

That I am not irrationally prejudiced against the system I shall show by mentioning some of its glaring faults, anyone of which may injure a people who build their political or social fabric on it.

1. Confucianism enfeebles and gradually destroys the faculty of faith. It is an agnostic system. He who is imbued with its teachings finds it hard to believe in any truth beyond this material world of bread and butter.

2. Confucianism nourishes pride. It tells you that your heart is as naturally inclined to be good as the water is to seek the level. In the name of wonders, where did the first evil come from, then ~ Further, it overlooks the distinction between things moral and mental. It holds that if you are moral-that is, if you love your father and mother-you will know everything under the blue sky. It places no bounds to the human understanding, and thus makes every pedant who can repeat the classics a boundless fool, serene in the flattering contemplation that he is verily omniscient !

3. Confucianism, knowing no higher ideal than a man, is unable to produce a godly or god-like person. Its followers may be moral, but never spiritual. The tallest of them, therefore, does not stand higher than six feet or little over. On the other hand, a Christian, having God to look unto as the author and finisher of his faith, is a man all the way up, however small he may be in himself. In other words, a Confucianist begins in man and ends in man. A Christian begins in man hut ends in God. If through human imperfections a Christian fails to reach God-likeness, the possibility remains nevertheless the same.

4. Confucianism is selfish, or, rather, encourages selfishness. It never says" Go and teach," but" Come and learn." In trying to make men to keep the impossible doctrine of the mean, it makes them mean, narrow, calculating, revengeful, ever ready with specious excuses and never given to generous adventures. , 5. "nile Confucianism exalts filial piety to the position of the highest virtue, and while a Confucianist makes this very common principle hide a multitude of uncommon sins, the whole system saps the· foundation of morality and prosperity by classifying women with menials and slaves. "''ben, a year after the death of the expelled wife of Confucius, his son wept over her loss, the great sage was offended, because it was improper that a son should so long mourn over his mother's death while the father still lived! A woman, in the Confucian morality, is virtuous in proportion as she is dull.

6. Confucianism aims to make people good through legi~lation. It is true that the founders of the earliest dynasties of China were great and good men. But is it not equally true that the majority of princes of even these model dynasties abused their power? Is it not true that during the time of Confucius and of Mencius, the reigning princes were, most of

W. BURNS THOMSON, F.R.C.S.E, F.R.S.E

them, notoriously bad 1 Suppose either of these sages did find a virtuous prince who could carry out the doctrines of the ancient kings, was it at all sure that the succeeding princes would keep them up 1 It is amazing how short-sighted Confucianists seem to be, not to have seen the folly of com, mitting the moral welfare of a nation into the hands of absolute monarchs, whose surroundings and temptations were and have been notoriously unfavorable to the growth of virtues. The idea of reforming a society through the reformation of each individual of the mass seems to have never crossed their mind.

7. The hunger and thirst after office for which Confucius himself set a conspicuous example, is the source of much eVIl. Most readily do I admit that he was actuated by the purest motives to seek after office. Yet as a drunkard throws over his weakness a kind of religious sanction by quoting Paul's injunction to drink a little wine for the stomach's sake, every Confucianist who runs after office for nothing but the squeezing there is in it, sanctimoniously tells you that he is following the stcps of Confucius.

A system of ethics yielding the fruit of agnosticism, selfishness, arrogance, despotism, degradation of women, cannot be pronounced a good one. If other countries can make a better use of it, Korea is or ought to be willing enough to part with it-the sooner the bctter.-The Korean Repository.

W. BURNS THOMSON, F.R.C.S.E., F.R.S.E., MEDICAL MIS. SIONARY.

BY WILLIAM GOULD, M. D.

One of the most striking things in connection with the evangelization of the world, during the last forty years, is the steady development of medical missions. So helpful has this agency proved to the furthcrance of the Gospel, and especially as its pioneer in new fields, that year by year it is being more extensively used by the various missionary societies, and its results, under God, commend it increasingly to the whole Christian Church.

To Dr. Villiam Burns Thomson more than to any other man was it given, by God's grace, to advance this noble cause in. its early days. By personal medical mission labors in the most degraded and needy parts of Edinburgh; by advocacy with voice and pen; by efforts for the fostering and training of medical missionaries, and by the substantial support he secured for medical missions abroad, as well as in some of our large citics at home, he gave the needed impetus to the cause at a time when it was but little known, and was looked on with something of distrust and prejudice as a risky innovation on established methods.

William Burns Thomson was born at Kirriemuir, in Forfarshire, in 1821. His parents, altho not wealthy as regards worldly goods, were yct " rich in faith," and left him the goodly heritage of a holy example and many prayers. He spoke of Psalm 37: 3-7 as his mother's legacy: " Trust in, delight in, commit to, and rest in ,the Lord." While still very young his parents died within a short time of each other. He grew up and was educated under the care of his elder and only brother, a schoolmaster at Golspie, in Sutherlandshire. William showed himself clever, active, and energetic. At the age of seventeen he came out decidedly on the Lord's side, and at once lhrew himself heartily into Sunday-school work. His class, at first numbering only three, grew, till in a few years there was a school of two hundred scholars, and God blessed his efforts to the conversion of some of them. When twenty years of age, he was able, in his brother's absence, to take entire charge of his day school, and proved a very successful teacher.

After leaving Golspie he became an evangelist in the Lowlands, and the spirit in which he prosecuted this work may be seen from the remark of one who knew him well: "The ruling passion of Thomson's life was to win souls to Christ."

At the age of twenty-six he began his college career, having the Christian ministry and especially the mission field in prospect. His studies were pursued under many difficulties; but, with the energy and determination characteristic of him, he succeeded in distinguishing himself as a student. From the first he was a man of prayer and" full of faith." His favorite text was Matt. 7 : 7 : "Ask and it shall be given you; seek and ye shall find ; knock and it shall be opened unto you." An urgent need arose on one occasion for a certain sum of money which he must pay immediately. He spent the night in prayer to God for the needed help, and on the following morning he received a letter containing the exact sum required. By whose hand the Lord sent him the gift he never discovered. One of his oldest and most intimate friends, a well-known minister of the Word, thus wrote of him : "To Burns Thomson prayer was a real dealing with the Triune. He expected answers, and many came to him, and not to him alone. I am indebted to him, under God, in this connection more than to any other man, and more to him in this respect than in any other."

While students, these two were associated in Christian work among the prisoners in the Calton jail, Edinburgh, and their labors were accompanied by many tokens of the Divine blessing. Of Dr. Thomson, his colleague testified: "My dear brother's clear views of Divine truth, intense earnestness, and practical good sense eminently qualified him for this difficult work." It was while thus engaged that he was made the instrument of a gracious work of revival in one of the boarding-schools of the city. He conducted a weekly Bible class with the young ladies there, and many were awakened and converted. This was a great joy to him; and he used to say with reference to his Bible class: ' , Was it not gracious of God to give me a sight once a week of these dear, bright, girlish faces, with their pure, clear eyes, to help me in my sad, painful work in the prison g"

He was a most interesting and impressive speaker both to young and old, and his love for children made him very tender and affectionate toward them. The writer can never forget the beauty and pathos, as well as the forceful, practical lessons of an address on Psalm 23 which he gave to the pupils of a large boarding-school in London during his stay at Mildmay. The attention and interest of the young people was most marked.

A fellow-student, unskilled in Sunday-school teaching, and so disheartened by his want of success as to think of giving it up, got Mr. Thomson to take his class the following Sunday while he sat and listened. " The teaching was so telling," he said, "that the boys were kept spellbound; and the effect on me was, that I never failed again in enlisting the attention anti interest of a class. It was a model lesson for all my future."

Dr. Thomson's interest in children of the poor was touchingly responded to in the case of one of the city Arabs of Edinburgh. Relating the incident, he said: "On my way home I received a gentle tap on the arm, and turning round, saw my youug Arab friend, who said: 'I hear you're gaun awa',' and the tears filled his eyes. 'Yes,' I replied as kindly as possible, and tried to cheer him; but it would not do. He fairly broke down, and ejaculated betwixt his sobs: 'I'll hae nae freen noo to tak' care 0' me !' This exhibition was as unexpected as it was impressive. Those tears have never been forgotten. This was the first real Arab I had encountered, and I discovered that he had not only a human, but a tender heart." Later on in his difficult work among those city waifs he was encouraged by one of the most ragged-a lad about nineteen years of agewho, on going out from the Sunday morning classes, whispered into his ear: "I just wanted to tell you that Christ has been kind to my soul." The two grand lessons of his missionary life he records thus: "None too low to be beyond the Savior's care," and " None too vile to be beyond the Savior's grace."

Before he closed his double work of student and city missionary, an incident occurred iu his district visiting which entirely changed the purpose and current of his life. He had gone through the arts course of the university, with the ministry in view, and China as his field; but he was led to see that the study of medicine might be even more helpful to his future usefulness in the Lord's vineyard. A fresh study of the New Testament, with this thought in his mind, confirmed him in his purpose to enter upon a medical course. "I was amazed," he wrote, "to find medical missions on almost every page of the Gospels, and strong confirmation of them in the Epistles." He accordingly commenced his new studies, and in due time secured his medical diploma, continuing meanwhile to act as assistant chaplain in the prison. During that period he had personal dealing with thousands of souls, among whom his influence for good was very great.

His" Reminiscences" tell us: "The prolonged strain of self-support in the form of teaching, and his arduous prison duties, combined with close study, terminated, in 1856, in a severe breakdown in health." A long and complete rest became necessary, during which he was being prepared in the fire of affliction for more extended and influential service for the Master.

Dr. Thomson's first effort on behalf of medical missions was the writing and publishing of a prize essay on the subject; and he had the cheering assurance that it was helpful in showing that" the medical mission is God's way of missions. "

A feeble beginning of medical mission work in this country was made at West Port, Edinburgh, in 1853, by the opening of Ii mission dispensary. This was carried on in a very limited way for nearly five years, and then, after a brief interval, the Cowgate Medical Mission was commenced by the Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society. Toward the end of 1859 Dr. Thomson was appointed its first superintendent. His own description of the field is as follows: "My pen can give no conception of the terrible depravity, the appalling ungodliness that prevailed round that district. Sometimes on Saturday night and on Sabbath evening it was almost overwhelming. What sights and sounds! The crowds; the din and bustle; the shouting, yelling, shrieking and cursing; the pushing, rioting, quarreling, and fighting! Truly, it seemed a place WITH0U:T GOD, tho not without hope. It was for such that Jesus died. He' came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance.' Publicans and sinners get into the kingdom when Pharisees are cast out."

From the first, Dr. Thomson set before himself a high ideal of what a medical missionary should be, both as to professional acquirements and spiritual qnalifications. He gave the following answer to the question " What is a medical missionary?"

1. A legally qualified medical practitioner, 2. Called of God, 3. Wholly set apart, 4. To the twofold work of healing the sick and making known the Gospel. A medical missionary, from his view, was one" called to special service on behalf of our Lord and Master; the work of winning souls to which healing is helpful as an adjunct." He was strongly opposed to medical missionaries being both doctors and ordained ministers. He believed that the medical missionary should be an evangelist and not a pastor. After his retirement from active service his interest in the cause continued unabated, and toward the close of 'his life we find him writing to brethren in the field: "I can say truthfully to all medical missionaries at hom~ and abroad, that I remember all of YOll daily in my prayers; and I watch with paternal interest the development in your hands of our blessed cause. Brethren and sisters, your soul-winning opportunities are simply marvelous, but your responsibilities are correspondingly grea~." It was to him a great joy to watch the steady increase of the work both at home and abroad, having himself been so largely instrumental in its successful development. He was very jealous for the honor of medical missions as a means of bringing glory to Jesus and salvation to men. The writer, on arriving at his field of labor in China, received a letter from Dr. Thomson, warning him against taking too many patients in hand. l~is words were these: " You are commencing work on behalf of Jesus in China. Start on the principle What I do, I shall do well. Never send home, to break our hearts, the intimation that you dealt as a medical missionary with thirty thousand. No, no. Take care, as you value your own soul, not to allow yourself to be dragged into the track of those who treat thirty thou- sand. You would get into a bustle and a whirl and feel a state of con- stant strain and irritation; and what would become of your spirituality and nearness to .Tesus g How can there be spiritual fruit if you pretend to treat thirty thousand g Oh, my dear young friend, what you do, dQ well; it is for Jesus. "

The steady expansion of the Edinburgh Medical Mission, under his care, gladdened his heart. His enthusiasm in the cause found expression in the following words: "The medical missionary's work is It grand work. If my Christian brethren in the profession knew one tithe of the joy we have in this precious service, and if Christians knew one tithe of the blessed services thus rendered by medical missions among the sunken masses, we should never need to plead any more either for money or men." Of the class of patients, Dr. Thomson wrote: "They came and sat at our feet-outcasts, infidels, and papists-and heard of salvation without money and without price." On beginning work, he had three patients the first day, and by the close of the year, 1300. The second year the number rose to 3000; the third, to 5000; and eventually to 7000. The number of his students also increased. The work was sometimes far beyond his strength. In one half year he had to conduct 226 meetmgs in addition to all his dispensary work.

It is needless to say he had his full share of trials to depress him, and at one time he resolved to leave. He wrote: "One forenoon I had just lifted my hat to go and tender my resignation to the secretary when the door-bell rang fiercely-:-an urgent case. As it lay on my way, I went with the messenger. I was surprised to find my patient at the fireside, and not in bed. She noticed an expression of astonishment pass over my face, and, bursting into tears, she exclaimed, '0 doctor, it's not my body at all ; it's my soul! '" He thus wrote of the incident: "She had been at our prayer-meeting on Sabbath evening, and the Divine Spirit had spoken to her. I found her ill great agony; but in a few days she was enabled to look to Jesus as her Substitute and Surety, and she found rest to her soul. I need hardly add I did not go to the secretary. When God was pleased to throw inquiring souls in my path, I judged it safe to turn back." And so, with renewed energy and faith, he returned to his difficult but blessed work, to see, in the years that followed, many of the most hopeless and depraved brought out of the horrible pit and the miry clay, and their feet set upon the rock Christ Jesus.

A convalescent home on a beautiful sunny slope not far from Edinburgh, secured through the help of Christian ladies in Eas~ Lothian, proved an immense boon to the poor patients. The great spiritual blessing given there was a constant joy, and led him to place the highest estimate on this branch of the work.

The Cowgate Medical Mission soon developed into a training home for medical missionary students-the first in existence. Into this part of the work Dr. Thomson threw himself with energy. His efforts on behalf of poor but deserving men were constant and generous. He was not, however, indiscriminate in his help, as the following extract from a letier to the writer, then in China, shows: "There has been much interest in spiritual matters in Edinburgh during the past year (1874). Real good has been done j but there has been a large amount of chaff. Many young men have professed an interest in divine things, and a good nuwber have s~ught to get into my institution; but I am shy. Thc idea that the life of a Christian is a life of self-sacrifice does not stand out sufficiently in their minds. It is a great joy to me to hand a staff to a struggling young pilgrim to facilitate his progress Zionward j but I don't think it is wise to rush up to a youth the moment he makes a profession of Christ, and press on his acceptance a pair of crutches to save him from using his legs. My institution shall never be a factory of crutches. "

He took great interest in the question of missionary nurses. On the eve of sending one whom he had trained to Nazareth, and of beginning the training of auother for Madagascar, he wrote: "This is a matter of great interest to me. See the Sisters of Charity, what good they do ; and why should not our sisters in Jesus get into harness g I pray the Lord may expand the scheme."

In the medical training of ladies for foreign service he also took an active part. In 1875 he wrote: "I have been much interested in my work this winter in being privileged to break ground in a new department -viz., the training of ladies for medical missionary work. I hope to devote more time to this important matter." In the case of those who were young and well educated he urged a full medical course, but those more matured in age he took up for a training of one or two years. After circumstances had arisen to cause his separation from the Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society, he carried on a medical mission in the Canongate. Here he opened a small hospital, which he used for the benefit of the ladies in trammg. Two of them, altho only partialiy trained, did a noble work of healing and teaching in India, and were the means of blessing to mauy thousands of the women of that land.

There are now several magazines issued in the interests of medical missions throughout the world, but in this important department of service Dr. Thomson was the pioneer. His first effort WaS in the form of a lithograph sheet, begun in 1864 and carried on for one year. This was followed by a printed monthly, the Medical Missionary Journal, which for years was most valuable in disseminating information from all parts of the mission field where medical missionaries were then working, and was a happy means of linking the workers with each other and of cheering them· in their various spheres. In 1868 he wrote of it thus: "Its beginning was small indeed, and its pretensions humble; but its influence has not been small. The circulation increases, and it moves in a most precious circle of living Christianity, and it promises to be a real power on behalf of our noble cause. You know that our work is not known, and you yourself are suffering from the effects of that-no man for your new mission. As the cause has been made known men have increased; the number of our students has increased, and we are beginning to get them of a better stamp. Now, it appears to me that each medical missionary has two responsibilities upon him-his own special mission and the medical mission cause. This great work can only be commended by us who are in harness, and we can only commend it by making known what through the Divine goodness we are enabled to accomplish. The Journal is becoming a real power, and I am anxious to bespeak your prayerful assistance."

For twenty years Dr. Thomson carried on his work in Edinburgh with energy, devotion, and success. He gloried in his calling, which he considered the noblest any man could engage in, seeing that it followed so closely the teaching and example of the Savior Himself, who went about " preaching the Gospel of the kingdom, and healing all manner of sickness and all manner of disease among the people." The main foundations of the great work which the Edinburgh Medical Missionary SOCiety has built up so successfnlly were, under God, laid by Dr. Thomson.

His deeply interesting memoir of Dr. Elmslie, the first medical missionary to Cashmere, has been helpful to many; and an address delivered by Dr. Thomson was largely the means of leading the late Mr. Mackay, of Uganda, to decide for the mission field. In addition to his ordinary duties, Dr. Thomson undertook the entire financial responsibility of the first medical mission to Madagascar in charge of Dr. Davidson, a mission which exerted an enormous influence for good in that interesting island. The medical missions also in Nazareth, Travancore, and Bombay owed much to his special efforts.

The last ten or twelve years of Dr. Thomson's life were spent at Mildmay, London, where, according to his strength, he still served the medical mission cause. While in London he was Chairman of the Medical Missionary Association, of which Dr. Maxwell is the able and devoted secretary. Dr. Thomson's remaining years were given chiefly to the biblical instruction of the deaconesses at Mildmay. His expositions of Scripture at morning prayers were greatly valued. He had a quaintly original way of putting the truth, and practical lessons for the daily life flashed out from the W 01'(1 under his deeply spiritual treatment of it.

THE SPIRITUAL OUTFIT' OF THE MEDICAL MISSIONARY

As a wise friend and counselor he was in constant request j and if any of the workers at Mildmay were in perplexity or trouble about either a point of doctrine or practice, it seemed the most natural thing to consult the doctor. Seldom did anyone come away from him without a lightened heart. Many a difficulty vanished before his judicious appeal to God's Word and earnest intercession at the throne of grace. He often thanked God for His goodness in giving him such a congenial niche as " dear Mildmay" for the sphere of his closing years, and greatly valued the opportunity it gave him for the quiet study of his Bible.

When both. Mrs. Pennefather and he were prevented, through weakness, frem going to the house of God on the Lord's Day, Dr. Thomson was in the habit of spending an hour with the" elect lady," as he delight. ed to call her, over God's word, praying for others and talking sweetly of "the way." Within a few months of each other they entered into the rest of the eternal Sabbath.

For the last thirty years, during which it was our privilege to enjoy his friendship, we found him unfailing in his kindness. Tho possessed of a keen temperament, yet he had a most loving and tender spirit. His love for children was great j and, having none of his own, he lavished his affection on the children of his friends.

Delicate from his youth, Dr. Thomson, humanly speaking, could hardly have. reached the advanced age he did but for the constant, tender, watchful care of his devoted wife. In helping to prolong so useful a life, she did a great service to the canse of Christ.

On April 29th, 1893, at the ripe age of seventy-two, he " fell asleep" at Bournemouth, where Mrs. Thomson and he had spent the winter. In the cemetery there his remains are laid, in the sure hope of a blessed resurrection.

THE SPIRITUAL OUTFIT OF THE MEDICAL MISSIONARY.

BY W. J. WANLESS, M.D., MIRAJ, INDIA.

That a medical missionary should be a man having a sound body, a good general education, together with approved and thorough training in medicine and surgery, ought to go without saying. This equipment, while it is to be the instrument of his chosen profession, and for this reason should always be efficient, and the more so since he is likely to be far from a consultant and without the aid of a trained staff of assistants, such as hospital physicians are accustomed to at home, nevertheless it is but an instrument, and should therefore always subserve the greatest aim of his missionary career-the salvation of souls. The highest medical qualifications should always be encouraged and never underestimated, albeit the spi.ritual are the more important. In every detail of the medical missionary's work, from the dispensing of the simplest dose to the performing of the most serious operation, he should never lose sight of the fact that he is "first a missionary, and secondly a physician;" that the work of healing the body, both in obedience to Christ's command and after His own example, becomes the more Christlike only as it sen'es to point new men to Him as the Great Physician of souls. The Pharisee and the Levite were so impressed with the spiritual as to forget the physical. In our day, in some instances of magnificent and elaborately furnished hospitals and great charitable dispensaries, this relation seems to be reversed.

It is perfectly possible to be so all absorbed in the salvation of the soul as to forget the cure of the body, the dwelling-place of thc soul and the temple of God's spirit. On the other hand, it is equally possible, if not more so, to be so engrossed with the cure of the body as to fail in supplying the need of the soul.

Christ's is the example we are to follow. The ethics of His practice were the only true ethics. As He was so are we in the world. His works spoke of His Divine power and mission, proving the truth of His claim that God the Father had sent Him into the world. Ours are to speak of the Divine character of our mission by obedience to the command of its Divine Founder to "heal the sick and preach the Gospel," and to prove the claim that Christ, the Son of God and Savior of the world, has sent us into the world, and that His message of salvation to a lost world is the only true message from God to the world.

To thus represent Christ in the work of medical missio~s and with this end only in view, the medical missionary should be, First of all, a man furnished in the Scriptures. As Christ was furnished and taught in the Scriptures, so it should be the aim of the medical volunteer to imitate Him. Medical text-books and journals, while they will furnish him with the progress of his art as a healer, thus enabling him to do his best for the bodies of his patients, his Bible alone can supply him with information as to the progress of God's grace in his own soul, giving him at the same time the spiritual nourishment necessary for the souls of tho!le whom he is to teach as well as to heal. His work for souls will often include preaching. tho it will chiefly consist of teaching. The sword of the Spirit, as contained in a knowledge of God's Vord, will furnish his most efficient weapon. He needs to know the Bible, first, for the sake of its influence upon his own life; and, secondly, because of its influence upon his patients. He should possess such a real love for the Scriptures before leaving home as will ensure systematic daily study after he reaches the field. Just in the measure that he neglects his Bible, even in the midst of the most arduous and exacting toil on behalf of the sick, in that measure will his own life lose the sweet attractiveness by which he is to shine for Christ, and by which also lle is to win those to whom he ministers for Christ. I feel that I cannot too strongly urge the training of a systematic and prayerful study of the Bible at horne, and the absolute necessity of a persistent continuance of this upon the field. I speak from a trying and instructive experience. Let every medical missionary be able to rightly divide the word of truth, thereby declaring his apprenticeship as a workman approved of God.

Study the Bible until you dearly love it, and afterward because you do so love it.

Second. He should be a man full oj the Holy Ghost.-In saving souls, the power of healing medicine and the power of the relieving knife will be but the power of the Spirit behind the drug and the power of the Spirit behind the operation, if these are used by a man who himself is filled with the Spirit. It is a significant fact that the apostle chosen by the Holy Ghost to write the record of the Holy Ghost's work was Luke, the "Beloved Physician." Luke, too, is the only apostle who quotes from the Old Testament (lsa. 61 : 1), the Lord's anointing by the Spirit for His ministry of preaching and healing (Luke 4 : 18). It is, therefore, not surprising that Luke was the medical companion of the first great missionary to the Gentiles. In the medical mission we dispense medicines and perform operations looking for physical results in obedience to the laws of nature and science, but for spiritual results as the outcome of the physical relief thus secured, we must depend solely upon the power of the indwelling and anointing Spirit in our own lives, and the quickening and converting Spirit in the hearts of our patients. The ministry of healing is but a department of the Church's work referred to in Acts 6 : 1, yet only men full of the Holy Ghost were chosen for the serving of tables. Among the chosen was the elder Stephen, whose very face shone for Christ under the influence of the Holy Ghost as he sealed his testimony for Him with his life. Philip, too, constrained by the same fulness of the Spirit, was among the first to carry the glad tidings into Samaria, so that great joy resulted from his testimony as healer and preacher; and ill obedience to the same voice, we are told, that he " ran" to the personal work of saving an individual Ethiopian eunuch. If in the ministry of "serving tables" only men full of the Holy Ghost were selected, then certainly the ministry of healing men of like spirit should be separated.

Third. fIe should be a man of fervent faithful prayer.-The work of a medical missionary is tremendously exacting, and his responsibility sensibly extreme. Over-anxiety for successful physical results, together with increasing interest in the practiee of medicine, in addition to the deadening influences of a surrounding heathenism, unless guarded by persistent passionate prayer and regular Bible study, will inevitably serve to drIve the physician from Christ rather than to drive him to Christ.

It has always been our practice in our daily clinics and at the bedside in India to invoke God's blessing in the presence of the heathen upon the treatment undertaken for the relief of their physical diseases, as well as for the cure of their spiritual maladie8. This has not been without its influence upon our patients, while it has sanctified both the work and ourselves. The missionary physician should be pre-eminently a man of prayer. No operation should be undertaken or no medicines prescribed without first seeking God's blessing upon the remedy used in effecting a spiritual as well as a ppysical cure. Importunate faithful prayer was the secret of Dr. Kenneth McKenzie's success in China, both as regards the wonderful cures wrought and souls saved as the result of his medical work. Faithful prayer in a physician who uses means is to some persons incongruous. It could not have been so with the physician Luke, for he uses the word faith or its equivalent some nineteen times in his Gospel, and fifty times in the Acts. It is not without faith that a fracture is set, splints applied, and with God's blessing a cure expected. It is more than faith, it is faith and works, it is showing faith by works. It requires often thorough dependence upon God to undertake the treatment of patients whose condition at the outset seems well-nigh hopeless. How often, too, have medical missionaries undertaken the most serious operations when far separated from any human consultant, and under conditions wholly incompatible with success, and yet with simple trust in God for His blessing upon the means employed, he has attempted that which for his work's sake and reputation he would not have otherwise touched!

How often, too, while performing a serious operation, medical missionaries have found themselves in positions of critical responsibility-responsibility which without previous prayer for God's aid, and without trust in Him as the Healer, believing the operator and operation to he but God's means to save the body, such responsibility would not have been undertaken. This has not infrequently been my own experience, and I have never found God fail when I have thus undertaken for Him and in His name and strength. We may use means, and at the same time be full of faith. God has chosen means-the foolishness of preaching-to save them that believe. 'Ve have no right to expect God to save the heathen until we go and declare His salvation. Our going-God's means to save the heathen-does not displace our faith, but rather enhances it. God does not do for us what we can do for ourselves. He does not feed us, tho He provides the food. Food can only nourish us when we take it internally. God has given us the science of medicine, He furnishes the remedies, we are to use them. The unsaved without prayer may and do use them with profit, we may and ought to use them with prayer and greater profit, since ours is the realm of the spiritual as well as the physical cure.

The missionary physician should be a man of prayer, especially for the salvation of his patients. The salvation of each patient, especially those regularly taught in the hospital, should be always a subject of special and prevailing importunity. All who receive the physical benefits may not be ready to accept the spiritual truth of our teaching. Thus it was with our Savior; still our prayers should follow them to their homes and efforts be made subsequently to ascertain the result by going or sending to them in their homes. The knowledge of any thus brought to Christ will always stimulate further intercession for others. Let the medical missionary he a graduate of Christ's school of prayer.

Fourth..He should possess a passion jar souls.-The man who has never enjoyed the luxury of winning a soul to Christ in his own tongue can scarcely be expected to enjoy the work of bringing one to Christ in a foreign. How often we hear the expressions, "passionately fond of his profession," " fond of surgery," "his specialty," and thus it should be. The man out of harmony with his profession is out of harmony with success. The medical volunteer should be, first 'of all, a specialist in saving souls. His department should be the department of spiritual cure, while it embraces the department of physical relief. His cure is " the double cure." He shall be passionately fond of soul saving as well as health saving. 'While his general practice will be upon the bodies of men, his special effort should be upon their souls. To this end his heart and life should be in loving sympathy with the great heart of the Great Physician. He should haye a yearning solicitude for the souls of the lost. In the clinic room and at the bedside his cfforts for the physical welfare of his patients should always furnish occasion for a saving remark, a Scripture reference or exhortation. A word thus spoken will often create in a mau concern for his own sah'ation, since he will see that the physician desires not only his physical, hut his spiritual good as well, and a word in season spoken by the physician himself wiII be accompanied Ly far greater influence and will receive a much more kindly reception than when spoken by anyone-be he ever so sincere-who is not concerned in the medical treatment. No assistant, foreign minister, or native evangelist can ever take the physician's place in his relation to the salvation of his patient. It is his chief privilege to point the sufferer to the suffering Savior. His earnest solicitation for his patient should be as Paul's was for his brethren, "that they may be saved." Christ came to heal the sick, His great work was to save the lost. His healing miracles resulted in saving miracles. A heart in line with the heart of Jesus and in harmony with His life is the best guarantee of a successful soul-winner. Seek to be like Him as a soul-saver.

Fifth. He should be a man possessing a patient disposition together with a persevering spirit.-The medical profession, above all professions, is one requiring gentleness, and in no physician is it more necessary than in the missionary physician. A missionary's life, in order to be a drawing power, must ever stand out in contrast. to the heathen who surround him. The heathen cannot always read the missionary's book, but they will never fail to read his life. The medical missionary comes into the closest possible contact with the people, who will have abundant opportunity to judge not only his work, but llimself. His healing touch will serve to adorn his teaching life only as the two are in perfect sympathy. Gentleness should characterize every manipulation and tenderness every solicitation. These are desirable in any physician, but necessary in the missionary physician, since they are to subserve a hIgher aim than the care of the body merely.

Patience, too, if a virtue at home, is doubly so on the foreign field. Here we are accustomed to lengthy strides and rapid speed, there to the slowest kind of progress and motion. Slow pace customs and exasperat- ing procrastinations are real trials to the Westerner; these are more or less the concern of every missionary, but especially of the medical missionary, since the progress of medical science is among the slowest processes of Eastern countries. The missionary physician has generally to begin his work under the most unsatisfactory surroundings. His dispensary at first may be his own house, his operating room a bath·room, his hospital a mud hut without windows, ventilation, or even beds. Such was the writer's own experience. For three years he had nothing better, tho he is thankful now for a hospital approaching Western cleanliness, and the satisfaction of being able to see his patient without the aid of a lamp in the day-time. The medical missionary is constantly hampered at first by native prejudice against the use of foreign medicines, the lack of appreciation among his patients of sanitary laws, the necessity of regulated diet, and the adherence to written or verbal directions regarding medicines. At Miraj patient~ at first refused our medicines, because they contained water. In a case of cholera or small-pox their house would have double the regular number of residents and visitors, and the discharges often spilled about the floor. Advice to eat little or nothing before an operation would be disregarded, and a full meal taken on the subsequent plea of strength necessary for the operation. Doses to be taken three times a day would be omitted in the morning and at noon, and all taken in a single dose at night, or the whole bottle swallowed with injurious if not fatal effect, on the ground of the sooner taken the sooner cured. Refusal to accept advice, especially that of urgent operations, is always a source of discouragement. These are difficulties, and many others might be enumerated which the newly arrived medical missionary will have to contend with. They are not unsurmountable, tho they arc often of the most trying nature. Christlike patience and prayerful perseverance will be necessary to overcome them, but with the victory of conquering them there will be victory over self, the chief enemy, and glory to Christ, by the effect produced upon the spiritual and physical welfare of those in whose behalf the victory has been won.

Dr. McKay, of Formosa, had to plead with his first hospital patient to enter his hospital, and he pried out the first tooth of a Chinese with a bit of a whittled stick. His hospital has since had hundreds of in-patients, and in fourteen years he has extracted 21,000 teeth. It was with the greatest difficulty that the writer could get his first case of decayed tooth submit to extraction, owing to the common superstition that to lose a tooth by having it drawn is to lose the sight also; but this objection is scarcely ever raised now, and the writer has extracted scores of teeth.

ABOUT FOREIGN HOSPITALS AND DISPENSARmS

The medical missionary has need of enduring patience. This is a grace which while a student he should assiduously cultivate at home. If he does not possess it here, he is most unlikely to grow in it there in a trying and ever-irritating climate and among an ever-provoking people. Let him prayerfully and studiously cultivate these gifts at home, blessing God for such opportunities as will make him more Christlike in this regard while a volunteer in drill service, in order that when he may reach the enemy's ground and the field of action, he may in everything effectually obey the commands and imitate the example of the Captain of his salvation and the Great Leader of his medical corps.

ABOUT FOREIGN HOSPITALS AND DISPENSARIES.

BY V. F. P.

Christ Himself is our authority for medical mISSIon work. "When from captivity the forerunner sent to Christ two of his disciples to know could this be He for whom he had prepared the way, " Art Thou He that should come, or look we for another? Then Jesus amnvering said unto them, Go your way, and tell John what things ye have seen and heard; bow that the blind see, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, to the poor the Gospel is preached."

At Iehowfu, Shantung Province, China, at the Prm:;byterian hospital, you can read, in Chinese, this sign given by a former patient: "The recipient of this is able both in his own country and in China to bring life out of death, even as does the springtime." Truly all the curative powers Christ posgessed are ascribed to our medical missionaries by those who have experienced their skill.

In each Christless land we see malpractice, butchery, horrors too great to even quietly read of; aud while here we have one physician to 650 people, we have sent but one to 2,500,000, or less than four hundred doctors fo; one billion people. Of these 202 are British, and 90 are women.

There are 40,000,000 women in the zenanas of India alone who can only be reached by women. Do you not remember the medical missionary called to prescribe for one of these purdah ladies? A hand was thrust through a curtain and a tongue, but neither indicated to him aught but health. "Do you think," said her husband, " I would permit my wife to be touched? It was asIave who acted as proxy."

In Africa 75,000,000 are utterly "unsought by any missionary." From all the Christian nations of the" earth about one hundred medical missiollaries have" gone for the 400,000,000 of China, and there the rate of mortality is so great, owing to absolute lack of sanitary knowledge, and even the most ordinary, common-sense treatment of all ailments, that the death-rate is 33,000 daily. No wonder" a million a month in ChiMa are dying without God."

Henry Morrison, who went to China from England in 1805, was a doctor, tho he is best known by his translation of the Bible, etc. China was "opened to the Gospel at the point of the lancet," by Dr. Peter Parker, who began his wclrk under the American Board in 1834. His hospital, at Canton, has continued, being now under the care of Dr. J. C. Kerr, one of the finest surgeons in the world, of the American Presbyterian Church, North. There are now sixty hospitals and fifty dispensaries in this vast land, "but what are they among so many ~"

In 1838 Dr. Parker started the Medical Mission Society, to encourage the Chinese to practise Western methods, and now in connection with each hospital is a training school. To him we must give credit for the Edinburgh Medical Mission Society, whose graduates are in many lands, for it was owing to Dr. Parker's influence and experience the thought of this society was suggested as he was returning home via England, in 1841. Dr. Kerr says that to the influence of medical missions in heathen lands we owe our medical missions in Christian lands, our denominational hospitals, etc.

Of the forty-two societies at work, the American Baptists, Presbyterians, Methodists, of the North and South, the Congregationalists, Episcopalians, Dutch Reformed, Woman's Union Mission, and Canadian churches have established the Chinese hospitals and dispensaries together with the English Church Missionary Society, London Missionary Society, Presbyterian, United, and Irish Presby1erian, and China Inland Mission. At Canton a boat, under Rev. A. A. Fulton and a medical assistant, renders great aid by touring. A few American Presbyteriau Christian Endeavorers support this. Dispensaries alone are insufficient, for" indeed the universal opinion of those in the work seems to be that the value and cfficiency of their work is in direct proportion to the presence or absence of a hospital." " Even itinerating work is of less value," says Dr. Sims. From a thousand miles away a patient has been known to come, as at Moukden, Manchuria, whither one patient was attracted by a cure of seven years previous. At Madura the American Board hospital iu one year had patients from 216 villages.

Should not all missionary work be purely and chiefly preaching the Gospel ~ Let Dr. Peter Parker himself give reply: "I have no hesitation in expressing it as my solemn conviction, that as yet no medium of contact and of bringing the people under the sound of the Gospel and within the influence of other means of grace can compare with the facilities afforded by medical missionary operations." Witness the results: churches built in new stations because of converts from hospital instrnction, whole villages brought to Christ by means of single converts. At the Canton Hospital, already alluded to, one very ill woman heard of Christ, and learned to love Him. "Doctor, how long can I live if I stay in the hospital~" she asked. "Four months," was the reply. "And how long if I go home?" "Two months." "I am going home." "But you will lose half your life." "Do you not think I would be glad to give half my life for the sake of telling my people of Christ's love ?" And she went home.

Our Christian physicians are telling of Christ to the thronging multitudes in hospital and dispensary. Prescriptions have Bible verses printed on them, in three languages where needed. Powders are often put in envelopes wit~ Bible verses thereon. ·While awaiting the doctor, a Bible reader or missionary tells of the Great Physician. Some medical missionaries hold services before attending to the physical needs. " Oh, I must tell of Christ," said a medieal missionary from Siam to me.

But the cost? That same Canton hospital, in 1888, for its entire support, cost but as much as would eudow two beds in St. Luke's Hospital, New York. The Chinese Medical Mission Society attends to all its expenses except Dr. Kerr's salary. There are, sooner or later, many rich patients who gladly pay, and pay well; who have built hospitals themselves, as did Li Hung Chang at Tientsin, after his wife was cured by American medical missionaries. Self-support is the aim; but even should years pass before the income equals the cost, the thousands that hear of Christ at dispensary and hospital are well worth t,he pittance paid. From many medical missionaries come large receipts to their boards. (Of every dollar given, we are speuding 50 cents for our own church work, 48 cents for the rest of America, and 2 cents for all the rest of the world. Is that a fair proportion? Does it permit much medical work ?) Surely their own medical practice suits their own needs. Do you truly think the two hundred boiled spiders eaten by one sick Chinese girl or the serpent's eggs next prescribed could do her. good? She grew steadily worse, till at last she went to the foreign hospital. " This has so many ingredients it will cure anything," was the remark of a Chinese physician to a friend of mine as he handed her a prescription, in which, among its twenty-five components, I was most struck by a centipede, a scorpion, a horned toad, and a beetle. Do you think a sign makes a real doctor? Is not some knowledge of anatomy necessary? Is not surgical aid often indispensable? Would you like to be relieved of a pain by having a long needle thrust in opposite the aching part? One woman in China had one thrust into the interior of her ear to cure a headache. " Of course the tympanum was destroyed." Another patient lost his eye by this process of cure. Even little babies are stuck all over with red-hot needles, till not an inch of unpunctured skin remains. That old lady near Peking who had bricks piled on her broken leg for six months, to cure it and keep down the swelling, was finally persuaded to seek the American Board hospital, where she not only learned no evil, but at last" drank of the heavenly spring." There are many unutterable horrors that sicken one even to think of. You can read of them elsewhere if you need more details. Women need women physicians, so rigid is Chinese etiquette.

Formosa was largely opened by medical work. Dr. Mackay's hospital there (Canadlan Presbyterian) is doing marvelous work. His recent book, " In Far Formosa," brings vividly before us the life and the needs.

Japan is said to no longer need medical missions. Dr. Wallace Taylor says, "It occupies much the same place here that benevolent medical work in the United States does, being largely humanitarian." In 1892 he individually treated and exerted an influence over 2500 persons, many of them from distant and widely scattered places in the south and west of the empire, nearly 13,000 consultations, with his assistants, all Ch.;stian men, 3500 patients and over 21,000 consultations. The hospital and dispensary at Osaka and Kobe have certainly done good, also the hospital and dispensary at Kyoto, these being Congregational. Tokio has a missionary hospital also. Dr. HepbUl.1ll, American Presbyterian, in 1862 started medical work, and his name to-day is a synonym for philanthropy.

Korea was opened to the Gospel by Dr. N. H. Allen, American Presbyterian. It is truly one of the romances of missions. He was there at the American Legation, no one knowing he was a missionary, for all Christianity was prohibited. In 1882, during a riot at Seoul, the king's nephew, Min Yong Ik, was wounded. Dr. Allen's bravery in crossing the city alone at night to bring medical and surgical aid (the Korean doctors used wax to stop the wounds) won over king and people. The king built the first hospital, Dr. Allen being given charge "with permission to 'preach,' as well as 'heal. ' Soon he was earning $5000 a year, which he turned over to his board." This board now has three hospitals and some dispensaries, and the Methodists one hospital and " several" dispensaries.

The same kind of medical horrors may be found in Korea, with variations, such as a daughter making broth for her sick father from one of her own hands. Deeds like this are highly esteemed. Knowledge is unnecessary here also of anatomy, physiology, surgery, medicine.

Siam was also opened by medical mission work. Dr. Karl Gutslaff, of the Netherlands Missionary Society, in 1828 first visited Siam, remaining there three years. Dr. Bradley, of the American Board, and Dr. House, of the Presbyterian, "were, however, the principal medical pioneers, and for their sakes missionary work was not only tolerated, but encouraged." Only the Presbyterians are at work now for Siam, but the work of medical missions goes on, encouraged by the king, who has given land and thousands of dollars for hospital work. Three hospitals and six dispensaries are in operation in Siam and Laos.

Native practitioners herQ are as deficient in knowledge as in China. The Siamese think the human body composed of elements divided into two classes-the visible and the invisible. The bones, flesh, blood, etc., belong to the former, the wind and fire to the latter. The external elements acting on the bodily elements cause health and disease, as dropsy, caused by too much water being absorbed iuto the body during the wet season. Spirits have great power. To cure lockjaw, the prescription runs : Portions of the jaws of a wild hog, a tame hog, and a goat; of a goosebone, peacock-bone, tail of a fish, head of a venomous snake.

Until lately, in the Petchaburee hospital there were but two or three beds or trestles, spread with grass, with a small cotton pIllow. With a train of relatives the patient would come, and they ministered to him by giving him whatever he fancied. Dr. Toy has been mtroducing iron bedsteads made of tubing, cotton mattresses, pillows, and towels. Twentyfive dollars fit a ward for two persons. A kitchen is contemplated that the sick diet may be controlled.

Do you smile at such a pitiful, petty hospital ~ " Friends, we furnish just what you enable us to," I heard the president of a mission board say at a recent annual meeting. Have you yourself ever helped this medical mission work ~ What did you do for it last year? What will you do now ~ Knowledge brings responsibility. "Your money and your life" is now the need.

Hunt up facts in our mission magazines. Scarcely a number but narrates incidents from this Christ-like medical work. One nobleman, who many years before when in Bangkok had received a Siamese Gospel, came to a Laos missionary asking to be healed, for " Christ healed men, and you preach Christ."

The Malay peninsula and archipelago, with 27,000,000 people, have small medical attention. At Singapore is a medical missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, North. In Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Celebes, the Philippine Islands, I find some medical work, but no records of any hospitals. Do you know of any ~ Fiji has medical work, also Madeira, New Zealand, and the Sandwich Islands.

Anam, with 12,000,000, and an area equal to New York, Pennsylvania, and Minnesota, has no Christian help whatever. Nepaul,5,500,000, is in the same destitute state. Burmah and Assam have a few doctors. The American Baptists have two hospitals and two dispensaries in Burmah.

The English owe their present supremacy in India to Dr. Gabriel Bought.on, who, curing the burns of a princess of the court of the Great Mogul in 1636, asked as his only reward the privilege of trade with India for his countrymen. The Danes, the first missionaries to India, sent medical missionary aid to Tranquebar and Madras missions in 1730-32. Carey had been six years in India before there was a single convert. Dr. Thomas, formerly a civil physician, returning to England to press the medical needs, had been sent out with Carey as medical missionary. After six years, a carpenter being hurt, Dr. Thomas cured him and Krishna Pal, the carpenter, the first Hindu convert, was baptized. Dr. John Scudder, of the American Board, began work in Ceylon, afterward removing to Madras, in 1819, the first American medical mis- sionary. To India was also sent the first woman medical missionary from any land, the American Methodists sending, in 1869, Miss Swain to BareiIIy. The first medical mission class for women was begun in 1869 at Nynee Tal by the same board. There now are in India and Ceylon 48 hospitals and 87 dispensaries, 87 men and 50 women medical missionaries, sent out by the 65 missionary societies at work there.

But does India need medical missionaries since the British Government has rule and the Lady Dufferin work goes on? (This association is philanthropic; its employees are pledged not to interfere in any way with the religious beliefs of the patients, but it depends largely on "Christian women, for only girls educated in the various mission schools were found prepared to avail themselves of the opportunity offered.") Perhaps Dr. ·Wanless, of Miraj, can answer that as well as any one. From his" Medical Mission Work in India" I cnll a few facts: "There are thousands of villages in India, varying from 1000 to 10,000, where it is quite impossible to secure aid except from the native quacks. In the most thickly populated district in India less than 5 per cent of the people live within five miles of an educated physician, native or foreign. It is doubtful if 2 per cent live within twenty-five miles of a European physician, much less a missionary physician." (We usually fail to realize that in India's comparatively small area one sixth of the world lives.) Dr. Wanless also says that caste hinders the state work, where no religious influence is permitted. The doctor will be unwilling even to touch the pulse of an outcaste. Vithout any idea of the nature of his disease, a prescription will be written, and even the medicine will vary according to the patient's ability to fee the doctor, who is himself a salaried officer.

Having no hospital in which to practise surgery on his arrival in India, Dr. Wanless sent a man with acute mortification, requiring immediate amputation of the leg, to the State dispensary, which had six beds, all unoccupied at that time. A note to the doctor in charge stated the case, offering his services if required. Being low-caste, the man was put on the floor, the leg was amputated, but below the point to which the disease had extended-a bloodless amputation, and nothing whatever was done for his relief. He actually" rotted to death " upon the floor.

No wonder snch an incident compelled Dr. Wanless to do all possible to secure a proper hospital, and now for but $50 a bed is supported for a year in it, one sixth the cost of a bed here and but one third the cost of the cheapest government hospital in India.

Of conrse the people unanimously seek foreign medical help 1 Oh, no, not even yet, for the Hindu Shastras " teach that any person rejecting the services of the hakim, or native physician, in the time of sickness will, if the disease prove fatal, suffer inconceivable misery in the next world; whereas if the hakim be employed, and all the prescribed rites duly performed, then the patient will assuredly be happy in the future state, even should he not be able to see the Ganges in his dying moments." (Dr. John Lowe, F.R.S.C.E.) A husband let his young wife die rather than break caste by taking medicine from a woman medical missionary. And horrible as well as foolish are the practices of the hakims. Charms, incantations, doses of putrid Ganges water, the fumes of charcoal fires, are the least of the many evils they practise.

But the women-oh, the women, their woes are unutterable! Women of the East, "unwelcome at birth, untaught in childhood, unchenshed in widowhood, unprotected in old age, unlamented when dead," what have been the tortures you have undergone g Surely the Inquisition at its worst has caused no greater. A paper, an appeal for English redress from physicians in India, was shown me a year ago, revealing such depths of women's woes and sufferings, utterly unspeakable, that even yet the bare recollection makes me shudder. And such sufferings are daily, hourly, each moment going on, not only in India, but in all those lands where Christ is yet unknown. The knowledge of the Great Physician shows the " healing in His wings."

Afghanistan and Beluchistan for their 3,500,000 have two hospitals, a dispensary, and itinerating medical work-Church Missionary Society. During the Afghan war" the only one who could remain among the wild and fierce Wuziris without losing his life was Rev. John Williams," a physician of this society, whom they had learned to regard as their friend because of his medical work among them.

Mongolia, Eastern Turkestan, Thibet, 15,000,000 have no records of hospitals. You travel 3000 miles from Teheran, Persia, till you reach in China the first mission station, Bathay. Russia in Asia has 16,000,000 with but a debased priesthood, and where are the records of any hospitals g Imagine yourself a missionary at one of our many mission stations without a physician. A mother, a missionary at one such place in Western Asia, found hilr two little children ill. One died. She then took the living child and journeyed six days to the nearest doctor. "Too late," he said. She turned and journeyed back. The second day that child also died, and the rest of her way she traveled with her dead child in her arms.

" My brethren, these things ought not so to be." In Persia, an area equal to France, Austria, Spain, and Italy, there are three societies at work, the American Presbyterian, the English Church Missionary Society, and the Archbishop'S Mission. The first has medical missions, three hospitals, a small room so used, and ten dispensaries, all doing such a noble work it is marvelous there are but these. After you leave the Teheran hospital you travel in Persia fifty-seven days, and not a missionary of any kind can you find. Mrs. L. S. Bainbridge says that here "Sickness is generally considered the punishment of God for sins j so all who are diseased or are suffering from infirmIties are esteemed as criminals, and are to a large extent so treated. The people are very superstitious, and are much gIven to the wearing of amulets."

Native physicians are numerous and inefficient, knowing nothing of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry. They believe all foods to be healmg or cooling; thus the meat of a hen is heating and injurious in fevers j a rooster IS cooling, and soup therefrom good for febrile disorders. Sheep is heating, goat cooling. "The water of watermelons is constantly giyen in large quantities in all inflammatory disorders."

Dr. Asahel Grant, writing of his work in Pemia, says: "As I have witnessed the relief of hitherto hopeless sufferers, and seen their gratefnl attempts to kiss my feet, and my very shoes at the door, both of which they would literally bathe with tears, especially as I haye seen the haughty Moolah stoop to kiss the border of the despised Christian's garment, thanking God that I would not refuse medicine to a Moslem, and others saying that in every prayer they thank God for my coming, I have felt that even before I could teach our religion I was doing something to reco,mmend it and break down prejudices, and wished that more of my professional brethren might share in the luxury of doing such wor:ir for Christ. "

The Church of Christ is surely asleep. In America we spend for our 68,000,000 people $80,000,000 a year, and for all the rest of the needy, sin-sick, suffering world, all our denominations are giving but $5,500,000. No wonder we have so few dispensaries and hospitals and medical missionaries, YET AS MUCH MONEY IS SPENT HERE IN TWENTY- SEVEN DAYS FOR LIQUOH, OR PUFFED AWAY IN TOBACCO SMOKE IN FIFTY-FOUR DAYS, "AS HAS BEEN SPENT IN EIGHTY YEARS TO REDEEM SOULS DYING IN HEATHENISM AT THE RATE OF A SOUL A SECOND." It .would take four years to raise as much money for missions as is spent here yearly on chewinggum.

Syria is better supplied with medical helps than any other of our foreign fields, yet nowhere is the need greater, because it is the only form of work that can break down the Mohammedan fortifications of superstition and prejudice. Thirteen hospitals and several dispensaries are under the Free Church of Scotland, English Medical Mission to the Jews, the Church Missionary Society, London Society for Propagation of Christianity among the Jews, Canadian Presbyt~l'ian Mission to the Jews, Moravians, Jaffa English 1fission, Prussian Sisters, American Presbyterians, and Friends Medical Mission to the Armenians, while the Mildmay Mission, Edinburgh Medical Mission Society, American Friends Mission, make up a total of thirteen societies working for the medical aid of Syria, and in Turkey at Constantinople and a few other places a few hospitals and dispensaries are giving forth " light and life." At Beirut trained native physicians are going forth from all Mohammedan regions to all such places from the medical department of the Presbyterian college. The annual report with its list of undergraduates and alumni is most impressive and hopeful.

Moslem lands indeed need medical aid and common sanitary knowledge. The whole world is yearly menaced by the yearly pilgrimage to Mecca, which the 160,000,000 Mohammedans regard as offering absolute immunity from all ills, absolute salvation. Study up the accounts of the pilgrims from lndia, Persia, Syria, Turkey, Arabia, all North Africaevery Moslem land, in fact-and see how the fearful cholera germs are spread wherever they go, and know that each cholera visitation in any land has its source at Mecca, where every condition fosters the most perfect development of the germs (from the germfull well Zemzem to every other detail of place and people), with most perfect facilities for spreading the contagion at every stage of their return.

Yet despite such awful iacts nothing is done there of any kind medi_ cally, and Arabia, with its 8,000,000 people, has but six mission stations, with a hospital at Aden under the Keith Falconer Mission of the Presbyterian Free Church of Scotland, and one physician for the American Dutch Reformed Mission.

When Dr. Moffat laid the corner-stone of the Livingstone Memorial Medical Mission Training Institute at Edinburgh in 1877, he said (and who had better opportunity for judging from his own experience and that of his distinguished son-iu-Iaw~) : "A missionary was a good thing, and anyone who knew the work they did must say so; but a medical missionary was a missionary and a half, or rather, he should say, a double missionary! It was impossible to estimate tbe value of a missionary going out with a thorough knowledge of medicine and surgery."

There are some medical missionaries in Africa (47 in 1892) for her 200,000,000 people, some hospitals, some dispensaries, but the supply is so small, so inadequate. Here indeed a medical missionary has 1,500,000 more patients than the general average allots elsewhere. Africa-do you know the thousands and thousands of miles there utterly destitute of all Christian and medical aid?

" 0 Chally, Chally," said a dying African woman to Du Chaillu, the great traveler, as he ministered to her, " won't you tell them to send us the Gospel just a little faster 7" And through medical missionaries, we add.

Morocco has at Fez, Tangier, and Rabat-Saleh medical work, and one hospital for all. * At Cairo the Church Missionary Society has a hospital, dispensary, and a dahabeyah for tours on the Nile. The United Presbyterians have work in Cairo also. The Church Missionary Society has also a hospital at Zanzibar, a native gift. The Liviugstone Mission ~~~~n * The German Kaiserwerth Sisters have a hospital at Alexandria. They have one at Capland, one at Keta in West Africa, and one in East Africa, at Dar es Salaam. Lake Nyassa at Bandowe a hospital, and at three other stations there one doctor at each. At Urambo, Central Africa, the king built a house and hospital for Dr. Southon (Church Missionary Society). in gratitude for relief from a painful tumor. In fact, he sent for the doctor when he heard he was to pass through his country, and a most hopeful mission is established, " where the seed of the truth has been sown broadcast"-the growth of a tumor it might be called.

The American Board has a hospital and dispensary for the Zulus, also medical work in its East and West Central Africa missions ; the American Baptists in their Congo Mission have six stations with medical work, at one of which, LeopoldvilIe, is a hospital. The English United Presbyterians have a doctor at Old Calabar; for Matabeleland the Dutch Reformed Church has a doctor. There was a temporary hospital at Bishop Taylor's Mission at Melange, where, as reward for the services of Dr. W. R. Summers, pioneer missionary, during a cholera epidemic, the natives gave him gifts in fish, biscuit, a riding bull, and money to the value of $1117, and the Portuguese governor also offered him $2000 a year to remain as his private physician. In the Livlezi Valley thero are three doctors. In the American Presbyterian Mission at Gaboon the natives recently built a small hospital at Batanga, and presented it to the mission. There is a dispensary also. At this mission Dr. Nassau has spent over thirty years in medical mission work.

Take a large map of Africa and locate these few isolated places, and you wi1l find "there remaineth yet very much land to be pORsessed." " Many suffering ones have to be sent away with these words, ' We can do nothing for you.' "

Madagascar in proportion is far better attended to. At Isoavinandriana, a hospital and a medical academy with fifty students and twenty graduates; Analakely, one dispensary, also one at Ilazaina; on Lake Alootra a hospital; a small one at Fianarantson, and six or seven other medical missions worked by native graduate physicians, also at Vonizongo two former students carryon a medical mission ; these are all under the London Missionary Society. At Antsirabe a hospital is under the Norwegian Missionary Society. At Analakely the Friends Missionary Society carryon a hospital and medical mission work in connection with the London Missionary Society.

South America is almost untouched by medical missions. Three doctors are reported in 1892. Of course the large cities have their own medical work, but it is not at all of a missionary character in "the Neglected Continent."

Mexico and Central America are destitute of such aid. In Mexico, where excellent doctors are found in the cities only, the contrast in the country is pitiable. We hear of a missionary longing to be able to say : " Jesus Christ hath healed thee; take up thy bed and walk." The needs in these papal lands appeal and appal.

REV. WILLIAM JOHN MCKENZIE, OF KOREA

In British Columbia the Toronto Conference have one hospital and one doctor. In Greenland the Moravians have one hospital and medical work in the southern part. In Alaska are a few medical missionaries.

The Gospel means "glad tidings." What tidings so calculated to win hearts as those coming with news of One" who healeth all thy dis- eases, who forgiveth all thine iniquities r'

The only tree in the last book of the Bible is described in the last chapter, " And the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations."

"Dr. Grant," wrote his colleague, "had twenty times more intercourse with the Mohammedans than the missionary who was sent expressly to labor among them. His skilful practice as a physician soon won the respect and confidence of all classes, and contributed very materially to our security and to the permanent success of our mission, more doubtless than any other earthly means."

Can we say with Dr. Grant (when tempted to leave his work) : "I have solemnly vowed in the presence of men and angels that I will consecrate myself and all I have to the Lord; and I dare not go from that altar, to stand impeached before an assembled world of having been an unfaithful steward, of having loved the world more than God, more than the souls of my dying fellowmen ?"

" Who follows in his train 1" With the best medical knowledge, surgical skill, consecrated to go forth like the Son of Man " not to be ministered unto, but to minister;" "and into whatsoever city ye enter, . . • heal the sick that are therein, and say unto them, The kingdom of God is come nigh unto you."

Are you helping in this work 1 "This I saw, that when a soul loves God with a supreme love, God's interests and his are become one. • .. It is no matter when nor where nor how Christ should send me, nor what trials He should exercise me with, if I may be prepared for His work and will. " (])avid Brainerd.) REV. WILLIAM JOHN MCKENZIE, OF KOREA. * BY REV. McLEOD HARVEY.

William John McKenzie was born of hardy Highland stock in Eastern Nova Scotia. He was educated at Dalhousie College and at the Presbyterian College, Halifax. During his theological course the student's missionary association of the college took up missionary work on the coast of * In the November nnmber of the MISSIONARY REVIEW, and in the article on "The work of the Spirit in North Korea," an extensive reference was made to the snccessfnllabors of the Rev. W. J. McKenzie in that land. When that article was written Mr. McKenzie was actively engaged in Korea. Now only his memory works there, while he is engaged in the higher service of the upper sanctnary. I am sure that the readers of the REVIEW will be interested in a sketch of his sbort but inspiring labors. Labrador, and looking for the most suitable agent to represent them amid the hardships of that isolated and dreary region, Mr. McKelll':ie was found to be the man. Strong of physique, courage, and faith, and willing to endure as a good soldier, he there wrought amid much privation for a year and a half, and a flourishing mission at present on a part of the coast owes its existence largely to his energetic and inspiring efforts.

While in Labrador he read an article on the needs of Korea, and in an hour of personal danger, while buffeted by Atlantic waves in an open boat, he dedicated his life to work in that land.

In recalling his life afl a feHow.student, we think at once of his love for the Word of God, of his humility, always wishing to hide himself behind the cross of Christ, of his intolerance of sham, his abiding sense of God'R presence, and a continual looking forward to the great day of account.

After finishing his theological studies the way did not seem open for him to take up the work nearest to his heart, so for two years he engaged in home work, when he was greatly blessed in his labors. He looked forward to going to Korea under the board of foreign missions of his own church, the Presbyterian Church of Canada, but at that time the board could not see its way to engage in work in a new field. Mr. McKenzie believed, however, that he was called by God to work in Korea, and he believed also that there were Bible promises guaranteeing his support. He resigned his pastoral charge, devoted a few months to special medical preparation, and with the financial assistance rendered by a few friends who became interested in his effort he started off as an independent mis· sionary to Korea in October, 1893.

A few days after reaching Seoul he started for the interior of the country, believing that there, away from foreigners, he would have a better opportunity of learning the Korean language and studying the customs of the people. As a result he was able in less than a year to converse freely with the natives in their own tongue. The place he chose was Sorrai, 200 miles from Seoul, and he at once bent all his great energy to putting God's thoughts into a form that might be grasped by a Korean's mind. Let me quote from one of his letters: " Sometimes when reading letters from friends far away tears find their way down my cheeks. Do not imagine that I am sorry I came to Korea. I never spent happier months than these ten I have spent here. So far as I know, there is no foreigner nearer than 120 miles. Not an English word do I hear. When I left Seoul I was told I would be lonesome. That is a word not in my vocabulary.

" I'll describe my surronndings. The roof of my hut is straw. The walls are mud and straw, with wooden posts here and there for support. The floor is mnd covered with paper and then straw mats. The doors are a framework of wood with paper spread on it. There is not a chair or bedstead in my room. A cotton padded quilt helps to lay my bones easier on the hard floor. Here I sit on the floor, day after day, trying to absorb Korean, and now that I can do a little preaching and reading of tracts, I seize every opportunity. Several are getting to know the doc- trine. The idea of a resurrection is new. Heaven and hell are things they never heard of. At first when the torments of hell as related by Christ are told them, they laugh. But a Korean may laugh at what he himself considers most serious. Telling of his father's death he may laugh. As Jesus told us of the tortures of the wicked I believe we should relate them to olhers. We have no right to paint them worse or better than they are.

" So far I have made only friends. My little medical work brings callers, to whom I can speak the words of life. An old man who had run away from a northern city on account of the war was here last night and read a book, 'Guide to Heaven,' till his eyes were so tired he could read no longer. How glad he was when I told him he might have the book! Shall we meet him in glory?

"Oh, the sorrow and woe in this land, much more than in ours! Hearts are just as tender, but there is not a ray of hope beyond an unsympathizing world; no burden-bearer for the weary."

Like other parts of Korea, Sorrai and Mr. McKenzie's work there were seriously troubled by the Tong Hak rebellion. He describes the Tong Haks as follows : "They belong to the anarcho·communistic tribe. Just what they teach is difficult to learn, but it seems to be a mixture of Buddhism, Confucianism, Catholicism, and Christianity. There are twenty. one mysterious letters which the candidate for initiation learns, and then he repeats them again and again as fast as he can until he begins to shake and twist about. A paper with certain hieroglyphics on it is swung about and then eaten. At once all fear is removed. Anxiety of all kinds is gone. No sickness enters the home. The shots from the enemy are powerless. Real good students of the cult are able to leap frog fashion several rods or even miles. There seems to be a community of property among them, which is always, like that of their kin in America, small. The property of the rich is plundered and their houses burnt. Their object, they say, is to reform the laws of the land, and if possible to have a new king. They threaten the lives of all foreigners. The oppression of government officials year after year has become unbearable, and the poor are driven in despair to make common cause against their oppressors. There is no doubt but that this is the beginning of a change that must come. During the last few weeks scores from this neighborhood have joined their ranks. Some who attended Divine service in the morning were in the evening on the war-path. They at once seemed to shun me and the other Christians. A Jesuit priest was killed and my life threatened. They, however, came one evening to warn us of the approach of a lawless band from another district, who were coming with the sole object of showing their hate of the Christians. To hide was impossible, as the Tong Haks were every- where. The boats had all been seized. To escape by land to Seoul, 200 miles away, was impossible, as night and day rebels were on the road. I packed up my few valuables and sent them off by night to a friendly native's house, as they might be of use to some one else who might come here. Several came to visit me in the night, and I was able to witness the power of Jesus to lighten np the darkest hour. One of our Christians started out in the night to see a friend who had become a leader among the rebels. Great was his surprise to find a New Testament in his possession. The rebel began quoting some of the words of Jesus. Saw, the Christian, began explaining the de('per, spiritual meaning of the words. Away on till morning they conversed, when the rebel leader thanked him for his instruction and promised us his protection. Seven Japanese and three interpreters were captured near by and shot, but we were not molested. In the morning, when Saw returned, we met to praise God, and songs of praise went up from grateful hearts. Since then the tables are being turned, for reports come of the arrival of Japanese troops. From far and near the people come to me for advice as to how to conciliate the J aps. Christian books that twenty days ago were shunned are now eagerly bought, and we have the unspeakable joy of seeing many groping after the light of God."

Mr. McKenzie rejoiced in the hope that the war would put an end to China's oppressive rule in Korea. In May last he wrote: " A year ago stupid conceit, the worship of rank and wealth, was a great barrier to our work. Now it is seen that neither rank nor wealth can help in real trouble, but rather become a misfortune. Devil worship was virtually done away with by the teaching of the Tong Haks. In fact, the bottom has dropped out of every old Korean custom and conceit, and they are willing now to listen to the message of God. Last spring I came here to live in this village and learn the language in a Christian homb. There were then two baptized adults and one child here. Then we were shunned, but now and. for the last four months from 70 to 100 meet twice on Sunday, and nearly as many at the Wednesday prayermeeting. So eager are they to have part in the worship of God, that when the room is overcrowded they will sit outside through the whole service, even in the bitter cold and while the snow is falling. 'Vomen also holding their children will stand throughout the service when there is no room to sit down. As a result the people of their own accord have decided to build a church. When they began to subscribe a straw roof was their intention, but so willingly have they contributed, that now it must be a tile roof, making almost double cost. I told them I would not contribute to the building, but would give a stove and pipe. They have also refused foreign aid from Seoul. It is to be built on a beautiful spot, where devils for centuries received homage, and will seat over 250. There is no expense for seating here, as all sit cross-legged on straw mats. Real widows' mites were among the offerings, and little boys gave their few cash.

" The Lord most wonderfully converted oue whom we have secured as teacher of the children. We were convinced of his sincerity before making the appointment. Anything but a decided Christian would be worse than useless. His wages for one year are $17 gold. I pay him this year's wages, as the people are building the church.

" About twenty families now observe the Lord's day, most of whom have family prayers, and all ask a blessing at meals. Over twenty take. part in prayer already. Several men and, strange to say, women, in spite of custom, visit the neighboring villages during leisure to make known the Gospel. Nor dQ they always come home encouraged. The men and women and boys meet of their own accord separately for singing, prayer, and exhortation. What a joy there is in seeing the hot tears of repentance flowing freely from the dark, hardened faces!

" Probably at the dedication of the new church several will be baptized. In this matter I do not wish to be overhasty. ' Christ sent me not to baptize, but to preach the Gospel.' Another missionary will examine them, as I have had so little experience.

" So many have been the tokens of the Lord's favor that we are assured He is with us. No Christian or friendly person has suffered from the war, while seventeen Japanese merchants and three Buddhist priests were murdered near by.

" I am now going on the eighth month since seeing a white face or speaking a word of English. I have not been a day sick. I find the native dress the best by far and cheapest, tho I am the only missionary who wears it.

" The country is all open and ready to listen to anything false or true. The Jesuits are busy, and the Japanese are pouring in Buddhist priests. And yet God's people are so slow. I have one province of nearly two millions to myself. 'The. harvest is great, the laborers few, pray ye therefore.' Over this troubled people Immanuel must reign."

In the midst of such zeal and success Mr. McKenzie was suddenly cut down. He had always realized that his greatest danger was not from Tong Hak nor lack of financial support. When the consul at Seoul refused him a passport on account of the disturbed state of the country, he started off without one. For financial support he looked to God, and more money flowed in than he needed; but he realized 1hat there was danger menacing him in fever and small-pox. In June the fever seized him, and in a few days" he was not." The last entry in his journal was, "I hope this is not death, for the sake of Korea and the many who will say it was my manner of living like the Koreans. It was imprudence on the part of myself traveling under the hot sun and sitting out at night till cold." .At his own request he was buried in a lot back of the new church.

Dr. Underwood, of Seoul, on hearing of his death went immediately to Sorrai. He found the community stricken with its great loss, fully realizing the sacrifice of the man who, like Christ, had died for them. Dr. Underwood dedicated the church, and baptized ten women and nine men who had been converted under Mr. McKenzie's ·teaching, and of whose intelligence and sincerity he had no doubt. Others applied for baptism, but were asked to wait a while longer. Dr. Underwood wrote, ., The Christian community at Sorrai is a bright spot in this dark land. It is like letters of gold in a frame of lead."

Thus a life of large promise was cut off just when, to human appearance, his greatest usefulness had only begun. The prayers of his friends for him seem to have miscarried; but faith assures us that all is well. Let us learn the lessons that come to us from his noble life, fill up the gaps that God is pleased to make in the ranks, and thrust forth more laborers into the white harvest fields. It is the hope and prayer of the late brother's friends in Nova Scotia that a worthy successor may be found to carry forward the work so well begun.

1896.J INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT

n.-INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT.

EDITED AND CONDUCTED BY REV. 1. T. GRACEY, D.D.

Miss Clara Barton on Relief in Ar- welcomed to your hospitable salon-are all there are, or have been of us in these menia. immense fields of destruction, desti- [Miss Clara Barton accompanies a tution, and desolation. Altho fully personal note to us with the following one half of all the funds we have reo report of progress to the headquarters ceived has inevitably gone for general of the Red Cross, Geneva, kindly trans- relief in the ordinary channels of food lated for us by herself. Extracts from and raiment, we have, nevertheless, this personal note containing additional aimed to make ours a special relief; information will be found under the taking up the two branches that no one caption" Our Mail Bag. "-J. T. G.] el.se was so familiar with, or so well CONSTANTINOPLE, 5 RUE MEZARLIK, adapted to taking in charge as our- June 20, 1896. selves-viz., the medical and the agri- cultural departments of relief. Few as Monsieur Gve. Moynier, President comite our numbers were, we had still with us de S8COUTS aUiiJ militaires blesses, Ge- our chosen leaders in scientific farm- neva. ing, in medical skill, and in finances.

MONSIEUR: Remembering our de- Dr. Hubbell and Mr. Pullman are hosts lightful reception at Geneva on our in themselves. Each assistant has taken.

way to this field of relief, then so his department, forming four distinct strange and unknown to us, it occurs expeditions in the field; taking at to me that in these later and more fa- first caravans of sup·plies over the miliar days a word of our progress may mountains of snow to the cities where not be without interest to you. I am the destruction has been greatest, and far from being able to give you any- through hundreds of villages where no thing like a report, for we are only in human visitor had reached since the the midfield of our labors; indeed, by fire and sword passed over them months what is needed to be done only along before.

the lines of saving life in the present, They now no longer need caravans and arresting starvation in the near nor supplies, as their method is to set future, we are only on the threshold of the people to work fabricating for require(l relief. It is not within the themselves what they need, making range of our most sanguine hopes that spinning-wheels, looms, providing cot- we shall be able to accomplish a moiety ton, the spinning of yarn for weaving, even of what common humanity would the weaving of cloth for garments, the demand; but such as we are able to do cutting and making of the garments, is always a comfort, and in the face of each person paid for his or her work, the whole world we work patiently on and when done the garments given to in the thought that altho thousands the destitute who cannot work and are perish, still a morsel is a morsel, and a not paid ; the manufacture of farming life is a life. You will understand, tools by the blacksmith for the culti- monsieur, that we have never made any vation of the land, as every implement allusion to the Red Cross in this coun· had been taken away or destroyed in try, not a signature, insignia, nor en· the terrible ravages; the iron is bought velope has ever been used by us ; we in the towns, and tools also, so far as have acted in the simple capacity of in· they exist; the blacksmith is paid for dividuals, as we were admitted by this his work, and the implements distrib- government. With the exception of uted in thousands among the farmers two gentlemen whom we called later, in the villages.

the little party-less one, which you As no cattle were left we are able to supply some thousands of oxen, pur- grapple with. In this condition we chasing them back from the marauding were prayed by them and the British tribes that drove them off, and will not ambassador, Sir Philip Ourrie, as well, return them without pay. to go to the relief of these stricken Our expeditions are nearly through cities. By telegram and post we se- with Harpoot Province proper, com- cured a corps of physicians from Bey- prising some three towns and villages, rout, who, after much delay and and will take new fields in all haste to trouble, succeeded in reaching Marash help the farmers to get the ground under military escort, ordered by the ready for the sowing of seed for the Porte, and on April 19th, after a jour- autumn's harvest. Unless this is done ney by sea and land of fourteen days, there can be only famine in store for weary and worn, their brave surgeon in them. Without some provision for this charge, Dr. Ira Harris, of Tripoli, him- as many will inevitably perish from self in an attack of malarial fever, took hunger in the winter and spring of 1896 up the work of these fearful fields of and 1897 as fell by the sword in 1895 fourfold contagion. Dr. Hubbell with and 1896. Thus it wiIl be seeu that his caravan of supplies had reached our agricultural relief is only in the there before them. A hundred a day middle of its progress; the lack of funds was the average mortality. Temporary will end it long before human sympa- hospitals were made, and so near fam- thy or good judgment would say ine were they that food had to be given enough. before medicines could be retained on A few words of our medical relief the stomach. But kindness, care, food, may interest you, as it has seemed an beds, and cleanliness brought rest and anomaly even to us, who went through hope. Against these and the treatment with the every-day drudgery and per- of skilled physicians even the deadly plexities of obtaining physicians, pro- fevers were no match and fled. For viding medicines, nourishments, funds, once evil was vanquished by good.

all accomplished by Turkish telegrams On May 24th Dr. Harris reported the and post a thousand miles away. You contagion overcome, and took his leave will recall that Zeitoun resisted, and with his band of physicians of the cities became a battle-field and camp. This that owed so much to them. The few generated disease, and in December and local doctors who had survived were January epidemics made their appear- , able to assume the charge of the con- ance. On February 22d we were in- valescents, While it is our pleasure to formed of the terrible state of things provide th" suitable nutrition.

that existed there, and as the thousands I consider the work of those physi- of fleeing refugees had overcrowded the cians and the success of that field as lit- town, they had been ordered to Marash, tle less than marvelous. Ten thousand carrying with them the pestilence that people iII of contagious epidemics, with reeked at.Zeitoun, until in these two a hundred deaths per day, to be in less cities there were estimated to be from· than two months brought on to their 8000 to 10,000 persons ill of typhoid, feet and counted again· in health, is typhus, small-pox, and dysentery. Of something I have not known in the con- the few native doctors, everyone was tagion-smitten cities of civilization.

down with fever; thus, this number Without this check one sees nothing of wretched starving people lay in the but the direct interposition of Provi- throes of agony and death, from the dence to have prevented this scourge clutches of these four terrible enemies. from running riot through the entire A few resident missionaries had stood interior of Asia Minor.

at their posts like martyrs, feeding the The seed was well sown for a harvest hungry so far as they could, but this of death.

oontagion was beyond their power to OLARA BARTON. How Best to Inculcate the Spirit of such considerations, I read with amaze- Mission~ in our Theologioal Semi- ment the following in THE MISSIONARY naries. REVIEW OF THE WORLD for the month of April, 1895: "Of the fifty-one semi- BY REV. ADAM MCCLELLAND, l).D., naries none had an individual chair on DUBUQUE, IOWA. missions. The actual status of com- This problem now presented for dis- prehensive scientific discipline on the cussion is no less important, practical, subject of missions is well illustrated and opportune than is its solution at· by the following case: One of the tended with many difficulties. large seminaries of the country is rec- At no time since the opening cen- ognized as a strong missionary semi- turies of our era has the subject of mis- nary in its church. The church is one sions so earnestly and generally en- which prides itself on the thorough gaged the attention of the Church as training of its ministry. Scarcely any now. The missionary zeal, activity, place could be found more suited to a and triumphs of our century must ever favorable test. In this seminary 48 of have a conspicuous place in history. the senior class were canvassed upon On the day of her birth the Christian the following questions: In what for- Church heard, in the sound of a rush- eign fields is our church at work?

ing, mighty wina, a power which Where did Robert Morrison work, and would sweep away all opposition to the what was the character of his work on Lord and His anointed, and she saw in the field? Where did Alexander Dull'

those tongues of fire what would warm work, and what was the character of cold, melt hard, and purify defiled his great work on the field? Where hearts; and so in the name of the tri- did William Cl1reywork, and what was une God she went forth, conquering his great work on the field? Of the 48, and to conquer. The like is repeated 28 failed on all the four questions, 34 in our day. A.t Pentecost, the little failed on the fields of the church, 45 stone which Daniel saw cut without failed on Morrison, 46 failed on Duff, hands began to move, and ever since and 28 failed on Carey. One man who has continued to move, till in our age canvassed 23 of his classmates kept an it has attained a momentum which is account of separate parts of the same irresistible in the overthrow of super- question. Of those 23, 20 could not stition, infidelity, tyranny, and what tell where Morrison labored, 19 could else withstands the reign of truth and not tell where Duff labored, and 10 righteousness. The decree of high were unable to tell in what country heaven has gone forth, "Overturn, Carey worked. No comment is neces- overturn, overturn, till He come whose sary concerning the need of missionary right it is to reign." The gift of Pente- instruction. "

cost in large measure is now upon the One might well pronounce the above Church, as seen in her earnest efforts statement incredible, were it not so well everywhere put forth for the winning supported in the definite and authorita- of men to the Christ, and the provi- tive report just quoted. Such state- dence of God ever and everywhere beck- ment gives emphasis to the practical ons her on to fresh victorIes. importance of the problem now under At such a time as this, when King consideration. In the prescribed limits Jesus, by His spirit and the loud and of thia paper we can only outline some freq uent calls of His providence, speaks of the more obvious ways whereby the to His Church that she go forward, in- spirit of missions can be best inculcated difference to missions is something alto- in our theological seminaries. We gether intoleraole, not to say criminal, shall, therefore, content ourselves with and apathy to His cause and command a few suggestions, in the hope that is downright disloyaJty. In view of others may elaborate and supplement them, and, above .all, that our semina- sure it is a correct one. 'No pains ries may reduce our words to deeds and should be spared to profoundly conembody our principles in practice. vince our young men that missions pay, that labor here brings its rich re- First, the solution of the problem ward, whether at home or abroad. must begin with the several faculties :.They should have indelibly impressed of our seminaries-i.e., if we would on their minds such considerations as ( best inculcate the spirit of missions in the following : our seminaries, all our professors must possess and exhibit an earnest, intelli- Missions have ever been the great gent, and whole·hearted interest in means for the extension of Christianity, Christian missions. with all its civilizing accompaniments and consequences. We cannot expect the stream to rise higher than its source. The proverb, They have been leaders in the work "Like priest, like people," may with- of geographical discovery and of comout any loss of truth assume another mercial enterprise, and this never more form, like professor, like pupil. One conspicuous than at present. professor in the faculty who is known to be half-hearted and indifferent con- They have elevated and united mancerning the subject of miSilions cannot kind by their doctrines of the fatherfail to have a most deleterious effect on hood of God, the common origin, ruin, the students. The greater his genius, redemption, responsibility, and inborn the broader his learning, and the more rights of man. pronounced his personality, the more injurious will be his influence in this They have greatly enlarged the department of Christian work. Such a sphere of human sympathy and develman is like the majestic iceberg. whose opment. presence chills all within its range even while they are delighted and astonished They have diminished human misery by its greatness. The missionary spirit by the blessings they impart. and by is an essential qualification for a good removing or abating many causes of minister of Jesus Christ, and much individual and social evil. And this more in him whose special work is the Christian missions effect not only ditraining of young men for that holy rectly upon the communities immedi- ately under the benign influence of miscalling. r do not hesitate to affirm sionary labors, but also indirectly by warning off such ills from Christian that however great and numerous may lands whither, but for Christian civilIbe the qualifications of a professor, if zation, they should have gone. he is lacking in the spirit of missions, this single defect renders him unfit for Not till the whole world shall have the professorial chair in any of our learned to practise the lessons of Chrisseminaries. Let every faculty be com- tian science will Christian lands be posed of men whose hearts are aglow freed from such calamities as the black with the spirit of missions, and we shall death, cholcra, and like destructive Eoon find all our seminaries on fire with visitors, whose birthplace is the unmissionary fervor. christianized regions of our world. So long as a single tribe remains without Again, if we would best inculcate the the Gospel, there will be a plague spot, spirit of missions in our seminaries, we which in some way will prove a menmust convince our students of the great ace to the rest of mankind. Little did utility of missions. We live in a utili- ancient Christendom think that in negtarian age-an age when principles and lecting to evangelize barren, despised methods are tested by results. This is Arabia, she was preparing for herself the most terrible and destructive enemy well; we would not have it otherwise. " By their fruits shall ye know them," she has ever known. Christian Syria ~!'I the Master's rule, and we may be and Egypt forgot to labor for the Ral- vation of their neighboring pagans, and they paid sore for their terrible sin of without good reason that almost every omission. Here, as in 80 many other science and educational institution pro- things, history may be expected to re- vide themselves with museums for the peat itself. illustration and inculcation of their Our students for the ministry should principles. No field is more inviting be deeply impressed with this solemn and none richer in materials for such thought, that to neglect missions is to museums than our Christian missions.

disregard the last command of our all- My fourth reply to the question now cending Lord, and to part company under consideration is one to which I with the goodly fellowship of the apos- invite the calm, earnest, and favorable tles and other holy workers, who consideration of all the faculties of our thought not their lives dear to them seminaries. I am convinced that a that they might win men to Ohrist. due and unprejudiced examination of Without the missionary spirit they will the interests involved will lead to its be out of touch with the heart of the acceptance with possible modifications.

Master, who was the greatest of all for- That concerted action of some sort in a eign, as He was the most indefatigable matter of such grave importance to our of home missionaries. With good rea- rising ministry, to our Church, and son therefore Be is called" the apostle especially to the cause of missions is of our profession" (Beb. 3: i)-i.e., every way desirable goes without say- the missionary of Christianity, by way ing on the general principle that union of eminence. Our students for the is power, and from further considera- ministry must lay to heart such con- tion that such plan, being the result of siderations as the above. The special combined experience and retlection, calls of Providence, the voice of the would be more likely to present greater Spirit as heard throughout the entire variety and completeness and to secure Church, and their own personal prepa- more general approval than if left to the ration for the pastoral office in pulpit independent arrangement of each sem· and parish should impress upon them inary.

the necessity of a large measure of the Whether there should be formed a missionary spirit, which more than any missionary union of all our seminaries, other one thing is the characteristic and with its constitution, time, and place of glory of the Church of our age. meeting, I will leave to others to de- Third. I would suggest as the third termine. Aside from this, we suggest means for the inculcation of the mis- the following as most likely to promote sionary spirit in our seminaries the es- the spirit of missions in all our semina- tablishment and maintenance in each of ries.

a missionary museum. Such museum Our suggestion in brief is this: Let should be selected with great care, and one day of each month in our seminsry its creators should consider quality year be set apart by all our seminaries rather than quantity in their collection and wholly devoted to missions. Let of objects of interest. each chair so arrange its lecture on Bible and experience alike prove that that day as to have for its theme the concrete has many advantages over some topic properly pertaining to tbe the merely abstract in informing the chair which shall have special bearing mind and impressing the heart. None on missions-e.g., the chair of syste- of us abandoned the underlying prin- matic theology might lecture on the in- ciple of kIndergarten when we entered carnation as related to missions, or each on our manhood. The eye affects the of the mediatorial offices or the work and heart, and often a single touch or view promise of the Holy Spirit as so related.

may, like Moses' rod, evoke streams of In like manner the chair on church refreshIng thought that shall follow us polity mIght find rich and varied sub- to the very Jordan itself. It Is not jects for missionary lectures on that day-e.g., the true ideal ot the Christian sameness. 3. Such convergence of Church as a divinely appointed mis- different pencils of light in a single sionary organization, the several causes focus would be likely to intenSify inof the Church's failure in her mis- terest by the free exercise of the soul sions arising from false views of her in the concentration of its diverse powfunctions, polity, or sacraments, etc. ers. The chair of Hebrew literature and exegesis might well assign for such The seminary missionary day should missionary day the glorious missionary close in a grand rally of faculty and anticipations so numerous in the Psalms, students in a missionary concert of and other prophetic portions of the He- prayer, topic to be that laid down for brew Scriptures. To me no line of such service by General Assembly. Christian apol{)getics is so attractive, Each seminary should arrange the hour and few more convincing than the of such monthly concert, so that all grand ideals of our earth and our race, such prayer-meetings should be exactly as portrayed in these beautiful and at the same time in all our seminaries, soul-inspiring predictions. I can think such time not to be that of each particuof no exercise more profitable or more lar locality, but all to be so arranged as suitable for missionary day than such to be actually simultaneous. study of the ancient seers ot Israel. To none of our chairs does the subject My fifth and last answer in the soluof missions appear more closely con- tion of the problem merits attention, as nected than to the chair of Church his- it presents a stimulus for thought and tory. This chair might well look for- unity among our stUdents on the subward to missionary day as its red-letter ject of missions. It is in brief this : day, for of all the delightful resorts to Let a committee arrange with our which the teacher of Church history Church papers to appropriate a given conducts his disciples none are more space each month to one of our semipleasing than the broad, green, and naries in such order as the seminaries fruitful fields of missions. AU down shall arrange among themsel ves. It the centuries, on continents or islands, shall be the duty of each seminary to among polished Greeks or rudest sav- provide its missionary intelligence or ages, the missionary's pathway ever article in accord with the order agreed leads to scenes Of surpassing interest. on among the seminaries and the differ- ent Church papers, all or one as shall We offer in support of such plan the be determined. following considerations: 1. By this plan, during the usual three years' the- In this way our seminaries would be ological course, each chair would be in touch with the life and thought of able to give twenty-four lectures to our Church, and our students would be the all-important subject of missions, trained for their future work as leaders and that, too, without loss of time from in the canse of missions. any of the several departments of instruction. Hereby a very serious diffi- To sum up the above, we have called culty now generally felt would be re- attention to the importance both to the moved or reduced to a minimum. 2. By Church and to our seminaries of the this plan the great subject of missions live prohlem, "How best to inculcate would be presented in an orderly and the spirit of missions in our seminaries;" thorough manner, from almost every we have suggested five means whereby point of view, and thus aU our students this problem can be in great measure would become conversant with the va- solved; we have insisted on the thought rious aspects of the subject, as seen that the first movement toward the sounder different angles of vision, and lution must begin with the different this without that ennui incident to professors and faculties; it must next engage the attention of each ,student_ We havtl suggested the value of a mis- sionary museum as helpful to this solution ; we have especially advocated one the preaching services is less than half great missionary day in all our semina- the membership of the church. A few ries, whereon every chair devote itself, of the leading pastors have heen carin its own special department, to the ried away by these rationalistic thegreat theme of missions, and the semi- ories, and many among the pastors and naries shall close in one hour's concert, evangelists are discouraged, and some to be lJeld at the same exact time, and of them have given up the ministry. we have closed with the suggestion Low views of the Bible and Unitarian that each seminary have its space in its views of Christ are too common. Then, appointed turn in one or more of our there is a disposition in some quarters Church papers. And all this with the to fellowship everything and everybody deep conviction that some such plain which calls itself Christian, even those will best inculcate the spirit of missions who doubt the existence of a personal in our seminaries. God and the immortality of the soul. "These are simply theological ques- Japan, its Dangers and its Needs, tions and unimportant," they say. The indefinite ideas of love to God and love BY REV. J. D. DAVIS, D.D., KYOTO. to man are made the only tests of fel- lowship. There are many dangers here in J apan. An overweening confidence in This condition is by no means uniherself as the result of the victories of versal in reference to all its categories, t,he recent war; hostility to foreigners but it represents the condition of the as the result of foreign interference rationalistic wing of the Church in Jawith the results of the war ; expending pan, and it affects the whole Church, most of the energy and resources of the more or less, for when one of the memempire during the next ten years on bers of the body suffers, all suffer with armies and armament; and persisting in a system of education which has no it. adequate moral basis. What, then, is the need? 1. A spiritual quickening; a baptism I wish, however, to speak of a danger which hangs over the infant Church of of the Holy Spirit, which shall revive Japan and its necds. 'fhe cducated the whole Church, quicken anew all mind in Japan is steeped in pantheism our hearts, and awake as from the dead or in a worse materialism. There has some who sleep. existed no word in the language for person or personality_It is difficult to 2. A conviction of the importance of get students to grasp clearly the idea making belief in a personal God, in imof the personality of God or that of mortality, and in a Divine Christ essentheir own personality. A man who has tial to admission to the Church and to been a student of theology for three fellowship in the Gospel. years and an earnest Christian worker read an essay on sin the other day, in 3. Such a conviction of the worth of which he argued that there is no soul forty millions of unsaved souls, as shall in man. only a part of God which in- cause all the workers here, Japanese habits the body, and at death returns and foreign, to forget their differences, to and is absorbed in God again, as a cease the discussion of theories and the· drop of water taken from a lake returns ologies, and preach and live Christ and to the lake again. Him crucified with such earnestness as shall lead these millions to feel their Western rationalism, with all its crudi- need, repent of sin, and accept Christ ties, has come into a soil here which was as their Savior. fully prepared for it. It has chilled the church and made it unfruitful. In There are many encouraging signs of many cases the average att6ndance at such a revival here. There is a general seeking in prayer for such a blessing on the part of the Japanese and foreign workers. The chilling effect of rationalistic discussion is realized, and a re- and religious movements of this coun· turn to an earnest preaching of the Gos- try, said that they never saw a series of pel is generally manifest. Pray for meetings with such overflowing houses Japan. and greater enthusiasm from the first session to the last. This Congress Addresses of the Oongress on Africa. marked a new era in the history of the American negro, one of deep vital in- This book, rightly entitled " Africa terest in the evangelization of his fa- and the American Negro,"* contains therland. This is the very object for fresh and reliable information on the which the Stewart Missionary Foundasubjects treated. African exploration, tion, under which the Congress was native peoples, languages, and relig· held, stands. These results were not ion, aud the opportunity, means for an accident. They had an adequate the promotion and the progress of civ· cause in the series of remarkably strong ilization and of Ohristian missions are addresses by some of the ablest Afri- .set forth by some of the best authorities canists and most experienced students on these topics. The industrial, intel- of the American negro. These adlectual, moral, and spiritual progress dresses are all published except one, of the American negroes is a prophecy, and even of this an extensive summary both of what they will become and will by the author is given. Portions of do for the redemption of their father- some of the addresses which were omitland, and also of what the native Afri- ted. for lack of time in the reading becan is capable of becoming. These are fore the Congress are published. Betreated by some of the leaders who have sides a summary of some of the evening given their life work to the evangeliza- lectures and the minutes of the Contion and Christian education of the gress, three important papers which American negro. were not read and a list of Bible trans- lations and of missions are included in In many public discussions, both on the book. It is thus a very full record the platform and in the press, Africa of one of the most notable events of the and the negro have been considered closing years of this century, and besolely or mainly by the Anglo-Saxon. comes a necessity to every public or The negro has not boen heard enough private library which is designed to be in his own cause and in that of his fa- well furnished on these topics. therland. Nearly one half of those giving the addresses at this Congress Space does not allow us to give even were representative negroes, including a list of the titles of the addresses. some of the most highly educated and With scarcely an exception each address cultured leaders of the race and two was excellent for its purpose, and any native Africans. Their addresses were selection for mention here must be simas able and eloquent as any given. ply representative of the whole twenty- six addresses. This Congress on Africa was one of the notable events of recent years. " Some Results of the African Move- The Atlanta Con8titution said of it: ment," by Mr. C. C. Adams, one of the "Atlanta has had many gatherings editors of the New York Sun, gives one during the Exposition, but none will of the best discussions accessible on the carry with it greater significance and most important results in the civilizabe received with deeper interest." tion of Africa. Mr. Reli Chatelain's .. A Bird's-eye View of African Tribes Men of wide experience, reaching and;Languages," and his "African over half It century, in the great moral Slavery: its Status, the Anti-slavery Movement in Europe," give the results *" Africa and the American Negro." Ad- to date of investigations by one of the highest authorities on these important dresses and proceedings of the Congress on Africa. Published by Gammon Theological Sem- inary, Atlanta, Ga. topics, Mr. 0, Faduma's "Religious by Dr. Bowen, the Secretary of the Beliefs of the Yoruba People," and his Congress, who has edited the whole " Success and Drawbacks of Missionary volume; and the introduction is by Work in Africa," give the excellent Bishop Joyce, who presided so admira· views of one of the most highly edu- bly over many of its sessions.

cated and broadly cultured natives con- cerning missionary work. Bishop Hart- From Our Mail Bag. zell's paper on "The Division of the Dark Continent" is a very full and Weare constrained to let others share clear presentation of the political par- the following extracts from a purely tition of Africa by European nations. personal letter from our old and dear Mr. Frederic Perry Noble, Secretary friend, Miss Clara Barton, tho it wa~ World's Congress on Africa at the Co- not intended to be given to the public. lumbian Exposition, has an important It was written from Constantinople, summary of " Outlook for African Mis- June 20th, 1S96.-J. T. G.

sions in the Twentieth Century." "It is often in my thoughts and "Health Conditions and Hygiene in heart's desire to write you and tell you Central Africa," by R. W. Felkin, M.D., F.R.S.E., F.R.G.S., etc., is of something of the life, work, and progthe highest authority. The addresses ress of this wandering band of pilgrims of Dr. A. Crummell and by Dr~ J. Tyler give the matured views of mis- before it shall have folded its tents and sionaries of twenty and forty years', re- made for the world of civilization. But spectively, continuous experience in the work. Bishop Taylor's paper on there is so little time aside from the ab- " Self-Supporting Missions in Africa" solutely occupied moments that I am is an excellent presentation of his work. "The American Negro in the 'rwenti- driven to all kinds of 'shifts' to get my eth Century" and "The Negro in his good intentions worked into any kind Relation to the Church," by Mr. H. K. of realization. Behold f here is one of Carroll, are of unusual authority, as them. they are by the superintendent of the United States census of churches. The " I have just run off a kind of midway addresses of Dr. J. W. E. Bowen, on " Comparative Status of the Negro at informal report to M. Moynier, of the the Close of the War and To-day," and that of Dr. J. W. Hamilton, on" Oc- International Committee of the Red cult Africa," are toWo of the strongest Cross, thinking he might like some in facts and statement, and two of the notes, or the entire, for his next quartermost eloquent utterances on the environment and achievements of the ly issue. As this would be in French, American negro. One of tbese is by a and circulate only among the foreign societies, not a word of it would ever reach America; and it seemed to me that it contained information that the people-I mean the 1'eading and think- ing people-might like to have, and I have directed another copy to be made to send to you, thinking you might make a medinm for it. You will get from the article all the most reliable infor- mation I have to give, or that it is wise or safe for me to give. I will only add that we are well. A dispatch from Dr. Hubbell yesterday, in Turkislt, of course, was as follows; negro and one by an Anglo-Saxon. " , ARABKIR. June 10, 1896. The addresses and papers of Dr. Addi- '" BARTON: Mr. Wood has received son, Dr. J. H. Smyth, Mrs. ~I. French- your telegram. He will go to Drarliikar Sheldon, Miss Boldel'lless, Miss Bacon, next week. Wistar is in Harpoot. Lem· Bishop Turner, Mr. Fortune, Dr. Ham- mi is buying cattle in Arabkir. We remond, Dr. Rust, and Dr. Roy present turn to Barpoot in ten days; afterward much valuable material. The lists of will go to Malatia. Typhus is diminish- Bible translations into the African lan- ing from day to day. We telegraphed you on the 16th and sent a telegram and letter on the 26th. All well.'

gUILges, and that ot missions alphabeti· "I send this to show you how even cally arranged are very valuable. The our most ordinary business has to be minutes of the daily sessions are given carried on. "I have called my force from the nected with the school, and in supervis- field, to be here as soon as possible; but ing the Bible women. " they are nearly a month away at best, and, as you see, they have in their 4. Which is the more important, the minds something to do before leaving; educational or the evangelistic work? but the field has been long and hara, and I feel that I ought to draw them off. "Both are 'more important.' You might as well &sk which leg is more " I feel like sending this Red Cross important, the right or the left. The paper to you because you are in reality educational work needs the evangelistic Red Cross people, and it seems fitting for its support, if real success is to be atthat you should handle it. And it is tained, and the latter cannot live witheminently fitting that any information out the former." that goes out from the land of these Christian missionary martyrs-for such 5. Which are easier to reach, children they seem to me in their nobleness and or adults? self-sacrifice, their fortitude, patience, and forbearance-should go to you who " The young are naturally far easier years ago lived the very lives they to reach than the adults; children are not are living, and know so well how to born heathens-t.hey are made so by appreciate their labors, their trials, and education. There is doubtless truth in their value. . . the idea that religion to some degree be- comes fired in the blood of the race; " CLARA BARTON." but there would be little difficulty in making Chri~tians of all the children if Rev. David S. Spencer, of Nagoya, we could get them into schools and sends us his brief answers to a series of homes under our own control. And the questions sent to him by friends in impressions made in youth last. Com- America: paratively few of the adults become Christians. The hope of the Chlll'ch in 1. Have you the" rum fiend" to con- heathen lands is with the young. This tend with in your work? in no way discounts the power of God."

"Yes; and the shipments of rum 6. When the heathen are converted, from Christian bnds to this form the do they stick, or are they apt to lapse worst element in that battle. Native into the old faith? sake, a fermented liquor brewed from "I believe that, when once convertrice, is intoxicating, but is by no ed, their stability will compare favormeans so violent in its e/l'ects as the ably with converts in Christian lands. foreign damnable stuffs brought in by But in non-Christian lands it is impos- sible that only converted ones shoulrl be. foreign merchants. Rum shops may taken into the Church. Doubtless many be found in every city, town, and vil- are taken into full membership before they are converted. Some have become lage, no special license being required helpers and preachers before really befor the sale of spirits over that of otheI coming converted so that they knew it. goods. Rum does its awful work here But they have cut loose from heathen- ism, have been baptized, and the die as in other lands." with them is cast. In head and thought 2. Have you a large number of Jap- they are Christ·ian. They have 'the form thereof,' but have perhaps not yet anese converts yet? known 'the power thereof.' Time seems to be with many a necessary element." " About 335 in my district, and about 4100 in our Church in Japan. There are A letter from Hev. Dr. McGilvary, some other Christians in this district " the apostle to the Laos," from Chung- mai, May 8th, says: "Of course we besides those counected with our cannot tell what may be iu the future; Church, and in all Japan there are some but it is hardly likely that I will visit the United States again. Should I go 40,000 Protestant communicants, 22,500 again, I fear I would hardly be worth Greek Christiaus, and the Roman Catho- sending back, and I wish to gu home from the Laos land, to which I have lic Church claims 50,000." given my life, and from among our dear Laos Uhristialls. . . . JHy last long 3. How many foreigners have you to tour was mainly to select a new station help you? in the north, the second established since ollr meeting in 1894. So YOIl see " In this district of 3,500,000 people we are still expanding, and hope to do so till this whole field shall be occupied I am the only male representative of and Christianized." our Church. We have two ladies con-

FIELD OF MONTHLY SURVEY

lII.-FIELD OF MONTHLY SURVEY.

BY DEL..v.u< L. PIElISON.

Ja.pan," Korea,t Medical Missions.+ PROGRESS IN JAPAN. The number of religious or semi-re- ligious organizations, formed under the It is probable that there has never auspices of various missions as a rule been a civilized nation more open to the is extraordiniuily great for such a com: acceptation of anything new that they paratively new field, and the number of find to bl] good. than the Japanese. The Christian publications in Japanese, revision of the treaty with England hav- daily, weekly, monthly, and quarterly, ing recognized them on the footing of is legion. These number, including a a ci vilized people, one of the causes few Roman and Greek Church publicawhich has for years operated to the ti~ns, six weekly, two fortnightly, prejudice of Christianity-the feeling thIrty.five monthly, one bi-monthly, that they were looked down upon, and and one quarterly periodicals. There were not trusted by their would-be are in addition to a local foreign misteachers-has been removed. Their sionary society, now commencing work success in war, on account of methods in Korea and Formosa, a goodly array learned from foreigners, is likely to rec· of Y. M. C_ A. 's Christian Endeavor ommend to them whatever else the for- Societies, a W. C. T_ U., and other temeigner may teach. perance societies; a flourishing Scrip- ture Reading Union, Police MiSSion, There are now 365 local Protestant Postmen's Mission, Prison Mission churches in Japan, to 72,039 Buddhist Railway Mission, the Salvation Army: temples, or almost exactly 1 to 200.

".'….ro 6b'~ oQ;f~ 'd'; .e. and other kindred agencies. But most ,,~ of these are still in their infancy, and ..:; little more than nuclei for further de- 0;:: Denomination of ..-…"-"'0 :>g"~'''~' velopment. Large and well-equipped Missions . ..:<,:v.:50W3 general and theological schools are at- Zo~ o f0;;('."~ Z~~ tached t'o nearly all of the missions, and 0 Z§ ;:;1 P-<>'1 ;:;1 CI1 – —- 8 Presbyterian§..•….. 138 158 12,000 little is lacking in the way of machinery 5 EPisco~al.. ………. 91 190 6.000 5 Metho ist…•….. ,. 169 2-31 7,000 or organization_ 4 Baptist. …. …..••. 70 92 2,000 Yet with all that has been accom- 1 Con,gregational…… B8 13:3 11,000 7 IvarlOUS……. •….. 51;1 38 1,000 plished, the mass of the people has not Total…. ..•…… 1,132 842 39,000 yet been touched, and a large majority is still ignorant of the Mission of Jesus * See also pp. 46, 55 (January). 81 (February) Christ. Hitherto one great difficulty 219 (March), 52!, 53J (July). 62:3 (August), 650,691 has been the restriction of the residences (present issue). New Book.: .. Diary of a Japan- of the missionaries to treaty ports, unes~ Convert," Kranzo Uckemura; •. Kororo- less in the employ of natives. In fu- ture, however, under the revised trea- Hmts a~n~daErnc.hoes of Japanese Inner Life" Laf- ties, greater facilities will be afforded, cadio Recent Articles: "Japanese which will mean greater responsibilities Women, Midland Monthly (January), .. Japan. for work. e~e Folk·Lore," Lfppincott's (January); "Ethical I,'fe and ConceptlOns of Japan," International At one Hme there seemed promise that JOU1'nq( Of Ethws (February) ; "The Police of the whole nation would speedily accept Japan, Sunday At Home (March)' .. Prison the Gospel, and every little indication Reform in Japan," Mis8ionar'l HerOld (.July) . was exaggerated in expectant minds. Ohurch at Home ana Abroad (September) . (Jos: Then came the reaction of disappoint- WI in Ali Lands (September). ' ment, as it was found that tho the Jap- t See also pp.• 63 (January). 446, 460 (June); anese were ready enough to accept the 6.'i4, 680 (present Issue). Recent Articles' Iiorean Repositor?! (Monthly); Oh?1Tch at Home and . + Abroad (August). Seealsopp. 59 (January), 657, 664, 670 (present Issue). Recent Articles: See Madical Mis,ion Record and Medical Missiona at H()'(JJ,e and Abroad (Monthly).

§ These arc collectively designated as" The Church of Christ in Japan." general outlines of Christian teaching, After two years' labor among the they could only with the utmost diffi- desperate characters in the prisons of culty be imbued with any idea of their Japan, the following reforms have been sinful state, and that to bring them to effected, through the efforts of native understand the need of a second birth Christians laboring in behalf of the pris- was a superhuman task. But the Bibles oners: are spreading steadily far and wide, and 1. MoraZ imt1"U()tion by a lecture on there are few towns of any !ize without Sunday to all the prisoners, attendance their tract depots. being compUlsory. Distinctively Chris- Among the women a great lind last- tian teaching is not brought into this ing work has been accomplished; they address, as among the prisoners are Bud- have the advantage of almost as dhists, Shintoists, and Confucianists.

great liberty as in America and Eng- Religious freedom is guaranteed to all.

land. 2. Religious Imtruction on tM Sun- Any attempt to ascertain the cause of day.-The study of the Bible and ex- the progress of Japan and her superior- planation of Christian truth for an hour ity over China in lb.e indust.ries of peace succeeding the moral lecture, attend- and the energies of war must be inade- ance upon which is voluntary.

quate that does not take largely into ac- 3. DaiZy Imtruction in tM (JeZZ8.- count the influence of Christian mis- This instruction is either moral or relig- sions. Nothing but gross ignorance or ious.

invincible bigotry can lead anyone to 4. IndividuaZ Imtruction.-Meeting overlook this aspect of the subject. the men privately for personal advice.

They who do not know what they are 5. EducationaZ imt1"U()tion to those talking about still say that missionaries who need it.

have made no impression in heathen- As the direct results of the preaching dom except upon a relatively small frac- of the Gospel by these two brathren, tion of the lower orders of mankind. Mr. Tomeoka and Taneakera Hara, out They who speak from knowledge say of 1506 prisoners 510 are studying the that Christian ideas have already per- Bible in one of the four great prisons meated the institutions and populations in the Hokkaido. Besides this, there is of Japan to such an extent that, from a large band of praying men. The the Mikado to the humblest laborer at radical change wrought in these Japan- four cents a day, there is no man in the ese criminals has greatly impressed those island empire who does not directly or who have witnessed it. According to indirectly feel the influence of the relig- the testimony of their teachers, they are ion of Jesus Christ, if not as a spiritual " an example to believers…

force, at least as a creative energy in politics, industry, and learning. Statis- tics never can do more than dimly shad- of The Seven Wonders Korea. ow forth the truth of such a matter.

Yet statistics prove that already the According to a Chinese authority, faith of the missionaries has found mul- Korea, like the world of the ancients, tiplied thousands of joyful adherents, has its .. seven wonders." Briefly stat- that the mission schools are edueating ed, they are as follows: First, a hot tens of thousands of Japanese youth, mineral spring near Kin Shanta, the that missionary literature is scattered healing properties of which are believed broadcast over the fertile field, and that by the people to be miraculous. No in all the native professions, in the ranks matter what disease may affiict the pa- of the wealthy and powerful, and in aU tient, a dip in the water proves effica- departments of the Government, Chris- cious. The second wonder is two tianity is deeply intrenched. springs situated at a considerable distance from each other, in fact, they have 3. It is human nature to put confi- the breadth of the entire peninsula be- dence in the physician. The more igno- tween them. They have two peculiari- rant the patient the more supernatural ties-when one is full the other is al· do the abilities of the physician seem. ways empty; and, notwithstanding the Because of the blind reverence of the fact that they are connected by a subter- heathen for the doctor, the medical mis- ranean passage, one is bitter and the other sionary has a great advantage. pure and sweet. The third wonder is a cold wave cave-a cavern from which 4. Frequently the best time to convert a wintry wind perpetually blows. The the soul to Christ is in adversity; in force of the wind from the cave is such sickness, on nearing death. Who can that a strong man cannot stand before do this work better than a Christian it. A forest that cannot be eradicated physician in foreign primitive life ? is the fourth wonder. No matter what injury is done to the roots of the trees, 5. The medical missionary, because which are large pines, they will sprout of his knowledge that disease is the re- up again directly, like the phamix sult of sin. and that much of sin is caused from her ashes. The fifth is the most by the perversion of laws, can better wonderful of all. It is the famous than any other man convince the hea- "floating stone." It stands, or seems then of this truth and readily discover to stand, in front of the palace erected the true remedy. in its honor. It is an irregular cube of great bulk. It appears to be resting on 6. The body and soul are intimately the ground, free from supports on all associated, one dependent upon another. sides; but, strange to say, two men at The medical missionary who considers opposite ends of a rope may pass it them 80 related succeeds better in his under the stone without encountering work than one who regards the body any obstacle whatever. The sixth won- and soul as distinct one from the other. der is the "hot stone," which, from remote ages, has lain glowing with heat 7. The missionary, in traveling on the top of a high hill. The seventh through filth and among dangerous and last Korean wonder is a drop of the diseases in foreign lands, needs'a knowlsweat of Buddha. For thirty paces edge of medicine for self-protection. around the temple in which it is en- 'shrined not a blade of grass will grow. 8. The medical missionary is often There are no trees or flowers inside the wholly or in part supported by the gifts sacred square. Even the animals de- of grateful patients. This condition of cline to profa,ne a spot so holy.-New self-support of the missionary is an item yO"'~ Ohristian Advocate. of importance in missionary work.

Ten Reasons for Medical Missionaries in 9. While there are many native" so· called doctors" among heathen nations, foreign Work. there is only 1 enlightened physician to every 3,000,000 inhabitants. (In the 1. The hetter a missionary is equipped United States there is 1 physician to in all departments of work the better every 540 inhabitants.) his success; lence a knowledge of medicine is II benefit. The sending out of more medical missionaries is worthy of the deepest 2. Medicine has been found to be the consideration, because these native docbest means of brea.king through preju- tors, through their ignorance. superstidices, plowing down old customs, and tion, and barbarity, practise untold opening the doors into the homes of the cruelties. ignorant classes. 10. We should ever try to follow closely the footsteps of the Savior. He sent out 82 men, and to all of them gave this command : .. Heal the sick and say unto them, 'The kingdom of God is come nigh unto you.' "-Selected.

EDITORIAL DEPARTMEl'!T

IV.-EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT.

What a grand result in our lives students at Bangor: "In hitting the would be secured if we should seek nail on the head, be careful not to drive honestly to live every day as in view the spike so as to split the plank." of eternity! Here is a solemn, brief, last epistle frum one of the best beloved of Again: .. The spurt of the spiggot is saints. une hour before death these never higher than the water in the words were written, :March 29th, 1891 : cask, unless there is a pressure of gas."

" I write finally,' I know I can never L!lt critics of missions read Dr. Hamsee you again. I give up my pulpit, lin's story or Avederanagan Miapanoo- I bid good-by to all. God is with me. tiune (Evangelical Union) at Constanti- nople. It was a secret body of twenty- .. Yours faithfully, two. If known, every member would have been in prison or exile. It was a "HOWARD CROSBY." church, in fact, having regular meet- ings and a secretary, and the members Here are some nuggets from Cyrus individually had correspondence with Hamlin's" Life and Times," published enlightened men all over the empire, by the Congregational Publishing and the letters received were read at House, a book of which we have the meetings and lodged with the secmore to say hereafter: retary. The leader was Hohannes Der Sahakian, and the signs of the waking Cyrus Hamlin, ten or eleven years up of the old church all over the emold, had seven cents given him by his pire were marvellous. And yet Dr. mother when going to celebrate muster- Edward Robinson, who had just been day. The money was for gingerbread, there, went home and reported at the buns, etc. "Perhaps, Cyrus," said board rooms that the Constantinople she, "you will put a cent or two into missionaries were doing nothing at all the missionary contribution-box at Mrs. worth the cost. "It takes a great man Farrar's." As he trudged along he to be a great fool," adds Dr. Hamlin. began to ask, "Shall I drop in one cent or two? I wish she had not said At the time of the cxile of Mesrobc one or two." He deoided on two. Taliatine and the protest of the mis- Then conscience said, "What, five sionaries, the Russian ambassador Boucents for your stomach and two for the tineff replied: "The Emperor of Rusheathen! five for gingerbread and two sia, my master, will never allow Protfor souls!" So he said four for ginger- estantism to set foot in Turkey." Dr. bread and three for souls. But pres- Schaufiler calmly replied: " Your Exently he felt it must be threc for gin- cellency, the kingdom of Christ, who gerbread and four for souls. When he is my Master, will never ask the Emcame to the box he dumped in the peror of all the Russias where it may whole seven, to have no more bother set its foot." Russia's measures have about it. When he went home, hun- proved a boomerang, smiting her on gry as a bear, he explained to his moth- her face. er his unreasonable hunger; and, smiling through tears, she gave him a royal Armcnian Fund acknowledgments: bowl of bread and milk_ And he patheticallyasks, " What was the mean- Conservatory of Music MS., Cincinnati .••$15.00 ing of motller'8 teat·s?" Junior Y. P. S. C. E., San Jose, Cal…… .75 Rev. E. J. Werner, Gotha, Minn……. ….. 1.50 Cyrus Hamlin was another example Lucy H. Akin, Joliet, 111. ……………… 5.00 of man's proposing and God's dispos- Rogers Park Fund, TIl.. .. .. . . .. …… .. .. 10.00 ing. He chose Africa and afterward China, but went to Turkey as his field Books Notioed, of labor. From Revell & Co. we have" The Professor Shepperd used to say to Diary of a Japanese Convert," by Kan- 7.0 Uchimura. It is very highly com- Bohemians, Poles, Hungarians, and mended by President Charles F. Thwing Magyars. The actual receipts during and Dr. J. D. Davis. Personally we the year were greater than any previous have not found it equal to the high ex- year. This includes special contribu- pectations we had formed of it. It is tions for the General O. O. Howard unduly verbose and too self-conscious, Roll of Honor."

and has the typical faults of a Japanese biography. But as a revelation of the We are glad to copy and commend process whereby a Japanese Buddhist this.-A. T. P.

finds his way to Christ, and incidentally HEALTH FOR MISSIONARIES AND IN· as an unveiling of the unsatisfying na- VALIDS AT HOME. ture of the best and purest of heathen Once more 1 say, cut this out. It systems, it will prove of interest to a may save your life. All diseases come wide circle of readers. It is a unique from impurity in the system. If the book. no other of its sort being to our blood is kept pure a person cannot get knowledge in the market. sick, for the white blood corpuscles eat all disease germs. Do you tllink that medicines which will make a welt man The life of the sainted Adoniram sick can make a sick man well? 1m· purity gets into the system by what you Judson Gordon, by his accomplished eat, drink, or breathe. The manner of son, Ernest B. Gordon, is issued also eating, breathing and dressing, as well by F_ H. Revell Co. And it is enough as sleep, work, worry, and bathing affects the health. to 'say that it is not unworthy of the If you are sick and are not quite cer· subject, a man who, on the whole, sur· tain what to do, do this: 1. With a passed for combination of many beauti· common syringe wash out the bowels every other day with an injection of one ful traits any other man America has to three quarts of plain, hot water. produced in this generation. This This is good in all diseases and helps book will have a far more extended the bowels, stomach, liver, kidneys, notice in these pages in days to come. nerves and every organ in the body. 2. Give a quick, hot sponge bath daily. Meanwhile, let every lover of Christ and missions read it. This is good in all diseases, even if there is fever. The skin pores being kept open, helps to quickly purify the sys- tem. 3. Allow the patient to eat noth- Referring to the editorial note on ing for twenty·four to forty.eight hours, page 538 of the July REVIEW, touching drinking water when hungry. This is the Congregational Rome Missionary a great help to cure all diseases. Every animal, when sick, will not eat. Fast- Society. Rev. Washington Choate, one ing a little will save many a doctor bilL of its secretaries, calls attention to some 4. Keep the windows open a little day errors and asks a correction thereof. He a.nd night. Pure air alone cures many diseases, and helps all. Night air is as says: go~d as day air in all ordinary climates. " The receipts of this society, as re- 5. Keep the hands and feet hot and the ported at its seventieth anniversary iu head coo1. 6. If the patient has fever, New Haven, June 2d-4th, were $777,- sponge with cool water over the back, chest, and abdomen. If the fever is 747, instead of $148,973, as given in the REVIEW. The number of home mis- high, sponge with cold water down the spine till the fever is reduced. 7. When sionaries aided by this society during you feed the patient, let it be a light that same year is 2038, who supplied diet of fruits and grains, snch as rice, rolled oats, wheat, hominy, barley. regularly 4110 churches and stations in The best food for a stomach too weak 44 States and Territories, with many to hold anything down is to boil two other points where preaching was held heaping tablespoons of rolled oats for at frequent intervals. During the same half an hour in a quart of water. Eat this cool with the Jeast amount of sugar year 208 missionaries preached in for· and salt, but no milk. 8. If there is eign languages, including those men- any throat trouble, keep cold wet cloths tioned in your paragraph, as well as on tile throat and change them every ten minutes, with hot irons to the feet. very outset, and before they are consid- 9. Never use medicines. All sick peo· ered in detail. . . . pIe should avoid (if they wish to get well quickly) meat, tobacco, beer, tea, .. The expediency or the success 'of coffee, alcoholic stimulants, pie, cake, this movement is not to be judged mere- sweet and fried foods. ly by What has happened within the The above nine rules will cure nearlv present generation vI even within the every case. Some cases require some- present century, but by the recorded thing special. For example, sunstroke facts of eighteen hundred Christian cen- needs cold water poured on the head; turies. The progress may appear to be dropsy needs a dry diet and sweating; slow in turning India and China to the severe nose bleed needs cold cloths or Christian faith; but that is not the . ice to the sides of the neck, with the feet whole story. Foreign missions pene- in hot water. trated and filled and regenerated the Roman Empire, even tho it required I am sending to foreign missionaries nearly three centuries to acbieve the of all denominations, free, my book .. Medical Hygiene; or, Cures for all result; and no judgment of their suc- Diseases without Drugs." I have no cess or fitness is valid that builds upon money of my own with which to do one of these facts and ignores the other. this. Friends are helping me. The There was a time when it was as hard book has 200 pages and sells at $1- to find a Roman Cbristian as it ever has been to find a Chinese Christian; but W. FRANK Ross, M.D. that time quickly passed and passed A Defense of Foreign Missions. forever, as it has already passed long since in China. . . . In a paper on "Foreign Missions in "The precept of our Lord. • Go, the Light of Fact," in the January teach all nations,' is clear and unre- pealed; there can be no limit to the North American, Rev. Dr. Judson field. The mission of Jesus Christ is as certainly to the modern world as to Smith, Foreign Secretary of the Ameri- the world of His day, as directly to can Board of Commissioners for Foreign Hindus as to Romans, to Chinese and Japanese as to Americans. It is no Missions, says (we reprint a few para- more presumptuous for the missionaries of our times to attempt the Christiani- graphs) ; zation of the Oriental nations and the African tribes than it was for the apos- .. The criticisms we hear may be re- tles and their successors to attempt the duced to four classes. They assert that conversion of the old Roman world. the aim of foreign missions to Chris- For Christ is the Lord and Savior of tianize all nations is absurd and incapa- India and China and Japan, or He iil ble of execution; or that foreign mis- not Lord and Savior to any man. If sions are in the bands of unfit and in- capable men, who can never carry them we deny that He has any special gift through to success; or that the meth- for the people of the Orient, we must ods employed are so unreasonable, so deny that He has any gift for man at ill-adapted to the end, that they pro- all, and ignore the supreme facts of the voke opposition and hatred rather than eighteen Christian centuries that lie be- confidence and love; or that, at any hind us…. rate, they have accomplished nothing, and can never win any real success. "Compared with other Christian These criticisms are fatal if they are teachers and leaders cf their times, for- valid, fatal not alone to foreign mis- eign missionaries as a class ~re in :co re- sion~, but to the whole Christian scheme. spect deficient or in need of apology. Nothing is more deeply embedded in For strength and clearness of mind, for the Gospel than its universality; noth- balanced judgment, for practical sen@e, ing is more central in Christ's work and for industry and efficiency, for Jlower claims than that He is the Redeemer and in leadership and organization, for suc- Lord of all the nations and generations cess in dealing with men, for magna- of the earth, and that' of His kingdom nimity and courage, for patience and there shall be no end.' If Christ was heroic self-denial, they are the peers of mistaken upon these fundamental points, the best men of their generation. Carey, so that the effort to carry out His pur- with whom our modern movement be- poses and build His kingdom in all the gan, was one of the most remarkable earth is absurd and fruitless, liis au- thority as teacher and His power as linguists of any age, and has put the Redeemer are at an end. A presump- learning of this century under lasting tion, almost overwhelming, is thus obligations. Judson, the apostle to raised against these objections at the Burma, was one of the foremost men of his times in all respects; and his achievements are a standing witness to his power. Livingstone, whose con- means of leading between 3000 and 4000 tributions to geography and science and students in Britain and America to dethe discovery of a continent are in the cide to go, God willing, to the foreign mouth of everyone, did all his great fields. This has culminated in the holdservice as a missionary. And what ing of an International Students' Misshall I say more of Morrison and Bridg- sionary Conference at Liverpool, where man, of Dwight and Riggs, of Williams 24 nationalities were represented. There and Parker, of Jessup and Van Dyke, was an attendance of 700 British stuof Patteson and Bingham, of Hanning- dents, 60 university men from the Conton and Pinkerton, and the hosts of tinent, and 180 missionaries and speakmen and women, who, in many lands, ers from 42 societies. Representatives in many tongues, and through the gen- came from no less than 103 colleges, of erations, have witnessed the Gospel, which 32 were British theological colsubdued kingdoms, wrought righteous- leges. The Conference was marked by ness, and entered into rest? The men great spiritual power, and unquestionand women whom we send come out of ably has opened a new chapter in the our purest homes; many of them are history of the British and continental trained in our best colleges and univer- colleges. These results have been due sities ; they are not mere devotees or in part to the union which has been enthusiasts, but practical, sensible, capa- formed between them. For without ble of the best service that is rendered the strength and stimulus arising from at home and abroad." organized cooperation, work of this kind is liable to become spasmodic and British College Christian Union. ineffectual. But the real secret of the remarkable success of these movements The following Call to Prayer for lies deeper; it is prayer.

Theological Students has been issued, There are neady 70 theological col- leges in the British Isles, with a student having been submitted to and received population of over 2000. This mean!! that every ten years more than 8000 the warm approval of the Lord Bishop men pass through these colleges into Rpheres of unique influence. Amid our of London; the Rev. Professor J. Agar lengthened intellectual training, there is much need to see to it that our spir- Beet, D.D., Wesleyan College, Rich- itual vigor is daily increasing and that our religious activity is spontaneous and mond; the Rev. F. J. Chavasse, M.A., not professional. 'fhe supreme impor- tance of the work that lies before us, Principal of Wyc1iffe Hall, Oxford; and the peculiar circumstances of the Church at the present time, call, if posthe Rev. J. Culross. D.D., Principal of sible, more than ever for a true and full consecration in the lives of those who the Baptist College, Bristol; the Rev. are to be ministers of Christ. Noone can fail to observe the cleavage and Professor Marcus Dods, D.D., New Col- mutual distrnst often existing between the various C.· ristian bodies. The fact lege, Edinburgh; the Rev. J. Oswald is only too apparent that the Church of Dykes, D.D., Principal of the Presby- Christ is failing to reach large multi- tudes at home. and is making but an interian College, London; the Rev. T. C. adequate attempt to carry the Gospel to the heathen abroad. In view of these Edwards, D.D., Principal of the Cal- elements of weakness, shall not we, who are preparing for special service in the vinistic Methodist College, Bala; the Master's cause, earnestly seek for purity of heart, the spirit of self-denial, and a Rev. A. M. Fairbairn, D.D., Princi- holy devotion to save the lost?

pal of Mansfield College, Oxford; the Opinions on Church doctrine or gov- ernment differ, but are we not all one Rev. Professor R. Flint, D.D., Univer- in our devotion to our Lord Jesus Christ and His kingdom? His teaching and sity of Edinburgh; and the Rev. H. example in regard to prayer, we all recognize. "Ye did riot choose Me," C. G. Moule, D.D., Principal of Ridley said He to His disciples, "but I chose Hall, Cambridge. you, and appointed you that ye should go and bear fruit, and that your fruit A week of special prayer for theo- should abide: that whatsoever ve shall logical colleges was observed between ask of the Father in My name, He may February 23d a,nd March 1st, 1896.

The last few years have been marked by two great movements among the students of the world, the one in the direction of an awakening of spiritual life, and the other toward foreign missions. The former has been used to bring hundreds of college men to Christ and to quicken the Christian life of others, while the latter has been the give it you." . With this as a common .. Apart from all outward differences, ground of fellowship, shall we not unit- we invite all workers for Christ, whether edly pray that we ourselves and our in our own or other lands, to join the fellow·students may have a fuller meas- Circle, which only entails time given to ure of the Spirit of God? God in prayer. Times of prayer are at The definite subjects of intercession one or all of the following hours; seven should be: A.M., nOon, or evening, whether collec- 1. A g-reat deepening of personal re- tively or privately. Reunion in an out· ligion amon~ theological students. ward form of all who own the Lord 2. The promotion of the spirit of true Jesus Christ as Savior and God may unity. not yet be practicable, but union in 3. The evangelization of the world. prayer for the increased manifestation To accomplish this purpose more of the presence of the Holy Spirit will effectually. the following methods may surely be in agreement with our Mas- be found useful ~ ter's own prayer, • 'I'hat they all may 1. At daily prayer or the meetings of be one.' " classes mention should be made of these points. This appeal is signed by William 2. The students should meet once Sinclair, Archdeacon of London, and each day for united prayer and the quickening of spiritual life. (These representatives of various Christian de- nominations, including Mr. George Mul. meetings might be made very powerful by including a series of addresses on Ier, F. B. Meyer, etc.

personal holiness.) The circular then continues: 3. Colleges Ilear each other might ar· range to have united meetings during Is THERE NOT NEED FOR PRAYER?

the week. .. The present day is one crowded 4. Ministers should be requested to with influences intellectual, social and spiritual. opposed to the spread of commend theological colleges to the Christ's kingdom. prayers of the Church. .. 1. Among Young Ken.-Opinions " Tarry ye . . . ulltil ye be clothed with power from on high." contrary to the teaching of the Word of God are sadly prevalent at our uni- We shonld like to hear from all col- versities and other centers of intellect· leges in which the students are willing ual training. In a certain college in London. out of about 200 students only to cooperate. eight could be found willing to join a Signed on behalf of the British Col- prayer union.

lege Christian Union. .. 2. Among Business Ken.-The W. GAVIN, standard of commercial morality is New College. Edinburgh. very low, and even attendance in any R. MORRIS, numberE at the professed worship of God is lamentably small. In a suburb Theological College, Bala. of a large English cUy. a man of busi- F. W. S. O'NEILL. ness stated that out of 1000 men thus engaged, as far as the Church of Eng- Presbyterian College, Belfast. D. M. THORNTON, Ridley Hall, Cambridge. Theological.OqUege Oommittee.

land was concerned, 30 was his estimate of attendance. Apropos of this comes a call to the "3. Among l1:finisters oj 0 hrist.-The coldness. lack of zeal. intrusion of self formation of a still wider circle of pray- and absence of likeness to Christ is a er, that has beeu formed for the first great obstacle in the way of true suc- day in every month. cess iu winning souls. How seldom is Isaiah's cry heard by God to-day: • My " Its object is to join in real unity of leanness, my leanness, woe unto me.' heart believers in our Lord Jesus Christ "4. In the Ohurch.-The worldliness in prayer for one definite objcct : prevalent crushes spiritual life and •• The fuller manifestation of the power. So-called members of Christ grace and energy of the blessed Spirit are dumb when sin should be rebuked of God in the removal of all that is con- and never witness to His power to trary to the revealed will of God, indi- cleanse, sanctify, and govern. Self·re- vidually and corporately, so that we gard, inconsistency, neglect of means of grieve not the Holy Spirit, but that Fle grace is eating as a canker into many may work in mightier power in the and many a heart.

, Church for the exaltation of Christ and "5. In the World. (a) At Home.-In the ble~sing of souls. factories, warehouses, and offices, children of God are ridiculed and scorned world, and with which the ori~in of the for the stand the,}' take; and religion is British and Foreign Bible Society is set up as a speCIal subject for scornful closely identified. These meetings cer- mirth. tainlY' contained the germ of the Baptist "The tens of thousands of lapsed MiSSIOnary Society, founded in 1792, to souls and souls fearfully ignorant of be followed in 1795 by the London Mis- sin, 'without God and without hope,' sionary Society, which, it has also been in our large cities, as revealed in their stated, owes its existence, if not wholly, absence from all places of worship certainly partially, to the same source.

when a religious census is taken. The The other great missionary societies lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of also, the Church Missionary Society, God infatuated with things that are and the Wesleyan :lHissionary Society vain and fleeting. The suicides in such and others, such as the Society for the painful numbers that appal us. The Propagation of the Gospel, must surely gambling mania, drinking habits, and have had spiritual fire kindled in them licentiousness that drain homes of good- to some extent by these means.

ness and purity, and sweep tens of thou- " Part of this information is extract- sands of souls, even in ' Christian' Eng- ed from' Is the Spirit of the Lord strait- land, into everlasting destruction. ened? ' (published by Hodder & Stough- "(b) Abroad.-Eighteen centuries ton). Therein the Rev. W. Crosbie bave passed since the word was given: writes: 'The lesson is obvious. The 'Go and preach the Gospel to every time has come for another great prayer creature,' and to·day there are hundreds union with a definite purpose and aim.

of millions who have never once heard A new baptism of the Holy Ghost is our it ; and the fault, more or less, is ours supreme want, and it is conditioned on who name the name of Jesus. agreement in prayer.'

CANNOT THE NEED BE MET? " The spirit of the Lord is not strait- ened where there is union in real pray- " In ~fay, 1'736, Bishop Butler VI rote : er, so that the great need of the present , It is come to be taken for granted by day can be most fully met. 'Not by many persons that Christianity is not so might, nor by power, but by My Spirit, much a subject of inquiry, but it is now saith the Lord of Hosts. ' "

at length discovered to be fictitious, and nothing remains but to set it up as a A very important evangelical move· principal subject of much ridicule.' "In 1737, Dr. Watts wrote: 'There ment is going on among the Hebrew has been a great complaint for many race in London. It is a mission con- years that the Spirit of God and His ducted on clearly definite Catholic prinsaving infiuence is much withdrawn, and there are few that receive the report ciples. In a single church (that of St.

of the Gospel with any eminent success Paul's, Haggerston) more than four upon their heartR.' hundred Hebrews, most of them adults, " In 1744 a document was drawn ul> have been baptized within the last seven by some godly ministers in Scotland on years. This will provc that the num- the subject of united prayer for the Holy Ghost. A copy of this reached ber of converts is not so scanty as is President Edwards, who wrote a trea- ordinarily represented, and we are in a tise supporting its proposals, entitled , A humble attempt to promote an ex- position to produce abundant evidence of sincerity and self-sacrifice. There plicit agreement and visible union of God's people throughout the world in are 4 bishops and 120 clergymen in extraordinary prayer.' It is stated that the Anglican Church, converted Jews, many entered into the concert. We know the great awakening of spiritual and, like St. Paul, preaching" the faith life in the United States and in our own they once destroyed."

land subsequent to this union.

"In 1784 the treatise fell into the Heathenism is characterized by two hands of Andrew Fuller, of Kettering, in whose biography appears this testi- words: Helplessness and hopelessness ; mony: 'Periodical meetings were held it has no power to help and no inspira.

among the ministers in their immediate tion for hope.

neighborhoods, setting apart the first Monday evening in every month for On " Great Paul," the big bell of St. prayer for the extension of the Gospel.' Paul's cathedral, is the inscription, This union in prayer, perhaps, gave the " Woe is me if I preach not the Goaimpetus to that missionary spirit which extended itself throughout the Christian pel. "

G&NERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

V.-GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE.

EDITED BY REV. D. L. LEONARD.

Extracts and Translations from Foreign Then, and not till then, they began to P eriodioals. invent these stories hbout an immemo· BY REV. C. C. STARBUCK, ANDOVER, Iia! antiquity. The possession of an MASS. episcopal succession by the Bohemian (or rather the Moravian) Waldenses THE UNITAS FRATRUM. was an accident. These were, after the -The last winter in Greenland was time of Huss, in good repute both with uncommonly mild and favorable to the the Roman Catholics and with the Utra- fishing and sealing expeditions of ,the quists, and, availing themselves of the Eskimos. Health has also been gener- favorable opportunity, they, in 1433, ally good. procured three of their ministers to be We observe on pp. 610, 611, of the ordained priests by a Roman Catholic August number of the REVIEW, some bishop of Bohemia named Nicholas, extracts from an interesting paper :of and then sent them to the reforming Mrs. W. H. Belden, on Moravian mis- Council of Basel, some of whose mem- sions. Her claim, however, for the bers consecrated them bishops. Thus Unitas Fratrum, of being the oldest their succession, like that of the Church Episcopal Church in existence, cannot of England and of Sweden, did not be maintained. It is founded on the come through any undiscoverable reo assumption that the Waldenses, from cesses of church history, but down the whom they derived their episcopate, broad, open current of Western Catholi- had themselves an episcopal succession cism.

going back to the apostles. But the In 1467, when the eIder Brethren's Waldenses originally made no such Church was constituted, it was decided claim. As their learned representative, to introduce the episcopate. Accord- Dr. Emil Comba says, who -furnishes ingly Michael Bradacius and two other the exhaustive compendium of their priests were sent to the two surviving history for Herzog's Encyclopedia, all Waldensian bishops, who advanced early Roman Catholic and all early them to the episcopate. Thus the Mora· Waldensian accounts agree, in deriv- vian succession is just the same as the ing the movement from Peter Waldo, Roman Catholic or Anglican. As of Lyons, and in dating it from about Bishop De Schweinitz remarks, the 1170. Waldo, being a layman, of course Brethren ascribe to it an historical, but could give no ordination, and being no essential value. They have never, joined by no bishop, of course could like the Anglicans, called in question procure no episcopal succession. The the ordinations of other Protestant notion that Waldo simply revived an churches. Bishop De Schweinitz, we earlier Alpine church, is, as Dr. Comba may remark, fully agrees with Dr.

remarks, without a shadow of evidence. Comba, that the Waldenses have no The stories ,to this effect, which are claim, as a separate body, to an im- spread everywhere in our language, memorial antiquity.

are, he says. not worth the paper they The Unity is seriously considering are written on. Indeed, the Waldenses the question, whether it may not be tho not friendly to the Pope, regarded best to make over its Greenland Mission themselves as simply a mere evangelical to the Danish Church. We continually party within the Catholic Church. It hear the Moravians spoken of as if was not till many years after the Ref- Christianity was first introduced into ormation that they decided to make Greenland, and is principally main- common cause with Protestantism. tained there by them. Neither is true.

EXTRACTS AND TRANSLATIONS

EIans Egede was not a Moravian, but a had obtained permission from the Caliph Lutheran pastor of Norway. Indeed, of Egypt to build a hospital for peor when the first Moravians came, altho sick pilgrims. This hospital of St. he had solicited their help, there was John became well known, and rich cruso wide a divergence of sentiment be- saders gave money to endow it. Others tween him and them in various respects, joined its medical or nursing staff, and as resulted in alienation. This estrange- without laying down their crusading ment has long been overcome, but the badge, fought now a new fight against two churches remain distinct, the Mora- the ravages of disease and death. And vians still sustaining an auxiliary and the order of St. John being a religious secondary part. The Lutherans have one, the spiritual concerns of the pasome 8300 Eskimos under their charge, tients would be remembered. Even at who are rather increasing; the Mora- the present day in Prussia there is a vians something over 1600, who are de- Protestant order of the Knights of St. creasing. Some use this as proving a John of Jerusalem, which unites the want of wisdom on their part. They care of the stricken body with that of point out, however, that by far the the sin·sick soul. greater part of the Danish Eskimos are of mixed blood, descended from mar- "With the close of the eighteenth riages between the inferior Danish offi- century, science, Christian life and its cials and merchants and Greenland humanities, and the missionary instincts women. They therefore share largely of the churches awoke from a profound in the superior vitality of the European and protracted slumber. One result of race, as well as in its superior forecast this awakening was the stirring into and energy. Besides, it is impossible life of what has been called the crusade that they should not largely monopo- of the nineteenth century-the Red lize the better situations directly or in- Cross movement, which followed the directly connected with the government signing of the Genevan Convention in service. The Moravian Eskimos, on 1863. This convention, which provided the other hand, are of the pure native for the protection of the sick and blood, sluggish, improvident, inferior wounded in time of war, commanded in reasoning power and in forecast, less the sympathy and adhesion of every fruitful, and very much less favorably civilized nation. It adopted as its situated for taking care of themselves badge, out of compliment to Switzerand their children. The Danish Gov- land, a red cross on a white ground-the ernment is thoroughly kind and help- Swiss colors reversed. And so it .comes ful, but cannot in the nature of the to pass that it is under the old crusadcase be quite as closely in touch or do ing sign that present-day deeds of mercy quite as much for these outlying sta- are done on the field of battle, both by tions as for those of the Danes. The the regular army ambulance corps and Unity has not as yet decided to give by the various volunteer Red Cross soover its work to the Lutherans, but cieties which have started up as auxthe Missions·Blatt speaks of it as by no iliaries. means impossible that this may come to pass within five years. This uncer- "Yet another and nobler crusade tainty is an added burden to the many arose out of the above-mentioned woncrushing burdens which the faithful derful stirring of dry bones just a cen- Moravian missionaries in Greenland tury ago. As medical science and mishave to sustain. sionary enthusiasm deepened, men, taught by the spirit of Christ, began to MEDICAL MISSIONS. discern how best to follow in His steps who went about doing good and heal- -" Two hundred years before the ing those that were oppressed by the Children's Crusade merchants of Amalfi devil. Medical missions sprang into existence. There are now rather over

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELI,IGENCE

two hundred professionally and spirit- , Thou shalt keep the feasts;' and the ually qualified men and women from tenth commandment is divided into this country who are waging holy war two to make out the number, the sec- against satanic strongholds of heathen- ond command as given to Moses being dom, which to the ordinary missionary wholly omitted, and the fourth distort- had been practically inaccessible. ed into the injunction to observe the " Two hundred, yet barely more than feasts." As to the distortion, there is two hundred medical missionaries; nothing to be said, except that the Ro- while there were last year 26,790 of our man and the Lutheran Church appear doctors at work in Great Britain and to agree with John Calvin, that the Ireland, and over 5500 engaged in vari- Sabbath is no longer directly binding ous departments of foreign service. It on Christians, but only so far as the seems a forlorn hope. But we remem· Church sanctions it, and that therefore ber also that there are two hundred stu- its observance rests on the same ground dents who at present are preparing to as that of the great festivals. We have join the medical mission ranks. We been told that in Protestant Germany will thank God, then, both for the no- the law punishes working on Sunday ble advance guard of veterans already with neither more nor less severity than in the field, and for the little band of working on a festival. But the assump- young men and women who are mov- tion that the omission of what we call ing on steadily after them. And we the second commandment frQID. the will take courage for the future."- shorter catechisms (and from them Medical Mission8 at Home and Abroad. only), is designed to suppress the -The Rev. F. M. ZAHN, in a valu- knowledge of it, and that the tenth able article in the Allgemeine Mi88ion- commandment is divided to cover up ZeitBchrijt, on Nationality and Interna- the suppression, is an utter mistake_ tionality, remarks that if a German There has never been unanimity in dishould name as characteristic virtues viding the Decalogue, either among of his people, industry, simplicity, Jews or Christians. Our usual division thoroughness, respect for other national is the oldest known, going back at least peculiarities, other nations would be to Philo. But in the Talmud there is apt to protest. Bow could they? another division mentioned, which These are specifically German virtues, makes the first of the' Ten Words'- and why should other nations object to the Old Testament designation of the having them designated for what they Decalogue-to be what we call the inare? troduction: 'Bear, 0 Israel,' etc.; what we call the first and second coa- -In Mr. Robert E. Speer's exceed- lescing as the second. This division is ingly valuable article on Mexico, in the still preferred by various scholars, Jew- March number of the REVIEW, in which ish and Christian. A third early Chris- he shows, from Roman Catholic e~i­ tian division fuses the first and second dence, what a sad caricature of Chris- (which have always been hard to keep tianity Mexican religion for the most asunder), thus securing for the first part is, there is one serious misapprc- table the number of the Trinity. The hension, which it is imperative to cor- tenth commandment is then divided, rect, the more so as it is continually re- according to Deut. 5 : 21, thus securing appearing in all quarters. Mr. Speer the advantage of detaching a neigh.

says: "Idolatry is not forbidden by bor's wife from among his chattels.

the Ten Commandments, as given to The solid and the mystic reason moved the people by the Church. In ihe St. Augustine to cast his great author- Mexican decalogue the second com- ity in favor of this third division, which m'andment is, 'Thou shalt not take the has always remained prevalent in the name of God in vain;' the third, West, the Calvinists alone, at the Ref-

ENGLISH NOTES

ormation, reverting to agreement with cases prominent members, of the church the Greek Church in accepting the and country, are a great source of pain elder Philonian division. The division and regret to us. . . . Immorality is the had not the slightest relation to image- prevailing sin here, and is very lightly worship, of which St. Augustine was a thought of. . . . But we do not despair.

stern opponent. Gregory the Great, Weare determined at aU hazards to also its stern opponent, confirmed in the fight the Lord's battle, and in His own West the division into three and seven strength. "

for the two tables respectively, which London Mis8ionary &ciety.-Active most of the Lutherans stilI approve steps have been taken by the directors equally with the Catholics. The im· of this society, with a view to secure age-worshiping Greek Church divides the cooperation of French Protestant as we do. The shorter Lutheran cate- brethren in the future carrying on of chisms, like the Roman Catholic, giving the work in Madagascar. The idea is only the opening sentences of the longer that the Paris Missionary Society should commandments, omit what we call the take over one of the districts now occusecond, but what both churches regard pied by the London Missionary Society ,as only the conclusion of the first. in the neighborhood of Antananarivo. The longer catechisms, which the young people are encouraged to study, Kidderpore.-The Rev. J. Levitt, of give the Decalogue in full, but of course Calcutta, reports the conversion and in the same division. The Catholics baptism of B. V. Mookerjee. the first render extravagant honor to images, Hindu convert of the Kidderpore Misthe Lutherans render none at all, using sion. He had a terrible battIe with them merely for ornaments; but their Adam the first, but was obliged at last agreement as to dividing the Decalogue, to yield to the dictates of conscience which rests on utterly different grounds, and go to Christ outside the camp.

exposes them to the same accusation, A Foothold in Hunan, Ohina.-This which in both cases is utterly unhis- society has just received the gilt of a torical, and therefore unconsciously but house and land in Hunan. Some seven gravely calumnious." years ago Dr, John baptized a convert name Li Yeukeng. All these years he has been busy among his own people; English Notes. and now there are four whole families BY JAMES DOUGLAS. who have given up idolatry and are seeking baptism. Mr. Li has handed Ohurch Mi8Bionary Society. – The over his house and a large piece of land Thirty-third Annual Report of the to the mission, the deeds being now in Sierra Leone Native Pastorate Auxil· possession, The London Missionary iary Association has been received. Society is the first Protestant mission to The accession is recorded of .. four hold property in the Province of Hunan. more ordained men," while satisfaction is expressed that for five years in suc- KU1'uman, &uth Africa.-The an- cession the work has been carried on nual gathering of the different branches without any debt. Thus far, however, of the Kuruman Church was held dur- the net result when spiritually tested is ing the first week of January. The far from encouraging. Concerning the huge district of Morokweng, about'

SheJrbro district, the Rev. M. Wilson 14,000 square miles in extent, has only writes: "The general moral and spir- one missionary, the Rev. J. Tom oitual tone of the church and of the Brown. "I believe," says Mr. Brown, country is very far from what it should "that the declension from the faith be-in fact, it is confessedly low. The and the low state of spiritual life among inconsistent lives of members, in many our people are largely due to the fact

7(18 GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

that they are left without spiritual su- tho small at present, is interesting and pervision, for years at a time, save such hopeful. as can be given by one of themselves." Mr. Brown also draws attention to the China's Millions.-Mrs. Samuel R. horrible cruelties practised throughout Clarke, of Kwei- Yang Fu, contributes the district, and. to the malign influence an interesting article on the Tsong-kia of the chief,who is" not only a heathen, tribe. This tribe is the most numerous but a drunkard, and is guided entirely of all the aboriginal tribes in Kweiby the worst characters in his town." chau, and it is said that in Kwang-si, The treatment of slaves is said to be the Tsong-kia are also very numerous. barbarous in the extreme. Of these Unlike the Miao, another aboriginal slaves" some are good Christians, and tribe, the Tsong-kia men cannot be disone of them has for many years been a tinguished from the Chinese. For six teacher even of their masters. " years efforts have been made to reach the people of the five villages of Shui- English Presbyterian Miaaiona. -Early gan-pa with no visible result, except last year, the Amoy Cl.urch News an- that the people are less timid and~sus­ nounced the conversion of a Chinchew plCIOUS. There are, however, five or literary gentleman, Mr. Iu ChuM, I"ix Tsong-kia baptized in the Kweiwhich excited great interest in the city. chau Province, brought in principally A few months after Mr. Iu's conver- through Chinese Christians. At pression, he was the means of leading a ent two missionaries are engaged in the brother-in-law, Mr. Chhun-peng, to be- study of the Heh Miao dialect, which lieve in the Lord Jesus. The path of has been reduced to writing; but two Mr. Chhung-peng has been beset by fresh missionaries are needed to set to many difficulties, but he has steadfastly work on the Tsong-kia language. gone forward, and is now assistant teacher in the Middle School of Amoy. Wesleyan Mi8sionary &ciety.-The A younger brother who went to Amoy, third South India Provincial Synod intending, if he would not renounce met in Bangalore on January 15th_ Christianity, to kill him, has been won There were cheering increases in all the over by Chhung-peng's gentleness. districts, the largest being in Madras. " I did not know," he said, "that the which reported an increase of 12 Engdoctrine was so good. You did not lish and 80 native members. The total make it plain to me how good it is ; increase of members was 198, all of now I will stay on here, and study the whom were natives, the English mem- Holy Book and learn about the doc- bership being stationary. The number trine. " of members in the whole area is 3780, of whom 3304 are nlltives. The adult Bo;pti8t Mis8ionary &ciety. -Writing baptisms were 452. The total Chrisconcerning work in the Shantung Prov- tian community is more than 11,000. ince, China, the Rev. R. C. Forsyth says: "We have added to the native THE KINGDOM. church in this district (Tsing Chu Fu) 120 by baptism, and in the Chou·ping -" I have long since ceased to pray, district between two and three hun- • Lord Jesus, have compassion upon a dred, tho accurate statistics are not yet lost world.' I remember the day and to hand." Among other branches of the hour when I seemed to hear the outside work, to. which Mr. Forsyth Lord rebuking me for making such a makes reference, is a weekly class prayer. He seemed to say to me, • I which he holds with the Manchu sol- have had compassion upon a lost world, diers from the permanent camp about and now it is time for you to have coma mile from Tsing Chu Fu. This class, passion. I have left you to fill up that which is behind in Mine afflictions in the flesh for the body's sake, which is all the customs. and institutions, in the the Church. I have given My heart; thought and heart and inner life of that now give your hearts."-A. J. Gordon. people, and a new law is given to their social and civil development. The -Nothi.ng could be better for rousing Bible alone has set man on his manthe spiritual life of a congregation, and hood, created a people and popular leading it on to a higher life, than the freedom and intelligence, and set the cultivation of the spirit of missions. whole new world it has thus created The progress of the kingdom of God in revolving around that new center, pivthe world is a study well calculated to oted on a people. Just all there is in enlarge the mind and soul, and rescue our progressive humanity, in legitimate torpid congregations from their self- liberty and popular enlargement, is satisfied ease. What a power for good wrapped up in that-and just all that would be our home millions of Chris, we owe to the Bible.-Bible Society tians, if really alive to their privilege Record. and duty in helping forward the work ct God inalllands.-Mackay, oJ Uganda. -The July Ohurch Mi8sionary Intel' ligerwer has an article 'from Seton . -Bishop Mallalieu writes of the Churchill, whose title, .. The Christian found~r of Gammon Theological Semi- Gambler, " fairly startles one. Phil. nary: "Yonder, in far-away!Iaine, is 2 : 30 supplies the text and a basis for a young man who heard the call of the phrase, especially the words, " Not God to preach the Gospel, and in due regarding his life." He affirms that time commenced what he supposed Epaphroditus "was a gambler in the was his life work. But a throat trouble truest and highest sense of that term, disabled him. He was obliged, with whose faith enabled him to stake all on deepest regret, to leave the ministry the cause of his Master, as he believed and go into business, and in due time it to be a winning cause." He finds a became possessed of hundreds of thou- similar hint in Acts 15: 26 in these sands of dollars. He decided to lay his words: "Men that hazarded their iives wealth upon the altar of service for the for the name of Christ." That same education of young men for the min- .. hazard" refers to a game of chance, istry, and selected Atlanta as the seat in which" it was no uncommon thing of the institution he would found. for a gambler who had lost all his Hence we ha ve this school of the proph- goods, to stake one more thing, his own ets, with a plant and endowment of not life, and to sell himself into slavery." less than $600,000; and Elijah Gam- The entire article is most impressive in mon, disabled, discouraged, and thwart- its appeal for disciples, both abroad ed in what he had thought God had and at home, who are ready to risk called him to do, has laid the founda- everything for Jesus' sake, as so many tions and provided for the needs of a like Judson, Moffat. Mackay, and John seat of learning where tens of thou- Williams have gladly done. sands of young men shall be trained to 1-.-<::Dme able ministers of the Gospel." -What shall be [thought of the American Methodists if they heed not ·-Wherever the Bible has gonl', a the call to pay the missionary debt, tho great and blessed change has come. It it amounts to $220,000, since a dime has created the Pllople. It has given a from each one will complete the unnew aim to government, a new char- dertaking? And what shall be thought acter to literature, and diffused free- of the saints in general who suffer the dom, intelligence, and comfort among Lord's work to drag slowly on, or even the masses. At once, upon the dis- go backward, when a mere trifle from semination of God's Word among any every individual in the host oftered people in their own language, a new power has begun to work deeply under regularly would secure abundance for carts and bullock carts. and now and the Lord's treasury ~ then in a Studebaker express wagon, in – A writer of some repute, in a some- .rapanese jinrikishas and Chinese wheelwhat lavish commendation of a native African of noble character, acknowl- barrows, in water craft of many a groedges that this character is the direct tesque model, and then a long procesresult of missionary work. and yet sion of men and women on foot, besays; "We candidly admit that mis- grimed with the dust of hills and plains, sionary literature has no attractions for or soiled from the sloughs of mud or us, and that to listen to the dry details bridgeless rivers. A.nd could we folof church work among far-away tribes low them in their toilsome way we is a severe trial." But without this should see them entering alike the church work, the details of which are abodes of Korean royalty, Hindu rajahs, stigmatized as dry, the character which Chinese noblemen, and the huts of povis applauded would not have existed. erty of all nations, telling to the few We are quite sure that there is little in and the many who gather to listen of missionary literature more stupid than the blessed' Only Name.' " is this remark, taken iu its connection. The writer wants rich fruit without WOMAN'S WORK. any care for the tree or the ground or the process by which the fruit is pro- -The women of the Society of duced. Why not dispense with trees Friends are growing steadily in the altogether? They arc dull things; we grace of missionary activity. In 13 want only fruits. We have seen a man Yearly Meetings there are 2059 who go into ecstasies over a gorgeous plant practice proportionate giving; in all of chrysanthemum, but he was not some 30 missionaries and 20 native silly enough to disparage the work of evangelists are supported. the gardener, who for months had watched and watered and trimmed and -The eleventh annual announcement fed the plant, eucouraging it here ,and of Chicago Missionary Training School checking it there. until, in all its sym- shows an enrollment for 1895-96 of 14, metry and brilliant bloom, it was ready students. Since the establishment of for exhibition. The beautiful products the school 769 women have pursued its both in plant life and human life are courses. Of this number 94 have ennot to be secured without hard and tered foreign mission fields, 66 have enlong labor. To disparage the process gaged in some form of home or evanwhile lauding the results is childish in gelistic mission work, while 212 have the extreme.-Missionary Herald. engaged in deaconess work, 32 women are sent into the field this year as dea- -Dr. Jones, of Madura mission, re- conesses, 6 enter some other form of ports that a public meeting was held at home-work, and 11 look forward to which the people, notwithstanding the foreign work. their own great poverty, contributed most liberally for the purpose of send· -The spread of the Woman's Foring some relief to their suffering breth- eign Missionary movement among Presren in Asia Minor. byterians is well illustrated by the re- ports which were presented to the -In Tlte Ohurch at Home and Abroad Woman's Missionary Conference of the Rev. Benjamin Labaree exclaims: Union of Presbyterian Foreign Mis- " What a motley company we should sionary Societies held in Glasgow, in have could all the itinerating parties of connection with the meeting there of many lands be massed into a single the Pan-Presbyterian Council. Reports picture before us, on their elephants were submitted by Mrs. Bell, London; and their donkeys, in Hindu camel Miss McNeill, for Mrs. Duncan Love, Victoria; Miss Adam, of the Ladies' Kaffrarian Society; Mrs. Barnes, on behalf of Mrs. Forbes, Canada; Mrs. ciations along the lines of their roads; Lindsay, Free Church Mission, Glas- 46 buildings, valued at $560,000, are gow; Mrs. Hislop, Brisbane, in con- owned by or held for the use of the nection with the church of Queenland ; railroad associations.

lV1rs. Burchfield, Pittsburg, United -The annual report presented by Presbyterian Church of America; and Secretary Baer at the Christian En- by Mrs. Candlish, New South Wales. deavor Convention in Washington gives -The W. C. T. U. Polyglot Petition the total number of societies as 46,125, has been photographed-at least that with a membership of 2,750,000, and part of it which includes names from all but three or four countries on the any country or colony pertaining to globe represented. Canada has 3292 the British Empire. It is to be pre- societies, and in foreign and missionary sented to Queen Victoria in three large lands there are 6399. The United and beautifully adorned volumes. The Kingdom has over 3000; Australia, petition was composed by Miss Willard, over 2000; France, 66; West Indies, represents 7,000,000 of persons, and 63 ; India, 128; Mexico, 62; Turkey, asks for the abolition of the liquor 41; Africa, 88; China, 40; Germany, traffic and the opium trade. It .has 18; Japan, 66; Madagascar, 93. On been circulated by the World's W. C. this side the Atlantic Pennsylvania T. U. in 50 countries. leads with 3273 societies; then New York comes with 2971, Ohio with 2311, YOUNG PEOPLE. and Ontario fourth with 18'17. Over 8000 societies have asked to be placed -One of the most interesting devel- on the missionary roll of honor. They opments of the Student Volunteer Mis- include 5869 Young People's societies sionary Union is a plan formed by and 2331 Junior societies from 35 States, women students at our Universities for 7 Territories, 7 Provinces, 4 foreign a Missionary Settlement of University lands, and have given $154,022.68, Women at Bombay-a kind of deacon- through their own denominational ess institution for evangelistic, educa- boards, to the cause of home and fortional, and medical work. It is not eign mISSIOns. In addition to this like a society which sends missionaries. amount $206,150 has been given by Those who have projected the scheme these same societies for Christ and the are going themselves, mostly at their Church in other ways, making a total own charges. Two women, the Misses of $360,172, the largest amounts given Stone, one of them a graduate of Newn- by anyone society being $1107, by the ham College, Cambridge, are already Clarendon Street Baptist Society, of at Bombay, and 4 others sail this year. Boston, and a little over $1000 by the Calvary Presbyterian Society, of Buf- -Here is an example worthy of imi- falo, N. Y. tation by large commercial corpora- tions: The Wells-Fargo Express Com- -Here are some cases of Christian pany, of San Francisco, for the tenth endeavor which bear the stamp of reality consecutive year, has made the clerks -genuineness. The Cherokee Indian of its city office members of the San delegate traveled 800 miles in order to Francisco Y. 1'1. C. A., taking out 136 get to the Colorado convention. Across memberships at $10 each, and giving the burning, broiling plains of Mexico its check for $1360 in payment. In two plucky Endeavorel's traveled. afoot connection with this bit of news, it is for eight days in order to attend the interesting to know that the American first national convention of Mexican railway corporations contribute $131,- Endeavor societies at Zacatecas. Other 000 annually to the work of the local delegates did almost as heroically. The Railroad Young Men's Christian Asao- societies of Laos (Siam) held their first eonvention a short time ago. Since and often antagonistic citizens into J~nuary, 1895, 20 societies have been homogeneous Americans." formed in a community of 3000 Laos Christians. The character of the con- -In Oberlin on June 23, the cornervention may be inferred from the state- stone of J ndson Cottage was laid with ment that one delegate took an eight appropriate ceremonies. 'l'his home days' journey to attend it. He walked for the children of missionaries will -be all the way over mountain and plain, a source of comfort to many anxious through forest and jungle, carrying his parents when called upon to endure own food and bedding, and sleeping the trial of separation from their chilwhere night overtook him. It was at dren at an age when the boys and girls this gathering that one of the delegates most need the influence of a Christian inquired, Will one who is not an En- home. deavorer get to heaven? -At the anniversary exercises of AMERICA. Yale Divinity School in May, the mem- ber of the graduating class who aroused United States.-We need not be the most enthusiasm in the audience surprised to learn that the death-rate was a colored man from Massachusetts, of New York is diminishing. With a graduate of Boston University. His the clean streets of the past year it subject was" The Preacher as a Social ought to decrease. No statistics have Reformer," and tbe vigor and good been issued, but President Wilson of sense of bis presentation of tbe needs the Health Board says that the death- of his race would have been apprecirate of the past six months is much less ated by tbose who imagine that colored than in any corresponding period for people are not the peers of their white years. Thatsomany down-town streets brethren.-Tke Independent. have been asphaJted no doubt contributes something to this result, as aiding -The editor of tbe Ledger (Calloway cleanliness. And now that the war County. Ky_) has taken this brave against the rear tenement is declared, stand: "All contracts for whiskey adwe may expect even better things in vertisements in the Ledger have expired, the matter of health, and no less in and from this date no whiskey advertisethat of morals. Dr. Jameson, instruct- ments shall appear in these columns at ing the summer corps of doctors last any price. If saloon people desire to week, told them that they would be expatiate on the merits (?) of any peculexpected to note down and report the iar brand of their damnation, they can position of every rear tenement in their look elsewhere for a medium through several districts, with direct reference which to extol their virtues. The Ledto the final abolition of this menace to ger makes no claims to sanctification, health and good order.-E1Jangelist. but when a saloon-keeper tells ns that a $6 advertisement in the Ledger "has sold -Out of a population of 338,000, the for him $1200 of whiskey, it makes us city of Buffalo has only about 175,000 feel that we have been, in a small meawho own English as their mother sure, responsible for the damage done, tongue. The Germans number 100,- and we promise ' to sin no more.' " 000, the Poles 59,000, the Italians 7,000, and 19,000 are classed as speaking -The American Board announces "every language under heaven." the receipt of a generous legacy by There are 35,000 Irish in the city. which provision is made for several of The welfare of the city, as of most its institutions. J. W. Porter, of Chitypical American cities, depends upon cago, a trustee under the will of Mrs. " the changing of these heterogeneous C. L. A. Tank, of Fort Howard, Wis., has remitted from Mrs. Tank's estate the noble sum of $55,000. Of this amount $35,000 are for North China de Janeiro. Mr. Tucker writes in the College, Tung-cho, for present needs BWle Society Record: "Some of the and endowment; $5000 for the Tank Arabs in Brazil come from parts of the Chapel and Bridgman School at Peking; world where there are Protestant mis- $5000 for the Williams Hospital at sions, for many of them already have Pang-chuang, and $2500 for buildings some knowledge of the Bible. Most of at Pang -chuang; $2500 for the Inter- them appear to be peddlers about the national Institute for Girls at San Se- streets. Some of them frequent the bastian, Spain; and $500 for Euphrates churches, a few of them having be- College. The remainIng $4500 are for come members of the Presbyterian general work in Papal lands, Mexico churches in Rio, San Paulo, and else- and the city of Pr&gue being men- where. Our colporteurs find them al- tioned. most everywhere, and have no dim- -After many years of most devoted culty in selling the Scriptures to them. and efficient service in Harpoot, Rev. Two young men, Arab merchants in C. H. Wheeler has returned to this Porto Allegro, one of whom was educountry, probably to pass the residue cated in Robert College, have been of his days. He easily takes rank with waiting some months for the books Cyrus Hamlin among the heroes of the which they want to sell to their fellow- Turkish Mission. countrymen in the State of Rio Grande do SuI." -The 142,089 Sunday-schools of the United States and Canada have 13,033,- -The Presbyterian Church, South, 175 teachers and scholars. gives these figures concerning its work in Brazil: Stations, 8; out-stations, 37 ; Mexico.-Amissionarywrites: "The nusslOnaries, 25; native ordained Salvation Army is not in Mexico. preachers, 5; candidates for the min- They are prohibited by the laws of the istry, 6; colporteurs, 3; other native country. Religious processions of all helpers, 5; churches, 19; communiclasses are forbidden; even priests are cants added in 1895, 178; total commuforbidden to go on the streets with nicants, 1075; houses of worship, 13 ; their robes, altho it is done in some day schools, 7; pupils in same, 138; parts. I nnderstand they are on the border in Texas trying to devise some girls' boarding schools, J; pupils in means by which they may enter. same, 10; native contributions, $2450.

-At a recent meeting two historic -About five years ago a Chilian Bibles'were shown by Rev. F. M. Gil- picked up a loose leaf of the New Testachrist, who said that from the reading ment from a pile of rubbish, read it, inof these Spanish Bibles had grown quired what it was, and, being told 4 Presbyterian churches and 1 ~lethod­ that it was a part of the Bible, he inist church among the Mexicans of quired where a Bible could be bought, Southern Colorado. One of these was and, having been offered one for $10, published in 1826. Forty years later, he was saving his money to buy it, a Mexican gave $10 in cash, a fat ox, when a colporteur passed his house, and traveled 350 miles to make pur- thrust a Bible through the partly opened chase of the prized volume. The sec- doorway, and asked if they wished to ond was also obtained at much cost by buy it for 20 cents. Quiroga could a Mexican who read it diligently, and hardly believe that the man was in lived and died with faith in Jesus. He earnest. He eagerly bought one. He never saw a Presbyterian minister ex- soon saw the light and began to hold cept on one occasion. meetings. When Rev. Francisco Jor- quera went to the north of Chile, look- South America.-A shipment of ing for the most promising place for Arabic Bibles has btlen received at Rio opening work, he found that Quiroga, in Taltal, had formed a group of about -The Universities' Mission statistics 50, who were all anxious to have a pas- for the year 1895 show receipts from tor. He immediately decided to locate all sources amounting to £24,621 and there, and, by his active endeavors, the expenditure £22,754. There were on work has spread in many parts. an average 83 English workers, 15 on furlough. The missionaries who were GREAT BRITAIN. in the field drew for personal expenses, in addition to the maintenance by the -In 1897 the thirteen hundredth an- mission, not more than an average of niversary of Augustine's landing in £9 each. Those who were at home on Kent, with his 40 missionaries for the furlough drew an avefl~ge of about £93 evangelization of Britain, will be cele- a year each. It is claimed that the brated. home expenses of the mission did not amount to more than 9 per cent of its -The British and Foreign Bible So- receipts. In the Zanzibar diocese there ciety distributes on an average over were 10 stations and 3 out-stations; in 13,000 copies of the Bible daily, nearly Nyasaland, 13 chief stations. The to- 4,000,000 a year. Its influence is cou- tal number of hearers, catechumens, tinually extending more widely over and baptized converts, in both dioceses the whole world, the Bible being now combined, number 5560. There are translated into the languages of nine 1173 boys and 523 girls in their schools. tenths of the human race. At the beginning of the century it had only been -After four years' work in Egypt, translated into the languages of one the North Africa Society rejoices in the fifth. baptism of its first convert, in the per· son of a young Arab Mohammedan, re- -The Church Missionary Society has cently come to Alexandria from Pales- 38 medical missionaries in East Afri- tine. He first heard the Gospel in the ca, Palestine, Egypt, Persia, India, English hospital at Jaffa. China, and British Columbia. In its hospitals 6432 in·patients were cared -Bethesda Church, Bristol, has a for last year, 417,000 visits were paid band of earnest young Christians who to out-patients, and 15,400 operations are joined together under the name of were performed. the Missionary Cheer Committee. This church, with some 1300 membars, has ,-To individuals, churches, etc., the 11 representatives in China, 7 in India, society named above propounds this 3 in South America, 3 in Spain, and 10 pertinent and very solemn question: in North and Central Africa, all wholly " Besides our 63 honorary missionaries, engaged in missionary work. Two of -no less thau 161 are now specially sup- the number in China are fully qualified ported by particular individuals, par- physicians, while several of the brethishes, unions, and associations. Of the ren and sisters scattered throughout 70 probably sailing this year, 9 have these countries have received various been already adopted. Why should courses of training in the healing art, not all the rest be taken up? Here is so seeking at the same time the help of good practical work for the next three the body with the healing of the soul. months. Holiday time, does some one The "M. C. C." have banded themsay? Well, here is a very good holi- sel ves together to collect from their felday task. Those who perform it will low church-members good current add a fresh and lasting happiness to Christian literature, and post the same their vacation. 'But,' says another, week by week to those in the foreign • I should have to stint myself.' Pre- field. cisely so I That is the true way to be happy. ' It is more blessed to give than -'fhis from the Ohurch Mi88ionarg to receive.' " Gleaner would seem to be not far from the truth: "Scottish foreign missions being 107 men, 48 wins, and 97 un- are among the most important in the married women. Of the men 53 are world, particularly in India and in ordained and 26 are physicians, and Southern and Central Africa. The 1 of the unmarried women is a phy- great Scotch colleges at Calcutta, Mad- sician.

ras, and Bornbay holu the front place " The population of Syria and Pales- in educational missions. Excellent vil- tine is not br from 2,600,000. This lage work is done in Bengal and the gives, on an average, 1 foreign laborer Punjab. The most successful of all to every 10,000 of the people. But it industrial missions is Lovedale in South should be borne in mind that a large Africa; and in Nyassaland, Blantyre, part of these laborers are engaged in and Livingstonia are famous mission educational work, having under in- stations. Scotchmen have been the struction not far from 19,000 children leaders also in medical missions. And and youths. For this reason certain if Scottish missionaries are named, a centres, like Beirut, Damascus, and long list of eminent ones can easily be Jerusalem, have more than their share given. of foreign laborers, while some of the ASIA. outlying districts have none. Beirut has 52 foreign laborers with a popula- Turkey. -Hafore the massacres, there tion of 100,000. Of these, 22 are in the were in Turkey, in connection with the Syrian Protestant College, and almost work of the American Board, 21 kin- all of the rest are in the various instidergartens, with an attendance of be- tutions, American, English, Scotch, and tween 850 and 900 children. All but German. Jerusalem, with a population 2 of these are carried on 'in the Arme- not half that of Beirut, has 28 laborers, nian or Turkish language. The one at who have charge of schools, hospitals, the Girls' College in Constantinople is and general evangelical work. Probtaught in English, and Greek is used ably few, if any, of the missionaries in with the little Greek chiluren at the Syria and Palestine would ask for any Smyrna Girls' School. increase in the number of foreign la- -The Rev. H. H. Jessup, in the borers, unless the restrictions of the MisBion WOl'ld, gives the following in- Turkish Government were relaxed, teresting statistics of mission work in and the two prohibited districts of Syria and Palestine: ,. One fact ap- Houran, south of Damascus, and the pears very plainly from a directory of Nusairiuyeh Mountains, north of Tri- foreign Protestant missionaries just poli and sou'theast of Antioch, were going through the American press in thrown open once more to missionary Beirut, and that is that this little sec- effort. "

tion of the' mission world' is well sup- plied with laborers. I include in Pales- India.-Professor W. W. White, tine the cities of Safed, Acre, and Gaza, now of Chicago Bible Institute, is soon and all the region between these points, to depart for India, to begin two years with the trans-Jordanic region south of of service in behalf of the many thou- Houran. Syria includes all north of sands of students in Calcutta. This Acre as far as the Taurus Mountains. city is one of the greatest educational There are in Syria and Palestine 252 centers of the world. It contains up- ..foreign la borers, men and women; 168 ward of 20 colleges and about double being in Syria and 84 in Palestine. Of that number of high schools. In these the 168 in Syria, there al'e men, 73; colleges are about 3000 students, and wives, 34; unmarried women, 61. Of in the senior classes of the high schools the 84 in Palestine, there are men, 34 ; about 2000 more who have an acquaint- wives, 14; unmarried women, 36. The ance with English. The actual con- totals of the 252 in Syria and Palestine stituency of students in Calcutta at any one time numbers about 5000. Of this elared that she had kept her-promise ; number, 3000 are strangers in the town, she had not sought to bring undue in- not living with parents or friends, but fluence, but that the l'esults were due in lodgings. In addition to the men to the power of the truth of God.

actually in college, there are at least There was much excitement, but no 50,000 English-speaking and non-Chris- manifestation of disturbance. Appar- tian natives. A very fine building has ently her fl.rm, heroic bearing overpow· been purchased by friends in Britain ered those who would have been glad and America, and an auditorium will to oppose her.-Independent.

soon be in readineSs seating 1000, and here Professor White will give instruc· -Mr. Holton writes from Manama- tion upon the Word of God. dura: "There is something peculiarly -The Guntur (American Lutheran) attractive about the work of the itinermission reports these seven great stumbo aey. It is a purely evangelistic work, lingblocks as characterizing the native going systematically from village to church: A non·observance of the Sab. village, and telling to all the good news bath, an indifference about the Lord's of the kingdom; like John the Baptist Supper, late coming to worship tho • in the wilderness' preparing' the way called, chattering and laughing during of the Lord.' It is the nearest to Jesus' service, misrepresentation' under the own way of life that we come-the prospect of present profit or loss, quar- early morning prayers, the start at rels arising from local affairs and petty . dawn, the long tramps over glaring lawsuits, and prevalence of caste out- sands, scorching rocks among patches of thorns, along the narrow paths upon side the house of worship. the dykes dividing the wet paddy- -Pundita Ramabai and her home for fields, under spreading banians or stin"

Hindu widows, near 'Bombay, has just gy, shadeless palms-proclaiming the had a peculiar experience. While she word of the Lord to the ever-ready herself is a pronounced Christian, in listeners, but hopelessly indifferent to starting her institution she preferred the truths they hear. One gets thereby to place it upon a foundation such as an insight into Christ's life, and realizes would not antagonize the Hindus. how He came to feel the need of nights This aroused considerable criticism of prayer and communion with God, when she started her work. The result to shake off the hopelessness, the de- has been that while making no effort spondency, the crushing sense of sin for direct Christian conversion, the gen· and neglect which lIe, the Holy One, eral influence of her own life and of the would feel so infinitely more than we home has been such that twelve of the do who are so sin-stained ourselves.

child widows have announced their ac· As one sees the dark and sordid lives, ceptance of Christianity. This aroused as one comes so frequently upon smoky, a great deal of opposition, and the stu- greasy images of rats and elephant.

dent class is reported as particularly headed gods, elay horses, and temples, Ivehement in its denunciation. She reo all bespeaking a debasing idolatry, solved then to go straight to them and when one sees the whole lives of thou- make her defense. In front of the hall sands bound up in the matters of food, a mob of these young men gathered, raiment, and property, the seventh day and there was fear of a disturbance. of the week one dead level of worldli- She addressed the audience with bold· ness, and the indifference with which ness and faithfulness, affirmed that the all turn from things celestial to the degradation of the community was due weak and beggarly elements of time to Hinduism, and that Christianity and sense, one's heart sinks within him, alone was able to lift them out of moral and the Satanic question springs up, degradation and helplessness. She de- , What is the use of all this foolishness of preaching, anyway?'" But, on in Siam does not seem to have affected the whole, he concludes that the task is unfavorably that portion of the work profitable and full of privilege. of the Laos mission which falls east of the boundary line agreed upon between -There was a Church Missionary the French and British territory. Dr. Denman writes from Chieng Mai that Society congregation in the Punjab the French influence at Chieng Saan, to the north, seems to have had no bad oofnfceer~owrhy.ebraesakeltivien kid was put into the effect on the work, the authorities hav- the Sunday serviee, ing said that the people will not be in- terfered with in their religion, and have and promptly jumped out again. Sun- even appointed a Protestant Christian as head man in one of the villages. All day, October 27th, was a great day in but four families, however, have crossed the river into Siamese territory in prefthe history of our work in Buland- erence to becoming French subjects. At Nan, the newest of all ihe stations, shahr. It was self·support day. From and the only one that falls in French territory-aItho some of the reports all parts of the district had been brought question this-Dr. Thomas writes that he was told that the French agent had in the gifts of the people during ten made it clear while he was at Nan that our mission work was to be allowed to months of this year. A procession, go on uninterrupted, and that he had even countermanded orders to the bishcomposed of young women and girls op concerning the sending of priests to Nan for the present.-Ohureh at Home carrying banners with appropriate and Abroad.

mottoes. marched into the tent singing, China. – The Dowager Empress, Tson Hsi, died June 19th, aged sixtyaccompanied by music from a brass two. She was the aunt of the present Emperor, whom she adopted and placed band. The young ladies sang a hymn on the throne in 1875, upon the death of her son, who succeeded his father as on self·support, which had been com- Emperor in 1850. It was she who made Li Hung Chang the Premier and posed for the occasion, and at its con· sustained him against the long intrigues with which he had to contend; and elusion they poured out their offerings her death may mean his permanent downfall. of silver, copper, and shells on the ta- -The Ohinese Recorder states that ble. After that the congregation were just before he left Shanghai for Eu- rope, Li Hung Chang was presented asked to bring up their offerings of with a copy of the Imperial New Testa- ment, ajalJ8imile of the copy presented money; and for several minutes the to the Empress Dowager. He received it graciously, and promised to read it pile of coins and shells in the center of daily on his voyage. He also expressed a kindly interest in the work of misthe table grew rapidly, amid shouts of sions, and said that on his return to China he would be pleased to do more " Yi8u Masih Ki Jai" (" Victory to to facilitate the cause.

Jesus Christ"). The name of each cir- cuit in the district was then called; and huge sacks of flour, grain, and Ilry bread were carried in. As each circuit brought in its gifts, the preacher in charge of the circuit read out the gifts presented. I made a note of the fol- lowing things which were given: Cash, Rs. 494: 7 : 3; flour, 1343 pounds; grain, 3180 pounds; dry bread, 849 pounds; red pepper, 20 pounds; fowls, 42; eggs, 113; pigs, 28; 1 pony, 5 pigeons, 1 goat, 1 buffalo calf, 1 lamb, 1 cow calf, 3 pieces of cloth, 1 brass lota, 8 wicker baskets, 13 winnowing- fans, 3 iron sieves, 1 broom, 1 coat, 1 earthen cup, and l' cap. The total value of these gifts is about Rs. 670, all of which was given by the native Christians, nearly all of whom are very poor."-Ohurch Mi8Bitmary Intelligen- oer.

-The extension of French influence -When any of our friends are sick would be seized for his past misdeeds. or injured, when one is born lame or Dr. John has written inviting both blind. when we pass in the street a per- Chou Han and Teng to visit Hankow son deformed in any way, our hearts and study Christianity for themselves. are filled with pity for them, and we -The ahristian. try at once to think if there is anything that we can do to make their lot in life -The city of Peking contains the oldless hard. But in China the case is est university in the world. It is called. different. Mr. Smith tells us, in his the Kwotszekien, or Schools for the "Chinese Characteristics," that there Sons of the Empire. The duties of seems to be no sympathy bestowed the faculty are somewhat difficult, for upon such unfortunates. Tho they in addition tu the instruction of the may not ue treated with absolute cruel- Ilcholars, they have to admonish the ty, theyai"') avoided and often twitted Emperor of that which is just and with their deformity, and are always good, to reprove him for his fauIts, and looked upon as being punished for have the hereditary privilege of schoolsome sin. It is quite the proper thing ing the members of his family in the for people in the street to stop and sciences and arts. A granite register, sneer at them, pointing out to others consisting of stone columns, 320 in their maimed limb or twisted back, number, contains the names of 60,000 calling them names, etc. graduates of the highest degree. These inscribed columns constitute the uni- -Dr. Griffith John, of Hankow, who versity roll of honor, and the record played a prominent part a few years goes back more than 600 years. ago in disclosing the true origin of the anti-foreign placards disseminated in -Our mission in Peking is benefiting the Yangtse valley, has recently pub- from this new and wonderful system lished in China an interesting statemeut of teaching reading invented by the in regard to Chou Han. This individ- Rev. W. H. Murray. This missionary ual was proved by Dr. John to be the has for some years worked among the author of many of the violent and ob- blind of the Chinese capital, altho the scene attacks on foreigners and on the war last year brought everything to a Christian religion which incited the standstill. This system appears to be mob to outrages on Europeans. The equally suited to blind and sighted Chiforeign ministers in Pekin demanded nese. It is so simple that the most ighis arrest and trial, and after a long in- norant and dull men and women learn terval the Chinese autharities reported to read and write fluently in periods of that he was insane, and he was accord- from one to three months. Farm womingly released. Dr. John now reports en, who had gone into Peking for the that two native Christians, who went winter, and who had joined our mission into Hunan preaching and selling there, have returned to their own homes, bQoks, entered Changsha, and there after two or three months, rejoicing in got into communication with Teng. being able to write as fluently as their who was one of the chief printers and clever countrymen can do after years publishers of Chou Han's writings. of hard study. The 408 sounds of Teng stated to his visitors that Chou Mandarin Chinese are represented by Han had greatly changed of late, that numerals, and the system is therefore he was now studying Christian books, called numeraltype.-L. M. S. ahronand had renounced Spiritualism and icle. his former anti-foreign associates. He would like to visit Hankow, and there ]apan.-A monthly magazine in the Inquire of the missionaries concerning English language, called The Far East, Christianity, but was afraid that he for Japanese readers, has just been started in Japan_ This willingness to adopt and be influenced by our modes of thought should stimulate to greater interior of the Dark Continent. Our diligence in bringing to Japanese knowl- plan, in brief, is to plant a chain of edge seekers in this country the founda- stations running northeast from Tuba- tion principles of the Gospel. budugo, 780 miles along the upper -Once more terrible earthquakes Niger to Timbuctoo, and another chain have shaken Japan, and this time the due east 550 miles to the same longiisland of Yesso, the extreme northern tude as Timbuctoo. This advance part of the empire. The latest official means invading French territory, on report places the loss of life, princi- the border of which we already are. pally from tidal waves following the Permission for this must be obtained earthquakes, at more than 30,000 ! from the French Government. This also means 24 new stations and 100 new -The evidence of the success of missionaries, each new station to erect, foreign missions in Japan is not to be and run one year. Including' outfit, found merely nor mainly in the addition passage money from New York, salaof 20,000 converts in ten years, but far more powerfully in the unseen but all- ries, and all transportation will cost pervading moral influence which they are exerting upon the people of Japan. $3063. Of course it will not be possible If it is true that, through the faithful to make all this advance in one year. preaching and holy living of the mis- Step by step we will follow Him. Two sionaries and their converts, the Jap- main departments of work are included, anese are adopting the ethics of Jesus itinerating and the training of native agents for future evangelization.

Christ, then the Japanese are very prac- -That a cry for funeral reform, in.

tically taking Christ for their Master. dited by a native pen, should reach us . Since they do it under no sort of con- from the Gold Coast, is oddly in keep- straint, they must do it willingly; and ing with the agitation, so familiar to if they are" willing to do the will" of us at home. for the same object.

the Father, it will not be long before .. Brandy," complains a native in one they shall •• know of the doctrine," of thc English West African papers, both of the Father and of the Son."- .. is present in excessive measure at Ohurch Stanaard. every heathen funeral." Two barrels of rum is the average outlay at the AFRICA. burial festivities of a fairly prosperous -A new Bishop of Africa! Bishop man. Public opinion, a fear of the Taylor for over fifty years has been displeasure of the deceased and the fean untiring itinerant evangelist in many tishman, lend their support to a funeral lands, heroic in spirit and in achieve- custom, which our native writer (a mfmt. Honored and beloved, and with heathen) earnestly desires to see brandthe weight of seventy-five years upon ed by the official veto.

him, the General Conference believed -For miles around Efulen the people he had no longer the strength needed have ceased to believe in witches, and to attend to the work required of a three witph doctors havc given up their Bishop for Africa. Dr. J. C. Hartzell calling gracefully and gone to work was elected and consecrated as his suc- building bark houses. It was only in cessor. He has shown himself a wise, the summer of 1892 that Dr. Good, faithful, and successful leader as Secre- making his preliminary exploration, taryof the Freedmen's Aid and South- struck the first blow at witchcraft in ern Education Society. He will fulfil 'Efulen.- Woman's Work/or Woman.

the expectations of those who elected -India has a large surplus populahim Bishop of Africa. tion, some of which has found its way -M. Francis writes thus of the effort already into Africa. The labor of Na- of the Missionary Alliance to reach the tal is performed in great part by natives of India, there being 51,000 of sets up as a tailor. Some now build them in that colony. Indian soldiers square houses for themselves, and a are the protection of Nyassaland. The number have bedsteads and chairs, so merchants who do a large part of the there has been some progress. We also business at East African ports are from do a little medical work-binding up India. sores and wounds, etc. When I Went -Mrs. Laura II. Bates writes thus in there first, after perhaps spending weeks the Missionary Herald: "The Chris- treating a sore or wound, we were fretian homes scattered up and down the quently asked by the patient for paywhole colony of Natal; the family ment. But this last year in three cases life, no longer mere animal existence, the natives offered to pay a fee. but a circle where love reigns and Christ is the 'unseen Guest;' the W~ have about 500 regularly attendchanged faces, marking the inward ing schools in the various stations of transformation; the gradual undermin- the district. The scholars are not very ing of degrading social customs; the far advanced. About 150 can read and development of wants which force the write. We have 15 teachers-R boys indolent native to wholesome exertion; and 7 girls-receiving an average pay the elevation of woman, no longer a of one shilling per month, able at least drudge, a slave, a piece of :property to to read their Testament, etc. The be bought and sold, but an individual, chief has actually got in his employ two a treasure, ' a crown to her husband; , scribes who have run away from the mission.

the awakening of a thirst for knowl· -M. Coillard, who is returning from edge which packs 130 girls into build- the Zambesi broken down in health, ings planned for 60, which fills the girls' writes thus from Kazungula, where he school at Umzumbi so full that the crossed the Zambesi: "What a differdoors must be closed against other ap- ence between the voyage to-day and plicants for lack of funds; the arous- that of 1884 I Then there was not a ing of a feeling Cof dissatisfaction with soul in this immense country who knew heathen homes and surroundings, which the name of the Lord, much less prayed compels the opening of :a home for to Him. We sang our hymns in the scores of runaway girls who flee for desert, and they were lost without echo. succor to the missionaries-these are Now, the Lord hath done great things some of the signs that the leaven of for us, and we give Him thanks. This the Gospel is working in the hearts of very station of Kazungula, with its the people of Natal, and will work large village, where all is so prosper-', until the whole lump is leavened." ous, bears witness to it. We count -Says W. G. Robertson, in TIle 5 flourishing stations, and in each of Ohristian, concerning a station of the them a greater or smaller number ot'

Livingstonia Mission to Nyassaland: Zambesians who profess to have found " When I first went to Livlezi, there the Savior. But what fills me with were no Europeans nearer than 120 joy and gratitude toward God is our miles-viz., Blantyre. So you can un- school of evangelists with its 10 pupils.

derstand that the natives knew little of And now M. and Madame Mercier are Europeans or European workmanship. going to build again the ruins of Sefula, We had to build our own houses, first and to open there at last our industrial of wattle and mud, but latterly of school. Are not these the .rays which brick. We had to teach brickmaking announce the dawn of that day when and building, and we have now 6 or 7 the glory of God shall shine in this land, who C{Ul saw timber or do simple joinery and the darkness of heathendom melt work. We have some brickmakers and away?"-JO'UrnaZ des Missiom l&an- builders, and also one little chap who geUques.