The Missionary Review of the World — May 1937

1937

A Visit to the Ainu of Japan Winburn T. Thomas Facts About Evangelism in Japan John Cuthbertson Why and How Should Christians Unite E. Stanley Jones The Centenary of Presbyterian Missions Herrick Black Young New Moving Pictures of Africa W m. L. Rogers How Christ Changes Life in Burma Brayton C. Case Missionaries Through Colored Glasses H. Kerr Taylor 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember due to my wife, to her beautiful, un-

May 2-Rural Life Sunday. CAMP.of.the·WOODS selfish Christian life." May 10000Luncheon of the Council of *** ~ '-"'-=N ./ ronLdaakceksP,leNaseawnt, in the Adi- Women for Home Missions, Hotel York. Alti- Dr. A. H. Henderson, veteran Bap- Biltmore, New York. tist missionary to Burma, died Feb- May ll–General Conference, United tude of 2,000 feet amid ruary 21 in Burma. Together Dr. Bl'ethren in Christ, Chambersburg, picturesque surroundings. An unusual and Mrs. Henderson have given al- Pa. place for rest, relaxation, moral uplift, most forty-four years of service to May 16-World-wide Day of Prayer. good cheer and delightful fellowship in the Shan people, May 18-21- National Convention of the Evangelical Women's Union, the Great 'Outdoors. Ocean-like beach, **• St. Louis, Mo. safe bathing, canoeist's paradise, golf, May 20-25 – Northern Baptist Con- hiking, tennis, baseball, mo~ntain climb- Bishop William Oldham of the vention, Philadelphia, Pa. ing and other sports. Th1rty – seventh Methodist Episcopal Church, who for May' 26-General Assembly, United consecutive season. Gentile- Protestant many years had been a missionary in Presbyterian Church, Oak Park, Ill. clientele. Accommodations for men, – Asia and South America, died on May 27-General Assembly, Presby- women, and children, in twenty-two di- March 27 at Glendale, California, at terian Church in U. S. A., Colum- visions. Ninety counsellors, seventy the age of eighty-two. Wm. F. Old- bus, Ohio. young people in orchestra, sixty in b~nd. ham was born in Bangalore, India, the July 5-16-New Jersey Summer No jazz, dancing, or card plaY1ng. son of a British army officer. After School for Christian Workers, Women do not smoke. Physical and completing his education at the Madras Blairstown, N. J. spiritual health emphasized. Excellent Christian College, he heard an address July 8-13 – International Christian food-quality and quantity. Dining hall bv William Taylor, the evangelist, in Endeavor Convention. seats 625. Camp fills to capacity every 1875, and as a result decided to enter July 12-36 – World Conference on season. Early registration necessary. the ministry. Later he became a mis- Life and Work. Oxford, England. Rates reasonable. A beautifully illus- sionary of the Methodist Episcopal August 3-18 – World Conference on trated booklet, VACATION DAYS, giv- Church and went to Singapore. In Faith and Order. Edinburgh, Scot- ing information, mailed free on request. 1916 he was elected a bishop of the land. Address GEORGE F. TIBBITTS, Director, Church, and was assigned to South CAMP – of – the -WOODS, Speculator, America with headquarters in Buenos SUMMER CONFERENCES AND Hamilton County, New York. Aires. In many countries of South SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS America, in India and Malaysia, schools and churches were named in Council of Women for Home Mis- honor of Bishop Oldham. He was the sions and Affiliated with the L. Fry served as pastor in Lancaster, author of "Thoburn – Called of God" Committee on Women's Work, Pa., from 1881 until 1901, and then and other volumes. Foreign Missions Conference in Philadelphia for seven years. In 1926, after forty-seven years in the (List to be completed next month) ministry, he was special representa- tive of the Foreign Mission Board for We plan and plan, then pray June 20-26-Boulder, Colorado. the United Lutheran Church's field That God may bless our plan. June 21-27-Winona Summer School work in Buenos Aires. He had al- But hearken! God saith, "Pray!" And He will show His plan, of Missions. For information write ready served as Executive Secretary And lead us in His shining way to Mrs. John W. Walter, 1034 of the Lutheran Board of Church Ex- That leadeth on to perfect day. Mapleton Ave., Oak Park, Illinois. tension. June 26-July 3-Eagles Mere, Pa., **• JESSE ANDREWS. Miss Muriel C. Post, 907 Lindley Ave., Logan, Philadelphia. Mrs. George P. Pierson, an honor- II If you use July 7-15-Northfield, Mass. ably retired missionary of the Pres- June 17-26-Geneva Summer School. byterian Board of Foreign Missions, PRINTING Geneva, Wis. U. S. A., died on March 12, 1937, at July 17-24-Mt. Hermon, Calif. Philadelphia, Pa. Ida Goepp was YOU will profit from an ac- July 19-23-Bethesda, Ohio. born in Easton, Pa., on April 21, quaintanceship with us. We 1862; was graduated from Normal do the job complete in our own Obituary Notes College, now Hunter College, New plant. whether it be large Qr York, in 1883, and later studied in small. Grant K. Lewis, former Executive Switzerland and France. In 1890 she Secretary of the department of church was appointed by the Domestic and While our specialty is Books, development and evangelism in the Foreign Missionary Society of the Mag~ines and Pamphlets, yet division of Home Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church to go to we have a variety of modem United Christian Missionary Society Japan where she taught in St.. Mar- equipment to meet all the reof the Disciples Church, died Feb- garet's Girls' School in Tokyo. On quirements of your particular ruary 22, at his home in Little Rock, June 12,1895, she was married to the job. You will find our service Ark., at sixty-eight years of age. Rev. George P. Pierson, a mission- prompt, careful and courteous. He was at the time of his death state ary of the Presbyterian Board in secretary' of the Arkansas Christian Japan. Mrs. Pierson was a fearless, Will you allow us to estimate Missionary Society. tireless and capable missionary, al- on your next printing? We be- ways ready to go to any part of the lieve you will be delighted with ••• field where there was need for vig- our product, price and service. orous pioneer service. She and Dr. The Rev. Charles Livingston Fry, Pierson exerted a broad and abiding The EVANGELICAL PRESS D.D., a retired Lutheran clergyman influence in the great northern island, who had held many church offices, Hokkaido. She was the author of the Print…. of died at his home in Germantown, on The Mwionary Review of the W01'Id March 19. He was 78 years old and book, "How the Holy Spirit Came to was born in Carlisle, Pa., the son of PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE the Rev. Dr. Jacob Fry. Dr. Charles the Hokkaido, Japan." After 38 years Third and Reily Streets Herrlsburg, P•• of service they were honorably re- tired in 1928. • * • Mrs. Annie Pennock Smith, wife of Gipsy (Rodney) Smith, died in Call}- bridge, England, March 5. In hIS autobiography Gipsy Smith wrote: "I do not think I shall ever know in this world how much of my success is

MISSIONARY Personal Items

REVIEW OF THE WORLD Dr. Worth M. Tippy has accepted. to the DELAVAN L. PIER80N, Editor a new responsibility in connection with the churches and social service ORIENT VOL. LX MAY, 1937 No.5 in Washington, D. C. He is to con- duct a special study and txperiment ROUND-TRIP REDUCTIONS publication and Business Office– to work out more adequate coopera- Third and Reily Ste., Harrisburg, Pa. tion between religious forces and Special Summer rates go into community agencies of the cIty. The effect May 15. Round trip to Editorial and Executive Office– experiment is being financed by a Yokohama, $256 up Tourist 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. group of laymen. Class; $456 up First Class. Entered as second-class matter at Similar reductions to other ports. *** Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under • Act of March 3, 1879. Dr. Robert M. Hopkins, General 10 DAYS TO YOKOHAMA Secretary of the World's Sunday 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. :::>chool t,;onvention, sailed for Europe Go direct fromVancouverand Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. and AfrIca, March 24, largely to pre- Victoria in 10 days by Em- 'Published monthly, except August. pare for the Thirteenth world's Sun- press oj Asia or Empress oj All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1937. day School Convention which is to b~ Russia. Only 3 more days via British agents – Marshall, Morgan held in South AfrIca in 1940. ThIS Hawaii by Empress ojJapan and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, will be the first representative Chris- (fastest ship on the Pacific) London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, tian world gathermg scheduled for or Empress oj Canada. Con- 10 shillings a year. the continent of Africa, outside of nect at Honolulu from Cali- l!;gypt. fornia ports. Low round-trip MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- fares include passage from LISHING CO., INC. *** and to Seattle. BOARD OF DIRECTORS • Facilities are available for George C. Stebbins, long an asso- the celebration of ROBERT E. SPEER, President ciate of D. L. Moody and composer of Holy Mass. A. L. WARN8HUI8, Vice-President Gospel hymns, celeorated his ninety- WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer first birthday, It'ebruary 26. At a ~r;a+ DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary service in honor of the event several hymns were sung, the music of which For rates and sailings, see SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT was composed by Mr. Stebbins. YOUR TRAVEL AGENT or Cana- Among these were "Some Day the dian Pacific: New York, Chi- WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN Silver Cord Will Break," "Have ca~o, San Francisco, 38 other D. J. FANT Thine Own Way, Lord," "There Is a cities in U. S. and Canada. Green Hill Far Away," "Take Time MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD to Be Holy," and "I've Found a WM. B. LIPPHARD Friend, 0, Such a Friend." ERIC M. NORTH SAMUEL M. ZWEMER *** Editorial Chat Dr. Eric M. North, General Secre- tary of the American BIble Society, Will you write to the editor of the saIled for Japan and China, February REVIEW? To serve the cause of Christ 20. This is the first visit of a Secreeffectively, and to help our readers, it tary of the American Bible Society to is important that the REVIEW shall the Far hoast in twenty-three years. not only stand true to the Word of Dr. North will study a new policy of God and give a Christian view of the cooperation with the British and Forworld, but that we meet your need for eign Bible SocIety and the Nation.ll information, suggestion and inspira- l:hble Society of :::>cotland, lookmg tion. To do this we must keep in liv- toward the creation of a Biule Society ing touch with our readers. in China.

Will you write to us to say how the *** REVIEW may help you and your work more definitely? What type of edi- Dr. Ikuzo Toyama, of the Imperial torials or articles would you like? University, Japan, has been elected How can our "M,ethods" Department president of St. Paul's University, serve you better – in suggestions on Tokyo, to succeed Dr. S. Kimura who missionary programs, addresses, work resigned last year. Dr. Toyama has with children and young people, mis- had an active interest in the Chrissionary education in the home or tian Church for the past thirty years. church, best books and periodicals on missions and mission lands? *** We ask not praise for what the RE- Dr. T. T. Lew, professor in the VIEW is doing, but constructive criti- School of Religion in Yenching Unicisms and suggestions. Will you co- versity, Peiping, has been appointed operate with us? a member of the legislative branch of the Chinese National Government. He *** has thus joined the growing number of Christians participating in the If you like the REVIEW, will you Government at Nanking, and will recommend it to others? Here is what have a distinct contribution as an edusome readers say: cator and a Christian to make to the formulation of national policies. "Your magazine is indeed helpful, particularly to those who have any- *** thing to do with the presentation of missionary programs." Rev. John W. Bowman, of the Presbyterian Punja(} Mission, India, MRS. E. A. LOWER. in view of the problem of the educa- Cincinnati, Ohio. tion of the children, has accepted a call for service in the Western The- *** ological Seminary of Allegheny, Penn- sylvania. "I congratulate you on the high levels which the MISSIONARY REVIEW [225 ] continues to hold. I have just been running through the March number."

ERNEST GORDON. Wayne, Pa.

AINU CHIEF AND HIS WIFE OBSERVING A "SAKE"

AN AINU CHIEF IN THE MIDST OF HIS HOUSEHOLD TREASURES A VISIT TO THE AINU OF NORTH JAPAN (see page 231)

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 5 MAY, 1937 Topics of the Times THE MILITANT GODLESS PROPAGANDA Congress was to promote world-wide agitation There are clear signs that the forces opposed to against all religion but chiefly against Christian- God and His sovereignty are becoming more and ity, and to establish an international fund for more aggressive in their battle against all religion antireligious propaganda. These agitators are -or recognition of a superhuman power to which opposed to liberty of conscience for they deny the man is subject. In some cases this anti-God atti- right to teach Christianity but insist on the right tude and activity takes the form of materialism; to teach atheism. The Christian Press Bureau in other cases extreme militarism, nationalism or says: the promotion of physical self-indulgence. In Weare confronted with a world-girdling organiza~ion America there are reported to be "anti-God" so~ against religion, an irrefutable testimony that the Church cieties in schools and colleges. In Russia and will meet an organized opposition whose equal has never other communistic circles there is active propa- been known in the history of the world. Probably there ganda with training of youth against any belief in have always been godless and atheists; and many and a superhuman God. Perhaps the sharpest, most strong attempts have been made to conquer Christianity. concerted attack on Christ and all religion in the But these attempts have, for the most part, been rather history of the world centers in Russia today. planless and scattered. One can think about the great French Revolution when they first "deposed" God and In Russia, Joseph Stalin, the Secretary~Gen­ later, after further consideration, appointed Him again; eraI of the Communist Party, and the practical or about the war of the Roman Empire against Chrisdictator of Soviet Russia, is almost deified but at tianity which, however, in all its recklessness and bruthe same time is bitterly opposed to any belief in tality was groping and uncertain. Now, however, it is an God. The Swiss Protestant Press Service reports announced unswerving intention to eradicate all religion (in The Dawn) a recent speech in which he said: and every religious conviction and feeling.

We consider all religion as our worst enemy. The In Russia this war has been going on for eighteen years, struggle against religion must be carried on relentlessly. and the goal is to deprive 160,000,000 people of God and There can be no compromise with religion whose aims are every thought about God. Already the Red Government basically opposed to ours. We may change our tactics in has beaten every record. In the old Russland there were the struggle against religion. Violence was used during 120,000 churches and chapels, and over half of these have the past 20 years, but now intellectual means must be now been entirely destroyed, and many are being used adopted. The final stage will be reached when religion as clubs for the godless, as theatres, and as storage will only exist as a thing of past history. This is our goal. houses. In Moscow alone eight hundred churches and monasteries have been destroyed or closed. Last year, in Russia, 14,000 churches, chapels, synagogues and other places of worship were It is estimated that in these eighteen years, 42,800 closed, and the· Secret Police took proceedings clergymen have been placed in Russian Concentration against 3,687 priests of all religions, of whom 29 Camps! The methods are chiefly violence and force, but were condemned to death. According to the Rus- economic coercion is used also. According to statements sian Constitution of 1929, atheism is the only made by Stalin they will now stop using violence and begin creed that is conceded the right to active propa- a so-called "spiritual war." It had been estimated that ganda. all religion should have been eradicated by the first of May this year, but a delay must be allowed for. They The Christian Press Bureau of Copenhagen, still have the goal in mind, however: the last church Denmark, reports a "World Congress of the God- must be closed, the last clergyman must be removed. less" on February seventh, with 1,600 participants from forty-six countries. The chief object of the In Russia the movement of atheism has 6,900 club houses, 146 schools of atheism, 102 educational establish- ments, eighty antireligious museums. In Moscow from one to two million antireligious publications are sent out eV~~::~:'war is going to be made international! A mark of the godless is going to be sent out, and rules of pro- [227 ]

cedure are going to be drawn up in twelve different lan- One of the most encouraging things in the scienguages. For many millions of rubles there is going to be tific world is the trend toward Christianity among erected in Russia an atheistic radio station; they already the great thinkers. Professor C. A. Chant, Ph.D., have an agitation fund amounting to 19,000,000 rubles professor of astro-physics in Toronto University, and expect that a lottery will net 50,000,000. said recently, "I have no hesitation in saying that at least 90 per cent of astronomers have reached There is no. survey for the movement of atheism scat- the conclusion that the universe is not the result tered through the various countries, which they are now of blind law, but is regulated by a great Intellitrying to unite, but a peculiar exhibition in the Vatican a gence. Slowly but surely the mind of the great short time ago shows that there is work going on in is returning to the Creator and the.God of Provi- Russia, Spain, France, Belgium, England, the Danubian dence." countries, and the United States. TO CLOSE MISSION SCHOOLS IN KOREA Nothing good can be expected from the Moscow Congress and the Christian community in all countries ought The crisis is on in Korea for the Shrine probto be on the alert. lem is not yet settled. The Japanese Government persists in its demand that pupils and teachers in But, while the Bezbojriks (Godles,s League) is Christian mission schools attend the ceremonies attempting to establish antireligious, schools to at the shrines and bow in homage to the spirits train "missionaries of atheism," these propagand- of national heroes supposed to be present there. ists are not having an easy time-and never will. Japanese officials have stated that this "act of A recent Associated Press dispatch from Moscow obeisance is only a display of national patriotism" (March 17) says: but when Christians have tried to persuade the Bureau of Education to make a public statement "Antireligious organizations virtually have col- that would satisfy the Christian conscience, the lapsed in Moscow and Moscow Province, Emelyan Japanese would not deny that the obeisance was Yaroslavsky, president of the Atheist League, re- made to spirits actually dwelling in the shrines. ported to a stormy Moscow district meeting of the The Japanese have also clearly stated that an- Communist party. He declared that district coun- cestor worship is considered a "fundamental vircils of the Militant Godless (Atheist) League had tue in the Orient." disbanded throughout the Moscow area and that many regional councils had been liquidated. The military party in Japan seems to be be- Pravda, the Communist party newspaper, asserted hind the move to compel all schools in the Empire that Atheist League membership has fallen from to attend the Shrine ceremonies and to bow in 5,000,000 to 2,000,000 in the last three years. reverence there. It is a part of the movement to There are at least 30,000 churches still open for unite Japanese subjects in their reverence for the worship in Soviet Russia and we are informed Emperor, the national heroes and in the Shinto that 50% of the Russians hold to their faith in faith. No schools, pupils or teachers are excused, God. In many rural communities church clubs though in some districts the rule is not strictly enare being formed to combat irreligion. Five anti- forced. The Japanese are also said to be planning religious museums have recently been closed in to place a Shinto shrine in every Korean village so Russia." that the observance of the ceremonies may be universal. The only way to combat successfully such a propaganda is the way Christ combated godless- The mission schools have had an immense inness-by showing the evidence of God's love and fluence on the Koreans. For thirty years they power, redeeming and regenerating men so that were practically the only schools offering modern they in turn go out in loving sacrificial service to education. Christian missionary schools are scatbring men and nations into harmony with the tered throughout the country while academies and Will of God, as revealed in Christ. Men will yet institutions of higher education have been built at learn that it is worse than useless for feeble crea- foreign expense in the large cities. The total tures to fight against Almighty God. number of pupils under Christian instruction was 100,000 in 1935. These schools have always True scholars and scientists are not atheists taught good citizenship and obedience to the laws for they realize how little they know in compari- of the country._ son with the vast realm of knowledge concerning the universe. The Korean Christians believe and obey the Bible as the Word of God. They are a praying, Dr. Lorenz, the famous Austrian surgeon, when working Church and have learned what it means asked by a New York newspaper reporter as to to suffer for their faith. Now they are convinced the effect of his scientific investigations on reli- that obeisance at the Shinto Shrines is incongious faith, replied, "Does medical science or any sistent with worship of God as He is revealed in other science tend to destroy belief in God? My Christ. Many of the missionaries hold the same friend, you are young, I am old. Science truly pursued does not tend to destroy belief in God. The pursuit of scientific knowledge makes an honest man humble. It makes him realize how little he knows. It makes him believe in God."

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

view-though some are willing to accept the Jap- that we feel constrained to adopt this course, anes,e statement that the ceremony is only knowing that it involves the loss of educational patriotic. opportunities for large numbers of families and that it will bring distress to our teachers and mis- One of three positions is possible for the Korean sionaries who have given life and devotion to this Christians-(l) to obey the Japanese edict and work. throw the responsibility on the Government; (2) to have mental reservations and give only 6. It is not our purpose to dispute the demands outward obedience, while claiming to bow only that the authorities have made upon our schools out of respect to the memory of the illustrious . . . but merely to announce our decision under dead; or (3) to refuse obedience to human edicts the circumstances to withdraw from the field of that most Christians believe involve disloyalty to secular education in an orderly manner. Christ, and to suffer the consequences. 7 and 8. As the first natural step in the liquida- The leading missions in Korea are the Amer- tion of the educational work, the Mission is enican Presbyterians (Northern and Southern joined not to receive new pupils for the entering Churches), the Australian and Canadian, Meth- class of the new semester in April. … If there odists (North and South), the British Church of should be circumstances in any particular school England (S. P. G.) and a few independent mis- rendering even its temporary continuation inadsions. The Methodists have decided to comply visable, the Mission is authorized to close such with the Government edict on the basis of the as- schools at once. surance that the rite is only patriotic. The Presbyterian Mission (North) has voted to refuse 9. During the period of liquidation the schools compliance on the ground that the ceremonies are shall continue as heretofore to promote good religious and idolatrous. The Missionary Com- citizenship, to foster love of country, to teach mittee of the Presbyterian Church, South, with respect for law and authority, and to inculcate the the unanimous ascent of their Korea Mission, has highest principles of loyalty and patriotism. . . . taken the definite stand that their mission schools cannot comply and that they will therefore take 10. Regarding the disposal of school properties steps to close these schools and withdraw from the in this emergency, we cannot approve their transfield of secular education. Their decision is con- fer for school purposes either by gift, loan, rental tained in the following statement from the Com- or sale to any group or organization that would be mittee in Nashville, Tennessee, sent to their unable to maintain the Christian principles upon Korean missionares: which our schools have stood. . . . While our de- cision to desist from secular education in Korea "After careful consideration of the situation is definite and resolute as long as our schools are confronting our schools in Korea, the Executive subject to present requirements, we cannot but Committee of Foreign Missions of the Presby- express the hope that the authorities may yet terian Church in the United States (South) pre- recognize the sincerity of our purpose to help and sents to its Korea Mission the following statement the reluctance with which we have taken this step, of policy to be followed in the problems now af- and provide some way by which loyal friends of fecting our educational work: Japan may be enabled to fulfil their mission of service without compromise of Christian prin- 1. Weare grateful for the years during which ciples. we have been permitted to have a part in providing educational opportunities for the Korean An honored missionary of the Presbyterian Church (North) gives the reasons why he cannot people. bow at the Shrines or vote in favor of compliance 2. We desire through the Mission to express to by the Mission. These reasons are: the Government our sincere appreciation of the 1. The act of obeisance at these Shinto Shrines freedom and protection that have been accorded is truly religious and therefore indolatrous. us in our educational work in the past. 2. A Japanese police officer at the Meiji Shrine 3. Even now we desire nothing more than that declared that Ka,mi-san is the same as God. In we might continue our educational work under Kwangju pupils were asked to clap their hands to the same conditions that have obtained hereto- attract attention of the spirits in the shrine.

fore. . . . 3. The military authorities are forcing com- 4. Nevertheless, in view of recent developments pliance because they think that Amatorasu-Omi- Kami (Sun-Goddess. and mythical ancestress of that seem to render impossible the continuation of the Japanese Imperial House) is their God who our educational work without compromise of gives victory. Christian principle we hereby reluctantly instruct our Korea Mission to take appropriate steps for 4. The shrines are a part of the Japanese non- Christian religious system. The whole shrine systhe closing of our schools. tem heads up at Ise a center of Japanese worship 5. We have pondered deeply the consequences in which sacrifices are performed every year.

of this action, and it is with sincerest regret

5. Other departments of the Government de- throughout the world. God's promise has been clare State Shinto to be religious and superior to and is being abundantly fulfilled, "My word shall Christ. One high Government official declared not return unto me void." Missionaries, preachthat Orientals are polytheists in contrast to. Occi- ers, teachers, evangelists, and other devout and dentals who are monotheists. widely used men and women in all walks of life, continue to testify that it was through Dr. Pier- An educational official said: "We think of son's ministry they were led to Christ, were in- Amatorasu-Omi-Kami and of Jehovah as being spired with missionary zeal, were given a hunger one and the same." for deeper Bible knowledge, were made more effective Christian workers or were brought into 6. No Christian school will be excused from do- the experience of a higher spiritual life. ing obeisance at the shrines. No centenary celebration has been held on 7. The Korean Christians are convinced that earth to commemorate the birth of Arthur T. the ceremony is religious and anti-Christian. But Pierson but many both here and in the presence the basis of judgment is the Bible, not personal of the angels thank God that he was born, and opinion. The missionaries must set an example was born again and was called into the ministry of loyalty to Christ in spite of Government threats of Christ. His labor was not in vain for it was and opposition. "in the Lord."

It is a serious question which deeply involves Among the many examples of his abiding and the future of the Church in Chosen. It is disturb- living influence, we note a recent paragraph by ing to think of the great Christian educational Mr. Ernest Gordon (son of Dr. A. J. Gordon) in work coming to an end and the youth deprived of the Sunday School Times. He says: training under efficient Christian teachers. Already Dr. Geo. S. McCune, President of the Union "Ethel Gray is a teacher of English in an Christian College of Korea, has been obliged to Argentine family and earnest in Christian testiwithdraw from the field. But anything is prefer- mony. She writes of a sermon by Dr. Arthur T. able to a denial of Christ. One with God is still Pierson which she translated into Spanish and a majority and He can overrule the decrees of gave to an atheist student. He read it through men-as He has often done in the Roman Empire, carefully several times, appearing thunderstruck, in India, in China and other lands since the be- and then said he 'knew many young fellows who ginning of history. We honor the Presbyterian wanted to know just what was explained here.' Church, South, for their courage and loyalty. So he retranslated it into beautiful Spanish, and Miss Gray had a thousand printed for distribu- THE ARTHUR T. PIERSON CENTENARY tion."

This is a year when some 'important centenaries One evidence of his abiding ministry is the conare celebrated-among them that of D. L. Moody, tinuing testimony of THE REVIEW. This monthly and the founding of the Board of Foreign Mis- organ of world-wide missions still stands, as it sions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. stood in Dr. Pierson's day, for the authority of In the same year as the great Foreign Mission the revealed Word of God; for deity of Jesus Board was born, Arthur T. Pierson, the powerful Christ, His supremacy and His all-sufficiency as missionary advocate came into the world-March the Saviour of men through faith in His death on 6, 1837. He gave full fifty years of his life to the Cross; for belief in the Holy Spirit and our preaching the Gospel of Christ, lecturing and dependence on Him to make ministry effective. writing on Biblical themes and promoting interest The REVIEW is published because we believe in in missions throughout the world. He was for the need of all men for pardon and new life twenty-five years the Editor-in-Chief of this RE- through union with Christ and in the duty of VIEw-from 1888 until he was called "home" on every Christian to help carry out the commission June 4, 1911. In addition to his ministry of of Christ to "go into all the world and preach the preaching, pastoral work in large churches, lec- Gospel to every creature." THE REVIEW is deditureS! and addresses at Bible conferences, writing cated to the work of making known the supreme articles and editorial work, Dr. Pierson wrote need of men for regeneration and to the testimony some fifty books on the Bible and spiritual life, of what God is doing today through His servants Christian apologetics, biographical, preaching and in all parts of the world. We are not bound to . missionary themes. These have had a wide cir- any particular branch of the Church of Christ but culation, some translated into several languages stand for the unity of all who are truly united to and still widely read. Him. May THE REVIEW continue to be a faithful witness until Christ returns, according to His The messages of this eminent servant of God promise, until His reign is established and the will were truly vitalized by the living Word of God, of God is done "on earth as it is in Heaven." as is evident by their continued influence in the hearts and lives of consecrated men and women

A Visit to the Ainu of North

By WINBURN T. THOMAS, Kyoto, Japan Missionary of tbe Presbyterian Cburcb, U. S. A., 1933- MOST visited of the Japanese Ainu villages "These are the staves on which we set the heads is Shiraoi, Hokkaido. When we arrived of the bears after our bear-festival," he began. at this small station we were a bit sur- We noted that all the skulls that still hung toprised to be approached by a small Ainu lad who gether were covered with a green mold.

asked in perfect Japanese, "Do you wish to see "You haven't had a bear festival recently," we the buraku (a corruption of 'block')?" He then observed.

assumed the role of guide and began to lead us "No; bears are getting fewer and harder down the main road of the village, keeping up a to catch, so that we cannot observe the festivals."

constant stream of conversa- We noted that there was no tion. cub at the front of the house, "Do many foreigners come The Ainu, the aborigines from which we inferred that here?" we inquired. of Japan, live in Hokkaido, times had not been so good for "Not very many. Most of the large northern island. the Shiraoi Ainu.

them are Japanese." They were once a numerous "How do you get your ani- "Do you often act as people but there are now only mals for the ceremony?" about 17,000 surviving memguide?" bers of the race. They are "We go out in the snow and "Yes, during the vacation a hardy people, of small stat- wait for the bear to come from ure and their older men are his cave. Then we shoot him months. During the school distinguished by their long with an arrow poisoned with year I haven't time." beards. They are not cleanly the root of a weed, beaten to in their habits, not being ac- pulp and dried. After an "Do you attend Japanese school ?"

"Oh, no. We Ainu have our customed to bathing and are arrow, treated with this poison, own schoo1." much given to drunkenness. enters the bear's body, the ani- "You are taught in Japa- By disposition they are mild mal dies in twenty minutes. and amiable, and live mostly nese?" by hunting and fishing. Their The poison goes through the "Of course. I don't know religion is nature worship blood stream and hardens into but .in recent years the young a stone which we cut out. The· much Ainu." people are being educated remainder of the animal is fit We learned that at other and some have become Chris- for food. We consider the tians. Rev. John Batchelor, inner organs especially deli- Ainu villages, the aborigines a retired missionary of the cious." and the Japanese attend the Church Missionary Society, same schools. "Where is the chief?" we in~ "How do you make your liv- ing?" we asked our guide. has been called ~~The Apostle quired.

"By fishing, by getting out- to the Ainu." "In here. Will you come in side labor jobs, and by truck and talk with him?"

farming." We entered the crude struc- "Who lives in all those thatched houses?" ture. The entrance floor was dirt but the living "That is the beginning of the Ainu 'block.' room was on a raised wooden dais, the floor of Most of us live in these straw houses. There are which was covered with a rough straw matting.

nearly one hundred of them, although a few per- In the center was a hearth, on which a charcoal sons have houses built of wood." fire was burning. To the left of the fireplace (the We soon found ourselves inside a small com- most sacred place in the home since the Ainu pound, and we saw an unshaved young man in worship the fire god) sat a bearded old man wear- foreign dress come from the hut door. He ex- ing a peculiar headdress. To his right sat a plained that he was the Ainu chief's son-in-law woman with mouth tattooed. The stage seemed and then, without waiting for us to quiz him, he set for visitors. We were escorted to the left of began to explain the significance of a stack of the chief, that is, the north side of the hearth, poles that had provided our background. which is the most honored position according to [231 ]

A MODERN AINU MOTHER AND BABY AN AINU CHIEFTAIN Ainu customs. Not until we were seated did he cards and handwork which we were asked to buy. and his wife make the proper courtesies. Then, Especially interesting were the bows and arrows while his son-in-law explained to us the signifi- used for killing the bears. The Ainu arrow is cance of the acts, the chief made certain move- made in three parts so that when once it has enments with his arms and head, and muttered some tered its prey, even though the angered beast unintelligible sounds, welcoming us according to should succeed in breaking the shaft, or pulling the old Ainu custom. it out, the tiny bamboo head will remain in the body. The son-in-law demonstrated the use of Next, the chief demonstrated the offering to the the walking staff to hold the baggage when the gods by picking up a "two-story" lacquer bowl and hunter rested, and could be transformed into an a carved mustache lifter. Raising his beard with effective spear for sudden action. the latter, he pressed the bowl to his lips, after he had taken a few drops of the liquid on the When we were outside the house once more, wooden stick and let them fall into the fire. These our guide informed us that there was a regular were supposed to be sweet odors pleasing to the fee of fifty sen per person. We asked to see other household deities. The remainder of the drink homes, belonging to "nonroyal families," but our . was agreeable to his stomach, for the Ainu are guide was careful to steer us away from other very fond of rice wine. After repeating the for- houses and took us down to the seashore to show mulre the old man muttered in his broken Jap- us the boats used by the fishermen. anese, "The ceremony is very significant when we use real "sake." A few days later we visited Chikabumi, an Ainu village just outside the city of Asahigawa. Others in the hut then took down trays of post- No one offered his services as guide but we learned

A VISIT TO THE AINU OF NORTH JAPAN

that if we started walking and asked our way we eminent authority on Ainu life 'and lore; and it would find the Ainu village about a mile down the was surprising to find this mission maintained enroad. We walked two miles to the house of the tirely by the Japanes~one answer to the allegachief, passing other Ainu houses scattered along tion that the Japanese Christian Church is not the way. There was not the segregation noticed mission-minded. There is a Sunday school of in other Ainu buraku. forty Ainu students, apparently including all the young people of this race in the village. These aborgines were evidently more prosperous than those in Shiraoi. The houses were frame The Chikabumi chief was a disappointment for and provided against the cold of the Hokkaido he was' small, lacking in personality, and very winters. These Chikabumi Ainu are farmers and drunk. The interpreter was also under the inday-laborers and from the roadside we saw many fluence of "sake" and refused to do more than industriously tilling the fields or engaging in man- boast that his family had proved its loyalty to the ual work. Midway between the station and the Emperor by sending the only son to-,Manchuria OLD AND YOUNG AINU PERFORMING A CEREMONY FOR THE DEAD (The Posts are Male and Female Markers) chieftain's house we saw a large public hall with with the Expeditionary Forces. He insisted upon the sign "Ainu Young Men's Association." In- our coming into his home to see the boy's pictures side we talked with one of the young men who and there let us examine a collection of primitive was busily carving, from a single block of wood, stone implements, which were very crude when the figure of a bear that would later be sold in a compared with similar arrows and hatchets fashgift shop. He said that it only took him two ioned by the American Indians. hours to whittle the bear which would sell for two yen. In reply to our questions he told us that all The prosperity of this colony was attested by children attended the same school; that his sister the presence of a large number of bears, with cubs was the village beauty queen; and that we would that were small but ferocious. In one cage was a find the chief's house und·er the tall willow trees "wrestling bear" used for exhibition purposes, the around the corner. Turning that corner we came animal being pitted against professional wresto an Episcopal Mission to the Ainu. We have tlers. Pacing up and down in a large cage before long been acquairited with Dr. John Batchelor, the chief's hut was a large brown bear, the pride of the village.

Our final impression was received from a wom- an who handled one of the concessions and who, like most modern women, has refused to stain her lips, a custom that is dying hard. In pictures, taken when she was dressed for ceremonial occa- sions, she used a dye that could be washed off. She kept in her store an Ainu dress which she donned while we snapped her picture as she stood alongside two bear cubs. The young men whom we saw near the store had obviously decided to abandon the custom ,of their ancestors in wearing long beards. The question seems to be whether the Ainu or their. customs will be exterminated first.

A YOUNG AINU BELLE UNEVANGELIZED FIELDS INJAPAN The total number of places reached' in Japan is only 896. As the number of cities, 'towns and villages is 12,019, there are 11,123 stillucntouched by the Gospel. In the agricultural villages, which include more than half the population,there are barely 172 places where Christian work is being conducted. The Gospel is preached mo:st in the places where there is least resistance,a:hd where the resistance is strongest it is not preached at all. The evangelization of Japan, very far from being accomplished, is barely begun.-Toyoltiko Ka- gawa, "T,he Japan Christian Year Book.'; ·Pacts About Evangelism in Japan* 13y~JAMES CUTHBERTSON I~ Japan Evangelistic Band I STARK facts are rude things and unpleasant. not be compared with any ·other so-called mission Before facing these facts, let us state defini- field. It stands in a class by itself. tions upon which so much depends. By the "Evangeliz.ation of Japan" I mean the bringing We are not really getting anywhere in Japan. to the knowledge of "every creature" the Gospel This fact is actually the summary and conclusion of the Lord Jesus Christ, particul,arly His atoning of the following. Death and Resurrection. By "Salvation" I mean the individual's experience of regeneration. The natural grQwth of population is leaving the Church far behind. Japan's population increases Japan is different. Her efficient government at the rate of about 'One million per year. The has provided the nation with civilization. Educa- most optimistic estimate of the increase of the tion is compulsory, the professions are 'Over- Church is never more than twenty thousand. By crowded, doctors live on every street. Its culture the time the nation has sprinted to the hundred- . and national consciousness are highly developed; yard mark, the Church has advanced two yards! its pvogressalong Western lines during this past eighty years has been phenomenal. This land can- Meanwhile Tenrikyo; which had its origins in the babblings and scribbles of a demented peasant • From R.egions Beyond, England. woman some hundred years ago, has developed amazingly. At its centre there are magnificent

FACTS ABOUT EVANGELISM IN JAPAN

temples, schQDls, a fQreign language schQ.ol fDr the s.ome ten th.ousand rural areas each .of which may preparati.on .of missiDnaries, a splendid public c.ontain anything frQm tW'O t.o twenty-five villages.

library, many hQstels, and a training institute fDr My pers.onal census .of a few years ago pr.oduced ev:angelists which graduates SQme seven th.ousand the inf.ormation that roughly some fDur hundred every six mDnths. Every building, all the man- .of the ten thQusand had been "evangelized," ac- uallabQr and the material, are the gifts .of the be- cQrding tQ the definition .of each pers.on wh.o sup- lievers. All evangelists are trained at their .own plied me with inf.ormatiQn. Many splendid mis- expense and prQpagate the doctrines after gradua- siQnaries and Japanese wQrkers are valiantly tiQn, throughQut Japan, at their 'Own expense. tackling this prDblem, but few missi.ons have .or- Hundreds .of thDusands .of pilgrims flock into ganized their f.orces and apPQinted wQrkers tQ vil- Tambaichi fQr its celebratiDns. Its equipment is lage w.ork.

magnificent and impressive. There we .once sent The quicksands .of heathenism have a terrible a yDung preacher whQ preached Christ .on the suction. Japan has an army .of backsliders. P.os- streets with such devQtion that his health gave sibly a very large prop.ortiDn .of them never had way. I l.oQked intQ his tiny shack, rat-ridden, cDb- anything t'O slide' back from, but they dDn't webbed, neglected and dirty, which we had rented kn.ow it.

dQwn a back street. This represented the cause A yQung man came tQ Christ and tQld his mother 'Of the L.ord .of GlQry! Heathenism had its amaz- .of his new-fQund JQY. She threatened suicide if ing temples and millions .of fQllowers, the Gospel he did n'Ot give up Christ. Filial piety was tQQ had its squalid huts and a mere handful .of c.on- str.ong and Christ l.ost. And patri.otism, a new verts. idolatry, has arisen in Japan, based 'On lQyalty t.o The prestige .of the white race has ceased t.o the R.oyal HQuse, and evidenced by worship at the exist as far as the Japanese are concerned. Un- Imperial Shrines. There are nQ truer and m.ore less we can present them with s.omething they l'Oyal citizens than Christians, but many are fac- have n.ot, and d'O something they cannQt, we are ing the .old chQice, Diana .or Christ. We live in not welcQme. We need prayer in Japan t.oday. I challenging times when s.o many have tQ face chal- have seen hundreds .of J,apanese Christians at a lenges. And, alas, the quality .of faith and lQve time .on their knees praying with tears f.or a for Christ is s.o feeble. Defeat is the result.

mighty w.ork .of G.od in the land. Such signs "are NumerQus are the st.ories .of "Gospel triumphs full .of h.ope. It must be prayer £Qr the HDly and, thank G.od, I can tell many, but these are in Gh.ost. But in .our .own Christian literature t'O- the main c.onfined tQ the activities .of thQse sQcie- day is hardly any mentiQn .of Him. ties and individual missiQnaries whQ cQnstrue MissiQn sch'OQls have largely .outlived their use- their Call as a c.ommission to win s.ouls. The fulness. Such sch.oQls find it difficult t.o cQmpete needs are vital and entail the drastic casting .overwith the high educati'Onal standard .of g.overn- bQard .of QbsQlete methQds and a cQncentrati'On .on mental sch.oQls. Very many .of them, in .order t.o th.ose things which prQduce results.

retain their g.overnment recQgnitiDn and grant, have b.owed t.o the .order that all students must w'Orship at the appDinted ShintQ Shrines. Few JAPAN'S GREAT NEED missiQn s·eh.oQls pr.oduce Christians, and, if any, A study .of the Christian QccupatiQn .of the .of necessity they are the type which have been larger cities in Japan shQWS that in every urban taught tQ wQrship at shrines. cQmmunity the fast-grQwing industrial areas are still practically untQuched. With the exceptiQn .of The type .of Christian we are pr.oducing is n.ot a lQne QutpQst here and there, these rapidly exup tQ standard. Admit the IQwest Scriptural panding areas are unQccupied by the Christian standard, "Except a man be bQrn again. . . ." fQrces. H.ow many 'Of .our Christians in Japan t.oday shQW evidences 'Of a changed life and are .outwardly wit- The "upper classes" in Japan still lie almQst nessing fDr Christ? My w.ork as an evangelist entirely .outside .of the Church's influence. The fQr .over thirty years has carried me up and down "1.ower classes," because .of their cQnstant fight in that land and brQught me intQ c.ontact with with PQverty, disease, ignQrance and vice, make a mQst .of the Pr.otestant denominations. My im- strQng appeal tQ the fQllQwers .of Jesus .of NazpressiQns were disc.ouraging bey'Ond words. The areth, but the fQes which beset the upper classquality is very p.oQr. Spirituality is at a l.ow ebb. ease, luxuriQus living, selfishness and lQQse mQrals We are n.ot, as a rule, pr.oducing witnesses. -are just as viciQUS and damning. The Church The rural districts .of Japan t.oday are prac- .of Christ, if she is true tQ her LQrd, knQws nQ tically unt.ouched. They are nQt undiscussed, fQr class distinctiQn, and the unreached "upper class"

a spate .of words has been pDured .out c.oncerning lQQms large in .our unfinished task.-William this prDblem but the problem remains. There are Axling, "The Japan Christian Year Book."

a New Hospital on the Yangtze*

11 By DR. J. W. PELL, Hankow, China I N SHIH HIU YAO, a growing industrial town have shown them great devotion, and never funked. of Central China on the Yangtze fifty miles A soldier who had his hand blown off at the below Hankow there was opened last March wrist by the premature bursting of a bomb he was the Mahaffy Memorial Hospital. This was built handling, was sent a long distance to us by his by funds from the legacy of Miss Jane Mahaffy officer and his life was saved. He is a big North- combined with the gifts of the Methodist Chris- erner, and takes his loss of a limb very stoically.

tian Endeavors of Ireland. From the day of open- A little boy was brought by his mother last year; ing it has filled a great need. but her courage failed her after the boy was well One patient, a deaf and dumb girl of about fif- under chloroform and the operation about to be- teen, had been abandoned by her relatives in the gin. We had to submit and let him out of. the streets of a neighboring town, and lay there night anresthetic, but something we were able to do and day, in frost and snow, until some Catholic without the knife and without her knowledge made all the difference, and a useless elbow be- Sisters found her with frozen feet – which have came almost normal. An aunt, laden with fowls since dropped off at the ankles – took her home and eggs, brought him back the other day begging with them and, after making her spotlessly clean, us to complete the good work. She showed nothbrought her to us for treatment. With dumb signs we try to assure her of our love and interest ing but withering scorn for her sister and called in her, and she is responding. Another woman, he~ a sao-Chinese for potato, or idiot!

who had been relieved of an abdominal tumor The mines have supplied their usual quota of weighing some sixty pounds, felt she was part of accidents. Falls of roof are frequent, and men the concern and very important. She keeps say- get pinned under these for hours or days, and are ing as we visit her ward: "You are wizards using only rescued at great risk and heroic efforts by magic; you are fairies with your charms." A their fellow-miners. A number of chronic opium- similar case went back last month to her home in· smokers have been rounded up by the authorities the country where we have a church, and became and compelled to come in and break it off. Fre- a never-ceasing wonder. Lots of hopeless patients quent executions are taking place all over China have come from that neighborhood since, and just among these poor victims of the drug. Our pres- cannot believe there is any sickness we cannot ent methods of breaking them off the habit are cure, or surgical condition we cannot relieve. quicker and more lasting than the old ways. We A number of cases of cerebro-spinal meningitis blister the patient, then take the contents of the were in the wards on the opening day – from an blister up in a syringe and inject it under the skin infant of two months to a woman of over forty. of another part. Another way is to take some of These often seem quite hopeless cases, but again the patient's own blood from a vein and inject it and again we have seen them rally from impend- deep into a muscle. It is really another version ing death by simple withdrawal of fluid from the of "a hair of the dog that bit him." At any rate, spinal canal. The mode of spread of this dread it gives the patient an actual distaste for the pipe, disease is not known, and until it is, we can only which is a very great point gained, and avoids take ordinary precautions, and carryon. Though that overwhelming craving to return to the old we can sometimes save a patient, yet it may leave ways, which they so often had after the old metha trail of sequences behind – such as blindness, ods of cure.

paralysis, deafness, mental instability – which With each one's duties more settled and divided are very distressing.. Our cook's little girl of three up, we are looking forward to more intensive· has been critically ill with it for weeks, but now evangelism amongst our patients and staff. Pray looks as though she would pull through. They are that Christ's banner may float over the citadel of difficult cases to nurse but our young girl-nurses every heart. May we find the way to win them- and there may be eighty ways for as many folk. • Condensed from The Kingdom Overseas, Methodist Missionary "He that winneth souls is wise."

Society. England.

[ 236]

and How Should Christians Unite*

By the REV. E. STANLEY JONES, D.D., India Author of "Victorious Living," etc., etc.

I N VIEW of the world demands and in view of One is that when the Christians drop down be- conditions within the denominations them- neath the level of organization and church polity selves brought about by division, the churches to the level of experience, there they are the most of Christ must get together. "If they do not," united body on earth. They are united in the said a prominent churchman, "within ten years deepest thing in life, namely, in life itself. They there won't be any churches to unite." This is an share a common life in Christ. The Christian overstatement, but it should shock us to action. Church is at once the most united and the most One of the difficulties in getting together is the divided body on earth – united at the center and underlying feeling that our particular denomina- divided at the margin. But the central thing to tion has been raised up to preserve and propagate hold in mind is the fact that we are one. We do a special phase of truth in Christianity. We do not have to seek for unity – we have it, funda- not want to lose that truth. There is a fact under- mentally and centrally.

lying this feeling. It is true that almost everyone The second thing we have discovered is that the of our separate denominations has come into being saints are about equally distributed among all the as a result of some special forgotten truth. How denominations. If you were to ask me where I can we have unity with that background of an ap- thought they were most thickly congregated, for parent God-inspired separativeness? We are the life of me I couldn't tell you. There is no de- asked to repent of sinful divisions and yet it is nomination that has a corner on the saints. God not easy to do so, because the divisions came not works through the denominations, sometimes in from sin but from a new vision. I cannot honestly spite of them, but never exclusively or particularly feel sinful on account of the rise of Methodism. in anyone of them. If this hurts our denomina- I rather glory in it and so does many another in tional pride, it may help our Christian humility!

regard to his own particular group. The idea that anyone denomination is the exclu- And yet with all that loyalty to the past, we do sive or particular channel of God's grace is as dead feel that this is inadequate. Times have changed, as Queen Anne. Only some people don't know it!

new world demands are being laid upon us that The second thing we have as an underlying fact cannot be met by us as separate denominations. is equality.

We simply must get together. A divided Church The third fact that emerges is that there is a has little moral authority in a divided world. But very great diversity in expressing this underlying how can we get together? Here is where we unity, a diversity as widely expressed as the High throw up our hands. We have the feeling that if Churchman on the one side and the Quaker on the we wait till we can get together on some agreed other, with great diversity between.

church polity or government, then we will wait Three facts, then, emerge-unity, equality, and till doomsday. I don't believe it is possible to get diversity. Any approach to unity must take ac- an agreement in church government that will take count of these underlying facts and build upon in the High Episcopalian on the one hand and the them. I would therefore suggest the following Quaker on the other – and I could not leave out as an immediate, practical plan upon which all either one. I do not believe that unity is possible the churches could come together.

along that line. It would end in so many com- If we are inwardly one, we should outwardly promises that the union would be grey and color- express that fact. Since we all belong to Christ, less and command no one's enthusiasm. I would suggest that we all belong to "The Church I think we must go at it from another angle. of Christ." But since we are in America, I would We must look at certain facts that underlie the suggest as the name, "The Church of Christ in situation. Three outstanding facts have arisen America." We would drop denominational names out of the situation as I have listened in to hun- as separate churches and belong to the one church dreds of round-table conferences across the years. -"The Church of Christ in America." But under * This farewell message of the distinguished missionary and evan- this central unity we would have branches-"The Baptist Branch of the Church of Christ in Amergelist was delivered unde'r the auspices of the ~~ederal Council of the ica," the "Episcopalian Branch," "The Friends'

Church of Christ in America on March 9, prior to his sailing for India. Reprinted from The American Friend of March 18, 1937.

[237 ]

Branch." In these branches we would have local would be the strength of all. The essential thing self-government in much the same way that we would be that we would be on a new basis in refgive States' rights in the United States. If a erence to each other-the cooperative. branch has bishops they could keep them, but they would not force them on the rest as the price of Each nation might have its own national exunity. In the same way, if any branch held to pression of Christianity-"The Church of Christ adult baptism they could continue to do so, but in Great Britain," "The Church of Christ in Inthey would not compel the rest to adhere to it. dia," etc. Out of these national expressions would Each branch could make any conditions or no con- be a "World Assembly of the Church of Christ" ditions for transfer into membership or ministry made up of delegates from the national churches. they may desire to make. Nine-tenths of the de- This World Assembly would speak in the name of nominations would probably straight off make no a united Christendom. It could give guidance to conditions whatever either for transfer of min- a distracted and confused world. We would not istry or membership. Moreover, nine-tenths of want to dominate the world through priestcraft, them would have intercommunion straight off. but we would guide it by moral convictions that The other one-tenth would put themselves into a would be inescapable. stream of influences that in the end would make for the dropping of all barriers. In the mean- What of the Doctrine? time we would be patient, leaving to time and the Spirit of God the righting of exclusiveness. In regard to the doctrinal basis on which this unity would be founded, I suggest that that basis There were two ways in which these United be simple – as simple and yet as profound as States might have attempted unity: one was to Christ made it. He founded his Church on the wipe out all state lines and state names and rule confession that He is the Chris,t, the Son of the everything from Washington. Had we tried this, Living God. That is the Rock upon which His we would have been waiting yet for unity. The Church was founded. That is the Rock beneath other way was to allow local expression in the us all. Any group that would confess that con- States and bind the whole into a central unity. fession could be recognized as a branch. That is We took that way and achieved unity. But in the sufficiently definite to hold us to the essential, and beginning there was a very strong state conscious- sufficiently indefinite to give freedom for marness and a very weak central unity. The first de- ginal differences. cision of the United States Supreme Court was flouted by the State of Georgia. In the original But are the denominations willing to look on draft of the Constitution of the United States, the themselves and others as branches? If not, then word "United" was in small letters, it was an ad- if any denomination wants unity with other dejective. But that word, "United," is now a proper nominations and yet is not willing to recognize itname and is getting more proper all the time! In self as a branch and others as branches, then the the beginning of a United Church our branch matter is plain-it does not want unity; it wants consciousness would be strong but the unity con- absorption. I'm not interested in absorption on sciousness would grow and one day will completely the part of any group. Nor will it ever happen. grip us. On our letterheads, we would have "The It would impoverish Christianity to jam it into Church of Christ in America" in large letters one denominational mold. overarching all, and down in the corner in small letters "Presbyterian Branch." The next time the This plan does not ask any denomination to give letters in the branch name might be smaller! And up any truth it may possess. It would not have some day they might fade out altogether-I don't to give it up-it would give it to the rest of us. know! We would leave that to time. And each needs the others' truth, for all of us are but partial expressions of the Truth. Out of these Over these branches, we would have the "Gen- pooled emphases there would grow a fuller exeral Assembly of the Church of Christ in Amer- pression of Christianity, more nearly approxiica" made up of delegates on a pro-rata basis, with mating the Kingdom of God. For none of us are a minimum number guaranteeing representation the Kingdom-we are only approximations. We of the smaller bodies. This body would have to do are all poorer and weaker for our divisions. A with the matters of general interest to the whole mission compound in India was above the aver- Church. District assemblies would deal with local age. I asked the missionary how they were able matters such as overlapping and duplication. to get hold of such lovely property and the reply was, "The man who had the property built such We would no longer tolerate competition or huge walls around it that he went bankrupt buildduplication for we would then be on the coopera- ing walls and was not able to complete the buildtive basis instead of the competitive, as now. ing, so he had to sell it." He became bankrupt That would mean that the weakness of one would building walls! The separate denominationalism be the weakness of all, and the strength of one has almost gone bankrupt building walls of sep- aration between themselves and others and keep-

WELLESLEY C. BAILEY – FRIEND OF LEPERS

ing them in repair. The time has come for us to named after different bishops. I stayed in the take down those walls, and use the material to "Heber Room." When people asked me where I build a mighty temple of God. was staying, I told them I was staying at "The Bishop's House"; but when those on the inside But we are not only bankrupting ourselves, we asked me where I was staying, I would reply that are bankrupting the world by our divisions. In I was staying in "The Heber Room." The point South India, the Ezhayas, numbering 850,000, a was that, even though there were different names very intelligent caste, decided after many years over our doors, we were all under one roof, and of debate to accept Christianity. After the mo- belonged to one family. Now we are under sepmentous decision had been made, a lawyer arose arate roofs with dividing walls between us. Now in the caste conference and said, "Now that you and then we come together in some j oint enterhave decided to adopt Christianity, may I ask you, prise, but the central thing is not our together- 'Which Christianity?' If you live here, you will ness. Then the central thing would be our unity be 'Church of England'; if there, then 'Baptist'; and the marginal thing our separateness. if the other place, 'Salvation Army.' Now you are united as a caste; then you'll be divided as de- In the foothills of the Himalayas, the fireflies nominations." This held up the whole movement are very numerous in the rainy season and beand still holds ·it up. Many a forward movement come interesting points of light in the darkness. is held up by our division. But one night I saw a firefly convention – there" must have been tens of thousands of them in one Under this plan of union many of our enter- great tree, and there must have been a cheerprises, as the missionary enterprise, could be con- leader for they put their lights on and off in uniducted as a unit throughout the world. And with son. As they put them on together, they lighted what an impact it would come, presenting a united up the countryside. Our .separate denominations front to the world need! are interesting points of light as they shine in the darkness, but let them pool their li~ts and they This plan is more than a federation in which will lighten the world. the constituent bodies are left intact. In this plan they are not intact. There are no more separate One of the advantages of this plan for church churches-there are branches of one Church. The unity is that it could be put into operation now, churches have faded out, there is but one Church. without years of backing and filling and compro- mising. And it would set our faces in the direc- One Christian House – Many Rooms tion of complete unity at once.

Let us change the figure again. In Calcutta, I Christians of America, unite! You have nothstayed with the Metropolitan of India, at "The ing to lose except your dividing walls! Bishop's House." In this house are many rooms Wellesley c. Bailey-Friend of Lepers Founder of the Mission to Lepers in 1874 W ELLESLEY COSBY BAILEY was born brothers who was an officer in the 11th Infantry, on April 27, 1846, at Thornbury, Abbey- then stationed at Faizabad in Oudh. When his leix, Queen's County, Ireland, and spent brother was unexpectedly ordered home, he went his boyhood at Poles Bridge, Stradbally. He was to live with Mr. Reuther, a missionary of the educated privately and at Kilkenny College. At Church Missionary Society. During his stay in the age of twenty, like many of Erin's sons, he Mr. Reuther's home he became so greatly interdetermined to try a Colonial career, and on ested in missionary work that he gave up the idea August 28, 1866, he set out for New Zealand. The of entering the Indian Police and joined the following Sunday, when his ship lay anchored in American Presbyterian Mission as headmaster of the Thames off Gravesend, was the occasion of a a mission school in Ambala City, in the Panjab. deep spiritual experience when his life was henceforth surrendered to Christ. After an absence of Near the mission house there was a small colony nearly two years in New Zealand, New Caledonia of lepers under the care of the Rev. J. H. Morand Australia, he returned to Dublin. rison, D.D., senior missionary of the American Presbyterian Mission on the station and on one Early in 1869, Mr. Bailey left home for India of his visits to the colony Dr. Morrison asked his with the intention of joining the Indian Police. young colleague to accompany him. "Here," wrote There he lived for a few months with one of his Mr. Bailey, "I became interested in the lepers and

raised in Ireland. Thus began the system of "grants in aid" of work not directly under the Mission's control. The Mission's first leper home was opened at Chamba in the same year.

In 1882 Mr. and Mrs. Bailey left India and made their home in Edinburgh where for the next three years Mr. Bailey was secretary of the Zenana Bible and Medical Mission and honorary Secre- tary of the Mission to Lepers. Early in 1886 the growing work led the committee to invite him to become the general secretary of the Mission.

During the next thirty-five years not only were homes for lepers and their children established at many places in India, but the work of the Mission was extended to China and to other parts of the world. Auxiliaries and branches were established in Canada, the United States, Australia, New Zealand and on the Continent and Mr. and Mrs. Bailey traveled widely in the interests of the Mission.

When Mr. Bailey visited Canada in 1892 an Auxiliary was organized in Guelph, Ontario, and Miss Lila Watt became its honorary secretary. Later she was appointed full-time secretary. Hp.r work continued with much success until 1908 when ill health compelled her to take a complete , rest.

The British headquarters of the Society were transferred to London in 1921 and a new execu- WELLESLEY C. BAILElY tive council was formed, of which Sir William Fry, D.L., was elected chairman. A committee used to visit them regularly, little realizing that in the United States was organized in 1910 with I was entering upon my life work." Mr. William M. Danner as general secretary-a Early in the year 1872 Mr. Bailey and his wife position which he filled with devotion and effec- visited Subathu, where Dr. John Newton of the tiveness for twenty-six years. This committee American Presbyterian Mission was caring for assumed direct responsibility for specific work in some needy lepers and the impression as to the various countries. Largely due to their efforts, urgent need for leper asylums was deepened. the American interest has greatly increased and Owing to Mrs. Bailey's poor health, it became the United States Government was influential to necessary, towards the end of 1873, for them to establish a national leprosarium. The American leave India for a time. While on furlough they Committee have also succeeded in stimulating visited in Dublin and Monkstown, and Mr. Bailey practical effort to meet toe situation created by related to a small group of friends some of his leprosy in many countries, and the American peo- experiences among the lepers in the Panjab. ple have contributed generous financial support Shortly afterwards Mr. Bailey gave his first pub- in the maintenance and expansion of Christian lic address ort behalf of the lepers in the Friends' work for lepers.

Meeting House at Monkstown. Following this ad- Mr. Bailey retired as general secretary in the dress Miss Charlotte Pinn and her sisters under- year 1917 with the title of Honorary Superintook to raise about £30 a year for relief of the tendent. His recent death removes from the mislepers. Mr. Bailey subsequently wrote: "Though sion circles not only an outstanding personality we did not realize it at the time, there and then but one who, as founder of a work that has bewas founded our beloved Mission." (September, come world-wide in its activities, ranks with those. 1874.) great leaders of the last century. To the work on In the December following, Mr. and Mrs. Bailey behalf of lepers that Mr. Bailey was privileged to returned to India and commenced work under the direct for forty-three years, is due in large meas- Church of Scotland Foreign Mission at Chamba ure the greater things that are being done today in the Panjab. Shortly afterwards he sent to the in the countries of the world where this age-long lepers· of Subathu Rs. 100 out of the first funds scourge is so widely prevalent.

Centennial of Presbyterian

By HERRICK BLACK YOUNG, Ph.D.

Secretary of the Centennial Council of Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

I T WAS in days of depression, with banks fail- Columbus, Ohio, the last of May and the first week ing and commercial enterprises closing their in June. doors, that the first meeting of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions was held in the The third emphasis, in the autumn, will be city of Baltimore, on October 31, 1837. The given to promoting interest in the churches, since winter of 1838 was one of such unusual severity it was on October 31, 1837, that the first meeting of the Board actually was held.

that even New York City could not care for her A major effort will be made .to acquaint the destitute and men died of starvation or froze to young people of the Church with the Centennial death in the streets. Business confidence was at . and with their responsibilities in the new century a low ebb. None the less, those who had the of foreign missions which is opening ahead. cause of foreign missions on their hearts, launched Therefore, several special projects have been this great forward moving effort in the face of launched to reach the young people. As Presby- great difficulties. It is with this same spirit that terian youth speak to their parents and friends on the Presbyterian Church in this year, 1937, is the subject of "The Future of Foreign Missions," celebrating its Centennial. While full recognition this should bring home to the adult members, the is being given to the glorious achievements of the present world situation as related to foreign mispast century, the major emphasis is being laid sions. With this in view, a Centennial Oratorical upon the problems and opportunities of the period Contest has been set up, with the finals staged at that lies ahead. The concern of the Board is that the Assembly at Columbus. The theme of the orathe Centennial shall sound an urgent call to tions (from 1,500 to 2,000 words in length) is prayerful consecration for sacrificial service in "The Future of Foreign Missions," and the con- the years ahead, as well as a celebration of prog- test is open to any member of this Church between ress already made. the ages of sixteen and twenty-three. The first The spiritual dynamic which ever has been the pla.ce winner will receive as an award a Friend- outstanding characteristic of the foreign mission- ship Frontiers Tour in the summer of 1937 to inary enterprise is especially needed now to over- elude Tokyo, Pyengyang, Peiping, Shanghai, and come depression psychology, materialism and Dumaguete, Philippine Islands. Winner of second criticism in the Church at home, and to surge out place will receive a Friendship Frontiers Tour to against similar and more sinister forces abroad. Mexico and Guatemala. Vital and spiritual connections must be established with great opportunities and movements of the Elimination contests have been held in local Spirit of God in the world today, and thus kindle churches, the winners participating later in each anew the flame of missionary zeal in the Church presbytery, after which judges in the Pacific, Rocky Mountain, Middlewest, and Eastern areas in America. selected the winners and alternates to compete in The present calendar year was set aside by the person at the General Assembly.

General Council of the Presbyterian Church for During the "depression years" only a small the commemoration and it has been thought wise number of new missionaries have been sent to the to divide the twelve months into three major sec- foreign field each year by the Board; and at the tions. From January 1 until June 1 is set aside same time there has been the usual number of as a period for spreading information on the pres- withdrawals, so that the total force on the field has ent importance of the claims of foreign missions, dropped from more than 1,600 to 1,300. One of as well as the accomplishments of the past cen- the major goals of the Centennial year is to arouse tury. A great deal of the lack of interest has been interest in the Church that there will be an in- due to lack of information about the place of for- crease in the gifts and also an increase in voluneign missions in the present world situation. teers for foreign service.

The second period of emphasis during the year Foreign Missions Emphasis Weeks have been is to be the General Assembly which is to meet at arranged for Presbyterian seminaries and col- [241 ]

THE HaN. WALTER LOWRIE, LL.D. written by Dr. M. K. W. Heicher of Pasadena, California, and is entitled "Hitherto-Henceforth" First Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions in ten episodes. of the Presbyterian Church (1837-1868) The churches on the mission fields, which have leges, and on university campuses where West- grown out of Presbyterian missionary work, and minster Foundations are active. Able speakers the missions in sixteen countries are all setting spend several consecutive days at each institution. aside a special period for celebration during the In addition to formal addresses an opportunity is year. The Africa Mission plan is typical. As a given to present to students, individually and in part of the Centennial, the Mission has planned small groups, a glimpse of the urgent challenge of a Preaching Mission for five days at each comforeign missions and what they themselves may munion point, with African missioners for the contribute to the on-going Christian movement in most part, with a goal to win 15,000 new Christhe new century. tians. April 4, 1937, was set as a special day of prayer, in which the home Church was asked to A forward looking play, "The Years Ahead," join. has been written for the Centennial by Dr. Elliot Field, a well-known religious dramatist. The plot In an effort to bring to the home Church a viis laid on an American campus and with a cast of sion of the world-wide scope of the work of the nine and with no costume problems, it offers few past century, a sound-motion picture film has been difficulties in presentation. produced entitled "Our Century of Progress," with an interpretive lecture by Dr. Robert E. "With Cross and Crown in Every Land, 1837- Speer, who appears in person in the picture. A 1937" is the Centennial pageant, prepared by Dr. special Centennial stereopticon lecture also has William Chalmers Covert. The opening episode been prepared. portrays the inception of the missionary movement in the Apostolic Church; another shows the A Centennial hymn has been selected from more first meeting of the Board of Foreign Missions in than two hundred hymns submitted from all parts Baltimore in 1837, and the final episode gives a of the country and from seven foreign lands. glimpse of the accomplishments of the past cen- "God of Years, Thy Love Has Led Us," by Dr. tury and the challenging opportunities ahead. It Jay Glover Eldridge of Moscow, Idaho, is awarded is available in longer and shorter form and for the prize, to be sung to Beethoven's Hymn to Joy. large and small casts. Another pageant has been A splendid array of foreign missions sermons has been submitted in the Centennial Sermon Contest and the ten outstanding sermons will be published in a booklet and distributed as source material for other preachers on this theme.

"One Hundred Years," the comprehensive his- tory of the work of the century, has been prepared by Dr. Arthur J. Brown, secretary of the Board from 1895 to 1929. (Published by the Fleming H.Revell Company.) A series of six booklets has also been prepared by Dr. William T. Hanzsche, under the title, "And They Went Forth."

I. Introduction – including beginnings of Presbyterian foreign missions and their relationship to world history during the same period.

II. Analysis of the Evangelistic strand in our foreign missions enterprise.

III. Analysis of the Medical strand in our foreign mis- sions enterprise.

IV. Analysis of the Educational strand in our foreign missions enterprise.

V. Analysis of the development of the National Church. VI. Concluding chapter – stressing that the Centennial is a consecration and not a celebration.

Centennial pamphlets, one for each Mission, gives the present situation in each field around the world.

At the General Assembly (beginning on May 27,1937) greetings will be brought from the four-

19371 THE CENTENNIAL OF PRESBYTERIAN MISSIONS

RE V. MIGUEL RIZZO, JR., MR. YAHYA ARMAJ,uu, MISS YOSKO SAITO, REV. E. C. SOBREPENA, Sao Paulo, Brazil Alborz College, Teheran Manila, Philippines Presbyterian Church, Japan REPRESENTATIVES OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN FORIDIGN LANDS teen National Churches in foreign lands, and school. In 1918, he came to the United States, entered there will be an interesting exhibit of the work Macalester College, receiving his A.B. degree in 1923, and of the century. then for two years studied at Princeton Theological Sem- inary. He later entered Drew Theological Seminary, and Some Delegates from Mission Lands for a time served as pastor of the Filipino Church in Brooklyn. Rev. Miguel Rizzo, Jr., of Sao Paulo, Brazil, is one of the outstanding Protestant ministers of Latin America. After his return to the Philippines in 1926, He became pastor of the United Church in Manila and also taught A recent letter from Brazil says: "He is perhaps :the in the Union Theological Seminary. Dr. Sobrepena is only Protestant minister in the city who is being sought editor of the local official organ of the United Evangelical in Council by any considerable number of those who sit Church, The Advance. in high seats in this city and in Brazil, and so he has a unique position and responsibility. His sermons are based *** on eternal truths, and not theological quioblings." Mr. Yahya Armajani, one of the Christian leaders of the Near East, is the representative of the Evangelical H-e is the eldest son of Deacon Miguel Rizzo, one of the Church of Iran. He is on the faculty of Alborz College earliest converts of the first Presbyterian missionary in of Teheran, where he is chairman of the Religious Work, Brazil. and is active in church affairs throughout awakening Iran. After attending the Presbyterian Mission School in Miguel Rizzo, Jr., received his early training in govern- Resht as a small boy Armajani came to Teheran and finment schools and under private teachers. He then entered ished three years at Alborz College. Coming to the United the Theological Seminary in Campinas. During his early States, he took his B.A. degree at the College of Emporia, pastorates, he founded a school for boys and also carried graduated from Princeton Theological Seminary, and reon extensive evangelistic work. In Campinas, he not only turned to Iran where he has been doing outstanding work built a modern church edifice, but taught modern lan- in the Evangelical Church. guages in the local high school and was professor of Portuguese literature in the Government Teachers College. *** Rev. Hafiz Abood Faris is moderator of the Syrian Since 1926, Professor Rizzo has been pastor in the First Evangelical Church. He has spent a number of years in America and is now pastor of the church at Horns, Syria, Presbyterian Church of Sao Paulo, where the membership president of. the Synod, and moderator of the Syrian Evangelical Church. The federation among the Prothas increased from three hundred to sixteen hundred, with estants in Syria, effected under his leadership, in addition to the Evangelical Church includes the Covenanter an attendance of 1,000 at morning services. His , church, churches, the Irish Presbyterian Mission churches and the Danish Mission churches. conducts more than a dozen Sunday schools in the suburbs For a Church-wide broadcast (October 29, of this city of 1,000,000 inhabitants. ' 1937), hundre,ds of thousands of Presbyterian groups can assemble in their own localities to For several years Professor Rizzo was editor of The hear the Centennial message by Dr. Robert E. Speer, on the eve of his retirement from the office Review of Na,tiona~ Missions of the Presbyterian Church of Secretary of the Board after forty-six years of active service. of Brazil. He has been asked by the General Assembly A special celebration is to be held in the Fifth of the Brazilian Church to write a biography of the late Avenue Church, New York, October 28, 1937, to which representatives of all Mission Boards and Dr. Erasmo Braga. Societies in America will be invited, together with representatives of Societies in Great Britain and *** The Rev. Enrique C. Sobrepena, D.D., moderator of the United Evangelical Church of the Philippine Islands, is to represent the new church of his native land. He was elected as first moderator of the General Assembly of this United Church at the time of its organization in 1929, and has been reelected biennially for three successive terms.

Dr. Sobrepena was a member of the constitutional convention and assisted in drafting the plan of government of the Philippine Commonwealth.

Enrique Sobrepena was born in Caba, La Union, and joined the evangelical Church while attending grade

Europe. This will be devoted largely to the dis- (c) Training nati.onal w.orkers .on the f.oreign field f.or cussion of the vital issues in world missions at the Christian service am.ong their .own pe.ople. present time, but will include a survey of the century in world-wide missions. In First Church, (d) Devel.opment .of medical w.ork thr.ough better equip- Baltimore, in which the first meeting of the Board was held, there will be another celebration on Oc- ment .of selected h.ospitals, particularly projects such as tober 31 and November 1. public health campaigns, end.owments .of beds f.or .our min- Because many in the Church will wish to make a special gift to celebrate the end of the first cen- istry t.o the P.o.or, etc. . tury and to start the second hundred years, a Centennial Fund for Foreign Missions is being set (e) Certain f.orward-I.o.oking projects t.o be designated up to be used for the following purposes: by the B.oard with particular regard t.o their appeal t.o y.oung pe.ople, w.omen, men's .organizati.ons, and t.o other (a) Life – new missi.onaries t.o increase the missionary particular gr.oups in the Church. OpP.ortunity will be f.orce. The B.oard pr.oP.oses t.o ask f.or these .on a ten-year given t.o individuals and churches t.o undertake such pr.ojbasis, expecting t.o abs.orb ten per cent a year .of this in- ects as they may desire. crease in its regular budget through increased gifts .of the churches. As a result of the centennial celebration, it is hoped that by the end of the year of 1937 the (b) Definite evangelistic pr.ojects t.o meet the .oPP.ortu- Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., will be more fully nities n.ow c.onfr.onting the B.oard and its Missi.ons. aware of the vistas of opportunity in the new cen- tury and will be more eager to promote the work of Christ in every land and among all peoples.

GOD OF YEARS THY LOVE HATH LED US (Centennial Hymn, 1837-1937) 8.7.8.7. D. H lMN TO JOY Jay Glove. Eldridge. 19311 Ludwig van B.<tnoven. 1824 Wilh exultation '~rt=±=ft~ii I.!l ~ j Ij: 5' 33 1. God of years, Thy love haib led u~, Thou hast been our bul-wark strong, 2. On ward lead, 0 King e· ter-nal, 10, we heed Thy high com-mand, 3. Lead us forth, a Church u – nit – ed, Strong. cour-a-geous, in Thy migbt.

I mI ~~ 1j Jj Z ~~j-=~–~ ii n ~E ¢fJlf~.1):I~ Wall of fire a gainst the wick-ed, Sword of power a-gainst the wrong.

Bear good news tc ev – ery peo – pIe, Far and near, in ev – cry land. 10, the fields are white with bar-vest, Sheaves to gar-ner ere the night.

II ~:- ~ -C 1 ~- ~I ~~~:=f11~~ ~ 1i4fi~J9~hIlI–~ '"' ':;'"'; "in Thou hast blest of old Thy serv-ants As they bore Thy mes sage far; Thine they are,Thy love doth seek them, Thou wouldst bring them tc the light; ~ ~~ad;' !Lh~h "'~ 'oil; ~ft-ri=#ff-r~f f IfflFT1-ti ~~~d:-J~~~ J.4 ~J~l —-.1..-.+.,-.—-+.-.–1-w0 -~ -1 H-~ I.·-I-1 1 T .+. …-~–.I..6 –"Z+1 7-::–6:t/–1-7-7l~ .

We who fol-Iow in their foot-steps Ev-er-more tbeir debt-ois are.

Lea:! us on till darkness brighteris, On till faith is lost in sight.

Lead us on, 0 King e ter-nal, So shall love, world-wide. pre-vail. A-men• r(.-;'8_iO~~ -e.-_.:JrI..r–~..·~.–I-[-'I.Tt=:-:–1=r1=_l-.=.-/=~Ltt.._l:~==-+=:-..~r.==-f!:~:~-=W~·~.~ W–. …~— -.;j-~—-l Word. C ·Ilyrillibt. 1937, by tb. Prc.l>vteri·, B "ard of j/I)reign Missiona.

Christ Changes Life in

By BRAYTON C. CASE -·~.II'._=""M""I""'S""Si""On""a""rY=o,,,,'""'h_Se=cAh_mo"o"el","ri_Pcay""inn=mB"a"anp"a"'_,iS,B,,,t"u"Mrm_l""a'SS""io_n=A""g""ri""CU_I""tu",,ra_I=;;;;:JI5+"- W HAT difference do Christian missions "One man may take one thousand mates." make to the people of Burma? Is their "Wrong a woman as you may-twenty-five life really changed? rupees (the price of an ox) will make it good." One Sunday afternoon I had been at a meeting "If the skirt of a woman touches the sacred of Christians in a village bamboo chapel. After page of Pali scripture (written on the palmleaf) the service a Burmese Christian asked me to it is counted a sin for which she may suffer years speak to his brother about Christ. He took me in hell." outside the village through the intense heat of the While Burmese boys went to the monastic sun and left me in the shade of a teak tree while school to learn to read, girls were kept illiterate. he called his brother who was cutting grass be- Childhood is changed. As soon as a child is old tween the fields of ripening rice. Soon the brother enough to run, he is expected to help add to the came and set his sickle down beside me. I said: income of his parents, and often will be taken out "Your brother wants me to preach to you about of school (if there is one) in order that he may drive away sparrows from the grain, herd the Christ." cattle, cut grass, lug the smaller child, weed the "You do not need to preach to me," he replied. fields, carry food to his elders, and in any way lighten the burdens of his parents. Children are "I used to work as cook for a Christian English for the welfare of their parents, rather than parjudge, and went to many parts of Burma with ents for the welfare of the children. Half the him. In the morning he held his court, and then children of Burma die in their infancy, and many while he rested in the middle of the day, I watched who live longer are maimed, blind, covered with the door. He would tell me, 'If any man comes itch, attached by vermin, and suffer with diseases to see me with a roll of rupees in his hand for a through ignorance and carelessness. But when bribe, you drive him down the stairs. But if any Jesus Christ comes to a village, there come also one comes who is really in trouble and needs my new health to the child, new schools to open his help, call me and I will help him.' With the Chris- mind, more soap to clean his body and his clothes. tian judge I went to Mandalay, and there I saw a Life is lengthened and expanded, and opportunity Christian leper asylum. If we Buddhists see a for the life of a child is enlarged. Jesus said, leper, we think he must be suffering that penalty "Suffer little children to come unto me." for some sin of a previous incarnation. We throw him a copper coin and say, 'Get out of my sight.' Man is changed. He has been crushed under But the Christians of Mandalay have built houses the burden of debt, poverty, disease and fear of for lepers and provide food and clothing for them. the evil spirits, which he believes are in every I also saw beautiful white women with lovely, cul- tree, pond, field and house. He also lives in fear tured faces who, with their delicate white hands, of his fellow-man; neighbors steal his crops and washed the filthy sores of those lepers. Buddhists maim his animals; cheating .and lying are so hate lepers; only Christians love lepers." common that he trusts no one except his own fam- ily. There is no bank in which to deposit his In Burma, only Christians have leper asylums; money. His few possessions must be hidden only Christians have schools for the blind and away, protected by his long spear which he puts teach them to read and work to earn their living. besides him as he lies down at night. Half a dozen Only Christians have schools for the deaf and of the most ferocious dogs he can find are kept dumb. Christians are "different." outside the door to frighten away his thieving neighbors. They bark all night so he gets no People are changed in Burma when Jesus sleep. But the spirit of Jesus Christ teaches men Christ comes into their lives. to love their neighbors; a new peace and good will among men is introduced and they begin to Womanhood is changed. They have been the help one another in new ways. Christ taught men drudges. The Burmese woman walks behind the man and carries the heavy load on her head. A woman is told that she is worth less than a male dog. The old sayings were: [245 ]

to stand straighter, both in body and spirit. In schools and colleges, and hospitals for nurses'

Christian communities new crops are grown; training.'·'

there is more food. Interest rates go down. A "Are you troubled with thieving?" I asked.

man can enjoy more of what he produces, and "No," he said, "we have a Christian night~ there comes in a new spirit of generosity, to give watchman who, with a cross bow and arrow, for the good of others. The home is cleaner and watches the streets at night, and there is a notice the family is better fed; all life is more abundant. at the head of the village which reads: 'No one A visit to the Christian village of Ingaw will may pass through the village after ten o'clock.' If illustrate. The young people had arranged a any dogs bark, he shoots his arrows; thieves stay summer Bible assembly for young people in the away." villages. As a member of the faculty I was asked There were 125 adults besides fifty children atto give a course on the twelve Apostles, and an- tending the Bible Assembly. When the bell rang, other also on pigs, rice, fruit and vegetables. On people left their houses with the doors open and arrival I was met at the river bank by a bullock· went to the school house. The choir sang, a brass cart from the village, and brought with me some band played, and the people worshiped. .They had not learned much of modern agriculture or medi- Berkshire pigs and Barred Plymouth Rock hens cine, or modern housekeeping, but they had to help in the teaching; also baskets of rice seed, learned to love one another, to pray and sing, to vegetable seeds, cashew nuts, and fruit seeds. The give generously, and to honor the Christian life oxen trotted along the jungle road on which there were mud holes where the buffaloes and pigs wal- of the elders. It made life different. lowed, and more than once we nearly tipped over. I asked to see the headman of the village whose Two miles an hour was the speed limit. In Amer- duty it is to keep law and order. One would exica, people tell me that their town is the best in pect to see some strong-armed man, but he was the country and their neighbors are most remark- over seventy, bent with years. He ruled the vilable. In Burma, they say: "I live in an awful lage through love and justice. There had been no village." Villages were pointed out to me where police cases in his village for many years. The . there were thieves, gamblers, opium eaters and district judge had asked why he was sending no opium smugglers. I was told the chief of one cases to his court, and the reply was: village had been jailed for stealing the taxes. "This is a Christian village. We settle our dis- Fences were tumbled down; houses were leaning putes peaceably amongst ourselves. We do not over; there were roofs through which the sun need lawyers and courts." I went with him to visit one of the Christian was shining, and the houses were in a dilapidated homes. On entering the yard, I saw a vegetable condition. garden, flowers growing, a pig pen on one side and chicken coop on the other. The man of the Suddenly we came to a new type of village. The house came out with a smile and the family dog street was straight, with ditches beside the road walked behind, wagging his tail in friendlin~ss. to drain them. Fences were upright and the I asked if there were any Buddhist homes in the yards were neat, with attractive houses which al- village, and he replied that there were seven most looked like missionary homes. They were houses on the outskirts. The leading home was built up on stilts because, during the rainy season, of the "kyaungtaga," the honorary title used 'to one hundred inches of rain fall in six months. designate a builder of sacred places. He had built The land is a swamp, and floods are common, so a monastery many years ago with 300 rupees and that people live from the second story up. At the had gained the title for life. His daughter had end of the village street was a large attractive attended the school for a few years but was taken teakwood school house. out for fear she might become a Christian. His son went to the monastery where he had shouted "How much did it cost," I asked. his letters to the Buddhist priest for three or four years, but he was scarcely able to read or write. "Ten thousand· rupees," the driver' replied; This Buddhist elder had no garden, no pigs or "but we only had to buy the timber. We built it with our own hands. It is a middle school of 150 children, with a higher department."

"How can you have such a high grade school chickens, because he believed his ancestors might in a village of only 130 houses?" I asked. be in them. It would be a sin for him to kill any "The Christian villages at the foot of the hill of them for meat.

only have primary schools," the driver replied, "Will you come hear what we are teaching "so their children come here for the higher edu- about agriculture in the meetings of the as- cation, and each Christian family extends a stand- sembly?" I asked Kyaungtaga.

ing invitation, with free board and lodging, for "We do not dare to leave the house for fear of any child from any of these villages. Young peo- thieves," he replied. "Are you afraid your Chris- ple graduating here have gone out to normal tian neighbors will steal from you?"

HOW CHRIST CHANGES LIFE IN BURMA

"We have other neighbors of whom we are "Where is the doctor?"

afraid," he replied. "It is after five o'clock," the nurse replied.

The Christian headman explained that these "These are not his hours to be here; perhaps he seven Buddhist families are divided into three is at home."

groups that are not on speaking terms with each We found him, but he said: "Cholera is a very other. contagious disease. We cannot take cholera pa- As I started to go away, half a dozen fierce tients here. There is a pest house outside the city dogs, like wild lions, came bounding after me as if with another doctor in charge who takes care of they would eat me alive. them."

"Why do you have such fierce dogs?" I asked. When we reached the long shed known as the "The dogs are all that we have that we can "pest house," we heard groans of men hoarsely trust," was the reply. crying, "Water, water," for cholera hrings a ter- I told him that the Christians learned to trust rible thirst. We asked: one another when they had learned to trust God. "Where is the doctor?"

"Will you come and hear about the God who "No doctor," they replied.

makes them different?" I asked. The water jars were full, and beside them were "They have their religion," he replied, "and we • bottles of medicine, also full, but there was no have ours." He shut up his heart like a clam; doctor to care for the sufferers. After a short and when he shut Jesus out, he shut out the im- time, the native doctor appeared. He had been proved agriculture, the improved health, the hiding until he heard we were there and would higher education, the richer social life and a great find it out. He had been educated in a government measure of that now abundant life which Jesus medical school and knew the treatment, but it was Christ brings to the villages of Burma. He does not pleasant to see men dying with cholera, and make a difference. he did not want to catch it. He had a medical If Burma is a part of the British Empire, why education, but was not a Christian. He had bedon't the British do something to civilize these come a doctor to get a good salary and pension; people and teach them modern improvements? not for the service he could give to others. Sim- The British have done many things to improve the ilarily do we find a difference in other forms of life of the people, and missionaries are grateful government service where men are not Christians. for the British law and order, peace and justice, which give freedom for the teaching and practice Some British officers, with a Christian back- of religion. Many British officers, with high ground who had seen the cooperative societies of ideals of Christian character, have tried to set up Europe, have tried to organize similar societies , the machinery of government organization to aid for the relief of poor farmers, enslaved by debt, the people of the country. Colleges have been es- who often pay 100% interest for money borrowed tablished by the government, teaching science, to meet living and agricultural expenses between engineering, law and medicine. In each district harvests. They organized central cooperative headquarters there is a government hospital with banks and persuaded men of means to put their free beds and free dispensing of medicines, with savings into them, to be loaned to the poor farm- two doctors in charge. All of this is paid for out ers at much reduced rates of interest. The or- of the taxes. We do not often see such service ganization was set up for village cooperative even in America, but the difficulty is with the peo- credit societies where the farmers who put in ten ple who run the machinery. rupees for a share, could borrow up to 100 rupees I was visiting Myitkyina in the northern part for cultivation at a rate of 15 % instead of 100 %. of Burma where Mr. Geis was a missionary to the Kachins. Cholera had broken out. The people The Buddhist village leader saw in this a val- believe the demons have been let loose and are uable new opportunity, and told his sons and destroying them. At night bonfires are lighted on nephews and uncles, and hired men, to join. "If the streets; a great din is made by rattling of you do not have the money," he said, "I will lend tin cans and shouting. The Buddhist priests you ten rupees so you get your money in quickly. gather on the street corners and recite incanta- Now, elect me chairman. We will each stand se- tions to drive out the demons. Here sick people curity for one another, and sign a paper request- were on the streets, going to the hospital. We ing a loan of 100 rupees each." found a Kachin man lying beside the river bank This paper was sent to the cooperative bank and the loan was secured.

who had been stricken with cholera, and carried "Now," he said, "you give me the money; I am him to the hospital. We met Burmans and Chi- boss, and I will lend it out at the usual 100% in- nese, being helped by their neighbors, and trying terest to those who could not get into the society.

to reach the Government hospitals before they We will all make an easy profit without any died. When we arriv~d, we asked: work."

The loans were recorded in the loan books and, agriculture proposed to be taught in schools, is at the end of the year, principal plus interest was considered mere "animal learning." We are told written down as received, and the next day an to give our life-time savings to build pagodas and amount, equal to the principal and interest, was temples. The food of the poor must go as offer- loaned out again, so that the whole transaction ings to priests and idols. The price received for was merely a book transfer without any money. the harvest must be used for the pagoda festival The heads of the cooperative bank in the begin- and the burning of a dead priest. They teach us ning, were British but the popular cry demanded to waste our substance, but you Christians offer that a fellow-Buddhist should be placed at the the opportunity for progress."

head. When the depression came, and an investi- This man was a leading member of the legisla- gation was started to look for the actual money, tive council and finance committee, and a Burman it was learned there was no money, but only ac- Buddhist, but he knew that Christians were "dif- counts. The head of the bank, to prevent investi- ferent."

gation, burned the bank and his accounts; the Another experience strikingly illustrates this.

bank failed, and several thousand cooperative so- Speeding on an express train from Mandalay to Cieties were closed. Many pronounced the coop- Rangoon, I came to a bridge near which some erative movement a failure. The Christian men at· people had been stealing fence wire from the rail- Pyinmana have now organized a new cooperative road, for which they had been persecuted and bank and new types of village cooperative socie- punished. To get even with the railroad, they ties for the marketing of poultry products. The took the rails off from the bridge, and the engine Buddhist who was head of the cooperative de- crashed headlong into the gulch with several cars partment in my district, came to my office and on top of it, full of passengers. Fifty-seven peo- said: ple were killed. I was at the back of the train, "Unless Christian missionaries help develop the and jumped up with my electric torch. I ran Cooperative Movement in Burma, it will fail." down to the wreck where the injured were shriek- He knew Christians were "different." ing for help.

British doctors, with Christian ideals, saw the "Save me!" they cried. "I have money I will terrible health conditions and the suffering from give you. Save me!"

disease in the villages, and organized the Burma I climbed through a broken window on the side Health Department. Modern methods of health of one of the overturned cars and found I was education were introduced, and trained nurses walking upon the bodies of the dead, between and midwives were placed in strategic centers. which were still moving some arms and feet of Moving pictures were shown to shouting crowds those yet alive. A door had crushed six people all over Burma. Tons of health literature were who were still alive, but I could not raise it. I distributed all over the country, giving instruc- told the injured that I would go for help and come tion on feeding,care and prevention of disease, to save them. I went to the back of the train small pox, cholera, sanitation, pure water, with where men were sitting comfortably in their striking pictures in color. The people gladly ac- seats under the electric lights, and shouted: cepted the free literature. Paper is rarely seen "Will three or four of you men come and help in the villages and the health leaflets were often me to lift a door which has crushed six people?· used as cigar or cheroot wrappers, and were If you help, we can save them."

smoked with appreciation – the only method by Noone would move. ·1 went to the next car which many of them could take in the informa- where there were Buddhist priests with shaven tion! When I met the man at the head of the heads and yellow robes. They were men of in- propaganda work of this Department, in a Chris- fluence, whom people worshipped. I begged of tian village, where people eagerly welcomed him them to tell some strong men near by to come and his ideas, he said: and help me.

"Unless the Christians help in the work of the "They are your fellow-Burmans," I said, "your Health Department, it will only end in hot air." own flesh and blood. Come and help save them."

He was a Buddhist Burman, but he knew Chris- They just glared at me; no one said a word nor tians were "different." made a move. At the back of the train in the Recently I served' on a government committee guard-van, I knew there were axes and crowbars for the reorganization of village and vocational for emergencies. I went back and picked them education in Burma, and visited many schools. up, and as I returned, once more cried: When we left a Christian school, which was mak- "Will someone please come and help me save ing a distinctive contribution to village economic six people?"

life, one of the Burmese men said to me, "The A Burman gentleman stepped out and said, "I Buddhist priests teach us that we must not raise will help."

chickens and pigs. The science of health and He was a Christian lawyer from Mandalay. A

boy came running along beside me, who said he portunities of a more abundant life. He had a was from the Christian school in Mandalay. He bank on his estate which loaned money for culti- also would help. We climbed down into the wreck vating expenses, at 1270 instead of 100%. He and hacked and sawed at the door. While we always paid a higher price for the harvest than worked, passengers came along with lighted the neighboring merchants. He opened roads to candles, saying: the villages; he provided a private police force to protect the people from marauding robber bands, "I have lost my bed bundle! Where is my pil- and his door was always open to the farmers who low? I want my box; it has money in it." had difficulties and disputes to settle among them- selves. He was like a father to his tenants. Cap- One of the men who escaped injury, yelled at tain Rivers said to me: them, "Isn't it good enough that your life was saved, not to trouble these men at their work?" "You are teaching improved practices in the He joined in and helped, but the others only Pyinmana Agriculture School, and have men who worked to get something for themselves but would know how to show these tenants' better methods not work to save others. After many hours we of farming. Will you please locate some of your rescued the people under the door, but only four graduates from the school on my estate as demon- were alive. The last woman had her hip crushed. strators of improved agriculture?" It was daylight now, and some strong farmers were standing besides me looking on. I cried to When I put the proposition up to the young men one of them: in the school, three of them volunteered to leave home and settle on this estate. Each took ten "Won't you please help me carry this poor acres of land; the size of a tenant farm, and there woman across the stream?" they now are growing the improved government pedigreed rice, yielding 2570 more of a crop, "Ma-kaing, ye-bu," was the reply, which means, ripening one month earlier, than that of their "I do not feel like touching her. It would be un- neighbors. Because of earlier ripel!ing, the pleasant to help carry an injured woman." ground is still moist enough for planting, and cow peas have been sown in the rice stubble and plowed Soon after a relief train arrived with the Super- under. The beans grow, and pods form during intendent of the railroad. When I asked why the the two months while the rice is being harvested, people did not help, he replied: threshed and cleaned. Then, they come back and pick the beans which can be eaten or sold and so "In every wreck it is the same way. No one two crops are harvested from that rice field where will help." there was only one crop before. The bean vines are fed to the cattle that work the field, and next After many dead bodies were lifted out of the year a better crop of rice will grow because the wrecked cars, the workmen came upon a Bud- beans have made the soil more fertile. On the dhist priest who was still alive. He had been higher land, instead of rice, they are growing bolstered by the bodies surrounding him and had sugar cane, soy beans and pigeon peas, which not been injured. He stood up and shook his bring a higher income than the rice. Near their hand and then he shook his foot and said, "Noth- bamboo house is a vegetable garden with cabing is the matter with me. I am all right." And bages, carrots, onions, radishes, tomatoes, egg out came the usual Burman expression, "Kan- plants and lima beans. They have good things to kaung-lo-lut-teh," meaning "My good karma eat, produced in the home garden for which they (previous good deeds) has saved me." That is do not have to borrow from the bank between what the Buddhists have been taught for a thou- harvests. They use a modern plow that does sand years. People who were injured received twice as good work as the old native plow. They what they deserved, due to the evil deeds of a also have the Berkshire "Christian" pigs and the previous existence. Those who escaped received Barred Plymouth Rock "Christian" hens. the reward of their good deeds. Why should they suffer for others? The ideas of those farm demonstrators are spreading to the neighboring villages, and life is But Jesus Christ taught the way of the Cross, being changed. Those three farm demonstrators the way of suffering to save others. That is what and that captain at the head of the ·estate are makes Christians "different." working to lift the village farmers out of poverty, debt and hopelessness. Each of them is saying, For many years I shuddered whenever I went "I'll help. I'll help." They are Christians; their by that bridge. But now when I come to Kyauk- lives have been changed by the spirit of Jesus taga, the town near that wreck, I am thrilled with the expectation of meeting Christian friends Christ who said: working to save others. "I am come that they may have life and may Captain Rivers, a former army officer, recently have it more abundantly." became the director of a large estate of 35,000 acres on which live 15,000 tenant· farmers and their families. He saw their rice yielded a poor crop. They were slaves to money lenders, and life was hopeless. He wanted to lift them to the op-

by M,r. aM Mrs. Martin

KENYA GIRLS OF EAST AFRICA-THEIR ORNAMENTS ARE BRASS RINGS, BEADS AND IVORY EARRINGS Photo by Mr. and Mrs. Martin Johnson MOVING PICTURE-EAST AFRICAN NATIVES STARTING A WAR DANCE

Moving Pictures of African

11 By WILliAM L. ROGERS, Now Y",k I~ O NCE it was news when denominational mis- ensuing industrialization; the wealth of Africa's sion boards cooperated in their missionary natural resources; and some of the effects of in- work. Now the first joint production of a dustrialization upon the native African. These motion picture on a year's field of foreign mission reels are comprehensive enough for advanced edu- study is news because it marks another advance cational groups, and at the same time are pre- in interdenominational cooperation. It is news, sented so simply as to be usable with the grade too, when that motion picture, prepared primarily school children.

for missionary education, is recommended by edu- Reel three, From Fetishes to Faith, takes up cators for use in public schools as an educational the problems which confronted the first mission- film. It bids fair to be a successful experiment aries to Africa, shows how they are gradually be- in cooperative financing. ing solved and sketches the hopes for the Chris- Since Africa has been the subject for foreign tian church in Africa when the present tremen- mission study by the Protestant churches during dous needs have been met. Thus the first two the past year, it seemed advisable to have ade- reels paint the background of African life in quate visual material to supplement the study which Christian missionaries must work, while books. the third reel shows what is being done for the A committee of the Missionary Education African. The entire African situation is in this Movement soon found that although many of the way presented to the church at home and chal- denominational boards had short motion picture lenges it to match the efforts of the missionary films on Africa, none wished to take the respon- with unselfish support.

sibility for editing a longer film for interdenom- The success met in the cooperative financing of inational use. The Harmon Foundation finally this production offers the hope that a way has agreed to produce the picture, through its Division been found by which the denominational boards of Visual Experiment, and to make copies of the may have valuable visual material on their vari- film available to the boards, providing the Boards ous mission fields which has hitherto been too having work in Africa would assist. expensive. When twelve sets have been sold pro- A fine piece of cooperation followed. Ten of duction costs will have been met and the net in- the boards and their missionaries contributed come from additional sales will be divided among films, as did the late Martin Johnson, the Legation the purchasing boards. * Most of the boards own- of the Union of South Africa and others. The ing copies of the film charge a nominal rental for final selections were made from over a· hundred its use by local churches. It is likely that the first reels of film submitted. The scenario was pre- two reels will be increasingly used by the school pared by the writer of this article, with the help- systems of the country. While public schools will ful supervision of Rev. Emory Ross, Secretary of not accept religious material as such, they offer the Africa Committee of the Foreign Missions no objections to films embodying high ethical and Conference of North America, and by the Mis- cultural values. Denominational mission boards sionary Education Movement and denominational are thus in a strategic position for the production boards. of films which will pay their own way, while meet- AFRICA JOINS THE WORLD is a 16 mm. film, in ing the educational needs of the boards. Regard- three reels, each of which is a distinct unit. The less of whether or not AFRICA JOINS THE WORLD first reel, What Africa Is, makes use of animated proves a financial success to the denominational charts and maps as well as scenes to portray Af- mission boards, the interdenominational coopera- rica's history, physiography, racial distribution, tion that has gone into this production has great primitive religious beliefs, arts, and tribal or- vallie in itself and points the way to future help- ganization. The second reel, How Africa Lives, ful cooperation in the same field.

shows Africa's home life – types of houses, clothes, ornamentation, domestic relations, and • Ten and two-thirds sets have already been sold to boards- types of food; how th e African I'mteamkeasn a l' tivhinthge; Assemblies of God; Church of the Brethren; Congregational and the conquest of A fri ca b y the wh Christian; Methodist Episcopal; National Baptist; Northern Bap- W I u.tist Convention; Norwegian Lutheran; Presbyterian Church in S.; Presbyterian Church in U. S. A.; Seventh Day Adventist [251 ]

Future of Antioch I•n

Christian Missions to the ffMother of Gentile Churches"

By W. G. GREENSLADE, Beirut, Syria I Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. 1)8- ~==========================~ W HAT happens to Antioch in Syria is of largely substituted Latin for Arabic characters more than passing interest to Christians. in signs on the shops, and they publish a daily That city, "Mother of Gentile Churches," paper called "The New Day," partly in the Latin is where the "disciples were first called Chris- character and partly in the Arabic.

tians." Thence Paul and Barnabas set forth on The Arab or Syrian inhabitants of the sanjak, their foreign missionary campaign and there, including the Christian population is another fac- through the early centuries, Christian theology tor. Alexandretta is also Syria's only seaport and was worked out. Thence Ignatius went to Rome a large part of Aleppo's shipping· is through that to die a martyr and Chrysostom went to Constan- port. To pass by rail from Aleppo to Alexan- tinople to preach righteousness. There the body dretta means crossing the Turkish border and of Simeon Stylites was brought for burial from back again.

his neighboring mountain where he had made his The Syrian attitude is as follows: "Turkey de- influence felt throughout the empire. Several sires to annex the province of Alexandretta on ecclesiasts of Oriental Christian sects still bear the pretext that most of its inhabitants are Turks.

the title "Patriarch of Antioch," though living in … The Syrian people never doubt the fact that Damascus, Beirut or other centersl. the majority of the inhabitants of the sanjak are In recent months Antioch has been the subject Arabs.. . . Turkey cannot ignore the fact that of an international controversy. France has the natural boundaries between Turkey and Syria promised independence to the two mandated coun- are the Taurus Mountains; there are no other tries of Syria and the Lebanese Republic and will boundaries at all. If some of her subjects are liv- recommend their admission to the League of Na- ing to the south of this range why does she not tions. But Turkey has demanded a further di- suggest the exchange of inhabitants."

vision of Syria by making the district of Alexan- Recent reports from Geneva seem to indicate dretta, including its metropolis Antioch, into an that the Turkish view is prevailing and that the independent state. sanjak of Alexandretta is to have an independent What bearing has this controversy on the administration with a French High Commis- missionary cause? Since the World War the san- sioner, with a nominal allegiance to Syria, but jak (or ,district) of Alexandretta, though con- with recognition of Turkey's peculiar interests.

nected with Syria, has been financially autono- This may be merely a first step in the reabsorp- mous and has had some degree of administrative tion of Alexandretta and Antioch by Turkey.

independence. Racially the population differs The chief Christian mission operating in the from the rest of Syria in that a large proportion territory is the Irish Reformed Presbyterian with is of Turcoman stock. Antioch is predominantly stations at Alexandretta and Antioch. Its work Turkish-speaking, with Arabic and Armenian as is chiefly among the Arabic-speaking population.

secondary languages. From Antioch can be seen A number of Armenian Congregational churches the long ridge of Musa Dagh, with its cluster of are the result of the work of the American Board.

Armenian villages. Opportunities for contacts and effective witness- Turkey's interest in the sanjak is based partly ing have been found by the missionary agencies in on the large Turkish-speaking population, and the territory, but the most fruitful line of ap- partly on the ground that the occupation of Alex- proach has been through literature. The printed andretta was purely military and not intended as word is being-read more widely than is often.

a permanent annexation to Syria. She also main- realiz·ed. Colportage work has been carried on, tains that the responsibility of France cannot be and newspaper evangelism has been attempted.

passed on to the new state of Syria. The port of Turkish-speaking students from the Near East Alexandretta is only a few miles to the south of School of Theology in Beirut have been able to Turkish territory. The Turks on the Syrian side spend their summers working with some success have their young Kamalist clubs; they have in Antioch and other centers.

[252 ]

MISSIONARIES THROUGH COLORED GLASSES

As to the effect of the new agreement upon mis- ligious regulations of Turkey would apply to work sionary activity, there is not likely to be any im- among the Turks. The question which should disportant limitation of present liberties so long as a turb the Church is whether the Christian forces system of joint sponsorship prevails. Should the are going to be adequate to meet the opportunity district ultimately be absorbed by Turkey, the re- in this ancient stronghold of Christianity.

Missionaries Through Colored Glasses "Fighting Angel" and "The Exile" by Pearl Buck A Review by the REV. H. KERR TAYLOR, D.D., Nashville, Tenn.

Recently a Missionary in China under the Presoyterian Church, South I N "The Exile," Pearl Buck wrote an idealized guage, she really believes about God or prayer or picture of her mother, a remarkable record of the uniqueness of the character and claims of a life with a high purpose, the picture of a de- Jesus Christ – not to speak of the nature and voted missionary. One is conscious at times that reality of sin. At times we wonder where her the daughter is weaving into the picture her own sympathies are. sophistication; it is difficult to conceive of Mrs. Sydenstricker as a mere "exile." But the charm Those who knew her parents are convinced that and self-sacrifice of her character is beautifully Pearl Buck is pitifully disloyal to her father. If portrayed. she cannot agree with the purpose for which the missionaries of Christ give their lives, at least In striking contrast to this is the picture drawn she need not spread a perverted estimate of them. of the father in "The Fighting Angel." According That many missionaries have made mistakes and to the daughter his understanding sympathy and even sinned, they themselves would not deny. Still love for his children were conspicuous by their the ratio of failings which she describes to other absence; his mind was wholly on his work, so characteristics and achievements of magnificent that the mother is represented as forced to fend worth would be about one to ten thousand. To alone for the welfare of the children. Former one familiar with missionary life, her criticisms friends and associates of Dr. Absalom Syden- and strictures are often false and absurd. stricker, who is called "Andrew" in the book, would scarcely associate with his memory the At the same time her descriptions of missionstubborn, awkward, ruthlessly Teuton spirit that ary sacrifice, loneliness, hardships, courage and the daughter describes. They speak of him as an fortitude are vivid and true. Would that every intense individualist; but the reputation they speaker and writer on this theme had the descrippreserve for him is "that prince of itinerators." tive ability of Pearl Buck. Her descriptions are With prodigious labor through fifty years, he excellent of Chinese life, villages, dogs, gambling, preached the Gospel round about Sutsien and Su- the opening of Montgomery Ward boxes, and chowfu and Haichow and Tsing-Kiang-pu. It was some of the economic missionary problems. The his aim and accomplishment to build on no other account of the fateful days of the siege of Nanman's foundation. king in 1928 is accurate and thrilling.

It is well to remember that, for Pearl Buck, the In spite of all she says about her father one norm of what missionary work ought to be, in- cannot but – even through these pages – respect deed of religion itself, is that which lies in her the old man. He deserves a truer and better symown mind. She is not a missionary and now lives pathetic historian. His soul was not the petty on an estate in Pennsylvania, and in an apartment thing here described, nor was his environment. in New York. One gathers from this book that Missionary life is not an exile. It is not a duress. missionary service is not at all to her liking. To a true missionary it is a glad privilege, in spite of hardships. That is what the missionaries have It is difficult to understand just what, in spite been ceaselessly telling us; and from the looks of of her 17th century Biblical and theological lan- their faces we believe it.

Ways of

crested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MR8. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I========================~I Shall We Use Projects'? pull with all its might. Christ from its promotional literature was a most concrete preacher give the following specifications: There can scarcely be ap.y and leader in actual endeavor. question as to the nece~sity for The adoption of a missionary or Magnify your world-a project ~or giving new~born emotIOn~ ~nd a share m a worker, his field or enlarged VIsion. Instead of seemg purposes aroused by mISSIOn some feature thereof will moti- India as a far-away country of remote study and programs an e~rly ac- vate a congregation far more interest the Y. P. W. F. Project will tivation as a conservatIOn and than pulpit eloquence or even reveal large groups of ea~est, at~n­ an outlet. But opinions differ as brilliant programs. tive young people learmng to h~e useful, satisfying lives, to take theIr to whether the unconcreted ap- Illustrations of this are the places in home, chu~ch and profespeal for "missions" or .the sp~­ familiar outflow of personal sional life. Japan WIll be sho~n !lot cific one for some defimte proJ- gratitude in Thanksgiving min- as a tiny island kingdom onsthng ect should be the ideal. Must istrations to the unfortunate; with armament but rather the locathe budget be concreted in order boxes, "barrels," special offer- tion of the Sei Gakuin boys' school in to awaken adequate response? ings, etc., in the a~mosphere of Tokyo. Africa will no longer appear One major denomination with Christmas; the clImaxmg of a as a huge continent filled with super- period of mission study in a stition, ignorance and disease, .but as which the writer is familiar class, department or an en~ire a great opportunity for spr~ad.mg the came out determinedly for the Sunday schOOl by preparmg Gospel of Christ and the prmcIples of generalized appeal and closed its packages of usable articles for Christian living through hundreds of African missionaries or Negro vdlage schools, meagerly equipped but budget channel to s p e c i f i c s. groups on the home field ~his attended by pupils intent on learning Whether this was a premature year; taking up. the collectIOns the teachings which will unlock for forward movement toward an in miniature AfrIcan call drums, them the storehouse of knowledge to ideal goal or a disregard of southern gourds or similar re- which the white man has access. And ceptacles, by a child in native so around the world ,the Project brings fundamentals in human psy- costume' making a model of a out in bold relief youth of all races chology is left an open quest,on; mission 'station, moulding pot- and countries beckoning to us for friendship and understanding, for a but the outcome was disastrous tery in clay, etc., etc. The vil- helping hand. . . . This is an effecand the national policy had to be lage schools of Africa .have fur- tive effort at building a new world materially modified. Is it not nished popular proJ ects for through the educational enterprises of young people in the past year's our brotherhood which have been set true that human responses are study, also looking up Afri~an or aside to be supported by young people. and always will be varied due to American Negro students m vaearly conditioning and that elu- riouscommunities and culti- More than 4,000 young people worksive thing we call temperament? vating their friendship. "Ex- Undoubtedly some people inte- changing experiences in your ing together can. do something…By grate and synthesize their early group or with other groups as to joining forces WIth other ChrIstIan missionary information and your adventures in o~her ra<;e youth an individual aJility can be friendship," is a practIcal proJ- magnified many times. Here's how to align their future activity with ect suggested in the Disciples of an abstract ideal. But this can- Christ literature for the current do it: . not be counted upon. Many year. By far the most ambiti?us others of equal worth must al- venture on a large scale of WhI<;h Select your project (a list of seven ways think and respond in terms the writer has recently heard IS is given, this list to be changed every two years so that groups may have of the concrete. Hence the de- The Young People's World opportunity for diversified end~avor). sirability of a specific project Friendship Project Discuss the proposed work WIth the carefully selected and persist- young people, the pasto: an~ the ad~lt launched l~st year by the United adviser. Secure matenals mcluded m ently renewed froIl.l t!me to tim.e. Christian Missionary Societ~ of a free packet to be had from .The Ministers often fall Just here m the Disciples church. BrIefs United Christian Missionary SOCIety, their pulpit presentations, think- 222 Downey Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. ing "a few missionary illustra- [254 ] Set your financial goal at $1.00 per share getting as many subscribers tions" in their routine sermons for shares as possible in the young are enough for them to qualify people's group. Make up your annual as missionary-minded pastors. goal bv September of each year oli The congregation needs some- the basis of the number of shares the thing tangible to lay hold of and group can support, sending :word re- garding the goal to the natlOnal or- ganization. Throughout the year at every meeting of the group mention the Project. Give information as to what is being done. Give special as- signments to groups for reports.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Keep the interest alive by constantly 25 % of the membership are giv- electric lights under colored stressing the Project. The entire plan is an attempted answer to the ing anything for missionary be- paper, if in the house) indioft-repeated question of young people, "May we not have some piece of nevolences, thus almost crippling cating how the big logs under missionary work to consider our very own"? this next 1},nger at the bottom," the pot represent the mission- Other religious groups with etc., etc., until the total mutilated aries and Christians in the U. S. specific projeots worked out in conformity with age interests "hand" is held up as the symbol and the little black sticks the naand the down-to-date conditions of our changing world are urged of the working efficiency of the tive evangelists, the total fire beto send their plans to this Department for the purpose of church. If the application is to ing the effect of close coopera- "sharing" our best endeavors in the common Cause. be made individual in some such tion. Neither is sufficient alone.

Note the Department Editor's address at group as a young people's so- African Lights and Shadows: the top of page 254 to avoid the delay of forwarding from the New York office. ciety, cut out enough hands for A vivid story illustrated while Visualizations all present, and in the course of being told by shadow pictures on Akin to projects and doing the talk, have each member a large sheet. Full directions close teamwork therewith are the appeals to the eye. Don't "mutilate" his own symbol in given in leaflet of that name. skip over this ne~t portion, Friend Worker – among – Adults, accordance with his personal Upriver on the Oregon: A for regardless of maturity, Eyegate has never had a close com- record, and take the resulting travelogue along the African petitor as a popular route to Man-soul; and if the device is symbol home for prayerful con- river of that name, a river being adapted to the age interests of the group and made an auxiliary sideration. It will often press simultaneously traced in sand on means instead of the main objective, it will be found an effective home the truth as mere words a table or on a map, with palm attention riveter and memory fixer. Remember the example of and injunctions cannot do. trees, little huts, toy animals, the great Teacher among fields, lakes, lilies, fowls of the air, etc. The following visualizations boats and mission stations dot- Maps, pictures, pos,ters and unique uses of the church bulle- outlined in the packets of the ting the scene at intervals. tin board need only be mentioned. A good chalk talker is Disciples' literature mentioned In an African Setting: Coninvaluable. The device of the Crippled Hand may be made in our previous issue are well struction of an African villageconscience searching. Trace and cut out a life-sized outline of the worth thinking about: homemade or a Bradley Village human hand with fingers well apart. Write on each of the five White Gobblers: A s the Cut-out, with the meeting arfingers an objective in general speaker tells of the successive il- ranged as a palaver, the African congregational or group work legitimate seizures of African drum call given, the native as: Regular attendance at serv- territory by European nations, a greeting shown, etc. ices, systematic and proportional giving (for "current expenses" white paper gobbler (for which Meet Your Own Missionaries: and "for benevolences" on sep- pattern is furnished) bearing Costumed impersonations of arate digits if desired), daily the name of the nation concerned missionaries who tell their own prayer, mission study, and the printed across it is fastened in stories as taken from biographilike. If the congregation or the the appropriate place on the cal sketches furnished by the lesser group is to be considered large map of Africa, so that the publishing society. (These may as the unit, give a little talk on finished map will show plainly be obtained at almost all the deeach digital objective in turn, as, the location and number of for- nominational headquarters, by "In our membership of 375, the eign "gobblings." It is best to . applying to the literature secreaverage attendance at a worship have one person attend to the tary or clerk in the educational service is only about 125, so this mounting and a series of speak- department. ) first finger is two-thirds crippled ers present the subject matter, As stated last month, packets (bending it down in that pro- as, "Gobbler Britain" (eight including these items and much portion, on the device); only gobblers required); "Gobbler more available material usable Portugal" (three); "Gobbler in any denominational group France" (six), etc. While the may be had for 50 cents each.

territory in which the United A great variety of interde- States is interested in ~ mission- nominational devices on the ary way (the Congo) is under same principle as the foregoing the control of other nations, it is have been described in this De- well to prick our pride in not partment in previous months possessing a gobbler of our own and may be found in files of the by mention of incidents in our Magazine such as most public past history where we have libraries have. It is the earnest played the part ourselves. desire of the Editor to list and God's Torchbearer's – a com- cite prices for usable material bination.of visualization and im- among all denominations, bear- personation, in that a series of ing on the new study topics, if speakers representing different sent as early as possible for African natives come forward June, July, September and Oc- at the summons of the leader. tober numbers. African and each carrying a little black stick Negro stereopticon and moving which the leader places under a pictures proved invaluable vis- pot hung above a camp fire (real ualizations in schools of missions if outdoors but simulated with as well as regular church wor-

ship services, in the past year. sential to its universal mission. And cluding some material for young There will be a list of such pic- only as they retain that vision are tures bearing upon "Rural Life" they likely to resist absorption into people and the little folks. In the setting of what is designated and "The Moslem World" for new political faiths built around race, as a renewed interest in tithing, class and nation. your selection at an early date. The rentals are nominal; and Weare encouraged by the in- "Helps for the Stewardship projectors may be found now- terdenominational response to Chairman" says: adays in almost all communities. plans set forth in this Depart- ment to believe that THE REVIEW First and most important of all, let us get this truth firmly fixed in our Fresh Missionary Ammunition is having no small part in culti- minds: Tithing is nota scheme for vating the atmosphere for the raising money. . . . God is after Each month the Department growth of this world Christian hearts. Tithes and offerings consti- Editor's mail bag brings fresh consciousness. To that end send tute the age-old plan of the heavenly encouragement to believe that in your best plans for mission- Father (1) to save men's souls from the "ways of working" featured ary education in all departments the deadly sin of covetousness; (2) to in THE REVIEW are proving of church activity, particularly teach His redeemed children to put most acceptable and are widely His Kingdom first; (3) to allow them appropriated. Innumerable pJeas among the children and young thus to have a part in the extending for more information regarding people who are our hope for a of His Kingdom, thereby glorifying plans thus passed along from new world order. God and obtaining "treasures in our contributors are received, heaven." also requests for activating lit- Children's Special Pac k e t: erature-and this regardless of A play, "The 'Prove Me' denominational imp r i n t s on The Editor has recently received Plan," is included with the dileaflets and programs. This is from the United Christian Mis- versified literature, some of as it should be in an era when sionary Society, Missions Build- which is especially adapted for strenuous efforts are being made ing, Indianapolis, Indiana, a use in devotional services in the to increase the consciousness of large package of missionary ma- women's society. Write the Litthe Church as a world Christian terial for use with junior groups erature Department of the Womcommunity, not a series of sep- en's Missionary Union as menarate sectarian plots in which bearing upon the current theme tioned above for list of leaflets Baptists, Presbyterians, Meth- of Africa, their period for such and prices separately or as a odists, etc., are cultivating their study being April-October of this whole. own particular doctrinal speci- year. It is admirably adapted mens. for use among children of that Bermuda, Coral Isle of the age interest. It includes intro- Atlantic: This is the title of a In a report on the state of the ductory explanatory material, a new silent, 16 mm. motion pic- Church at the biennial meeting map of course, good picture ture film, complete in three reels, of the Federal C 0 u n c i I of loaned free of charge by the Na- Churches of Christ in America, sheets, stories, suggestions for tional Motion Picture Service, last December 9-11, these words creative activity, fascinating 723 Seventh Ave., New York. were spoken: details for making an African Write direct to the company. village, plans for making a wall frieze, an African picture book, A Seventieth Anniversary Cel- native canoes from hollowed-out ebration: The Methodists are wood, moving pictures of Af- "going places" just now. Among By every means in our power the rican scenes, posters, a very other things, their Women's Forvision of the Church as a world Christian community mu~t be made elaborate African party, games eign Mission Society has in- African children delight in, augurated a campaign for three luminous if our devotion to it is strengthened. The practical need of imaginary tours through mis- years leading up to the celebra- this emphasis is acute. Such an em- sion stations, guessing games, tion of their seventieth anniverphasis will put the enterprise of foreign missions in its proper and per- camp fires, real African refresh- sary, with a different emphasis manent setting. And it is entirely ments, etc. While some of the for each year. This campaign possible that our people will give of material describes conditions at is bound to yield much that is of their substance. to a cooperative world definite stations maintained by universal interest and usefulness Christianity in· a measure even ex- the Christian Missionary So- among sis t e r denominations, ceeding their gifts to the pioneering ciety, even that is of a typical, particularly during its first year missionary efforts of the past. . . . What is needed today is the actual general character, and the large whose main emphasis is to be growth of fellowship. This seems to bulk of material might be used upon a "teaching mission." The us the central guiding principle of the Christian conscience in thes'O! times. equally well in any evangelical words "seven" and "seventy" group anywhere. The stories are to be played upon in the va- Wherever the barriers of economic, racial and nationalistic differences are particularly good. This gen- rious features-each district to impede the growth of fellowship. there erous-sized packet sells for 25 secure seven new organizations the Christian conscience demands that these barriers and not fellowship cents and is well worth its price. for their seven-point star; auxshould give way. . . . Only as our Tithing Material:' From the iliaries to be divided into groups members catch the vision of the Women's Missionary Union of of seven for prayer circles; sev- Church as a World Christian Com- the Southern Baptist Church, enty intercessors throughout the munity are we likely to find solutions to these problems (the relations of 1111 Comer Building, Birming- country, etc. Fuller details and Church and State) which will pre- ham, Ala., comes a flood of new suggestions are in hand and will serve for the Church the freedom es- leaflets to promote tithing, in- be featured next month. The Council of Women for Home Missions EDITH E. LOWRY, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~,~,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~==I~~ INDIAN MOTHERS We thank thee, our heav- enly Father, for the mothers who freely offered themselves that we might live.

We think of their love and their loyalty, their gentleness and their strength, their kind- ness and care, their sacrifice and patience.

Help us, 0 God, to honor them by our thoughts, by our words, by our actions, by our appreciation and by our grati- tude. Help us so to learn and grow and live that we may be- come the fulfilling of our mothers' desires and prayers for us.

May we be kind to them as they have been kind to us; may we help them as they have helped us, remembering that He who died for us upon the Cross in that last hour was mindful of His mother.

"All mothers are rich when they love MOTHER AND A MODERN INDIAN MOTHER their children. DAUGHTER hard. "Your mother said, 'she There are no poor mothers, no ugly Yannabah slowed her pony to cannot go. Tonight there will ones, no old ones. a walk. The desert air was good be a "sing" for her.' " after five years at the govern- Their love is always the most beau- ment school. A few weeks were Yannabah knew w hat it tiful of the joys." hers, weeks of vacation from meant-the sing, the dance, the school, from routine, from strict men sitting in a circle around MAURICE MAETElRLINCK. discipline. She would be happy her to look her over, finally one in her old home. of them taking her to his "ho- A PRAYER gan" to live. There would be no Someone was coming up the more chance for school. For a We bless thee for the great main road. She knew it was an moment she hid her face. Then and precious ideal of mother- Indian by his bare head and the she lifted her head proudly. hood. swift stride of his moccasined feet. "Tell the trader's wife to look We praise thee for the present for me by the time the moon is joy and the lasting influence of "Hocko, shahte," the voice of up," she said. The boy sped all good mothers. her cousin greeted her. down the trail into the desert.

We think of the noble women "The trader's child is ill," he "Yannabah rode slowly along all over the world and in all said eagerly. He knew that at the trail to her own hogan, all times who have prayed God to school she had had hospital the joy gone from her heart. bless them with children, and training. The old mother sat on the then have prayed him to bless ground near the fire. Once their children. "I will go," she said, with a Yannabah lifted her head and feeling of exultation.

"No," said the boy, his voice [257 ] looked long into her mother's or whether such practices are CONFERENCE ON LIFE eyes, but soon both turned away departures from the earlier cus- AND WORK, OXFORD, troubled. Should she stay with toms and are a lowering of tribal the old woman who loved her standards, so bringing degen- ENGLAND Church, State and Society though she said so little about eracy.

it? If she went away per- "Are the old men and women Following a dozen years after haps it would mean that she who tell the young people that the original Conference on could never return to her moth- 'Blanket Marriages' are a cus- Christian Life and Work at er's hogan. But she could go tom of the tribe, willing to make Stockholm in 1925, there will back to the towns and schools the efforts their forefathers meet at Oxford, July 12 to 26, and have a chance at the hospital made to see that such marriages a second world conference of the training she had dreamed of. are not just temporary arrange- same general nature under the Perhaps some day she could ments? Are the older people auspices of the Universal Chrisserve her own people in a hos- making the old efforts to see tian Council. pital on the desert. that such marriages are made in good faith and kept pure or is it Among the 825 persons who Yannabah decided to leave but a matter of complete unconcern will go to Oxford the number of knew if she were to go it must to any and all of the older mem- women thus far appointed from be quickly.. She turned, gave a bers of the tribe whether or not America is thirteen. Among last look across the fire to the the young folk so marrying in- them are: Miss Eliza H. Kenbent old woman at her task, and tend to remain faithful, protect- drick of Wellesley College, Mrs. was gone. The old woman heard ing their mates from the evils of H. H. Pierce of New York City, her go but did not stop her. adultery, or desertion and neg- Mrs. Harper Sibley of Washing- Perhaps she had a moment of lect? ton, Mrs. Fred S. Bennett of the true understanding for her girl Council of Women for Home who had been learning better "The essence of valid mar- Missions, Miss Anna V. Rice of ways. riage is the free consent before the Y. W. C. A., and Mrs. Harrie witnesses of parties who are R. Chamberlin of Toledo, Ohio. Misunderstood and misunder- competent and free to marry to Other prominent women constanding – Yannabah so typical live permanently together as nected with American church of Indian youth of today, stands man and wife to the exclusion of life have been invited but have midway between the old customs all others on either side. This found it impossible to accept. of her parents and the new civ- much is required in all civilized ilization of the white man and communities today. Studies in preparation for the yet belongs to neither. Conference are engaging the at- "In Christian marriage a man tention of leading individuals in . Excerpts from a story by Dorothy Cate, and woman are joined together significant groups in many parts III the Woman's Press Magazine. in Christ. The marriage be- of the world. The following are comes as much a part of the particularly recommended: (1) THE STUDENT WELFARE spiritual life and development Christ's Way and the World's- COMMITTEE OFFERS as baptism, confirmation and In Church, State, and Society, ATHOUGHT* partaking of Holy Communion. by Henry Smith Leiper; pre- senting crucial issues and how The Student Welfare Com- "The young Indian, returning the churches are seeking to meet mittee of Flandreau Indian to the reservation, can make of them in our contemporary School, Flandreau, South Da- marriage a mockery. He may world; 144 pages; paper cover kota, has been thinking most give up all idea of establishing 65 cents, cloth 90 cents. (2) seriously about elementary so- a home and enjoying the com- Church and State on the Eurocial obligations of young Indian panionshp of a woman who re- pean Continent, by Adolf Keller. women and men. They offer spects him and whom he re- (3) Christian Faith in the Modthe following ideas, set down by spects. He may use for his own ern State, by Nils Ehrenstrom. Miss Bernice Cartwright, the selfish lusts the freedom custom The author is a brilliant Swedish interdenominational Director of has given him on some of the scholar. Probable price, $1.50. Religious Education, stationed reservations. But he will not be at the school under the Joint contributing to the growth of The United Youth Movement Indian Committee of the Home ideals nor to an advancement of has taken the responsibility for Missions Councils. the Indian people. On the other sending eight youth delegates to' hand he can look seriously at the the Oxford Conference. "One of the difficulties young problem, the obligation entered Indian people face when they re- turn from schools to the reser- into, with an idea of establishing A special radio program in vation, is to know whether or a home, caring for his family by England has brought the subject not certain practices at home are protecting them from neglect matter of the Conference to the really part of earlier customs and disease and taking part in attention of the listening public which kept a race clean and fine, the life of the community. And and a somewhat similar series he must choose a woman whose has been promised in the United * From the News Bulletin issued by the .ideals and standards are as high States by the National Broadstudents at Flandreau U. S. Indian School, Flandreau, South Dakota. as his own. casting Company.

Hopeful Ohanges to twenty pupils, was invited

address the students. He com- Incorporation of the Ohurch A writer in the C. M. S. Out- mented favorably upon their zeal look sends encouraging news to gain knowledge of Confucius, The Church of Christ in China from Fukien that is in contrast who has the respect of the whole is. negotiating with the National with familiar stories of ban- thinking world, but did not fail Government with a view to hav- ditry, famine, and warfare: to tell them how infinitely more ing the Assembly's constituent Communication is being im- satisfying Christ is than Consynods and churches registered proved through the opening of fucius. with the Government. Registra- motor roads and there is marked tion is the equivalent to "incor- progress in popular education, The Chinese teacher said: poration" in America. Until it opium suppression and good "You are forgetting that Conis registered, the church cannot government. Steps are being fucius is our chief philosopher become a property holding body. taken to turn erstwhile bandits and leader of thought in China, The Government has recently into law-abiding citizens, and and meets every condition of passed regulations governing the also to remove the cause of the our life most satisfactorily." registration of all kinds of or- trouble, i. e., the economic disaganizations ranging from wom- bilities of the farming popula- The missionary suggested that en's clubs and labor unions to tion. Thus, some of the greatest on the morrow they submit the chambers of commerce and hindrances to the Gospel are be- t€!achings of both to a test, and churches. Naturally, regula- ing removed. this was done at the city gates, tions sufficiently comprehensive where many lepers gathered to cover such a diversity of or- Hopeful open-mindedness is daily. Whichever presentation ganizations include provisions observed among educated peo- should bring the greatest satiswhich make it exceedingly diffi- ple, radical theories are becom- faction to the lepers, should win. cult for the church to accept. ing discredited and moral char- The missionary read passages However, the present national acter is coming to be desired expressing the sympathy and Government is ex c e e din g I y more than eloquence. There is companionship of Christ with friendly to the Christian move- an increasing measure of co- the unfortunate sufferers. ment and it is expected that such operation a m 0 n g Christian difficulties will be overcome. forces, and new power has come "Of course," said the Chinese into the lives of Christian work- teacher, "Confucius said nothing -Presbyterian Banner. ers. Teachers are learning the of the lepers and so I cannot secret of leading their pupils one match what Jesus says with any Famine in Szechwan by one to God in Christ. Med- saying of Confucius." The lepers ical workers are exhibiting new made the decision for Christ. In the New York Times of patience and winsomeness in March 21, Szechwan, China's their relations with the sick. -Outlook for Missiom. most populous province, is re- Pastors are learning to be true ported to be in the worst drouth shepherds to their flock, and are New Bible Society Branch in 25 years. Large portions of finding the way to bring back the province have had no rain wanderers to the fold. Ordinary Christians of Chefoo have refor a year. Streams have dried church members are feeling the cently organized a new branch up and even the mighty Yangtse urge to pass on the blessing they of the China Bible Society. At River has been reduced to a have received, rather than leave the opening meeting of this trickle. Over 200 deaths are re- the evangelistic work to paid Chefoo branch, it was explained ported daily from starvation in agents of the Church. Every- that the purpose of the China Chungking and its suburbs. Re- where, a new harmony, a deeper Bible Society is not to break lief workers have been prac- spirit of fellowship, is being en- away from the three foreign tically helpless to cope with the gendered. Bible Societies w 0 r kin g in situation. China, but to work in coopera- Oonfucius or Ohrist? tion with them. It was pointed There is enough rice and other out that Chinese Christians food in the province, and they A Christian traveler who vis- should realize their responsibilsay that there would be no ited a school in China, where ity in helping with the distribufamine if there were organiza- Confucianism was being taught tion of God's Word and the Gostion for distribution. Thus far pel message; and should emphathe government has done noth- [259 ] size more the reading of the ing about this problem. Bible. A fine spirit of unity and

enthusiasm was apparent among JAPAN-CHOSEN of the world, and at the end of Christian leaders. that time cannot give any idea Coordination of Christian of what it is all about." The future control and leader- Forces ship of this newly-formed body -Monday Morning. will be under an executive com- The disbanding of the Federamittee of eleven m e m b e r s, tion of Christian Missions as a Twenty-Four-Hour a Day chosen to represent the different delegated mission body, and the Church churches and Christian organ- turning over of its administraizations in Chefoo. tive functions to the National S. Sodeyama, after a period of Christian Council brings the study in America, held a seven- -Chinese Recorder. missionary body definitely with- year pastorate in Nagasaki, in the Council's constituency where he became convinced that Practical Christianity . . . makes the council the all- preaching alone was an inade- inclusive clearing house for the quate expression of the Gospel, Mr. A. J. Dieffenbacher, tem- Christian movement rin the em- so he and his wife moved to porarily stationed at Kanhsien, pire … places (in the council) Tanaka, a section of Kyoto made Kiangsi, sings praises of a Bible the responsibility and task of up of Korean workers, "waterwoman who is never too busy to correlating the work of missions level" outcasts, garbage and rag teach the Gospel. "She has, of and missionaries so that they collectors, beggars and the poorcourse, to take time for cooking, will increasingly become an in- est of Japanese laborers living washing and sewing, but why tegral part of the indigenous under unbelievable conditions; should this hinder her in work- Christian movement and be one of seven such communities ing for the Lord at the same given a worth while sphere of of Kyoto, and in only two are time ? Wash day is an ideal time action within the frame work of Christian churches. Here Mr. to teach Mrs. C- how to sing, the Japanese Church. Sodeyama began holding servfor the rubbing up and down on ices in his small home, and when the washboard is an excellent Another piece of coordination no one came he preached in the method for keeping time. Here is the formation of a conference streets. Gradually his memberis the picture. of publishers of Christian books ship has grown to 60 members. and publications, for the sake of To support his various enter- "The Bible-woman is at the closer cooperation to provide the prises, he purchased a small cart well doing her washing. Mrs. nation with a greater variety and began collecting waste paper C- is sitting on a stone opposite and beHer type of Chri'stian lit- and rags. Interested persons her. Today the chorus is, 'Jesus, erature. -Christian Century. became regular contributors, so the Saviour, save me.' The that he now has ten supporting Bible-woman sings a line, and He Had No Idea patrons many of whom are nonthen Mrs. C- repeats it. This Christians. is kept up until Mrs. C- has Two boys, both graduates of a learned the chorus by heart. Christian school, were applying His proteges include the blind, for a position. One was a Chris- the lame, the old, the poor and "Sewing day is the day for tian, one was not, and the rail- the lonesome. If hungry, they further instruction in the Word. road official who was interview- are fed. The homeless are taken There is some ripping as well as ing them was not a Christian. in and the jobless given work to sewing to be done, so Mrs. C- Technically, the non~Christian do. Few Westerners would like takes one end of the garment young man was somewhat better the accommodations, but it is and does the ripping, :while the prepared than the Christian. better than the under side of a Bible-woman sews the other end. The official finally asked them bridge. Pastor Sodeyama's vis- All the time the Bible-woman is both to tell him what they had its are the few rays of light that telling this young Christian more learned through their experi- pierce the inner darkness, for he about the riches that are her's ence in a Christian school that brings hope in his sermons, in Christ Jesus." would not have been the case if recreation in magazines, enter- they had gone to another kind of tainment at special seasons, -China's Millions. school. The non…Christian could medical attention, assistance in think of very little, but the entering the larger hospitals, Lifted and Lightened Faces Christian gave a very definite and even pocket money. statement of the benefits of his At a meeting in Mienchu, an faith. He was chosen for the -Presbyterian Tribune.· official who was won to Christ position. "It is not because you last year gave a testimony that are either Christian or non- Devil Possession in Korea illustrates the fact that trans- Christian," said the official. "It formed lives are reflected in is because I cannot think very Miss Louise B. Hayes gives a faces. At the close he said that highly of the intelligence of a remarkable ins tan c e of the if any non-Christian were to young man who, for five years, ,transforming power of God's have a photograph taken of him- has been associated with follow- Spirit. self, and afterwards truly repent ers of one of the great religions and believe in· Christ, and six "In a little village up in the months later have an 0 the r hills lived a young man, uneduphotograph taken, he could not cated and ignorant, who had help but notice the difference.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

fallen into all the vices known to mosa. During three weeks thou- he reads the Scripture lesson. Korean youth, a disgrace and sands of lukewarm Christians A prayer followed by five of the menace to the whole district. As renewed their allegiance to older girls, with responses by a result, he became a maniac, so Christ, long-prayed-for relatives the children. Then a hymn, fierce and wild that he had to be and friends were converted, and after which some fifty children, kept tied. A group of new Chris- multitudes asked for prayer. In from five to fifteen, rose in turn tians in a neighboring village North Formosa 151 preaching to give short bits of Bible hisheard of this madman, and de- bands were formed with three tory, which carried those who termined to pray for his recov- or more members each. When could understand it from the beery. The young man was he sailed back to China hundreds ginning of the Bible through its brought, bound, to the churc"h, went by train to see him embark, entire length. Some of these and the more earnest Christians and some, taking small boats, were dramatic in form, others met to pray. As they prayed, followed the steamer out to sea, musical, hymns were sung at the young man mocked them, an unprecedented demonstration various points, but the entire muttering, 'Blah, blah, blah,' but of affection. -So S. Times. program went along smoothly. they continued. S 0 met i m e s Now an older boy stepped again when the name of Jesus was Cebu Field, P. I. into the reading space, and read mentioneti he would curse and a short sermon in Samoan, then try to attack t"hem. They prayed On Cebu Island last year 242 in English, taking his text from on, in faith, and at last, he was were received into the churches Job 5: 17, 'Happy is the man cured. on profession of faith, and whom God correcteth: therefore eleven places have been opened despise not thou the chastening "Two months later I held a to the Gospel. This does not of the Almighty.' In this he reclass in this new church. The mean places where occasional ferred to the hurricane of last young man was at every session; visits are made, but places January, followed by severe food ~uiet and dignified, taking part where regular services have shortage, and by an epidemic of in the services, or quietly read- been established and a group of whooping-cough, w h i c h has ing his Bible. Apparently his baptized believers are carrying taken the lives of many. mind is sound and clear; he on by themselves. Four ten-day talks rationally, and thanks God Christian workers' institutes "As I watched the happy, infor his recovery. Wherever he have been conducted, with an telligent faces of the youngsters goes, he carries Bible and hymn average attendance of 69 stu- grouped in front of me, dressed book with him, and often he is dents. We believe that much of as would be American children singing a hymn. He is a living the advance has been a direct on such a day in spotlessly clean testimony that none can fail to result of the new spiritual life clothing, and showing evidence see, and because of him others received from these times of of careful attention to ears and are being brought to the Lord." study and fellowship. Two of necks, I couldn't help contrast- the girls who attended from ing this with conditions in these -Pyengyang News. Ronna returned with the mes- islands just one hundred years sage, "Today is the day of sal- ago." -Presbyterian Tribune. Secret of Growth vation." They went from house to house and from relative to School for Javanese Teachers .It is not easy to become, or re- relative, insisting upon the main, a church member in good claims of the Gospel message. Plans have taken shape to standing in Korea. Personal be- As a result of their efforts seven open a new training school in havior is carefully supervised by new members have been won Solo for teachers in Middle Java. church authorities. Discipline during the past few months. It The Government grants this is strict. Financial responsibili- is planned to follow up with school no subsidy at present. It ties are definite. Yet with all similar institutes in ea.:!h dis- is therefore quite free and may this, the growth is remarkable. trict. be set up where it is thought to The Mission and the Korean be most wanted. The idea is to Christians credit this to two -Philippine Presbyterian. establish it so that the training things: constant and systematic given there is entirely suited to Bible study, in classes, insti- Samoan Sunday the needs of the native populatutes, church services l>.nd pri- tion, and not after a Western vate reading; and, secondly, to Thomas L. Kirkpatrick, chap- model. Thirty-five applicants definite evangelistic effort on the lain of the U. S. naval base at are being sent from various dispart of individual Christians. Tutuila, Samoa, furnishes an tricts to the school, so that antidote to the usual type of proper classes can be formed. ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC South Sea stories. It is an ac- The school will also train pupils count of a morning service in a from other missions. The open- New Life in Formosa village church. ing of this work is considered one of the most important proj- Dr. John Sung, who left a "There was a short 'sermon' ects of the Reformed Church for career in pure science to take up by one of the older boys, who 1937.-Holland News Bureau. evangelism in China, has been stepped into the railed enclosur~ preaching in the island of For- where the faifeau stands when

NORTH AMERICA It is hoped that in each city quite 200,000. New York's an- where a preaching mission has nual crime bill is $605,000,000 Seeking Church Federation been held, or will be held during while the total city budget is this year it will be followed by a $539,000,000. Unemployment re- At an interdenominational "School in Christian Living"; lief absorbs $25,687,776 per anconference, held at Salt Lake num. There are seventeen City in February, it was agreed and that this will be followed by square miles of slums, 245 miles to consult with the Home Mis- projects for building together of tenements fronting streets, sions Council and Federal Coun- the Christian community, local 250,000 windowless rooms, and cil of Churches on federating all and world-wide. The three em- 309,157 apartments wit ho u t denominations at work in the phases – on evangelism, on bath facilities. Other facts are intermountain area; and to equally distressing. create a permanent, interdenom- teaching and on action-are thus inational conference for this woven into a single pattern. American Buddhists area. This move grew out of conviction that the evangelical -Federal Council Bulletin. There are today 100 Buddhist enterprise requires extension temples in the United States. and strengthening; that no room Department Store Gives The largest, in San Francisco, exists for interfaith controversy, Bible Lectures was recently the scene of the but that there is every opportu- 40th annual Buddhist convention nity for positive, love-character- Lectures on the Bible offered in the United States. ized gospel proclamation. by a department store turned out The Japanese Buddhists claim There was full discussion of 50,000 Japanese and 2,000 white four main themes: (1) the na- to be its most popular feature. American members, of whom 50 ture of the area, status of the are priests. Plans are afoot for evangelical enterprise; (2) min- The Higbee Co., of Cleveland, the erection of the first Budistry to yuuth; (3) missionary dhist temple in New York and extension; ministry to scattered which has for years maintained another in Philadelphia. groups; (4) interdenominational cooperation and the future. a series of lectures in connection An Oriental's Memorial Participants included Board representatives of several denom- with its book store, four years The Japanese Church of Corinations, pastors, teachers, mis- tez, California, gave $55 per sionaries, community workers ago started lectures on the Bible capita last year as compared from Arizona, Idaho, Montana, with about a $16 per capita Utah and Wyoming. and related subjects given by average of Presbyterian church members as a whole. -Monday Morning. Miss Harriet Louise H. Patter- Dr. Philip Payne, Presby- Conserving the Preaching son. So popular did they become terian Executive Secretary of Mission Oriental Missions in San Fran- that they have been continued cisco, tells a story of the sacri- As a means of relating the Na- fice made by one Chinese pastor tional Preaching Mission to sub- ever since. -Advance. in California. Last fall the wife sequent work, a movement com- of the Rev. Yick Soo Lee was bining their several approaches The City's Ohallenge killed by a drunken automoqilist. to the local community has been The insurance company settled I a u n c h e d under the name, The Greater New York Fed- for cash without going to court. "United Christian Advance." eration of Churches, in prepara- When some one suggested to Mr. Building upon the new spiritual tion for "Community Sunday" Lee, who receives no pastor's interest stirred by the Preach- on January 31, assembled a stag- salary, that that money would ing Mission, the United Chris- gering array of facts and figures ease his financial stress, he antian Advance undertakes to relative to conditions of popula- swered, "But we shall not use carry forward an educational tion, housing, race relations, de- the money for ourselves. Mrs. program which will conserve the linquency and crime, public Lee would want the work of tellvalues of the Preaching Mission. health and the like. ing the story of Jesus to go on Cooperating in the movement just the same as if she were are the Federal Council of The area included in the sur- here. We will build a church Churches, the International vey is 299 square miles. On that with the money in the little vil- Council of Religious Education, ground there are living almost lage back in China where' she the Home Missions Council, the 7,000,000 people. Religiously was born, and all the people Council of Women for Home there are 2,556,595 Protestants, there will love her for telling Missions, the National Council 2,365,247 Rom a n Catholics, them of the Saviour." of Federated Church Women, 1,875,545 Jews, 115,544 Eastern the Missionary Education Move- Orthodox adherents. There are Mr. Lee sailed for China last ment and the Foreign Missions 2,387,868 persons under twenty fall to build the memorial Conference of North America. years of age. In thirty years church. the Negro population has in- creased from 67,304 to 343,221; New York is the greatest Jewish center in the world; fully 70 % of the popUlation are entirely out of touch with any church _and about the same proportion of children is unreached by any definite reI i g i 0 u s education. There are 1,074 churches of fif- teen denominations that report a membership of 454,045 and a Sunday school enrolment of not

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

New Frontier in Canada cautiously because of political tional leadership as well as illit- opposition in many Mexican eracy. There are venerable For over five years Saskatche- states. "Mammies" who r e c e i v e a wan has witnessed a shifting of monthly dole, and prominent population that has been of deep Mexico Fights Alcohol business men, teachers, lawyers, significance to the churches. doctors. There are English, Due to drought conditions in the The Mexican Government is Scotch, Canadian, Portuguese, south a steady northward trek interested in questions involved Chinese, East Indian (100,000 of settlers has taken place. in the strong drink traffic. Pub- in Port of Spain), Spanish, and These farmers have taken up lic meetings are being held to every shade of Negro. From the homesteads in the bushlands of find out the attitude of the gen- first, this church has expressed the north. More than 40,000 eml public. At one meeting re- itself in m iss ion a r y work people have moved into this cently a member of the Cabinet throughout the Island. "Land of Beginning Again." presided and every branch of the federal government was rep- -Watchman-Examner. The trek has f ace d the resented. There were present churches with the problem of sixty~three chairmen of state Progress in Venezuela extension in a new frontier area and district antialcohol commitat a time when funds for exten- tees who came from every part The annals of missions in sion work are seriously cur- of the Republic. Another anti- . Venezuela are "short and simtailed. For a while it seemed as alcohol convention will be held ple," yet they record a great if they could not cope with it. a year from now in Mexico City deal of consecrated activity in "God hasn't crossed the Beaver and representatives of all the behalf of this needy land. In- River yet" became a current say- powerful labor organizations of tensive evangelistic work has ing in the north. the country are expected to be been carried on in the city of present to state their point of Caracas and its environs, and The United Church of Canada view. -Watchman-Examiner. evangelists, traveling by mulehas met the challenge by send- train, have taken the Gospel ing a newly-ordained missionary Centenary at Sa~na message into the far interior of who has changed the saying to the Republic. Under the present "God has crossed the Beaver The story of the Samana government there is complete re- River." Working in coopera- Church in the Dominican Re- ligious liberty in Venezuela; tion with the Church of Eng- public is interesting. In 1835 a missionaries are making the land, he is claiming Saskatche- group of Pennsylvania Chris- most of this. The Presbyterian wan's newest frontier. '. tians bought the freedom of Girls' School in Caracas has en- some slaves and helped them to rolled daughters of the most in- -Christian Century. embark to a peninsula on the fluential families of the country, northeastern coast of the Domin- all of whom are thus brought LATIN AMERICA ican Republic. The place where under Christian instruction and they landed came to be known the influence of Christian teach- Cardenas Denies Hostility as Samana. A missionary of the ers in the building of character. Wesleyan Methodist Church to In his first pronouncement on the British West Indies learned Renewed effort is being made the Church-State question in of this English-speaking Negro to circulate Christian literature more than a year, President colony, visited it, and finally lo- throughout the country; and a Cardenas declared in March cated in the peninsula. During spirit of comity marks the relathat "Mexican Catholics have the century 11 churches have tions of workers of all groups. complete lib e r t y to go to been established, for the most church." Asserting that "the part supported by descendants EUROPE government was not hostile to of the original colony., Within the Church," he added that the past year the Wesleyan The Religious Issue Church and State relations were Board has transferred this work better than for a long time be- to the Board for Christian Work Throughout central Europe a cause the "priests have recog- in Santo Domingo. bitter struggle is raging between nized the uselessness of mixing Cat hoI i c and anti – Catholic in politics." Baptists in Trinidad forces. It has reached its peak in Germany, is the chief issue in President Cardenas has said Baptist activities were estab- Austria, and is one of the most that the Mexican Church prob- lished on the Island of Trinidad vital questions in Hungary. It lem must be relegated to the by the Missionary Society of is an element of the war in background, and that the only London nearly one hundred Spain. In some places the Cathsure method of doing this is to years ago.. This is the only Bap- olic Church is on the defensive; permit the opening of churches. tist church in the world receiv- in others it is attacking. In Ger- At the same time the President ing state support. The audiences many, for example, it is being is reported as opposed to relax- are largely colored, but contain pushed to the waIl. In Austria, ing any of the restrictions taken wealth as well as need, educa- it is on the offen~ive. In Hunto prevent the Church from exer- gary the fight is different, for it cising influence in Mexican polit- is between two churches, the ical life. He has had to move

Catholic and Protestant. In cording to the report, the income sou r c e s: In 1935, 14,000 Yugoslavia it is between two is actually smaller than it ap- churches were closed. Between churches: the Catholic on one pears, because as a result of the 1917 and 1935, 42,800 clergyside, Eastern Orthodox on the economic conditions, the income men die d in concentration other. of 1935 did not reach as far as camps. Of the 35,000 priests the same income did in 1930. before the revolution only one- The geographical line divid- The figures indicate the faithful- fifth remain. On February 9, ing the two churches runs across ness of the missionaries and na- 1936, the tenth anniversary of Europe from south to north, and tive workers who have carried the League of Militant Godless passes through Yugoslavia, di- on faithfully in spite of great was celebrated. The president viding the land into two almost personal sacrifices. reported that half of the populaequal parts. Religiously, half of tion of Russia is now atheist, but the country looks west and be- "In the Faith of Hitler" bemoaned the fact that 50 per longs to Europe; the other half cent of the Russian youth still looks east, and belongs to the Last March it became a cus- clung to the Christian faith, and Orient. This line corresponds tom in Germany in newspaper most of them persist in religious very nearly to a racial and death notices to say that the de- practices. The draft of the new political division, making the ceased "died in the faith of Constitution gives freedom both struggle a three-sided one. Adolph Hitler." Dr. Alfred to religious and antireligious Rosenberg, editor of Volkischer propaganda. In 1925, 42 Roman -The Christian Century. Beobachter, personal news or- Catholic churches were open and gan of Adolf Hitler, is also 40 priests were at liberty. To- German Missions quoted as having addressed him- day there are none. In the whole self to Germans who believe that vast territory of Russia there The Yearbook of the United Adolf Hitler is the Son of God, were then 300 priests; today German Mission Conference for but are scoffed at by some of there are 15. Under the system 1937 releases the latest figures their friends, in these words: of collectivization 90 per cent of concerning the German Evan- "We need a Son of God. . . . To- the farms have been taken from gelical Mission work as of the day there stands among us one the owners. In 1914 the Luend of 1935. The total number who has been specially blessed theran Church had 230 pastors, of European missionaries of the by the Creator. No one has the 200 congregations and 800 societies represented in the right to find fault with those of churches. They have now been United Conference is 1,561, with our people who have found their reduced to three churches. 12,093 native workers. There Son of God and have thus reare 1,307,788 native Christians gained their Eternal Father." AFRICA and 67,000 candidates for baptism in the care of all these so- -Alliance Weekly. Evangelists for Egypt cieties. They conduct 4,424 elementary schools and 138 high crews Seek to Conform Twenty young men, of whom schools in which there is a total 15 were Copts, have been attendof 255,819 pupils. These so- It is reported that two hun- ing fortnightly classes in Cairo cieties operate thirty-five hospi- dred prominent Rumanian Jews for voluntary evangelists. Sevtals in which thirty-six Euro- have offered to become converted eral of these young men assist pean and six native doctors are to the Greek Orthodox faith to in conducting the evangelistic employed. The combined re- "identify themselves completely meetings which are held each ceipts from Germany in the year with the Rumanian nation." week either in private houses or 1935 amounted to 5,260,707 Rumanian church officials intend in small mission rooms in some marks. If these figures are com- to start an intensive campaign twenty centers in the suburbs of pared with the figures of 1930, for mass conversion of Jews, and Cairo or near-by villages. it is shown that there has been are ready to appoint special misan increase in the number of sionaries for this purpose. They These training classes aim were also quoted as having of- especially at preparation for missionaries of 14 %; in the fered to build an imposing Greek winning Moslems. It is pointed Orthodox church for converted out that a successful evangelist, number of native-born workers, Jews, and as having asked that whether foreign or Egyptian, of 26.30/0; and in the number of the Patriarch appoint a baptized requires to have an intimate Jew as priest. knowledge of the Christian and native Christians, 26 %. Over Moslem Arabic religious vocabu- It is a question whether these lary, a sympathetic understandagainst this increase there is a Jews are converted, or merely ing of the mental and spiritual finding it expedient to conform. outlook of the special group decrease of 29 % in the income which he is seeking to reach, a Situation in Russia close acquaintance with the from Germany. These compara- movements of thought and cultive figures speak an earnest The United Presbyterian gives ture which are gradually changlanguage; for the actual situa- the following summary of the ing the viewpoint and social tion is still more unfavorable religious situation in Russia, than the figures ·reveal. The which is based on authentic growth could have been even greater; for it was not possible to make the fullest use of all the possibilities because man-power and means were lacking. Ac-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

values of the Egyptian people, month they meet the medical as- many women around? Accurate and skill and wisdom in present- sistants to report these visits and statistics are not available, but ing those central truths of the to ask God's blessing on those it is certain that the increased use of the plow and the decrease Christian faith which are a per- who have accepted Christ. -Presbyterian Banner. of polygamy have proceeded petual stumbling block to the Moslem-the Trinity, the Incar- simultaneously.

nation, the Atonement, the suf- The Luba-Lulua Bible Christians in Kavirondo fering of God and the method of Dr. George T. McKee, mis- The work of evangelization divine revelation. sionary of the Southern Presby- only began in Kavirondo at the terian Church in the Congo -C. M. S. Outlook.

Colonization Scheme BeIge, writes that in all the opening of this century. These large centers it is now extraor- people are a likeable race of East Portugal has undertaken a dinary to find a young man Africa. They are great travelconstructive piece of work in es- unable to read. It is also en- ers, and go all over Kenya as tablishing a great number of couraging to find that those house boys, or other laborers; Portuguese families – mostly best informed are eager to be ac- and so enthusiastically did the peasants – along the railroad curate about Biblical facts. The first converts spread their faith that runs across Angola from missionary has to be extremely that the Church soon gained a Lobito to the Belgian Congo. careful now in his preaching stronghold. Their spiritual life The newcomers will find their and teaching lest some native is marked, evidenced by prayer farms with a ready crop of catch him in a mistake. Most meetings held on their own maize, wheat, fruit, vegetables, of the younger Christians can initiative, and their firm stand etc., all ready for harvesting, a recite long portions of Scripture. against old heathen customs. comfortable little house, well Not only has the Bible been But there is another side. As furnished and very hygienic, and the source of inspiration for the Rev. G. F. Kidd, of Maseno, exa number of natives under con- natives; the Luba-Lulua trans- presses· it: tract to help the new colonies in lation, since its appearance ten We have most of the outward paratheir work. The first group of years ago, has had an unex- phernalia of success. We hav~ s~v­ families has already reached pected influence on European eral African clergy, many ChrIstIan gathering places throughout the coun- Angola. traders, not versed in French or try and the Christian out-school is a -London Missionary Herald. English, but with a knowledge quite normal feature of the country- of the native language, who have side. But we have now also come to the second generation of Christians. Busy Nurses at Elat found their first real introduc- Christianity has become more conven- tion to the way of life in the tional; it is the "accepted thing," At Central Hospital in Elat pages of the Luba-Lulua Bible, and in the main I am sure it is true are sixteen women nurses. Some to say that there is not now the same are young graduates of mission the first complete Bible in any keenness amonl!' the individuals of schools and some are widows native language in central Bel- this African Church that there was who have bought their freedom gian Congo. It has a circulation fifteen years ago. from their husband's family. from Leopoldville to Elisabeth- ville. Young men often sit on -Church Missionary Outlook. These women work from morning to night, and often far their doorsteps and read with- WESTERN ASIA into the night, caring for the out danger of ridicule. from passick, making up supplies, steri- sers-by; some may read, as they Modern Turkey Makes Plans lizing instruments, getting the operating room ready, dressing so like to do, with a loud voice, The present regime in Turkey the wounds, bathing new-born heard by many in the village seems' determined, by an enbabies, caring for the orphans, lightened policy, to win for that who are at work. country a prestige surpassing -Bible Society Record.

scrubbing and cleaning. After Plows vs. Polygamy that of the former Ottoman Emwork hours they go to their pire. A vast scheme is on foot kitchens and cook their food. A writer in Woman's Mission- to give about 2,500,000 peasants Early in the morning and on ary Friend proves that plows a proprietary interest in the their half days off they work in have dealt a blow to the practice land. While preserving intact their gardens or gather food and of polygamy. It has been said the principles of private owner- firewood. Besides being nurses that the short-handled hoe is the ship, agricultural units, each most of them are Sunday school badge of African womanhood, comprising several villages; will teachers, and all of them belong and when all. cultivation of be formed into a "Kombine."

to one of two groups of personal crops was done by the hoe- One thousand of these are pro- workers. Two afternoons a woman's work-it naturally fol- jected. Seventy-eight per cent week they take their Bibles, lowed that the more wives a man of the population will benefit in gat1:Ier together for prayer, and had, the more land he was able one way or another by the pro- then go to the wards and neigh- to cultivate. But a plow can do ductivity which it is designed to boring villages to a c qua i n t more work in less time than secure.. Jumhuriyet, in its issue others with their Saviour. Each many wives, so why have so of February 4, discussing this

national program; says that the such a pretext as ill-health. I try to help him. The lad came; forests which cover only twelve heard your message first in the a cure was effected, and when he per cent of the land area will be wards, and I come to the dispen- had been there four years he doubled, and works for the con- sary to hear more." said one day, "I want to be a folservation of water will be under- lower of Jesus Christ." The taken. A young man was treated free doctor asked him how he had of charge in the hospital as he reached this decision, and he re- -World Dominion Press. was poor and without work. plied that Mahomet had never While in the wards he was im- done anything for him, neither Syria's Spiritual Hunger pressed by the spirit of service had the Mohammedans. But, he which he saw in the workers said, it was the life which he had Medical work is of special and was influenced by what he seen lived in that mission comvalue in Moslem lands because heard. After leaving he ob- pound that had led him to wish it shows Christianity in action. tained work, and from time to to be a Christian. Missionaries in Syria living in time since then he has given Moslem neighborhoods are now small donations to the hospital -The Christian. reporting a real desire to under- out of his earnings, declaring stand Christianity for its own each time he does so that it is a INDIA-SIAM sake. Sometimes this is due way of repaying the debt he merely to an awakening interest owes to the hospital. Changes in Twenty Years in the world at large; but the missionary in one strongly Mos- -E. M. M. S. Quarterly. A contributor to Agricultural lem city reports that he always Mission Notes asked 35 students finds it easy to lead from this A Pioneer in Iran in Pasumalai Normal School purely intellectual interest to the what noteworthy changes have spiritual. A religion free of the Dr. P. A. Satralker is a young taken place in South India in the detailed, rigid .observances of Indian medical man who is past twenty years. These stu- Islam; a religion simple enough working as a missionary in Iran dents are thoughtful men of colthat a simple man can under- under the Bible Churchman's lege age. The first eight changes stand its meaning, yet profound Missionary Society, stationed at listed are given in the order of enough that the greatest scholars Zahidan, South East Iran. Be- the strength of the vote. cannot find its ultimate reach; tween there and Quetta, 500 one based on a few great prin- miles eastward, there is no Caste distinctions are disappearing. ciples and not depending on a Christian witness. The nearest Untouchability is being rapidly disthousand petty observances-all mission to the north is Meshed, this appeals to the young Mos- 615 miles distant. The hospital carded. lem of today. Most of all, he is at Zahidan represents the only Child marriages are decreasing. beginning to ask about a religion organized Christian effort in this Education for women is increasing. that is worked out in actual life wide area. Coeducation is becoming more comand not in formalities. Dr. Satralker's father was a mon. Damascus Hospital minister of the Indian Presby- There is wider public interest in edu- terian Church, and believed that In Damascus, a Mohammedan the same Holy Spirit who had cation. stronghold, it is very difficult for led the Churches of the West to The demand for Home Rule is more a non-Christian to make public send the Gospel to India would confession of Christ as Saviour empower Indians to pass it on widespread and insistent. without great danger to life and to other lands. Of his four sons Rural reconstruction is multiplying. property. But many incidents the eldest is now in charge of an Epidemics are being mastered. encourage the staff at the Edin- American Presbyterian station; Women are entering public life. burgh Medical Mission Hospital. the second is now serving at Miraj, in Sir William Wanless' Interreligious Student A woman, who had been an Sanatorium; the third is the Conference in-patient, but had been dis- subject of this sketch, and the charged, continued to attend the fourth, also medical, is a mis- A Y. M. C. A. worker reports out-patient department Ion g sionary to Arabia. a student conference at Varkala, after she had left the hospital. Travancore, at which Christian, It was puzzling to know why she At Zahidan, aggressive evan- Moslem and Hindu students met should persist in coming, but gelism is impossible, as preach- on a purely religious basis. she finally made a confession to ing is forbidden except on There was honest skepticism on the hospital evangelist, Mr. mission premises, and lantern all sides. Questions arose out of Saliba, "I do not come here for lectures are included in the ban. real desire to know the truthmedical treatment. I come to questions that tested the best rehear the Gospel message. In my Dr. Satralker, when on a jour- ligious experience represented own house I am almost a pris- ney, halted at a coffee-shop be- there. For example: "How can oner and could never come out side the road. Sitting outside one know the will of God?" here to the hospital except on was a beggar boy with a terrible "What special value do the foot. The doctor told him that Scriptures have over the sciim- if he would come a little later to tific research of today?" "Why the Zahidan hospital he would need we go back to the experi- ences of those of the past when we of this age know more than they did?" Or, "I had lost my confidence in Hinduism, and

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

thought that Christianity was was stopped, and filth and smell Siam has religious freedom. The restrictions on Christian activities are ideal. Then I learned of their became unbearable. Dr. Clifford divisions, their failings, and I G. Manshardt, head of Nagpada very few. How long will this last? Siam is growing in geographical began to see all religions as Neighborhood House, gathered and political unity. There are no struggling after the ideal." It young Jews, Hindus, Moslems longer isolated fields in Siam itself. Older missionaries soon to retire was interesting to hear a Hindu and Christians in his School for have prestige and influence that leader help a Christian leader Social Work, and went into the should be used strategically and make his point clear. streets with brooms and dump urgently.

carts to clean up the place. It New leadership is arising in the personalities of younger missionaries, On the Depressed Class was a dramatic lesson in com- eager to unite on forward-looking munity spirit as menial work projects. Movement done by young men of all castes Equipment at certain places must Dr. P. B. Hivale, of Bombay, and creeds was an astounding either build up or close up. in an address before the All- thing. The next day the mu- India Conference of I n d ian MISCELLANEOUS Christians, told what he thought nicipality began work again with the Christian attitude should be Gifts and Giving toward the problem of the de- street cleaners in that section; pressed classes. and next day the press of India The Un i ted Stewardship made front-page news of the Council has recently issued its "I cannot but believe," he event.

said, "that in the principles Forman Christian College compilation of data in regard to which were given to us by Jesus gifts to 24 leading Protestant de- Christ you find the motive power Forman Christian College, nominations in the United States which makes human freedom Lahore, has been a pioneer in and Canada. possible. Therefore, Christians many lines. It was the first to Total gifts to the 24 commumust place before the depressed form a Graduates' Association nions were $315,438,747 in 1936 classes what they have, not in a in 1896, the first to open a Bi- as compared with $304,692,499 spirit of competition, but merely ology Department in 1898, the for 1935. This means a per as a witness to the liberating first to adopt coeducation in capita increase from $12.10 to power of Jesus Christ. Such a 1902, first to conduct medical ex- $12.46. Gifts for congregawitness must not be, however, amination of students admitted tional expenses increased from accompanied by any promise of to the College (1914). Her stu- $251,347,435 to $258,167,763, a economic help or political status. dents were the first to receive per capita increase from $9.98 Any attempts to enter into a the degree of B.Sc. from the to $10.20. The per capita inbargain with the depressed University of the Panjab. Dur- crease in gifts for denominaclasses for political purposes, or ing the past four years the Col- tional benevolences is a little less with the hope of increasing num- lege, now under the principal- proportionately than in those for bers is against the very spirit of ship of Dr. S. K. Datta, has congregational expenses – from our religion and we must set our made some vital changes; a new $2.02 in 1935 to $2.12 in 1936. face against it. At the same office was created in 1934 to fol- In 1936, as in 1935, the Church time we cannot but hope that the low up the progress in his of the Nazarene gave the largest depressed classes may find in the studies which each intermediate total amount per capita, $25.55. principles of Christ the abun- student makes. An annual camp In 1936, as in 1935, the United dant life for which they are is held for first-year students Presbyterian Church gave the searching. The decision must be where for two weeks they work largest amount per capita for their own. Whatever the deci- and play together. The effect of denominational benevolences, but sion, it should be our duty to help this novel experiment appears have decreased their gifts from remarkable, especially when one $7.18 per capita to $6.53. them. in their struggle. "However, we must confess looks at it in the light of the Three denominations in the that even in Christian churches communal shackles that fetter United States gave less per capthere has been class discrimina- India in general and the Panjab ita than in 1935; all the others increased their gifts at least a tion.· A challenge comes to the in particular. -Indian Witness. little. Christian Church to reexamine Of the three Canadian com- itself and to purge itself of all munions the gifts of the Cana- dian Baptists and the Presbysuch distinctions and all such New Life for Siam evils that come from our human failure to live up to the ideals Dr. Charles T. Leber, the new terians decreased both for dewhich we hold and which are a secretary of the Presbyterian nominational benevolences and sacred trust from our Master." Board and now on a tour of mis- for congregational expenses; sion fields in Asia, urges a new while the United Church in- united program for Siam. Here creased its per capita gifts Headliner are some of his observations: for denominational benevolences During a three days' com- The National Church is still young slightly, but decreased its gifts munal riot in Bombay the reg- enough to be enthusiastic, willing and for congregational expenses. ular city street cleaning service pliable. -Federal Council Bulletin.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,,============================== Rats, Plague and Religion. John most the number of the popula- Ambedkar movement as an in- Spencer Carman. 250 pp. $1.25. tion of the whole of the United troduction to the whole question Judson Press. Philadelphia. 1936. States are without any skilled medical help in India? Those of our Western churches' contri- This is as interesting a book who have in hand the prepara- bution in the past and our re- tion of textbooks for the study as its title would lead readers to of India in 1938-39 should have sponsibilities for the future. this book in mind, and some pub- Thus while bringing out Dr. expect, and is the best collection lisher would do well to issue a Pickett's survey conclusions in cheap edition to ensure its win- simple fact and figure, he has we know of stories concerning ning its way into the homes and led us to the brink of the future, hearts of the American people. medical mission work in India. with the vast need of India's J. F. EDWARDS. teeming Untouchables upper- Dr. John Spencer Carman of the Missionary Stories to Tell. Compiled most in our sympathies. Victoria Memorial Mission Hos- by the Children's Committee of the The author not only interprets Missionary Education Movement. pital at Hanumakonda in the 178 pp. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 the nature of the so-called "mass Hyderabad State (Nizam'& Do- cents. 1936. movement," but describes the minions) has had the help of his actual process of Christianizing capable wife who contributed Every teacher knows the edu- these depressed classes. Vivid several of the stories. They il- cational value of a well-told glimpses from current reports, lustrate how much can be done story. Through this collection latest figures of numerical progby a faithful missionary couple of 38 stories, boys and girls will in their first six years on the not only learn the facts about ress, eye-witness descriptions of field. Would any ordinary busi- modern missions, but will gain village life, all bring to the ness concern, in any part of the an understanding of world fel- reader a sense of the vital world, show equal results in so lowship and racial brotherhood. drama-spiritual, social and ecobrief a period? The stories are The stories are especially adapt- nomic-now proceeding in Innot only fascinatingly told but ed for telling, and are of tested they reproduce the Indian at- value to leaders of children in dia. mosphere with surprising cor- introducing boys and girls of the The author's review of the inrectness. Happy must have been Americas, China, Japan, Korea, the American audiences that India and Africa. creasing contributions of govheard them. No wonder the ernmental and non-Christian doctor and his wife have been The Untouchables' Quest. Godfrey agencies is appreciative; he urged to give their addresses Phillips. 96 pp. 40 cents. Edinthis permanent form which de- burgh House Press. London. 1936. commends them to Christian apserves wide circulation. Books proval and assistance, though he by India's medical missionaries This unpretentious book, tak- shows how justified is the Chrisare too rare, a simple and suffi- ing less time to read than the tian conviction that the changed cient explanation being that Book of the Acts, is a chronicle every medical missionary in' In- of modern "Acts" of the Holy inner life based on vital relation dia is already greatly over- Spirit. Inspiration and chal- to Christ is fundamental to any burdened with work on the field lenge are presented by facts lasting improvement in individand their furloughs are taken clearly expressed and forcefully ual and corporate life of the Unup by home churches that wish emphasized. Mr. Phillips, an to hear their moving stories. If English exmissionary (now a touchables. every missionary on furlough Board Secretary), has sought to could have as useful a "father- bring forth into the common Among portions most useful to the in-law" to help prepare his man- knowledge of the British and reader, and to one who desires to use uscript for the printer then American churches the great the book for preparing addresses or many more entrancing mission- study by Dr. (now Bishop) J. for classes are those dealing with ary books might be published. Waskom Pic k e t ,t, "Christian (a) the three years of experience The ignorance of home churches Mass Movements in India." Mr. since Mr. Gandhi's dramatic fast for about mission lands must be dis- Phillips has used the important the untouchables; (b) the startling pelled by some method or other. superiority in literacy of the Chris- How many people in the Amer- tians over Hindus and Moslems; ican churches realize that al- (c) difficulties and achievements in self-support, and (d) multiplying evi- dence that from the witnessing lives of transformed outcastes higher castes are being won to Christ in large numJers, and the emphatic chapter entitled "Everything Depends on Teaching."

Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[ 268] The author closes with the ners-one as an American Con- Almost nothing is said about the note of urgency and warning, gregationalist and an interna- many people of wide usefulness recognizing the long road ahead tional evangelist who went whom Mr. M90dy led to Christ. for Christian forces. In blunt everywhere preaching; and the There is no index. language he says "this thing other as a metropolitan Baptist The fact that Mr. Day never which is too big for us already preacher who drew people trom saw D. L. Moody and was not is going to become far bigger." everywhere to hear him in his intimately acquainted with his B. C. HARRINGTON. London tabernacle. Both estab- work explains many of the lished educational institutions- omissions and inadequate lights Missionary Romance in Morocco. Spurgeon a Pastors' College and and sidelights on the great evan- By James Haldane. Illus. 8vo. 189 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. orphanage, and Moody a Bible gelist. As a balanced biography London. ·1937. Institute and two schools for it is lacking but as Mr. Day's struggling young men and young estimate of the man and his Morocco is one of the less message it is interesting and familiar countries of the world. women. Both were Bible stu- shows a man whom God used. It is out of the line of tourist travel and is inhabited by Moors dents and published books and A History of Jewish Christianity. and Berbers who are not over- tracts which have sent the Gos- From the First to the Twentieth friendly to Europeans. While pel in print all over the world. Century. By Hugh T. Schonfield. there are representatives of sev- Both were men of prayer and London. Duckworth, 1936. eral Protestant missionary so- depended on the Holy Spirit for cieties in Morocco, the field is power. Both were endowed with This important book has asnot an encouraging one because sembled valuable facts related to of the fanatical character of the a sense of humor and "common a phase of ecclesiastical history Moslems. Mr. Haldane intro- sense." Both died in their prime that has been almost entirely duces us to the people and prob- -Spurgeon at fifty-six, and overlooked, for church historians lems in a very entertaining and Moody at sixty-two, and both have attached little importance illuminating series of chapters left an enduring work behind to the place of Jewish Christhat relate his observations and them and children to carryon. tianity in the course of the experiences during the past 25 Christian centuries. This book years. He is a missionary and The material for Mr. Day's seeks to furnish a continuous ac- Field Superintendent of the story of "The Great American count ·of Jewish Christianity and Southern Morocco Mission, with Commoner" are largely gathered its influence from Apostolic headquarters in Mazagan. There from Mr. Moody's youngest times to our own. In spite of are few, if any, recent books that sister, Mrs. Elizabeth Moody many a hiatus in the records we give as vivid a picture of the have the results of extended products of Islam in North Washburne of Racine, Wiscon- research and a valuable contri- Africa. sin. For the most part it is not bution to the study of the sub- new but gives some fresh and ject. interesting glimpses of D. L.

Moody, his family and asso- ciates. The author's philosophy and personality are even more prominent here than those of his The aim of this history is ex- Bush Aglow. Life Story of D. L. subject but the book pictures a . pressed in a quotation taken Moody. By Richard E. Day. Illus. great soul, a love – motivated from Basil Mathews' "The Jew 331 pp. $2.00 net. Judson Press. soul-winner, and one filled with and the World Ferment." He Philadelphia. 1936.

D. L. Moody, who was born in the Holy Spirit and who built says: "We do not believe it to poverty just one hundred years both for time and eternity. be in the purpose of God that the ago, was a remarkable man. His One peculiarity of this biog- Jewish Christian should be delife seems to offer almost inex- raphy is its omissions. Little is prived of the opportunity of haustible material for biogra- said about the institutions that making his own distinctive phers. Three new volumes have D. L. Moody founded and that racial and cultural contribution recently come from the press he sometimes said represented within the Christian Church." thirty-seven years after his his most abiding work. The The principle, as thus stated, is Moody Bible Institute is given in full accord with the science of death. The new biography is by the six pages out of 333, Northfield modern missions. It is when we author of "The Shadow of the one page and Mount Hermon come to consider, however, what Brood Brim," a life of George two pages; almost nothing is was the "distinctive racial and H. Spurgeon, the great English said about the Northfield Con- cultural contribution," w h i c h preacher, who was born just a ferences and little about the Col- Mr. Schonfield thinks Jewish year before D. L. Moody. The portage Library; the names of Christians should make within two men had many points in many of those most vitally asso- the Church, that we find ourcommon – both were born of ciated with Mr. Moody are selves in disagreement. poor and obscure parents, had omitted; while others of little The author claims the right comparatively few educational importance are included; noth- for Jews who accept the Mesadvantages, were soundly con- ing is said of the work of his siahship of Jesus to remain withverted in youth and became sons and son-in-law in carrying in the Jewish community, to confamous preachers and soul-win- on the institutions he founded. tinue the observance of the

peculiar customs of their people, ment of Jewish Christians from women and children of wealth, and to cherish the heritage of their own people and the loss of holding them for ransom, bru- Israel. He believes that the their testimony within the House tally executing them when ran- Jews would thus "banish forever of Israel. We have here a fresh som was not forthcoming or the pain of the broken family study of the relationship of when captives failed to keep up circle," and be able effectively to Jewish Christians to the Chris- with the rapid marches. The "open the eyes of their brethren tian Church and suggestions as hope of a large ransom led the to the saving truth that Jesus is to how their testimony for Communists to save the lives of the Messiah." He also seems to Chdst can be made more effec- the two missionaries. Mr. Hayapprove of a return by Jewish tive in reaching their unrecon- man alone was released on the Christians to the view of Jesus ciled brethren. J. S. CONNING. payment of ten thousand Chi- held by certain followers of nese dollars by a Chinese friend, Christ in the first Christian cen- The Restraining Hand. By R. A. though the release of both had turies, known as Ebionites. Mr. Bosshardt. 288 pp. Price, $1.50. been promised for that sum. Schonfield says, "Their Chris- Hodder & Stoughton, London. 1936. Five months later, Mr. Boss- tology was a simple one. They This record of the "Captivity hardt was released without ranbelieved that Jesus was the nat- for Christ in China" of two som when it occurred to his capural son of Joseph and Mary, members of the China Inland tors that, as a Swiss, he did not elected to the high office of Mes- Mission, Messrs. Hayman and belong to an imperialist nation! siah by virtue of His Holy life Bosshardt, for periods of 413 For a picture of Chinese Comand Davidic descent; that He and 560 days respectively, is a munism in its horrible reality, had been so designated at His fit companion for the narratives baptism by the entering in of the of "Boxer Days," of fiery trials not as the theorists portray it, Holy Spirit and by the Voice that in the Church's various persecu- one should read this book. It is proclaimed, 'Thou art My Son, tions, and of the experiences of this day have I begotten Thee.' the Apostle Paul so briefly yet so a modern parallel to parts of the They also believed that after graphically recorded in the Acts eleventh chapter of The He- brews. COURTENAY H. FENN.

proclaiming the Kingdom of and the Epistles. The book Indians of Today. Edited by Marion God, He laid down His life for might have a wider reading and E. Gridley. 128 pp. $2.50. Pri- the salvation of Israel, was produce a deeper impression if vately published by the Indian buried, rose again from the it had been cut to half its length, Council Fire, 108 North Dearborn dead, ascended into Heaven, and yet the interest of the reviewer St., Chicago. 1936.

would shortly return again to set was maintained through a com- When it is no longer thought up His Kingdom and reign over plete reading of the simple story, necessary to introduce American despite the natural sameness of citizens of aboriginal descent the House of Jacob forever." Students of history will recog- its detail of daily hardship and with the sound of tomtoms and nize at once views over which peril. The heart-sickness of a display of war-bonnets when many a battle royal has been "hope deferred," the dreary they are accepted without fanfought in other generations. loneliness of separation from fare as our equals and contem- Yet Mr. Schonfield looks forward' loved ones and association with poraries, then we shall no longer hopefully to "the return of the murderous ruffians, the deprivagreat Gentile churches to the tion of books – even with no have need for an Indian Bureau, simple faith and Christology of Bible for most of the time-the for "Indian" organizations, or for exclusively Indian schools.

the early Jewish Christians," lack of proper food and clothing, Until that day-which some of and to the time when they will the inability to bathe with conse- us believe may not be far offenunciate "g,imple and universal quent infestation by. verrllin such a. compilation as "Indians principles of belief in which the picked uP from filthy lodgings of Today," sponsored by the In- Unity of God and the Messiah- and associates-all these things dian Council Fire of Chicago and ship of Jesus will be the funda- made it impossible for anything edited by its secretary, Marion mentals." Such a faith he con- but the most impUcit faith in E. Grid,ley is welcomed as an inceives would be "acceptable God to sing songs, give thanks dex of progress already made and preach Christ "in season and toward the goal. alike to Jew and Gentile."

But the author's facts, quite out of season." The late Charles Curtis, a apart from his interpretation of Their captors were the Com- former senator and vice-presi- them, command our attention munist Army as it was driven by dent of the United States, whose and interest. They bring us face the Government troops through minor strain of Indian blood has to face with the tragic failure of the provinces of Hunan, Kwei- been widely publicized, tells us the Church to commend Christ chow and Yiinnan toward the in his Foreword what those to the Jew, with the spiritual northwest borders of China. whose stories and portraits ap- homelessness of Jews who be- Bombing airplanes constantly pear "have achieved in the face come believers in Jesus, and the harassed the Communists, yet, of terrific handicaps." Together lack of fellowship which they so dodging and fleeing, they cap- with hundreds less well known, often encounter within the tured towns and villages, looting they are filling a worthy place Church, and with the estrange- and destroying, kidnapping men, in our modern civilization. The

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

.editor does not pretend to cover strange land for the first time. not merely to sugar coat misthe ground fully. Some Indians The author shows that all Africa sionary and other religious in- who well deserved mention were is not jungle but that there are formation but is especially to inunknown to the editor, while great and modern cities, high spire and motivate practical others preferred not to be listed. mountains, railroads and their work in church groups. The The analysis of 101 short stations, automobiles, mines, author has endeavored to make biographies shows that about waterfalls, plantations, 0 pen the staging and costuming one-third of those included claim rolling grass land, yes, and dense simple so as to be within the to be "full bloods." . One-fourth bush. Of course a children's range of the average church. It are less than half Indian, al-· book must mention lions, leop- is to be regretted that these though only Mr. Curtis, and ards, elephants, hippopotami, sketches were not revised so as Mrs. Roberta Campbell Lawson monkeys and Africa's other ani- to meet the new legal, social and (granddaughter of a native Del- mals. religious conditions with which aware missionary, and now pres- Living in these pages are also, the Christian Church has to ident of the General Federation and mainly, people-boys herd- deal, since the plays were first of Women's Clubs), are below ing flocks, taking turns going to used. Missionary motives, con- one-fourth degree. school where they learn songs versational style and facts have About one-third of those and Bible stories which they changed so markedly that little whose stories are presented live carry back to their fellow herds- of the material could now be and work among the general men. We read of little Ponsiwe used without considerable adap- population of America, as min- whose mother tried to hide her tation. If this is done the dra- isters to white churches, doctors, from evil spirits; there are matic basis of these plays and lawyers, scientists, business men Zepheniah and Sarah, the twins, pageants will be found helpful and others. Members of one who with their mother were as suggestive material well ar- considerable group serve under lepers; and there is Mary, one ranged. E. S. AITCHISON.

the Indian Bureau or as mis- of the children rescued by the sionaries on reservations; over missionaries during the famine. Heritage of Beauty. Pictorial Studies one-third are artists, singers, Wide territory was covered by of Modern Christian Architecture lecturers and writers on Indian in Asia and Africa. By D. J. Flemthemes; many entertainers have Miss Reed in her visit-Natal, ing. $1.50. Friendship Press, New Transvaal, Cape Colony, Orange York. 1937. been omitted. Twenty-two wom- Free State, Portuguese East .en are included, and several men Africa and the Belgian Congo. Many mission churches and Instructive notes are added to schools in foreign lands are so who have won fame and money each chapter, giving facts about crude or foreign that they are as successful athletes. Eleven each of the provinces. an offence to cultured natives and do not stimulate worship. are or have been Christian min- MYRTA PEARSON Ross. This is in spite of the fact that isters or pastors. Three of the such countries as India, Burma, Missionary Plays and Pageants. By Persia, Siam, Japan and China names are found in "Who's Who Mrs. Fannie Smith Gray. Crown in America," and others appear boast of many very beautiful in special books of reference. 8vo. 277 pp. $2.75. Western Bap- non-Christian temples. tist Publishing Co., Kansas City, Missionary groups will do well Mo. 1936. Dr. Fleming, formerly a misto study this compilation, the first of its kind, and it should be The demand for missionary sionary in India, has prepared made available in libraries, espe- material in dramatic form has ,cially those of schools, colleges, increased in late years as this attractive volume wit h .and historical societies. churches and other religious or- ganizations have come to realize forty-five photographic produc- ELAINE GOODALE EASTMAN. the dynamic of the visual pres- entation of truth. These 25 tions, with a view to promoting 'World Treasure Trails: Africa. By dramas and pageants cover a Nellie A. Reed. 127 pp. $1.00, range of subjects, including tem- and preserving in every land cloth; 50 cents, paper. Women's perance, sketches for special oc- Missionary Society, Free Methodist casion and various phases of national ideas of beauty in Church, Winona Lake, Ind. 1936. missionary work. The appeal is mostly to women and young Christian Church architecture. The author is a Free Meth- people. ·odist, who was sent out to Africa In these studies he shows the by the children of America, and The author was for 13 years now brings back a message to Baptist State Secretary for Kan- beautiful, appropriate, adretsiisgtinc~ young and old. She knows and sas and served as leader in the dignified and worshipful loves children of all races and Woman's National Jubilee and has drunk deeply from the foun- in some Christian churches ; tains of experience. others are dignified but seem out of place in their environ- ment. He also calls attention to art, symbolism and reverence in connection with churches. Every missionary, charged with build- ing houses of worship in other Here is an :atmosphere of ad- Continuation Campaigns of the lands, should examine this volventure that every missionary Northern Baptist Convention. ume and profit by Dr. Fleming's ,experiences :as he goes to a The aim of these productions is studies.

Kolerat Pitsiulret or True Stories of As his first wife, he married sketch of the Religions of China the Early Days of the Moravian Miss Lucy Guinness, a daughter is followed by a chapter on Mission on the Kuskokwim River, of Dr. H. Grattan Guinness of Christianity in China, from the Alaska. By S. H. Gapp. 106 pages. London. coming of the Nestorians to the 50 cents. The Comenius Press (The The story of this life, dedi- most recent developments in the Moravian Book Shop), Bethelehem, Pa. 1936. cated to God for Africa, is National Christian Council and The Moravian Church began deeply interesting from many the expanding ideal and realizaits work among the Eskimos of points of view. We read of wild tion of the Indigenous Church. the Kuskokwim District in 1885, elephant hunts, as well as adven- The author's picture of the Life and this booklet records in tures with wild men, but the . and Leadership of the Chinese graphic and gripping sty 1e traveler's chief interest was in Church, in country and city, talstories of what was involved in bringing men into vital relation- lies closely with the reviewer's pioneer missionary work fifty ship to Christ. Kumm met own 34 years of observation and years ago in subarctic Alaska. many famous men and spoke at participation in bot h. The What perhaps adds peculiar in- great assemblies. These contacts Church's virtues and frailties terest to these, at times, thrill- form the basis for some rich ex- are not very different from those ing narratives is the fact that periences that reveal the man's of the Western Churches, and one of the pioneer missionaries, strong character and wide in- the great need is the same-that who for the first time brought fluence. He died in California of larger dependence upon God's the Gospel to these neglected on August 29, 1930, but the Spirit for a fuller and more enpeople, was a full-blooded Del- work of the S. U. M. goes on ergizing life. It is a felt need aware Indian, the greatgrand- with many signs of the blessing and Chinese preachers and itinson of the famous Chief Gelele- of God. erant bands have been raised up mend of Revolutionary fame. to meet it as never before, in The first chapters give a review China Calling. By Rev. Frank more extensive and intensive of his life. After his death his Houghton, B.A. 80 pp. Paper, 50 evangelism and the development widow gave to Dr. Gapp all her cents; cloth, $1.00. China Inland of the spirit of independent selfdiaries, from which he has Mission, Lon don, Philadelphia. support and self-propagation.

1936.

gleaned this remarkable tale, It would be hard to find else- But lest any should think that which he has been permitted to where as many interesting facts the missionary is no longer publish now that she too has about China, the country, the needed in China, the author gone to her eternal reward. The people, their history, their char- draws attention to the still small acter, their attainments and number and the poverty of the book gives a vivid picture of their needs, in equally small 500,000 Chi n e s e Protestant missionary activities amid the snow and ice of Alaska, and also compass. The Editorial Secre- Christians among nearly 500,- of some of the experiences- tary of the China Inland Mis- 000,000, and the vast populasometimes tragic – of the early sion, and now a Bishop in tions entirely unevangelized. In Eskimo converts. P. DE S. Szechuen, has made full use of his mind there is not the slight- Pools on the Glowing Sand. The earlier books on China and the est question that "none but Jesus Story of Karl Kumm. By Irene V. Chinese, but also, with unusual Christ can do helpless sinners Cleverdon. Introduction by Samuel opportunities, has made equal good," therefore China presents M. Zwemer. Illus. 8vo. 194 pp. 58. Specialty Press. Melbourne, use of eyes and ears and mind on the world's loudest call and present-day China. He has pro- greatest opportunity to those Australia. 1936. duced a book which should find who follow the Master in being Karl Kumm was a pioneer a large place in the study classes lovers of souls. "Love never missionary traveler in Central of churches and societies as af- faileth." C. H. FENN.

Africa and described his inter- fording an admirable bird's-eye esting observations in two vol- view of that long-lived race in God in the Every Day. By Hugh urnes: "The Lands of Ethiopia," the weakness and strength of its Redwood. 8 vo. 117 pp. 28. 6d. and "From H a usa 1and to past, its modern progress and Rich and Gowman, London. 1936.

Egypt." He had outstanding problems, its resources, its need Another book by the religious gifts as a Christian scholar, an of "What Jesus Christ alone can edi,tor of the London D ail y effective speaker and missionary give." Hence this book's stir- Chronicle is always welcome. explorer and was one of the ring call to the Christian Church Like "God in the Slums" it is founders of the Sudan United in Great Britain and America to the story of how Christ finds Mission and its General Secre- seize the present unequalled op- men and women and saves them tary. portunity. Its appeal is by: no from sin and destruction. It is Karl Kumm was of German means limited to the C. 1. M. and illustrated by individual experiparentage and was born in Os- its supporters. The style of the ences and one chapter of espeterode, Hanover, in 1874. Later book is easy and the author's cial interest is autobiographical. he became international in his sense of humor is frequently in Every pastor, teacher and percontacts and allegiance, with evidence. sonal worker will find it a rich Great Britain, America and Af- After a description of the storehouse for inspiration and rica as his adopted countries. land and people, an excellent illustration. .

Born-And Then? By An- know the Hindu people, their DO YOUR S.S.PAPERS

drew Gih. Edited by J. Edwin Orr. system, customs and problems. 12mo. 128 pp. Is. Marshall, It was a great experience which ~ Morgan & Scott. London. 1937. they have capi,talized to good advantage. He describes each BIBLE TBUTH~ Andrew Gih is a Chinese separate caste from Brahman to Christian, still a young man, an dancing girl and then tells of the ~- HAPPY HOURS evangelist of the Bethel Mission service system, payment, conin Shanghai. Recently he has cessions, and its disintegrating '– ""'"""'- For.he Primacies not only traveled widely in features. The laws of compen- -…….. China, preaching the Gospel, but sation and rights are studied, Sample. of 011' has been on a world-wide evan- and the advantages and disad- Paperl and Ouartedi.. gelistic tour and has given his vantages of the whole system. message very effectively to large It is a valuable study for any sent free on recpest audiences in America and Eng- missionary or student of social E5T.1886 land. Now friends have per- science. suaded him to write the story of CBHISTIAN PUBLICATIONS INC. his early life, his conversion, his The lessons Dr. Wiser draws Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg~Pa. Christian ministry and his mes- from the system are fifteen. The sage. All has been edited by J. features that should be retained Education for Missions in the Local Edwin Orr, the young British include: Church. E. Mae Young. 89 pp. evangelist, aut h 0 r of "Can 35 cents. Methodist Book Concern. God-?" and other volumes. 1. Contentment and peace. 2. The individual wishes subordinated New York. Andrew Gih's story is strik- Landlord and Peasant in China. A ing and stimulating. His faith to the group. Study of the Agrarian Crisis in is clear, his spirit is Christlike 3. A federation of groups leading to China. Chen Hanseng. 144 pp. and his message is Biblical. The $2.00. International Publishers. book well repays a careful read- solidarity. ing, though its style is conversa- 4. The farmers living at the center New York. tional, rather than literary and Revisiting My Pygmy Hosts. Paul the life-story would be improved rather than in scattered homes. by condensation and reediting. 5. The village community as the pri- Schebesta. Trans. by G. Griffin. The Scripture messages deal llIus. Map. 288 pp. 18s. Hutchwith the Holy Spirit and are in- mary unit of society in India. inson. London. tended particularly for Chris- 6. Education and religion as playing Stone Age Bushmen of Today. Life tians who need cleansing, and and Adventure Am~mg a Tribe of power. They will be helpful to a large part in creating unity. Savages in Northwestern Australia. any earnest Christian of any 7. The greatest factor contributory to J. R. B. Love. Illus. 220 pp. race, in any land. 8s. 6d. Blackie. London. a sense of security is a recogni- Native Education and Culture-Con- The Hindu Jajmani System. By tion of common responsibility. tact in New Guinea. William C. Wm. H. Wiser. Paper bound. 192 Groves. 179 pp. 6s. University pp. Lucknow Publishing House, He says in conclusion: "Just Press, Melbourne; Oxford Univer- India. 1936. as India is helping us to under- sity Press, London. stand more clearly the Galilean Wm. H. Wiser has been for Master's teaching of passive re- Christ the Hope of the W orId. Resome years a missionary in the sistance, it can help us' to under- port of the Twelfth World's Sunday United Provinces of Indian and, stand His teaching that no man wSceh.ooml Cuosn. ve3n5t0iopnp. . Alexander Gamwith his wife, wrote a fasci- has a right to live entirely unto $1.00. World's nating book of Indian village himself and that they who are Sunday School Assn. New York. life, called "Behind Mud Walls." strong are under an ethical obli- Now Dr. Wiser has published gation to bear the burdens of Christianity and Our World. J. C. another and more detailed study the weak." Bennett. 65 pp. 50 cents. Assoof one of the features of the Village System-the "Jajmani" or New Books ciation Press. New York. relationship between employer Church and ,state on the European and 'employee. This system is Ablaze for God. Life Story of Paget Continent. Adolf Keller. 6s. Epcomplicated because of the Wilkes. Mary W. Dunn Pattison. worth Press. London. twenty-four castes and out- 316 pp. Japan Evangelistic Band. castes, with their traditional oc- London. ON SHIPBOARD cupations and taboos. For example: the Brahmans may be The Foundations Must Stand. P. E. An unusual gathering, sayS a corserved by anyone of the twenty- Kretzmann. 123 pp. 75 cents. respondent, was held lately on board four castes while the sweeper Concordia Publishing House. St. the P. and O. steamer Carthage, bound can only be served by a few. Louis. for China. Under the heading "Why we are going to China?" several young For five years Dr. Wiser and Letters by a Modern Mystic. Frank men going out to the China Inland his family lived just outside a C. Laubach. 46 pp. 25 cents. Mission for the first time gave their village, which they called Ka- Student Volunteer Movement. New testimony in front of 250 passengers York. and ship's officers. The speakers, who rimpur. Here they learned to had taken a prominent part in the A Theology for Christian Missions. usual deck sports, all told how they Hugh Vernon White. $2.00. 220 had been led to realize that tqe ac- pp. Willet Clark & Co. Chicago. cepting of Christ as their Saviour was a real and personal matter, and how Alaskan Adventures. By Loyal L. in different ways they had received Wirt. $1.50. 124 pp. Revell. New the call to China.-British Weekly. York.

Twelve Mighty Missionaries. E. E. Enock. 95 pp. Is. Pickering and Inglis. London.

They Found God. M. L. Christlieb. 152 pp. 58. Allen and Unwin. London.

NOT MISS THESE ARTICLES IN

JUNE NUMBER OF THE THE MISSIONARY ~~WORLD CHRIST AND RURAL AMERICA Some Back Road Problems ………………………………….. Eunice B. Buck The Challenge of the Rural Community ……………………… Mark A. Dawber The Murdock Trail …………………………………….. .Alvin E. Magary Neglected Fields in Rural America ………………………….. William R. King Unity and Cooperation for Rural Churches ………………… .Edward D. Hamner As a Farmer's Wife Sees It ……………………………… .Mrs. A. W. Hewitt Case Work in Rural America ………………………………… .Hilda L. lves A Colporteur's Experiences …………………………………. , ohn C. Killian Tenants, Share-Croppers and the Church …………………. Charles M. McConnell Keeping the Fountains Clean ………………………. , .. .Henry W. McLaughlin The Work of Rural Sunday Schools ……………………… .'ohn M. Somerndike The Country Pastor's Job … , …………………….••…………. .Mark Rich The Larger Parish Plan ………………………….•……. Ellsworth M. Smith What Rural Churches Are Doing ………………………….. W. H. Thompson Woman's Work in a Country Church ………………………. .Mrs. ,. D. Wyker Volunteers in Rural Church Service ………………………….. Louis C. Harnish Best Books on Rural Life Porblems …………….. ; ………… Benson Y. Landis ORDER COPIES FOR YOURSELF AND YOUR SOCIETY, BEFORE THE EDITION IS SOLD OUT.

25 cents a copy. $20.00 a hundred $2.50 a year THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD ROBERT E. SPEER, President DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1934

1934

An Unrepentant Missionary Lillian L. Picken Donald Fraser of Livingstonia Millar Patrick Every Missionary an Evangelist Donald Fraser Shall We Abandon the Missionaries?

George Innes _ Jesse R. Wilson Frances Shunk Downs William Bancroft Hill _ Mrs. Thomas Nicholson Cleland B. McAfee Milton T. Stauffer The Fate of Missionaries' Children Dan C. Brummitt

Printin

When You Require It The Bible Family Magazine for More Than Twenty Years PASTORS, Sunday School Teachers,. and Bible Students say they We wish to filxtend to you an invi- cannot afford to be without it. Contributors for 1934 include tation to become acquainted With outstanding preachers and writers of America. Every issue contains: THE EVANGELICAL 'PRESS of Hamsburg, Pennsylvania. STRIKING EDITORIALS AND ARTICLES OF VITAL INTEREST JUNIOR KING'S BUSINESS Thousands of institutions andindivid- uals have accepted a similar invitation, NOTES ON CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR and have enjoyed a profitable printing SUNDAY SCHOOL LESSON HELPS association for years.

One of the leading features is the International Sunday School Les- Our specialty is :Sooks, Magazines and son Commentary. Many say they cannot teach without it. It pro- Booklets. We have modem equipment vides for each lesson a simple and comprehensive outline and valuable to meet all the requirements of your exposition by Dr. B. B. Sutcliffe, a usable blackboard lesson, a Golden particular job. Our .ervlce is quick, Text illustration, and a children's division. An additional feature careful and courleous. has just been added. Why not allow us to e.timate on your AN OBJECT LESSON FOR EACH WEEK next printing? You will be delighted with our product, price, and .ervice. By ELMER L. WILDER The Evangelical Press This easy-to-use material will insure attentive auditors in the Sunday School, junior church, Daily Vacation Bible School, summer camp Printers 01 or wherever boys and girls are gathered for religious instruction. The Missionary Review of the World PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE: Third and Rail,. Str. .t. Huriaburg. P..

Money Saving II Combination Offer 1,198,000 Bibles Placed by The King's Business, • • • • • • $1.50 (Stve $1.25) THE GIDEON. The Missionary Review of·the World, 2.50 $2.75 in Hotel Bedrooms for the (Twelve Numbers of Each) $4.00 For the Two o Benefit of Those Who Travel NOTE: Each magazine will be mailed to subscribers direct from its You are invited to have a part fa this own office of publication. important work by sendintl a coblribu- ~'m~re.the Bible Fund. $1.00 will place Postage extra to Canada-and foreign countries— The King's Business, 25 cents Eligibility for Me~bership Make Remittances Payable and Address Orders to The field of the work havill. now aur- rounded the globe, haa caued the open- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW of the WORLD THE KING'S BUSINESS ing of membership to Third and Reily Streets 558 South Hope Street All Christian Business Men Harrisburs, Pa. Los Anseles, Calif. THE GIDEON MAGAZINE. $1.00 per year. Write for particular. to THE GIDEONS The Christian Comm.,.cial Men'. Association 0/ America. International 202 So. State Street Chicatlo, II1inoia Florida. Missionary Assemblies – city is making extended preparation and Turkey, in the Arcot Mission and with the American Board. for missionary speakers in the public Mrs. Esperanza A. Cuyugan, jl Winter visitors in Florida will wel- schools, open park forums, colleges young Filipino girl. come. the announcement that twelve and universities, men's civic clubs and Rev. McCoy Franklin, of the BIu!,! cities will this year be included in the before the radio, in addition to the Ridge Mountains. : Chain of Missionary Assemblies, to be popular meetings in a central Church. Rev. Ralph Hall, "Missionary Cowheld from January 20th to February The World Ambassadors will in- boy" from Mexico. 15th. The first week will be in Or- clude: Dr. W. Harold StO'l'm, medical mislando, Winter Haven and Deland; the Rev. E. Stanley Jones, of India. sionary at Muscat, Arabia. second week, the Palm Beaches, Rev. Oscar M. Buck, professor of Rev. Isaac Yonan, Assyrian, born Miami, Fort Myers and Bradenton; Missions at Drew University, who will in Persia, Professor of Urumia Col~ the third week, St. Petersburg, Clear- lecture on "The New Day in Miswater and Tampa; the fourth week, sions." lege. Gainesville and Jacksonville. An in- Miss Elisabeth W. Conklin, missionterdenominational committee in each ary among women and girls of India

MISSIONARY MINISTER'S

REVIEW OF THE WORLD 'CONTRIBUTORS JOSEPH M. Editor CONTRIBUTORS DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor AIKI1I5 I T IS unfair to compare the new ROBERISOJI BURRELL Annual with any previous volume. ROBBIIiS VOL. LVII JAN., 1934 No.1 BUIIRICK A wealth of "signed" preaching SIIAIlIIOIl CADMAII material, unequalled, from the nation's SIIOEMAKEa Publication and Business Office CIIAPPELL great preachers, church service ma- SOCKM.II Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. GRAY terial, illustrations, etc. SIIDGER GILROY 510llE Editorial and Executive Office I7A New Low Price, $2.00 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City 1I0UGII~etc. YAIICE~ etc. Entered as second-class matter at F. H. REVELL co.. 158 Filth Ave., N.Y.C. Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly, except August. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 19'34.

MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC. BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WAL1'ER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD ERIC M. NORTH MILTON T. STAUFFER A. L. WARNSHUIS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Editorial Chat The regular visits of THE MISSION- Dr. Rockwell Hannon Potter, dean ARY REVIEW have been a great pleas- of Hartford Seminary, has been A truly happy New Year is the ure and profit to me. Each number elected president of the American heart-felt wish of THE REVIEW for all seems just a little finer than the one Board of Commissioners for Foreign our subscribers and friends and for which preceded. I greatly appreciate Missions. the friends of our Lord Jesus Christ all the splendid articles which you are 'in every part of the world. We are from month to month providing for *** planning and praying to make THE us. REVIEW more interesting and valuable Miss Theodora Chitambar, daughthis year than it has ever been. This MRS. J. M. BROUGH, Church Li- ter of Bishop J. R. and Mrs. Chitamis difficult in these days when the brarian, First Baptist Church, bar, has been appointed to a post in shortage of funds has caused so many Los Angeles, Calif. the Government Girls' School in Barof our contemporaries to discontinue eilly, India. Miss Chitambar secured publication. God has already an- "I cannot afford to take it, neither her M.A. at Columbia University, and swered prayer in many ways. Will can I afford to do without it. while in the U. S. made many adyou join us in the prayer that our dresses on Christian work in India. Heavenly Father will continue to "The articles by W. H. T. Gairdner guide and bless our efforts to make and Mrs. Peabody in last issue put a *** the RElVIEW a real factor in promoting feeling of cheer and fresh courage in the Cause of Christ throughout the one's heart." Dr. Julius Richter, who has recently world? been visiting America in the interests MRS. WARREN F. GOFF, Fox Lake, of a better understanding between *** Wisconsin. America and Germany, has returned to Berlin. You can help during the New Year Personal Items in many ways-by continuing to read Coming Events and subscribe; by sending gift sub- Dr. and Mrs. Webster E. Browning scriptions to your friends; by recom- returned to South America in October, January 2-February 8-Rural Trainmending THE REVIEW to others; by after a nine months' furlough in the ing for Christian Workers Course. sending to the Editor your suggestions United States. Dr. Browning has Scarritt College for Christian lived in South America since 1896. Workers, Nashville, Tenn. f?r improvement; by using the artIcles and news in your missionary *** January 3-S-Annual Meeting, Forsocieties, conferences, Sunday schools eign Missions Conference. Garden and church services; by seeing that Wilfred T. Grenfell, Jr., son of Sir City, N. Y. the magazine is available at confer- Wilfred T. Grenfell, M.D., has been ences and other missionary meetings appointed first secretary to the head January 9-11-Annual Meeting, Home you attend. Will you help? of the Chinese Commission of the Missions Council and Council of League of Nations. Women for Home Missions. Fifth Occasionally *frie*nd*s criticize THE Avenue Presbyterian Church, New *** York. REVIEW. This is understandable and constructive criticism is always wel- The Rev. W. S. and Mrs. Gould of January 23 – February 17 – Cornell come. Others commend the magazine the American Presbyterian Mission, School for Mssionaries. Cornell -perhaps at times too enthusiasti- India, have a son who claims the dis- University, Ithaca, N. Y. cally. We find that our best friends tinction of being a 5th generation are our regular readers. Those who missionary; his grandfather is Rev. February 16, 1933-World Day of do not read it are naturally not in- A. B. Gould of Ambala, his great- Prayer. terested! Here are a few recent com- grandfather was Dr. F. Newton of ments-quoted to show why our Firozepore and his great-great-grand- February 20-21-Committee of Referfriends are ready to help maintain father was Dr. John Newton of La- ence and Counsel, Foreign Missions and promote this organ of Christian hore-:-al~ of the American Presbyte- Conference. New York. missions. rian Mission. April 26-May 7-General Conference, [ 1] Methodist Episcopal Church, South, Jackson, Miss.

OF THE SPEAKERS TEAM FOR THE UNITED FOREIGN MISSIONARY

Seatea, Left to Right.~Dr., E. Stanley Jones, Dr. Yi-fang Wu, Miss Lillian Pioken, Dr. Herman Chen-en Liu. Sta,nding.-Bishop Logan H. Roots, Rev. Walter Getty, Mrs. Lydia DeSeo, Dr. Charles R. Watson, Rev. H. F. Laflamme.

INTEREST IN FOREIGN MISSLONS MANIFESTED AT THE CHICAGO STADIUM Part of the 21,000 audience who gathered to hear missionary a ddresses by Dr. E. Stanley Jones and others on November 5th. REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER ONE JANUARY, 1934 Topics of the Times A NEW BEGINNING – WITH GOD sionary work is neglected and discredited by m~ny, and is lacking in the fruitfulness we have a rIght "To begin is poetry; to continue is prose," said to expect. Was there ever greater need for a new beginning – with God? Edward Judson to a parishioner who offered to Great victories have been won through the censtart a good work for others to carryon. A new turies, by such new beginnings – with prayer and study and consecration. Such were the new bebeginning involves difficulties, but it is easy com- ginnings in the Apostolic Age, in the Reformatio? days, in the modern missionary era, in the relIpared with the drudgery of continuance. This is gious awakenings in England, in Wales, in Amer- ica. Prayer is still the channel of power. The true of New Year resolutions, of new government Word of God is still living and powerful. Is it not the Church that is out of harmony with God and programs, of the Christian life, of. ch.urch m~m­ His program – of evangelism, of world peace, of righteousness, of love? It is a good time to begin bership, of marriage, of any SaCrI?CIal serVIce. the New Year – with God.

A good beginning does not in itself msure a good ending. This has been evident in the story of Cinrethaetioren~oirnd the history of the Hebrew kingdom, of the Apostolic Church, in the prog- ress of the Protestant Reformation, in the annals of the American nation, and in the work of mod- ern missions. But to begin well has never been enough to win "In the beginning – God." This is the only a victory _ in war, in the Church or State, in edu- true beginning – for the earth, for the Church, cation, in character, or in a career. Continuance for the St aYte~afro.r the home, for the individual, for is difficult. It requires a definite and worthy goal; the New During the past eighty-eight it demands faith and courage and patience; it years it has been the Christian custom to begin the calls for cooperation with men and with God.

New Year with a special week of prayer. January Will the end of 1934 show any definite improve- seventh to fourteenth has been designated by the ment over the closing days of 1933? It should World's Evangelical Alliance as the Universal show improvement in international relations, in Week of Prayer for 1934. It will be an auspicious economic conditions, in social justice, in spiritual beginning if it can be made a week of real prayer, life in missionary service _ if we begin the New of renewed surrender to God, of definite Bible Ye~r and continue with God. "Jesus Christ is the study, of the guidance of the Holy Spirit. same yesterday, today and for ever." The prom- Was there ever greater need for this new be- ises of God have not been revoked, nor have the ginning – with God? The world – east, west, conditions of fulfilment been changed. "Repent north, south – is torn by war and threatened by and do the first works-or else …… " is the mes- the gathering clouds of more war. Many gov- sage of the Spirit to the churches. "Let us not be ernments – Germany, Spain, Russia, Italy, China, weary in well doing, for in due season we shall Isneedkiai~gGnreewat Britain, America – are frantically reap if we faint not," is the word of the Spirit to solutions for their perplexing prob- those who begin-and continue the New Year- lems. Human society is undermined and cor- with God.

rupted by greed, injustice, terrorism and vice. Being confident of this very thing, that He who has The Christian Church is divided, and many sec- begun a good work in you will perfect it unto the day of tions show little signs of power, faith, love. Mis- Jesus Christ. (Philippians 1: 6.) [3]

THE ASSYRIAN-IRAQI OUTBREAK This incident started the so-called "Assyrian Rebellion." The Government hurried extra police The presence of the Assyrians within the area and troops to the area and formed a force of speof Iraq-strangers within the gate-is one of the cial police from among the Kurds. Thereupon unhappy sequels of the Great War. It is accounted Kurdish and Arab tribesmen started to loot Asfor by the fact that these Assyrians cast in their syrian villages. Around Dohuk, the northernlot with the Allies and were consequently driven most station of the United Mission in Mesopofrom their ancestral homes north of Iraq in the tamia, some individual Assyrians were murdered, Turkish and Persian areas. They were given or spirited away, and Assyrian prisoners were shelter by the British who were then occupying taken as hostages. Thus far the Iraqi Government Iraq. When the British Mandate was terminated, seems to have handled the situation fairly well, the Iraqi Government undertook to settle the considering the traditional feud between the homeless Assyrians on unoccupied lands in North- Kurds and Assyrians. But in the following month, ern Iraq. A Land Commission was appointed by August, there occurred an inexcusable incidentthe Iraqi Government to deal with the disputes a reversion after the manner of the worst days of arising out of the division of Government lands in the Turkish treatment of the Armenians. tribal areas, and a special member of the Commission, Major Thompson, was given the over- Defenceless Villagers Massacred sight of the Assyrian settlement. A short distance from Dohuk is an Assyrian Mar Shimon, the Assyrian Patriarch, opposed village, SumeiI, one of a number of villages that the efforts of the Iraqi Government and refused did not belong to the disaffected group. Many of to cooperate in settling the Assyrian claims. This the villagers were Iraqi citizens and had remained attitude naturally embarrassed the Government, loyal to the Government. Many had given up their as the whole weight of his influence was exerted arms to the police and later the remaining arms against the acceptance by the Assyrians of the were collected so that the village was incapable of Government settlement scheme. This attitude any kind of resistance. This defenceless village, seems to have been dictated by mistrust of the packed with refugees, was then attacked and all good faith of the Iraqi Government and by the the men, with the exception of two or three who fact that the proposed settlement would not leave had left the village, were killed. The small Arab the Assyrians intact as a geographical and polit- population of the town was untouched. Estimates ical unit, with Mar Shimon as the recognized head. of the number massacred vary from 350 to 700.

However, the majority of the Assyrian tribes The Iraqi Government claims that this was the agreed to accept the proposed settlement, but a work of Arab and Kurdish tribesmen who were party of malcontents refused cooperation. They looting and did the killing, and that the troops retired to the mountains with an armed force and hurried there for the defence of the villages. But threatened trouble. The discontent was princi- these claims cannot be accepted as the evidence pally confined to two tribes and can hardly be said points to the Iraqi Army itself acting under to have represented the attitude of the whole As- orders. syrian nation. Last July the Iraqi Government called a meeting of the Assyrian leaders in Mosul, Mar Shimon, the Patriarch of the Assyrians, at which it was announced that the original was deported to Cyprus, and proceeded later to scheme of settlement would be adhered to and Geneva to present this attack upon his people to that, if any group of Assyrians did not like that the League of Nations. plan, the Government would be ready to expedite their emigration. A few days later it was reported At the outbreak of the troubles the members of that these malcontents had appeared in the north- the United Mission in Mesopotamia were at their eastern corner of Iraq and had crossed into Syria. usual stations. Following upon the Assyrian- Shortly after this a body of men, estimated at Iraqi outbreak, the United States Minister reabout 1,500, left their families in the villages and quested those within the troubled area to gather moved across the Tigris River to Syria. The Iraqi in Baghdad. This they did, but since the excite- Government dispatched soldiers to the boundary ment has subsided they have returned to their with orders to disarm all Assyrians who desired stations. to return to Iraq. A large party started to come back across the border, promising to give up their This uphappy incident, following so soon after arms. Either by accident or by intent, shots were the British were relieved of their Mandate by the fired and a general engagement took place between League of Nations, would seem to justify the fear the Iraqi forces and the Assyrians and about 100 that the Iraqi Government is not able to safeguard Assyrians were killed, and half that number of the minorities, and seems to give strength to the Iraqi soldiers. position that British policy should have provided for the Assyrians before relinquishing their Man- date. It seems hardly fair to put such an involved and difficult problem as the Assyrian question into

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

the hands of a new and inexperienced government. government, parliamentary procedure is excluded It is understood that this matter will be taken up and the so-called "principle of the leader" pre- at the January meeting of the League of Nations vails, whereby those in authoritative positions and its action will be awaited with interest. (e. g., bishops) are surrounded by councilors, but ultimate decisions are to be made by the leader THE CHURCH SITUATION IN GERMANY* alone. The entire organization appears to be, not a church, but rather the most concentrated form Visibility is low for the religious situation in of a federation of churches which has ever been Germany. Many earth-born conditions create a conceived. This along with the "principle of the heavy fog. The developments are far from com- leader" provides something new to study in plete and are being constantly readjusted. A cen- church government.

sorship is exercised, and opposing reports have Causes of Religious Agitation partisan backgrounds. Even those who have been on the ground and have conversed with leaders Whatever the value of these plans for a church cannot know all about the purposes and the tend- of the people, they have been greatly hindered and encies ; as these words are written, Washington confused by the second leading fact. Nothing is is not telling us Americans its financial intentions; more interesting and perhaps more confusing in Berlin also keeps its silences. Some religious the long history of the Christian Church than the manifestations in Germany repel us and warp our influence of free movements or societies which judgments. It is not necessary however to give arise within the Church, such as Monasticism, the up the puzzle, for certain leading facts are clear. High Church Movement, the Y. M. C. A. It is a Two are of supreme importance and enable us to strongly organized, free movement which causes discern the meaning of most of the news. the religious excitement today in Germany. Sev- eral years ago a group developed within the Ger- In the first place we can see with reasonable man churches calling itself "German Christians." distinctness the kind of church that Germany aims It was strongly sympathetic with the National to establish. If attained it will give us something Socialist (Nazis, Hitlerites) political party, and new to study in church government. It is not to like that party became pronouncedly anti-semitic. be a State Church. The desire is primarily to It attracted other nominally Christian groups that realize the ol~ ideal of a Church of the people denied the value of Old Testament religion and (Volkskirche). The multitudes that have been in- were developing a religion from Teutonic myths. different are to be reclaimed. With the exception As the Nazi political power grew stronger many of the Roman Catholics, whose special rights are more conservative Christians were attracted to covered by a concordat concluded with the Pope, the "German Christians." They hoped conscienall baptized Christians are included. Materialistic tiously to see a better day, through the establishatheism is repressed along with the crushing of Communism. All moral filth found in the theatre, ment of a single Protestant Church in the nation the movies, literature, etc., is banned. In this peo- and through the overthrow of atheism and of gross ple's church the religious genius or individuality immorality. They expected also to be able to reof Germany is to find a manifestation, just as we sist the radical elements within the "German desire to see national individuality manifested in Christians." When the Nazis triumphed politithe Christianity of India, China and other lands. cally, the "German Christians" claimed the sup- The three chief groups (Lutheran, Reformed, port of the victorious national government in the Unionist) are to maintain their confessional stand- establishment of the new Church, became arroing, and the initial purpose was to include all free gant, maneuvered against the unorganized conchurches (Methodists, Baptists, etc.) under some- servative forces in the Church, secured control, thing like the American "codes" of the N. R. A. filled many of the new bishoprics and other places Everything of a religious nature in the Reich is of leadership, and proclaimed their most radical to be incorporated in this church under "codes," views as though they represented the views of the such as the foreign and inner mission work hither- new Church. to conducted by free societies, the youth move- The "German Christians" overplayed their part. ments like unto the Y. M. C. A., etc. Cults like The reaction has set in forcefully, and became ef- fective when the 450th anniversary of Luther's Russellism are banned. But the organization of this church of the peo- birthday was celebrated. The m e m 0 r y of ple is not democratic. As is true of the national Luther's free and fearless conscience lives vig- orously in Germany, but the opposition as mani- • The Rev. W. O. Lewis, the American Baptist Foreign Mission fested was not directed against the national gov- Society representative In Europe, takes strong exception to the brief article In our November number (page 548) by Pfarrer Thom a ernment, except so far as that government was member of the Executive Committee of the I"tGwearms afrnanCklhyriswrtilatnt~sn" supporting.the "German Christian" party in the :YIr. Lewis views this as "pure propaganda." from the "German Christian" point of view. Dr. Knubel's state- church. It W3,.S not directed against the idea Qf ment will help to clear the situation. 1ilD1TOl!.

the new Church but against the control of the Membership Day when those won were taken into the local churches. A youth rally and united "German Christians," against their machinations, communion service was held in the afternoon for all who had participated in the movement and ::t against their exclusion of Jewish Christians, large ent"husiastic audience heard an address by Dr. Hugh Thomson Kerr who sounded the note: against their radical religious views. Some not- "We have not finished, we carryon."

able success has been attained. The chief suc- The results were encouraging. Over 600 churches were invited to cooperate in the move· cesses will be secured if the national government ment which included eleven denominational and inter-denominational youth organizations. Over recognizes the danger to itself when it supports 1,200 young people attended the training classes where the leaders reported unusual interest. The a party in the church and particularly a party with witnessing evangelism brought in many accessions to the local churches. heathenish views; if furthermore pastors are The primary aim of the movement was to enlist aroused to heed their regular bishops and not the young people to win other young people to Christ but no effort was made for "numbers" at rallies or leaders of a party in the church; if finally the classes. The difficulties of the task and the sacri- fices necessary were fully emphasized. excesses of anti-semitism are checked. Unless The weaknesses of the movement were inadesuch results are gained we shall see the growth of quate financing, unresponsive groups, churches and pastors, lack of ministerial supervision in the free churches in Germany. Let us prayerfully local churches, and a lack of interest on the part of many young people individually. In all local remember that God is alive and that the Church church youth groups where there was leadership, a sense of personal responsibility and a sympain all lands is His. F. H. KNUBEL. thetic pastor, there were definite results and con- versions. YOUTH WIN YOUTH FOR CHRIST The response to this challenge has thrilled With youth on the march in political and social youth leaders and pastors and the age-old belief that youth will respond to Christ whenever the movements all over the world it is encouraging to task is made "hard" enough has again been proved.* find youth also on the march to win youth for THE LAYMEN'S INQUIRY AND THE Christ. This movement in Allegheny County, CHURCH Pennsylvania, is an evangelistic endeavor spon- The Laymen's Foreign Missionary Inquiry is apparently losing sight of its original purpose sored by the Allegheny County Youth Council and and is developing more and more into a propa- ganda. The tendency of this propaganda is, we the Pittsburgh Council of Churches. believe, to split churches and further divide mis- sionary forces, rather than to unite Christians or Preparations were started months in advance to promote missionary work on aNew Testament basis. Recent statements sent out from Chicago and committees of youth leaders, young people, by the National Committee for the Presentation of the Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry show and pastors were appointed to care for promotion, that a determined and systematic effort is being made to win support in all churches for the views finances, rallies, courses of study and training expressed in "Re-Thinking Missions." It is called "a nation-wide educational program for extendclasses. ing knowledge of the Report into the very heart On October 2 (1933) ~one-day evangelistic con· of America's churches under the direction of the National Committee for the Presentation of the ference was held and ov~r 300 pastors attended. Inquiry." The committee offers to send speakers, Speakers were Dr. Wm. F. Klein, Dr. Bernard C. * Wm. S. Wise, President ot the Allegheny County Youth CounCil, Clausen, Dr. H. B. McCormick, Dr. Jesse M. and Dr. S. M. Laing, Chairman of the Commission on Evangelism Bader, Dr. Hugh Thoms~n Kerr, Miss Miriam of the Pittsburgh Councll of Churches, headed the movement in thp Pittsburgh area. The plan was originally projected by the Federal Peters and Mr. Henry B. Lindstrom. The eve- Coullcil of Churches of Christ in America.

ning session was a large youth rally.

From October 3 to Noyember 5, the entire youth program of local c~urches was centered upon evangelism under theipersonal direction of the pastor. On the last day a youth rally and mass meeting was held to :pear Dr. Walter B.

Greenway on personal worJ< and responsibility.

Then followed four days during which twenty-five training classes in personal evangelism were held in twenty-five centrally located churches of the county. These were taught by capable pastors.

A four-chapter study course entitled, "Youth for Christ," was studied and the young people were given practical training for personal work.

An exchange of youth speakers in local Young Peoples' Societies and Leagues was carried out on the evening of November twelfth.

During the next two weeks the young people, having been trained in the classes, were asked to go out and witness for Christ under the local pastor's supervision. November 19 was Decision Day in the local churches and November 26 was

without expense to the churches, to fifty or more norm-the authority for our missionary purpose, cities. The purpose is to see that the views ex- principles and methods. pressed in the Report "become imbedded in the thought of the local churches." They, though never It is right that tlie results of the Laymen's Inthemselves engaged in active missionary work, quiry should be presented fully to the churches but now seek to "guide the missionary enterprise to would it not be more likely to bring out the truth new levels of dignity and service." To gain a if both views-those of the New Testament and of wider reading they not only offer a special edition modern philosophers–could be presented to the of "Re-Thinking Missions" at twenty-five cents a same audiences at the same time? Already the copy but have prepared a "Digest" of the report Christian forces are seriously divided on the Rein 6,000 words which they offer at four cents a port-as to its statement of facts, its interpretacopy. The National Committee which is sponsor- tion of Christian truth and its recommendations ing this propaganda is large and representative as to missionary methods. Appraisers and others of many churches; it contains some surprising sympathetic with the findings of the Report elonames of prominent pastors and friends of For- quently present their arguments for acceptance. Should not the same audience hear the objections eign Missions. raised by such recognized leaders as Robert E. There is no question as to the honesty and abil- Speer, E. Stanley Jones, Toyohiko Kagawa and Bishop Badley? Many who read the Report do ity or Christian character of the members of this not know that a large majority of the missionaries Inquiry and of the sponsors and members of this and National Christians on the mission fields and National Committee. There are, however, grave many of the leading advocates of missions in reasons to doubt the value of the Report, as a America, in England and on the European contiwhole, to the promotion of Christian missions, nent, deny the accuracy of some statements in the and the wisdom or helpfulness of the present Report, refuse to accept its doctrinal basis and method of presenting it to the churches. Chris- question the wisdom of many of its recommendatians believe in liberty of thought and expression; tions. we believe in freedom to investigate and to present the results of investigation so that those inter- In these days when Christians are earnestly ested can know the facts and can be free to choose seeking greater unity and power under the bantheir course of action. But everything should be ner of Christ, the active propaganda carried on to judged by its own merits. promote the views expressed in this Report will split asunder churches and denominations. In Has the Laymen's Inquiry stood on its merits? fact this is already taking place. Many conscien- If could never have been undertaken had it not tious Christians refuse to support missions on the been generously subsidized by one man. The Re- basis of this Report and threaten to withdraw port could not have been so wigely distributed and their support from Boards that accept its philosthe present propaganda could not have been con- ophy and some of its recommendations. Even ducted without the support of these same private Boards are divided and so find it difficult to carry funds. When missionaries and Mission 'Boards with them a divided constituency. While the memare in sore financial straits so that it has been bers of the Appraisal Committee and the sponsors necessary to recall workers and close stations, no doubt desire to promote Christianity, and have over half a million dollars have been spent to in- no wish to divide the Church, the evidence seems troduce a new and wholly modern philosophy of clear that they will fail in what they would do but mISSIOns. There could be no valid objection to will succeed in what they would avoid. this if the new is also true and based on the work and teachings of Christ and on the New Testa- THE GERMAN CHURCH AND THE JEWS ment ideals for which Christians stand. Should not a sympathetic inquiry into Christian mis- In the pursuit of his policy of national unificasions be in harmony with ideals and methods of tion, Adolf Hitler, the National Socialist dictator Christ and should not recommendations and re- of Germany, has sought to bring the ecclesiastical sults be studied in the light of the New Testament forces of the country into accord with Nazi which is the Magna Charta of Christianity? On policies. A concordat was signed with the Roman the contrary this inquiry seems to be based on a Catholic Church. Plans were also formulated to new philosophy of life and religion. The work of unite the Protestant forces in a German Evan- Foreign Missions apparently was not studied by gelical Church under a Reich-bishop, with a cabthis Commission to see if it harmonizes with the inet of three bishops and a legal adviser to repre- Spirit and teachings of Christ and His Apostles sent the three synods of the new organizationbut to discover whether it coincides with modern the old Prussian Union, the Lutheran and the thought and methods. In other words, the teachings and examples of Christ and the New Testa- Reformed. ment are nowhere definitely recognized as the It was inevitable that in a Church so highly na-

tionalized the anti-semitic policies of the State erecting a racial law as a prerequisite of Chrisshould find expression in its administration. The tian communion. But in doing so, i~ loses Christ sudden rise to power of a group within the Ger- Himself who is the goal of even this human purely man Evangelical Church, known as "Deutsche temporal law. The Christian Church cannot deny Christen," or "German Christians," brought into to any Christian brother the Christian communion the church the Aryan or Teutonic principles which he seeks." adopted by the government. The resentment of the protesting pastors was The Nazi program of "racial purity," designed further intensified by a meeting of the "German to eliminate non-Aryans – more specifically Jews Christians" in Berlin on November 15, when ex- -from positions of leadership and to install Ger- tremists within the group voiced their purpose to mans in their places, was adapted to the Church, rid the German Christian religion of everything and this policy found formal expression at a meet- distinctively Jewish, which included the rejection ing of the Old Prussian Union Synod on Septem- of the Old Testament, the bringing of the New ber 6, 1933, when the following article was placed Testament into accord with German ideals, and in the new constitution: the restoration to the German people of their own ancient folk religion as more in keeping with the "Persons of non-Aryan descent or married to German spirit. persons of non-Aryan descent may not be admitted to the office of pastor or employed in the A New Protestant Movement general church administration. Pastors and officers who are married to persons of non-Aryan The celebration of the four hundred and fiftieth descent are to be released." anniversary of the birth of Martin Luther on No- vember 19, furnished the occasion for 3,000 Ger- The hardship of this regulation is greatly en- man Evangelical pastors to voice their open relarged since "persons of non-Aryan descent" in- bellion against the dictatorship of the State in clude all who have one parent or grandparent of matters of faith, and their protests against the Jewish blood. All such are classed as Jews, and "pagan" pronouncements of the "German Chrissuffer the disabilities meted out to the Jewish peo- tians." Through their organization, the "League ple. Already three hundred pastors who come of Opposition Clergy," which embraces the most within this category have been released. distinguished, most scholarly, and most respected pastors in the German Evangelical Church, an But not all Lutheran and Reformed pastors ultimatum was presented to Reich-bishop Ludwig have been swept from their traditional Protestant Mueller demanding the removal of Bishop Hosmoorings by the tidal wave of anti-semitic hysteria senfelder, head of the "German Christians," for that has taken possession of the ruling party in permitting the Berlin meeting, and especially for Germany. Three thousand pastors of the Ger- failing to rebuke the "pagan" utterances of those man Evangelical Church have refused to sur- who participated. render to the State the essential Protestant prerogatives that have obtained in Germany since the An unparalleled element of surprise in this days of Luther – freedom of conscience and the spiritual autonomy of the Church. Especially is struggle for the maintenance of the Evangelical the exclusion of Christian Jews from the fellowship of the Church condemned as a betrayal of faith in Germany has been the support received Christ Himself. from the leaders of the Roman Catholic Church. Superintendent Dibelius, speaking in the Garrison Church at Potsdam on the occasion of the Sweeping aside age-long grudges, the Roman assumption of power by Hitler, said, pointing to the figure of Christ on the altar: "If He who is Catholic newspaper, Germania, declared: "This represented on this cross on this altar is not the Son of God, but merely the representative of the fight is not an internal Protestant matter. We Nordic race, then take away this cross, pull down this church, we remain lost mortals chained to our Catholics cannot afford to sit coolly or gloatingly humanity." by. Belief in Christ-the thing that Protestant- Dr. Karl Barth, the eminent theologian, declares: "If the German Evangelical Church ex- ism and Catholicism have in common – is at cludes Jewish Christians, or treats them as inferior, it is no longer a Christian Church." In stake." an appeal to the ministers of the Old Prussian Union by the leading divines of Berlin, the fol- What the outcome of this new battle for Protlowing statement was made: "The exclusion of Jewish Christians from our communion of wor- estant principles in Germany will be cannot now ship would mean that the excluding Church is be foretold. A crisis is imminent. The revolt against the "neo-Germanic heathendom" has be- come so tense and far-reaching that some of the leaders of the Evangelical party feel that a new Reformation movement has already come to birth.

The sympathy of evangelical Christians through- out the world will be with the intrepid band of German Evangelicals who are fighting nobly for the right to preach the Gospel of Christ without limitation. J. S. CONNING.

Fraser of

-.-I!!{ By the REV. MILLAR PATRICK, D.D., I Edinburgh, Scotland Vice· Convenor of the Foreign Mission Committee of the Church of Scotland T HE missionary cause lost one of its brightest sionary Movement, which was deeply moving the ornaments by the death on August 16 of the colleges of America. It was in the nature of Rev. Donald Fraser, D.D., organizing secre- things that Fraser should be one of the first to be'

tary for foreign missions of the Church of Scot- caught in the net which Wilder cast. For he was land, ex-Moderator of the Church, chaplain to the a Celt, imaginative, romantic, keen of vision, and King, but best known as one of the most outstand- deeply spiritual. There was wonderful material ing of missionaries to Africa. A Scot of the Scots, in his nature, just waiting for the kindling spark he was yet an international figure, well known in that would set it ,gloriously aflame for God. Be- the churches of three con- fore he heard Wilder speak tinents, and beloved wher- the spark had fallen. With ever he was known. other students he had gone Donald Fraser was born to Keswick for the Conven- in 1870 at Lochgilphead, a tion there in 1891. His little town nestling in a faith was still somewhat in- nook of Loch Fyne, which is definite, but before the pro- one of the long arms which ceedings had far advanced, the Firth of Clyde thrusts he heard God speak to him far up into the highlands of and went through a deep Argyll. In his early years spiritual experience t hat Scotland was being swept prepared him for his call.

by one of the most fruitful Through Wilder the call of all the revivals it has was heard, and at once his ever known. His father, life was surrendered to God a minister of the F r e e for missionary service.

Church, was heart and soul Fraser's divinity course in the movement, and his was never completed. In fervid eloquence was one of 1893, on the suggestion of the chief means of spread- J. H. Maclean, a fellow-stu- ing it in the west. So dent, now a distinguished Donald saw, in the congre- DR. DONALO FRASER missionary and protagonist gation w her e he was of Christian Union in South brought up, such fruits of the Spirit that there India, he was appointed traveling secretary of the was born in him that unbounded faith in the Student Volunteer Union for Great Britain. At quickening and renewing power of God which was once he was recognized as a man of rare power.

one of the forces that governed him to the end. He had in a high degree the Scotch fervor which Sent to Glasgow for education, he passed distinguishes the finest of his race, intensified by through the high school and the university to the the pure fire enkindled by the Divine Spirit. He theological college of the Free Church, then had signal gifts of leadership, energy, courage, thronged by brilliant men who" were afterwards tact, determination, and the golden tongue of an to attain high distinction in the home Church and orator. He had need of these gifts, for he faced in the foreign field. Distinction in his classes a difficult task. Heads of colleges were unwilling there was none, but from the first it was recog- to encourage a religious movement which had not nized that he was a man of rare endowments. yet had time to justify itself, and students were When he was midway through his divinity course, unresponsive. Sometimes Fraser would a,sk in a Robert P. Wilder crossed the Atlantic to tell college for a Christian student who might be used British students of the Student Volunteer Mis- as a leader, to be told that so far as was known [ 9]

there was not one. But in spite of discouraging dent's conference at Stellenbosch, the Dutch stucircumstances he did notable work in laying dent centre, and to carry the torch of evangelism soundly the foundations of the now great and and missionary enthusiasm through the student trusted Student Christian Movement in Great communities of that land. That experience made Britain. This part of his work was crowned by his name one to conjure with in the sub-continent, his chairmanship of the first great Quadrennial so that when he returned nearly thirty years later International Conference of the Movement at (in 1925) for a united missionary campaign, he Liverpool in 1896. His presidency was a triumph. found all doors open to him and all pulpits at his He revealed himself as a master of assemblies, service. The Bishop of Johannesburg said: "He gracious, dexterous, humorous, conquering every- was one of those who by their very life bring the body by the winsomeness of his spirit, and above union of Christians nearer. I could never find in our discussionsthat our views varied in any essen- MRS. DONALD FRASER tial matter. He had as strong a sense of the real presence of the Lord as 1. But then he was always all by that indefinable, magnetic, spiritual quality conscious of Him, for Christ was his life." in which others recognize the indubitable touch of God. Donald Fraser was a born missionary. From the beginning of his work in Livingstonia his After the Liverpool Conference he visited the unique power made itself felt. He had uncommon continent of Europe – to France, Switzerland, intellectual gifts – imagination, a power of sym- Germany, and the Scandinavian countries – stir- pathetic understanding amounting almost to diring the stagnant spiritual life of the universities vination, constructive ideas and courage to turn and awakening missionary interest. His visit was them into action, and a persuasiveness of speech so quickening that it has been definitely ranked as which few found it possible to resist. He was an historic event in continental religious life. "one of nature's gentlemen" but he was more; his was the courtesy of Christ. To young mission- Later in the same year (1896) he set out for aries he used to say, "The more you can observ~ Livingstonia, the great mission in Nyasaland the Golden Rule, the greater will be your chance which had been undertaken by the Free Church of success." He had earned the right to say that, of Scotland in direct response to Livingstone's for he had tried the Rule out in every kind of cirhistoric appeal for the unevangelized and slavery- cumstance, and found it to be the law of practical ridden natives of Central Africa. On the way wisdom_ But his power lay also in a charm which Fraser was detained in South Africa, whither his was of the very essence of his spirit. The most fame had traveled before him, to preside at a stu- fastidious of European audiences and the most re- fractory of African chiefs alike fell under its spell. The natives called him Chisekeseke, "the man who smiles with everybody." The smile was an emanation of personality, the outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace. All who saw it beam on them were aware of a warmth of kindliness flowing out to them and enfolding them. Even before intelligible speech was possible be- tween them, the Africans understood that here was a man who had them in his heart.

First stationed at Ekwendeni to relieve a mis- sionary on furlough, Fraser found himself among "the wild Ngoni," a warlike, virile, intelligent, at- tractive people, physically superb, and responsive to friendliness. An early experience suggested another spirit. Out in the bush one day he en- countered a band of warriors, in the full panoply of their fighting array, coming towards him. If he guessed that their intention was hostile, who could blame him? But it was really pacific. They came as messengers from their people at Hora to ask why he had not come to settle among them, since their need was great.

Such an appeal was irresistible, and as soon as he was free. to do so, to Hora he went. There had

DONALD FRASER OF LIVINGSTONIA

been a mISSIOn station there before, but it was people unless it were translated into the idiom of derelict, and he had to build everything up from their own modes of thought, and interwoven with the foundation. But it was not there that his their own traditionary practices. Song and game great work was to be done. The people under eco- and tribal dance were not tabooed, but were nomic pressure had to move. In search of grass- cleansed, born anew, and baptized into the cult of land they left that district and trekked southward. Christ. In this way he secured that the Church that was growing up under him would not be alien THE CHURCH AT LOUDON to the people, but molded by their own genius, The whole cost of the building, which accommodates about having distinctive African elements in its wor- 2,500, was less than £1,000 and was mostly erected by free ship. Thus it has become in the best sense a na- labor. tive church. Already it has come, through the fires of great spiritual awakenings, to have its Fraser went with them and settled where they own definite spiritual inheritance and its own roll settled, founding among them the great station of saints. which he called Loudon, in memory of a friend of David Livingstone, and now inseparably asso- Fraser's marriage in 1901 to Dr. Agnes Fraser, ciated with his own name. daughter of one of Scotland's missionary states- men, greatly increased his usefulness. She han One of Fraser's first tasks was to make the been a secretary of the Student Movement and desert blossom as the rose. In the dry season he was wholly one with him in spirit, able also, and got the people to throw a dam across a dry tor- rich in attractive personal gifts. Under her, the rent bed, and when the rains came the water hospital at Loudon flourished. She bore her husformed a beautiful lake. Here was a permanent band company on many of his journeys, caring for water supply in what had been a dry and thirsty his own health and ministering to the people, beland. Next he carried out a simple but effective sides undertaking many necessary professional system of irrigation. Trees were planted ann journeys of her own among the villages, where the fruits grew luxuriantly. Seeds were brought rate of mortality was very high before she came from the coast and sown, and for the first time the to heal and teach hygiene. natives saw gardens producing flowers and fruit. It is said that the missionary's children, in due THE CONGREGATION A,SSEMBLING OUTSIDE THE CHURCH time, grumbled at having strawberries and cream A congregation of 7,000 can be addressed without much effort. every day, and asked for rice pudding by way of a change. A new breed of hens was introduced Fraser's own toils were unceasing. His field and the natives, to their amazement, saw the size was continually expanding and covered 2,000 of eggs doubled. square miles, with a population of 150,000. Con- stant itineration was necessary. He had nearly Donald Fraser was the sanest and most prac- 200 schools to visit, and it cost him 3,000 miles of tical of idealists. Frontal attack' on the pagan marching to go round among them once a year. ideas of the people was not enough. Their minds There were 370 teachers in the end, and over must be patiently besieged on every side. Every 10,000 scholars. The Christian community grew civilizing influence must be called in to support to 11,000 souls, with a church session of 70, and a the central appeal of the Gospel, if the garrison deacons' court of 70 more. The great church he of superstitions in possession of the people's hearts built accommodated 2,500 people, but at comwas to be conquered and cast out. There must munion times it was quite inadequate. A platform also be discrimination between hurtful things in the ideas and customs of the people, which must of necessity be discarded, and the relatively innocuous things, which might be purified and preserved. It is never good mission policy to make the rupture with tradition too sudden and complete. Fraser realized that the new faith he wanted to commend would not capture or hold the

had then to be built outside, and round it as many evident, too, that his health could not much longer as 7,000 people would gather, seating themselves stand the strain of unsparing labor in the midas our Lord's audiences did, on the green grass. African climate; he was with increasing fre- quency prostrated by malaria. So, in 1925 he was The influence of the mission, however, was not called to Scotland to spend the remaining years of to be measured only even by such remarkable fig- his life in such work as only he could do for the ures as these. The whole community responded quickening of the home Church's spiritual life and to it. Gradually the evils associated with polyg- the deepening of its missionary spirit. He was amy, magic and drunkenness diminished, and the inexhaustible in ideas and had the rare faculty of general standard of morality rose. It was owing getting others to believe in them and support to the great influence of Fraser and his colleagues them. In two directions his unique power over that in 1904 the annexation of Ngoniland was people was particularly evident. Hard-headed peacefully accomplished. Till then the people had business men had an unlimited belief in him, and been grievously exposed to wrongs for which there were willing to back him with liberal financial was no redress at the hands of unprincipled help. To this persuasive influence was due the traders and filibusters. Protection against these Lovedale Bible School and the development of was secured when the country was brought under medical missions in the Church of Scotland'l;l the reign of law. It is significant of the complete South African field. No less marked was his intrust which the chiefs and their people reposed in fluence with young people. He was inextinguishthe missionaries that the annexation was accom- ably young in spirit, and his humor and gaiety, as plished by the British Commissioner unattended well as his romantic record and his manifestly by any kind of escort, standing alone among thou- consecrated spirit, gave him a kingdom over the sands of tribesmen armed as though for battle. heart of the youth of the Church which was all his own. The physical strain of Fraser's labors was tremendous. He toiled habitually far beyond his His last great enterprise was a Forward Movestrength. Yet when his furloughs came, they ment in the reunited Church of Scotland. Organ– meant no rest for him. He had sometimes books ized with all his unequalled thoroughness and skill, to write; entrancing books in first-rate English, it made a wide and deep impression. Only last with a journalist's unerring eye for picturesque June it closed with a great Church Congress at detail. His first book, "The Future of Africa," Troon. There, though illness was upon him, his was followed by "Winning a Primitive People," face shone with happiness. The closing address, "African Idylls," and "The Autobiography of an given by himself, was on Christlikeness. Every- African Chief." He also produced many pam- one felt that better than even his own eloquent phlets, and was a frequent contributor to British and moving speech, his personality let the listeners and American periodicals. His vivid letters from see the beautiful and subduing thing signified by the field whetted the appetite of people at home for that word. To the present writer Dr. T. R. Glover what he could tell them in equally vivid and en- turned one day and said, "Did you ever know a thralling speech. No missionary could command man of such perfect charm?" So everyone felt such great or eager audiences, and none was so about him, and equally everyone knew that though little able to withstand appeals for his services. there were natural elements in it, in a singular On one furlough he visited America, and came combination of attractive gifts, the ultimate exback so much on fire with enthusiasm for the mis- planation of that charm was that Fraser was a sion study movement that he was kept at home great Christian, and that it was the Christ in his for a year to propagate it among the Scottish heart that gave the winsomeness and the beauty churches. In another furlough he organized a to his life. great nation-wide missionary campaign, in which he brought all branches of the Church in Scotland Scotland will long remember Donald Fraser as into harmonious cooperation. one of the most lovable and beloved men of his generation; as a man great in his friendships and These activities made a deep impression on loyalties; as one whose name deserves to rank Scotland. Fraser became a national figure and the with the most distinguished of the missionary feeling grew that a man of such proved powers heroes of his race, and above all, as a valiant was needed at home to organize his own Church's soldier of Jesus Christ. missionary interest and effort. It was becoming NEW STRENGTH FOR NEW TASKS Fifty years ago it was not as difficult as it is now to keep the church members spiritually minded. There were not the modern distractions to keep people from church or to divert their thoughts from spiritual impressions made when they did attend. There were no automobiles, no movies, no radio, no apartment houses, no Sunday excursions, no golf courses, no baseball or football, no Sunday newspapers that had any remote resemblance to the mammoth sheets of today. If, from a spiritual point of view, the times in which we are living are worse than they were fifty years ago our safeguard lies in strengthening our souls with greater power of spiritual resistance and counteract- Charles L. Fry. ing prevalent evils by the power of Christ in us.

Missionary an Evangelist*

I -e{ By the late DONALD FRASER of Livingstonia Ji- EVERY effort to present Jesus Christ to men of drudgery, than in spiritual fashion to present is, I judge, an evangelistic attempt. But we Jesus Christ. And yet I am quite sure that the must be very careful that it is the whole daily presentation of Jesus Christ in an honest Christ whom we are presenting to the non-Chris- fashion never interferes with our efficiency. I do tian world, and not part. I do not think the whole not believe, for example, that a man engaged in Christ is presented simply by the proclamation of training apprentices has any right to interrupt His Gospel through the lips. When Christ is pre- the work by reading the Bible during working sented and received, the whole individual and so- hours; but when a man is full of the spirit of cial life of the person will be affected. We should Christ, he will find opportunities all day long and never hinder any free expression of the spirit of every day for presenting Christ to those who are Jesus Christ, or put any limit on philanthropic under his care.

work. I cannot think that any hospitals are There was a carpenter who worked at my sta- started merely as a means of getting men to come tion for a year, and he had thirty apprentices in where we may preach to them or that schools under him. When he went Home, there was not are started that scholars may be compelled to one of those apprentices who did not profess al- listen to Bible lessons. When Jesus Christ comes legiance to Christ, and yet he did no less efficient into a man's heart, He creates such a spirit of or less earnest work as a carpenter than the best brotherhood with the whole world, that we can- commercial carpenter who was working only for not bear to see suffering and ignorance without money. I think of two institutions in Africa for an attempt to relieve that suffering and enlighten the training of teachers, both well developed edu- that ignorance. "The works that I do in my Fa- cational institutions. In one I do not think proper ther's name," said Jesus Christ, "they bear wit- emphasis is laid on the presentation of Jesus ness of me." I think that a free expression of Christ to the pupils. In one of the out-stations the spirit of Jesus Christ, day by day, should al- supplied with teachers from this institution the ways be encouraged, and if there be any that are missionary in charge told me that he had just sick, that is sufficient reason for philanthrop"ic sent to it for a few more teachers, but was com- work. pelled to add: "Don't send us any drunkards."

But philanthropic work by itself cannot evan- The other institution is even more efficient edu- gelize the world. There are government colleges cationally, but here the men are impressed with in India, where education of the best sort may be the conviction that there is no permanent char- had; and yet they only turn out moral theorists acter except that which is founded on Jesus and philosophic visionaries; a sort of speculative Christ: that the only efficient teacher for the re- philosophy is about all they attain in the way of a generation of Africa is the man who has come religious system…… Neither education, nor into living touch with Christ. A man from that philanthropic effort, nor even the strongest dis- institution is inspired with missionary zeal and cipline will regenerate a nation. These things are is qualified in every way to teach. He not only right, and they must be done. It is not the expres- teaches his classes thoroughly, but he uses every sion of the spirit of Christ that regenerates, but spare moment for spreading the Gospel. I do not the Spirit Himself. We have to see that in all believe intense religious fervor hinders efficient our efforts there is no hiding of the living Christ; work; on the contrary, it renders men more faith- let it appear plainly that we try to bring men and ful and more competent, and it develops in them women into touch with the living Christ. higher qualities than they would otherwise have.

I fear that this is often forgotten. We become The apostle Paul was consecrated to the idea of so busy with the details of our work that we for- preaching continually the Gospel of God's forgive- get the main object. It is ten times easier to be ness. He preached publicly and daily from house faithful in business than it is to be spiritually to house, but that put no limit on the type of work faithful. It is ten times easier to do the hard work he did. He himself, in speaking of his manual labor, says that he did it in order that he might vil~e~~:ndn~~e~: ~~~x~red at the Student Volunteer Convention, Nash- be an example to them in all things, and he speaks [ 13]

of his life so being spent that he might be a man of the life he led-how he was not only a preacher approved of God. He did not think that his mis- and evangelist, but a teacher with a vast number sion was finished after the mere theoretical ex- of subsidiary schools under his supervision; a pression of the Gospel of forgiveness; but he pre- translator of the Scripture into the native dialect, sented in every way-by his words and by his life toiling with grammar and Hebrew roots and Greek -the unspeakable riches of God. His Gospel goes tenses; a big-game hunter to provide meat with on with the presentation of Jesus Christ, until his gun for his followers while on his endless jour- Christ is formed in man. neys (he had to travel 2,000 miles to visit all his If we keep strongly before us the purpose to schools); a magistrate and representative of the present Jesus Christ day by day, we will find that British Government to put down slave-raiding and the whole day is full of marvelous opportunities to preserve law and order; a mechanic to instruct to do evangelistic work – among the fields, in the natives in all manner of useful crafts, an engi- schools, among patients, we will find opportunities neer to build a reservoir to provide a perennial constantly of dropping a word here and there, of supply of fresh water (his knowledge of how to saying something and doing something which will build the dam, he confessed to me, was derived help to reveal the living Christ to those who come from an article in "The Encyclopredia Britan- in contact with us. Our days will be full of op- nica" 1); an agriculturist and farmer to increase portunities for presenting Jesus Christ to an un- the food for the great native population (he ar- evangelized world. It is when men have forgotten ranged with the chiefs to wring the necks of every this, that the loving Jesus alone regenerates- scraggy fowl in the country and to receive in ex- then they begin to leave mission work and turn change a breed of hens which would double the into ambassadors, or traders, thinking they can output of eggs t); a Plague Inspector and Health do more for the world by entering into some sec- Officer, introducing modern methods of stamping ular profession. They become shriveled up. But out disease, a task in which he was nobly assisted when a man is wholly dedicated to God, there is. by his wife, who was a qualified doctor, etc., etc.

no limit to his opportunity of preaching Christ. He made full proof of his ministry, and in this He can live Christ day by day, so that his life be- way he made a deep mark on Africa. By his help comes a daily proclamation of the attractions and in delimiting frontiers, and in winning the con- power of Christ to everyone who come into con- sent of the natives to be included in the Nyasa- tact with him. This, after all, must be the true land Protectorate, he earned the gratitude of suc- fulfilment of our evangelism, that we shall seek cessive Governors, notably that of Sir Alfred to live in Jesus Christ, so that those who meet with Sharpe.

us may learn to know our Lord. His statesmanlike wisdom and comprehensive A Tribute by Rev. G. A. Frank Knight, D.D. outlook brought him into close contact with leaders in the political world who were dealing with the Donald Fraser was one of Scotland's ripest problems of the native races. With General Smuts saints, exhibiting a passion for Christ and a con- and General Hertzog he conferred on matters afsecration of life and character that humbled me fecting white and black in Africa, and his experiand filled me with a reverent wonder. The frag- ence and sanity of judgment did much to shape rance of his gracious spirit and the beauty of his public opinion. His influence on the Dutch Re- Christ-filled life made him universally beloved. It formed Church of South Africa was profound. was given to him, more than to any other Church If today that Church is full of missionary fervor, leader, to inspire despondent hearts with a new the transformation of its inner spirit is due not a trust in God, to invigorate the missionary energies little to the strenuous pleading of Donald Fraser. of congregations, and to fan into a holy flame a new zeal for upbuilding the Kingdom of God. The secret of all his abounding zeal and fruitful When he entered on his missionary career in toil is traceable to the fact that in his early Glas- Livingstonia his work was increasingly remark- gow days Donald Fraser passed through a pro- able. His buoyant spirit carried him through the found spiritual experience. From the whole- hardest tasks, and he soon proved himself to be hearted dedication of his soul to Christ there one of the "great" missionaries of which Africa sprang all the rich fruitage of a life that has has possessed so many. I have heard him describ- brought blessing to multitudes.-From the "Brit- ing in his inimitable way the wonderful variety ish WeeklY."

"It takes mighty good stuff to be a missionary of the right type, the best stuff there is in the world. It takes a good deal of courage to break the shell and go 12,000 miles away to risk an unfriendly climate, to master a foreign language, to adopt strange customs, to turn aside from earthly fame and emolument, and, most of all, to say good-bye to home and the faces of the loved ones, virtually forever." THEODORE ROOSEVELT.

Unrepentant Missionary*

By LILLIAN L. PICKEN, B.~ Jilc-~- Satara, Bombay Pres., India I ONE question comes up again and again: asked to do ushering, arrange recreation, plan ex- Why are you a missionary? Twenty-five cursions, etc.; but this girl said, "We will have years ago when I was in a Y. W. C. A. meetings every day at noon, do our business, and Student Conference in Colorado, a young lady then have prayer." She had written to every said to me, "You can't be a student volunteer; state secretary in those ten states and had a list you're no pious stick; why do you want to be a of the leading girls from each state who came up missionary?" Five years ago, when I was on a there with no idea of a religious conference. We train from Boston to New York, a gentleman, prayed for those girls that they might find Jesus about sixty-five years old, sat down beside me. Christ; we prayed day by day and we saw mir- He found out that I was a mis- acles happen right there. There sionary and said, "Heavens! were two girls at that first con- What are you a missionary Why do well educated, am- ference, one was a professing for ?" bitious, attractive young men Christian, and the other was and young women leave their 1 am a missionary first and not. There was a prayer room foremost because when sixteen friends, homes and good op- but everyone took their quiet I saw a life transformed. A portunities in America to hour out in the woods. These friend, who was a little older work among foreign peoples, two girls thought it was too re- than I, was an attractive girl with many hardships in diffi- ligious and they decided to but was self-centered and self- cult fields? Are they moved leave. Every leader begged ish. She went away to the Uni- by a spirit of adventure, by a them not to go and asked us of versity and came back in her moderissiwgreuhiadtteo?d ascSeqonumtiierme aermneetarreiltsi,tslmebsys- the Recreation Committee to junior year, shining and ra- pray for them. We all prayed diant. I hardly knew her; I and disappointed. What is that they should not leave, but looked to see if she wouldn't the secret of the difference? they packed their suit cases, snap back to the old Susie, bilt Read what an ambitious and went right past where we she was a new Susie. She had young woman says of her ex- were praying for them and on- something to tell me. She had perience. You will find there to the train. They got on the brought home a Bible outline an answer to these questions. train, but before it pulled out, and had come in contact with the girl that was not a Chris- Christ and wanted me to have tian turned to the other and the same experience; but 1 wasn't going to do it. said, "I can't go." They got off that train and When she had gone back to the University, 1 came back. We went on praying for them. When couldn't get away from the fact that she was dif- those two girls got into their room, the girl who ferent. Finally one day 1 knelt down and said, was not a Christian said to the other, "Does Jesus "God, if there is any power in Heaven or earth mean anything to you? We've been friends for that will change a life as that girl's has been two years and you have never mentioned Him to changed, please give me that power." me. If He means anything to you, tell me about You can't pray a prayer like that, if you mean it." The other girl said, "He does mean some- it, without something happening. 1 was pretty thing to me, but He hasn't meant enough to me to self-conscious about prayer and Bible study every talk about Him. These other people seem to have morning but 1 got something-yes, and Christ got something in their lives, so let's find out what it me, too. 1 went to a Y. W. C. A. conference the is." Those two girls went away from that con- next year and 1 saw this work by the laboratory ference radiant. for they had found Christ.

method of prayer, Bible study and personal work. At that conference 1 heard J. Lovell Murray The next summer 1 was on the Recreational give a series of lectures on the need for teachers, Committee with a big girl from Texas. We were doctors, nurses and social workers in America as —~ compared with the need in the Orient and in the Moslem World 1 was quite dumbfounded' he Oct•oAbCI l' a2d9d,re1s9s33g,-iven in the rnited :Iissionary Conferences, Sunday, ., [15 ]

had some simple charts with the number of pupils we could find. When we finished this study I per teacher, and the number of patients per doc- found that I could pray. In the third chapter of tor. In America the number of doctors was one Ephesians, 14th to 21st verses, is the most satisin a hundred so that everybody could get to a fying prayer I know to bring anyone into contact doctor if they needed one. The number of teachers with God. was enough so that everybody could go to school if they wanted to study. In China and India there Next, I studied the promises. I wrote down were a million women to every woman doctor. It every promise Jesus made so as to see what He seemed to me that if I had just one life to invest, wants a life to be. Then I looked at my life and I naturally wanted to invest it in the place where I thought: What's the matter? I went back and it would count the most. After I heard those lec- found that a condition is attached to every promtures, I went into the woods and read the sixth ise; so I began trying to fulfill the conditionschapter of Isaiah where the young man told of I am still learning. his vision of God and heard the voice of God. I had never realized before that God had need of us A friend of rhine was worrying about the deity to do His work. We can't hear His voice when of Christ. I said to her: "Why take other peowe are so busy thinking about ourselves. We must ples' words; let's see what Jesus Himself said. let Him cleanse our lips and lives with fire. When So we wrote down everything Jesus said about Isaiah had received that cleansing he said, "Here Himself. Any man who could make such claims am I, send me." I gave that same answer that must be either a fool, a deluded man who thinks morning; there didn't seem anything else to do. he can do all this, or a cunning deceiver, who hopes I heard God saying, "Whom shall I send and whp by his deception to lure men to higher levels of will go for us," and I merely said, "Here am I, living, or else He must be what He says He is. send me." You can take your choice; I took mine! I have gone on with that method of Bible study and find I wanted to go to China for six years, and I it the most helpful thing in my experience; measended up in India. I loved the Chinese people; uring my life constantly with that Life which is they have so much backbone; the Indians have the very window in the heart of God. some other good qualities. If God shuts one door, that is all right. The point is to be willing to go In India, a group Of us were in the villages dowherever He wants you to go. ing evangelistic work, giving out medicines, going to homes, singing these wonderful hymns of Tilak, Bible Study that Means Something having meetings, showing pictures of the life of Christ. Somebody in our group quarreled; every- Something that has meant a great deal to me one took sides; but then we would go out and through these years, both before I went to the mis- preach and come home and not speak to each sion field and after, is the kind of applied Bible other. One day I said, "We are not going out tostudy suggested by Louise Holmquist some years day; we are not going to do any teaching, give any ago. It is this: "Take your need, whatever it is, medicine, or anything. Get your Bibles and we and go to the New Testament with it and you will will read through the four Gospels and see what find light on it." I think there is no human prob- we can find about forgiveness." I had often read lem that can come into your life on which you can- the whole New Testament but I had never seen not find some help in that way. You do not need forgiveness in the light I saw it then. Later we anything but a Bible, notebook, pencil. time, and went around to visit some villages. The mud was an open mind. If you will take those five things a foot deep but finally it dried up and we packed and go to the Bible, you will get help. our tents and went on to the next place. The next day the Christians were down where the Brah- But what I needed most was prayer. I was :it mans wash themselves and some of the Brahmans very young Christian; I felt foolish when I tried said to them: to pray; I hadn't any prayer vocabulary, so my cousin and I started to study prayer. We got up "We are sorry you are going; you have given at five in the morning and read for an hour. We us medicine; you have helped take care of our copied all we could find in the Bible about prayer. children; you have showed us pictures of your First of all, we studied the praying people: What Christ and told us wonderful stories about Him. kind of people were they? What kind of prayers We will probably forget much of what you have did they pray? What results did they get? Am told us; we may forget kind things you have done; I using that kind of prayer '/ Then we studied we may forget the medicine you gave us, but one Jesus at prayer. If Jesus needed to pray, I must thing we cannot forget." need to pray, too. After that we looked up and wrote down all the teachings about prayer in the "What is that?" we asked. New Testament. We wrote down all the prayers "We shall never be able to forget how you Christians love one another," they replied. "We have watched you for three weeks in this hard,

AN UNREPENTANT MISSIONARY

difficult time and we have never heard a cross belated copy, fourteen strong men came to the door word spoken among you. The men carry the of the tent and said, "Peace be to you." I am water for the women, and you are all so happy to- afraid I said a little impatiently, "Peace be to gether." you; will you sit down in the shade of the banyan Do you think that Bible study was worth while? tree for a little bit, then I will talk to you." In I assure you that it was. If there is any bitter- India they are usually willing to stay all day, and ness among you, I commend that Bible study to night too for that matter. They said, "Peace be you. to you. We can not sit down; we are farmers and In India the doctors tell us that we must lie this is harvest. We have left the men in the field down for one hour during each day, if we are to and have walked ten miles. We hear you are tell- keep from breaking down. One day I was inter- ing about a God of love."

rupted six times in my rest hour. Then a seventh That article I was writing never reached the man came and wanted to see me. I threw the printer that year. I talked until after midnight door open and said, "What do you want?" There with strong men who can only earn four or five was a villager who had something on his heart 'or six cents a day but who still felt it worthwhile that he wanted to ask me, but he just stood there. to· come ten miles to talk to a woman who knew Then he asked for something or other; I got it about a God of love. India cares more about God for him; he said, "Salaam," and away he went. than anything else.

After he left, I had a vision of my Lord whom I India is asking of us: "Do you know God 1"

was representing in India, and I had a feeling of What is our answer? Can we honestly give them deep contrition. I went to the Gospels and copied the joyous answer, "Yes, we do know God; He is down every time our Lord was interrupted. I the power in our lives, the motive force"? If found that those who interrupted him were of we have not had such an experience, how dare we three kinds: those who knew what they wanted go as missionaries?

and came for it; those who didn't know what they Are we passing on our knowledge of God to wanted, but were curious and groping; and those everybody that comes into contact with our lives?

who came to badger him, to trip him up. I noticed We bear the name of Him who said, "The water that nobody ever interrupted Jesus without get- that I give unto thee shall be a well of water ting something good; they either got the power springing up eternally." Have you had that ex- of God to heal, cleanse or forgive, some teaching perience? You can get it. of God, or some real value straight from the heart of God. Then I started in to treat my interrup- What kind of Christians do the people of India tions in Jesus' way and I have learned much. become if they come into this vital contact with That kind of study is tremendously helpful. Go Christ? I want to tell you about a little group to Jesus and you will get light; if you are willing of Christians in Satara. There are about one hun- to obey it, you will grow. dred in the group. A third of them are too young Is It Worth While? to be earners; the others earn from twenty to forty dollars a month. They have a self-support- I have been a missionary for nineteen years. Is ing church; they give money to the British and it worth while? A lot of young people today are Foreign Bible Society and when there is a special asking what right have we to send missionaries need, they give to that also. They have even sent to lands that already have such wonderful philos- money to America to the Mississippi Flood Relief ophies? I assure you I go there with deep respect· and have sent money to Japan to help the earth- in my heart; India has much to give; they have quake sufferers. How do they do it? They tithe.

much to teach us. We are apt to be so self-satis- They believe that God should have at least one- fied with our inventions and machines; we are tenth of everything we get. I never tithed in possessed of our possessions. In India, they America; never had it put up to me by any know how to put what they believe to be first church; but I went there and saw people earning things first. An Indian business man in my town $4.00 a month who were tithing and I felt like a has made a fortune selling motor cars and trac- cheap paper doll. But later I learned the joy of tors; he is nobody's fool, but if you go to his tithing.

office between 11: 00 and 1: 00 you can't see him, That little church in India has a special service because that man is at his prayer and meditation. every Christmas; they put two candles on the I know other business men, lawyers and teachers, table and two candles on the pulpit; then they who get up at 4: 00 a. m., climb to a tower or to stand up and repeat the twenty-third Psalm; a hill in order that they may be there to worship then the procession starts coming up to the altar; God's sunrise. maybe it is led by a little cinnamon brown kiddie Out in a village where I was typing away with with his fist full of rice; the next one has a few the hunt and peck method trying to get out some eggs; one man dumped a bag of peanuts; one man

brought a chicken with its legs tied; he put it be told and these Christians said this is unthinkdown on the peanuts and the chicken started eat- able. The pastor gathered them for prayer every ing the peanuts; the next woman tied a black morning, and when they had prayed for a month, nanny goat to the table – and in India to give a the pastor said I will give another ten per cent. goat that gives milk is a real sacrifice! When Family after family came forward saying, "We they have given their sacrifices, each lights a will give our full tenth and this much more for the candle and then they go out into the side aisles district work. When the sacrifice began, then the singing Christmas carols. Those people heard songs began. If we want to know the glory of that the Board that sends me to India was getting sacrifice, we must share in it. A little widow who too poor to support a missionary in India. The gets about two cents a day brought a half rupee. missionaries had written to their Boards asking The woman who cleans the place for $2.50 a month that salaries be cut. The people in India said, brought a dollar. Finally, a little woman who "We want to be in on this," and they began to teaches sewing, who lost her only son in the give. One little woman, the mother of seven chil- plague of 1923 and is desolate, brought a little dren (nine of them live on $9.00 a month) pledged pink bag. She is not particularly Christian, but a dollar. She came to me last October and said, you may judge what her heart is like. She re- "Give me work during my ten days' vacation so ceived her wages that morning, nine silver rupees that I can earn money to send back to America so and she gave five of them, five-ninths of her sal- . they can keep the missionaries in India." The boys ary, to help the American Christians pay their defin one school hadn't any money but they gave up icit. She said, "Tell them how grateful we are; their dinners for two days a month and sent that how we sympathize now that they are so poor that money to America. Last June they heard that the they can't go on with the work. Somehow I believe worst had come-that missionaries must be with- that God will help them to go on with it." drawn. This meant that the Good News wouldn't How about it? Are we too poor to go on with it?

EXCUSED FROM GIVING TO MISSIONS Those who believe that the world is not lost and does not need a Saviour.

Those who believe that Jesus Christ made a mistake when He said, "Go ye into all the world, and preach the Gospel to every creature."

Those who believe that the Gospel is not the power of God, and cannot save the heathen.

Those who wish that missionaries had never come to our ancestors, and that we ourselves were still heathen.

Those who believe that it is "every man for himself," in this world, and who, with Cain, ask, "Am I my brother's keeper?"

Those who want no share in the final victory of Christ.

Those who believe they are not accounta'Jle to God for the money entrusted to them.

Those who are prepared to accept the final sentence: "Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me." Horace Bushnell.

GO YE THEREFORE By THE LATE AMOS R. WELLS Since the world is dead in sin, go ye therefore; since the Cross has power to win, go ye therefore; since the Devil and his host madly vaunt and ever boast, warring to the farthest coast, go ye therefm·e. Brief the years of mortal life; go ye therefore. Timeless issues end its strife; go ye therefore. Men are passing, early, late, passing to eternal fate, and the season will not wait; go ye therefore. Christ has come, the crucified; go ye therefore. To the souls for whom he died go ye therefore. All his words, his toil, his pain, once are given-not again; let them not be given in vain; go ye therefore. Yours the power to do the work; go ye there- fore. Yours the order, do not shirk; go ye therefore. Christ your comrade goes with you, ever able, ever true; he will see the journey through; go ye therefore. Yours will be a high reward; go ye therefore. Yours the "w.ell done" of the Lord; go ye therefore. Yours the blessed, sweet I renown of the jewels in your crown, yours the home in Glory Town; go ye therefore. GO!

-The Sunday School Times.

We Abandon the Missionaries?

A Variety of Views on the Cause and Cure of Depleted Missionary Support EVERY mission Board reports an alarming de- Are the churches at home going to abandon us and the crease in gifts to missions-both at home and abroad. In some the decline has been as high work? as fifty per cent in the past five years. This means Have they grown tired of the task of supporting fornot only reduction in the living support of the workers on the field but a closing of some stations eign missions? or activities, a lessening of efficiency and a de- Have they lost faith in us as their missionary reprecrease in educational and promotional work in the home church. sentatives? Have they lost faith in Christ and the worthwhileness What is the cause? Is it a general decline in missionary interest, a lack of ability to give or of His work? what? The Rev. A. A. Scott, B.S., of Indore, Have they lost confidence in the Boards that administer India, a missionary of the United Church of Canada, says in a recent letter: the funds?

We can and will endure sacrifice. Weare not afraid to These questions the Editor sent to a number of carry heavy burdens. But we want to know: pastors, business men, women and Board secre- taries in America, with a request for the replies gathered from their knowledge of the home church. The following are some of the answers received to date. They are interesting and il- luminating. Will they help to solve the difficulty and to stop the retreat? EDITOR.

A Call for Courage By GEORGE INNES, Bettendorf, Iowa W E HAD a feeling that all was "quiet along "Yes." the Potomac" last Sunday evening at "How many years have you been an elder?" nine. We had taught a class in Sunday "Thirty-one."

school in the morning, gone to church at eleven, "In how many different congregations have you the minister had preached on "The Perpetuation held that office?" of Calvary." We were at church again in the "Four." evening and heard an eloquent bishop, as a guest "How many people have been adrpitted to mem- speaker, preach hopefully and helpfully. There bership by those four boards of which you were a was no sound in our spiritual ears, that evening member?"

at nine; save the "rush of the river" all was peace- "Oh I couldn't say exactly; probably two thou- ful and good. sand."

Shortly, however, a young man came in; he is "How many of those who are members of our a member of our church. We talked of the oc- congregation now have come into the church currences of the day. He asked: while you have been an elder here?"

"How many were at church this morning?" "Well I would say about a thousand, more or "About three hundred and fifty." less."

"Did you have a good audience for the bishop "What percentage of them attend church, say this evening?" fifty Sundays a year?" .

"Yes, there were about two hundred and fifty." "Oh I would guess maybe ten per cent."

"How many members have we?" "How many are there in our usual morning "About fifteen hundred." audiences ?"

"Well, 'good night.' Two hundred and fifty is "About two hundred and fifty in the summer not a good audience out of fifteen hundred!" months and about three hundred and fifty in the Then this representative of youths' imperti- winter months."

nence proceeded completely to upset our sense of "Well," he said, "that is an average of twenty well-being. He asked a lot of annoying questions, per cent of all the members. What percentage of such as: the members come half the Sundays of the year?"

"You are an elder in our church, aren't you?" "About forty per cent."

[19 ]

"Then we have a real membership, attending nasiums. These things we thought were good, and worship and carrying on, of about six hundred they were. We were having a high old time, Dr. out of fifteen hundred; the other nine hundred Scott, from 1921 to 1929. We went into debt; we rarely ever come and do but little. Is that right?" had to; we couldn't allow the Episcopalians and Methodists and Baptists and Lutherans to get "Yes, I am afraid it is." ahead of us with fine churches and parish houses. "Do they give?" "Some, not a great deal." But the storm came. These debts are hanging & "Are they interested in benevolences?" around our necks yet, $40,000; $50,000; $75,000; "Apparently not much." $100,000; yes, some as high as $200,000. Inter- "Well, what are they good for in the church?" est, $2,500; $3,000; $4,500; $6,000; some can't "I fear they are not much of a help." pay it; few can pay when due. And on top of And here is where this young whipper-snapper that, so far as helping pay debts is concerned, gave me the meanest dig of all: "Did you ever sixty per cent (let us call them the sixty for conturn down or vote against anyone who applied for venience and those that stay be the stuff, the membership ?" forty) have faded out as far as helping on these "No." debts is concerned. In addition to that, the big "Do you think you have been much of an elder toads in all our puddles are "broke"; in some or have done a job to be proud of when, on your cases all of them and in all cases some of them. own admission, two out of every three you have We of the small financial fry never dreamed that admitted are 'flat tire' members?" we would have to pay the debt at all; at least no By nine forty-five we did not feel as we did at great portion of it. We thought that the big felnine last Sunday evening. We didn't even get Seth lows would always be big and they would pay it. Parker; he might jump on us too! Really we in the churches in a degree, were play- ing the same old game that business and politics What are we going to say to your letter of Oc- were playing, namely that thinking we were havtober 2d, Mr. Editor? How can we speak for the ing a grand time spending the other fellow's monmillions of church members in America in answer ey. Now that the bump has come we find it was to such questions as Dr. A. A. Scott of India our own money we were having so much fun with, asks: "Does the failure of the church to give and we never had that much money. more adequate support to missions mean that its members have not money to give? Have they We do not like to think about it. We" like to grown tired of the task? Is the church losing faith talk about "the fool things the big business man in the missionaries? Is the church losing faith in did" and the politician! We like to watch Wall the Boards and the officers of the Boards?" Street squirm. Isn't it wonderful the way we made that goat Wall Street squirm? We would You ask us to help in answering these questions. like to think that our sins in the church were all Will you Mr. Editor, as Moderator, permit us to burned up with that goat too. But you came along, speak directly to Mr. Scott? Twenty-five years Dr. Scott, with this bunch of questions. Is your ago we paid a short visit to India. Among other name really Scott or is it Pecora? Well, at al1 places we were entertained at the home of one of events, we might just as well confess to you as the great missionaries of that day, Dr. Arthur anyone and we will feel better after a good con- Ewing of Allahabad. He sketched to us the way fession. he had seen the work of missions move during the years of his service. Especially do we recall that Maybe, if we had been good elders and wise he told us of the surges that, under certain lead- stewards, we would never have taken on these ers, swept large numbers of people into the church. burdens of debt and overhead. Maybe, we would That was followed by recessions, as other and not have taken into the church two out of three more exacting leaders took charge, and large pro- who strike for cover in the storm; but on the portions of those numbers were swept out again. other hand we all recall that we too at one time It has been somewhat that way in America during were "unprofitable servants." Therefore here we the late long prosperous period that ended four are and we might as well face it. We have three years ago. Church membership increased. You big tasks: To keep our altars here from breaking will note above it did not seem hard to get in. down; to help you missionaries make Christians The wealth of the church increased, or at least from Hindus; and to help our ministers make we thought it did. The scope of the church's ac- Christians of all our church members. Which do tivity tremendously broadened-physically, social- you think is the biggest task of the three? ly, esthetically and athletically. We built beautiful buildings, really cathedrals although not so named. Have we of the forty per cent lost faith in you We set our musical standards high; our artistic -our missionaries? No, not a bit of it. sense was expensive too; we equipped large gym- Have we lost faith in our Boards and leaders? Not at all.

SHALL WE ABANDON THE MISSIONARIES?

We know that there has been sniping from the the four seas and say "Scott, we believe in you." bushes at both of you. Those on the left have It may be quite a while before we can do as much sniped; one understands that; they naturally as we used to do; we may not do as much as we would. And there has been sniping from the right ought to do; but, God helping us, we will do what too, but they really are not sniping at you. We we can. Now, Dr. Scott, give us a helping hand. are not fooled. "They hated Me before they hated Tell us what we can do for the sixty per cent. We you." believed them, when they came before the session and said that they accepted Christ as their Sav- To the sixty per cent, it may have served some- iour. We trusted them when they took the vows what as an excuse, but it is not in any real meas- at the altar. We still believe that they meant it. ure, the cause for their deflection. You ask: "Is We still believe that "no man can pluck them out it that they have not the money to give?" Well, of My Father's hand." Should all the Church of we made quite a case in the earlier part of this Christ have another Jerusalem Conference? Is talk with you on the matter of our financial lim- there a St. James who can pronounce the requireitations, but we still have money for a lot of things ments of church membership for this day? Will that are not as worthwhile as the things you offer he say to them "abstain from meat offered to us. It is very difficult now to measure our devo- idols"? Will they then turn from the meats of tion accurately. Its cross sectional dimension opulence? If he says to abhor "things strangled," would be especially difficult to give but the vertical will they cut the strangle hold of selfish desire? line is as long as ever. It extends from the lowest If at that conference St. James says, "Abhor forlevel we know of human need, to the highest as- nication" will we all find a way out from the lust pirations of our souls, to know the resources of of the world and the pride of life? Take courage, our Saviour. you are not forgotten, Mr. Missionary, and we need you even more than you need us. Weare not "tired of the task." We are not tired of love or of trust or of grace. For our own Have you come to the Red Sea place in your life, sakes we hope that God will never release us from Where, in spite of all you can do, our sense of our need for "the task." Where could we go; what would we do? There is no way out, there is no way back, There is no other way but-through? I live in a city of 60,000. Fifteen years ago the city held the record for the highest bank deposit Then wait on the Lord, with a trust serene, per capita of any city in the United States. Now Tilf the night of your fear is gone. the only unique record we hold nationally is of having the greatest number of suicides of any city He will send the wind, He will heap the floods, in America-50% higher than any other city! I When He says to your soul: "Go on." think it can be shown that not one of these poor victims of despair (and there have been scores of And His hand will lead you through-clear throughthem) were active supporters of Christian mis- Ere the watery walls roll down. sions. No foe can reach you, no wave can touch, We need your faith in us, as we never needed it No mightiest sea can drown. before. Every year about this time for years we made a trip to New York. There we met the late The tossing billows may rear their crests, dear Dr. Harlan P. Beach of Yale. He would Their foam at your feet may break, grasp our hand; his kindly eyes would look into ours; his face was a wreath of smiles; and he But over their bed you will walk dry shod always said: "Innes, I believe in you." It was In the path that your Lord will make. worth a trip to New York for those fifteen seconds of greeting. We want to grasp your hand across In the morning watch, 'neath the lifted cloud, You will see but the Lord alone When He leads you on from the place of the sea To a land that you have not known.

And your fears will pass, as your foes have passed; You will be no more afraid.

You will sing His praise in a better place, A place that His hand has made. -A. J. Flint.

HENRY VAN DYKE'S LAST MESSAGE We must turn to our divine Saviour, Christ. Materialism, gross or refined, is certainly the besetting sin of this age, and to it we owe most of our troubles. Christ attacks the fundamental and harm-working heresy by calling attention to the inevitable fact of death, which strips us· of all material possessions and leaves the soul naked. God says to the foolish man: "This night thy soul shall be required of thee; and the things which thou hast prepared, whose shall they be?" We cannot find or invent a better question than this to put to the souls of men today.

The only lasting values are spiritual. If we lose these, we lose everything. There is no way of recouping that loss, even though a man should gain the whole world for a brief possession and lose his own soul at last. If the preacher no longer believes in the possibility of losing the soul, he is certainly not entitled to call himself a disciple of Christ. It was to save the human souls, great and small, that Jesus came into the world and gave Himself as a divine sacrifice on the cross of Calvary.

Cause and the

By the REV. FRANCIS SHUNK DOWNS, D.D.

Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Berkeley, California SOME years ago I was sharing in the Founders' On the other hand we see the streets filled with Day Exercises at Lafayette College. The brand-new automobiles. Seventy-five thousand chief address was given by the Marquis de people paid to see the California-Southern Cali- Chambrun, direct descendant of the Marquis de fornia football game in Berkeley in October, at a Lafayette, and at that time acting Ambassador rate per capita nearly twice as large as the averfrom France to the United States. Later, at a age gift per year to foreign missions in the Prot- dinner given by the Trustees of the College, in the estant Church. Weeks before the opening of course of our "table talk" together, the Marquis grand opera in San Francisco, every seat was sold. suddenly asked me a question: "What do the peo- There is still money available for selfish pleasure, ple with whom you come in contact, and who are yet one must say that the lack of it among Chris- interested in such things, really think about tian people interested in foreign missions is one France's mandate of Syria? I replied: "Do you of the causes of decreasing missionary budgets.

want me to be polite or to tell the truth?" With a But I would call attention to the fact that the de- most expressive gesture and a ring in his voice, crease began when the country was at the peak he said: "The truth, sir, the truth!" of its material prosperity and not after depression In writing briefly about the decrease in contri- began. One could write an article on this phase of butions to foreign missions, the causes and the the subject alone. remedies, one may follow many writers and 2. Is the decrease due to a lack of interest in spokesmen on foreign missions and be polite with- missions? Yes, in part. Foreign missions have out telling the truth,-or may tell the truth with- always been supported by a minority group. In out being polite. One can try, however, to tell the recent years, the development of the Budget Systruth as he sees it and in a polite and Christian tem and the Every Member Canvass have led spirit. many people to give to the cause chiefly from de- Contributions have fallen off to such an extent nominationalloyalty. Their gifts went merely to and for such a period of years now, that the ques- the "Benevolences of the Church" and were not tions asked by the Rev. A. A. Scott of India are the joyous expression of mind and heart thorboth pertinent and timely. I will confine my dis- oughly informed and enthusiastically committed cussion to the causes and remedies of the present to the Cause itself. The business of making a situation. small fortune through the Stock Exchange or, now 1. Is the decrease due wholly to a lack of mon- that the bubble has burst, the necessity of making ey? No, it is not. But that is partly the cause. a living, has absorbed the energies and interest Everybody has been affected by the depression. of many. Social, economic and industrial ques- If incomes have not suffered, faith and confidence tions near at home, growing out of the crash and have. Thousands of church members who are on the efforts at rehabilitation, have pushed "the small wages and salaries have lost their positions. most Christ-like" cause of the Church off the Others have had to care for relatives and friends center of the stage. Many churches, by action of and they cut "benevolences" first to meet this ob- their trustees often abetted by their ministers and ligation. People of larger means have found their sessions, have centered the interests of the people incomes greatly reduced and have had to reduce chiefly on local self-support. The spirit of local- their gifts considerably. For many in church life, ism, which has always been with us, is in the the law of self-preservation began to operate, and saddle and riding furiously down the middle of the benevolences have been sacrificed for the sake of road. the running expenses. The emphasis on "home Such a spirit hinders the onward march of needs" has seemed to justify the withdrawal or Christianity across the earth as much as anything cutting down of gifts for "foreign needs." The I know. It is the parasite that feeds on the vitality whole psychology aided by the N. R. A. has been of the Church, the drag on its progress, the spirit "national recovery," not international redemp- that hinders its cruising radius, one of the factors tion. . that prevents a church from achieving its world [22 ]

SHALL WE ABANDON THE MISSIONARIES?

mission. Intelligent backing of the missionary 4. Is the decrease in gifts due to lack of confi- cause must be rooted in missionary knowledge; dence in the Boards? Yes, undoubtedly so. It the fires will burn steadily only as they are fed by pains me to say this. It is difficult to write about the proper fuel. it and be just and fair to everything and every- There is much criticism of some of our mission- body. It is easy here for a loyal church-man to be ary textbooks. Until this criticism is corrected polite and not to tell the truth. But, sorrowfully and its cause removed, large areas of our constitu- and regretfully, I am convinced that an important ency will not study missions, will not be informed, element in the lack of funds in recent years has will not be interested and so will not give. Too been a growing lack of confidence in our Boards.

much of the material in many of these textbooks The reasons for this are not one, but many. The has been of the kind that does not deal with the constant criticism of certain groups within the main work of the missionary, but only with the church has unsettled or destroyed the faith of not by-products of the missionary enterprise. Too lit- a few in their administrative agencies. The pubtle emphasis has been given to the religious, the lication of the Laymen's Missionary Report added spiritual, the soul-saving, the distinctly church fuel to the flame and deepened the lack of confi- and Christian work. Too often the emphasis has dence. While the Boards insisted that this investibeen of the "modernistic" and not of the "evan- gation was independent and not under their ausgelical" representatives of the missionary cause. pices, nevertheless the impression persisted that Until a more satisfactory type of mission study it had their "moral support," that they could have book is given that costs less and is read more, the stopped it or cleared their skirts of it in the beginaverage church and the average Christian will ning if they had been so minded and that the personnel had the tacit if not official approval of not increase their gifts to foreign missions. 3. Is it due to lack of faith? Yes, decidedly so. the Boards. More than a lack of money, there has been a lack Divided Councils of faith. And first of all I mean that kind of faith Another cause of the growing lack of confidence which Christ had in mind when He said: "And has been the Church's belief that in recent years when the Son of Man cometh, will he find faith on some Boards have expressed their loyalty to the the earth?" Church's creed, or constitution, yet at the same Modern "liberalism" has taken away the faith time have called into their councils and have of many and has cut the nerve of missionary giv- worked together with those who apparently hold ing in many lives. The undermining has gone on other beliefs. Likewise, there are many who feel for years. Some theological seminaries have con- that, in the selection of their personnel, the "Modtributed to the deadly work, some Presbyteries ernistic" as well as evangelical group have been have preferred to be polite rather than to tell the represented, and that oftentimes the controlling truth; the "buck has been passed" from court to influences at work on our agencies have not been court, from Boards to National Assemblies and in harmony with the declared position of the back again. We have made decisions but when we Church whose representatives they are. Union came to execute the decisions, the hearts of men with other agencies has led some Boards to comhave failed them. So the poison of disloyalty to promise their position, or soft-pedal their convic- God's Word, the use of evangelical terminology to tions, and for the sake of going along with others, cover entirely different meanings, has continued; they have not clearly and courageously stood for another gospel has been substituted for the re- what their own Church stands.

deeming Gospel of Christ and His cross. Yes, There has been an increasing belief among that faith in the inspired Word of God, faith in Chris- army of devoted supporters of our Boards, that tianity as the final, absolute and only true religion, the policy and practice of the Boards has been to as the one full and true revelation of God to man, balance Evangelicals with Modernists-to say faith in Jesus Christ as the Only Saviour and Re- "yes" to both, to have their own personnel thus deemer of Men, the only Name under heaven given represented, rather than to stand squarely and among men whereby we must be saved, has been openly for the Church's creed and constitution and eclipsed, compromised, ignored or denied. The re- to see that all who serve the Board as members sult has been a weakening of faith, a lessening of and secretaries, or who serve under it as mission- conviction, a feeling that the whole work of mis- aries, are unmistakably sound in the faith as held sions was neither obligatory nor desperately ur- by the Church to which their loyalty is given. The gent. When faith goes down, contributions go effort seems to have been to maintain a balance of down. When faith burns brightly and God and power rather than to express clear, unmistakable His Word are honored, contributions go up. The loyalty to the declared beliefs of the church itself.

missionary cause lives by faith, whatever may be I know the arguments for catering to both sides our interpretation and expression of it. and realize the difficulties involved in representing

the whole Church, but I maintain nevertheless, hitherto untouched or inadequately worked. Many that this policy and practice has done as much other things come to mind, but space forbids. gradually to destroy confidence, and to lead to hesitancy and withholding of support as much as 3. In the Administrative Agencies. Though any other one cause. they may have done it in the past, let the Boards declare today, clearly and unequivocally, their It is difficult to get at this problem and to deep and sincere loyalty to the standards, constistate it fairly, but the fact that it is here is the tution, creed,-call it what you will, of the Church chief cause for the lack of confidence in the whose creature they are. Boards, and until the Boards clear it up thoroughly and unmistakably, the confidence of many peo- Let every Board appoint on its directorate or ple throughout the Church will not be restored. to its secretaryships only those who are in thor- Diagnosis is important, but what about the cure? ough sympathy, intellectually and spiritually, with the creed or standards of their Church; with mis- What Shall We Do About It? sionary policy, program, personnel and practice to be in harmony therewith, who not only say so 1. In the Church at Home. A revival of biblical but in their addresses and writings, in their deand evangelical preaching-ministers who will cisions at the council table within and in their not only take a whole Christ for their salvation witness in the religious world without, are known but will take a whole world for their parish. How- to be such and what is most important, actually ever hard the going financially, pastors and of- have the confidence of their church constituency. ficers must put the cause of world missions in the Until some of our Boards have the courage and forefront of their church program and keep it the frankness to see that part of the present trouthere. Adequate missionary education all the year ble is with them, and that "judgment must begin round from the pulpit to the cradle roll; faithful, at administrative headquarters," confidence will specific prayer, public and private, for the varied not be regained or restored. interests of the missionary cause; taboo captious criticisms and blind, wholesale commendation of A Condition-Not a Theory missionaries and mission Boards. Deepen loyalty to the established and accredited Boards of the We face not a theory but a condition-a situa- Church, but frankly welcome criticism and con- tion. We must recognize what large areas of the structive suggestions as to how to correct any- church are thinking. We must no longer like thing in personnel or policy of the Mission Boards ostriches, hide our heads in the sand, and believe that is discrediting the cause in peoples' minds, that there is no storm on the way; Boards must fix the mind and heart of the congregations on the no longer be suave and polite to hear criticism and good, the great and the glorious things that are then just keep on in the same old way, going on being done on the mission fields and confront them the principle that the administrative agency must with the real issues, needs and opportunity of to- protect itself, that the Board must always appear day. Informed, wise, passionately enthusiastic as right and never as wrong. It will help to releadership, full of faith and hope, wholly con- store confidence when Boards will stop trying to vinced that Christ is the only Saviour and that please or curry favor with groups or parties withthe sharing of His Gospel with all the world is the in the church and will be known as only loyal to Church's first obligation, is one of the primary Christ, regardless of consequences. needs in the home constituency today. Let us not miss this further point, viz; that the 2. In the field. Take immediate steps to bring lack of confidence in the Boards mayor may not more of the churches to self-support. Demon- be the fault of the Boards; in fact, it doubtless strate to the home church more than ever that arises from various causes. But the important every missionary in the field is animated with an thing to remember is that this lack of confidence evangelistic motive and whatever the kind of serv- exists and is steadily affecting support of the misice he is in, is really doing evangelistic work and sionary cause. bringing Christ as Saviour to individuals. To find ways of assuring the home church that the money Confidence must be restored if gifts are to init gives to missions, is being expended on the main crease. Other factors enter in just as in the napurpose of the Church in the world and not on the tional recovery movement, but confidence is the by-products and purely humanitarian objects. primary factor. I am of those who believe in standing by our Boards, our Church, our mission- Put the chief emphasis on building a strong, in- ary enterprise and correcting what needs to be digenous church; training a loyal consecrated corrected from within the family. But I am also leadership, freeing missionaries to do distinctively of those who believe that fearlessly and lovingly religious and spiritual service, and reshaping poli- and immediately, we should address ourselves to cies and programs so that more missionaries the matters that need correction and thus do our might be sent into unoccupied areas and fields part to invite and reestablish the confidence that, under God, will issue in renewed support.

Women Believe in

By MRS. THOMAS NICHOLSON, Mt. Vernon, Iowa President of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church CONTRIBUTIONS of the Woman's Foreign section, women gleaned in cotton fields at thirty Missionary Society of the Methodist Epis- cents a day, and hundreds have observed "sacri- copal Church for the past five years total fice year," joyously giving up cherished aims, that $11,948,997.92, distributed as follows: they might not fail in support of our missionaries.

1928 …………………….. $2,415,693.77 Our Methodist women believe in this enterprise. 1929 (Anniversary year) ……. 2,795,199.54 They have seen the hand of God directing it. 1930 …………………….. 2,396,073.75 They believe that the Lord Christ is the World's 1931 …………………….. 2,085,112.23 Redeemer and that if the world ever needed a 1932 …………………….. 1,692,227.37 Saviour it is now. They believe in their mission- 'fhere has been a decline in membership from aries and in their Board. Our constituency is 487,581 in 1928 to 377,899 in 1932. loyal, devoted, dependable. We have a closely articulated system and working plans are quickly A corrective statement needs to be made re- communicated to the last auxiliary woman. Nagarding these figures. For a number of years, tional, branch and district meetings are repregroups of Methodist missionary women in other sentative and responsibility is shared. We believe lands, particularly in Europe, have sent their con- much in corporate prayer, in dependence on spirtributions to the Society in America to be admin- itual resources and on intensive cultivation. Our istered and these gifts have been pooled with the workers from national officers to auxiliary comfunds raised here. Their members have also been mittee members are voluntary and count it all joy included in our home base totals. In 1929, we to have a part in this task. urged these women to organize their own units, to raise and disburse their own funds, keep their Sadly enough, faith has wavered and zeal has own membership records, train and send out their waned in some quarters. Widespread criticism own missionaries. We organized an International of mission work, and a psychology of defeat and Department to encourage indigenous missionary depression, have combined to produce this effect; activity abroad and to act as a medium of ex- selfish, not to say pagan, nationalism has dulled change between the various national units. This the sense of obligation to those "not of this fold," Department exercises no. administrative control. without increasing it with regard to our own The action has given a great impetus to mission- "nationals"; the merging of women's church ary activity in our parish abroad but has cut into groups has submerged both the home and foreign our own receipts and membership totals. We missionary interests. It has cut down the number transferred at once 7,310 members to the Scandi- of those carrying official responsibilities, has curnavian Unit, and 7,350 to that of Central Europe. tailed time given to missionary information and Methodist women of twenty-one countries are now has decreased contributions. In many cases, such affiliated with us in this missionary task and are united groups only raise for the combined misgiving themselves with great zest to their new sionary agencies what one agency received before responsibilities. Membership and receipts have amalgamation. Other activities, clubs, and social increased rather than declined in these new uplift groups claim the servic~ of some church groups, even in these difficult years. As one unit women, while trivial interests, amusements and reports: "We would rather hunger a little than fads have created an appetite for the superficial not to support our missionary." in others.

There are other reasons for our decreases. The home is not the center of regenerating in- Many supporters have lost everything – incomes, ftuence which it once was, and professional reliprincipal, positions. They have been unable even gious education has been too broad, too entertainto pay dues, and we count as members only those ing and too thin to create missionary passion in whose dues are recorded. In some cases, women those on whom the future of this enterprise dehave sold "first fruits" of their jelly and canning pends. The colleges have not been cultivated as season, to meet their pledges and dues. In one formerly by missionary societies. Student volun- [25 ]

teer and mission study groups are rare. Students on the study of the Gospels and the Acts of the are uninterested and misinformed regarding for- Apostles, on the power of prayer. A rebirth of eign missions. They are idealistic and have a pas- faith in Jesus Christ, not only as Reformer, but as sion for social reform, but only a dim sense of Redeemer of individuals, and of societies; as the responsibility for the individuals composing so- revelation of what God is and what man, through cial groups, and meager understanding of the Him, may become. If this conviction fades out of true' implications of the Gospel. Christianty the missionary motive fades out also, and with it goes the very life of Christianity. The pulpit today seldom treats the heinousness More publicity should be given to the positive reof sin, and in the pew complacency has taken the sults of missions-to the miracles wrought in the place of concern for the sinner whether African lives of individuals and to the changes the Gospel or American. Material interests-the building of is working in group and national attitudes. Demagnificent temples-and the debts thus incurred served criticism must be met with reform. Dupli- -have pushed missionary claims to the rear. The cation and lack of cooperation on the field, inade- "comfortable Gospel of Christ" is more appealing quate personnel and equipment must be corrected to many than the doctrine of the Cross. -and are in process of correction. But no amount of cooperation, union or tolerance can take the The remedy? A spiritual renaissance. Re- place of the aim to KNOW CHRIST and to MAKE emphasis on the things of the Spirit, on the fact of sin, on the office and work of the Holy Spirit, HIM KNOWN.

Some Reasons Why By JESSE R. WILSON, New York Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions T HAT there has been a great falling off in Sophistication.-For a hundred years, from the gifts to missions in recent years is well close of the War of 1812 to the outbreak of the known. No figures are available for all the Great World War, the United States lived its life Boards, but we do know that contributions to the fairly isolated. We were self-sufficient, self-pos- Protestant churches of the United States for all sessed, and complacent in a splendid isolation purposes decreased from $581,000,000 in 192'8 to which we were foolish enough to believe would be $378,000,000 in 1932-approximately forty per our portion as a nation forever. Then the war cent.* The percentage of decrease for strictly came, and we reluctantly discovered that we were foreign mission causes would probably be not far involved in it simply because we were a part of from this figure. the world. All of us, whether we went to France or not, were lifted out .of ourselves and began to Why should there be such a decrease? Is it due scan the papers daily for news from other lands. wholly to a lack of money~ I do not think so, even Our chrysalis had been broken and we had flown though the national income did fall fifty-four per afield, feeling all the thrills of sophistication as cent between 1929 and 1932.* Giving to foreign part of the whole world. Unfortupately, the missions began to decline sharply during the years knowledge we gained was still quite superficial of financial prosperity. The decline is traceable and did not always make for respect and concern in its origin not to declining incomes but to declin- for others. The reaction that finally came was the ing interest. It has been accelerated by the world- desire once again to settle somewhere between the wide economic depression and also by the in- Statue of Liberty and the Golden Gate and be at creased cost of carrying on the work, but if inter- peace in "God's country." est had been maintained, the boards would certainly not be financially where they are today. Disillusion and Cynicism.-Whatever else can Why, then, has there been a decrease in interest be said about the United States' participation in in foreign missions since the peak years of 1920 the war, when we went into it we went with a and 1921, after which the loss of gifts began to high idealism. We went out to win a war to end manifest itself. We can give here little more than an outline analysis of some of these causes. The war for the best interests of the whole world; but following forces seems to have been at work bring- within two or three years after the war had closed, ing about the change. Most of them, in one way we discovered that we had only helped to sow the or another, had their rootage in the Great War. seeds of other wars in terms of hatreds, jealousies, fears, and suspicion. The world did not appreci- • From a research study on trends in church finance by A. C. ate what we had tried to do, and having come out Marts, of Marts & Lundy, Inc., N. Y. C.

1!:):J4] SHALL WE ABANDON THE MISSIONARIES?

of the war a creditor nation, we were receiving and always must be the nidus of Christian misnot thanks but vituperation. Our idealism dis- sions. What else could have come out of the war solved utterly and we decided to let the world stew with its hatred, selfishness and materialism? The in its own juice without at all realizing that soon- strain was too much. If Christianity could not er or later we ourselves would be stewing in the prevent such a war, why bother with religion at same juice. all? For some, all faith went. Others continued to go through the forms of religion, but the spirit Blurred Consciences.-A change from idealism was lacking. Even those whose faith was most to cynicism is bad enough, but something deeper real and most deep were not unaffected. A flower, still happened to the spirit of many as a result of no matter how perfectly rooted, will show some the war. Consciences became blurred. Mechan- discoloration if the atmosphere around it is ized slaughter, hatred unto death, vilification and tainted. The Christian faith that will go to infideceit-all were organized and glorified. We w~re nite pains to reproduce itself continued to exist no longer our brother's keeper; we had become or else Christian missions would have died utterly, his destroyer; and in destroying him, we had de- but there was not enough of this kind of faith to stroyed within ourselves that fine sensitiveness of overcome all obstacles and to go forward triumspirit necessary to make us responsive to another's phantly. needs. Christian missions cannot flourish when such a spirit is wide-spread. Restlessness and Criticism.-It was only natu- ral that a period of little faith and great prosper- Reaction to Realism.-An accompaniment to the ity should have produced restlessness and dissatisdulling of men's consciences was observed in the faction. Things really do not in themselves satisfy. unwillingness of people to listen to the presenta- This restlessness had many manifestations. One tion of human needs. If any missionary tried to notable evidence was that everything was up for make his work vivid by referring to the poverty, review. Nothing out of the past could be taken disease, and degradation of the people among for granted. Had not missions served their day whom he labored, the cry went up immediately. and generation? Is it not all a foolish expenditure "That's a sob story and we refuse to sob." Many of time and money? Some of this criticism was missionaries, knowing this and having a growing serious and well-meaning and has helped the missensitiveness to the feelings of the people among sionary enterprise to see its way more clearly. whom they worked, dropped almost entirely from Much of it, however, was merely an expression of their speeches stories of desperate need. When the critical temper of the day which, with a jaunticarried to the extreme this took much of the punch ness which belied its avowal of serious purpose, out of the plea for missions. The Church began was "debunking" history and biography and was to forget that missionaries were really meeting singing "life is just a bowl of cherries." the dire, objective needs of the people of other lands. Reaction to Man-Made Movements.-Even among those most determined to carryon foreign An Absorption of Things Material.-James missions, there was some dissatisfaction, though Truslow Adams points out that financial panics its source was quite different. To this group, such and depressions always follpw wars. The Great efforts as the Interchurch World Movement were War is no exception, but, unlike other wars in man-made affairs. They were efforts to hurry which the United States has engaged, a period of God. Missions would adopt the methods of big unprecedented prosperity intervened between the business, and then big business itself would sit up close of the War in 1918 and the decline of the and take notice and give its support in large terms. stock market in 1929. During this period almost The quieter processes of the Spirit of God were all of us became surfeited with things.. As Mr. too frequently neglected. But the plan did not Adams so well points out, we were in the way of work, and there was a consequent loss of confisubordinating honor, truth, integrity, and social dence in some of the missionary leaders. concern to the ability to achieve wealth, and were thereby selling our soul for a pot of gold. During The Tide of Nationalism Abroad.-While these the years 1927-1929, in the face of a tremendous forces were at work at home, in missionary reincrease in national income, there was actually a ceiving countries there was a rising tide of nathree per cent decrease in contributions to the tionalism. Each nation had begun with new vigor to determine its own affairs, and groups within churches.* In such an atmosphere the things of these nations began to magnify their own impor- tance. Christian Nationals, catching this spirit, the spirit went glimmering and missions suffered. insisted that they be given a larg~r place in the leadership of their own churches and institutions. Loss of Christian Convictions.-The chief fac- In this insistence they were often led to say things tor causing a falling off in missionary support has which, when reported in America, gave many a been the loss of a deep conviction concerning God and Christ and the world which always has been • Ibid, Marts.

new excuse for not supporting the missionary sions. If there had been a fuller transfer of en- cause, on the ground that "if they do not want us, ergy and passion, this would not have been so why should we offer to help them."* regrettable. However, with the exception of some Nationalism at Home.-Even more serious in individuals and small groups, the question became this connection was the spirit of nationalism at academic and did not command much personal home. Even loyal supporters of the missionary commitment to the task of making America more enterprise have felt that perhaps for too long a Christian. Positively, in terms of missions, the period we had neglected our own interests. Con- best result lay in the fact that many missionaries sequently, we entered into a period of building did go out with a fuller consciousness that they new churches, parish houses, hospitals, and were leaving many sore-spots in their own land schools. Some of these were needed; others were and therefore they went in a more humble spirit.

only an expression of the desire to "keep up with They had honestly to answer the question "Why the Joneses." . leave non-Christian America?" Those who went Another expression of this spirit of nationalism, only after having found an adequate answer, and while more wholesome, was myopic and therefore because the love of God in Christ was constrain- adversely affected missions; that was the deter- ing them, were in the way of having much of the mination "to clean up" America first. The ques- spirit which must mark the new day in the Chris- tion was raised, "Why go abroad for missionary tian missionary enterprise.

service when right in our own land we find eco- These, in my judgment, are some of the deeper nomic and industrial injustices, wrong race rela- reasons why in recent years the church has not tions, and the seed-beds of war?" stood back of the foreign mission boards as ade- quately as the needs of the work demand. My It was, undoubtedly, high time for the blasting faith is that God himself is working through the away of whatever measure of self-righteousness present world crisis, and in other ways, to overand complacency had crept into the missionary come these forces and that as we are called back movement, but it was accompanied by a slowing to the deeper values and realities of life, yes, called down of interest in and support of foreign mis- * Real transfers of work and authority from missionaries to back to God himself and to a new appreciation of the significance of the life and death and resurrec- Christian Nationals have been made on all mission fields. Before long, tion of Jesus Christ for the whole world, we shall however-with a becoming Christian humility-these same fine Chris- again go forward with the Church's supreme task tian Nationals, feeling the weight of the load they had begun to of making Him who is valid for the world's needs carry in a new way, made it quite clear to the churches of the inescapably available to the whole world. West that their demand for a larger place of leadership was not meant to disavow any further need of help from the West. They only meant that missionaries should be fellow-workers rather than leaders, and that for years beyond their knowing there would be a need for help from the West in terms of both men and women.

J. R. W.

As Seen by a Board Secretary By the REV. CLELAND B. McAFEE, D.D., New York Secl'etary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions THE treasurer's Annual Report for the income cause it began before the economic depression of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Pres- came on the world. The decrease in income does byterian Church, U; S. A., shows the follow- not indicate a loss of interest so much as a failure ing figures for the past five years: to gain new interest. I do not think it indicates 1928 $4,696,966.95 a lack of faith among those who give and, so far 1930 4,705,776.24 as we can tell, the lack of confidence in Boards is 1931 4,368,063.52 not great. The largest explanation I can find is 1932 3,989,474.90 simply lack of attention. There are not enough 1933 3,129,026.09 people who think foreign missions. There is so The figures for 1929 are omitted because there much else to do and there are so many other de- was a very large gift included in that year which mands that it is necessary to keep a constant bell puts the whole series out of balance. As we do ringing to hold attention. We have not done that not record the number of contributors, we cannot of late. I think the weakest point in the present say whether the number of gifts has fallen off situation is that we have allowed our sermons to proportionately. be so occupied with other matters that we have No one explanation can be found for this de- not been able to fix the attention of our people on crease. It is not due wholly to lack of money, be- the world work of the Church of Christ. This has

SHALL WE ABANDON THE MISSIONARIES?

made people ready to give any excuse for failing the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel: to undertake seriously what they really do not "To the laity through the clergy." It seems to me care much to do. of great importance that the Mission Boards be instantly ready to deal frankly with any criticism The Presbyterian Board is sending to all our that is offered or any question that is asked. The pastors a booklet appealing for a larger element time has come for a definite and positive and conof missionary preaching. Weare working on the structive missionary program. motto of Bishop Montgomery, late secretary of The Most Important Inquiry By PROF. WM. BANCROFT HILL, D.D., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

President of the Board of Trustees, American University in Cairo H ow shall we explain the alarming fact that is that gifts to foreign missions have not suffered the receipts of the Foreign Mission Boarel an even greater cut. of the Reformed Church in America* have diminished more than 40 per cent in the past two The effect of recent criticisms upon Mission years? The diminution has not been gradual, as work and Boards has been small in our denominaif caused by a slowly dying interest; on the con- tion. Because we are a comparatively little group trary, the receipts of the eight years preceding we know our missionary force intimately —.: their 1931 were the highest in the history of the Board; caliber, their theology, their evangelistic spirit and those of the fiscal year ending April 30, 1931, and the work they are doing. Confidence in them surpassed most of the predecessors. Then came a cannot be shaken by censors who have less op· severe drop in 1932, and another in 1933; and portunity for such knowledge. As a member of the fear is that 1934 may show yet another decline. our Board I can say that I have seen no lack of confidence in it. Naturally and profitably it has This decrease in the support of the work has its critics-some intelligent-whose counsel is alcaused dismay at home, and distress abroad. ways highly valued, and some ignorant whose While we have not yet had to beat a retreat, we suggestions or censures are of the same worth as have been forced to call a halt. No work of our their praises. A Board is the appointed agent of Board has been abandoned, and no missionary the church; and if its policy or practice is not summoned home, but the work has been cut to the acceptable, the means of changing its membership bone; sacrifices have been voluntarily made by are simple and always at hand. all the missionaries on the field; those at home on furlough are not being returned. As we consider the future, one feature in the present situation causes us serious thought and Beyond question the main cause for this deplor- apprehension. The younger generation, who soon able situation is the financial straits of the donors. will be the men and women to support foreign They are giving less because they have not the missions, are not developing an interest in it. income from which to give more. This is equally One reason for this is that the old methods of true of the few who once contributed large sums, attracting them have largely lost their force. To and of the many whose small but consecrated gifts us in our childhood the scenes in far-off lands and have always been the main support of the work. the stories of missionary experiences were thrill- Moreover, the cries for help at home are so loud ing; but to the sophisticated youngster of today and persistent as almost to drown the cries from they are puerile. I have great sympathy for the foreign lands. Here are neighbors out of work returned missionary who, with a few familiar and almost out of food; colleges and seminaries pictures enlarged from his kodaks and with the are appealing for aid to survive; churches are simple account of what he has seen and done, struggling desperately to meet ministers' salaries tries to interest an audience of youth accustomed and other expenses, already greatly reduced. With to the movies and the lurid tales of modern fiction. such demands upon diminished means the marvel Evidently we need a new approach and method of appeal; and what these shall be is a problem to • The Reformed Church in America is a minor member of the be solved by those who best know the psychology Presbyterian group; but for more than a hundred years it has held of present-day youth. a major place in devotion to foreign D;!isslous. Indeed, as it has no shibboleth of creed or peculiarity of cult to keep it froD;! D;!erging When considering the falling off in gifts tofor- eign missions, it is well to look at domestic misin some larger denomination, I may say that a deep interest in its sions also. There is the same shrinkage there; mission fields and wor){ers, and a belief that intimate acquaintance with them cannot be maintained so well in a great body, have con- stituted one reason for continuing its separate denominational existence. W. B. H.

and the other Boards of the Church are suffering power of the Holy Spirit; and in the present days likewise. If, therefore, lessened receipts indicate of distress we find little of heart-searching and a decline in interest, the decline exists in all our true repentance, but rather a feeling that, if the N. R. A., C. C. C., R. F. C. and all the rest cannot church work, and must have a common explana- save us, there is no salvation. The most important tion. That origin is not far to seek: it is the inquiry for laymen and for ministers in the presspiritual deadness of the Church itself. In the ent hour is not what improvements can be made Great War we prayed to the God of vengeance in missions abroad or at home but what change is and not to the Prince of Peace; in the days of needed in our own hearts and lives. There is the seeming prosperity that followed we sought and crux of the whole matter. rejoiced in the might of the dollar and not in the From a Pastor's Viewpoint By the REV. MILTON T. STAUFFER, D.D. Pastor of the South Reformed Church, New Brunswick, N. J.; Formerly a Missionary in China SPEAKING for my own church, we have not phere in which the critic has felt free to speak his grown tired of our missionary task, nor have mind. It has clearly demonstrated to the church we lost faith in our missionaries. During the that foreign missions is a thing of life and growth, last five years we have registered a slight increase and that to the extent that we depend on the in the number of those regularly contributing to human element in it, we must expect mistakes and foreign missions. This increase has come, not limitations. It has emphasized the need and the only from new accessions to church membership, certainty of change in missionary methods and but also from members who until recently were policies. It has awakened hope and has reclaimed not sufficiently interested in our various benevo- confidence in the future of missions. Our church lences to contribute regularly to them. members realize today as never before that they are not supporting an impersonal organization or The general economic situation naturally has machine, but that the missionary movement is a had its effect upon gifts to local and to foreign movement of the Spirit of God in and through work, reducing the total annual amount by some the hearts of men. ten to fifteen per cent. However, no contributor within my knowledge has reduced his contribution It is my conviction, after limited experience in to missions without at the same time reducing his a local church, that the marked decrease in miscontribution to local church support in the same sionary giving which we have experienced in reor even greater proportion. A few of our people, cent years is almost wholly the result of economic while obliged to cut their contributions to local conditions and of general religious indifference. It church support, have steadily maintained their is not the result of any appreciable loss of faith giving to benevolences at the level set three and in the commonly declared motives or objectives of more years ago. The annual remittances of our missions. Nor is it due to any lack of interest in two women's missionary societies to domestic and and sympathy for the program of missions as at foreign missions have continued at approximately present outlined and carried forward by our more the same high level as before 1929-such drops as creative and progressive missionaries, however may have occurred in any single year being less in much room for change and improvement there proportion than the accompanying drop recorded may be in certain of our mission areas or groups. in receipts for local church support. Nor does it reflect diminishing confidence in our administrative boards at home or in our mission- The Laymen's Commission Report, and par- ary or church councils on the field. Rather, the ticularly the news releases preceding its publica- willingness on the part of our missionary forces tion, served to raise questions in the minds of to be the object of critical analysis and appraisal some and to bring out into the open certain mis- has strengthened the confidence of the home givings and criticisms of the foreign missionary church in the essential soundness of the whole program, which may have been entertained for missionary enterprise. It has given proof of the years, but which hitherto had remained unex- missionary's sincere desire to adapt himself and pressed. This has challenged us to re-think and his methods to changing circumstances. re-affirm the fundamental aims which must characterize the missionary enterprise if it is to be Possibly the chief cause of diminishing interest truly Christian and is to continue to receive in missions and of the decrease in missionary in- Christian support. It also provided an atmos- come is not economic but religious. Christian

SHALL WE ABANDON THE MISSIONARIES?

missions are essentially redemptive in their mes- ary," said Dr. John A. Broadus. Christianity in sage and program, but we in our home churches have ceased to appreciate this redemptive purpose action is Andrew going after Simon; Philip findin Christianity as we once did. Our evangelical zeal has been dissipated. We have surrendered ing Nathanael; the woman, leaving her waterpot our religious distinctiveness. In consequence, our enthusiasm for the place and value of religion in at the well, running to tell the populace of a city the on-going life of the world has suffered. Here is the explanation of the diminishing financial re- that she had found Christ and leading them out turns from our churches. Missionary intercession has suffered equally. Weare less interested, to meet Him. Paul's missionary enthusiasm was so we pray less; and when we pray less we give less. Weare less interested because Christ means not kept alive solely by the command of his Lord. less to many of us today in our pulpits and in our pews. We need a more positive religious experi- He felt another urge within his own soul, "The ence. We need lives more fruitful in Christ-like qualities to impress us with their values. Is love of Christ constraineth us." The mainspring Christ really life to us? of missionary enterprise and enthusiasm is the Thirty years ago we were more enthusiastic for the Christian faith. We stressed its redemptive regenerated heart of the believer. Perfunctory elements. Our slogan was "The evangelization of the world in this genel'ation." The social elements obedience to a command is not the most worthy were present but they were not stressed. There was urgency and immediacy then in our mission- impetus to service. The spirit and life of Christ ary program and appeal. All this suggests assets and liabilities. Ten years ago enthusiasm for in the disciple is the real compelling force. The personal evangelism shifted to an enthusiasm for Christian solutions of social problems that offered satisfaction and joy which the Christian finds in a corrective and promised a better balance. his glorious Lord creates the desire to carry the But today we are marking time. We are with· out commanding enthusiasms. We greatly need a Good News to others. If a man finds a bag of reaffirmation of moral and spiritual certainties in our local churches. Before missionary interest gold, a treasure hid in a field, a pearl of great can increase so as to produce intelligent sacrificial missionary giving, we must develop enthu- price, he grasps it for himself. But when a man siastic, grateful men and women in every church. We must have more men and women who have finds Christ, there immediately arises in his soul experienced a new type of life in Christ and who cannot bear to think of men either living or dying the impulse to impart Him to his fellowmen. anywhere without a similar experience of Him. Scores of examples show that this is the secret Where ought we to begin in any attempt to recover missionary enthusiasm? It would help (1) of the foreign mission work of the Church….. . if seminary students were to come into our churches equipped and on fire for an evangelistic It is foreign mission effort that preserves the life ministry; (2) if, from the younger churches abroad, we were to receive fresh affirmations of of the home Church. It gives a purpose, an enterthe distinctive values of Christianity; (3) if in America and everywhere the unsatisfied religious prise, which draws out her dormant forces and hungers of our day could be realistically set forth and if the ability of Christ to satisfy these hungers capabilities. As exercise develops the body, miscould be convincingly restated and reexperienced. sionary activities bring vigor and strength to the A MISSIONARY RELIGION Body of Christ. Thomas Chalmers said, "Foreign By REV. G. WILBUR SHIPLEY, in The Christian Observer missions act on home missions, not by exhaustion, "Christianity is nothing if it is not missionary. but by fermentation." Alexander Duff said, "The Your Christianity is nothing if it is not mission- Church that is no longer evangelistic will soon cease to be evangelicaL" The responsibility of a great enterprise begets in a man creativeness, initiative, and the spirit of adventure. The su- preme task of the Church, seriously accepted and earnestly undertaken, will energize and empower our drooping and flagging life. Expansion is the very essence of Christianity. "It is a commodity, the more of which you export, so as to share freely with others, the more you have for use at home."

The supreme overtowering mission of the Church, the design of our Lord in its establish- ment is the evangelization of the world. It is not a mere incident in her life-a side issue, a pious diversion-it is her chief business. It is the Mas- ter's great concern. It filled His mind, flamed in His heart, tingled in His nerves, throbbed in His blood, thrilled His soul when He walked in Galilee and it is no less dear to Him now. His love im- partially girdles the globe. His great heart yearns for the redemption of all nations. It lays para- mount claim to the energies of the Church. It rises above all other obligations, eclipses all other service, and stands supreme in its demands. Our duty is not optional. It is unalterably fixed. It cannot be changed by tastes, prej udices, opinions, likes, or dislikes, It is Gog's speciffc for s~tving ~ lost world, . . —

Universal Week of Prayer*

Sunday, January 7, to Sunday, January 14, 1934 Sunday, January 7, I9,34-Suggested Topics For those Who guide national life and international affairs. "The Divine Judgment" (Romans 1: 18, 24, 25; 2: 1; 1 Peter 4: 17). SCRIPTURE READING: Psalm 96. Eph. 2: 11-22.

"Fear and Faith" (Mark 4: 40; Psalms 27: 3; 112: 7). Thursday, January ll-Social and Economic Life "Our Need of Repentance" (Mark 1: 15; Mat. 18: 3). "Beginning and Continuing with God" (Gen. 1: 1; 2 THANKSGIVING: For God's gifts to man. For the discoveries of science and their possibilities. Chron. 31: 21; Phil. 1: 6). CONFESSION: The sins of our economic and social life.

Monday, January 8-The Need of the World Lack of brotherliness and love. The failure of the Church to promote a Christian THANKSGIVING: economic order. That God reigns and the future is in His hands. REQUESTS: CONFESSION: That Christian people may bear their economic re- sponsibilities. Man's confidence in himself and rebellion against That workers in the scientific field may consecrate God and open denial and rejection of Him. their gifts to God.

REQUESTS: That wisdom and courage may be given to econo- mists to solve the economic problems. That God may save peoples from their blindness and For the multitude of the unemployed in all lands. hardness of heart. SCRIPTURE READINGS: For repentance and for living faith in the Lord Jesus Gen. 1: 24-31. Mark 10: 23-27. Luke 12: 13-21.

Christ.

For those who bear the burdens of responsibility.

SCRIPTURE READINGS: .

Psalm 97. Romans 1: 18-32. Luke 1: 67-80. Hosea 14· Friday, January I2-Christian Missions Tuesday, January 9-The Church THANKSGIVING: For the extension of the Church of Christ. THANKSGIVING: For evidences of new spiritual life. For its continued transmission of the Gospel of For the devotion and faithfulness of missionaries. Christ. For signs of a revival among all nations and races. CONFESSION: The inadequacy of our efforts; the narrowness of CONFESSION: our vision; the feebleness of our faith; the lack For failure to utter the divine and commanding mes- of sacrificial giving. sage. REQUESTS: For inability to confront men with the necessity for For all who labor in Christ's Name – among the regeneration, and complete surrender to Christ as Jews; in Japan, Korea, China, Siam and Malaya, Saviour, Lord, and King. India, the Near East; in Africa, Latin America, and the Southern Pacific; in Russia and Europe; REQUESTS: in North America. For grace to recognize and proclaim God's Word for For new workers and their equipment with natural our time. and spiritual graces. For deliverance from bondage, and for grace to move forward in the spirit of fearless faith and obe- SCRIPTURE READINGS: dience. Romans 10: 12-18; 15: 30-33. Eph. 1: 15-23. For a spiritual awakening in the Church. Saturday, January I3-The Family and Youth SCRIPTURE READINGS: Eph. 3. J er. 2: 4-13. Luke 12: 35-40. THANKSGIVING: Wednesday, January IO-National and For the divine institution of the family; for parents and teachers. International Life THANKSGIVING: For the courage and hopefulness of youth.

For the achievements of past generations. CONFESSION: The lack of understanding of youth. For the mutual enrichment of peoples. Conditions that destroy the life and purity of the CONFESSION: family.

The prevalence of suspicion, distrust, and enmity, REQUESTS: and of national selfishness. That God's ideals for the family may be apprehended anew. The tendency to destroy social unity through violence. That a vision of Christ Jesus as Lord and Saviour REQUESTS: may come to the youth of the world. For all workers among youth. For a new vision of the true meaning and purpose of national life.

* Adapted from the Topics sent out by the World's Evangelical SCRIPTURE READINGS: Alliance, 19 Russell Square, London. Mark 10: 1-16. Mat. 18: 1-14. Joel 2: 23-32.

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CHURCH, DISCIPLES OF CHIUST, SAN ANTONIO

Success Among Spanish Americans By E. T. CORNELIUS, San Antonio, Texas -eEl Superintendent of Mexican Missions, U. S. A. for Disciples of Christ T HE tides of immigration have ebbed and The agricultural areas of central Mexico were flowed many times during our American his- devastated by the social upheavel initiated in 1910 tory and one of the most significant of these by the Madero Revolution against the dictatormovements has been the Mexican immigration of ship of Don Porfirio Diaz. Great. "haciendas" recent years. were left without live stock or crops by the sol- diers, rebels and bandits that pillaged the land; The World War stopped the flow from Europe, property and life were made unsafe, and thouwhence so many millions had come to overflow the sands of peons found themselves unable to eke industrial areas of the East and to spread over out a miserable subsistence. They had been bound rural areas from ocean to ocean. The checking of to the "haciendas" by economic bonds as strong European migration brought about two very sig- as those of ancient feudalism. No sooner had nificant movements-migration of the Negroes these thousands of farm laborers been shaken from the South to the North, and the creation of loose from their old life than our labor shortage a labor vacuum in the Southwest, accelerated by attracted them to the southwestern United States. certain conditions arising out of the War. Mining and rural industries found their labor short- A conservative estimate of the total number of age acute-the seasonal occupation of various Mexicans within our border, at the end of June, types, from cotton to sugar beets, from lettuce to 1929, is about two and one-half millions, including grapes, all had to turn to the nearest supply. This the American born and the small Spanish-Amerhad been made ready by revolutionary conditions ican population of New Mexico and Colorado. in Mexico. There is also a considerable population of Spanish- [ 33]

speaking peoples from the West Indies, Spain and teries are filled with those babies that die of un- South America on the Atlantic seaboard from dernourishment and intestinal disorders. Our New York City to Florida. visiting nurses grow haggard attempting to min- What the Mexicans Are Doing ister to the needs of these great areas. Your writer, who lives in the midst of one of the larg- The Southwest particularly has felt the effect est of these colonies, can recall hundreds of such of the many thousands of Mexicans. States like cases, and our earnest efforts to meet the prob- Texas and California, while differing to a marked lems of health when the great majority of mothers degree in their seasonal occupations, have had to know practically nothing about the care of their assimilate nearly one million Mexicans into their children.

agricultural and industrial economy. The cham- The Mexican in American Life bers of commerce of these cities furnished the 1. Economic adjustment-It must be taken for principal opposition to placing Mexican immigra- granted that we are here discussing the vast tion on the quota basis, largely because an over- majority of Mexican immigrants and their famabundant supply of Mexican cheap labor would ilies-both Mexican and American born. Political mean little immigration restriction. exiles and other minor elements in our Spanish- Mexican laborers are in large numbers in most language population are quite aloof in every way of the industrial and agricultural occupations of from the rest of their people, seldom living in the the entire Southwest, and have filtered into al- colony and meeting the others only in' a profesmost every other section of the United States. sional way. The production of cotton, in south Texas espe- The Mexican colony in our American Comcially, is dependant upon Mexican labor. The munities usually has most of the distinguishing production of sugar beets in Colorado and other characteristics of a Mexican community in their areas, is mainly dependant upon Spanish-Ameri- own land. This was especially marked during the can labor; the cultivation of citrus orchards in period of accelerated movement, when thousands Texas, Arizona and California, is carried on by of immigrants reached the Southwest every year thousands of Mexican laborers, scores of seasonal -to scatter later into the North and East wheroccupations of California, from the Imperial Val- ever attracted by the economic demands of sealey north, utilize the Mexican laborer and his sonal occupations. Ten years ago, these colonies family; the mines, railways, and factories of the were housed in little more than makeshift shacks, great Southwest could scarcely operate were it not constructed of all kinds of nondescript materials, for the Mexicans, both skilled and unskilled, who tin cans, dry goods boxes, grass roofs, with no have their shoulders under the economic growth pretense of cleanliness, sanitation or beauty. Two of this vast country. very characteristic colonies of this type were the All of America has been enriched by the con- Belverede District of Los Angeles and the South- tribution of these people not only to our economic west District of San Antonio. In other cities, such advancement but to our art and music. On the as Kansas City, Chicago or Dallas, these immi- other hand, hundreds of thousands of unassimilat- grants were forced by circumstances to seek the ed peoples of another race, another language and most squalid sections of the city, and too often another background of life, creat new responsi- they have been unable to improve their lot, be- bilities and problems. The great majority of these cause of the situation in which they have existed people have come from rural areas of central for most of their stay.

Mexico. They were underprivileged there with- The districts in Los Angeles and San Antonio, out adequate educational advantages, their chil- as well as cities like EI Paso and Phoenix, have dren growing up in the midst of squalor and improved in a very remarkable way, keeping step misery. The families sought relief believing that with the adjustment our people are making to our the United States, the great land of opportunity, American economy. Certainly much improvement provided a paradise. They brought with them could yet be made, and the cities could enforce their crude ideas of sanitation and of healing, their in a stricter way their sanitary regulations, could ignorance and superstition and their absolute sub- they realize how vital the need is for more health- servience to the Roman Catholic church. The saving conditions.

Mexican people are very gregarious and they The masses of our immigrants changed very form large colonies in our centers of populations. little their previous e~onomic status, if we judge Because of their background, they have created by outward appearances. I was living in central a mighty problem for the boards of health; their Mexico when this modern race movement began, homes are ravaged by disease, such as tuber- and marvellous accounts of the utopic opportuni- culosis and skin diseases, their children are under- ties in the North began to filter into our area. In nourished. During the midsummer our ceme- those days a family could secure work quickly,

SUCCESS AMONG SPANISH AMERICAN

then would send word to their relatives and own enterprises, leaders in CIVIC organizations, friends to the effect that they had been able to buy such as Rotary, Kiwanis and Lions Clubs. This shoes for all the children, that while living costs younger generation has also been forming fra- were much greater than in Mexico, they were ternal organizations and clubs that have as their able to live on a level only possible for the upper object the better adjustment df the American classes in their homeland. Who but the rich born Latin American. Mexican government merchants and "hacendados" could afford auto- sponsored organizations are also putting forth mobiles; but. most of these poor families boasted every effort to hold the loyalty of these groups of relatives who had left Mexico with only what to the mother country. Often our young folk do they could carry rolled in a blanket and were now not know their own mind, as they are swayed by living in such opulence that they traveled from the influence of the family toward Mexico and in community to community in their own cars. Such the opposite direction by almost every other in- stories spread like fire and American Consulates fluence.

were filled with hundreds of Mexicans seeking It is sad to note that the youth are assimmilatadmittance into this paradise. ing some most undesirable customs and attitudes, With the exception of two periods of depression, without being influenced by the most wholesome the first one causing terrible suffering in the Mexi- of our environment. Because of their adoption of can colonies of our northern cities, and the present our customs, especially in the contact of the sexes, depression, most Mexicans have been able to secure friction is caused in the homes. The adults still employment during a considerable portion of the cling to the restrictions and inhibitions of yesteryear, and have gradually risen in the economic day in Mexico. In the old days in Mexico, no scale. The piano, the phonograph, the radio and modest girl was ever seen in public in the company the automobile have made a vast change in the of a young man. Their courtships were carried economic outlook and status of these people. While on under very different circumstances. Now they these changes have in some slight degree come to have adopted our custom of courtship, etc., with- Mexico herself, they are so great here as to change out all of the necessary self-restraints. The transthe whole outlook, in spite of depression, suffering formation has been entirely too rapid and too and despair. Even in these hard times, those who many disasters have befallen the youth. Latin frequent our institutions dress better, keep their passion has not necessarily been restrained behome surroundings more attractive and in many cause of changed environment. Some of our ways demonstrate that they are being assimilated greatest problems arise just at this point. We be:- into our economy-especially those who have re- lieve that within a few more years, with the com- mained while thousands have returned to Mexico. ing of a new generation of young people from the 2. Social adjustment-The adult Mexican popu- homes of those who have already become adjusted, lation has resisted social change more strongly the problem will not be so acute. This is condi- than almost any other immigrant group. They tioned upon the continuance of present stringent have been so gregarious and so intimately related immigration restrictions-when our Mexican to all of the processes of life of Mexico-very population is decreasing rather than increasing, largely because of territorial proximity-that and there is no great mass of young people to their response to custom and environment has absorb.

been quite insignificant. Only a small percentage No institution of the States has functioned so are familiar enough with the English language to well in these matters of economic and social ad- use it in business or social contacts. Thousands justment as our Public Schools. Our southwestern of Mexicans have been living in the United States cities have recognized the great opportunity and for ten, fifteen or twenty years and do not under- have met it with great success.

stand even the simplest and most common English phrases. Other thousands of young people, born What Evangelical Churches Are Doing and reared in the States, are equally unfamiliar Mexico has been for a number of years the with the language, which is the first step toward scene of very rapid changes in the relations beadjustment to our American social order. tween certain social elements and the Roman A great transformation has come to the thou- Catholic Church. The modern movement away sands of wide-awake children and young people from the Church had its origin in the beginnings that have been attending our public schools for of the movement for independence from Spain be- the last ten years; hundreds of them finish our gun in 1810. The Church opposed every move- junior schools and high schools each year and are ment that tended toward liberty for the country, adjusting themselves in a splendid way to the life political, religious and social-exemplified in the of our communities. We find them in stores, shops, movement led in 1810 by Fr. Miguel Hidalgo y offices, and in the professions, conducting their Costilla, the Reform Laws of 1857 under the lead-

ership of Don Benito Jaurez, and the recent revo- Forsythe Memorial School (Pres. U. S. A.), Los Angeles, lution of 1910 under Francisco I. Madero and California. other famous leaders of the period. Lately the Church has been placed in a most embarrassing Lydia Patterson Institute (Methodist Episcopal Church, situation because of the defection of a great mass South), El Paso, Texas. of the rural or agrarian elements. The unskilled labor, as well as syndicalized labor, has been bitter Wesleyan Institute for Boys (Methodist Episcopal in its opposition to the "rule by clergy." Most of Church, South), San Antonio, Texas. (Now closed.) these people have retained nominally their religious allegiance, but have not restrained their Holding Institute, co-educational, (Meth. Episcopal opposition to the political action of the church. Church, South), Laredo, Texas.

The Mexican immigrant, released from the eco- Texas-Mexican Industrial Institute for Boys (Pres. U. nomic fetters of the old system of Mexico, has also S.), Kingsville, Texas. lost much of the respect and most of the loyalty that he formerly held for the Roman Catholic Presbyterian Industrial School for Mexican Girls, Church. He learned that his parish saints could (Pres. U. S.), Taft, Texas. not do everything for him, and in his new environment in the United States, he did not need Valley Institute for Girls (Methodist Episcopal, South), to be so submissive to the rulers of his faith. The Pharr, Texas. majority of our Mexicans, while maintaining their nominal relation to the Church, are Catholic in Effie Edington School for Girls (Methodist Episcopal name only. The freedom with which they attend Church, South), EI Paso, Texas. Protestant services and frequent Protestant institutions, is a marked contrast to the attitude of the The only institutions for the preparation of masses of the people eight or ten years ago. ministers are The Spanish-American Baptist Seminary, Los Angeles, The Training School at Most of the major Evangelical communions are the Plaza Christian Center of the Methodist Episcarrying on successful work among the Spanish- copal Church in Los Angeles, and the Spanish Despeaking people. There are about one thousand partment of the Presbyterian Theological Semidifferent Evangelical projects scattered from the nary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S., Austin, Pacific to the Atlantic, and from the Mexican Texas. The other religious bodies train their Border to Canada, although the greater number workers in their regular denominational instituof these projects are in Texas, Colorado, New tions. Mexico, Arizona and California. New York City has flourishing Evangelical congregations, the The Plaza Schools of New Mexico have made members of which are in their majority Porto for many years a very distinctive contribution to Ricans, Cubans, South Americans or Spanish, al- the development of the rural areas of Northern though there are also many Mexicans in these New Mexico serving the thousands of Spanish congregations. There are also strong Spanish- Americans that live in that area. Almost all of the speaking congregations of various religious bodies students in Menaul School, Rio Grande Institute, in the State of Florida. Edith McCurdy School, Allison-James are Spanish American and must be distinguished from the 1. Education–There are numerous primary and Mexican immigrant. high schools conducted by several of the communions; some of these schools are boarding All of these schools are serving our Spanish-lanschools. The most outstanding schools are: guage population in a very wonderful way; hun- dreds of their graduates are occupying places of Allison-James School for Girls (Pres. U. S. A.), Santa influence in the Southwest. Fe, New Mexico. 2. Christian Community Centel·s.-The Chris- Menaul School for Boys (Pres. U. S. A.), Albuquerque, tian center movement has been very successful, New Mexico. and many of the evangelical communions are con- ducting important enterprises in scores of Amer- Edith McCurdy School (United Brethren) Santa Cruz, ican cities. The most outstanding Christian cen- New Mexico. ters are: Rio Grande Institute, (Congregational) Albuquerque, The Plaza Christian Center of the Methodist Episcopal New Mexico. Church, Los Angeles, California.

Mary J. Platt School for Girls (Methodist Episcopal) The Belvedere Neighborhood House of the Presbyterian Tucson, Arizona. Church, U. S. A., Los Angeles, California.

Harwood Boys School and Harwood Girls School (Meth- The Rose Gregory Houchen Settlement of the Methodist odist Episcopal), Albuquerque, New Mexico. Episcopal Church, EI Paso, Texas.

Spanish American Institute (Methodist Episcopal), The Baptist Christian Center, Phoenix, Arizona. Gardena, California. The Presbyterian Home of Neighborly Service of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., San Bernardino, California. Frances De Pauw Industrial School (Methodist Epis- The Wesley Community House, Methodist Episcopal copal), Los Angeles, California. Church, South, San Antonio, Texas. The Mexican Christian Institute (Disciples of Christ), San Antonio, Texas. The Home of Neighborly Service (Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.), San Antonio, Texas. St. Anne's Mission (Protestant Episcopal Church), El Paso, Texas. There are more than a score of other efficient 1918 was 250-in 1930 it was 3,500-a 1,300% Christian Centers that carryon programs of re- increase. ligious education, kindergartens, supervised recreation, clinics, employment and legal departments, Two greatneeds are outstanding in the developboys' and girls' clubs, as well as a multitude of ment of our Spanish-language churches, mainly, other types of unclassified service. These Chris- a better trained ministry and a more adequate tian centers cooperate in a very wonderful way program of religious education. Those of us who with the rest of the Evangelical program and are are engaged in this enterprise are well aware of helping to meet the very difficult problems of eco- the problem and plans are being formed that we nomic and social adjustment by which our Span- trust will have their effect in improving condiish-language colonies are confronted. tions some time in the near future.

3. The Church.-The growth of Evangelical 4. Interdenominational Fellowship. – Perhaps Christian churches has been phenomenal, from a the most interesting and successful example of cofew hundred members twenty-five years ago to operation is to be found in the Interdenominationabout thirty thousand at the present time, not in- al Council on Spanish Speaking Work organized cluding the membership of the various Pente- about twenty years ago. Through this fellowship costal groups, Seventh Day Adventists, etc. Many devoted to the elimination of overlapping and comchurches have suffered a loss of membership with- petition and a very adequate occupation of the in the last year because of the repatriation pro- field, we have been able to overcome many of the cess; thousands of our Mexican Christians have difficult problems of such an enterprise as this. joined the throngs that have gone back to Mexico There are still occasional points of friction, and we have not been able to take all of the desired during this period. In spite of the loss of mem- steps in the allocation of areas, but we have bers, many of our churches are reporting an in- learned to trust one another and to work together "conscious that basically, our cause is one." creased attendance in the church schools, an in- Nueva Senda, a monthly interdenominational crease of the ever widening sphere of influence in journal, is published under the auspices of this the churches. A splendid example of this growth Council and has had much to do in molding the may be seen in the Spanish-language work of the sentiment of our Evangelical forces in the matter Northern Baptist Church. Their membership in of cooperation and closer fellowship.

The Fate of Missionaries' Children* By DAN B. BRUMMITT Editor of the Central Christian Advocate, Chicago "TELL about your children's education; what Appraisal Committee, the record would have been it has been and where they received it; and better I"

what they are doing now." These missionary families have averaged be- This request went to every Methodist foreign tween three and four children. Practically all of . missionary who had been at work twenty years or the children received their early education in the longer. lands where their parents were laboring. Most Most of the answers are definitely astonishing. of them prepared for college before leaving the More than eighty families have reported, with a field.

total of 283 children. Of these, 273 are still liv- The ages of the children included in this report ing-an amazing fact in itself. Six died by acci- range from four to fifty-two. About one hun- dent and one was killed in war. Only three are dred are twenty years of age or under so that reported to have died from ordinary causes 1 The they have not yet had their full education.

six who died by accident were the children of the Eighty-six children have from one to three col- Rev. and Mrs. D. H. Lee, and met death one ter- lege degrees and the average is one and one-half rible night, when their home was swept down a college degrees per family. Candidates in sight Himalayan mountain-side in the landslide known may raise that to two and one-half per family. ever since as the Darjeeling disaster. Thirteen children are doing graduate university work. Sixteen are on the mission fields, and five In the light of that record, as well as of others, more would be there if funds were available. the notation on one missionary's report is worth Twelve are planning to go to the mission field quoting: "Had the Board been 'more careful in when they finish school. Twenty-two are teachthe selection of their parents,' as suggested by the • Condensed from The Indian 1Vitnes8, Lucknow. ing in the United States in mission fields and nine-

teen are in other professional work. Nineteen parents' vocation, and many accept it for themhave gone into business. selves. But their great distinction seems to be, so far as our study goes, that these missionary In the noble army of students working their parents, who are so often misunderstood, and way through school, the child of missionary par- sometimes underestimated, who are so poor in ents has been a conspicuous, persistent, and re- this world's goods and so lavish in their spending sourceful figure. of life, have given their children the finest educa- tional preparation that comes to any group of This simple inquiry, though its modest scope American boys and girls, rich or poor. does not justify any sweeping statement, points plainly to the conclusion that to be doubly advan- We turn from this study with one conviction taged in the race of life, first, the candidate should more than ever fixed: whatever disappointment be born in a minister's home; and, second, the the foreign mi~sionary enterprise may have been parents should be among those who are accepted in other respects, and however the blame may be for foreign mission service. apportioned, something real and important has been going on under the roofs of missionary fam- The children of missionaries learn from many ilies. These people seem, in the ancient phrase, teachers outside of school. They tend to become to have deserved well of the commonwealth. cosmopolitan in their interests. The great majority of them have a profound respect for their The Cost of Being a Missionary* By the REV. EDWARD M. HAYMAKER, D.D., Guatemala City, Guatemala For Fifty Years a Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions THE average American home stands higher in on intimate terms with them, are wretched, dirty, practical comforts than any other. We live unsanitary and repugnant to you after your so less frugally than in Europe. Our boarding different life. Their food is the food of poverty schools, colleges and seminaries have been well very different from what you have been used to, endowed and there seems to be a rivalry among and is at first distasteful and even repugnant, them in the matter of student comfort that puts especially when you see it prepared. the best at the service of all. In the educational world this is carried still further by fraternity If you are going to get close to them you will and sorority life. After living most comfortably have to sacrifice your appetite, your taste, your from birth to ordination or its equivalent, and sense of cleanliness, your foreign manners, your having developed what non-Americans would call exactions of comfort in sleeping, eating, travela pampered life, the young missionary comes to ling, speed, relationships and what not. his field with the expectation of some sacrifice it is true, but you will necessarily find a great dif- You must be prepared for nonappreciation of ference between the sacrifices you have imagined your benevolence and the kindness of your misand are braced for, and the ones you really meet sion. You must expect to be misunderstood, and that catch you quite unprepared. misinterpreted, calumniated, suspected, accused falsely, lampooned, mobbed. Sometimes mission- Where the new missionary is likely to weaken aries have actually been unjustly jailed under is in the extent and scope of his sacrifice and its accusation of murder, revolution, fornication, perrelation to his main object. Are you burningly nicious activities, subversion of morals and faanxious to get into sympathetic touch with those naticism! They have been suspected by the people you want to reach, and will you sacrifice comfort, they came to bless with the Gospel and have been health, money interests, individual tastes, repu- maliciously accused of theft, fraud, political intation, ambitions, family …… anything at all trigue, spying and horse-stealing. They have been that stands in the way of that closeness and sym- threatened by people in authority with imprisonpathy that marks the Spirit of Christ and that ment in the national penitentiary, with a fine, and alone will attain the results you are after? with all sorts of indefinite punishments that took it for granted that we were either degenerates or Most of the people that need you most, that you criminals of the lowest order….. . want to reach, live in out-of-the-way country districts. Their houses, where you will often have The principle is a simple one: Have you a conto put up and where you ought by all means to get secration that will balk at no sacrifice that helps you to sympathetic identification with the people * From Guatemala NeW8. you came to save?

Are Christian Missions

While? * By L. G. H. SARSFIELD, M.Sc., M.LE.E., A. Inst. P., London, England H ow is activity in any sphere justified? One when the risen Christ met His disciples after the may look to at least four lines in order to resurrection. The Galilean meeting, it is signifi- draw some valid conclusions-demand, cant to note, was by appointment made before authority, precedent, and results. the crucifixion. He said to his chosen apostles: These four lines of inquiry may be profitably "All power is given unto me in heaven an.d in examined in the case for Christian missions. earth. Go ye therefore and teach all nations, bap- What are Christian missions? What is their tizing them and teaching them to observe all aim? This is set forth in the magnificent mes- things whatsoever I have commanded you; and sage which Christ, catching the prophetic word of lo! I am with you alway."

Isaiah, used when He announced His program in Compelling as the command is of itself, it is the Synagogue of Nazareth- not an isolated dictum born of a spontaneous idea.

To preach the gospel to the poor; It is the crystallizing into a definite instruction To heal the brokenhearted; the principles for carrying on the work which To preach deliverance to the captives; Christ during His ministry inaugurated with the The recovery of sight to the blind; same universal aim. His message was: "For God To set at liberty them that are bruised; so loved the world that he gave his only begotten Son that whoso believeth in him should not perish To preach the acceptable year .of the Lord.

The Christian missionary's task is to continue but have everlasting life." the preaching of the Good News-the revelation of God's manifestation of Himself in Jesus Christ, The Christian missionary movement is not the message of redemption from sin through the based only on one single passage from the Found- Cross and the hope of eternal union with God. er of the faith. The missionary enterprise is The Christian missionary knows and declares woven into the very fabric of Christ's teaching, that Christ's "touch has still its ancient power" personality, and work, and in addition to the colto heal, to deliver, to give sight and to set. at lective command after Christ's ascension specific liberty. instructions were given to individuals. Two ex- amples will serve. First, Paul, at his conversion, Christ Himself originated Christian mISSIOns received his call to missionary service through and thrust forth His disciples with stirring Ananias to whom the Lord had said, "He is a words. Christ then is our authority. chosen vessel unto me to bear my name before Authority for Christian Missions the Gentiles and Kings and the children of We accept the Bible as the Word of God, Jesus Israel." Christ as the unique Son of God, and the Gospels Second, Philip, when released from his duties as a true record of the facts concerning His life, teachings, death and resurrection. as deacon in Jerusalem, went down to Samaria and in the middle of a successful preaching cam- Christ gave definite instructions to His dis- paign had a most interesting foreign missionary ciples: "Go to the lost sheep of the House of call to go "unto Gaza which is desert." There a Israel, as ye go preach, . . . heal the sick, cleanse man of Ethiopia was converted. Thus Christian the lepers, raise the dead, cast out devils, freely gladness was first brought to Africa's Negro ye have received, freely give." Christ's purpose of mercy included the Gentiles. "He shall show races.. judgment to the Gentiles … and in his name How could the Apostles and early Christians shall the Gentiles trust." forbear to embark on the missionary enterprise After the crucifixion the scope of the commis- which has in greater or lesser degree continued sion to the disciples is widened to the whole world ever since? Does this command to spread the Gospel apply to disciples in a later generation? Does it confer • A paper read before a philosophical and religious club lu London. any obligation upon Christians of the present The club includes Protestants, Roman CathOliCS, .Jews and Agnostics.

[39 ]

day? Yes. First, the task set was of stupendous of his life to inauguration of Christian missions magnitude, such as could not be accomplished in in Japan and parts of India?

the lifetime of those who received the message Then Carey in the eighteenth and nineteenth and therefore would have to be carried on by suc- centuries became the leader of modern Christian cessors. Indeed, it is not yet finished. Second, missions in India.

the promise, "Lo! I am with you alway, even Frederick Stanley Arnot, himself a missionary unto the end of the world," carries the quality of for 30 years in Central Africa, says of Living- perpetuity, i. e., it is not restricted to personal stone, whose work he continued: "Everyone limits but it is a universal promise for all time. looked upon him as a benefactor and his sermons The call to Christian missionary service still were learned off by heart by the Africans." What comes from the same source as of old, and is con- sort of sermons were they? David Livingstone straining men and women now to carry the Gos- told the natives of God's love, but did not forget pel to dark and needy places of the earth and to to tell them of sin and the need for repentance.

suffer many things for Christ's sake. The com- Here is a bit of a Livingstone sermon recited by mand "Go ye," sounding over the Galilean hills a blind old native: "You people of the Makalolo, 2,000 years ago, echoes down the ages, and is you great men and warriors, I tell you you are heard by servants of God today and is born in not great men. You are bad and mean…. This on the consciousness by the Holy Spirit who was is a great evil. The Evangel has gone into all the sent, as Jesus Christ Himself said, "to teach … world to teach men that to be great is to be good."

to bring all things to your remembrance." How many Chinese trace to Hudson Taylor and The Christian Evangel has gone forth. The the China Inland Mission their knowledge C1f God history of missions brings us into contact with and emancipation from traditional and religious heroes of the faith; we see the records of epic bondage?

adventure and mark the tale of sacrifice and pri- Do we envy James Chalmers, the Scottish mis- vation by which the light has been brought to sionary to New Guinea and the South Sea Islands, them that sit in darkness and the shadow of that which led Robert Louis Stevenson to say of death. As I understand these things the author- him: "He is all gold, a rowdy fellow but a hero– ity is definite. you can't weary me with him, he is as big as a The Precedent for Christian Missions house and far bigger than any church"? C. T. Studd, leader of the famous Cambridge It would be outside the scope of human power Missionary Seven, founded the Heart of Africa to judge the validity of any particular call to mis- Mission. Studd, a cricket blue and representative sionary work or to assign the ultimate value of of England, turned from the life of security at that work. We can, however, view the historic home which opened up to him and devoted him- background so as to draw some broad conclusions self to the proclamation of the Gospel in darkest on fairly accepted principles. This subject of Africa.

precedent admits of interpretation from another Space does not permit us to dwell on Hanning- point of view-that associated with the example ton of Uganda, Grenfell of Labrador, and a hun- of men and women who have borne the message. dred more. They call the Church of Christ today We cannot look back at those who have now laid to follow in their train. These are men whose down the torch without observing that they were challenge should receive some reply. They say to characterized by spiritual power, indomitable us now words like St. Paul's: "Be ye followers of courage, strong character and lofty purpose. As me, even as I also am of Christ." The precedent we review the noble army I think we achieve a is a strong one.

certain maturity of thinking which is construc- The Need for Christian Missions tive.

Let St. Paul come first. What tireless feet, Let us consider the present-day need in a two- what burning zeal, what loyal devotion, as he fold way.

journeyed in Asia, sailed the seas, pressed on to First, how do we see the moral and spiritual Athens and nome-now declaring his new life to need of China and Japan, India and Burma, the Jews, now laboring for his daily bread, now Persia, Russia, Africa, South America? China is eloquent among the Greeks-always uplifting now rocked by internal and international quar- Christ who had revealed Himself to him. rels, the despotism of the paternal rule which Who can tell the debt which under God we owe found its maturity in ancestor and spirit worship, to Saint Augustine who organized the early the Tauism which started as a philosophy and Church in England? developed into idolatry, the dead ethical code of Was it not Francis Xavier who, in the middle Confucianism, the pantheistic supineness of Bud- of the sixteenth century, followed up the pioneer dhism have left the millions of China uneducated, Portuguese merchant mariners and devoted years superstitious and a prey to action and counter-

WHY ARE CHRISTIAN MISSIONS WORTH WHILE?

action of faction – armies and organized ban- touchables, 80 million Mohammedans and five milditry. lion Christians.

The Chinese youth grow up dissatisfied with The Hindus are bound in the inflexible caste religion and government (or the lack of it) ,- system by which, as Sir George McMunn says in nationalist influence is strengthening. his new book, "The Underworld of India," every form of social life and occupation means a rec- Has Russia, in its present reconstructional ognized place high or low stamped and sealed by tantrum, any need of missionary effort? Russia religious laws. This exclusiveness distinct enough has nominally thrown over religion, and now is between caste and caste is shown up most sharpbeing organized on an anti-God basis. Draw back ly in its ostracism of the poor outcast whose lot the curtain of agnosticism that hid the heart of is a very terrible one. He is consigned to the Russia's late hero, Lenin, and we see that even meanest tasks, he must not be near a caste man, he betrayed symptoms of man's universal desire his children may not enter into schools and his to bestow worship on some object? Basil Mat- contact with a caste man must be paid for by the thews writes: "One day he led a group of revolu- latter with heavy religious penalties. tionaries on a pilgrimage to Karl Marx's grave at Highgate. There, with hat off, Lenin mur- Mr. Gandhi says, "The outcaste untouchables mured a prayer to Marx." Is there not to be are treated as if less than beasts. If it were posfound here something of the incurably religious sible to deny them the privileges of the other spirit in man? Russia has lost its sense of per- world it is highly likely that the defenders of the spective and has been blinded to the essential monster (caste) would isolate them in the other relativity of spiritual and temporal values. world." Then within the caste system itself con- ditions are incomprehensible. The insecurity of The Bolshevist achievement and program are womankind, the universal child marriages, the staggering in their greatness but they are short horrors of childbirth, the shame of widowhood, of greatest, without God. How many thousand the exhaustion of manhood, the prevalence of diswords have been devoted lately to "Russia To- ease, the lack of education-these things and day" ? One aspect which seems to emerge, is that more give ample reason for such facts as this that authority and routine is exercised with rigidity, every generation sees the death of three million harshness bordering on cruelty. The Master of mothers in the agonies of childbirth and this, that the Temple once wrote, "Christianity is democ- the average life of Indian inhabitants is 23 years. racy touched with revelation." Russia's democ- To this the Hindu answers "Karma-Kismet"- racy needs the touch of Christian revelation, the an enigmatic fate. newness of life that follows vital union with Christ. There are thousands of temples to Kali, the goddess of destruction, and to Vishnu and In Japan we see a populous educated people Krishna. When every allowance is made for the full of inquiry, restless, unsatisfied either with Hindu religion by which the continuation of the age-old superstitution, Shintoism, Buddhism, or world, the procreation of the body, is an absorb- Marxism. In these countries their historic reli- ing duty so that things of sex and human passion gions have failed and this fact is being grimly at- are worshipped there is much in Hinduism which tested in a very practical way in China, reverting is difficult to defend. Robert Bernays, reviewing to China for a moment where the governments are McMunn's book, says, "Personally I find Benares commandeering religious temples for offices and quite nauseating. All its untidy splendor and its similar general purposes. Individuals are every- eerie fascination do not obscure the sadism and where declaring the insecurity of their old beliefs, unasochism, vice and ignorance-every form of still trying almost hopelessly the tricks of the bestiality masquerading as a religious exultation. fortune tellers, still escaping obligation by death I do not think," Bernays continues, "that any at their own hand. These things loudly declare man who has studied Hinduism at close quarters a need. In the Christian message there is the would ever report the popular fiction that one re- "sure and steadfast hope." Instead of insecurity ligion is as good as another." there is faith in Christ who said "I am the truth." Instead of accommodated truth of Buddhism Katherine Mayo, whose book, "Mother India," there is forgiveness of sins through Christ's sac- paints a picture in darker colors and with bolder rifice. Instead of fatalism, there is a call to fight strokes than I would reproduce says: "The Indian the good fight, instead of the divorcing of the wields and hugs his chains and with violence detheory of moral belief from moral practice. fends them. No agency but a new Spirit within his own breast can set him free." That new India-what a tale of need she can tell! A sub- spirit is exactly what Christ gives. Jesus said to continent with over 350 million native people Nicodemus: "Ye must be born again," and goes speaking 200 separate languages. There are ap- on to tell him that this new and everlasting life proximately 240 million Hindus, comprising 2,000 born 'of the Spirit is a mysterious but no less different castes, and 80 million outcasts, or un-

positive possession received in response to belief worships afford him no other inspiration than in the Son of God. fear and to appease them the toll of life is a long The Mohammedans of India, says a recent and sad one.

government census, are the most backward peo- I want to picture two scenes. In the center of ple of all the provinces of India. Though freed the first is an open grave. On the edge of the in a measure from infant marriage and enforced grave sits a tiny child. In the grave is the dead widowhood Mohammedan women have little but body of the mother, victim of some plague.

purdah with its demoralizing influences, its un- Around the grave is a large party of natives who healthy conditions, its restriction in every form are singing, shouting and making the rudest din.

to look forward to. Yet the Mohammedan or- While this progresses they are watching to see ganization has vast resources, a very full litera- whether the child will fall upon the body of the ture, a comprehensive system of missionary en- mother. If so, the child has been called by the terprise-how can it countenance these things? spirits to join the mother in the spirit journey This question is easier to put than to answer. and it is buried alive. This, alas, too often occurs.

Islam is a religion asserting the unity of God, In the second picture we see a native household the power of His will and in possession of a in mourning. A native king has died. His spirit mysticism which has held the emotions and hearts will need company in the spirit world so a hun- of millions. Noone will deny that it has elements dred, perhaps more, of his retinue must die to of strength, vitality and truth. In spite of this join him.

Islam has proved itself inadequate to meet the Do not these things declare a need?

social, intellectual, moral and spiritual needs of These people need deliverance from their bond- humanity. "This failure," says Dr. Zwemer age.

speaking from the Christian standpoint, "is the We recall Christ's words: "To preach deliver- justification for missions to Mohammedans…. ance-to set at liberty them that are bound."

Islam has failed to meet the needs of childhood; These people need to be educated.. The various it is content with low ethical standards; it has governments seem very slow to undertake the through the example of Mohammed himself, his task either for financial or other reasons and so companions and Moslem saints, undermined hu- the missionaries must and the missionaries do.

man happiness by its well-known teaching re- But is ordinary education enough? These people garding polygamy, slavery, and the inferiority of need a knowledge of God and His love as revealed womanhood." I am aware of the championship in Jesus Christ. They need an understanding of of Mohammedanism by men such as the Aga right and wrong, a knowledge of forgiveness and Khan whose wealth backs considerable mission- a vital link with God. God is love and perfect ary enterprise in Western India where he is re- love casteth out fear.

garded almost as a deity, but I do not think he Why not teach ethics only? Because ethics can could deny the statements of R. E. Welsh in his only show a material ideal. Union with Christ book, "The Challenge to Christian Missions," that gives man assistance in his struggle. Welsh says Mohammedanism has arrested the development of that "The method of drilling in purely legal ethics every race it has won. was tried by Bishop Colenso experimentally in Islam has about 100 millions of adherents in Natal. He withheld the full Gospel from his Africa. It was here that Livingstone gained his Zulus and taught them the law of commandments, impressions of the Moslem, and they were most training them in simple morals and industry.

unsatisfactory. I wonder what it was in Islam When his preparatory work was completed his that made him say, "Mohammedans are unmiti- "School Kaffirs," set free to go their own way re- g-ated liars . . . worthless." Lunt says, "Islam turned to their old paganism again, reverting to has met men on their own level and has left them type. On the other hand the full Christian faith where they were." proved itself most powerful for the moral de- Time forbids our consideration of many types velopment of immature races. It has certainly of Africa, the Arab, the Zulu, the pigmy, the to be taught by missionaries who have Moses'

black giant. May I, however, direct thought for gift as much as St. John's.

a moment to the great central belt, comprising We have not mentioned South America-a land Angola, French Equatorial, Congo BeIge, Tan- nominally Roman Catholic but actually outside ganyika Territory, Kenya, where the people, the Church and in many cases observing religious saturated with animism, live in constant fear of rights incorporating a mixture of Roman and spirit enemies and where the witch doctor wields pagan ideas-nor the islands of the sea, isolated undisputed sway. The African native adores and often forgotten.

nature and is an expert at natural history, but The same principles hold in the need of all he has no weapon with which to combat disease primitive native races all round the globe.

and pests which assail him. The spirits that he It has been said that while pagan religions may

not be utter illusions they are often so imperfect results are obvious. Critics have advanced many and corrupted and so distort the truth that arguments against missionary effort in view of wherein they have hints of good they must be ful- what are in their opinion unsatisfactory results.

filled and consummated in Christ and wherein Lord Salisbury once said, "At the Foreign they are false and debasing they must be sup- Office the missionaries are not popular." Lord planted by Christ. "Some better thing" justifies Curzon has said of missionaries that "It is im- His Church in superseding pagan faiths. Noth- possible to ignore the fact that these missionaries ing is so important to the races of mankind as are a source of political unrest," but he also said moral regeneration. "that governments should fight or that interna- Although these conditions constitute and ex- tional relations should be imperilled . . . would hibit a need, many cases can be cited in which strike him as but a feather's weight in the scale pagan races themselves articulate the call. compared with the final issues at stake, viz., that An interesting instance recently given publicity spiritual regeneration of a vast country and a by a broadcast by the Rev. Murray Walton of the mighty population plunged in heathenism and Church Missionary Society is that of Japan where sin."

evangelistic work has been actively prosecuted If Christ's missionaries are accused of produc- through the medium of the press.. The Rev. Mr. ing social and civic unrest they are only calling Walton takes advantage of one of the finest news- forth the same comment as did those of old of paper organizations in the world for spreading whom it was said, "these men have turned the the Gospel message by articles, advertisements of world upside down."

meetings, etc. Over 100,000 people have written On the other hand, however, the work of the for instruction and spiritual advice. Study Christian missionary is often of the greatest help courses for which the students pay a nominal fee to government officials in foreign countries. The are being largely taken up. By means of tens of missionary's skill in the fight against disease, the thousands of letters Japanese (mostly young peo- missionary's house as a place for parley in a dis- ple) are expressing the inability of their old re- pute, the missionary's wisdom in settlement of ligions to meet modern problems, an intense long- tribal quarrels, are all things of definite value.

ing for guidance in life, a desire for knowledge Traders frequently complain that missionaries of the righteousness of God, the message of the "spoil the natives" for productive work. This ac- Cross of Christ and Christian discipleship. cusation may be partially true, but it is generally News comes from all over China telling of in- unfair for two reasons. First of all the trader vitations to overworked missionaries to visit vil- rarely credits the missionary with opening up the lages with the Gospel. country in which he is getting his gains; second, From India goes up the cry of thousands of the native who has been influenced by Christian- needy men and women, boys and girls, for love ity and finds a new responsibility in home and and care, for truth and light. Mothers are be- village life will not be free for the exacting con- seeching for entrance to Christian maternity ditions, indiscriminate trekking and various ir- homes, men are knocking at the door of Christian regularities attaching to getting difficult jobs hospitals and medical establishments. done in the cheapest and quickest way.

"A shower of rain does not water the earth." A case lending support to the missionary's posi- That was said by an African chief recently to a tion is recorded of an English trader in Africa missionary of the Sudan United Mission. The who, finding the work of evangelized natives so chief was pleading for more frequent visits to his much superior to that of raw native, and finding people, who hear the Gospel only once a year or the former so much more contented and fearless, even more seldom. Missionary doctors all over has organized Christian missionary effort among the African continent are writing home saying his own men on his farm where facilities for that they cannot cope with the demand for their regular worship and religious instruction are ministry of healing and their teaching of the good afforded.

news. The late Dan Crawford, missionary and trav- And so throughout the world instances can be eler in Africa, tells in his book, "Thinking Black,"

multiplied of the same sort of thing. of the clearing of the "long grass," the planting Opposition there is and always will be for the of gardens, the building of orderly villages and Christian advance must meet the forces and the establishment of comparatively prosperous vested interests of ignorance and evil-but the domestic communities as a direct result of Chris- demand for Christian missions is urgent. tian witness, example and cooperation. Dr. Mof- The Results of Christian Missions fat's dream of Christian homesteads, railways traversing Mrica and steamboats plying its The ultimate value of Christian missions is im- lakes, has come true.

possible of assessment, but some of the immediate Only a month or so ago a missionary of the

African Inland Mission told me of an illuminat- These things have come in a thousand ways ing conversation between a trader and a native. through lives being changed, vision being given, The trader, seeing an old man outside his hut purpose being ennobled, by Christ, and we are reading his Bible while besidE:: him a communal reaping the fruit of His toil and that of His dismeal in a vast vessel was in process of cooking said, "What are you reading that silly old book ciples. for?" The old man explained that in it he found In the mission field at this moment lives are comfort, instruction, good news about God, and besides, he continued, "if you'd come here 20 being changed by the power of Christ. The facts years ago before we had that 'silly old book,' you are unassailable. Names and labeling may differ would probably be in that silly old pot to make us from observer to observer, but associated with our silly old supper." the preaching of the Gospel heathen men and women are receiving new experience and are en- In connection with the getting rid of witchcraft tering a new heritage which is both uplifting the work of the missionaries was commended only and expanding. recently by Lord Buxton, the President of the African Society. Christian missions are not merely Westerniz- ing the East, but they are returning to the world The words of Lord Lawrence years ago still with the gift of the Middle East. Nor did Christ have abiding value: "Notwithstanding all the omit instructions in decorum when he said, English people have done to benefit India the mis- "When ye enter a house salute it." Obviously no sionaries have done more than all other agencies methods of force are permissible. The evangelist combined." must go forth in the Spirit of Christ.

An important factor in the development of Whatever the collective results of Christian mankind is its literature. In scores of cases the missions may be the essential product in the in- Christian missionary has opened up the possibili- dividual is the thing that matters and men are ties of reading to backward native communities being led to contemplate and in small measure who could neither read or write. He has given to approach unto "the stature of the fulness of them as their first literature the Bible-or parts Christ." of it-in their own vernacular. There are about 26,000 Protestant Christian Returning home for a moment, perhaps it is missionaries now on the lists of active service and humiliating to recall that only 1,500 years ago annually some $50,000,000 is spent in the enterin this island of ours cannibalism was still ex- prise. We canot gauge the work by the money istent. Happily we have made strides since then. spent nor by man-hours or missionary-years. A Education had its nursery in the Church. Admit- missionary doctor friend of mine in the Congo ting all the failings of modern civilization, as we writes: "If the teaching of Christ is of more know it in England, who can dispute the amazing value (i. e., in terms of the absolute, truer) than progress which has been achieved down the cen- what 'heathen nations' use for the basis of their turies? I think it is impossible to divorce our living, then to bring it by word and example to enlightenment today from Christian influences. their notice is not only justifiable but to omit to do so is criminal selfishness."

CHRISTIANITY AND JUDAISM-TRUE AND FALSE Rabbi Ferdinand M. Isserman, Temple Israel, St. Louis, Missouri, spoke in his synagogue on Good Friday a year or so ago on the topic: "Can the Synagogue Accept Jesus Christ?" He said: "It is true that Christianity, as a religion, is not responsible for the persecution of the Jew. Those who persecuted Jews, those who hated, those who oppressed, those who massacred, even if they did it in the name of Christianity, did so in violation of its spirit. That national- ism animates Christians today, that our unjust social order is tottering, that wars are in the offing in states dominated by Christians, in civilizations controlled by Christians, is not a re- flection upon Christianity but rather an indication that its ethical and spiritual message has failed fully to permeate the hearts and souls of those who subscribe to it. Just as it is unfair to hold Judaism responsible for the sins of a few Jews in Hollywood or in Berlin or in New York, so it is unfair to judge Christianity by those of its sons who, by their brutality, have been treasonable to its genius and to its spirit. If Christian civilization is at the present mo- ment characterized by social injustice, by the threat of war, by race prejudice, it is not because of, but in spite of, the Christian message. Christianity is no more responsible for the machina- tions of Hitler than Judaism is responsible for a few exploiters who happen to be Jews."

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1 Effective Ways of Working i I 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO @tcilll=~- – – = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = – – – '

THE CHANGELESS CHRIST seriously wrong – not with our "practice of the presence of IN A NEW YEAR methods but with our dynamics. God"; the results of that per- We need not only to "Re-think sistent practice will be divine Seeking "Effective Ways of Missions" but to re-think the leadership in forming our plans, Working" in the task of making whole matter of our personal their infilling with the activating Christ known to the world is a Christianity and our public Power, and the outgoing of noble endeavor. The old Mes- church life. Apropos of the pro- Christ-born love of the uttermost sage, to be acceptable, needs to posed changes of the organiza- parts, as the much needed motibe cast in the mold of present- tion in Baptist missionary ma- vation. All this may be done in day thinking, aligned with new chinery, the editor of Missions modernized "ways of working." social trends and thought cur- says: There is no virtue in harking rents, garbed in the best mode of back to old trends and methods. the day and given a flavor assur- All proposals made at Washington Christ was the greatest iconoing its palatability. The com- (where the annual meeting of the de- clast and reformer of history. mendations received by this De- nomination was held last year) con- Instead of merely crying for "an partment editor, from the for- cern mechanics, whereas our primary old-fashioned revival of relieign as well as the home con- need is one of dynamics. Of what use gion," inclusive of missions, why stituency, testify to the keen are blueprint surveys of a machine, not drop the "fashion" as negrelish with which contributions gear shifts or wheel changes, or more ligible and concentrate on the to this department are appro- accurate articulation of cogs, if the Leadership and the Power? priated by missionary workers in power in the machine is lacking? We These are the needed dynamics. all divisions of church life. We have lost a dynamic. There is no Instead of juggling with the are endeavoring to do our mis- longer among us a driving urge to "old" and the "new," let us all sionary tasks in a more attrac- share the Gospel with the world. We earnestly seek an infilling with tive, pedagogical way than ever have lost an impelling conviction so the unchanging Spirit of God for before. finely expressed by the missionary our New Year's endeavor. conference at Jerusalem five years What is the reaction to the ago: Today I am more than ever conpragmatic test, namely, how does vinced that Jesus is indeed the Way, it "work"? While we are hop- . "We cannot live without Christ; the Truth, and the Life. History, ing much from the younger gen- and we cannot bear to think of men which has so often vindicated Hini, is eration now in training, we can- living without Him. Christ is our mo- certainly vindicating Him now. They not at present deny that the tive and Christ is our end. We must that took the sword are perishing with "Great Depression" seems to be give nothing less. We can give noth- the sword. They that sought selfishly at its maximum in the matter of ing more." to save their own lives and investmissions, and that the motiva- ments are losing them. A society ditions by which we have pre- But how can we give the world vided against itself is not standing. viously energized the enterprise something that we ourselves no longer A society which laid up for itself are failing us. Dr. H. Paul have? It is futile to attempt to re- treasures upon the earth_nd none in Douglas, of the University of organize the denomination if its moti- heaven-is going to pieces. And be- Chicago, sent out a questionnaire vating missionary spirit is no stronger hold what is being added unto a so- after reorganization than it was be- ciety that sought first not the King- fore. As Baptists we will make no dom of God but wealth, pleasure and further progress until that missionary power! Jesus is no longer on trial. urge and that impelling conviction are What is on trial is a civilization which recovered. Stanley Jones summarized piously called him "Lord, Lord," but it well: "We cannot go farther until refused to do the things which he we go deeper." commanded.

to 12,000 persons in twenty- What denomination facing its ERNEST FREMONT TITTLE.

eight denominations inquiring facts dares assert that the prob- THE MESSAGE OF THE their attitude toward foreign lem referred to above is limited MONTHS missions. Fifty-one per cent of to anyone? Think ye that these Baptists on whose world-wide The following program was those who replied indicated that endeavors the depression has given at a New Year's meeting they would hesitate or refuse to but may be adapted and used at support even the foreign mis- fallen were sinners above all men any time by having the year be- that sat in the church pews? "I sions of their own denomination. tell you, nay; but except ye re- If we face these facts with the candor which is a prime char- pent, ye shall all likewise perish."

acteristic of modern youth, we The supreme need of this day must admit that something is is for an intensive personal [45 ]

gin with the month of the meet- deemed obsolescent, any line of tion and beginnings of Baptist Chrising. In the introduction one per- endeavor or study which serves tian Centers. 5. Immigration. A woman gowned son represented the Old Year and to anchor faith to Jesus Christ in flowing white robe holds a Bible in a young mother and her baby the is a life-saver until the new day one outstretched hand and an elevated New Year. As they passed from dawns when Christianity shall light in the other, while a group rep- resenting a variety of foreign folk the platform, others dressed in come into its own supreme place kneels before her during the singing appropriate costumes appeared, the world over. The entire Year of "Send Out Thy Light" as a solo. each one bringing a missionary Book of 35 pages gives evidence message. January told of unoc- that its planners have put first 6. Christian Education. Tableau of group of college young people in caps cupied fields in which the denom- things first, but our space limi- and gowns with local college banner ination had no work. Feb- tations will admit of only a few and Christian flag displayed, the pianist playing softly a medley of colruary's theme was love gifts. comments on its mission pro- lege songs. March told of St. Patrick. April gram features. described the rainy season in 7. White Cross. Mission hospital At all of the monthly meetings scene with nurse opening box of sup- India. May suggested scatter- -part of which open in the plies and talking to herself on the ing in the missionary's pathway usefulness of the contents. mornings and part in the afterflowers of appreciation, love, 8. India. The actual mother of a support and prayer (fine for the noons-an industrial session for missionary in India reading aloud a devotional service). June was "Dorcas work" is followed by a letter from her son, this being fol- feature luncheon, supper or din- lowed by a few feet of moving picdressed as a bride and told of the ner as the case may be, then a tures appropriate to the theme. child brides of India. JUly business session, "Songs of The postlude presented two young brought a patriotic Home Mis- Praise," "Prayer Light" (devo- women in white, one seated and the sion message. August told how other kneeling, while they gave as a tionals), and a missionary pro- dialogue "The Other Mary" (by the missionaries spend their va- gram fostered by one of the decations. September described partments of activity. The pro- Esther Wood and Anna Swain), in- school days in America and clusive of "WomanhQod made the light other countries (an opportunity gram year opened in October a rich and glowing thing." After to present missionary educa- with a unique service called "A pledging many to carry the light, the tional work). October gave a Tournament of Lights," the pre- ceding luncheon having been pageant closed with a solo, "0 light, that lightest all my Way"-this being the second stanza of the familiar summary of the work of the mis- termed a "Twilight Supper." hymn, "0 Love That Will Not Let sionaries. November described The service proved to be a pag- Me Go." the landing of the Pilgrims in eant previewing all the forth- This pageant is serving as a America and the first Thanks- coming programs. The chairman "table of contents" for the meetgIvmg. December's theme was of the committee writes: the birth of Christ. ings of the year, the topics to be The leaders for the entire year, each presented month by month in the The above, adapted from "Program costumed in harmQny with her pro- consecutive order of the epi- Pointers," by Elizabeth I. Fensom, has great gram and carrying a lamp, lantern or sodes. Thus, in November, after possibilities for a missionary presentation in torch, formed a procession down the a "Shadow Luncheon" with any department of the Church life, even at a Sunday evening service, sides of the hall and proceeded to the African decorations of crepe platform where they formed a chorus A NEW PROGRAM SERIES singing the theme song. With the paper foliage, jungle scenes, etc., room in darkness except fQr the foot- the "distributors" fostered a pro- The Rainbow Programs, con- lights, it afforded an impressive be- ginning. The following episodes were gram on "Sunbeams in a Dark tributed by the Woman's Society then staged: Continent," Africa being the speof the First Baptist Church of Santa Ana, California (Feb., 1. The Children's World Brigade cial topic for children this year. (the younger children). In an African In December, "the followers of 1933), have spread courage and setting, a group of little "home-made" the gleam" (W. W. G. advisers) cheer among our readers, judg- darkies sat about a camp fire while "NQbody Knows the Trouble I've Seen" sponsored the program on "The ing from the number of inquiries was sung as a solo. Light of the Star" given by the and comments received by your Department editor. A fresh key- 2. The World-Wide Guild (young young women, the luncheon hav- women's organization). A large star ing been termed "Starlight"- note, which seems most timely in in the center of the stage shed its carried out in the Guild colors this bewildered period of mis- radiance. A blue candle in graceful sionary thinking, is sounded in holder was lighted. Guild girls off and soft shaded lights suggestive the new program booklet of the stage sang their theme song, "Follow of the Star. For the "Sunshine the Gleam." Breakfast," in January, the comsame organization – "Light on 3. Civics department. Two leaders mittee suggests breakfast dishes Life's Highway"; "The spirit of seated at library table containing a to justify the title-eggs, sauman is the candle of the Lord"- globe of the world; the click of a the year's motto being, "Jesus, mailbox and receipt of a letter from sage, etc. The program, by the the Light of the world" and the the Book Reviewer accepting her place Civics Committee, will be on on the program, and then a brief dia- "Dawning Light for Industry"- theme song, "The Light of the logue regarding the study book, a book review with two "tenders World Is Jesus." With "founda- "Christianity and Industry." 4. Christian Centers (for Amer- of the light" in charge of the tions afloat," religious thinking icanization work). Costumed leaders, confused and the missionary one Japanese and the other Mexican, meeting. February, with its enterprise either under fire or give a sketchy talk on number, loca- "Beacon Lights" in charge of the "keepers of the light," will bring

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

a meal, "Una Comida de Esti- senting workable p I a n s for institutes, church family discusmo," prepared and served by teaching Christian world friend- sions and conversations, cooper- Mexican women, the church folk ship in concentrated form or by ative community service, etc.

paying by the plate. This was a the once-a-month method. Great "Working for Causes that great source of delight last year. variety is suggested all the way Count" covers the answer to the The immigration topic in March from the best use of a guest practical query, "What have you will be "Lanterns in Their speaker; a spicy question box in done about it?"-translating the Hands," directed by two "lan- which pertinent questions such foregoing ideas into action.

tern lighters," the "Feast of as "Why are some missionary Among these suggestions are Lanterns" preceding featuring meetings "so dull, while others thoroughly practical plans for lanterns as table decorations and are among the most interesting promoting better race relations, some foreign dish as a piece de of our meetings – culling from dealing with the major problems resistance. Christian Education your own personal experience?" before our country and the world has its "Candle Light Dinner" World-fellowship soc i a I eve- today and mapping out young and its "torch-bearer leaders": nings; missionary dramatiza- people's especial part in meeting White Cross its "Spotlight Lun- tion, etc., to projects in which the important issues of the day cheon," its theme of "Service the members divide into groups, both at home and abroad.

Lights" under the direction of each group presenting in an One of the most important three "senders of the light": the original way one of the projects. chapters in the book is on "Our India meeting a "Lamplight "The Sunday Morning Ses- Church Projects-and Money." Luncheon"-old-fashioned lamps sion" is the next topic. The in use, its topic, "Our Lamp- tried-and-proved-good plans of a This deals with unobjectionable, lighters in Assam," and its "re- live World Friendship class in spiritualized methods of moneyflectors" as leaders. July will Oak Park; the Chinese festival; raising. Chapter VI brings the have a "Firefly Luncheon" (but- the World Service Plan; the spe- whole discussion to a focus in terflies, crepe paper fireflies and cial use of discussions; the di- "Why Do We Do These Things ?" dainty light effects), its topic rections for study courses and of "Flashlights," and the society the all-school projects are prom- This last topic reaches to the officers as conductors. inent topics. Here is a sample of roots of missionary motivation, the last item in the way of an demonstrating that "our major NEW WAYS FOR NEW India World Friendship project: DAYS modern motives can arouse as Our church school actually became much enthusiasm and consecra- It is a truism universally ac- alive. Classes voluntarily came to- tion as the old motive of 'saving cepted that" the hope for the fu- gether during the week to work on the heathen from hell.' " the project. Many were not ready to The concluding appendix gives ture of missions is with the leave when closing time came on Sunyoung people." But its recogni- day morning. I heartily believe that a down to date list of books, many of our boys and girls will have plays, courses of study, pictures, tion falls short of its activation, a friendly attitude toward the people maps, treatises on methods of missionary education for young people, etc. This little pamphlet for which a program of develop- of India as long as they live. During can hardly fail to awaken ":real those six weeks each department made ment acceptable to these young concern for others, respect for its own distinctive approach and personality, the desire for the people is necessary. John Leslie fullest possible life for all peo- Lobingier has recently made a everyoody worked hard. Some of the young people's groups made a study worthy contribution to the enter- of handicaps to progress in India and ple, and a world in which justice in the United States. Some considered prise in his little pamphlet, What the religions of India and worked on and good will hold sway."* Shall We Do About Missions? notebooks in the form of letters about THE SPIRIT QUICKENTH Plans and Methods for Young Christianity. Some of the older young People. This pUblication is people considered the position of wom- After all, it is the spirit in meant for use in a six-session en in modern India and also India's which religious work is done course for young people in sum- history, poetry, literature and philos- which really is important. Only mer conferences, local churches ophy. When the closing day of the men and women in personal reor training institutes, or as an year came, Children's Day, most of lationship with the Holy Spirit informational hand book for pas- the members of the school felt that to receive His teaching, feel His tors, Sunday school superintend- an unusual extent they had realized power and become His effective ents, or merely as a basis for their aim – an understanding of this agents. Without these they are group discussion among the great land and its people. but sounding brass and tinkling young people themselves. While cymbals-sound but no reality, some of its points are familiar, Deeming it necessary that noise but no power. Neither its well arranged subject matter part of our young people's activ- plans, however clever, nor orcannot fail to improve young ity should be in participation ganizations, however efficient, people's missionary education with the rest of the church mem- can accomplish spiritual results activities and vitalize their bership, the next chapter is giv- unless they are spiritually conworld-friendship program. en to "Members of Our Church ceived, inspired and supported. Family," including detailed de- The first discussion is on "Our scriptions of an all-church proj- * Published by The Pilgrim Press, Boston Sunday Evening Meeting," pre- ect, dinners conducted by the young people, world friendship and Chicago. Price, 25 cents.

~' '~

BULLETIN OF I The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~I~~~~======================I~'

Grant me Thyself, 0 Saviour kind, ever shall receive me receiveth friendly world in which the in- Thy Spirit undefiled; Him that sent me: for he that is terests of all nations are closely least among you all, the same is intertwined. By these cards the That I may be in heart and mind great. Committee on World Friendship As gentle as a child; among the Children, 287 Fourth *** Avenue, New York, N. Y., in- That I may tread life's arduous ways vites American boys and girls to As Thou Thyself has trod, The Annual Meeting of the join in a great world fellowship of friendly boys and girls. Ar- And in the might of prayer and praise Home Missions Council and the rangements have been made with Keep ever close to God. the Departments of Education of Council of Women for Home certain selected countries to re- -Source Unknown. Missions will be held January ceive these cards. Other projects 8-11, 1934, in the Fifth Ave- promoted by the Committee in- In the beginning God . …. . nue Presbyterian Church, New clude World Goodwill Messages, In the beginning was the York City, with preliminary the idea of which originated in Word ….. . Wales and now are exchanged by meetings January 7-8. Two full children of many countries on The young p r inc e Isaiah days will be given to the consid- World Goodwill Day, May 18, prophesied, eration of the report of the Com- 1934.

The people that walked in mittee on Comity and Five-Year WORLD DAY OF PRAYERdarkness have seen a great Program of Survey and Adjustlight: they that dwelt in the ment. The report of the Special FEBRUARY 16,1934 land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined. Committee of Review and Fore- Two of the leading newspapers of Helena, Montana, in 1933 car- For unto us a child is born cast will also be presented and ried good editorials concerning unto us a son is given; and the discussed. This Committee con- the annual observance of the government shall be upon his sists of eighteen outstanding World Day of Prayer on the first shoulder; and his name shall be clergy, laymen and laywomen, Friday in Lent of each year-a call e d Wonderful Counsellor, day of meditation and prayer Mighty God, Everlasting Father, and has been at work during the promoted jointly by the Council Prince of Peace. Of the in- last six months. The book, of Women for Home Missions, crease of his government and of "Home Missions Today and To- the Federation of Woman's peace there shalt be no end . …. morrow," containing the reports, Boards of Foreign Missions, and and upon his Kingdom, to estab- will be available in January. the National Council of Federlish it, and to uphold it with jus- The book, "Religion in the High- ated Church Women. One editice and with righteousness from lands," which concerns a study tor wrote: henceforth even forever. The physician Luke wrote that Jesus made by Elizabeth R. Hooker of Whatever else we may think of the when there arose questioning "Native Churches and Mission- idea of prayer, even the man on the among his disciples as to which ary Enterprises in the Southern street must recognize that the source of them was greatest, took a of endurance of many stalwart souls, little child and set him by his Appalachian Area," may be or- courageous in times of greatest trouble side and said, Whosoever shall dered now. The theme of the and stress for themselves and others receive this little child in my Annual Meetings has not been is the same as with the Psalmist of name receiveth me: and whoso- old who sang of the help which came determined but it will be one ex- from "the Lord who made heaven and pressing religious vitality and earth."

plans for advance in the building And the other wrote: of the Kingdom of God in America. Prayer has been the comfort of our mothers and fathers from the time A WORLD OF FRIENDLY civilization awoke. In times of stress BOYS AND GIRLS they rested their faith in the power of prayer and were made at peace. In "If I had wings I would fly to these modern times, we have strayed visit you. Instead I send you this Friendship Picture Card.

Your new friend ."

This message in French, Span- ish, and English, is found on five beautiful, color e d friendship post-cards prepared to portray a [48 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

far from the wholesome institutions Migrant Families. This year saw, wipes away his tears when and beliefs of the founders of this only about 4,000 of 200,000 chil- he tumbles and bumps his head, nation. dren of the families who move helps him eat his vegetable soup in search of work are cared for. without spilling, and lies down As a united interdenomina- beside him and puts his arm tional Day for both home and (4) Religious Education Di- around him as they go to sleep foreign missions, the first ob- rectors in Government Indian in rest hour. servance was in 1920, but the be- Boarding and Day Schools; they ginnings were really long before need Christian neighbors and MIGRANT MOVIES then. The observance became friends especially during the world-wide in 1927. In the days of national crisis. The above is just one snapshot United States, the Day observed of activities at a migrant center. at first only by women, now is Offerings should be sent to the Council of Because so many friends of the kept by an increasing number of Women for Home Missions, 105 East 22d migrant children have been young people's groups and chil- Street, New York City, or to the Federation wanting to see where the midren, for whom special programs of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions, 419 grants work, how they live, how are wepared. The theme for Fourth Avenue, New York City, If sent the Council nurse is their conmeditation and prayer on Feb- undesignated to either headquarters, the con- stant friend and counselor, and ruary 16, 1934, the first Friday tribution will be divided equally among what happens at a migrant in Lent, is Pray for the Peace of these four missionary enterprises. center, moving pictures of the Jerusalem; and the Call has migrant laboring families and gone out to all the world. In the FRANKIE, A LITTLE the nationwide interdenomina- U. S. A. alone 450,000 Calls to FATHER tional program of the Council of Prayer have been distributed. Women for Home Missions Committees to prepare for the Clean-up time at the children's among them, are being prepared observance on March 8, 1935, center in the migrant camp "in and will be ready for use by Janwill be named in many places on cranberries," New Jersey, is at uary 15, 1934. February 16, 1934. hand. With the utmost care Frankie is washing his small NOMAD NEIGHBORS Free-will offerings are re- brother's face so as not to hurt ceived on the World Day of because the impetigo sores are so A new play in three acts has Prayer. In Portuguese West sensitive. Almost from the time been prepared by Miss Adela J. Africa, "the women came with these children are old enough to Ballard, depicting the problems baskets of corn, beans, cornmeal, play, they become "little fathers" of the migrant families and how eggs, chickens, and only a few or "little mothers" to the next the work of the many denominabrought money. When the of- younger child in the family. tions through the Council of ferings were counted and meas- Frankie watches over Jimmie Women for Home Missions is ured and sold, the gifts amounted constantly, sees that he has his helping them meet these probto ten dollars. Now I know, share of toys when they are dis- lems. Acquaintance with Mrs. (wrote the missionary), that ten tributed for playtime, watches Shott and her family brings a dollars from a group of two hun- that he has his turn on the see- realization of what the migrant dred and sixty women does not mother and each member of her seem much to you at home, but family face. Groups wanting to when you consider that the bring this situation of the chilweekly offering of about 500 peo- dren of migrant laborers to the ple scarcely averages one dollar attention of the public, and to you can see how well they did help in the work for the migrant do." By agreement of the families, are planning to present three national cooperating or- this playas a benefit, the proganizations (named above), the ceeds to be used in the Migrant interdenominational enterprises Work of the Council of Women chosen for the offerings given in for Home Missions. the U. S. A. on the World Day of Prayer are: Characters: In addition to a group of children, there are eighteen char- (1) Christian Literature for acters, though, with adaptation, it Women and Children in Mission would be possible to use a smaller cast. Lands; a book or magazine can carry the Christian message Time: 45 minutes. where a missionary cannot go. Price: 15 cents. There is no royalty charge. (2) Women's Union Christian Ready: January 15, 1934. Colleges in Foreign Fields; these colleges are graduating more "Am I a thief.?" than 200 young women each It is said that Mahatma Gandyear, and the influence they exert hi's definition of a thief is one is felt throughout the Orient. who has more than he needs when he knows of anyone who (3) Christian Service Among has less than he needs. Our W orld,wide Outlook ~ ~~~=== A M=iss=ion= ary~Ne~ wsp~ ape~ r o= f Cu=rre=nt E=ve= nts =~~~I~ GENERAL year $15,000,000 was the output ing that life unreservedly to the serv- from the cocoa bean industry in ice of foreign missions, and how great Missionaries-a World Asset Nigeria. a blessing has flowed into all Chris- tian churches through the interna- "Wherever the missionary H. B. Hunnicutt, of the South- tional character of that Church. works it is discovered that com- ern Presbyterian Church, pracmunities which had been a world tically revolutionized agricul- Baptis,ts to Meet in Germ• any liability have become a world tural methods in Brazil, and asset."-This is the observation Sam Higginbottom has done the The Executive Committee of of a business man. same for part of India. the Baptist World Alliance, has accepted the invitation of the In China the largest printing -Presbyterian Advance. Baptist Union of Germany to press in Asia grew out of the hold the Fifth Baptist World Presbyterian Mission Press at The World's Debt to Luther Congress in Berlin, Germany, Shanghai. Nanking University, from August 4 to 10, 1934. a union Christian institution, Upon the 450th anniversary There were present at the meetconducts laboratories for experi- of Martin Luther's birth one is ing representatives from Engmentation in improved cotton reminded of the contributions land, Germany, Canada, India, and sericulture w h i c h have which he made to the world, and from Northern, Southern, greatly increased the quality, either directly or by giving im- German, and Negro Baptists in output and demand for the prod- pulses which later developed into the United States. ucts. Animal husbandry experi- blessings. ment stations at Lingnan Chris- Startling Figures-Why? tian College have been the means 1. The open Bible. of making animal-breeding a 2. Supremacy of the Word. The six great powers, excludpaying industry. At Chuchow 3. Justification by faith. ing G e r man y, are spending municipal reports give mission- 4. A live religion. sixty-five per cent more on their aries credit for getting the first 5. Right of individual conscience. armies, navies and air forces, macadamized streets, building 6. Freedom of thought, speech and than they did in the year before public lavatories, cleaning up press. the World War. The United streets, planting trees, raising 7. Religious emancipation. States leads them all in the inflowers, and building railroads. 8. Civil liberty. crease of her expenditures, hav- An immense fruit shipping busi- 9. Direct approach to God-Priest- ing enlarged by 197 per cent ness has grown up on the coast hood of Believers. what she spends for military since Dr. Nevius, a Presbyterian 10. Popular education. purposes. Her total military and missionary, introduced Ameri- 11. Recognition of public opinion. naval expenditures for army, can varieties of fruit and im- 12. Nobility of life and labor. n a v y and aircraft advanced proved the native varieties. 13. The Evangelical Parsonage. from $244,600,000 in 1913 to 14. Worship in native tongue. $727,700,000 in 1930. Common American fruits, now 15. Congregational singing. profitable products of Japan, 16. A treasury of hymns. The United States apportioned were introduced by a Methodist 17. A great confession. 65.2 per cent of her 1932 budget missionary. Sugar-cane grow- for military purposes and for ing as an occupation for the na- A Great Missionary Church the costs of past wars (includtives of Natal, South Africa, ing the National Debt, which was introduced by Dr. James The Moravian C h u r c h has represents sums borrowed in Dexter Taylor, of the American probably been the greatest mis- war periods). This expenditure Board. This now provides eco- sionary force for its size since was divided as follows: nomic independence for hun- apostolic days. Says a writer in dreds of natives. National Defense …… $ 699,081,812 the InternatiorwJ Review 0/ Mis- War Pensions …….. 1,060,853,180 The native agricultural show Service on National Debt 1,010,682,563 at Old Umtali, South Africa, has sions of Moravian missions: grown out of the industrial mis- This makes a total expendisionary school of the Methodist The years are marked by unheard- ture caused by war and military Episcopal Board, where boys are of energy, untiring faithfulness and purposes of $2,770,617,555, or given practical demonstrations never-failing patience, always exer- more than the ordinary receipts in gardening and the keeping of cised among the poorest, most insig- or income of the United States, goats, sheep and fowls. Last nificant, broken and scattered peoples, which total only $2',121,228,006. races faced with extinction, and one does not know which deserves the greater admiration and thanksgiving: the burning, heroic love of the early days or the quiet, self-denying service carried on through the centuries…. The history of the mission shows how a tiny Church has preserved her life through two hundred years by devot- [50 J

HJ34j OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

In other words, the above means similar organizations have been which numbers not less than that for these war purposes awakening to the necessity of 400,000. This army of criminals every citizen of the United doing something more than con- is three times the size of the States over twenty-one years of ductmg prayer meetings, im- standing army of the United age must pay annually $46 plus portant as that activity is, and States. It costs the American before any of his tax is taken to some aspects of Christian dis- people not less than $13,000,- for the odinary purposes of gov- cipleship which go beyond the 000,000 annually. "Every year," ernment. Most citizens pay this obhgation to "take some part in says the Secretary, "12,000 pertax indirectly in the higher costs every meeting aside from sing- sons are murdered in the United of food and clothing. ing." They have become aware States; 3,000 are kidnapped; -Christian Advocate. of the problems of an imperfect- 100,000 are assaulted; and 50,- ly christianized society, and of 000 are robbed." The conquer- the responsibility of Christian The Bible in Many Tongues young people both to give a bet- ing of this army is everybody's ter ordering to their own social war. -Watchman-Examiner. The Bible or some part of it relationships and to bring their has appeared in 936 languages Cornell School for Missionaries and dialects. This figure, in influence to bear for the better which no duplication of lan- ordering of the whole social fab- The Fifth Annual Cornell guages or dialects occurs, repre- School for Missionaries will be sents the pUblications of the ric. held at the New York State Colthree major Bible Societies of As illustrative of this develop- lege of Agriculture at Cornell the world: American Bible So- University, January 23 to Febciety, British and Foreign Bible ment, the International Society ruary 17, 1934. Each mission- Society, National Bible Society of Christian Endeavor has given ary student in this school will of Scotland, and other mission- its sanction to a youth-training be given personal help in dealary organizations. The latest program which is "deSIgned to ing with the problems in which are the Gospel of Mark in Mun- inform and equip young people he or she is most deeply interdang, an African dialect, and ested. Several courses in fundathe Gospel of Matthew in Keres for more effective service in the mental subjects, the Sociology society, the church and the com- munity."

for a tribe of Indians in New Prohibition and Government of Rural Life, Agiculture, Rural Mexico. Control Education, and Nutrition and Health will be given in the fore- NORTH AMERICA Here is what happened after noons, leaving the afternoons Emphasis on the Spiritual the United States voted in the for specialized study, round-ta- bles and trips. Regular course Eighteenth Amendment: work is followed for the first The "Youth Spiritual Empha- (Statistical Abstracts U. S., 1923- three weeks. The fourth week sis Committee" of the Presby- 1931) Decreased is devoted to Farm and Home terian Church, U. S. A., has the Deaths from alcoholism …… 42% Week lectures. following objectives: Alcoholic insanity ……….. 66% General crime from drink … There is no tuition charge. 1. That young people who have Drunkenness ……………. 540/0 The only expense will be the cost of living. Announcements giving never surrendered to Christ yield *Auto wrecks (deaths) …… 70% themselves to Him. 50 % detailed information will be sent tDrinking ……………… 77% upon r e que s t to Professor 2. That young people, who have Charles A. Taylor, Cornell Unipreviously surrendered to Christ, ex- Here is what happened in Can- versity, Ithaca, N. Y., or to the amine their lives and rededicate ada under legalized liquor: themselves to Him.

3. That the personal religious ex- perience of Christian youth be vital- (Dominion of Bureau Statistics, Executive Secretary, Agriculized and deepened. tural Missions Foundation, 419 1928-1929) Fourth Avenue, New York, N. 4. That Christian youth aggressive- Increased Y. Missionaries who expect to ly challenge others to surrender their attend are asked to notify Prolives to Christ. Deaths from alcoholism 100% fessor Taylor as early as pos- sible. ·5. That Christian youth examine General crime …………. . 89% present social ills and seek to apply All People's Church the principles of Christianity to their Drunkenness …………… . 55% solution. For the past ten years All Dru.nken drivers ……….. . 830% People's United Church in Sault 6. That Christian youth share in Ste. Marie, has served a combuilding up a wise and enduring Immoral crimes (Ontario) .. . 76% loyalty to the Church in its local program, and to the great causes to *Auto wrecks (deaths) ….. . 42% which the Church is committed at home and abroad. * P.er 100.000 cars. t As admitted by the liquor forces' own figures.) -American Issue.

-The Presbyterian. "The Scarlet Army" munity of some 8,000 people of eleven different nationalities and The Secretary of War in an of different denominations. It The New Christian Endeavor address under the auspices of was formed in 1920 by the union One of the "intelligentsia's" the American Flag Association of the Methodist All People's mistaken ideas is that Christian speaks of the "Scarlet Army of Mission and the Presbyterian Endeavor is dead. This, and Crime" in the United States Italian Mission. In 1922 there

was added a chapel, gymnasium, will be paid from the proceeds and influences of Christian boys' and girls' club rooms, pri- of properties which we have sold young men and women now livmary rooms, library, kitchen and in France. ing in Utah whose parents were office, giving the Sault one of the Mormons. Boys and girls, Morbest equipped church buildings Protestant Italians mon and non-Mormon, attendin Canada. In 1912 the Sault ing our academies and Westminhad the largest proportion of In the United States there are ster College, return to their non-Anglo-Saxons per popula- approximately 300 Protestant home towns changed in charaction of any city in Canada; churches and missions among ter and deportment. there are English, Ukrainian, Italians. This phase of Protes- Finnish, Polish, Croatian, Rus- tant church work was begun Oklahoma Indians sian, Syrian, French, Italian, about fifty years ago. The Prot- Austrian; and Lutheran, Greek estant constituency is estimated Twelve churches of seven In- Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and at 25,000. dian tribes and one Mennonite many other Protestant denomi- church form the Western Oklanations are found. Each group Though the Italian people as homa Indian Association. To works separately, yet together, a whole are nominally Roman these thirteen churches has now in unity of aim and purpose. Catholics, by far the larger part been added the church at Bacone of the 5,000,000 Italians in the College. The churches of this -United Church Record. United States are not devoted association, with help from Ba- Catholics. D uri n g the past cone, have given $425 toward Facing a Deficit thirty years no less than 60,000 the salary of Rev. Hugo Bon- Italians have become members naha, who is working among his Rt. Rev. James De Wolf Perry of Italian Protestant churches, own tribe (the Yavaipai) as estimates that the missionary and other hundreds have en- missionary of the Arizona State appropriations of the Episcopal tered the fellowship of English- Convention. For three years Church for 1933 will show a speaking churches. they have helped support this falling off of a million and a half effort. The churches reported dollars from the annual budget Hundreds of Italian converts seventy-six baptisms during the of four and a quarter millions have attained a new spiritual past year. set by the Denver triennial con- and intellectual life. In the early vention. To maintain mission days of the Italian work the – Watchman-Examiner. work on the same basis as this membership of the I t a I ian year, $400,000 more will be churches was made up of un- LATIN AMERICA needed in 1934. There has been skilled laborers. Many of them a natural increase in personnel could not read or write. Today Seed Sowing in Mexico and in the families in the fields, there are in the Italian fellowand every available dollar of the ship, doctors, lawyers, teachers, Elgon Harris· went to Mexico reserve funds has been used up engineers, social workers, col- from England many years ago in meeting the deficit of 1931-2. lege professors, ref 0 r mer s, as an engineer in the construc- statesmen, Young Men's Chris- tion of railways. He became in- "From 1925 to the present tian Association workers and terested in Christian w 0 r k moment the National Council, ministers. among the Mexican people and said the Presiding Bishop, "has established a press in Orizaba closed its books every year with- -Watchman-Examiner. for the publication of evangeliout a deficit." cal literature. By 1928, when the Is Utah Being Chris.tianized three hundredth number of El -The Living Church. Sembrador ("The Sower") ap- Hans P. Freece says, in the peared, he had issued a total of Methodist Finances Presbyterian Banner, that the ninety million pages of evangel- younger generation of Mormons ical literature. In this way the The Board reduced its dis- are saying less and less about Gospel found its way over contibursements over $200,000 dur- Joseph S mit h and Brigham nents and oceans into homes, ing the year, by making drastic Young, and more about Jesus prisons, hospitals and schools, cuts in salaries of our mission- Christ; that they are reading resulting in the conversion of aries, officers of the Board and less from the Book of Mormon hundreds. In the Orizaba dismembers of our office staff. and more from the Bible, and trict alone there are now seven Everyone who is on the payroll that Mormon people are turning companies of Christians, the of the Board was obliged to take more and more to the Christians fruit of his work; in various one month's vacation without of Utah for companionship 'and points of the states of Vera Cruz salary. In addition to this we association. One of the Chris- and Puebla, some thirty more also withheld appropriations for tian workers remarked: "I be- which have sprung up in the the work budget on the field for lieve that the Mormons will wake of his personal evangelone month. We used the pro- eventually turn from the absurd- ism. Mr. Harris received no salceeds from the sale of proper- ities of the origin of Mormon- ary and never asked help for his ties, amounting to $49,000, to ism, and finally embrace Chris- publication work save from God reduce the disbursements. tianity in all its fulness." alone.-S. S. Times.

At the close of the year we Mr. F r e e c e believes this had a deficit of $102,000 which change is largely due to the lives

1~)34J OUR WORLD WIDE OUTLOOK

First Union Work and the meetings were well at- ica Missionary Union, plans to tended. Then a difficulty arose. have a night Bible school for In Santo Domingo, Metho- The hall was too small, too poor, young believers in Iquitos, to dists, Presbyterians and United too out-of-the-way. The better function abo u t four nights Brethren set up the first effec- class of people, who had attend- weekly, with two classes each tive union work on a mission ed at first because of the novel- night. The purpose is to give field. The spirit of Christian ty, ceased to come. It seemed systematic training to those who unity which prompted this un- obvious that a better building in four or five years will become dertaking was seen in the sec- should be erected and friends in leaders of the Church. These ond Institute of Religious Edu- the United States would doubt- Indians make constant visits to cation held in· San Pedro de less have supplied the funds, but the mission station. They come Macoris, Dominician Republic, it was decided to teach a lesson for various purposes-for Scriplast August. The slogan "to in independence. A testing time tures; for medical aid; for old study, to learn and to rejoice" followed; some who had pro- clothes; to tell of some sick bewas realized in the experience fessed conversion proved faith- liever, or a death; to bring of the forty-three registered del- less, and the work which had someone to accept the Lord; to egates rep res e n tin g every started so auspiciously dwindled sell lace; to make a social visit, church working under the Board to an insignificant wit n e s s and still others come for purfor Christian Work in Santo Do- among the poorest people of the poses never articulated. They mingo, and including four del- town; but at last faithful con- have something on their minds, egates of the Free Methodist verts are working hard to real- but apparently are very reticent Church working in the north of ize their ambition. One has in disclosing it. the Island. given a present of 10,000 bricks and a promise of more when -Inland South America. -Presbyterian Advance. work begins. Others have given lesser quantities, and all the ma- EUROPE Evangelical Progress teriaJ seems assured. Mr. Dun- can says: "A new quality has World Alliance Remonstrates Political and military disturb- come into the lives of the people ances in South America have not and things are different. The Representing the 37 national prevented missionary e f for t demands we make on our Chris- councils of the World Alliance from making progress. Chris- tians are higher than ever be- for International Friendship tian Indians in Peru are being fore, and, strange to say, the throughout the civilized world, added to the i n dig e n 0 u s response is greater. There is a the international executive comchurches there. At J oazeiro, steady stream of conversions, mittee of the Alliance has sent Brazil, crowds are hearing the and all kinds of people are be- to the Protestant General Synod Gospel and baptisms are numer- ing saved."-South America. and other synods representing ous. Brazilian settlers in Ba- the churches of Germany a fornanal are proving responsive. In Peru mal protest against Germany's The Paraguay-Bolivia dispute ban against ministers and other interferes with meetings, but a A missionary, who has spent church officers of non-Aryan group of Christians at Yhaca, much of his life in a region of birth. Paraguay, are forming an in- Peru called Gran Pajonal, dedigenous church. The Irish Bap- scribes the Indians as follows: The resolution is in part as tist Foreign Mission Sodety is follows: planning to occupy unreached They live in temporary huts sprinareas in Argentina. Quillabam- kled here and there in the jungle, As members of many churches repba was recently visited and Gos- given over completely to laziness and resenting different cultures and c?mpel services were crowded w,ith vice. They are constantly drunk, ing from many lands, but all umted Spanish and Quechua-speakmg lying by their campfires with~)Ut in a common allegiance to our Lord people.-World Evangelization. worrying in the least about coverIng Jesus Christ, we confess with shame themselves. Their women and chil- our many sins of transgressions Indigenous Methods dren wear the inner bark called lZan- against our brothers of other races chania, wrapped about them. Those and color. In a feeling of brother- The story of the development that inhabit the margins of the rivers hood and responsibility with all the of the work in Joazeiro, Brazil, eat fish, yuca, wild fruits or ~ame. churches of the world, the Alliance, proves the practical outcome Those in the inland parts, and m the while recognizing the right of every from adoption of indigenous Gran Pajonal, live on toads, ~izards, country to safeguard the integrity of ideals and meth.ods. snails, fungi, frog eggs and msects. its own national life, is nevertheless Their character is destructive. They deeply concerned by the trell;tment. i~­ It was in May 1931, that Mr. cannot see any important object, nat- flicted upon persons of JeWIsh orIgm Dun can, of the Evangelical ural or artificial, that they do not and connection in Germany. Union, first entered J oazeiro, destroy. They search out birds' nests, bringing a message entirely new, eating even the smallest eggs, and We especially protest against th?se and there was a ready response roast alive the little fledglings laugh- measures taken by the state WhICh to his efforts. Soon he had to ing like demons at the suffe!ings of bear so heavily upon large numbers look about for a preaching place, the victims, which after roastmg they of the German citizens, and put the rented the best hall available, devour. Jews into an inferior class of society.

Rev. Edwin Laurialt, field sec- Against these actions and measures retary for Inland South Amer- we earnestly protest, believing them to be, in their conception of race and race relations, contrary to the ex- plicit spirit and teaching of the Gos- pel of Jesus Christ.

-Presbyterian Advance.

The New Germany .and The National Church is impelled separation of the Jewish Chris- Foreign Missions to this recognition largely be- tian communities from the Ger- cause the missionary leaders Dr. Siegfried Knak, the Di- have emphasized the fact that man communities is urged. "Pastor Loerzen, leader of the rector of the Berlin Mission and the national character of nonmember of the German Protes- Christian peoples should not be German Christian Movement, tant Foreign Missions and of obliterated. stated that the Jewish Christian the International Missionary faith would be fully respected, Council gives an illuminating The responsibility for mis- but that Jewry must adopt the sionary work remains in the new German spirit which restatement of the present state hands of the societies, but the quires the strictest separation of of the foreign mission cause in heads of the Church will require the different Christian churches Germany. He says that projects fro m clergy and parishes a along racial lines. This separahave been put forward for the tion would lead to reconciliation regulating of the relationship greater interest in foreign mis- between all the churches and sions, without exercising com- create a feeling of brotherhood, between foreign missions and pulsion in the matter of giving. he declared. the German Church. Sugges- Certain difficulties arise because "The lot of these German Hetions, which would involve a a large part of the constituency brew Christians is tragic. The complete alteration in the life Nazis regard them and perseof German Protestant Missions, of some societies, such as the cute them as Jews. WorId Jewry have been put forth by private ostracizes them and refuses to Basel Mission, is outside the bor- include them in its relief activipersons but the leaders of the ders of the Reich. Not all Ger- ties as it regards Hebrew Chris- Church have not yet accepted or tians as traitors to the cause of pronounced upon them. man missions have been mem- Jewry. bers of the Missions Federation Two representatives of the or the Missions Committee but "It is estimated that there are hereafter the Federation is to approximately 2,000,000 Ger- Committee of Protestant Ger- be succeeded by the German mans who, though non-Jews, are man Foreign Missions have, in Protestant Missions Assembly treated as Jews by Hitler becooperation with two represen- cause one or more of their an- (Deutscher Evangelischer Mis- cestors were Jewish. These have tatives of the national leaders sionstag) in which all independ- organized into a National Assoof the "German Christians," e n t missionary organizations ciation of 'Non – Aryan Chrisdrawn up a proposal for the re- tians.' " will be represented. This has organization of the missions for already led to the merging of a Scandinavia's Blind and Deaf the future, a proposal duly con- number of smaller societies, The Salvation Army has a sidered at a meeting of the Fed- either with larger ones or with work for the deaf and blind of eration of the German Protes- others of a kindred spirit, thus Scandinavia. It is difficult to tant Missions at Barmen last resulting in a greater unity. The gather the deaf and dumb at October, when another set of meetings, because they often live proposals was adopted. deliberations this far have been at distances widely separated, characterized by a brotherly says one of the adjutants in Ej- The first result is that the spirit but it is impossible to missionary societies p I a n, as prophesy as to the final outcome heretofore, to conduct the i r until that part of the Church work on their own responsibility constitution, which deals with and to defray the costs by free- foreign missions has been finally will offerings. Second, the heads drawn up and confirmed. of the Church are to be repre- sented on the committees of the To Convert German Jews jata, the Army's organ in that societies and at elections within country: "We must hunt them the societies these leaders should The Jewish Daily Bulletin out, one by one, in their homes. be consulted, but the elections gives the following information When I have a long way to cycle will be entirely controlled by the regarding Jewish Christians in or walk to get to a single deaf societies themselves. Germany: and dumb person, remembrance As to the independence of the "Despite the fact that Jews of our Lord spurs me on. He missions, Dr. Knak reports a de- who have embraced Christianity went long ways to reach a single cided movement toward greater do not enj oy any more rights soul, and his example has taught unity, and a strong desire of the than unconverted Jews, mission- me the value of souls." Adjutant Church to share the responsi- ary activity among the German Lonnfors and her assistant Capbility of all the German Protes- Jews will continue. The Ger- tain Krushe make similarly long tant Missions. This is all the man Christians are the Nazi journeys in Denmark to meet more noteworthy, sin c e the group within the G e r man the isolated blind and dumb. The movement for missions in Ger- churches that has just gained Tysta Skolan ("school for the many from the outset has taken control and 'coordinated' the still") teaches weaving and em- the form of independent soci- church with Hitlerism. The aim broidery, and the skill of the eties and has grown to such a of German Christians in their blind girls in preparing food is commanding position that the policy towards the Jews was to remarkable. Their acute sense Church as a whole now desires establish a religious ghetto for of smell guides them. One of to have a part in this enterprise. Jew ish Christians. Complete these afflicted ones, a blind man,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

says pathetically, "When we are The Only Evangelical Mission Selassie I, and the kindness of the tempted to say Ack, Swedish for in Albania American Mission to Lepers, a hos- 'alas,' we must put a T before pital has been built for you. It is it and say Tack, Swedish for The Apostle Peter was called near to the Jimma Road, up above 'thanks.' "-S. S. Times. to take the message of Christ to Dr. Martin's Mill. a Roman centurion. Albania to- Paganism in Rumania day is like Cornelius, seeking There is a doctor there, called Dr. light but without knowledge of Hooper and some nurses, also. Huts Rumania is reported to be the way of Life. Marked po- have been built for lepers to occupy, suffering from a wave of semi- litical changes are taking place in order to be near to the doctor. paganism, even devil worship. and the nation is seeking to Whole districts have been given unify her 615,000 Moham- Men and women both shall be reover to strange vagaries of reli- medans, her 200,000 Greek Or- ceived into the Hospital for treatgion. In one village near the thodox and her 100,000 Roman ment. If you are rich, then you must Jugoslav border there are num- Catholics. Others are inquiring pay, but if you are poor and can bers of women prophets. A min- the Way of Salvation. The lone bring a guarantor who will prove you ing engineer tells of "chanting" evangelical mission is trying to are poor,. then you can be treated witches-women who fall in fits point the Way and is dependent without pay in the hospital. in the streets, intoning weird upon voluntary offerings to make prophecies which the peasants it possible to maintain the work. A report has been spread about write down. Hundreds of peas- The Rev. Phineas B. Kennedy, that lepers are going to be kept prisants repair to South Serbia, who has given forty years to Al- oners in this Hospital, but this is not where a fourteen-year-old girl bania, is now in America speak- true. Patients who wish to stay in claims to be inspired and gives ing on the work but expects to the hospital for treatment, may, but advice regarding harvests, busi- return to the field October 1I. those who want to come each day for ness and love affairs. In the meantime he may be ad- treatment at the clinic are just as dressed at 178 Kensington Ave., welcome. -Evangelical Messenger. Plainfield, New Jersey. The American European Fellowship, Everyone cannot be cured, but per- The Novi Sad Council 1213 North Franklin St., Phila- haps six or eight out of ten can be delphia, Pa., is sponsoring the cured. The Universal Christian Coun- mission and will receive and forcil for Life and Work met at ward gifts or information. Dr. Hooper is a good doctor. With Novi Sad, Jugoslavia, last Sep- his help and by prayer and faith in tember. The consciousness that AFRICA God and medicine, if God wills, you the world is too strong for a may be healed. God grant it. Amen! divided church was in all minds, Difficulties Solved in Abyssinia but the vital question was: How -Without the Camp. can that degree of unity already Dr. Tom Lambie, United Presattained be preserved in the face byterian missionary at Addis Thoroughly Converted of recent revolutionary changes Ababa, writes: "Work on our in German church life? Long new Leprosarium had about Mama Yangu is a convert of and earnest discussions were come to a halt because of lack the Heart of Africa Mission, a held. Fortunately those who of funds. "I did not know where former hemp-smoker, polygatook part were accustomed to to turn, when His Majesty, the mist and all-round sinner. He working together. Finally there Emperor, paid a visit to the col- gave his heart to Christ, taught was developed a crystal clear ex- ony. I explained our predica- himself to read, abandoned his pression of purpose which won ment, and His Majesty gracious- vices, organized a little church practically unanimous approval, ly headed a subscription list in his home, which has grown and marks a turning point in with 5,000 thalers ($1,250). into a church with its own build- European church relationships Two of his chief officials have ing, and goes every market day which may prove epoch making. promised to make contributions, to preach the Gospel in a market It means that despite deep con- so that work is again going for- town five miles away. He does cern and many misgivings of ward." not confine his preaching to the certain features of that trend, natives, but speaks to traders and despite the temptation to Rumors had been spread that and officials who highly respect separation based on that criti- the new hospital would keep lep- him. He is a blacksmith by trade, cism, the policy of a united study ers prisoners. Dr. Lambie print- and with his earnings sends out of the task of the churches has ed and widely distributed a cir- evangelists to surrounding vilbeen deliberately chosen by a cular of which the following is lages. Often he rises in the night, responsible body of highly in- the translation from the Am- lights a lamp, and searches the ternational and interconfession- haric language: Scriptures to find out the way al character. It paves the way of salvation more perfectly. to an interpretation of the Ger- To all the Lepers of Ethiopia. Peace man situation in a spirit of be to you. God has caused you to be -So S. Times. brotherly understanding. sick with a dreadful disease, but now, praise our Lord, there is a cure for Some Missionary Results -The Churchman. this disease. The Africa Inland Mission has By the help of His Majesty, HeiIa 220 missionaries with 1,000 na- tive colleagues who are preach- ing at 50 stations and healing the sick in 40 hospitals and dis- pensaries. Over 10,000 children learn of Christ daily in 400 rural schools. Here are some of the difficulties: Commercial development b r i n g s higher wages and breeds love of money

and spiritual indifference. Vile Natives Make Suggestions Courageous Ohristianity secret societies, lax morals, and Rev. Henry C. McDowell, mis- In the Minge territory in the cruel animistic customs call for sionary of the American Board vigilance and spiritual strength. at Galangue, mentions a few hinterland of Cameroon, as late suggestions, with great possibil- as 1915 a patrol of the German The Belgian Society of Prot- ities, which are coming from na- colonial troops was killed and tive Christians. One is an open eaten. The Basal Mission howestant Missions to the Congo re- air meeting place of about two ever, invited by a number of ports that the large churches in acres, part of it to be conse- chiefs on account of wanting the three stations of the society crated for planting and harvestin Ruanda are each crowded ing as religious ceremonies. An- schools, started work there in with more than 1,000 worshipers other suggestion refers to an 1925. Now Christian congregaevery Sunday. Ninety were re- etambo, or prayer hut. It would tions are in existence and the cently baptized. Three thousand be a reproduction of such huts Gospel has taken root particu- as they occur in native culture, larly among the young and the children are trained for Christ and would be for private medievery day in village schools, and tation and prayer. It would con- women. But the hostile forces calls to open other schools can- tain a prayer altar, with Bible, are at work to suppress Chrisnot be met. The Unevangelized tianity, in most instances with Fields Mission, working at Boy- hymnbook and devotional readulu, reports 95 recently convert- ings. An anjango, often called brutal violence. When the mis- sionaries visited the native teached. At Bongunzu the work con- palaver house, might be erected ers and asked them, if they were tinues to grow. Villages in all directions are being evangelized, on the square, to be used for not afraid when the missionand more than can be entered aries were away, they answered, small group meetings, hearing UN0, for God gives us strength call for preachers. The Church Missionary Society has organ- of w 0 r d s, in connection with to endure and His cause is ized 200 congregations. In the spreading here fro m day to weddings, dedications of infants day." Elgon district practically all the organization is in native hands -adaptations of various uses to New Afrikaans Bible with the missionaries standing which it is put in regular village by. The Lomongo now have the life. complete Bible in their own lan- On August 27 religious fesguage.-World Evangelization. Still an 0 the r suggestion is tivals were h e 1d throughout t hat a consecrated Christian South Africa to mark the com- Work of Disciples' Work dwelling be a part of the setup. pletion of the great work of This might be used as a church translating the Bible into Afri- Evangelistic work centering in 937 regular preaching points guest house, and for little feasts. kaans. At the large centers of with 450 s elf – sup p 0 r tin g Such buildings as are called for population thousands attended churches or groups of Christians would be erected by voluntary special services and gave thanks is carried on by the Disciples' labor. -Missionary Herald. for what had been accomplished. A feature of many of the serv- Church from the stations at Bo- A New Collaboration ices was the place given to chillenge, Coquilhatville, Lotumbe, dren, not a few towns arranging Monieka, Wema and Mondombe. Dr. Warneck, of Barmen, and that young people should pre- T h r e e hundred and twelve Inspector Ronicke, of Bethel, re- sent to the minister or mayor a schools serving almost 7,000 stu- cently published the announce- copy of the Scriptures for use in dents are strategically scattered ment that the Rhenish Mission church or public library. The over the entire district. This and the Bethel East Africa Mis- celebrations at Bloemfontein, educational work heads up in the where the translation was done sion have united in an agree- and where the translators for- Congo Christian Institute lo- ment of collaboration and com- mally handed over the result of cated at Bolenge. The training bined activity in all places where their work, were typical of many school, enrolling sixty students, circumstances indicate the need others. According to Reuter's and advantage of such collabora- correspondent, "About 4,000 peohas recently graduated its sec- tion. They are convinced that ple, representing various second class. Hospital or dispen- foreign missions means unususary work is carried on at each ally much to the German people tions of the Church, gathered in station except Coquilhatville. at the present time and hope thanksgiving in Bloemfontein's that by combining workers and Almost 100,000 medical treat- gifts of both societies, so far as spacious market hall, the center ments are given annually. A of national celebrations, and the service was broadcast by the mission press producing all the "dialect" materials used by the mission is maintained at Bo- the field is concerned and by African Broadcasting Company lenge. A mission-owned steamer using mutually the experiences through town and village and and a n urn b er of gasoline in service gained by both socie- through the platteland. Young launches serve the mission. All ties, as well as by excluding all and old attended this service, this work is carried on by a rivalry, they may be the better from children only a few years force of 50 missionaries. able to s e r v e their common old to aged persons whose faith -World Call. country. in the Word of God has become

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

fortified. In the afternoon about Turkish Social Problems mitted to enter, is indeed a re- 5,000 children attended a special markable thing. service for children." The Turkish Government has -Without the Camp. decided to deal with the problem -South Africa Outlook. of illegitimate children. Polyg- INDIA AND BURMA amy was abolished in 1926, and WESTERN ASIA civil marriage alone made legal. Christian Grow,th in India This gave rise to a class of chil- Pan-Islamic Congress dren whom the law cannot but Two thousand years ago there consider as illegitimate, but who were no Christians in the world. The Pan-Islamic Congress, The Jews, who were the only which recently met in J erusa- in reality do not deserve that race with any clear knowledge lem, was the largest and most appellation. Called upon to de- of God and His ideals for men, enthusiastic meeting of Moslems cide between respect for the numbered less than one million, in the century. Elaborate plans law, or the moral welfare of such and were a subject people, withwere enthusiastically adopted children, the Government has out power or prestige. In the for the most ambitious west- first 300 hundred years after the ward drive of that religion in taken the wise resolution of le- coming of Christ the Christians, 400 years. It chose Budapest, gitimizing de facto families. A in spite of poverty and persecu- Hungaria, as its first objective. bill laid before the National As- tion grew to number abo u t In this city, as a center, the Mo- sembly will enable all unions 5,000,000. According to the Govhommedans established them- from which children have been ernment census the Christian selves for the conquest of Europe born to be registered with the population of In d i a has in- 400 years ago. It is now to be authorities, so as to give the creased to about 6,000,000 in the "redeemed," and a magnificent children legal status. Should the last three centuries. In the Telmosque will be built. It has been husband be already married, the egu Feld, South India, there are made a hoi y city. Scores of first wife will have the right of today reported to be 1,000,000 mosques in Bulgaria and Jungo- appealing within three months Christians whereas there were slavia -long neglected – have none there two centuries ago. been repaired and put into use. against her husband's second At the four hundredth anniver- union. If she does so, the union Lord Irwin on Missions sary of the old mosque in Sara- will be canceled. If she does not, jevo, the finest in all the Bal- it will be regarded as the hus- Speaking at the General Askans, the king of Jugoslavia sent band's 0 n I y lawful marriage, sembly of the Church of Scotspecial representatives. A fine land, Lord Irwin, former Vice- and the first wife will be con- roy of India, paid a tribute to sidered as divorced.

-Christian Century.

mosque is being erected in Lon- Cooperation in Persia missionaries in India who, he don, another in Paris and others said, "were showing in a prac- in Northern Africa. A drive Noone knows how many lep- tical form to the people of India against missionary w 0 r k in what was the message of Jesus ers there are in Persia; perhaps Christ." He believes it is not Egypt has commenced. The king 500, possibly 1,000, but one col- easy to exaggerate what that has been asked to save Egypt ony is enough to care for all. message has meant, not only in from "evil intent of the miSSion- Near Meshed the r e has been terms of conversion, though that aries," and a resolution has been such a colony, a little mud vilsent to the Government demand- lage without a single pane of had been remarkable, but even more, he would think, in the diing a law to prevent mission- glass in the whole place until rection of establishing a standaries fro m winning converts seven years ago, when several among the children, and to force influential Persians cooperated ard of values of human .life that mission institutions to pay taxes. by organizing a local "Anti-Lep- in many parts of India thought -United Presbyterian. rosy Society," and raised funds was previously lacking. He be- with which an entire new village lieved that much of the social movement that we now see in Turkish Bible Influence was erected, its houses having progress, for the uplift of the doors and windows, and an at- Turkish men and women have tractive garden with trees and depressed classes, a movement of been openly confessing Jesus to grass. Here the lepers live, and the high caste people in India their neighbors, and have been towards giving a better place to severely dealt with by Govern- their treatment has continued, ment officials. But, says the financed by the American Mis- the depressed classes, all that is American Bible Society, these largely due to the conception of sion to Lepers. Mohammedans the value of human personality supply the bread, as before, alofficials later have been rebuked though the expense has greatly that Jesus Christ had taught to for their failure to respect the increased, for there are now 140 India. -Dnyanodaya.

liberty of conscience which the in the village instead of the orig- Recent Suttee Decision laws of the Republic guarantee inal 80. For Christian missionto every citizen. The new Turk- aries to cooperate with a Mo- The Bombay High Court has ish Scriptures have had an in- hammedan Shrine, whose sacred recently acquitted four persons fluence. precincts they are not even per- who were accused of abetting a

woman who became a suttee. pressions in the Lahore Diocesan What Siamese Learn They were supposed to be cul- Magazine. He says: "What Miss pable because they had not pre- Dr. Fred Eastman says that Sircar has accomplished shows motion picture producers might vented her from the act. The well ask themselves, before film- High Court justices in their de- what can be done by a woman ing a picture of American life, cision say: "Illegal omission what 0 the r countries think of cultUre and education har- about the Kmerica thus revealed. must mean omission to do some- With this thought in mind, Dr. thing that a person is bound by nessed to a deep love for the Eastman asked a group of Si- amese students to tell some of law to do. We are not aware of people and an outlook which is the things they had learned any provision of the law that about America from movies they enjoins one person to prevent completely Christian because she had seen. Here are s 0 m e of another fro m committing sui- their answers: is optimistic and entirely cheercide." "There are plenty of gold mines in The Indian Witness says: ful." -Dyanodaya. America."

If this decision is to be recognized Madura Mission Centenary "Americans are the most wonderful throughout India it would seem to dancers in the world." clearly mean that a crowd could as- Preparations have been made semble and look on while a woman to celebrate the centenary of the "Americans like an easy life." burns herself on her husband's funeral American Madura Mission in "It is a country where there are lots pyre, without being in any way re- South India on January 11 to of gangs and it is dangerous to live sponsible for preventing such an act. there." If this is true one wonders if it may 14. Because of financial strin- "Americans are rich and they use not also be possible for a woman who gency the celebrations have been their money in many ways, mostly wishes to commit suttee to have planned with a minimum of ex- careless ways." grounds for legal action against any- penditure, laying the chief em- "The men and women are good one who attempted to prevent her in friends." this act. The great majority of peo- phasis on the inspirational and "America is the land of romance." ple in India would in no sense encour- the spiritual. The American "The girls have many boy friends." age such a practice, but we also know Board is sending Dr. Goodsell, "America is the richest country in that recently there have been a num- executive vice-president of the the world." ber of occasions when the friends and Board, to be present at the celerelatives openly encouraged the widow Two ideas stand out: Boy and in her attempt to become a suttee. If brations. A scheme of devolu- girl relationships, and luxurious it becomes generally understood that tion by w h i c h the Madura the public has no responsibility in pre- church council takes over work from the mission has been in operation for some time. At the time of the centenary celebra- venting such occurrences it is quite tions the scheme, with consider- living.-Siamese Outlook. able modifications, will be inlikely the num'ber of such tragedies augurated. CHINA will increase. It would seem clear that the law should be so amended as -Christian Century. Growth Follows Persecution to fix responsibility upon those who are in a position to prevent such an Dichpalli's Leper Colony A missionary of Luchang,Yunact.

What a Christian Woman Sanction has been given for nan, gives the following evidence Can Do an extension of the Leper Colony that apostolic Christianity has at Dichpalli, Hyderabad State. not died out.

The oldest field of service of This is to include a second ward A village of Tibetan-Lisu Christians in the hospital to accommodate has turned as a unit to the Lord and the National Missionary Society 60 new patients; the building of has remained steadfast for more than an oil factory to produce its own of India was started in the Pun- supply of chaulmoogra oil, the a year. They have been fined, beaten jab in 1906. The new church building at Okara, the founda- and thrown into prison because of their faith. Four men were beaten tion stone of which was laid by acquisition of land for a dairy fifty strokes each with a board and fined about four months' wages each, Sadhu Sundar Singh, continues farm and the construction of a to attract worshipers at the compound for the nonleper staff because they started to erect a meetweekly Sunday services. The vil- in charge. This colony provided inghouse. The school tax of the vil- lage was increased and other unusual lage Bethlehem has found its half the initial cost of its build- burdens were imposed. Then the laird "guide, philosopher and friend" ings and now provides half its who rules them started another per- secution. Since they were not perin Miss Komolini Sircar. The maintenance cos t. No grants mitted to have a chapel, they met in simple village schools, the dis- from England are asked for this the open air. The laird raided this pensary, and the attempts at the new extension. For years, the meeting place one day as they were uplift of this rural tract have colony has been obliged "to re- fuse from 300 to 400 applicants. worshiping, and tied up with ropes elicited commendation from no So fine has been the work that less a personage than Mr. F. L. one of the brightest young men. He was dragged to the yamen and beaten with boards, until four boards were Brayne, Commissioner of Mul- the Nizam's Government has destroyed and he was left unconscious, tan Division and author of many his body seriously injured. The laird books on rural uplift, who paid consented that all local councils has told him that if he will pay over a recent visit to the village. The will contribute one pice out of some money he can be released from every rupee of taxation and in prison, but the prisoner declares that Right Reverend the Lord Bishop this way 100 more lepers every as he is guilty of no wrong he will pay nothing. The laird has conscripted of Lahore also paid a visit to year can be treated. the young men among the believers until now his militia soldiers are all this field and recorded his im- -Dnyanodaya.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

believers. I am told that they gather on a compound owned by the committee (three Chinese and around the man chained to a post, and mission. Mission schools are three missionaries) and permithold services. private schools, privately sup- ted the General's name and her ported; not drawing Govern- own to be announced as spon- The sound of the boards coming ment money, and according to sors for the entertainment. Colodown on poor Mr. "Fifth Month HaI?- treaty, within their rights in nel Hwang, of the Officers' Welpiness" converted half the yamen, It teaching religion. seems. Last Saturday when I visited fare Association, gave a dinner the place to see if I could arrange for a settlement, half the yamen came out The required Monday exercises, in to the committee and the chiefs to shake hands with me (handshakes what is believed by many Christians of the three hospitals. It was are the sign of a Christian believer in to be, or intended to be a worship- these parts). The sergeant of the memorial of Sun Yat Sen, also pre- found that one" of these doctors militia, who had not believed before, sents new difficulties-and opportunisaid to me in front of the laird: Come was a Christian and other Christo my home village and teach us, and ties-as well-in our evangelistic tians were serving on the staffs. we will all believe. The laird glared work. Colonel Hwang expressed the daggers at him, but the sergeant insists that he is going to live and die a But we are not discouraged. The positive conviction t hat China Christian. must have more missionaries, outlook is as bright as the promises since its best leadership came -China's Millions. of God. We use the words of Paul from the Christian schools. Hope for the Future (1 Cor. 16: 9) For a great door, and Against the destructive forces effectual, is opened unto me; and at work in China there is the steady, invincible power of there are many adversaries. One Man's Work Christianity. Christian schools were never more respected than Divorce Menace In the village of Yen Ch'ang they are today, and in man y places more students apply than The problem of divorce in Chi- in the Tehsien field in North can possibly be admitted. The Anti-Christian movement has na has recently become nation- China is a group of Christians largely lost its impetus. When a g r 0 u p of radical students wide. Under the old law women too far from any center to atstarted to loot a church in Hankong, the Chamber of Commerce are not given the same grounds tend worship regularly. They ask went in a body to disperse the group. The i r testimony was, for divorce as men. A woman no financial aid, but when Bible "The Christians are good. We wan t the Church and all it may not seek divorce from her women go there the whole group stands for." A labor union in Hinghwa refused to allow an husband, no matter what his of- attends class: women and girls anti-Christian clause in the i r constitution insisted upon by the fense; but a man may divorce study in the daytime; the men agitators, saying, "The Christians have ever done us good his wife for anyone of the fol- attend morning prayers before and brought blessing. If it is to be anti-Christian, we will lowing nine causes: (1) If the going to the fields, and then have no labor union." marriage contract contains false come in the evening for Bible "Open doors and open hearts" is the report of every worker statement; (2) barrenness; (3) stUdy. They have services every who carries the Gospel message through cities and villages. immorality; (4) want of filial Sunday in the home of a young -MRS. ELIZABETH BREWSTER, piety; (5) jealousy; (6) loquac- church member, and they go to in the Christian Advocate. ity; (7) incurable disease; (8) villages where they have rela- Mission Schools Must Register leaving home without the hus- tives to pre a c h Christianity.

Rev. C. E. Scott writes from band's permission; and (9) . They have formulated a plan of Shantung Province that a new edict of the Nanking Govern- beating her husband. According their own to promote further ment requires mission schools to register. This means t ~ a t. no to a new law all women enjoy study. Most of them are quite Bible study, no hymn smgmg, no evangelical and evangelistic the same grounds for divorce as poor, so they are using the few meetings,not even grace at meat, no religious teaching of any men. Therefore in recent years dollars they are able to contribkin d can occur on the school grounns even though it is located the divorce plague has become ute to buy cotton. This they are widespread and uncontrollable. spinning and weaving into white Out of 853 divorce cases handled cloth from which they will make in Shanghai court in 1930, 138 mourning garments, which in cases were instituted by the that section are rented out. With w i v e sand 177 cases by the the money they get from renting husbands. Incompatibility was the garments they expect in time stated as the ground for more to have enough to buy a mu of than 70 per cent of all the cases. land, the grain from which is to -China Critic. be used to provide porridge for Christian Influence Felt those who wan t to come and spend some time stUdying.

Rev. W. R. Johnson writes in How did this village become the Christian Advocate t hat a Christian? Twenty years ago a committee has been appointed to quiet man of something over 50 arrange for regular weekly evan- b e cam e a Christian in Man- gelistic services in the t h r e e churai. He returned to his home large military hospitals in Nan- and for years was subject to all chang. Three meetings have been kinds of persecution in his own held, with large attendance and home. He went on being a Chris- close attention. Mrs. Chiang Kai tian as best he could, and when Shek, who suggested the plan, there were no grown people to attended the first meeting of the listen he taught the children.

He won over his entire family, by them and approved by the National the 58 college graduates 17 others in the village became Council, the distribution to be subject were Christians. Plans are un- Christians, among them young to such alterations in salary items and der way for -celebrating the fifmen who were sen t away to in maintenance and other expenses as tieth anniversary of the school. Christian schools. in their judgment shall be from time to time required. -Outlook of Missions. -Missionary Herald. -The Living Church. What Omi Mission Proves JAPAN -CHOSEN Work in Rural Regions Dr. William M. Vories men- Guides for Mission Program tions four important facts which In the effort to evangelize the the Omi Mission has demon- Bishop James De Wolf Perry thirty-seven million of Japan's strated: of the Protestant Episcopal rural population one interesting Church, following his recent vis- development is the work of the First, the possibility of estabits to Japan, China and the Phil- Ehime Tent Evangelistic Band lishing, financing and directing ippines, recommends these eight (Ehime is a "ken" or district) effective mission work on the guiding principles for the mis- led by a Methodist missionary, field. No more unfavorable consionary program: the Rev. W. J. Callahan. A re- ditions for a beginning could be cent report tells of four cam- found than those which faced 1. The recognition of gradual re- paigns of eight days each with this work during the first ten duction in the number of evangelistic an average staff at each place of years. workers due to removals from year to twenty workers, nearly all volyear, and the removal of items in the unteers. The regular program Second, the importance of bebudget providing appropriations for was as follows: One day for or- ginning a missionary enterprise such positions now vacant. ganization; seven days of Daily with native helpers in complete Vacation Bible School for chil- equality of responsibility and 2. The retirement of missionaries dren in the afternoon, with eve- authority with foreigners. occupying evangelistic positions who ning preaching for adults. The have reached the retiring age, their average attendance of children Third, the necessity of memplaces to be taken by Chinese or J ap- was 275 to 300; the number of bers of several nationalities coanese appointees. classes held, 10 to 14; the aver- operating in any enterprise con- age at the night meetings about cerning the Kingdom of God. 3. The designation of ordained mis- 200 and often over three hunsionaries now in the field as super- dred. Six hundred probationers Finally, the importance of visors and administrators in the fields were enrolled, four probation- demonstrating the Kingdom, as to which they shall be assigned by the ers' training schools were held, well as preaching it. Bishop. and a church was built by one group as a result of the tent Korea's Progress 4. The limitation of the number of meetings. Through the influence missionaries to be appointed as teach- of the tent meetings one church In the years since 1930 more ers in every educational institution, decided to go on self-support and Methodist building has been gothe appointments to be made by the another was preparing to fol- ing on than ever before in that head of such institution upon nomina- low.-The Missionary Link. length of time. The high rate of tion by the Bishop, the total sum of exchange and the low cost of appropriation for salaries of such ap- North Japan College building partly account for this. pointees to be fixed by agreement be- It is encouraging that much of tween the bishops and the National. North Japan College last year the money comes from the field Council upon recommendation by the enrolled the largest number in and not from the home base. Department of Missions. its history. Its alumni are grow- Every church in Pyengyang ex- ing in prominence and influence. cept the old First has a new 5. The annual diminution of appro- Not only are they manning a building, but comparatively litpriations for maintenance of church large part of Japan's evangelis- tle foreign money has gone into boarding schools of secondary grade, tic work; several have distin- them. Chosen Christian College the decrease to be covered by corre- guished themselves in science has a great new amphitheater to sponding increase in charges for tui- and invention and many are em- accommodate six thousand peotion, with an allowance in the budget ployed in government and busi- ple. Pai Chai, historic boys' for scholarships. ness. Students are active in school in Seoul, has a new Sunday school work, and last chapel and gymnasium, with the 6. The withdrawal of appropria- year a vacation school for pas- largest audience hall in the city; tions for maintenance of any day tors was held. four-fifths of the cost was proschool which in the judgment of the vided by Korean funds. The Bishop and council of advice has At the last commencement 99 high school at Yangbyen, has ceased to function adequately as a graduated from the mid die now been entirely taken over by source of Christian teaching and cen- school, 58 from the college and the community. No missionary ter of Christian worship. one from the seminary. Among is there, no mission appropria- the 99 middle school graduates, tion is given, but the school is 7. The maintenance of mission hos- 35 were Christians; and among going on more strongly than pitals on at least their present scale, ever, and is under distinctly added appropriations to be made to Christian qirection. certain hospitals for appointment of medical missionaries; appropriations for maintenance to be diminished annually at a ratio determined by the Bishop, superintendent and administrative board of the several hospitals in consultation with the National Council.

8. The payment monthly of appropriations for each missionary district to the Bishop and council of advice for distribution by them in conference with all the American bishops of the Chinese or Japanese Church on the Pflsis 0:1' fl budget anI)ually submitteq

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

There are other notable build- ordered to walk in a circular Then and Now in Solomon ing enterprises depending on path which had been prepared. Islands American money-such as the Along this path were stationed chapel and additional wards at the more mature Christians and The Open Door, missionary the Tuberculosis Sanitarium in Bib I e helpers, who reasoned organ of the Methodist Church Haiju, and the three new build- with the lax Christians as they in New Zealand, compares the ings of the Ewha Woman's Col- passed, and won their promise situation in that Church's piolege.-Christian Advocate. of a more faithful and scrupu- neering circuit in 1926 and 1933. lous Christian walk. On reach- On Teop Island, there was one ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC ing the exit of the circle, those minister, one Fijian he I per. who were warned were asked if Many villages desired teachers, Never Saw White Men they had truly taken to heart but there were no native help- these admonitions. Then fol- ers for strategic centers. On Even after thirty-five years lowed a sermon on John the Buka Island, one minister and of American rule, there are still Baptist's call to repentance. two Fijian helpers. Eight vilto be found in the Philippine Is- lages on adjacent small islands lands people who have never -So S. Times. claimed to be more or less Methseen a white man. Baptist mis- odist, in four of which services sionary S. S. Feldmann writes Sea Dyaks of Borneo were held every Sunday, and in of having gone up into the hills the others intermittent services, on a trip to visit some of these The Sea Dyaks ·live in the probably 700-800 people in all. people. "They live now as they jungles of Borneo. Under the The Siwai area had no European lived 400 years ago," he reports. wise and beneficent rule of a preachers, but there were six "I was the first white man ever white rajah, head hunting has native teachers, and' probably to reach their village. Many of almost ceased among them. In some 400 people claiming allethe children and young people religion, they are animists, with giance to the Methodist Church. had never seen a person with a some uncertain idea of a God, white skin. Although very shy but believe in a host of lesser Today, there are three ministhey would creep up and touch spirits which must be propiti- ters at work, with 90 native me. They do not smoke, drink ated when angry. The people teachers, three native medical nor gamble. Their moral code think that the noises of certain missionaries, 80 stations occuis high. Their life is of the sim- birds indicate the spirits' atti- pied and about 6000 church plest sort, the only furnishings tude toward them, and they are members. of their homes, for instance, be- constantly on the watch to see ing a bamboo bench. They are whether the spirits are propi- -No Substitute for Sunday peaceful when undisturbed, but tious or otherwise. For exam- School when aroused are fearful to ple, they will not begin ricemeet. A Filipino pastor had planting until they have heard A little Japanese girl in Haonce visited them. Ever since the sound of certain birds; or, waii, who was detected stealing that time they have been inter- if they hear the sound of other from her schoolmates in the ested to hear more of the mes- birds of evil omen, they will not public school was induced by the sage he brought them." go to work at all for the whole probation officer to make public of that day. confession of her sin before the -Missions. whole school of seven hundred. Missionary work has been go- This wise probation officer ex- Repentance in the South Seas ing among these people for over plained to the school that they seventy years, but progress has must be charitable in all future A missionary festival in New been slow, owing to lack of con- relationships towards the of- Guinea was attended by heathen tinuity. Missionaries have come fending member of their group, as well as Christians. Dozens of out and returned owing to ill- pointing to the fact that the litspeakers followed one another. health, and often vast areas tle girl had no Christian influ- The leading thought was recog- have been left to the care of one ence at home. Her parents did nition of God as giver of food missionary for long periods at not belong to any church, and and abundant harvests. The a time. Many of the Dyaks have she had not been encouraged by heathen had often taunted the become Christian, and now there them to attend Sunday school. Christians with the folly of are the beginnings of a native She told the school that during abandoning magic. "You will go ministry. Missionaries evolved the twenty years she had been hungry and find yourselves eat- a system of writing, using the probation officer in Hawaii, she ing tree leaves like animals." So English alphabet and spelling had never been called upon to the two villages had assembled the words phonetically. Schools investigate the character of any mountains of food, and the have been opened and many chil- boy or girl who belonged to a speakers – twenty of them – dren have learned to read and Sunday school. The sequence to commented on the absurdity of write. This year a translation this episode was registered the blessing the fields when God of the whole New Testament has following Sunday, when fifty alone could do this. Certain been completed in their lan- new pupils presented themselves sluggish Christians were not guage, at the Japanese Sunday school spared criticism. They w ere in that neighborhood.

Missionary

Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information I ~,_ _ _—–=—=—=—-~~——=-~—~~~~—,~ The Meaning of Right and Wrong. literature in particular. The au- questions which emphasize the By Richard C. Cabot. Pp. 463. $3.50. The Macmillan Company, thor knows India, its people and point of view of different schol- New York City. 1933. its prevalent religion-a knowl- ars. It seems to the present re- This is a most entertaining edge based upon long residence book, unique and original in its viewer that this book, along method of approach and its handling of the fundamental eth- in the country, close contact with with Mackenzie's "The Christ of ical problems. The best chapter its people and a deep and symis the discussion of "Honesty," the Christian Faith," and Speer's in which Dr. Cabot takes the true position, so convincingly pathetic study of its main re- "The Finality of Jesus Christ," maintained by the late H. Clay ligious system. Incidentally, the Trumbull in his little book en- constitute a notable trilogy in titled "A Lie Never Justifiable." The book stays within its ap- style is admirable, vivid and Christian Apologetic. The first pointed limits of a humanistic strong, carrying the reader right consideration of the basis of along with the thought; the nat- two complement each other; the right and wrong. To the readers of the REVIEW the true basis is last shows the foundation of distinctly religious and the fundamental and essential questions ural result of the material hav- both. Mr. Thompson's book is are "What is the will of God'?"; ing been first prepared in the "What is the mind of Christ?"; form of lectures. of peculiar value, not only to the "What is right in principle, i. e., in accord with the character of student of religions, but par- God ?" These are the forms in which the question of right and Part 1. is an historical inquiry ticularly to the missionary to wrong presents itself to the containing such arresting chap- Christian experience. But the India. W. 1. CHAMBERLAIN. form in which the question is cast by Dr. Cabot is real for the ter titles as, "An Event in Adventures in C h u r c h Worship. Christian experience as for the Time," "The Chief Opponents," non-Christian. And indeed it is "The Offenses," of "novelty Teacher's Book, Pupil's Book. By primarily here in its ethical Maurice Clarke. 12 mo. Morequality that present day religious and divergency," of "personal house Publishing Co., Milwaukee. conservatism and liberalism claims," of "revolution." stand each to be judged. The 1933. warning of the Sermon on the Part II. is an interpretation of Mount is needed by every gener- Dean Clarke of St. Paul's Caation: "Not everyone that saith the Avartara aCnrdosst,heetc.CrTohss~ thedral, Marquette, Michigan, unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter Karma and the has high qualifications for the into the kingdom of heaven, but work in the field of Christian he that doeth the will of my Fa- book includes valuable appendi- nurture. The course of study ther who is in heaven." concentrates upon the Christian ces. It is altogether a very able life as outlined in the services of R. E. S. presentation of the contrasts be- the Book of Common Prayer. It The Word of the ,Cross to Hindus. By tween the distinctive ideas of follows the expressional method, Hinduism and Christianity. using the pupil's initiative in E. W. Thompson. 8 vo. 328 pp. keeping a diary, and in close fel- 7s.6d. Epworth Press, London, 1933. Hinduism is one of the main lowship with the services of the religious systems of the Eastern church. It follows the order of This is a rare book, a notable the Prayer Book: the Church, contribution to Christian litera- world; it was the characteristic the Home, Baptism, Advent, ture in general and missionary product of India and it remains Christmas, Epiphany, emphasiz- ing the missionary enterprise, today the prevalent mode of Lent, Holy Communion, Easter, thought and worship in that Marriage, the Ordination serv- country. ices. The approach and content of each lesson are admirable and From a study of the Gospels always in touch with religious the author turns to Jesus Him- reality. The Pupil's Book, which is for home reading and not for self. The historicity of the Gos- class study, contains a story bearing upon each lesson. These pel and of the Cross as the cen- stories are sometimes Biblical, tral facts of Christianity are im- sometimes missionary, histori- cal, local. They are realistic pressively brought out in the narratives abo u t Columbus, first part. This is followed by Lindbergh, Livingstone, Abram, penetrating comparisons be- tween the teaching of Jesus and Hinduism, in regard to God and man and the way of salvation.

Part I. abneianbglea n his torical in- qU.lry.IS and appealing presentation of the Christian position w~ile Part II. being an mterpretatIOn naturally raises Any of the books noted In these columns wlll be sent by the REVJEW publishers on receipt of price.

[ 62] Onesimus, St. Francis, Gregory, found the Sermon on the Mount in the fields studied in the In- quiry. Augustine, Schweitzer, Edith a chief source of inspiration. It There was no independent Cavell, Bishop Rowe, the Prod- has reinforced their own teach- field study in America except by correspondence, available literigal Son, Matsuzaki of Japan. ers." The author gives a sum- ature, with a few interviews. Questionnaires were sent out, es- The course, though prepared for mary of the creedal statements pecially to missionaries who had withdrawn from active service, the youth of the Episcopal of Gandhi, Hu Shih and Kagawa in the effort to discover their reasons and also to secure their Church, is beaten out in the lab- in their own words. These state- judgment regarding possible im- provement of service abroad. In oratory of experience and can be ments are a revelation both of the nature of the case there is not much in the volume for the of intensive value in any church the attitude and spirit of the new information of the Boards from whom its contents were seor in any home in training young men whose life story is given cured and who are in constant conference regarding the i r Christians in the Christian life. here. methods and promotion plans. Mr. Turner's general estimate of The missionary note is every- We do not always agree with the quality of missionary per- sonnel on the field is higher than where clear and strong. Dr. Saunders in his views, but obtains commonly in the volumes of the Report. The Boards will HUGH T. KERR. the book is valuable as a striking of course study the volume for any practicable and feasible Whither Asia? A Study of Three interpretation of present-day guidance it may give, but there Leaders: Gandhi, Hu Shih, and does not seem to be much of leadership in Asia. These three value which is not really a de- Kagawa. By Kenneth Saunders, men are, in a sense, typical of scription of their present proc- Litt. D. Pp. 221. $2.00. The Mac- the countries to which they be- esses which they are steadily trying to improve. The volume millan Company, New York. 1933. long, and of great movements in closes with assurance that the day of the missionary is not over, Dr. Kenneth Saunders is one which they play so large a part. however great may be the change in quality and equipment who has done much to bridge the The greatest of the three, in of the workers. Noone could desire improvement in this rechasm between East and West in strength of character, moral gard more earnestly than mis- sionaries themselves. The techa catholicity of spirit. He is the courage and spiritual power, is nical nature of the book will probablv preclude its wide readauthor of a number of books, undoubtedly Kagawa. "Religion ing in the Church.

and dedicates these chapters to is to him the love of God and of CLELAND B. McAFEE.

the faculty and students of Vas- man. It is to all of us the spirit Impressions of South America. By Andre Siegfried. $2. 192 pp. Harsar College. The subtitle gives of loyalty to the highest, the court, Brace, New York.

the key, and the introduction sense of wonder at its mystery Indian Air:, Impressions of Travel in South America. By Paul Morand. $2. sets the stage for a very in- and beauty, the attempt to see 235 pp. Houghton Mifflin, New York. teresting comparative study of life steadily and see it whole. In South America, Lights and Shadows. present-day leadership in India, Kagawa, Asia will find a more By Kasimir Edschmid. Viking Press, New York. 1932. China, and Japan. In India, we potent leader than in either Since South America has deare told, the real soul of the Gandhi or Hu Shih-for he is a rived her cultural inspiration largely from France, anything revolution is Hindu. In China servant of Christ the Universal that a Frenchman says about that continent is of particular inthe real soul of the revolution is Son of Man. His personality is terest to South Americans as well as to the rest of the world. anti-Sinitic. In the former coun-. our best symbol of the Godhead: One of the reasons why "Impres- sions of South America" will be try they are trying to restore the in his ethics we find our most past; in the latter it is a revolt universal norm." But Kagawa against the dead hand of the has found a deeper meaning and past. All of these national lead- message in Christ: It is that of ers are the product of the min- the sufficiency and supremacy of gling of Eastern and Western the Cross-our only life and culture. It is evident in these hope. To this Hu Shih and Gandchapters that each of the three hi are still, alas, unresponsive.

leaders is a debtor to Jesus S. M. ZWEMER.

Christ, although in strangely Home Base and Missionary Person- different ways. An orthodox nel. Vol. VII of the Laymen's For- Hindu, fed on the New Testa- eign Missions Inquiry. Edited by ment, is leading India to remark- Orville ~. Petty. 199 pp. $1.50.

able reforms of Hinduism; a Harpers. New York. 1933.

Confucian scholar, who knows This is the last of the eight the ethics of the Sermon on the volumes of the report of the Lay- Mount, is breaking the bonds of men's Foreign Missions Inquiry, Confucius; a Christian socialist of which "Re-Thinking Mis- in Japan is not only preaching sions," first issued, was in some repentance of sin to individuals sense a summary. The material but is also exerting great influ- of this final volume falls into five ence on the government and na- sections: Recruiting and Selecttion. ing New Missionaries, Causes "It is surely revealing that all for Withdrawal of Missionaries, these three leaders are avowed Missionary Finances, Promoting pacifists, and in their very rea- Missions at Home, and a closing sonable and practical philos- chapter by the late Fennell P.

ophies of life they claim to have Turner on Missionary Personnel

read is because Professor Andre inces and supply jobs and con- zation of the Incas, as have Wal- Siegfried has written it, but tracts to partisans, in order to do Frank and Count Keyserling, those who expect to find here a maintain his seat, at least until the larger number not receiving but more reasonably, less fanatfundamental treatment such as given in the author's "England's their share of the spoils are ically. His appreciation of na- strong enough to revolt. Crisis" or "America Comes of ture, of the birds, the plains, the Age," will be disappointed. These East coast countries are furhastily written travel letters are ther advanced. Argentina is lit- mountains of Argentina, espe- spread considerably with large tle affected by Indian tradition cially remind one of Hudson type and attractiv~ illustrations so evident in the countries of the Pacific, it being very similar to whom he has evidently read with and drawings. Latin Europe plus the gaucho Professor Siegfried has done profit. In fact, while "Indian influences. The chief characterthe usual tourist "stunt" around Air" is literature, rather than istics of the Argentine are three: South America-Venzuela, Pan- sadness, inherited from the history or political science, and ama, Peru, Chile, Argentina, Arabs and expressed in the tan- is not always accurate in these Uruguay and Brazil. go; indolence, coming from the Fortunately he gives most of Spanish and encouraged by the latter subjects, the author has his time to describing his reac- wealth of the land; and arro- evidently read considerably more gance, a tendency to boast, with tions to political, economic and Spanish pride and Italian van- on these countries than has the social conditions as he saw them ity. A graceful intelligence and in 1931. Since it was in that ordinary travel writer. year that nearly all the countries unusual refinement of culture come from France! The danger A German view of the Southvisited went through a change ahead lies, not in any social caof government by revolution, it ern Continent is given by Kasiwas a particularly interesting tastrophe, but in periodic recur- rence of bad administration, fi- mir Edschmid. And, while not time to observe South American life and Professor Siegfried evi- nancial chaos with dissipation of so well written-or translateddently had his weather-eye out public funds for show rather loses nothing in comparison of most of the time. than for profit. First he saw the dictators, for Thus in outline are the keen subject matter. It is a more the first country visited was observations, though hardly new, comprehensive discussion of the Venezuela, controlled by General of this brilliant Frenchman, who is gradually analyzing for us the life of South AmeriCa than Gomez who, when he arrives in modern world. But it is too bad the capital from his country resi- that he has been willing to allow either of the other books, given dence, is followed by an endless these hastily written letters to largely by means of conversation procession of motor cars which be published rather than to have pass and repass the President so used his trip as preliminary to a with all kinds of interesting he may be sure to recognize his admirers. "But when one pene- real study of the complicated types, including the Dictator, forces that are shaping South trates behind the scene, one is Leguia of Peru and the German, almost aghast to find how primi- America for an increasingly tive everything still is." On the large place in future world life. General Hans Kundt, whom the other hand the author was tre- Paul Morand, the much trav- Bolivians have hired to lead mendously impressed with the eled compatriot of Professor their forces against Paraguay. progress and beauty of cities Siegfried, gives us in his "Inlike Buenos Aires and Rio de dian Air" a more finished book, South America is attracting Janeiro. in fact a charming piece of writ- more of the thoughtful attention On the west coast political ing, about equally divided in de- of the world, and suffers much problems for the author come scriptions of nature, of people, out of conditions similar to those especially the Argentine gaucho less than formerly from hastily in Turkey or the Balkans, where and the Andean Indian, and of written travel books. But, unpopulation is sparse and com- exciting experiences in airplane fortunately, she seems to get munications difficult, rather than travel. He finds the West Coast those of crowded Europe. There only the second-best of distinis little public opinion and be- with its Indians much more in- teresting than the East Coast, guished writers like Bryce, Keytween the white aristocracy and the latter being "all success, the Indian masses there is no progress, the machine …. but he serling, Clemenceau and Sieg- middle class. The powerful for- (the Andean Indian) who per- fried, to say nothing of several eigner is there only to make sists with the dull opposition of money. So a strong ruler, who North American writers who the Asiatic-he has the better of is supinely backed by an obedi- the stranger." have recently visited the southent congress, needs only to pay Morand philosophizes on the ern continent. S. G. INMAN. well the army and police, keep trustworthy agents in the prov- meaning of the mysterious civili- The Moslem World quarterly for Jan- uary, 1934. Edited by Dr. S. M. Zwemer, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

Considerable space is given to China, where the Editor recent- ly visited Moslem centers. He described the Fourth Religion of China, its spread and influence, and the present-day revival. Mr. Harold D. Hayward writes on the Kansu Moslems of today.

Other articles of interest re- late to Magic Cures in Popular Islam, Marriage in Palestine, The Modern Press in Persia, Bible distribution across the Sa- hara, Islam and Intellectual Freedom.

Books Obituary Notes . ., . as well as an able adviser and advo-

America Self Contained. Samuel Rev. Dr. Allen Revellen Bartholo- cate. Crowther. 340 pp. Doubleday Dor- mew, secretary of the Board of For- . an. Garden City, N. Y. eign Missions of the Reformed Church Dr. Charles E. Parker, for thirty- in the United States for thirty-four two years a preacher and. teacher of The African Labourer. G. St. J. Orde years, died on November 27 at his Telegu people in India, died last Sum- Browne. 238 pp. $5. Oxford Uni- .home in Philadelphia at the age of mer. Nearly 2,000 people came to versity Press. New York. seventy-eight. honor his memory at the funeral. Rich and poor, educated and unedu- TheClu[istian Mission in the Modem He was born at Dannersville, Pa., cated, missionaries and government World. William David Schermer- and was graduated from the theologi- officials, as well as outcastes who be- horn. 360 PP'.· $2.50. Abingdon cal seminary of the Reformed Church came self-respecting ChI' i s t ian s Press. New York. at Lancaster in 1877. through the Christ whom he preached.

poran's Ministers Manual – 1934. From 1904 to 1906 Dr. Bartholomew **• Compiled and edited 'by G. B. F. was president of the Pennsylvania. Hallock. 652 pp. $2. Harpers.. Christian Endeavor Union, and in Mi. Lucy Laney, head of Haines New York. 1919 of the Eastern Synod of the Re- Institute, a school for colored boys ahd formed Church. He headed the Gen- girls in Augusta,.Ga., died October 13. Gol Champions of Light. Frances eral Synod of the Reformed Church She was in her late seventies, having Jenkins Olcott. 220 pp. $1.75. Re- from 1926 to 1929 and also was a del- taught over 60 years. She is said to vell. egate to the Alliance of Reformed have been the most prominent colored Churches from 1924 to 1929. woman in the Presbyterian Church. Hospitals Overseas-Africa and the East Series. 88 pp. 18. C. M. S. As secretary of the missions board . *•• London. Dr. Bartholomew developed virtually. the entire foreign mission work of the Dr. B. F. West, who went to Singa- The Health and Turnover of Mis- Church as now constituted in Japan, pore. in the early days of the Meth- sionar;ies. William G. Lennox. 216 China and Mesopotamia. odist Malaysia Mission, died in pp. 75 cents. Foreign Missions .Seattle, July 2, aged seventy-six. Conference. New York. He was an honored member of the Committee of Reference and Counsel, *** Dr. John R. Dickson, an American physician who had spent fifteen years Let There Be Light-a Pageant of the Foreign Missions Conference of in China asa Presbyterian mission- Drama. Elliot Field. 87 pp•. Amer- North America, from 1925 to 1931, ary, died November 23 at Hwaiyuan, ican Bible Society. New York. and a beloved and valued member of China, of acute endocarditis. Born in the Editorial Council of the MISSION- Fargo, N. D., in 1884, he received his On the Road in Madagascar. A. M. ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD. Dr. M.D. from the University of Toronto Chirgwin. 159 pp. 28. 6d. S. C. Bartholomew's loss will be keenly felt, in 1910. After eight years in China, M. P. London. not only in his intimate circle of fam- chiefly as head of a hospital in the in- The Old Ideal and the New Deal. ily and friends but in his church and terior near Soochow. Golden Rule Book. Chas. V. Vick- mission councils and his world wide When Dr. Dickson opened his hos- ray. 196 pp. $1. Golden Rule contacts. He was a man of rare Chris- pital in Chinese 'buildings, he treated Foundation. New York. tian character and gracious spirit 2,800 patients in the first two months.

Read THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JANUARY NUMBER: The Fourth Religion of China …………………………… Samuel M. Zwemer Mohammed's Call .. . .. . .. .. .. . . . . . . . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. ……. Richard Bell The Modern Press in Persia …………. …………… . ….. Herrick B~ Youns Islam and Intellectual Freedom ……………………………… C. A: Soorma Magic Cures in Popular Islam ……………………………… .James Robson The Creed of AI·Sanusi (Part II) ………………………….. Frederick J. Barny Marriage in Palestine …………………………………… Hilma Granqvist The Scriptures in the Sehara ……………………………… Dugald Campbell Islam and the Mongolian Races ……………………………… A. C. Hanna The Kensu Moslems …………………. : …………….. Harold D. Hayward Current Topics …… Book Reviews …… Survey of Periodicals SUBSCRIBE TODAY …. « Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 RRh Avenue New York City Single copies, SOc.; Annudl Subscription, $2.00; in Combination with the REVIEW,S3.50 MARSHALL, MORGAN a SCOTT, 12 Pllemosler Bulldlnl" LOIIdon PrIce In Gre. Britain, Ellhl ShlllintS. net

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The Missionary Review of the World — November 1918

A In;VVSY SCENE IN THE CORNER OF ONE OF THE MARKETS IN BOGOTA

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. November, 1918 NUMBER XLI. TEN SIGNS Of THE TIMES NEW INCENTIVES FOR HOME MISSIONS T HIS war is a war of ideals, even more than it is a war of armies and of material resources. Ohristian ideals must be kept regnant, they must spread among the people if we are to live at peace and to make progress. Americans are recognizing more today than ever before that we must be homogeneous in spirit, however unlike we may be in race, attainments, and occupations, or we can never be a united nation.

This year, more than any previous year since the Civil ·War, also brings spiritual motives to bear upon the people of America and the full force of these motives must be recognized and utilized.

1. In the first place the people of America are sacrificially-minded. The high cost of living, the new modes and greater burdens of taxation, the abstinence wllich must be enforced both for food and for drink, the difficulties of transportation, the scarcity of fuel, the constantly recurring appeals for war relief and many forms of war savings and benevolence, the conscriptive draft, the presence of soldiers and sailors on every hand, the absence of loved ones at camps and overseas, the eager reading of news, with the thoughts outstretched into the world's affairs, and then the real tug of pain and suffering-all of these experiences-and others, some already felt and some anticipated and dreaded-make the heart tender, and open the avenues of approach to new purposes and new convictions. It is not a time of callous indifference; even the day of wanton luxury and extravagance has almost wholly passed.

2. A high and holy mission for America has become apparent. President Wilson has called attention Ito it most effectively; our soldiers and sailors are embodying it as they bring new hope and renewed courage to the battle areas of the world; our papers, discuss-

ing the possibilities of peace and after-the-war consequences, press it upon our attention daily; the people know it. Fortunately there is little gloating; bombastic jingoism is not often in evidence; the people are seriously minded as they think of the responsibilities upon America for the peace of the world, the policies of the world, and the prac· tises of the world which hereafter are to be required and enforced by adequate national and international laws and powers. America has become the arbiter of the lives and the destinies of many races and nations. It is a heavy responsibility.

3. The war has made the campaign for brotherhood easier. Barriers between classes have broken down. Men and women of all grades and stations work side by side in the peace industries and fight side by side on the battlefields and suffer together with a fuller realization of the common ties of humanity than ever before. Artificial distinctions do not count in times like these; and even many of the fundamental distinctions of nationality, and religion, and sex are overlooked. Ruman beings face each other and understand each other as seldom in the past.

4. Religion has a new meaning and a new force. The purely conventional is discredited and out of place, pushed aside as meaningless; but the real, the genuine, the vital-the human heart longs after this and human speech does not hesitate to confess the necessity of it. What has been called "The Religion of the Inarticulate," has been discovered in the men who are in the trenches and who "go over the top." This religious faith and experience is not spoken of much, if at all, yet it is real and vital as a steadying and sustaining force. This religion is in the hearts of men today, as probably never before.

These conditions, peculiar to 1918, sustain the Home Mission endeavor with the holiest aspects of patriotism and make the ministries, directed toward the extension of fellowship and brotherhood among foreigners and strangers, of meaning to our country as well as to our Church, significant for the flag as well as for the Cross, and of moment to the world. It is therefore peculiarly fitting that the emphasis during Home Mission Week this year (November 17-24) should be upon the need and the method for realizing American Christian ideals and for / training foreigners to. understand and appropriate these ideals.* HELP THE FOREIGNERSt T HE average American, even the average church member, has had too little concern about the foreigners who live in his vicinity. In many cases it has been worse than apathy, it was antipathy and contempt. The drafting of thousands of these unamalgamated Americans and the necessity of transforming them into intelligent citi- ·Write to the Home Missions Council or the Council of Women for Home Missions, and ask for literature and IlelpS to observe this week. Address 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

tAdapted from a paper by Rev. O. E. Goddard in The Missionary Voice.

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

zens and soldiers has shown the folly of past neglect. These handicapped races are showing such loyalty, such devotion to our country, that we are realizing our former undemocratic, unchristian attitude toward them. Many are beginning to ask: "What can we do to show a more friendly attitude toward these races?" Anything and every- thing that we can do to Americanize and Christianize them will be helpful to them and to American ideals. The easiest, most helpful, and the least expensive thing that churches can do along this lille is to open night schools for adult foreigners. It is a monumental blunder to allow these people to settle in great aggregations and speak their OWll language, sing their own songs, publish their own papers, and rewoduce here the life they loved beyond the seas. Under such conditions the process of assimilation will be slow and ineffectual. But if these people will acquire our language, sing our patriotic songs, rend our history, imbibe our patriotic atmosphere, the process of asf;imilation will be accelerated immensely.

This is the time of times for our churches to show themselves friendly to these foreigners. The church in which many of them were reared exploited them-charged them exorbitant prices for funerals, marriages, etc. Many of them feel that the church is a ·mercenary institution, watching for an opportunity to take more money from them.

rf the pastor can go to them and offer to open a night school in which they may be taught to speak, read and write the English language without expense to them, it will be a demonstration to them that the ehurch doing that has no mercenary motive. It would be a labor of love the influence of which is incommensurable. Surely no church would object to setting apart a room to be used four nights in the week for this night school.

Moreover, the church that does this will be blessed. Many churches in direct contact with foreigners are suffering because of an unchristian attitude toward foreigners. How can a church prosper which has no concern for. these less enlightened races for whom Christ died? vVe must have the Christ attitude toward these people if we would be the recipients of Christ's saving and vitalizing power.

SIGNS OF PROGRESS IN SOUTH AMERICA G REAT changes are noticeable in many Latin American repub- lics in the past generation. One missionary in Brazil reports not only matE'rial progress but improvement in the attitude of the people toward evangelized christianitlY and marked progress in Protestant missions. When Dr. J. W. Tarbaux, of the Methodist Chul'~h South, went to Brazil in 1883, he found anempil'e under Dom Pedro II. Now there is a republic-the United States of Brazil. 'I'hen slavery was still in existence. In 1888 they were emancipated, but poverty, sickness and vicious extravagance brought destruction to many of

them. In 1883 Roman Catholicism was the State religion and non- Catholic bodies could not worship in churches or bury their dead in the consecrated cemeteries. Now there is full religious and political lib- erty. The old time cities of narrow streets, without proper lights, sani- tation or transportation were the breeding places of yellow fever. Now these cities have modern buildings, wide boulevards, electric lights, water system, up-to-date sanitation and electric transportation.

In spite of all these improvements, however, Brazil as well as other Latin American republics, is morally and spiritually backward_ The Roman Catholic Church is still dominant, but multitudes of the people have drifted into atheism. There has been an improvement in the Roman Catholic Church, for contact with Protestant Christianity has led to many outward changes among priests and people. There is still lacking, however, in the Roman Catholic adherents an intelli- gent apprehension of the Gospel and the signs of true Christian life. The people are not "new creatures in Christ Jesus." The number of evangelical missions has greatly increased in the past generation, and their prestige in the communities is also greater. The :Methodists, Presbyterians and others have developed self-supporting, self-govern- ing churches which are centers of light for thousands of Latin Amer- icans.

Sweeping changes have also come about in Chile. Fifty years ago the thought of giving every child an opportunity for at least the rudiments of an education was derided. The idea of evangelizing the masses was even more ridiculed. But the few Protestant Christian men and women in Chile undertook to bring about a change of senti- ment_ In spite of discouragements, even persecution, they held reso- lutely to their task, until today the evangelical community numbers many thousand and wherever the evangelical church is found the school stands near by_ The evangelical influence has also penetrated the Chilean Congress and through its recent order each municipality has been directed to compel attendance of all children at school. All political parties seem determined upon the complete abolition of il- literacy. – Because the grade of teaching in Protestant institutions is superior to any other, their leaders are being consulted by cabinet ministers, and everywhere the mission schools are being imitated in the new government institutions.

Another encouraging and unusual sign of progress in Latin Amer-_ ica is the fact that the administration of the University of Montevideo, Uruguay, has issued a special decree, directing that Bible study be a part of the regular curriculum. This university is perhaps the leading one of South America. It is also interesting to note that Sefior .Vigil, director of El Mttndo Argentino of Buenos Aires, whose review has a weekly circulation of 100,000, very frequently urges the public

SIGNS OF THE TIMES 80S

to buy Gospels or New Testaments, a free publicity which has resulted in some eight hundred orders for the American Bible Society during the past year.

ENLARGED PRESBYTERIAN PLANS T HE Church is throwing off the shackles of narrow ideals and contracted programs and is beginning to see her world task in a more adequate way. The war is in fact responsible for this change. Provincialism is doomed. Narrow sectarianism has received its death blow. Money is seen, not as wealth to be accumulated, but as a force to be spent for the accomplishment of worthy aims. Vfhere men thought in millions they now figure in billions, and where they gave dollars now they pledge their thousands.

Most of the great· religious denominations are vastly enlarging their programs and their budgets. The Baptists have announced their five year program and have had their million dollar drive; Congregationalists have had their plans for enlargement; the Disciples have their "Men and Million'S Movement" and the Methodists are in the midst of their great centenary drive for $80,000,000 in four yea.rs. Now the Presbyterian Church· (North) has launched their "New Era Movement," of which Dr. William Hiram Foulkes is chairman and the former moderator of the general assembly is vice-chairman.

This New Era Movement was approved by the General Assembly last May and aims to unite all of the Boards of the Church in an attempt to more adequately fulfil the great tasks before them. The leaders aim to educate the Church to give more largely and intelligently, and to draw the various Boards into closer harmony and cooperation. In other words there is a systematic and constructive effort to bring the Presbyterian Church as a whole to understand and emulate the spirit of united sacrifice and service manifested by patriots in the present war.

The New Era Movement will not take over any of the administrative functions of the various agencies of the General Assembly, but will inspire Presbyterians' everywhere to support them adequately with men and money. A "five year program" has been adopted which includes: The rehabilitation of the Christian home. The reestablishment of the family altar. A return to the observance of the Lord's Day. Better training of children-intellectually and spiritually. Acceptance of obligation for the unchurched in each community. Promotion of personal and pastoral evangelism. Recruiting of young men for the ministry. More adequate training of Christians for leadership. Service for the nation's wounded soldiers and sailors, and their families. Co-operation with other Christian bodies in interdenominational service. More adequate occupation of neglected mission fields in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Widespread proclamation of the principles of Christian stewardship.

First the situation is to be carefully studied; then the campaign is to be organized, and after that it is to be put into operation. The means by which this program will be carried forward are public meetings, the printed page, conferences on stewardship, posters, banners and other methods of a great campaign.

Twenty-seven leading men in the Presbyterian Ohurch are behind the project which is endorsed by the General Assembly. Five districts have been established-Eastern, Oentral, Southern, Western and Pacific Ooast-each with headquarters and secretaries in charge. EnthuSiasm, organization and individual education are expected to make a success of this daring program.

The significant thing about these large organized plans of the various branches of the Ohristian Ohurch is that it shows the churches to be waking up to the magnitude of their task. They also are proving that the war has not deadened their sense of responsibility for spiritual work, but rather has quickened their determination to attempt still greater things for God and humanity and to expect greater things from God and from Ohristian men and women in enlarged sacrificial service.

IS MORMONISM STILL A MENAOE?

O PINIONS differ on this question. Many gentiles who live in Utah believe that the younger generation of Mormons are much more loyal to America and American institutions than were their predecessors. Others believe that the Mormon leopard has not changed its spots and that the church is as distinctly unAmerican and unOhristian as ever. I t is true that polygamy is not openly advocated, but polygamous marriages are still celebrated as "celestial marriages." Brigham H. Roberts, an avowed polygamist (with three living wives) has been given a Ohaplain's commission in the National Guard.

A correspondent in Salt Lake Oity writes that the war is seriously affecting the Mormon Oult for better or for worse. American blood is pulsing through the Mormon people as never before, and they are responding to the call for National service in an unusual way. The enlistment in the army or navy is bringing some 10,000 of them into close contact with hundreds of thousands of other Americans and they will go out to establish American ideals and not to spread Mormonism.

Politically the condition in Utah is more favorable to freedom than ever before. Religiously the leaders stand as formerly on the platform of Joseph Smith, the founder of Mormonism. They hold "with dogmatic unctions" to (1) plurality of Bibles; (2) plurality of gods, and (3) plurality of wives.

Mormonism has not changed and the leaders are apparently merely biding their time and working quietly to entrench themlielves in American life and institutions.

COM}ffiNT

~ HOME MISSION WEEK N OVEMRER 17 to 24 is to be observed in American churches as "Home Mission "Week," and in view of this the present num- ber of the REVIEW is largely devoted to Home Missions. The general theme for the week is "Christian Americanization-our National Ideals and Mission." Some valuable and practical helps have been published by the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions. And it is hoped that all churches will join in observing this week for study, prayer and conference.

The exigencies of the war have revealed the necessity for training Americans of foreign birth and parentage in the American language and ideals. Thousands of men in the army and navy have had to be taught English. It is time that the Christian Church undertook more earnestly and systematically to bring a knowledge of Christ into the homes from which these men have come. Men are becoming intelligent and patriotic American citizens, but they are not yet familiar with the elements of Christian life and truth.

Pastors and church members must take a deeper interest in this work henceforth and not leave it to a few employed missionaries of the churches.. Educated Americans should get into touch with foreigners, help them to learn English, instruct them in American institutions, show friendliness, and lead them to understand Jesus Christ and His way of salvation and of life. As Dr. Howard B. Grose says, "We must be more Christian if we would have them more American."· THE McALL MISSION IN FRANCE I N our August number a brief allusion was made to this mission founded by Rev. Robert W. McAlI in Paris, in 1872. The state- ment was made that the "war has brought (to France) a new sense of the seriousness of life,· the imminence of death and the need for divine help." The paragraph also called attention to a danger that confronts missionary organizations established for evangelistic purposes–namely, that in times of national crisis and physical distress, in their efforts to minister to the bodies of the needy thpy neglect the spiritual ministries which have been their chief purpose. The statement was made, on what seemed to be the best authority, that the McAlI Mission in France had turned aside from evangelism to engage almost wholly in social and philanthropic work. There was no intention to criticise the Mission for engaging in this most Christlike work *Let pastors. Sl1noay school snp-erintendents, women's missionary societies and young people's organizations send to the Home Missi<ms Council, 1,56 Ififth Ave., New York, for literature for Home Mission Week, '

for the stricken people of France, but only to take exception to the tendency or habit (if such there were) to omit attention to the deeper spirituaJ needs of men in attempting to minister to their bodies. There is surely no more Christlike work than "visiting the fatherless and widows in their' affliction" and the people of France have suffered untold losses and agonies in their brave and sacrificial fight for right- eousness and liberty. The world owes them a debt which can never be fully repaid. Ministering to their physical needs is a Christian duty and a privilege.

At the same time we must not forget the spiritual needs of France. In the past, that country, especially Paris, has not been known for its spiritual life. The masses have been unenlightened in the deeper things of Christ and their need for the Gospel is as great as in the days when Dr. McAn founded the mission. Rev. George T. Berry, secretary of the American McAll Mission, Mr. Reginald McAll, a rela- tive of the founder, and tnembers of the American McAll Mission, have been unanimous in their testimony that the REvmw has been misin- formed in regard to the present work of the mission. Mr. Berry and Mr. McAll have recently returned from France and report that while the mission workers are lending every effort and are using all their resources to relieve distress in Paris, and other centers where the Mis- sion Halls are located, their Gospel meetings continue and the spiritual aim of the work is not overlooked.

We rejoice in this testimony and trust that the work of the Mis- sion may be prospered in these days of unparalleled need. As Mr. McAll writes: "I look for a rich harvest, which indeed has already begun. As a special field for evangelism the reunited soUlier's family in . France has a double importance; for either we shall see periods of social and economic disturbance or, if we succeed in our present efforts, we may gather definite results for the Kingdom of God."

It is interesting to note that the McAll Mission was founded in days of peculiar distress like the present-only then it was due to internal eruption and today is the result of an enemy invasion. In 1871, when Dr. McAll first visited France, he visited Belleville, where the people had suffered so terribly during the Commune. As he was giving away French tracts to crowds of working people who thronged the streets, an intelligent laboring man said to him: "Throughout this whole district, containing tens of thousands of working men, we cannot accept an imposed religion; but if anyone wo.uld come to teach us re- ligion of another kind, a religion of freedom and reality, many of us are ready for it."

This was God's call to Rev. and Mrs. McAll and they immediately made plans to take the Gospel of ChriRt to the working people of Paris. A great work has been accomplished in these forty-six years for both the spiritual and physical uplift of the people. The French recognized

EDITORIAL COMMENT

the humanitarian work of Dr. McAll by conferring two medals on him -one from the National Welfare Society and the other from an organization for popular education. Dr. McAll was in 1892 made by the French government a Knight of the Legion of Honor.

The successors and supporters of Dr. and Mrs. McAll are devoted men and women who are giving themselves without stint to relieving the needs of the suffering people of France in the present crisis. Rev.· Geo. T. Berry, the secretary, writes from his personal observation that they are "overworked but tireless, depressed by the war but struggling bravely despite shortage in man power. . .. The Paris Oommittee is farthest from turning aside from the ideals in which the McAll Mission was born. Its evangelical purpose was never so determined as now. _ .. The tide of invasion has swept up to our very threshold and has isolated some of our most celebrated establishments or has carried away our very plants in its flood. . .. Persons in our clientele have been killed at their own doorsteps and others have escaped by the thickness of a wall only. . .. Not only are our ranks depleted by the withdrawal of all able bodied men, but we have sent as Ohaplains our most capable preachers and teachers to look after them, both on land and sea . . . of our staff in general, from our Director-in- Ohief to the last man and woman in the most remote provincial station, everyone is· working overtime and with a zeal as tireless as the task is unending. . .. In my nearly fifteen years of official connection with the lfcAll Mission, I have never known the undercurrents of its religious activities to run so deep and full. … The Mission has endeavored to l).tilize the responsibilities the war has thrust upon it in the form of relief work as peculiarly God-given opportunities to enter the holy of holies of each and every soul ministered to. As our Director-in-Ohief wrote: 'We have preached for over forty years that God is a God of love. If that love breaks down when the most is expected of it, people will say that it is a good theory for fair weather but for fair weather only. The war offers a supreme chance to prove that God is love and if we do not miss our chance we shall reap a harvest of souls for Ohrist.' "

BLESSED ARE THE PEAOE'MAKERS SOME of the present-day newspapers and propagandists of various kinds are not included in this class. The anti-Japanese cam- paign carried on in America to divert American attention and to create animosit(y against Japan has been planned to incite a conflict of the white and yellow races. Dr. Sidney H. Gulick, who has lived in .Japan for nearly thirty years and is now serving as the secretary of the Oommission on Relations with the Orient of the Federal Oouncil of the Ohurch~s of Ohrist in America, comments oli recent newspaper

editorials that arouse race prejudice and create a "yellow peril" for the Occident while creating a "white peril" for the Orient.

Dr. Gulick says: A pernicious doctrine of "white race superiority"· is being sedulously instilled into the minds of the American people. Its advocates talk continuously of "white race world supremacy" and the "inevitable conflict of the white and yellow races for world dominion." This propaganda is preparing us for another world tragedy.

fr this psychological poison is not overcome soon enough by the appro- priate anti-toxin, it is not difficult to foresee what the future has in store for the world.

"God hath made of one blood all nations for to dwell on the Earth." There is no hint in Ohristianity of "white-race" snperiority.

The antidote for this poison, disseminated through non-Christian papers, is a campaign of education promoting fair dealing, honest statements of facts and constructive legislation. This means the application of the principles of Jesus Christ to every material and international problem. In this way we can win the goodwill of Asiatics and make of the alleged "yellow peril" a golden opportunity for the practice of genuine Christianity.

THE IMPORTANCE OF MISSIONARY EDUCATION When earnest men and women become convinced and aroused on a great moral issue, they enter the lists to win. This is shown in America and England by the response to appeals for men and money in the war. This same principle holds true in the field of missions. Knowledge of conditions, possibilities and ideals enables the intelligent Christian to make the uninformed a partner in his knowledge. Then he has won . not merely a convert, but has gained a champion for the cause.

The Missionary Education Movement holds a unique strategic position in the field of missionary propaganda. It combines the brains and heart of the Protestant Mission Boards of the United States and Canada. It finds writers qualified to teach the millions who are study- ing missionary problems, and these writers distribute broadcast the inside knowledge that is the possession of the few at headquarters and at the front. The study b.ooks prepared by these writers focus attention on the details of the largest and smallest field; magnify them so that all may see them in their proper relation to the whole; multiply the number of observers and reflect the light and warmth of prayerful enthusiasm to individuals in all directions.

The Missionary Education Movement is a clearing-house of facts, ideals, plans and methods in the missionary field. It is an organization of great importance to the work of the denominational mission Boards.

The Movement has been signally fortunate in securing tIle Rev. Ernest F. Hall, formerly a Pacific Coast Secretary of the Presbyterian Foreign Mission Board, to become General Secretary.

Compensations of

BY THE REV. ALFRED WMS. ANTHONY, D.D., LL.D., NEW YORK Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council GOD can bring good out of evil. Long ago the human race learned . this; but the lesson, requiring analysis and discrimination, is not easy to perceive, and is still less easy to retain. Horace Bushnell in his book, "The Moral Uses of Dark Things," carefully set forth the beneficial effects of many of the ills and disquietudes of life. Ian Maclaren told a similar tale in "The Potter's Wheel," dealing now, however, more with the mental and spiritual experiences of men. The story can be repeated. Awful as war is, terrible as are the pain and suffering caused by the world's conflict of these recent years, yet even to these dark clouds there are silver linings. Honey may be taken out of the rock, and has even been gathered "in the carcass of the lion."

PHYSICAL BENEFITS It is too early to state in detail all of the material and physical devices and inventions which have been perfected by the mind of man under the stress of war's necessities. Flying machines, which at the outset of the war could do but little more than creep, now climb with astonishing rapidity, and soar with a security and range almost inconceivable. Tractors, partially developed, have made mighty strides as vans, lorries, armored cars, tanks and land "navies." Submarines have shown the possibility for long cruises, and of a carrying·capacity fitting them for times of peace. Trench warfare has developed the trench digger. The use of gas has demanded and has secured gas-masks, and gas-protectors. In almost every direction the physical sciences, stimulated by sudden demands, have enlisted a marvelous number of fertile brains and facile fingers for creating new agencies to meet the needs of imperative exigencies. Many of these inventions and improvements will permanently benefit mankind.

In t.he domain of hygiene and health are reported especially grati· fying instances of the conquest by medkal and surgical skill of human disease and suffering. Never in all the history of the world have the epidemics, the distempers and the disorders which usually accompany camp life and follow an army upon the march been kept at so Iowa number. One can almost say that disease is no more formidable in time of war than in time of peace. Indeed, in not a few directions, the soldier's health has been vastly benefited through his change from civil to military life; and the nations of the world, our own included, have successfully coped with disease, and thereby learned how to lift the whole level of physical well-being in the national life. Sanitation, hygiene and dietetics have been brought to new standards and pre-

pared for a wide sway among the people by this modern war, awful as it has been in taking its toll of life.

GAINS IN PERSONAL ACQUAINTANCE Because of the war, artificial barriers between people have been swept away. Men and women have looked each other in the face earnestly and seriously, and have seen, not artificialities, not place or station, gilt or gewgaws, but the real experiences of human beings. Ve have met strangers on the street, and in restaurants, and on trains and trolleys, and we have talked as men who are acquainted may talk.

The daily newspaper, and the periodical of the week and the month, have brought a new and a more vital message. The geography of the world is no longer strange to us. Weare learning as we never learned at school. Our knowledge of governments and of politics and of parties and of persons, too, even in foreign lands, has entered into a detail and an intimacy which would have seemed to us impossible a few years ago. Unwittingly we have become students of history, with a backward look into the past, searching for causes, noting drifts of opinion, and tendeneies of legislation, and longings and aspirations of the common people. vVe who have lived through a great war can never again be indifferent to the affairs of nations, and the strivings of peoples. We have taken a kind of university course in historical causation.

AN INCREASE OF SOCIAL SOLIDARITY Extreme individualism has been undergoing great changes. We have let society as a whole regulate most of our personal affairs,-even what we shall eat is to no small degree stipulated: those things which we may sell and purchase have been regulated both as to quantity, quality and price. The direction in which we may take pleasures, or must abstain, is prescribed unto us in not a few instances. Our free movements have been curtailed. Many forms of property have been taken from the rightful owners, at least for a period, and are now held and administered for the benefit of all. The cliques, the groups, the corporations, the trusts, the cities, the towns, the states, the individuals have been fused and solidified with common aims and purposes, for common objects and ends. Mere whims and fancies and personal preferences have been obliged to stand aside for the sake of the common welfare in the face or a common peril. There may be portents of evil in some of the after·war effects of this tendency, but now it brings blessings.

OUR NEW PATRIOTISM Love of country has learned to disclose itself, not in noisy shoutings of the Fourth of July variety, with the fire·crackers, the antiques and horribles, the bands and the oratory, but in terms of sacrifice. We have endured pain, and have shed tears for the sake of our country. We have given our sons; we have enlisted ourselves; we have changed the

SOME COMPENSATIONS OF WAR H13

entire course of our lives, sacrificially, for the sake of the land we love. The flag is more than an emblem now. Some of us who are beyond the age, or are of the sex not wanted under arms in either the navy or the army, have entered into a service of mercy and philanthropy just as loyally as though we donned the khaki and the blue; and others of us with no less ardor in our patriotism. bend beneath the old task, on the farm, and in the factory, and in the shop, and at the desk,- eagerly, earnestly keeping the wheels of industry moving that those who fight may be fed and clothed and equipped and furnished with all things needful. 'Ve, who with our hands work at peace, are no less ardently at war than those who are in camps and over seas. Our hearts are fired with the same purposes.

A GROWING INTERNATIONALISM When the days of neutrality passed, we began a career of new world consciousness. Whether realizing it or not, we modified our Monroe Doctrine. Isolation became no longer possible. We have taken upon ourselves the burdens of the world, and are vicariously pursuing a via dolorosa toward an exaltation and glorification which means an international new birth. When we heard the cry of Belgium, like the cry of one of old out of Macedonia, "Oome over and help us," we embarked upon a universal mission, "assuredly gathering" that a providential summons bade us minister. And now the ties of acquaintance and brotherhood are knitting us, not to the Belgians alone, nor to the English whose language we speak, nor to the French who once conspicuously served for us the cause of freedom, nor the Italians only, but to practically all the nations of the earth, the Russians, the Japanese, the Chinese. We sing no song of hate. Bitterness is not the dominant tone of our thoughts for those whom we call the Huns, using a phrase almost placed in our lips by Emperor William himself. All classes of our people, both high and low, busy men and statesmen, fully realize that from this time on America has a place in the council of the nations to exercise her influence and her good offices for the peace and the prosperity of the world. The necessities of war have brought us practically to the realization of a world-wide mission.

SOME ETHICAL AND SPIRITUAL GAINS All of the advances and advantages gained in the midst of these four momentous years have had touching and tinging them some elements which relate to the soul of man. Sympathies have been quickened a& people have learned to know each other better. Pride and haughtiness, the feelings of aloofness and distance, have given way. As we have le~rned to know each other better, we have come to understand each other better. Said a man on the street car the other day, as I gave him directlims for finding a certain railroad station, "People are more friendly nowadays."

But pure disinterestedness, the finest kind of altruism, has been

cultivated wonderfully. Each Liberty Loan drive, each Red Cross campaign, each appeal for gifts to the Young Men's Christian Association, to the Young Women's Christian Association, and to the other agencies engaged in war work and war relief, have brought to us as a people an enlargement of soul. We have learned our best lessons in benevolence, and have acquired the fine art of giving, and have sent forth with the gift the souls of the givers.

THE NEW KINGDOM A change is taking place in our conception of the Kingdom of God. We have formulated no new definitions as yet, but the elements of the new conception are in our minds, and need scarcely more than a touch to bring them together in clear and definite form. The idea that the Kingdom of God is a single church, or a single denomination, or is even confined within the limits of all churches and all denomina- tions, will never again have controlling sway over the minds of men. The innovation is not in new ideas, so much as in the definiteness of this new conception, and the extent to which it reaches in the minds of men who are not themselves church members. The Kingdom lias in it men who are not within the church; this is almost universally recog- nized, although perhaps but seldom distinctly confessed; and the spirit of the Kingdom is in a whole host of institutions and organizations which.are outside of the church; this, too, is becoming clearly perceived, and almost definitely acknowledged.

Rev. Arthur T. Guttery, president of "the National Free Church Council of Great Britain, who, as these lines are written, is in America interpreting the moral aims of the war, said in the hearing of a few gentlemen at dinner, that the Government in England seemed to many of the people "a holy thing." Perhaps the most significant thing about this utterance is that the speaker is a non-conformist, a passive resister, who, rather than pay taxes to the Government for the support of schools in which he did not believe, had permitted his goods to be confiscated and sold. Such a man possesses no sentimental proclivities which would lead him to idealize the State, and yet he saw, and acknowledged that others saw, in the State the approaching fulfilment of many of the purposes of God.

Though few, if any, in America as yet make such a declaration, yet amongst us the State is in verity taking on gradually,-indeed with a rapidity scarcely credible,-many holy characteristics. It embodies ideals of the highest and noblest kind, for which millions of men are ready to make the supreme sacrifice. To the State we are dedicating our sons and daughters, more precious to us than our own lives. Within our churches we are setting up the flag and many standards of the State, and are mingling her appeals and her advice with the declarations of our faith and most earnest vows. In many respects we even challenge for the sake of the State our own consciences, and in not a

SOME COMPENSATIONS OF WAR

few instances we have permitted the social conscience, at least for a season, to take the place of our individual consciences. 'l'his changed attitude toward the State has been possible because the State, as never before, is bent on righteousness, and is consecrated to hUman welfare and the manifestation of the divine spirit amongst men and nations.

Are there not signs of a new social order, an order of equity, of justice, of neighborliness, and of brotherhood? Did not Jesus teach that the Kingdom of God would be established when the sway of right- eousness was universal and the law of love was all-inclusive? Is not the Kingdom of God "at hand," when governments set righteousness as the object of their supreme endeavor, and consecrate themselves and their possessions to the maintenance of equity and good will amongst men and nations?

This Kingdom may recede-it probably will; it may waver and· halt; it may be misunderstood and be misrepresented; but it has entered into bolder outlines, into stronger evidence, than ever before, and has taken possession of men and institutions as scarcely dreamed of a few years ago.

We are too near this awful world catastrophe to estimate correctly all of its effects. It may be that He, who often causes the wrath of man to praise Him, may bring out of pain and suffering and sacrifice more good than evil; it may be that after-generations will discover in these years of travail and distress the birth of a new sense of human relations, and of mutual dependence,-the beginning of a better social order, the creation of a more Christian civilization which will permit the perfect and more rapid completion of the redemptive processes of God. .

THE GREAT DRIFT Catastrophic experiences such as these through which the world is passing in the great war make plain tendencies and under-currents of life which previously escape notice. There are certain social treks, drifts in the affairs of men, like that "tide in the affairs of men," which, whether "taken" or not, lead on to human destiny. The drift apparent in these recent days brings four great elemental challenges.

First, how far may we each enjoy and exercise our personal liberty? vVe are contending for the freedom of the seas and the liberties of mankind. The struggle is between autocracy and democracy, estab'- lished privilege and prerogative over against the rights and liberties of mankind. And yet in this great pursuit we are finding it needful, as never before, to curtail our own ordinary liberties. ·We cannot eat what we would; we are not free to travel as we were; our supplies of some of the most important commodities are regulated and doled out to us in stipulated portions; we cannot build houses, nor form corporations, nor labor as we choose; our incomes are inspected and levied upon; we are obliged to record our names, our ages, our occupations, and circumstances, and offer the bodies of our sons and of our very

selves for the common weal, under laws of conscription and military service,-all for the sake of social righteousness and social liberties.

Never before has the common good for the sake of all the people, low and high, poor and rich, weak and strong, loomed so high and. bulked so large in the consciousness of the people. A new day bas dawned, a new era has opened, requiring, to be sure, the adjustment of the individual's liberties with the liberties of the great mass of people. Almost a new religion has begun, a religion of brotherhood, good will, equity and righteousness.

In the second place, we are all finding it necessary to Challenge our own desires. vYe no longer may wish for those things whicb are not for the common good. Selfishness is socially and almost universally condemned. The man who would operate his automobile on a Sunday, when the welfare of all requires that he should not, pretty nearly mounts the pillory of social ostracism and contempt. 'Whether con- sciously .01' not, practically all American citizens are adapting their individual wishes to the thoughts and the purposes of the nation as a whole. The purposes of God, as manifest in our national history, and in the nation's opportunities, are taking hold upon individual consciences, and are regulating personal aspirations and longings. .

In the third place, the wishes of the people, always more or less superficial and ephemeral, are yielding to a clearer recognition of what we ought to have, that is, the needs of the people. vYe are seeing that certain things which we. did not wish are nevertheless good for us, and that we needed them. Nationally and socially we are bowing to a rod of chastisement, recognizing that, when 'we are duly exercised thereby, we are gathering therefrom the peaceable fruits of righteousness, which we as a nation have sorely needed. The luxuries and extravagances, by which our commercialized life had become characterized, have been in good measure laid aside and abandoned. 'Ve wanted them; but they were not good for us. vYe are becoming purified without them. Our simpler, more fundamental needs as individuals and as a people stand out more clearly than at any time since the colonial period, and are recognized as wholesome.

vYith this recognition we are socially acquiring the habits of mina .

which make ·us more humane, more charitable, more thoughtful of the needs of other men; and in this recognition we are going further now than formerly,-formerly 1ve thought of human needs largely in the terms of those things which are physical and material,-now we realize that the intellectual, the ethical, the religious and the spiritual qualities of men are as important as any of the physical qualities. The American Government, for the soldiers and sailors, for the industrial workers, and for all the people, undertakes to safeguard the finer parts of the mind and the soul, as well as those of the body, with a solicitude unparalleled in all history.

Fourth-vVhen then the question is asked, "vVhither are we going?"

the answer seems plain. "Ve are moving toward a definite aclmowledgment of social solidarity, social obligation, and the redemption of society as J?ossible, even though far off.

lt is a great thing for us to realize that We are moving. Many of us a short time ago thought we stood upon the banks of a stream, and that the waters flowed by, carrying with them certain institutions and individuals, while we ourselves remained fixed and secure: Now we perceive that we ourselves are a part of the stream; we are borne onward by the current; we see the banks themselves recede upstream. 'Ye have had our moments of misgivings and doubts and perplexities, moments which have been protracted into hours and days and months, ~'.Ometimes of anguish and agony. 'Ve have even asked, in almost despair, when it seemed as though .everything was giving way, "Has Ohristianity failed?" But most of us have recovered, in part at least, our assurance; we know that the stream itself, infused as it is in America and in the countries of the Allies with the spirit of sacrifice and altruistic service, is an expression of Ohristian purpose, Christian living and Christian dying.

The greatest gain which has already come ill part, and is issuing from the war, is this recognition that Christianity has not failed. The Clmrch and her institutions have responded to these great crises with a tpstimony and a ministry which have been convincing and satisfying to the moral judgments of men and nations. The. barracks and the battle fields, as never before, have been kept in touch with religious influences, under the guidance and the ministry of the church, linking them and the firesides and the altars of the land in holy fellowship. The governments of the earth have been speaking in the terms of Christian obligation and fellovship. The standards of all mankind have been moved further forward toward the recognition of a common brotherhood within the all-embracing purposes of a common Father; and the Christian method of dealing with men has been vindicated over against the method of might and force, which has spent itself in all its fury, and has received the condemnation of well-nigh all the earth.

The Worker's Prayer BY E'VAN HOBERTS Holy Spirit, purify and take possession of all for Thy ~Iory and keep me to the end, if end there be, in Thy servIce Teach me to serve; suffer me not to weary in Thy service. Give me the joy of the worker. Teach me to go as low as Thon ,desirest me to go, Thon who art condescending and compassionate. Open my eyes to see work; fill my hands, that have been cleansed by Thee, with work, and speed my footsteps, not in my work, but Thine. Keep my lingers skilful that I may not spoil Thy work-work for which Thou hast poured out Thy precious blood, which Thou hast purified by Thy tears, yea, by Thy very heart-blood. "0 Work, with all the riches of the Godhead upon it, behind it, driving it onward!" But there is no driving with God-Satan drives, God draws us. 0 Lord, draw me to Thy work and keep Thy work in me and enable me to draw others to Thy work. Manifest Thy work in these last days for the sake of the Atonement and remember the great Intercessor, Thy Son, Thy only Son Jesus, and Thy servants who are also Thy sons. Baptise me into the work for the sake of the Great Worker. Amen.

·Americanization-The Duty of

BY EVA CLARK WAID, NEW YORK Chairman of the Committee of Home Missions Among Immigrants, Council of Women for Home Missions M EN, in all ages and climes, have been the slaves of proverbs. No land or race has been free from the tyranny of the aphorism, the epigram, the satire and the philosophy that is wrapped up in the thing we call a proverb. Therefore our well recognized friend, "Haste makes waste," has long had an extensive dominion over secular and ecclesiastical Micawbers who waited for "something to turn up."

It is strange that the saints, who on Sabbath sang "0 Zion Haste," or adjured the Lord to "Make Raste Unto Me, 0 J..ord, Make No Tarrying," could act all through the week as though they had never heard the text, "The King's business required haste." And strange, too, that the followers of the Prince of Peace should have to learn the emergencies of the kingdom of peace through the sad emergencies of war. It is the old story-"Man's emergency, God's opportunity"- through which the slaves of the proverb are now becoming the couriers of the Prince.

For haste has become one of the virtues in political and economic life, and every enterprise of the nation gives practical demonstration of the old definition of this old word-"Vehemence, celerity, swiftness in doing something."

Over an office desk appear these words, "It can't be done-but, here it is"-and it seems a true epitome of America today.

Thousands of men, civilians today and soldiers in a brief tomorrow; hundreds of hamlets, quiet today and thronged with thousands of workmen tomorrow; swamps and cornfields today, a full fledged village tomorrow.

In all these great and vital things which America has discovered to be emergent necessities, no one fact has more plainly revealed itself as needing Emerson's "Shoes of Swiftness," than the great needs which have come to be summed up in the word Americanization.

For many years, far seeing patriots had realized that America possessed no small problem in a population which had thirteen million foreign born and nineteen million foreign parentage. But American optimism, both political and religious, had always said, in deed, if not in word, "Haste makes waste"-"Just. give them time"-"Another generation or two will settle matters." And now, behold, with dismay America has realized that not time or generations or optimism or songs in the sanctuary or prayers in the pUlpit will solve this problem, and unless there is to be a most awful waste of freedom, democracy, ideals and national life, there must be the most urgent haste; there must be "a swiftness in doing something."

Why is there need of haste in Americanization? Selfishly speak- ing, there is need of haste in assimilating all our alien population because of increased resources of labor and all that efficient labor brings to our land. ·We need intelligent, interested, loyal miners and .farmers and machinists and mill workers and shipbuilders, so that every resource of our great land may be available for our great national emergency.

We need a people able to read and speak our language, so that they may not be a fertile field for every seed of dissension and dis- loyalty, but may be a field ready for cultivation by all agencies of patriotism and loyalty.

,",Ve need a united, understanding, homogeneous people, to push forward to quick achievement all the plans and purposes of our great American Republic in her relation to this great war.

We need a people conversant with true American ideals to combat those creeping ills that threaten national existence in times of peace,. and strike and sting in times of war-those slimy things of greed and avarice and lust and anarchy and brutal power and ruthless exploitation.

Selfishly, for self-protection as Americans, we must make haste that all these millions stand where many of them already stand, cleareyed, resolute, intelligent, loyal citizens, pledging their lives with ours to the defense of our nation.

Speaking from another viewpoint there are great and compelling reasons for haste that should lay a heavy hand on all Ohristian activities. There is the sense of duty undone, of a trust poorly administered, of precious years wasted, of treasure withheld. As Dr. Steiner says, "To a large degree, the churches are American, their history runs parallel with the history of this country, their beliefs and practices reflect the American ideal, and Ohristianity, if it is anything, is an influence which makes for unity and democracy."

What have we done all these years to give to the spiritually destitute from lands, whose religious ideals were a spiritual desert, the true· ideals and the inspiring beliefs that have made our own land blossom and bear fruit? 'Vhat interest have we shown in building up for our immigrant population those same fair structures of life which we plan for ourselves and our children? How much have we cared for their bodies or their soqJs aside from those provisions which would safeguard us and our children and assure us "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness?" How much has the Ohurch done to build them up as citizens and part of a great nation? And how much has the Ohurch reflected on the enormous influence for good or evil our great foreign element has on all the far extended kingdoms of the world from which they have come to find a promised land? Alas, that we should have

needed camps and cantonmen,ts and enemy propaganda and sabotage and industrial peril and international consciousness to tear from us our garments of smug complacency and satisfaction! It is indeed the "King's business" and it does "demand haste." , Wonderful things are being done-'-Americanization is a national movement, with thirty-one states organized under the Council of Na- tional Defense for direct work with the foreign born through thousands of smaller organizations. The Bureau of Education has a large co- operative work of great constructive importance, with a special 'Var Work Extension to handle war emergencies-Governmental Publicity Bureaus work with a large number of nationalities, and the Libertiy Loan, Food Commission, and American Red Cross agents leave hardly a home in America untouched by patriotic appeal and explanation of America's war motives. State Boards of Education and great indus- tria~ groups are vigorously pushing the classes for foreign-born work- men, and women's committees in a number of states are conducting the classes as those in the various industries. Bureaus of Information for the foreign born have been established all over the United States, and Loyalty Days, Community Councils, Pageants of Patriotism, City Block Parties, vVar Bulletins; "America First" Societies and Village Honor Rolls are only a few of the methods used in the new campaign for Americanization. New laws have been placed upon the statute books of various states and cities, speeding the vital features of these Ameri- canization programs and, even in the midst of military preparation, the War Department has pressed the classes in English and the other Americanizing features in the great cantonments.

In all of this, many of our Christian citizens have had a vital share, and we would not minimize the faithful work of such devoted patriots.

But has the Church, as a whole, measured up to the nation's demand for haste? Have all the Church agencies, dealing with the foreign born been given stronger backing and supplied with an adequate staff? Have new enterprises been established at strategic points? Have church facilities been put at the disposal of crowded foreign sections? Have church assembly rooms been the rallying place for Christian patriotic propaganda? Have Christian men interested themselves in the multi- tudinous activities and national societies that catch the fancy of our foreign-born peoples and control their thought? Have Christian women interested themselves in the poor foreign-born women, who have a little service flag in their windows, and face terrifying problems in the ab- sence of husband or son? .

"Americanization is a message which not a few, but many, must carry. It needs no new organization or elaborate machinery; it needs only the use of the existing loyalty highways already built."

The Church is the great loyalty highway already built. We tread its firm way with feet unafraid, even in the midst of war's alarm. Shall we not hear the call of the "King's business," which "demands haste?"

A RELIGIOUS SERVICE IN A LUMBERMAN'S

What the Lumberjacks Need BY REV. THOMAS D. WHITTLES, FOREST FARM, MINNESOTA Supervisor of Logging Camp Work for the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions W E were standing at the flume, the logger and I, conversing, . while the mountain brook carried the grumbling and grinding logs down the boarded waterway to the river. Back of us the bold-faced cliff lifted its storm-torn head to a majestic height, while our eyes feasted on the cedars of centuries and the pines of forgotten years. .The breasts of the hills were green and the valley, through which ran the snow-fed river, was an emerald of everggrreeeenn_. It was a land in which God had wrought wondrously, and while we gazed He poured over it all the golden glory of an effulgent sunn_.

The rough-garbed giant, who stood by my side, raised his hand over the landscape and it seemed as if there were a kiss in the gesture, but as it moved in the direction of the camp his fingers twitched, his fist closed, his face hardened and he exclaimed: "'''hat this country needs and needs bad is religion and it needs a wwhhole lot of it!"

I had looked to him for a material estimate and he had answered with a spiritual demand. I looked again over the landscape teeming with the goodness of God and at the camp from which came the oaths of men.

Yes, what this country needs is religion. Particularly in the camps, home and its teachings belong to the past, restraints are gone, absence

aids forgetfulness, the unselfish counselors are lacking, sin· in.vites, lust is brazen and the wandering boy in the "far country" spends himself and his cash in the riot that fattens on wages and the flesh. The Jogger was right; the country of the camps needs religion and it needs it badly if men are to obey the ten commandments, practice the Sermon on the Mount and live to the credit of the nation and them- selves. But who is going to give them this religion if the Church of Jesus Christ does not "deliver the goods"?

Someone whose soul breathed the sad humor of sacrilege had fas- tened a picture of Christ to the wall of the bunkhouse and on it had pinned a red necktie and a banner with the inscription: "Jesus Christ the First Hobo." It was a challenge and Fred Davis, the camp mis- sionary, accepted.it the moment he saw it. Davis removed the blatant necktie and the scurrilous banner and thrust them into his pocket amidst an audible silence. Then he said: "Jesus Christ died for me and I'm willing to shed my blood for Him. He came into my life when I was a thief, a down-and-out, useless to myself arid others-when there were three indictments hanging over me-and he made me clean and usefuL There would be little manhood in me if I did not stand up for one who did so much for me, for the Christ whom some of you would make the butt of ridicule."

Noone answered the defender, for the transformed life of Fred Davis was an unanswerable argument for the living Christ.

In the Western camps a rampant spirit of iconoclasm is fostered by men whose whole idea of life is selfishness. By this philosophy all motives are looked upon as sordid; the dollar is the only cause of action; the community, the nation and the race are as nothing compared to selfish interests. Social and economic conditions are attacked with heated fervor and the churches ·are regarded as the fostering parents of every blemish to which flesh is heir. Therefore the churches are reviled and denounced as subsidized time-servers and oppressors.• These propagandists are ever present with their nostrums and canvassers of infidel literature and unmailable stuff peddle their books from camp to camp. There would be no one to call into question the agitators' perverted reasonings and accumulated untruths, to represent faith in God and point to cleaner lives, if the camp missionaries were not making their rounds in the name of Jesus Christ.

However, this oft and constantly reiterated system is sometimes jarred from its underpinnings by acts which do not conform to the aforesaid thinking, and then the observer is compelled to entertain other thoughts; and if assisted in his thinking, a change of philosophy and of life is the consequence. The camp preacher visited a hospital where a number of lumberjacks were being treated. He made the rounds, leaving with each patient a word of cheer and help. On one of the convalescents he pinned a little rosebud. Usten to the later testimony of the recipient: "You prayed for. me in the hospital, but when you pinned

WHAT T.f:[E LUMBERJACKS NEED

A LUMBERMAN'S RAILROAD DINING CAR that rosebud on my bosom I knew you loved me and that made me think about Christ as never before." The gift of the rose spoke of the gift of Christ and love prompted both.

In this connection let me quote Dick Feerrrreelll, ,aann €x-prize fighter, who for the last four years has labored for the salvation of the camp men in the Panhandle of Idaho: "The fellows can cuss and blaspheme God out in the woods, but when they are hit in the slats and have to go to the hospital for repairs, then we get a chance to apply the Balm of Gilead to their banged-up souls," .

"Who pays your way?" asked a lumberjack of Rev. H. I. Chatter- ton, a Washington camp missionary. "You can't give all your time to us fellows and support yourself." The missionary explained how the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions was sending men into the camps that the lumberjacks might have the Gospel and be encouraged in right living. "Do you mean to say that the Christians back East are inter- ested in working men they have never seen and are spending money to help them? 1; thought that they were all high-browed money getters who only thought of themselves." The perverted philosophy received another jolt and the trend of sentiment was lifted.

To many campmen the past is dead and home with its relationships has passed from their lives-theirs is the life of the unattached. Memory reminds them, but they send no linking message. Failure has made many ashamed to write and the long silence lengthens. But on one Mother's Day the preacher centered his thoughts on home and Mother and at the close of the meeting distributed writing materials and asked the boys to write. A score responded, some writing for the first time

since they had left the home tree. Jack M-cCall, our missionary in Montana, induced a lad to write home after a three years' silence. The lad was reluctant, fearing that his family had cast him off as he had cast them off. When the missionary again visited that camp the youngster was beaming: "See here, Pilot!" he said. "Here's a letter from home and it's signed by everyone of the family! Say, but ain't this family life a great thing, though?" And back East a whole family thought the Logging Camp Mission a great thing. .

The day was rainy and the "bull cook" was splitting kindling in the shed where Rev. D. K. Laurie took refuge from the storm.

"Looking for work?" inquired the "bull cook," easily mistaking the minister for a lumberjack, since he was dressed as a woodsman.

"I have a job. I'm a camp preacher," replied the supposed lumber- jack.

That was enough. The "bull cook" unlimbered his artillery on the Christians, who in his estimation were a set of fools.

"I tore up my Bible years ago," he asserted.

"Who gave you that Bible?" asked Laurie.

"My mother," said the axman, and his aggressive belligerency suddenly lost its fervor.

At the meeting that night the "bull cook" was gracious and helpful, even assisting the preacher in a duet-"Where Is My Wandering Boy Tonight?" Later came his story: He was a son of the manse and seven years before, after a disagreement with his father, had left home.

From that day his whereabouts had been hidden from the parents. But that year Christmas was a joyous time in the old manse, for the wanderer had returned.

When Frank Higgins began visiting the camps twenty years ago, he was alone in his ministry to the foresters. As his work proved itself, other parts demanded his assistance and, thank God, other workers joined him in his endeavor to lift the lumberjacks. Today from Maine to Oregon the camp chaplains distribute literature, visit the sick woods- men and preach in the forest bunkhouses. One missionary's report for last year mentioned 341 services held; 318 professed conversions, and 1,043 personal interviews on religion.

The outside world has yet to learn the real lumberjack and it will never acquire the knowledge from the movies. The picturesqueness of his life and surroundings, his spendthrift ways on the return to town, the bronzed countenance and the swinging figure all lend a fascination, while his reticence and devil-may-care air cause the un- initiated to place him beyond the pale of law and decency. But beneath the rough exterior is a rich kindliness, often rough, but nevertheless kind, and this in itself compensates the men who minister to his spiri- tual needs. When the reticence is broken, the woodsman shows the same large longings, common to all of us, for a better experience in which there is rest in God.

WHAT THE LUMBERJACKS NEED

A great sobering change has taken place since the states of Wash- ington, Oregon and Idaho have outlawed the saloons. In the old days when the jacks returned to town the streets were mottled with drunken woodsmen: now it is rare in those states to see one under the influence of liquor. The bootlegger has done his best-or worst-to evade the law and the officials have pursued him until the illicit traffic cannot bear the cost. As a consequence, the lumberjack is learning the real value of money and possesses it for more than a day at a time.

To the gospel of salvation the missionary has added the gospel of thrift and teaches both to his bunkhouse audiences. In one camp of sixty-five men, forty have opened saving accounts-an unheard of con- dition! A missionary remarked: "They kept me broke before the booze went out; since then, only two of the boys have hit me for a meal. This dry territory is a good thing for me, too."

In the non-license states the goddess of chance has many worship- pers among the camp men. Now that drink is unobtainable, the insid- – ious card game is taking a larger toll and some of the camp officials have found it necessary to forbid all games of chance and even the playing of cards for mere amusement. "When you get through with this hand I wish that you would let me use your table for a pulpit." said a missionary to a crowd of gambling lumberjacks. The hand was finished, the service was held, every man remaining to it, and after the benediction the game was resumed.

After such a service Fred Davis entered into conversation with a man who thus unburdened himself: "I'm making a little money working days, but I'm making more at the card game at night and I'm not going to quit till I have my pile. I know I ought to be a Ohristian, but not just yet. After a while I will." Later this lumberjack shot a man at the card table. One day Davis preachedJn a Oalifornia prison and the warden told him that one of the prisoners wanted to speak to him. At the cell an arm was thrust through the bars and the man in the shadowed space said: "I'm the lumberjack you pleaded with tl) change my life and become a Ohristian. I wouldn't because I was making money by gambling. Now look at me! Help me to get right with God." With the bars between them they knelt and while they prayed together Ohrist fulfilled his promise and gave liberty to the captive.

The missionaries are attacking the problems, proclaiming to the camps the wisdom and power of the Gospel and picking the men as individuals for the Master. They have a big job which demands more than their number can give, for the field is large. The harvest is ready and the souls of men are wasting. Only by saving this waste can we win the war for Ohrist.

of Men in

BY MRS. C. S. WILLIAMS. BOGOTA, COLOMBIA Author of "The Least of These"-in Colombia B OGOTA sits placidlYJ nearl'y two miles above the sea. It cuddles against two mountains rearing their crests two thousand feet ahove the city, dominating the vast level plain that stretches away at their base. Although near the equator, it is "tierra fria" (cold country) because of its elevation. The air produces a peculiar light- headed sensation. One is almost certain that, if he could raise his arms and tlap them a little, he could sail away to the clouds so intimately near. Chill and clammy are the houses into which no sun penetrates; tbin and hot is the air of the sunny streets. Thus we doff our shawls and overcoats when we go out, and don them in the unheated houses.

There are seasons when it rains every day. One afternoon a ter- rific tropical storm burst upon us in all its fury. Long sheets of water, wind-driven, fell athwart the world. The pounding of it on the open, brick-floored patio was deafening. The dimness of it hid the faces of my pupils in a class-room of the "College American F'or Boys."

Dominga, the little scrubwoman who came to us for two days' work each week, rushed unceremoniously into my presence.

"My senora, my senora! Those children, they are drowning, drowning!" she shrieked.

"Dominga, what is the matter? What do you mean?"

"My children, Oh, God, my children!" sobbing convulsively. "It Is so cold and dark in the hut and they both have so much catarrh. This morning the sun appeared so bright, so hot, I left open the part above of the door. Window there is none; when I shut both halves of that door it is of a darkness in that room like middle night. I left those children in front of the door opened by the half above; and now it is raining. But how it rains! They are wet even now, and the hut is full of water. They are surely drowned. Oh, my God! Oh, my God!" with a groan of despair.

"Yet, I do understand, Dominga. Surely the children are not yours? You are only a girl yourself."

"Of course, my senora, those children are mine." "I did not dream that you have children. How old are they?" "·Who knows? They are but tiny. One commences to walk but a little, and the other is small, very small." "And you leave them alone in your hut all day? Who cares for them while you are away?" "Of course, no one, my senora. Who is there? There certainly is not anyone." "Are they not hungry, cold?"

MOTHERS OF MEN IN COLOMBIA

"But yes, why not? What does that mean to say?"

In my simplicity, for I had not been many months in Colombia, I asked, "Where is their father, Dominga?" "Who knows? I have not seen him since the most little one was born. He does not come again."

Dominga was sent home through tile descending flood and instructed to bring the children when she came again.

The next morning she appeared, carrying them both. J anito, the elder, with his sallow pinched face and great appealing eyes, wore one dirty garment which stopped far short of the knees. Carlito, little, starved, dull scrap of humanity, was partially wrapped in a ragged piece of old shawl. And we were shivering ill our woolens.

Some weeks later, one sparkling Sabbath morning, little Dominga crawled into our patio, staggering blindly under the weight of the two children. Paubla, my servant, came to call me.

"My senora, Dominga is here, and it is very sick that she is. Who knows what that is that she has?"

I went at once to the corridor, where she had sunk-a bundle of rags-upon the floor. My hand upon '''I-''WwOo OF "THESE LI''ll"'I-''LE ONES her brow was not needed to assure TDho>mmiinnggaa's Two Chilaren-Juanito and Carlito me that she had high fever; her flushed face, hollow hurning eyes, and restless hands spoke all too plainly.

"Dominga, girl, what ails yOU?" I asked.

"I am ill, very ill, my senora. Can you help me? It is certain' that I have no other to whom to take myself."

In the midst of my inquiries as to symptoms and my producing of remedies it occurred to me to inquire when she had eaten last.

"It was the Wednesday, my senora. Here in the house of you. For

now there is no work. Almost all these familie~ are passing a time in the country. There is no scrubbing; and I have nothing that I can do."

Wednesday-this was Sunday! And little Carlito depending upon her!

*** On the flat square in front of the church, one block from the boys' college, lay The Market of the Snows. It was the usual odorous, crowded, repulsive plaza, where all vendors squat upon the ground, with their wares piled about them, and all buyers press through the narrow aisles, haggling over prices. Occasionally a priest, in garments far from clean, passes up and down the aisles, carrying a tiny image of the Virgin. Both buyers and vendors are expected to pay a penny for the privilege of kissing the worn image.

Crowded to one side of the plaza was a woman of unusual good fortune-she had a stand upon which to place her fruit. This woman, of an open, pleasant countenance which bespoke a large measure of intelligence, and with wonderful dark eyes through which her soul shone, was old in appearance, yet young in years. Before her stood the dirty little table upon which she spread the bananas and oranges that she had brought upon her back from a distance. Under the table, in a grimy dry-goods box, guiltless of pillow or blanket, lay the "most little one" of her four small children, he whom she carried bound across her breast as she staggered under her mountain of fruit. The three other children played about, receiving a resounding slap whenever they rolled under a purchaser's feet, fighting at intervals for whatever they found that could go into their mouths.

The market-places are unroofed. One morning as I stood by the woman's stall I was caught in a sudden swish of rain. I raised my umbrella, stepped back under the shelter of a house and watched the fruit-woman. Producing an oil-cloth, unspeakable as to condition, the mother swept all four of her progeny under the tiny table and covered it, fruit, children, and all, with the cloth. She herself, protected only by a battered old straw hat, stood calmly receiving the down-pour.

A few days later I missed her from her place. Inquiry of her neighbors of the plaza revealed nothing.

"Who knows? It is certain that she is not here; there is no more to it," with the utmost indifference.

A week or so later, as I descended from a street car, I saw her, again standing behind her table. When I stopped to inquire the cause of her absence I noted her wan, hollow-eyed appearance.

"Have you been ill, Adelaida?" "Why not? But look you at this," and she drew back from the box under the table the filthy rag which covered-not one, but two babies. The "most little one" had given place to another; a naked little creature of a week, pitiably tiny and weazened. Two babies to be car-

MOTHERS OF MEN IN COLOMBIA

ried upon her breast, the fruit to be borne strapped upon her back, the three small, unkempt children to be dragged back and forth, crying as their little feet are lacerated by the cruel stones of the pavement-six mouths to feed.

Where was the father? "Who knows?" There is no marriage among this class. No man is responsible either in the eyes of the law, or in the sentiment of the community, for the upbringing or support of children. That task belongs t.o the mother alone. May God pity the mothers! 'frhere is no one else, eith- er to pity or to help them.

A lovely, gracious Portuguese .~.

lady came among us. She was the wife of a gentleman connected with the Foreign Legation, and the mother of a frail, white, little son of t.wwo months. Benedicon was employed as wet-nurse to the babe. Eight months slipped by, and the little Port.uugguuese boy became a plump, rosy youngster, the delight of his proud parents. But the child of Benedicion did not flourish. For a small sum each week, he was cared for by an old woman living in one of the hovels that creep up the hills back of Bogota. Neglected, insufficiently nourished, both his body and his scalp were covered with scabs; yet t.hhe mother's heart cherished him and yearned over him. KETTLES FOR SALN–AND A WOlMAN Each Sabbath afternoon Bene- dicion was allowed to visit her child, for the Senora Abasecal was kind t.o her servaanntt.s. One Sabbath the woman found the door of the hovel closed_ Noone was within. No boxes for chairs, no blackened clay- kettles, the usual furnishings of these huts, were to be found. Evidently the place was deserted.

"Unto where has the old woman gone with my child?" asked the anxious mot.hher, at the near-by huts. .

"Who knows? We did not see her go to any place," was the answer.

"But surely there is someone who saw her go. Is she in another part of the city?"

"Who knows? There is nothing that is certain."

"Is it possible she goes to the country? Did she not tell anyone that which she does with my baby? Where is he?"

"Why ask more? The thing is not known here." All that night and far into the next day the poor frantic mother searched the city for her child. She never found him. The probable solution of the mystery was that he had died from neglect, and the frightened old woman,. afraid to face the mother, had hidden herself. Senora Abascal sent out men to hunt for Benedicion. She was found, the second day, wild, haggard, her hair streaming-a raving maniac. We have no insane asylums in Colombia. Neither are there poor- houses, soldiers' homes, old people's homes, asylums for the dumb, the blind, the defectives.. These it is that make up our beggar class-the crowds ~upon the streets that make you feel it a crime for you yourself to be decently clothed and well fed, in the midst of such misery.

*** Rosy-cheeked, bright-eyed Socorro (succor) came to me when I was in desperate need of a cook. She knew little of the art of cooking, but she was willing, of a happy disposition, and honest; the last two qualities being unexpected jewels in the character of servants in "tierra caliente" (hot country), where we now dwell. Socorro was plump, neatly dressed, and so youthful looking, with a red ribbon bobbing gaily on top of her shining black hair, that I stared in amazement when 8he told me she was the mother of ten children.

"Of ten children, Socorro? Why how old are you?" "Who knows, my senora?" laughing at my astonishment. "But I had not many years when my first baby came to me. She was a little girl, and pretty, oh, my senora, so pretty. All my children are beautiful. More beautiful than their brothers and sisters." "What do you mean, Socorro? How can children be more beautiful than themselves ?" She laughed heartily.

"My senora always is so lacking in the understanding-oi our customs. Those children of mine are more handsome than their legitimate brothers and sisters."

Of course Socorro had been the concubine wife of some gentle~an. Anyone seeing her well preserved body and youthful spirits could have guessed it. She had not toiled in the streets to support her little ones. Her beauty had bought her a home, perhaps a two-roomed hut, and a servant besides. She and her children had been sufficiently nourished from the baskets of food sent her each week. I understood it perfectly. Were there not a dozen such establishments in our immediate neighborhood? It is the universal "custom of our country."

"But why do you go out to service now, Socorro? Surely your children are small and need you."

MOTHERS OF MEN IN COLOMBIA

The woman burst into tears as she chokingly replied: "He has deserted me and I must work to give the children to eat."

"The two dollars which I pay you 6Guach month will scarcely clot.he you and feed ten children." "Oh, no, my senora, I do not need to feed t.en. He put those chil- dren into service when they had seven years. Three only are left to me.

My little Enrique, oh, but I loved .

him the most—-almost the most- he gave to those Jesuits to make him a priest.. Me, the mother of a priest! Is it not. wonderful? Three I have, no more. The most little one is tiny, like t.his little white daughter of you. Oll, if the Virgin would but let me see her!"

"vVhere is she?"

"I left. her in the town of Socorro.

Surely you understand, my senora, that I was named for my birth-· place, Socorro? Socorro comes to help you from the town of Socorro,"

and,she went off holding her plump sides in the excess of her merriment.

A few days later, the woman hurried into the house and, without going to the kitchen to deposit the A CONNTTRRAASsTrr IN COLOMBIA huge basket of marketing which she 'fhe chUild, strapped from morning until night carried upon her head, burst ex- upon her sister's back, iIs but one year younger citedly into my room. than the missionary's son In the foreground of the picture "My senora, you yourself cannot imagine what I saw with my own eyes. Certainly it was my daughter, Rosita, my first baby. It was none other. Oh, but she has grown so big and that handsome. It made so much heat in the plaza and I had such a thirst, I went to seat myself for a moment~ohb, just a tiny moment, my senora-in the grog- shop. A girl, but the most pretty of them all, gave me my guapo [rnative beer]. Then she did not leave me but stood and gazed at me, Socorro, the mother of her. Oh the joy of it! My senora does not know the joy of it!"

As I glanced at my little daughter I thanked God that I probably never would know just this particular joy which she wwaa~s experiencing. I thought of children in America, sixty years ago, snatched from the breasts of loving mothers, and I wondered: When will the mothers of South America come into their God-intended estate?

(To be concluded in December)

Church and the Social Question-II

PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS AS TO THE PRESENT DUTY OF THE CHURCH IN HELPING TO SOLVE THE SOCIAL PROBLEM BY REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D., BALTIMORE, MD. Secretary of War Industries, War Work Council of the Y. M. C. A.

I N the former article was discussed the nature of the Social Question and the relation of Christianity to it. We discovered that the social question, from a Christian point of view is primarily one of spirit, not one of system. It is one of hUillan relationships and is, in a word, simply man's answer to God's question-"Where is thy brother?" and an attempt to respond to the commandment, "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself."

We discovered also that Christianity is the only solution to the Social Question and that this solution is embodied in three elemental laws of Christianity, namely: the law of regeneration, the law of right- eousness and the law of love. .

In view of these facts, what is the duty of the Church toward the Social Question. We answer that it is four-fold: 1. TO GIVE LEADERSHIP TO THE THOUGHT OF THE SOCIAL MOVEMENT Let it not be forgotten that the Social Question is primarily one of social thought. It is a philosophy before it is an activity. The modern socialists have seen this, and hence they have spent their lives in seeking to mold the thought life of men. They have been social teachers rather than social workers, in all our great centers. vVe cannot expect to have a society based on Christian principles, so long as our social philosophy is made by anti-Christian philosophers,and materialistic socialists. The times are appealing to the Church to capture the thought of the social movement, to proclaim that there is not a thonght in philosophy, an ideal in ethics, a principle in sociology, or a program in practical reform, worth considering, that is not found in Christianity. The most urgent appeal of the times to the Church is to "bring every thought" social, political, ethical and religions, "into captivity to Christ Jesus." The industrial organization of society has attained, in the thought or our times, an importance which has never before been attached to it.. The urgent secular questions of the day are the questions of wealth and poverty, of luxury and want, of capital and labor, of peace and war. These all combine to create a strong demand for a social expression of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, and this demand creates an obligation from which no church bearing the name of Jesus Christ can consistently escape.

In the intellectual and social ferment over these issnes there often appears an open opposition to Ohristianity, involved in a materialistic philosophy which limits the scope of belief and action to the life which now is. A program of exclusively external betterment is often declared to be synonymous with, or a sufficient substitute for, essential Ohristianity. Such a claim is in contradiction to the truth that "man shall not live by bread alone." If the Ohurch is to bring every thought into captivity to Ohrist, it must know the mind of Ohrist regarding the social problems of our day, such as the problem of wealth, the problem of poverty, the problem of industry, the problem of child·labor, the problem of the protection of women, the problem of the Sunday rest day, the problem of democracy. This the Ohurch is earnestly seeking to do. As an evidence of it, we cite the "Social Oreed" of the Federation of the Ohurches of Ohrist in America; also similar statements made hy many of the denominations. To be snre, the Ohurch cannot lay down rules for specific social problems, but it can, and it ought, yes, it mnst, teach regulative principles for all modern problems, if it is to give leadership to t.he thought of the social movement. The hope of the world now, as in the preceding nineteen centuries, is that, under the guidance of the Holy Spirit, the Ohurch may discern the truth, and the truth may have free course.

2, TO GIVE LEADERSHIP TO THE CONSCIENCE OF THE SOCIAL MOVEMENT The most imperative need in social awakening is to Ohristianize its conscience. It is evident that the development and application of the moral and religions ideas of our time have not kept pace with industrial and commercial progress. Oonscience is aroused; but perplexed, and the need exists for emphasizing in a more definite way the obligations of the different elements of society each to the other, and the interdependence of the parts of society ea~h upon the other. The Church needs to teach with stronger convictions that men cannot live to themselves alone, and that they must not pursue their own gain in disregard of the rights and the welfare of others. With clearness and without hesitation the Ohurch must affirm as the pIinciple of social practice the fundamental teaching of Jesus, "Whatsoeverye would that men should do unto you, even so do ye also unto them." The social awakening is asking for guidance on the ever enlarging questions of corporate and social duties. If the conscience of this movement can be made and kept Christian, the social movement will be kept Christian. The times are looking to the Ohurch to provide standards that will make the conscience of the social movement Ohristian. The Ohristian standards for conscience are found, of course, in the New Testament. They must be interpreted and applied, and the Ohurch is the appointed agent for this work. New moral questions are up today. Men are asking: "Has Ohristianity moral standards for the corporate, as well as for the personal life of men?" The standards of personal morality

are fairly well fixed and accepted. But not so with public and social morality. President Hadley of Yale has said: "The present evil from which society is suffering is not so much one of character, as one of misunderstanding. We are suffering not so much from bad morals· as from defective ethics."

If this is a true statement of the present condition of modern life, it is a criticism and a challenge to the Church. The Church, more than any other organization of society, is charged with the responsibility of teaching sound and effective ethics. In the Gospel of Christ, we have a system of ethics which is both sound and effective. Why then the condition described by President Hadley? The answer is clear. The ellurch has not been teaching ethics; or if she has, she has not been teaching the ethics of Christ. A truly Ohristianized conscience will not permit men to gain positions of power and to amass wealth without questioning the means by which both are obtained, and the use made of them.. A public conscience which tolerates men who buy and bribe their way into high positions, and men who grow rich by making other people poor; men who rob, not only the. present, but a future generation -is not a Ohristian conscience. Has not the time come when we must affirm with all our hearts that God has not given any man license to sin, either in his individual life or his corporate life; that God has given no man exemption from the trouble and suffering involved in doing right. In an age like ours, so fertile in excuses for every kind of wrong-when men are not asking, "Is it wrong?" but "Is it sterilized ?"-when a college professor tells his class that profanity is no longer a sin, but merely a symptom of "a diseased vocabulary"-we need the stern and outward and unmistakable announcement of God's will to assure us that evil does not change with our whims and feelings, and that God cannot accommodate Himself to onr so-called moral necessities. In other words, if the Ohurch is to give leadership to the conscience of the Social :Movement, it must enthrone Ohrist in the conscience as the sovereign power.

3. TO GIVE LEADERSHIP TO THE ACTIVITIES OF THE SOCIAL MOVEMENT Never before were so many people concerned with the amelioration of social conditions, and social ideas; never before were there so many movements for human welfare. If these people and these movements are to be kept Christian, the Church must be ready and willing to lead them. The Ohurch must not only teach and inspire; it must actually lead every movement which aims to make men like Christ, earth like Heaven, and the kingdoms of this world the Kingdom of Christ. 'fhere is a grave danger just now that the Church may lose her place of leadership in social activities. Already we are hearing about "scientific charity," "practical education," "moral reform," an "ethical revival." These phrases in themselves are not necessarily antagonistic to the Church, but as used by many today they are. :Many social

THE CHURCH AND THE SOCIAL QUESTION

workers discount the Church as an agency in social service, notwithstanding the fact that most of them belong to the Church. Because the Church is in danger of losing her hold on these great human activities which legitimately come under her sphere of work, the Church should lead them. The primary function of the Church is to bring every individual and every department of human life into comformity with the law of love, the law of God. Exactly what the Church must do at any particular time or any particular place may, of course, vary. It must depend upon what is most needed at the particular time and in the particular place, in order soonest to establish the Kingdom of God; There is no hope for society apart from the Kingdom of God, and no hope for the Kingdom of God apart from the Church which is the divine instrument for realizing it here and now.

No movement for the betterment of man and the purifying of society should ever knock at the door of. the Church in vain. The Church in the person of her leaders should direct every movement which aims at human well·being. The ancient motto which reads, "Nothing human is foreign to me," might well be taken as the motto of the Church today. This would mean that the Church would give leadership to education, to recreation, tt) legislation which affects human welfare, and to all the movements which affect the vital interests of the individual, the home, the school, the Church and the State. "The Church," said Josiah Strong, "is fast learning in these last days that the call of Jesus is not merely unto the temple, but also unto the state; not merely into the concealed life, but also into the open life; not merely into a part of life, but into the whole of life." To retain her leadership the Church must be responsive to this call, and in the name of. Christ, lead every social activity for human welfare.

4. TO GIVE LEADERSHIP TO THE SPIRIT OF THE SOCIAL MOVEMENT Noone will qnestion that the nature and influence of this movement will be made by the spirit that dominates it. Society has a right to look to the Church for leadership of the spirit which animates the social awakening. The Church, more than any other organization has been charged with the responsibility. 'fhe real iSsue of the day is one of spirit, rather than one of system. Shall the Social Movement be Christianized or commercialized? Shall Christ lead it or shaH anti- Christ? These are the most important questions confronting the modern world. The future character of civilization, as well as the future influence of the Church, are involved in these questions. If the Social Movement is to be Christiani:r.ed, if it is to be led by Christ, the Ohurch must give leadership to the spirit of it. Christ's expectation for society can be realized only through the proclamation by the Church of that Gospel which tells of His sacrifice for mankind, combined with the manifestation of the spirit of that sacrifice in the life of His dis-

ciples. The Social Movement can be made Christian only as it is filled with the spirit of the Cross. The Law of Social Service, "Each for all, and all for each," will be a dead letter unless reinforced by the love which the Oross expresses. To fill the Social Movement with the Cross, in the New Testament meaning of it, is to set in operation the mightiest force in the universe for the regeneration of sinful human nature, and the redemption of sinful human society.

"It is my unqualified conviction," says Professor Sunday, "that the Kingdom of God is to be realized on earth. All the references to it are human references, peace, joy, justice, love-all bear a human face, and must be established all1J)ng men; and the great agent called of God to do this work is Christ's Ohurch."

'Vhat the Social Movement needs more than anything else, is a Cross-begotten enthusiasm for humanity. This will direct the Movement into right motives and right methods. Only as the Ohurch fills the Social Movement with the spirit of Ohrist which is always and everywhere the spirit of love, service, sacrifice, can it give the leadership which makes and keeps the spirit of the mighty movement Ohristian.

A War Task for Industrial Workers UNHERALDED, almost unobserved, one of the greatest migra- tions in history is taking place within the borders of the United States. Now the stream of immigration is not from across the seas, coming in at American ports of entry, but is in the reverse order from American ports of embarkation across the seas, never to return in full numbers. No less significant, up from the farms and the little hamlets, from one place to another, in peaceful array, responding to war needs, thousands of industrial workers are gathering in war production communities for the manufacture of acids, explosives, munitions, and the equipment needed by army and navy. These men and women are enlisting at home by the thousand and by the million as truly for the service of their country as do the boys who wear the khaki and the blue_ The overalls, the blollse, the work apron and the bloomers deserve some of the attention and some of the honor accorded to the uniform.

Two c1assesof communities present acute home mission problems. Ono is the community, altogether I).ew, created as if by magic on the shores of some bay or stream for the manufacture of ships; or on some inland plain, perhaps formerly desert and waste, for the making of acids and explosives, communities which are to all intents and purposes civilian camps, industrial cantonments, owned and regulated by the Government as Government reservations. The Ordnance Department of the Department of War has reported twenty-four of these places in

A WAR TASK FOR INPUSTRIAL WORKERS

various states from the Atlantic to the Pacific seaboard, ranging in size from one thousand industrial workers up to thirty thousand, men and women, in some instances almost exclusively of men, in other cases with women predominating, in some instances families also included. These communities require the ministries of the Christian church.

The other group of communities, presenting problems no less crit- ical, are the old settlements of the country, which have been almost, if not quite, overwhelmed by the sudden inrush of new residents. These have been listed to almost four hundred in number. Some, like Newport News, Va., have increased from a normal population of thirty thousand to a present war-time population of over ninety thousand. This great increase of population, in practically every instance, presents from the point of view of the church, an opportunity and an obligation larger than the local church agencies can meet.

As the American Government is solicitous for the moral and relig- ious welfare of soldiers and sailors, in a manner unparalleled in the history of the world, so it is also concerned for the moral and religious welfare of these civilian armies enlisted in the essential industries of the nation; it seeks to protect and preserve the morale of the homeworkers by zones of safety, and by the agencies of wholesome recreational, educational, moral and religious uplift. The Government is inviting the co·operation of the churches in this task, which is fundamentally a home mission task.

But the Government is not turning to a single church, or to one denomination, or to a peculiar and sectarian group. It is turning to all with an invitation for co-operation in some united form. That united form is available in what is called the Joint Committee on War Production. Communities.

The Joint Committee on War Production Communities consists at present of sixteen persons. After certain conferences in preparation, the committee held its first meeting for organization on July 15, 1918. Into its membership are blended practically all of the evangelical Protestant denominations of the country, through three channels of approach:- (1) The General War-Time Commission of the Churches, which was created in the fall of 1917, by the initiation of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, and is therefore representative of all of the denominations represented in the Federal Council, and has added to itself members of some denominations which are not in the I,'ederal Oouncil, has appointed five members of the Joint Committee, reserving two places, now vacant, later to be filled.

(2) The Home Missions Council, which is composed of thirty-five organizations working in the home mission field, representing twentythree denominations, has appointed seven members of the Joint Com- mittee. (3) The Council of Women for Home Missions, itself a united

organization of women, representing seventeen women's boards engaged in home mission work, has appointed two members of the Joint Committee.

This Joint Committee is, therefore, in its composition a broadly . comprehensive and representative body, probably as inclusive of Protestant Christianity in America as any body 'which up to the present time has ever existed; and behind it are the money-spending departments of the great denominations of the country, which in their normal home mission activities have been annually disbursing budgets of from twelve to fifteen millions of dollars.

11'01' its organization this Joint Committee appointed as Chairman Mr. John M. Glenn, an Episcopalian, and the Executive Head of the Russell Sage Foundation; Secretary, Rev. Alfred Wms. Anthorry, a Baptist, Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council; Treasurer, Mr. William T. Demarest, of the Reformed Church of Christ in America, Treasurer of the Home Missions Council; Executive Secretary, Rev. 'Worth M. Tippy, a Methodist, Executive Secretary of the Commission on the Church and Social Service of the Federal Council; and Associate Secretary, Rev. Howard R. Gold, a Lutheran, formerly associated with the Commission on Church and Social Service.

The administrative staff, headed by Dr. Tippy, was taken over from the Federal Council with its willing concurrence, and also contributed in effect by the General War-Time Commission, since it has been serving that Commission as its agents for survey; and is the Oommission on Church and Social Service of the Federal Council.

This Joint Committee recognizes three functions which it must perform in behalf of the united Christian Church of the United States:- (1) It must make investigations of these war production communities, both the n~wly created ones and those overwhelmed with sudden increase of population.

(2) It must furnish immediately some form of religious service, though perhaps temporary in character, which in the name of the church shall bring the ministries of the church to the men, women and children of these communities.

(3) It must perform that delicate and difficult service, when the time is suited therefor, of assigning responsibility to the single church or denomination, or to the several churches and denominations, which may properly assume the care and the continuing nurture of the churches which may have been formed.

The churches created in these new settlements, during the time of temporary occupancy, are to be known .as Liberty Churches. I The Government proposes to give them housing accommodations within· the community houses or the school houses, which are erected with the purpose of serving the whole population in a broad, and somewhat unusual, manner. The scarcity of labor, and of building materials,

A WAR TASK FOR INDUSTRIAL WORKERS

prevents the erection of church edifices as was at first proposed. The churches through this Joint Oommittee are asked to provide the com- petent pastors, directors of religious education, visitors and welfare workers, who may serve as living representatives of Ohrist and His Gospel.

The invitation of the Government for the co-operation of the church in these iinportant industrial centers is in harmony with the very genius of our democracy, and of our national history. Here is a testi- mony from our highest national authorities that the religion of Jesus Ohrist, and the morale which can rest on no other foundation, are needful for the national welfare and security. This implication lies in three directions;- (1) For efficiency, judged from the point of view of military and naval needs, religion, strengthening and confirming the moral fibre, is as needful as sanitation, education and the co-ordination of any of either the coarser or the finer elements which constitute a sound and perfect man.

(2) There is involved the recognition that that high idealism embodied in the Gospel of Jesus Ohrist, an idealism which differentiates the American people from those who rely upon the gospel of brute force as -widely as the East is from the -West, must be preserved in order to make us fit to win the war, and worthy thereafter to enjoy and regulate the results of peace, when victory has been achieved.

(3) There is involved also a recognition that, when the church unitedly is invited into the fellowship and co-operation of the Govern- ment, the relation of church and state is adjusted in harmony with the Oonstitution and with the genius of our people, without entanglements, without prejudices on either side, for to no one denomination is prefer- ence given, or special privilege accorded, but to all, to the Ohristian religion the doors of opportunity are thrown wide, for ministry and service. In matters of conscience, in the free exercise of polity, of policy, and of custom, there are no restrictions.

In this great migration of the American people, here within the limits of the homeland, arises a new and great opportunity for the church, adapting her old agencies somewhat to new exigencies, to render a great service of far-reaching importance to the nation, and through the nation, to the other nations of the world, and through man- kind, to the Kingdom of our Lord Ohrist. A. W. A.

This is my Father's world. This is my Father's world. The battle is not done. o let me ne'er forget Jesus Who died shall be satisfied, That tho' the wrong seems oft so strong, And earth and heaven be one. God is the Ruler yet.

This is my Father's world.

Should my heart be ever sad? The Lord is King !-Iet the heavens ring God reigns !-Iet the earth be glad.

-MALTBIE D. BABCOCK.

Red Cross Unit in South

BY CAPT. B. CARTER MILLIKIN With the American Red Cross Unit in Palestine A FTER having studied and taught about Africa, it has been a rare privilege to see it and to gain, through personal contact with those who are in the midst of them, some insight into the great problems whose right solution is so important to the development of the country and its peoples.

Our journey has been of great interest, particularly the stop at the beautiful island of St. Lucia and the glimpse we had there of life in the tropics. Ve did not stop at St. Helena, but we saw t.he island on the horizon, and the sight brought a flood of historical memories. Greater punishment could hardly be devised than the soul of the rest.: less Napoleon must have suffered. 'We are tasting newsless life–for the wireless is not reported to us, and the papers of South Africa contain all too meager accounts of what is doing in the great world, and practically no American news,-and so we can begin to imagine what the silence must have been.

Cape Town attracted us strangely. It lies jnst at the base of a bold, square-topped bluff, known as Table Mountain; it commands a superb view of the ocean and, to the northward, of the great mountains behind which lies Africa. One finds much to suggest the cities of our own Southland, and little to make him realize that he is in the Africa of which he has read.

As we were the first Americans in khaki to pass this way, we were the observed of all observers, and the recipients of much attention and of beautiful hospitality. This was true not only of Cape Town, but of all South Africa. 'Wherever we went people vied with one another to show us kindnesses. "We were proud and happy to have the opportunity to make clearer to our allies in South Africa what the United States is doing in the war, her motives in entering it, and the purpose with which she is doing her bit. When three of us who remained behind at Oape Town were introduced as "representatives of our brave ally, the United States" to a great audience at a reception given in the Town Hall to several hundred "Springboks," returned wounded and invalided from the front in France and in German East Africa, we were received with tremendous enthusiasm. It was a thrilling sensation to represent one's country, and to feel proud of her and sure that she is in the right and is doing her part right nobly.

We were greatly interesad to see Groote Schuur, the fine home of the late Cecil Rhodes, and tq stand in his bedroom and look forth as he must often have done at the stretch of coast and at the mountain~ shutting off the view of the great Dark Continent. What dreams he SOME "RAW" NATIVES PASSING THE MISSION CHAPEL AT AMANZIMTOTI. SOUV'.'DliH AFRICA must have dreamed, and what plans he must have made for theilr' realization! And now they are coming truuee, as the threads of the gleaming rails are lengthening northward from the Cape, and southward from Cairo, to meet ere long and connect the extremes of the continent.

Desiring to see all we might of native life, of the problems of the impact of civilization upon the natives, and of the constructive work for their development, three of us left the ship at Cape Town and journeyed overland, while tbhe rest of the party continued by ship to Durban.

We had just a week-and we fondly thought in that time to see something of Johannesburg, and then to visit Lovedale Mission. But Lovedale had to wait for our next visit to South Africa, as we had not counted on the distances nor on the difference between the speed of

our great transcontinental trains, which go from New York to Chicago in less than twenty-fo~r hours, and the trains here, which take more than twice the time to go less than that distance_ The railroads here are narrow gage, which lessens both speed and carrying power_ Our train was delayed by a wreck ahead, so we had a glimpse of Ladysmith, famous for the siege during the Boer War, and of Bloemfontaine. The way lies over the Karroo, a vast stretch of veldt barren save for a scrub brush very much like our sage, too dry for agricultural development without irrigation, but affording grazing land for great flocks and herds. We had some glimpses of native kraals-little clearings each with its cluster of low round huts built of lUud and sticks and thatched with grass, and its company of tiny naked l~iddies. Just as the sun was setting in a blaze of glory behind the dry brown hills we saw a picturesque black shepherd, with blanket a,lld stick, driving his flock back to the fold in the kraal, at whose gate stood his wife and little brown babies. How Millet would have delighted to picture it!

At Johannesburg, besides enjoying much hospitality during our two days' stay, and addressing a recruiting meeting from the steps of the Town Hall, we had rare opportunities to see something of the life in the compounds and locations in which the natives are segregated, and to confer with those interested in and working for their welfare.

An afternoon was devoted to one of the larger mine compounds where 4,000 men are housed. The natives come from East Coast and West Coast-from a radius of a thousand miles. They represent many tribes and peoples, and we found it most interesting to note the differ- ences between them. A single great mine employs 13,000 of them, all men between the ages of 18 and 45 and very carefully chosen with a view to their health and their ability to render good service. Their wages average a little less than two shillings a day-about 45 cents-besides which their food and sleeping accommodations are furnished. While the compounds are not closed, the workers are in a measure protected from the sellers of illicit liquor-the great enemies of the native laborers all through South Africa. The houses in which the men sleep interested us. ·While the older models are far from what they should be, being poorly ventilated and having only rough shelves on which the men sleep as they may, the newer models have ample ventilation near the roof as well ~s from windows. Along two sides of each house are two rows of bunks, each .man having his own place about three feet wide by six feet six inches long and separated from his neighbors by a partition two feet high: All are of cement, and thus can be cleaned easily and frequently. The men provide their own bedding and clothing-the latter only a blanket for many of them when off duty.

We saw the great kitchen where the food is prepared, and the shower bath, which about a hundred were hugely enjoying when we looked in, and the fine hospital where those who are sick or injured have the best of care. We were told that the death rate has been low-

THE RED CROSS UNIT IN SOUTH AFRICA

ered from 28 per thousand in 1910 to 8.02 per thousand this year. Of the 13,000 employees the average is about 200 in the hospital at a time, which is the more impressive when one learns that a man is obliged to be either actually on his job or in the hospital, and that they compel the men to have treatment even for the slightest wounds, thus avoiding serious trouble in a very large percentage of cases. Capable white SONn: NA't'IVES AND '£HEIRll HOUSES IN THE OROWN lMIIIINES COMPOUND, JOHANNESBURG doctors are in charge of the hospital, and the head nurses are white. But they are training a corps of native nurses, and see large possibilities in them.

On the whole, in view of all I had read and heard on the subject, I was agreeably surprised to find what good care is being given the natives and the extent to which they are being taught cleaner and better ways of living than those to which they are used. Granted that the main motive for this is the greater economic value of the natives under proper conditions, and also that all this care is of comparatively recent date, it is none the less encouraging to find, as we did find, the government and mine officials who are charged with native affairs so deeply interested in native welfare and progress.

'Living conditions for the natives outside the mine compounds are by no means so ,good. It is obviously harder to control conditions in the slums and the districts where the blacks congregate, and we found ourselves heartily in sympathy with the efforts of the few individuals who are agitating the cleaning up of municipal compounds and the abolishment of the sale of liquor, which is such a curse to the natives.

Very little is being done for the education of the native laborers, arid much of what is being done is under missionary control.

It is In the moral realm that one sees the greatest danger of injury to the multitudes of men away from their accustomed tribal restraints.

In view of some of the native customs, the herding together of so many men creates very serious moral problems, both in the compounds them- selves and in the community. Here commercialism is inadequate to meet the situation, and the fact that a large proportion of the white popu- lation is interested only in the profit to be made from the labor of the native, makes hard sledding for those who seek some way to lift rather than to degrade those for whom their employers surely have heavy respon- sibility. Missionaries are making lttempts to reach the natives in the mine compounds and elsewhere, but their efforts are limited by the in- terest of mine owners or lack thereof, and by the antagonism of white labor, which does not desire that the native be rraaiise~d,, for fear off his competing successfully in the skilled trades. At (e present he is only permitted to en· gage in the various forms of unskilled WHERE THE WORKERS SLEEP IN labor, which the whites are only too THE CROWN MINES COMPOUND. glad to have him do for them. Thus JOHANNESBURG the jealousy of the white labor party keeps the native from the skilled labor which he is quite able to learn to perform.

As members of the Red Cross Commission, we were able to get some points of view which it would, I think, have been hard to get in one's missionary capacity. A few quotations from conversations with officials engaged in native affairs may be illuminating: "Unquestionably the native does deteriorate, especially in the towns where there is no adequate provision for housing him. In the mine compounds of the modern sort, conditions are much better for him."

"In the 'black and tan' sections of the cities he mixes with the worst sort of whites, and his respect for all whites is thereby lowered."

"The native is quite capable of rising, but we do our best to keep him down. This attitude is all too general among the whites, but if!

clearly wrong."

Nothing saddened us more than the missionary situation as we

THE RED CROSS UNIT IN SOUTH AFRICA

found it. In Johannesburg alone there are, we understand, about twenty varieties of Christian missionaries, preaching as many different interpretations of Christianity, quite unwilling to co-operate for united work on a large scale to meet the crying need for Christian social service, and, many of them, making a sad impression upon the white COInmunity by reason of their vagaries and their personal limitations.

S'l'UDEENNll' S AND FF'RIENDS AT '1111HK AMERICAN", MISSION CHAPEL, AMANZIM'Tl'OTJ,. SOUTH APRICA Among the deepest impressions made upon me so far is the need for closer co-operation on the part of missionary societies, both in their work on the fields and in the selection of those to be sent out to represent them. Only those who are big and broad and sane and trained, as well as consecrated enough to present to those to whom they go and to those with whom they travel and associate, a wholesome, virile type of Christianity should be allowed to enter foreign missionary service. Better far to rule out some consecrated young people on the ground of limited qualifications and preparation than to run the risk of the harm that may be done to the cause of Christ by the type of missionary who cannot command the respect of the European community with which he must come into contact, and whose support he ought to gain. I long to return and tell young Christians how urgent and how extremely attractive I have found missionary work to be, a'nndd'to emphasize the point that we have no right to give it other than our best young life, life thoroughly trained for its task.

At Durban, the beautiful city of Natal by the sea, I had an opportunity to visit the splendid piece of work which the American Board

is doing at Adams Mission Station, Amanzimtoti. Its location is rarely beautiful. Out in the hills, high enough to be thoroughly healthy, commanding an extended view of the country and of the sea, the mission has land enough to admit of extended agricultural work, from which a large measure of support should ultimately come_ Going from class to class, we were interested to note the breadth and the practical nature of the education being afforded the native. He is being fitted to assume a place of leadership among his own people, and, if he can be guided into that place there is a large future for the educated Zulu. He must, of course, live down the fear of the white community that he desires to compete with the white man on his level; for so long as this fear is uppermost, strong opposition may be expected to any progress for the native peoples. One hears many whites complain that the natives are spoiled by education. Usually, however, a little probing brings the admission that it is the natives who have had only a superficial contact with "civilization," not those who are the products of mission schools, who have created the impression.

In the chapel service the dominant impression was of the wonderful singing. No instrument was used, but the richness of the voices gave the effect of a great organ, The students sang for us in English and then in Zulu, and we had opportunity to hear and to admire their musical language.

'Ve were interested in the fine workmanship on the beautiful home of the principal, built by student labor. It would do credit to any group of workmen. We were also interested to see the stretch of sugar cane under native cultivation-an important asset for the school.

It was my great privilege on Sunday morning to. go out with Mr. LeRoy, the principal of the school, and two members of the faculty, and with an interpreter who is a student in the theological department, to an outstation where services are held under a great Mtombe tree.

The parent tree with the younger trunks sprung from it covered a space about sixty feet in diameter. Near the center was a rude pulpit, and there were logs for those to sit upon who might not prefer the ground. 'Ve found there one of the missionaries and with him ten of the older students-second generation Christians, who had come to form our choir. Word of our coming had not been widely circulated, so the attendance was not far above normal, but there were about sixtyfive there,-several members of the church, a considerable group of men and women who, while not yet confessors, are indicating real interest, and a number of pretty raw heathen. Three of the women were nearly naked, very much decorated with red clay and bright beads, and each bearing her little offshoot sitting astride her back and held in place by a strip of cloth. It was most interesting to see the people quietly approaching from all directions, and padding in on their bare feet. Some carried dishes of food on their heads, as it is their hospitable

THE RED CROSS UNIT IN SOUTH AFRICA

custom to bring food for the preacher and the boys who come to help with the singing.

The service was in Zulu-musical and sweet save for the occa- sional clicks which we Europeans find so hard for our stiff tongues.

I found it thrilling to stand with these simple people and sing with them the hymns we love, whose tunes were familiar to me, but whose words in Zulu were strange. The reading of the ~ible and the prayers· were most solemn and impressive, despite the fact that the only words I could understand were "Baba" and "Jesu."

They were .followed with close at- tention. Then I was introduced to the people-and to my first ex- perience of talking through an in- terpreter. It was hard work-in spite of the fact that he was skilful and really made a most flowing speech out of my feeble effort. M.y heart at least was warmed as I spoke from our beloved John 3 :16. 'l Two native men and one woman" r prayed-most fervently-and again! lU"==:~~~~.~.".==:'.:.;=;'_ '–_ ——'"''''-'-'_ =-_ -~-=-''=''''=''''~'''

I was thrilled to hear them pour AN AFRICAN FLOWER OF TIilE SLUMS '

out their hearts to God, whom they have come to know and love, and to realize the practical value of missions to save and add value to life.

After the service we all sat down on the ground and enjoyed a native meal"-mealies, or corn boiled in the husk and allowed to cool (most delicious,-we make a great mistake to dress it up as we usually do); amadumbi, the root of the elephant ear, young and tender and sweet; amadumbi·dumbi, the same root grown larger, and not so tasty; izindhlubu, a nut not unlike our peanut, and possessed of the same "moreish" quality; and a sort of muskmelon. We made a hearty meal, to the great delight of the simple folk whose gracious hospitality had provided it. Then we washed our hands in the cleanly and economical manner of the Zulus by pouring a littIl{e' water over them, and were ready for the long walk home.

On our way we called at. the kraal of Mr. Mkani Mpumulo-a very old man whose five wives and more than twenty sons (he does not know how many daughters he has had, having never taken the trouble to count!) give evidence of his heathen estate. Two of his sons, how- ever, are interested in the church and have refused to take more than one wife. The kraal is a fine large one, with a big hut–its walls of mud and sticks and its roof of a grass thatch-for the old man and

another for his sons, a hut each for his wives and for his sons' wives, and the usual cattle enclosure. A truly patriarchal life, you see!

We entered the largest hut, and found its floor smooth and polished with its covering of fresh cow dung-"native cement," the missionaries call it. In one corner were three goats-very much part of the family. In another corner-if a round hut can have corners-were the cooking utensils and the gourds full of maasi, the fermented milk of which they are so fond-and of which we later had to partake, to the great distress of at least one of the visitors.

The mother of the family, in characteristic native undress, and with hair stiffiy dressed with red clay to show her wife's estate, occupied a place on the floor not far from the goats, and three or four naked little children were playing about. Around the walls hung the gala dresses of the family-roughly dressed skins and strings of beads and bits of bright-colored cloth-while the family's beds, made of woven grasses, were neatly rolled and laid aside for the daytime. By comparison with other huts which we saw, this one showed the dawning of higher standards of living, being clean and orderly, and constructed with greater care.

I confess to a feeling of surprise that the native life which I have seen was not more repulsive. The people are very human and attractive. They have, many of them, beautiful bodies. It is a pleasure to watch the play of the muscles under the chocolate-colored surface of the shoulders of the carriers and stevedores who work about the vessel. '1'he simplicity and the genuine courtesy of the people must make their appeal-but the strongest attraction is the greatness of the need which the lives and the faces show, and the challenge to see what may be made of them through sane sympathy and practical education, by the power of God. Such a mission field as Amanzimtoti would be a wonderful place in which to live one's life.

On Sunday evening I had the great privilege of preaching in English to all the students in the fine chapel at Adams. It was inspiring to speak to those young African lllen and women, and to sound the same note of service-the call thereto and the privilege thereof.–as I would have sounded had they been a group of American students in the dear homeland. These black boys and girls have tremendous opportunities before them if they will but go back to their kraals and villages and live and teach there the new life into which they themselves have entered. Some are seeing the vision, and are giving up what to them are large financial opportunities for the greater privilege of preaching the Gospel and teaching their own people.

Both Arnanzimtoti and Durban, however, call for genuine sacrifice on the part of the mi&<lionaries. 'rhe life of the missionary is by no means one of softness and ease. The work is hard, monotonous and exacting; the large part of the community is out of sympathy with itand it is not easy to be continuously misunderstood.

® @ ~".-,,,,B..dEti6.S…-TUM~EJitT-wuH"''O''bDihIS.,:._.",~n

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA Chairman of the Committee on Methods of Work of the Federation of Woman's Foreign Mission Boards The Christmas Missionary Opportunity A GAIN the Christmas time draws near. Dost thou sigh for Bethlehem? Would'st thou that thine eyes might behold the glory of the star over Judea's plains? That thine ears might hear the music of the angel's song? Condemnest thou the keeper of yon inn so overcrowded with meaner guests that no room was there for the Christ? Enviest thou the shepherds privileged to pay first tribute to the new-born King? Thinkest thou thy gifts would have shamed the rich treasure of the wise men could'st thou have hastened to Bethlehem to open thy treasures and lay them at His feet?

*** Know then that the Christmas message brought with it also a Christmas commission: that the angel who said . "Behold I bring you good tidings of great joy" said also "Which shall be to all the people."

Watch thou lest because of thy lack of zeal the light of the Bethlehem star fall short of "all the people" ; lest thy voice fail to re-echo the angel's song for those who have never heard.

Search thine own heart lest in these days of overcrowding it denies place to the Christ and in its empty fullness of things it finds no room for His great Commission.

Know thou that thou may'st open at His feet today thy treasures and speed them on as messengers of His to bear the Christmas message to the millions for whom His Great Heart yearns who know not that the Lord has come.

Nineteen hundred years and more this Advent season, as our hearts make are gone since the Christmas message ready again for the coming of the first was given, yet there remain more King, let us prepare for the greatest than one thousand millions of "the missionary Christmas the world has people" to whom it has never yet been ever known. Never was there a world told. We speak of millions so lightly of so much suffering, never a world of in these days of big figures that scarce- so much need, never a world of so ly do we comprehend the immensity of many aching hearts and, because of that great throng who have never the suffering and the need and the heard of the only Savior of the world. aching hearts, never was there a world For every moment that has passed of such missionary opportunity. Besince He bade us go into all the world there is one somewhere who has never gin now to prepare the whitest of heard the Christmas message. During white gifts for the King.

Lov~ That Gives other lands, we catch some idea of the possibility of· Christmas hospitality. The. beginning of all Christmases was recorded when it was written A great missionary leader of China "For God so loved the world that he said: "One student who returns to gave his only begotten son." Here China thoroughly converted is worth also the boundaries to be touched by a whole mission." From the secretary Christmas love were defined with a for China of the Continuation Comworld-wide circle. No Christmas can mittee of the Edinburgh Conference there be without giving-and short of came this message when he found that full measure falls every Christmas cele- the man who worked hardest, after bration that does not embrace a world the Chinese Revolution, to make Conin its reach. fucianism the state religion of China was a Ph.D. of Columbia University: Christmas, 1918, should be the "What were the Christians in America world's greatest giving Christmas. The doing during the years he was in colslogan "No Christmas presents this lege ?" year," should mean the release of funds for real giving to Him whose Miss Siok Au Chiu, a Radcliffe stubirth we celebrate. The long list of dent, furnishes us this delightful de- "Useful Gifts" which we were wont scription of her first Christmas in one to grab at frantically just before of the choicest Christian homes in Christmas to pay back the people we America: knew were grabbing similar lists to pay us back with dust catchers for the American Home Life rest of the year, are not going to be used this year. "The first American home, where r People everywhere are planning to had the fortune to be welcomed the open up their treasures and pour them first Christmas I was in America, was out for a great needy world. Shall a cosy little one of three-mother, our churches and our missionary soci- daughter and uncle. It was in the eties stand back and miss this great town of Beverly, Mass. I was not the opportunity, or shall we plan in all our only lucky one, for five other Chinese churches this year such Christmas giv- girls were also invited. It was late ing as we have never dreamed of pro- that Christmas eve when we arrived at posing before? the house. Except for the light· in front of the door, the house was dark. Christmas Guests As the mother and daughter of the house ushered us into the hall, and as The home base is a good starting we turned our heads toward the dimlypoint for all enterprises. One of the lit parlor, something gleaming and great lessons the war has taught us is sparkling struck our eyes. 'It's a more unselfish sharing of our homes. Christmas tree purposely put up for We have swung wide the doors to our you children,' said the kind mother, men in khaki. In such a time as this beaming with smiles. 'Now you must no one wants to be numbered with the go to bed at once and rest yourselves. man who eats his morsel alone. Even Norma will take you upstairs and put before the lessons of war-time hospi- you to bed.' No matter how curious tality, some of our missionary leaders we were, we were guests there for the had thought' of the loneliness the first time and could not very well in- Christmas holidays brought to foreign trude into the parlor to have a peep at students in our American schools, and the tree, much as we wished to do so, had included them among their Christ- before going upstairs. The charming mas guests. When we remember that daughter, Norma, took us upstairs and there are in our United States 1,500 showed us the bedrooms. There were students from China, 1,000 from Japan a single room, a double room, and a and more than 2,000 from South large room with two double beds and a America, with smaller numbers from couch. 'You may choose your room-

1918J BEST METHODS

mates. Two of you can go into the to bed. At about half past four we double room. Perhaps you two had got up, walked on tiptoe to sit on the better take the double room,' she said staircase by a candle-light, and began in a very pleasing voice, looking at to sing our Chinese hymn with the Lucy and Grace who were sisters. one verse repeated several times; then 'Mother says that we'd better put the it was followed by 'Silent Night' in weak one in the single room so that she English. As soon as we had finished can have as much rest as she wants.' singing we ran to bed again and rested Having said so she looked at me. I until it was time to get up for break- was not really weak, but I had not been fast.

feeling well at all during my last few "At breakfast table, Mother P – – months in America, owing to the asked Uncle McGill if he had heard change of climate, I suppose. My kind any angels singing early this morn- Bradford teacher had been so thought- ing.

ful that she wrote to the mother about "'Sure enough,' remarked Uncle my not being well, as soon as the invi- McGill, 'and they were not American tation came. So the single room was angels either, for they sang in a lan- assigned to me, and the rest of the guage I could not understand. They girls had to take the large room. Af- were sweet though.' Uncle McGill ter having shown the rooms, Norm'! was always in good humor.

bade us good-night and went down- "'It was really angelic,' repeated stairs. Knowing that there was no- Mother P–.

body else on the top floor we began to "'The lovely singing is still in my feel at home and inspect our rooms ears,' Norma joined in.

closely. "We talked a great deal at the " 'Aren't the beds soff and comfort- breakfast table, the hostess, the host, able? New blankets and comforters!' and the six Chinese guests all taking whispered one of the girls. part. When we were about to rise " 'Here! we have each a writing- from the table Mother P – – said: table and a chair-stationery and ink 'We must now go to see what Santa all provided!' cried another softly. Claus has to give us. I hung six " 'Come and see. the number of hand stockings for you six children with and bath towels all beautifully em- your name on each.'

,broidered with initial P-so nice and "We all left the dining room and clean!' exclaimed another giI1 coming went i,nto the parlor. As soon as we out of the bathroom. caught sight of the six red silk stock- " 'Silence,' said another. 'It would ings hanging on the fire-place loaded be a shame if we are overheard. with Christmas gifts, we forgot that Let's think of something to celebrate we were in a strange home and began Christmas. Why not sing a Christmas to shout with joy. Besides the gifts hymn in Chinese early in the morning in the stockings there were packages before they are up?' printed with our names. As we emp- "'That's a good idea, but I've for- tied our stockings and opened our gotten the words.' packages we found Christmas pres- " 'We can write out the words and ents from both known and unknown learn them by heart. Vye need only friends-candies, nuts, books, hand- one verse. They won't know it if we kerchiefs, sewing-boxes, pictures, pic- , repeat the same verse many times.' ture-frames, Christmas cards, home "One of the girls who was gifted letters, and what not. For the most with a better memory than any of the part of the morning we could do noth- rest, began to dictate the first verse of ing but sit before the fire-place reading the hymn, 'Joy to the world,' in and answering letters. We could not Shanghai, while another girl wrote it help telling our dear ones at home of down in Chinese. After some more how thoughtful and kind Mother whisperings and gigglings we all went P-'-, her family and her friends were

to have planned such a surprise party not to disappoint her, I made an· effort for us, whose memory of our 'Home at showing my little, frail, broken Sweet Home,' was still fresh in mind. voice. 'She has a sweet voice,' was the Had we been left in the boarding polite remark, given more for the sake school for the vacation with a few of encouraging me, I believe. My school teachers and servants, our first impression of an American Christmas singing was followed by piano solos vacation would have become a cold by some of the girls. The most enjoyand dismal one. Now our home let- able number on the musical program ters were filled with jolly, happy mes- of the afternoon was the song, 'It's a sages and beautiful descriptions of the Long Way to Tipperary' by a maid, home whose mother had been far- at the special request of Mother P-. sighted enough to have seized the first She stood at the door of the parlor in opportunity to impress on us a most a modest manner and started to sing beautiful pidure of American home right away without bothering about life. the right key or giving excuses. She did not have a trained voice, but she "Our first morning in a strange knew the song well, was steady, and home passed away more quickly th2.n completed her performance without a under ordinary circumstances. Soon break anywhere. If her singing was the Christmas dinner was ready. It not appealing, her courage and sweet would have been a grand occasion disposition were admirable. Person~ even for American children'. Besides ally, I marvelled 'at the simplicity an.d our family of nine, there were an old willingness on her part, because she lady and an old gentleman, who were was not a young girl. She was heart- 110ther P–'s good friends. Eleven of us made up quite a large family. ily applauded. The most wonderful sight at the din- "As the weather was not fine for the ner was the appearance of an enormous turkey. We had tasted Ameri- whole day, we stayed in the house the can turkey at the last Thanksgiving rest of the day. About half past six dinner in the school, but we had never a light supper was served. After supseen a whole turkey brought to the per, Mother P– read to us until table, In our little minds, we began to about half past nine when she contremble for Mother P–, as we were ducted prayers and sent us to bed with anxious to know how she would a motherly kiss, and so ended our first handle such a huge turkey. But the day in a good, orderly, pious, Amerisize of the bird did not trouble Mother can Christian home. The combination P – – at all. She kept on talking of motherly tenderness and fatherly now to her friends, now to us girls, solemnity in Mother P–, the charm and without showing any nervousness, and sweetness of sister Norma, and she finished serving eleven of us in a the boyish disposition and ever enterfew minutes. The charm of her con- taining humor of Uncle McGllI reversation dispelled our sympathetic vealed to us, as never before, the gennervousness for her. There were uine characteristics of true Americans more things on the table than I could in their home. readily count. In fact, all the good Christmas "eats" purchasable at mar- "Our program for the rest of our ket were represented. We left the holidays was far from monotonous. table stuffed up to the neck with deli- One day we were invited out to tea; cacies. another day we were el)tertained by the young people of a Congreg-ational "After dinner, we all sat around the Church in Beverly; again another day fire with our sewing to pass the time. Mother P – – took us to Boston and Mother P– suggested that I should Cambridge to see the famous buildsing something, as she knew that I ings and historical places. Now and, was taking vocal lessons. In order then, Mother P– would give tea parties and dinner parties in order to introduce American friends. And so

BEST METHODS

on we went through the week with no the map in a frame made for that purtwo days having similar activities and pose. amusement. *** "Our first Christmas vacation in America passed away like a dream, Cut large Christmas bells out of red and left in us the impression that we cardboard. On each one paste a mishad been in America for months, and sionary picture and one or more created in us the feeling of being at words of the verse: "Good tidings of home." great joy which shall be to all people." Suspend bells on a rope of greens.

A MISSIONARY NOTE IN THE EIGHT SUGGESTIONS TO GIVERS DECORATIONS INSTEAD OF POST CARDS mail at- Try Some of These Suggestions tractive missionary leaflets to bear your Christmas greetings to your A large outline map of the world friends this year. Some of the Boards wreathed in greens. Tiny star- have issued dainty folders wreathed in shaped apertures cut at every mission holly and decorated with Christmas station to which the congregation is bells. Hundreds of these leaflets were contributing. Behind each of these a sent out last year carrying a new missmall electric light. Above the map a sionary message of Christmas to many large star outlined with lights. As people. W rite to your Board for the Scripture story of the coming of sample. If you fail to find any, adthe Savior is told, turn on the lights dress an inquiry to the editor of this which outline the large star represent- department. ing the star of Bethlehem. As the story of how the light of the Christ- GIFTS FOR OUR OVERSEAS FORCES mas star has been carried to the dif- should be the first ones to go. Serial ferent mission stations is told, flash letters written by different friends, the light through the stars at these sent early with a "Do not open until points. Candles may be used where December 25" seal, may turn a day of electric lights are not available. loneliness and gloom into a day of gladness. Pathetically humorous is Two large ch*arts*or*banners framed the arrival of Christmas presents long after the New Year has been ushered in greens, one on either side; on one, in. Hasten your greetings if an ocean "The Christmas Message: Behold I voyage lies before them. Bring You Good Tidings of Great Joy." On the other, "The Christmas Since it is very difficult this year to Commission: Which Shall Be to All send parcel post packages, Christmas the People." purses are being made up for many missionaries, which will enable them *** to supply some needs long overlooked.' Cash gifts have, the additional ad- A large star made of pasteboard vantage of being free from duty. covered with red, green or gold paper. In the center a picture of the nativity; A GIFT THAT LASTS through the on the points of the star, pictures from year is the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF mission stations in different lands in THE WORLD sent to your pastor, or which the Gospel is being preached; some other friend, .to your home and underneath, the query : "How points foreign missionaries, or to the reading our Christmas star?" room of a college or library.

*** FOR THE Boys AND GIRLS a year's subscription to Everyland means A map of the country or countries twelve gifts instead of one and begins to which the Christmas offering is to a missionary influence which can not be given; some one in each class or circle appointed to collect the Christ- be estimated. mas offering and convert it into bills; ADD MISSIONARY BOOKS to your as these are brought forward by class representatives, festoon them around Christmas shopping list. More than

one great man has paid tribute to the had given a million dollars to evan- molding influence of the friend who gelize India and this wonderful wom- placed good books within his reach. an were the only convert he should Some of the splendid missionary feel that his money had been well ex- books, new and old, should have place pended. This man was greatly im- in your Christmas giving-to the girls pressed by hearing that Miss Singh and boys of your acquaintance, to had said that after reading Drum- your Sunday-school library and to in- mond's "Greatest Thing in the stitutions for children. Here waits Wo.rld" she went to her room and, opportunity. falhng on her knees, thanked God At one of the summer conferences a with tears of gratitude that Christian messenger boy in his Western Union people had made it possible for her to uniform rode along just as the dele- read a book like that. gates were gathered on the broad steps for story hour. The spell of "Make it possible for another "Once upon a time" bound him and he woman to read such a book," he said stopped to listen until the story was as he handed a dollar to the woman finished. who told him the story.

"Like that story?" asked some one. One of the recent committees of the "You bet," was the ready answer. Federation of Foreign Mission Boards With an eye quick to see oppor- of North America that is opening up tunity, the ,chairman of the conference and entering into a new field of marwho was standing by got a copy of velous opportunity is the committee "*Stories of Brotherhood," the book on Christian Literature for Women from which the story was taken, and and Children in Mission Fields. gave it to the boy, telling him that Think of the opportunity of placing in there were other stories as interesting the hands of a Japanese woman a copy as the one to which he had been listen- of "The Meaning of Prayer!" When mg-. we think of the unread treasures of Just a messenger boy who paused our own book shelves and then hear as he rode along-just another chance from the lips of our missionaries how to help make a boy's ideals. eagerly the Christian women and Just a girl who takes you up and children of Oriental lands are reaching down on the elevator every day-just out for the pitifully small number of the privileg-e of giving another life a Christian books translated into the world vision. languages of the mission fields, we welcome the dollar drive announced Just a delivery boy who comes to by this committee. A one dollar your door-just another missionary Christmas gift will place such a book opportunity that awaits you, cap in in the hands of some Oriental woman hand. or child. Contributions may be sent to Miss Alice M. Kyle, chairman for Just a thoughtless boy and a care- the committee, 503 Congregational less girl here and there, but among House, Boston, Mass. them are boys that will think and girls that will care if we place in their GrvING THAT COSTS. Only to those hands the stories of great deeds and who share in giving that is really sacheroic service. rificial does the true joy of Christmas come. Do not be afraid to propose to A NEW BOOK OPPORTUNITY your society gifts that call for genuine denial of self. A man heard the other day for the first time the story of Lilavati Singh, Several years ago three girls decidthat young woman of India of whom ed that by self-denial they could save ex-President Harrison said that if he enough to send a Japanese stt1dent to a theological seminary. This Christ- • Published by the Missionary Education mas they have the joy of knowing Movement, 160 Fifth avenue, New York; price 30 cents, paper; 50 cents, cloth. that their gift, which has been con-

BES,];: METHODS

tinued fot' several years, has made it CHRISTMAS STEREOPTICON possible for one more native pastor to POSSIBILITIES be added to that thin line of ordained A singularly impressive Christmas ministers who are doing such valiant program may be made up of stereoptiservice in leading Japan to Christ. con pictures of the great masterpieces There may be in your congregation shown as the Scripture story is recited girls who would make a similar gift if and Christmas carols are sung. The the opportunity were presented to Missionary Education Movement, 160 them. Fifth avenue, New York, has a set of ANOTHER "INASMUCH" CALL comes twenty-three slides of celebrated to minister to the thousands of His paintings. The Movement also pub- little ones who are facing starvation lishes a little booklet, "The Christmas and death. In our Sunday-schools Spirit," price ten cents, which sug- an4 missionary societies are other gests a program of Bible readings, thousands who will gladly send them recitations and carols for an effective bread if the matter is presented to program to be used with these slides.

them. Make place in your Christmas This booklet also gives valuable sug- plans for the relief of the suffering in gestions for the celebration of Christ- Bible lands. A beautiful plan for mas by the whole church; concrete making the dividing of their bread plans for the Sunday school; the giv- real to the little children was suggest- ing Christmas, and the community ed by an elementAry leader at a sum- Christmas tree festival, with success- mer conference. This may be adapted ful experiences of many Sunday for a Christmas~giving exercise for schools, churches and communities.

children.

Announce that the Sunday-school A SURE CURE FOR MOTHS or Mission Band will pack a Christ- Moth-balls are becoming more and more expensive every day and, even at mas lunch basket for the Armenian the present soaring prices, they are children. Place on a low table or on not to be trusted. Try this Christmas the floor a lal'ge basket trimmed with an absolutely sure cure for moths. holly. Above it display pictures of Appoint a committee to receive worn Bible lands. Tell the Bible story of clothing from members of the congrethe little lad of Galilee who divided gation and to give it tactfully to those his lunch with the hungry people. who are needy. Far better than a Then tell of the hungry Armenian rumma'ge sale is the wise giving of children. Explain that we can not clothing to those to whom it will mean actually divide our lunch by handing much. In every community there are them a piece of bread, but that we can little children who suffer need that do without some things that we would might easily be supplied by the outlike to have and send the money to a grown clothing of boys and girls who man who will buy bread and give it to have a more abundant store. Tn every them for us. Announce that on the Gospel mission and. rescue home there following Sunday the lunch basket have been many instances in which will be packed with money that will the gift of respectable clothing go to .buy bread. On the following brought to men and women another Sunday give to every child a tiny chance at respectable living.

paper napkin or a piece of holly paper in which to wrap his gift and let all the children help to pack the Christ- There are among us some who mas lunch basket. For literature, pic- have learned the art of giving so won- tures, posters and other plans write to drously that even a worn garment the American Committee for Arme- which they bestow comes with no nian and Syrian Relief, 1 Madison humiliating suggestions, but seems to avenue, New York. catch the rare spirit of the giver.

UNKISSED DANDELIONS thing that might be gathered any- where for the plucking. His face fell. In the springtime when my little lad was three years old he went for a Then a gleam of light came to his eyes walk with his nurse. When he came as he glorified his gift and raised it back, a withered dandelion was clasped far above the values of the common in one small chubby hand. All the long dandelions at my feet, handing it to me blocks he carried it home to "muvver." as he said: As he ran forward to meet me, suddenly he saw that the earth was "But muvver I put a kiss on this abloom with dandelions. From every dandelion for you." nook and cranny their bright yellow faces peered out at him, cheapen- This old world of ours is full of uning his gift so carefully carried. Sud- kissed dandelions that wait love's denly his flower seemed a common transforming lips to. make them of priceless value to hearts that hunger this Christmas-time.

Nineteen hundred years ago the Lord Christ came to Bethlehem and Bethlehem knew not that the Lord had come. In her overcrowded inn was found no room for the Christ who came.

Again the advent of our Lord draws near, and now, even in our churches, some are answering "Too busy," "No time now for missions."

Shall we, too, crowd Him out? In little faces pinched with hunger let us look lest we miss Him. In the call of the uureached millions whose heart-cry is for those good tidings of great joy which the angel said should be to all the people, let us hear our Lord's call to us. In our own hearts let us make room for the coming of the King.

"The great world's heart is aching, Aching in the night, And God alone can heal it, And God alone give light; And the ones to bear the message And to speak the living word, Are you and I, my brothers, And the millions that have heard.

"We grovel among trifles, And our spirits fret and toss, While above us burns the vision Of the Christ upon the Cross; And the blood of God is streaming, From His broken hands and side, And the voice of God is pleading: 'Tell thy brother I have died.' "

Woman'5 Home Mission

EDITED BY MRS. O. R. JUDD, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

THE SIN OF WASTE manner, they took their last ride down L By Helen Merrick Semple that grim industrial valley singing the UClA, with tightly braided pig- songs of their homelands, the love of tails, tiny shawl pinned over her their hearts going out to the countries head, many skirts bulging around her in which they were born. Many a short legs-in brief, a miniature Ital- train, in all parts of the country, carian woman of the old school-fled ried such passengers, though perhaps , with shrieks before a pursuing mob of but seldom was their departure so laughing school boys and girls. They, dramatically massed. The pick and living in an American town, claiming shovel were dropped, the furnace fires to be American, in spite of diverse were drawn, the mine cars were left parentage, found in her much amuse- unfilled; and a large part of America's ment, pulled her braids, ridiculed her "immigrant problem" went back to shawl headdress, mocked her tripping that desperately problematical region I tongue, called her "dago," enraged her across the sea, without a love for "The parents, and created a community Star Spangled Banner," without a enmity that impoverished it of neigh- heart's thrill for "My Country, 'Tis of borly kindness and co-operative en- Thee, Sweet Land of Liberty." deavor. There was no one to remind Whenc«came this waste of America's them of the Italian discoverer of opportunity? Perhaps it began at the America; no one to speak of the beau- Port of Entry, where labor agents ties of Sicily, whence Lucia's family gathered up the "raw foreigners," herded them into industrial occupacame; no one to see the opportunity tions at the lowest market price, for broadening local education in tell- housed them under conditions that ing of these things; no one with that often made decency difficult, and that vision of democracy that realizes that each may offer his gift of good in his certainly offered no education in adown way, to guide that community in- vanced standards. Perhaps it conto a more closely welded life. Was tinued when communities accepted the this a waste in America's handling of solidified "foreign quarter" and visited what we are pleased to 'call the "im- it as a curiosity, when Protestant migrant problem"? Was this a failure churches gathered their skirts from to appreciate that while Americaniza- contact with these new-comers and tion may register itself in the conven- moved "up town." Perhaps the 'waste tional clothing of the country, and in was sorest when America eagerly acthe adoption of the prevailing lan- cepted dividends from business enterguage, its real meaning is in the things prises that built themselves up on of the spirit, and its real language that "cheap labor" furnished by the for- eigners, without concerning itself to of the understanding heart? inquire what those foreigners were *** getting from America aside from the money orders that furnished the In the dark afternoon of a winter ground for the bitter complaint that day in 1915, a'train load of South- they were "taking money out of the eastern European workmen, who had been employed in the steel mills of western Pennsylvania, pulled out from country." Every old freight car on a the town that had for months given siding, with ragged bedding protrudthem work and shelter, but not a home. ing from its door, or set down on a bed No regret on their faces, no tug of a of cinders, forming part of a system divided responsibility visible in their of "labor camps"; every crowded in-

dustrial tenement, with its board walls waste in American social and indus- to keep 'out the bitter winter,' and its trial life a considerable percentage of rent roll to justify its existenc;e; every which is chargeable to the wasteful "company store" that helped to keep methods of dealing with the foreigner.

the balance even between the pay en- In one of our leading industrial states velope and the charge account of the alone the record of one year's indus- non-English speaking workman was trial accidents is 260,000 casualties, in reality not the economy it wa~ de- and 2,500 fatalities-that, in spite of a signed to be, but part of a great na- well-administered system of machine tional waste that has grown to be in- guarding, and an active campaign of ternational in its effect. "safety" education. The industries of *** that state are very largely dependent upon immigrant labor; and while the "He's only a Hunkie (or a Dago, or relationship of that fact to its accident a Wop) whom nobody owns" might be rate qmnot be accurately determined, the up-to-date rendering of the refrain it is conceded that the differences in of Hood's old poem, when it comes to language, the inability to understand the discussion of industrial accidents. commands and cautions, and to read "Railroad Accident-engine thrown signs, contribute considerably to this from track when train dashes into doleful record. Is this, or is it not, an gang of workmen-nobody hurt but industrial waste, and a wastage in the two foreigners." "Explosion in Blank heart of human brotherhood?

Mills-everyone accounted for except *** five workmen thought to be Italians."

"Accident in Steel Mill-plant engine In a large industrial center in one of killed workman, name unknown, un- the northeastern states, several hun- derstood to be a Polack." Anyone dred housewives of foreign birth bus- who reads the daily papers with care ily prepared the evening meal for the will recognize these as typical head- men of their families engaged in the lines. With all due and needful allow- mills and factories of the town. Sev- ance for the difficulties in registering enty-five per cent of those men failed and keeping track of people of strange- to appear at the usual time, and wildest ly spelled names and of foreign speech, consternation reigned in the house- it must be confessed that the implica- holds that awaited them. Rumors of tion is that the foreign workmen are autocratic doings of the police, the somewhat outside the pale of human- sudden haling of peaceable and inno- ity. When, in one of our states that cent men to prison, restraint imposed has a. law regulating the hours of labor upon those not armed with some mys- for women, a hotel keeper angrily terious "card"-these set the foreign threatened that if the law persisted in quarter of the city agog, and threaten- interfering with his business he would ed riots of serious nature and import.

discharge all the women and employ It did not matter that authority ex- Polish girls, he naively confessed a plained that the draft laws were the oc- state of mind that is fairly widespread, casion of the upheaval; that the men even if unavowed. There has been no who failed to report at home for sup- more wholesome corrective on this per did not have their registration subject than the Workmen's Compen- cards, and were therefore subject to sation and Accident Insurance Laws suspicion as alien enemies, or-at the passed in the various states. Such best-as "slackers." The women only laws, arising from the conscience of a knew that their men were imprisoned civilization created by Christianity, are when they had meant no harm, and tending to counteract the waste in in- that free America had apparently done dustrial life when the direct Christian' them a wrong as bitter as that of Rus- conscience has grown lax. The toll of – sia in the days when Siberia was the industrial accidents itself represents a sudden retreat of those politically per-

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

sona non grata. After hours of patient When the great world-war broke effort by 'Some of the "international" out in 1914 there seemed justifiable workers of the Young Women's Chris- ground for the thought that Germany tian Asosciation, hastily summoned had chosen that time to open the atfrom a near-by city, the situation be- ta;ck because she believed that labor gan to lose its tenseness, and the riot troubles in Great Britain would render spectre was laid. It was found that that country less effective in the milimost of the men were properly regis- tary field. It is a matter of history tered, but had not understood the need that those labor troubles did hamper to carry their cards; that others had the early efforts that Great Britain moved to new locations without under- made to grapple with the situation so standing the need or the process, of a suddenly thrust upon her. Fortunatetransfer of registration; that practic- ly for her, she had some leaders in her ally none deserved the drastic handling national life who had done their honest that was meted out to all at first. The best to turn the industrial life of the town settled down to its ordinary out- country into Christian and brotherly ward life; but who will say that there ways. What the industrial workers of had not been a wastage in trust of the land might have been slow to do for America on the part of those who abstract love of country they gladly were doing America's work under war did in loyalty to those who had stood pressure, and who are needed now in their special friends. When one rethe binding together of the bundle of flects that such a condition could exlife that shall make the America of ist in compact Great Britain where the the future? Surely such waste-which working population is practically hoinvolved also loss of time, and lessen- mogeneous, surprise vanishes that in ing of industrial efficiency-could be vast America, with its mixture of races avoided by a little more careful adapta- ami tongues, there should be an eletion of our process of government to ment of distrust, or even disloyalty, the human material with which it deals. among some sections of the workers Such adaptation is a part of the very toward the policies of the govern- Christian democracy for which Amer- ment. Time has focused the bulk of ica stands. such dissentient opinion among the labor forces of the country in the or- *** ganizationof the Industrial Workers of the World-the much discussed "I. If such adaptation could be carried W. W." Who make up the "I. W. W."? Beyond question a considerable out consistently as the effort is made percentage of its membership, though to carry it out in many places, there by no means all, is recruited from the would come less frequently from the immigrant workers in the land. Men training camps the stories of complete bewilderment on the part of many a and women who came eagerly t,o foreign-born man as to why he is America as the land of practical fracaught in the mesh of a military activ- ,ternity, but who found ridicule, misity that he perhaps left the old world understanding, and economic oppresto escape. There would be fewer in- sion, have furnished a receptive soil stances of mothers and wives who beg for the bitter seeds of the destructive their men to "throw up the job" in the philosophy of the 1. W. W. Immigrant camp and come home to them; and workers held in practical peonage in there might not have been the basis for mine and labor camp that large divthe well certified story that comes from idends might go to stockholders who one of the camps of the stalwart, fine had never even seen the premises, turnyoung fellow who saluted his officer, ed willing ears to the doctrines of the and respectfully, but firmly, announced, crude syndicalism taught by the 1. W. "No like this job; give ten days' no- W. Industrial accidents that were actice; quit next Friday." Waste, al- cepted as the will of God, that brought ways .dangerous, becomes especially dangerous in days of national crisis.

no effort for prevention of their recur- ha.d she had Paul's breadth of convic- rence, and that were listed as affecting tion that in Christ there is neither Jew "only a Hunkie," threw discredit on nor Greek, Barbarian nor Scythian.

the altruism and justice of America, The goal of the church must be that and opened the way for the activities the Americanization of the future shall of the 1. W. W. Bad housing, "good mean that Christ is all in all, in indus- enough for the W ops, for they aren't try, in community life, and in the prin- accustomed to anything better," has ciplesof government, for the stranger helped to stultify American profes- as well as for one born in the housesions as to the equality of men. Where *** the labor unions did little because their hold. mission is to the more trained workers who may be banded together by crafts; INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIP and where the church of Christ hesitat- New Books by Promittent Churchmen The Christian Man, the Church and the War- ed because the task was puzzling, and By Robert E. Speer. Price 60 cents the modern pentecostal gift of tongues had not arrived,-there the 1. W. W. postpaid. entered in, and gathered from the The Nezv Horizon of State and Church- By William H. P. Faunce. Price 60 cents postpaid.

waste that had been made, the materials Cards for Christmas from which it has built its house. That The Glory of Christmaswaste caused by lack of thought, by By Lucy W. Peabody.

haste to be rich, by human unbrother- A Prayer for World Friendshipliness, has been costly enough in itself. By Harry Emerson Fosdick. Only Christian willingness to look facts in the face, and Christian justice Price: 5 cents each; SO cents per doz.; $3,50 per hundred. Postage: 1 cent each; 5 cents per doz.; 25 cents per hundred.

in meeting them can prevent the Order from World Alliance for Internacumulative cost of this waste in our tional Friendship, 105 East 22d Street, New national life from being compounded. York City.

*** *** Meanwhile, how slowly move the hosts of God America's place in the world today To claim the crown He hath already won! is unique. Let us take it, not as com- Their feet, how slack with "preparation ing from size, and wealth, and battleship programmes, but humbly, as from shod,"

To forward' plant the Gospel of His Son! "Regions beyond!" Will Christ's Church the hand of God. What special ma- ever dare terial has God put into the hand of In selfish ease to read, "Beyond His America to use for the world in the present crisis? All the nations of the care ?" earth have knocked at her gates, and representatives from most of them * '" * have entered in. Understanding of the world's peoples might have been here ASK TO SEE THE NEW PUBLICATIONS of THE COUNCIL OF WOME~r FOR HOME MISSIONS for the taking-. She might have under-. The Path of Labor-for Seniors- stood what they severally had to offer A survey of present-day labor condi- through Americanization to enrich her tions and the responsibility of Chris" national life; she might have learned tianity for the World's Workers. through them what their homelands Jack-o/-All-Trades-for Juniors- needed from her as neighborly gifts of A true story cif The Little People Who Work-Bright, interesting and just the sympathy and leading. Even the Rus- book you want for your children ill sian tangle might have yielded some- home and Sunday School.

Teacher's Manual and Supplement· and a what to this possible golden thread of Take Home Surprise Envelope! '

understanding, had it been spun. The Senior Book costs 57c. cloth; 4Oc. paper (postpaid); the Junior Book 45c. Much of this opportunity was wasted. cloth; 29c. paper (postpaid); Suppl~ment, America's magnificent gift to the world Sc.; Manual, IOc.; Take Home Envelope, today is less than it might have been lOco

·Latest News Of War

CHRISTIAN WORK FOR COLLEGE 30,000 may be in 30 or 60 villages, allel SOLDIERS in each should be a Y. M. C. A.

T HE NEW RELATION between worker. the government and many colleges has affected all plans for volun- 3. The constant shifting of troops tary religious work among students. The student department of the Y. M. over there requires constant opening C. A. has been made a bureau of the of new work. .

War Work Council of the Association, 4. The broken means of communiso that the college work is to be put cation calls for our own carnian and on a definite war basis. Each college automobile service-expensive but eswith 250 or more students is to have sential. a regular secretary on the same terms as in the army camps, and colleges 5. Higher prices for everything over with fewer students will have part there, and constantly increasing. time workers or regulated volunteer workers. Instead of lessening effort 6. The urgency of the situation. for Bible and missionary study, the stud1ent department intends to be even Now is the only time. We must pour more vigilant. A group of thought- out money like water-not extravaful leaders from central colleges and g-antly, but wisely and generously. universities gathered at Evanston, Illi- The boys over.there cannot wait. nois, September 9 and 10 and committed themselves to effort for sending 7. The extreme devotion of our young men out to the war with settled men. "I have had it out with death," and intelligent religious convictions. It one of the boys said to me. That is will now be the part of the appointing true of every American boy. power to see to it that military officers sent into these colleges are sympa- A UNITED CAMPAIGN FOR FUNDS thetic with their ideals and traditions. The college leaders will do their part. FOLLOWING a request from Pres- A clean-hearted, dear-minded, ideal- ident Wilson, on the ground that istic young army will be ready when these young men are called. Did ever the public may be relieved' from ihe the colleges need more solicitous con- burden of an unnecessary number of cern from the Christian church?- campaigns for patriotic funds, there is The Continent. to be (November 11-18) a joint cam- paign for welfare funds for the Allied WHY? soldiers and sailors, to be participated in by the Young Men's Christian As- JOHN R. MOTT gives seven rea- sociation, the Young Women's Chris- sons why the hundred millions are tion Association, the War Camp Com- munity Service, the American. Lineeded for the war work of the Y. M. Libary Association, the National· Cath- olic War Council, the Jewish WeHare C. A.: Board, and the Salvation Army. 1. Because overseas the Y. M. C. A. For some reasons this union of secis the only agency able to do this work tarian and non-sectarian enterprises is on an adequate scale. unfortunate, but the combination will no doubt develop a larger interest and 2. Because over there the forces are there will be less duplication of effort scattered, and small units must be and less expense, than by separate served. A single division of less than campaigns.

A National Joint Executive Com- mittee has already been organized and is at work with headquarters in New

York City. It is composed of mem- cared for, many of them Armenians. bers of each of the participating or- The Friends' plan is to erect small ganizations and represents them in the wooden houses, provide seeds for set-up and conduct of the campaign. planting and try to get them estab- The total sum asked for is $170,500,- lished where they are. OOO—-the largest benevolent fund ever sought in a brief campaign. This is In France, the work of the Friends divided as follows: The Y. M. C. A., has been along the Marne. American $100,000,000 ; the Y. W. C. A. and the saw mills have made it possible to War Camp Communities Service, $15,- construct fifteen houses per week, and 000,000 each; National Catholic War crude furniture in immense quantities. Council (including the Knights of Grain has been harvested in the South Columbus), $30,000,000; Jewish Wel- Dakota way and' an experimental farm fare Board, the Salvation Army, and of five hundred acres is being put into the American Library Association, $3,- operation, where American Friends 500,000 each. are teaching French peasants modem farm methods. In other localities, THE SALVATION ARMY IN Friends., are leading in reconstruction work, not only of farms, but of schools FRANCE and public institutions.

NEARLY fifty "hutments," naval SURVEY OF MILITARY CAMPS and military homes, reading and AND NAVAL STATIONS rest rooms are operated by the Salva- A SURVEY of the moral and retion Army in France. These centers ligious forces in United States -a hut if one can be built, an old military camps and naval stations has barn, i:f that is available, or a deserted been made by Rev. S. M. Cavert chateau, if that happens to be on the under the direction of the General spot, but in any case made as homelike War Time Commission of the as ingenuity can contrive-are located Churches. This Survey tells where wherever most accessible to soldiers, the camps are, what religious forces the nearer the front the better. are at work in them and in the neigh- borhood and also the church co-opera- A worker and his wife usually com- tion and community service. All the pose the entire staff of such a center. facts contained in the Survey will be The woman makes pies, cookies and of interest to Christian people. When doughnuts, sews on buttons and seeks America entered the war there were in every way to fill the place of mother 41 chaplains in the Navy; there are to the soldier from across the seas. now 150. In place of 67 regular Army Her husband co-operates in all the chaplains there are now 750. The work, often carrying their wares to Y. M. C. A. maintains 275 stations in the boys who are unable to come to America with over 3,000 secretaries in the center. service, 450 of them in exclusively re- ligious work. AMERIG:AN FRIENDS IN RECON- STRUCTION WORK Local churches in the neighborhood of camps are doing a notable work. T HE American Society of Friends There is scarcely an important mili- has led all other Christian or- tary or naval center where churches ganizations in reconstruction work in have not established social rooms, and both Russia and France. In Buzuluk, welcomed the men to homes and redirectly north of the Caspian Sea, ligious services. The booklet can be Friends have built two hospitals and secured from the Federal Council of last year treated 70,000 out-patients. Churches, 105 East 22nd St., New Children by the thousands in this Rus- York. sian district have lost their parents and are even ignorant of their names. Altogether, 100,000 people are here to bt

fROM MANY JLAND>S

LATIN AMERICA a beginning which will expand as time goes on; and the teachers' training DR. Education in Panama conferences will reap important ad- WEBSTER E. BROWNING, vantages. S~cretary of Education of the Committee of Co-operation in Latin Reconstruction in Guatemala America, recently visited Panama in .the course of his review of educational THE rebuilding of Guatemala City conditions in South and Central Amer- out of the ruins left by the earthica. He says that Panama affords a strategic location for a university of quake of last December is proceeding, high grade and modern methods. It although progress is e~ceedingly slow. is the natural center of an area as The cost of clearing away the debris of great as all the United States east of the shattered mission buildings is althe Mississippi and has a population most equal to the price of a new locaof 13,000,000. There is no adequate tion. The walls average four feet in public school system and nothing high- thickness and all this broken material er than the National Institute, whose must be hauled away in ox carts before completed course about corresponds the work of rebuilding can begin. The with the close of the Fres'hman year new printing house of the Presbyterian in an American college. Mission is almost completed and chmch services have been held there Protestant mission work is main- each week. A new residence has also tained in Panama, but there is no been completed for Rev. W. B. Allison theological seminary, nor even a Bible and this serves as a school until a new training school. No provision what- building can be put up. This home is ever is made for training a native min- used also as a social center for the peoistry, except as the overworked mis- pIe, whose own homes are cheerless sionary is able to give a little inter- and uninviting. mittent instruction to those under his supervision. The natural result is that Christian Education in Costa Rica there is neither an adequate supply of native preachers nor anything but the SPIRITUAL destitution in Costa most meager attainments in the few Rica is not most marked among that are there. When all the churches combine to establish a worthy training the poor and ignorant, but among the educated and influential. The "ignorschool on a. scale commensurate with antes" find a certain sort of religious solace in the confession and mass, but the need, the spiritual significance will the intellectuals, after ceasing" to ac;- be more far-reaching than the results cept superstitious trumpery, have come of completing the canal. to a passive denial of all faith, and o£ten these men are filled with hope- ASunday School Conference in Argentina less despair. The new Methodist T a Sunday School Workers' Con- Episcopal Mission, however, is able to ference, recently held in Buenos show "some interesting developments Aires, much enthusiastic interest was among the intelligent, but spiritually awakened among teachers, superin- d:estitute people of Costa Rica. Judges, tendents and pastors. South America is offioials, teachers and business men atmanifesting much" interest in Sunday- tend the services and acknowledge that school work. In one mission school a they find there a basis for a faith that model kindergarten has been establish- can meet the needs of their lives. ed, where teachers from different churches go and receive instruction by The next step must be the establishobserving and helping. This is only ing of a high grade day school which will bring Christian education to the

families of these men. Such a school without fear or favor. The way will can soon, becDme self-supporting, for not be without difficulty, for many of many of those whO' have experienced the MennDnite parents will suffer ima change of heart are eager to' help prisonment before they will permit malintain this new school. Rev. Ed- their children to attend a public school. uardo Zapata of Mexico, opened the way for the work of this mission. The DDminion Government has also From San Jose as a center the move- decided to take actiDn in regard to ment extended to Cartago, Alejuela the Dukhooors. There are two groups and San Sebastian and requests are of these people in Canada, one comcoming in cDnstantly frDm Dther points munity numbering abDut seven hunfor the DrganizatiDn Df evangelistic dred and ,the other five hundred. The work. GDvernment will allow those in the larger group to purchase land up to Summer School in New Mexico fifteen acres per person and the smaller group may take up homesteads where FOURTEEN Spanish-speaking lands are available in lieu Df purchas- ministers cDnducted a summer ing an allotment. Dukhobors who pur- chase land lose their homesbead privischool at Albuquerque, N. M., during leges. These measures are designed to the second week in July for the pur- lead these two peculiar peoples toward pose of improving the morale Df Mex- intelligent and loyal Canadian citizenican working forces. Rev. Vincent ship. Mendoza, formerly editor of the Christian Advocate of MexicO' City, New Bureau to Promote Americanism was one of the speakers. E. B. Garcia, lawyer and Harvard graduate, AMERICANIZING rhe strangers sp()ke also. He is a son of the first within our gates is the task Spanish missionary of the Methodist Episcopal church. Classes were held which the Methodist Episcopal Board each day to discuss such topics as of Home Missions proposes to set "The History of the Bible," "The a,bout at once. An array of facts Work of the Master" and "The Art bearing Dn the fDreign problem, Df Winning Souls." There were marshaled from all parts of the many practical working suggestiDns country, revealed conditions which degiven and much spiritual inspiration. mand immediate attention. During the last ten years the number of aliens in NORTH AMERICA America unable to' speak English has risen 142%. AlthDugh accurate re- Dukhobors and Mennonites in Canada ligious statistics are less easily obtain- ed, the most cDnservative students of WITH a view to' assimilating the the problem estimate that fully two- Mennonite Community of Sas- thirds of these fDreigners have no church affiliations whatever. The first katchewan,' and inducing them to' con- step in meeting this situation has been form to' Canadian ideals, the Premier the establishment .of a Bureau of of the Province has decided upon a Americanization to which any pastor drastic policy toward these singular in a neighborhood with a foreignpeople. The MennDnites will not ac- speaking element can take his difficulknowledge any human government; ties and get suggestions. Speakers they live a life entirely apart frDm will tDur thDse sections of the country other settlers and maintain customs where the foreign problem is most far remDte frDm Anglo-Saxon stand- acute, to point to' the English-speaking ards. Since they Dwn all the land in churches the responsibility that 'must their tDwnships, they prevent the es- be theirs. Broadly speaking, the protablishment of pUiblic schools. But the gram is divided intD 'evangelism, re- Premier, whO' is also Minister of Edu- LigiDus education and community catiDn, intends to' see that three model service; and it is the intention to' coschools are erected and that compulsory attendance upon them is enforced

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

operate everywhere with agencies al- read the Lord's Prayer and the prayer ready at work, so that there may be no of the Pharisee and that of the publi- overlapping. can. The young student was becom- ing more and more deeply interested TCommunity Center Project and finally he said, "I, too, would like HE Plaza Community Center of to make the prayer of the publican."

Los Angeles has set about aocom- After that they turned to the story of plishing a practical task in adopting a Saul's conversion and he was deeply program for spreading the Gospel interested in this, as it recalled to his among the people of many languages mind the stories of the Boxer rebel- and creeds in that community. The lion. With tears in his eyes, but smil- Methodist Episcopal Board of Home· ing, he said he was ready to accept Missions has voted $25,000 toward the Christ as his Lord.

$150,000 needed for an eight story in- This young student had been sent stitutional building, which is to be the over from China to study modern min- headquarters for several lines of wel- ing methods and was on his way to fare work The Plaza Institutional the School of Mines at Butte, Mon- Church has for some time been car- tana. He had planned to go direct rying on a work to make useful citi- from Seattle, but changed his route to zens of the Mexican, Spaniard, Italian, go through San Francisco, with the French, Austrian and Syrian industrial result that he found the Bible and workers of Los Angeles. There is a Jesus Christ.

health club, an employment bureau and a "Good Will Store," in which the Extension Work in Texas employees begin the day by having CHRISTIAN work among the Mex- prayer together; visitation of the sick icans in Texas has many oppor- and religious services in jail'S are also tunities and not a few discourage- features of this opening of the door ments. It is largely conducted in the through which men of all nations may country or small towns, and as the enter the Kingdom of God. people are continually on the move, looking for better work, a church that AA Conversion on an Express Train flourishes one year may be reduced to REPRESENTATIVE of· the alm?~t nothing the next. But many New York Bible Society was famIlIes return to Mexico, and there traveling from San Fr~ncisco to New they o.ften form the nucleus for future York and met two young Chinamen in evangelical churches.

the car, one of whom was seen to be A missionary to.. these people in reading an English history. When Texas describes their eagerness to asked if he had ever read the Bible hear· the Gospel message in the folhe said he had not; that on his way lowing incident: to America he had joined the Y. M. C. A. in Shanghai, but had never read "One time, in one of the pastoral a verse in the Bible-in fact he had visits, after traveling about tweIlity never seen one. The traveler from miles, I preached what I thought was San Francisco at once handed him a enough. Just before the final hymn a man told me, 'Brother, you come copy of the Gospel, which he read for once every four weeks; I had to walk an hour and then asked, "Is this all five miles while my family came in of the Bible?" When told it was not, the wagon; I would like to know ;if he said he would like to have it all. He was given a copy of the entire you can preach that sermon again.'

Bible and for several hours he read As I saw that the people wanted to with glowing interest the story of J e- hear more, while they sang I took sus Christ. "It is all so wonderful," another outline and preached the sec- he said. "We have nothing to com- ond sermon in the same service. I pare with it in our classics." He next was glad to. find a place where the

people didn't complain of the length to remedy this situation is the formaof the sermon." tion of federated churches, composed of two or more denominations, retain- One Mexican family was obliged to ing their denominational affiliations, move to a place where there was no but co-operating in all local religious church, but wrote regularly to their matters and being served by one paspastor once a month. He sent them tor. The experiences of more than periodicals and they had their Sun- thirty churches of this kind furnish day-school every Sunday afternoon. evidence that the plan is not only work- They moved three times within a year, able, but that the federated church is but wherever they went they held more successful than the usual oountheir services and sent the small offer- try church. ings of their services to the school to which they belonged.-The Mission- THE Contrasts in Alaska ary Survey. ~ativ~ Alaskan of ~Dday is ?e- commg, III some sectIOns, an Ill- Lutheran Churches Unite telligent and progressive factor in the life of the territory. Recently a pLANS have been completed by the daughter of the Hydah tribe made General Synod, the United Synod application for United States citizen- ship, and after examination was pro- South and the General Council of the nounced qualified to exercise intelli- Lutheran Church to form a metg"er, gently the duties of an elector-the which will be incorporated under the first native woman of Alaska to relaws of New York State, under the ceive citizenship. Her father is a name of the United Lutheran Church. staunch elder of the Hydaburg Pres- Application has been made .to Con- byterian Church. All through Southgress for a Federal charter. These eastern Alaska, natives are taking up three-. bodies represent a membership homesteads, organizing villages upon of 760,000; three thousand five hun- sound civic principles, reading the dred ministers andi church prop- daily papers, putting telephones and erty worth $66,000,000. The meet- electtic lights into their homes-in a ing in New York City on November word, are proving the value of Chris- 15, at which the union will be effected:, tian citizenship. will be attended by more than 800 delegates who will come from every But there is a.nother side to the picstate in the Union, and it is expected ture and the contrast between the unthat many thousand clergymen and churched and the Christianized Alaslaymen will be present. kans is distressing. Scores of villages in the Bristol Bay region live where AChurch Survey in Ohio no Protestant missionary has ever STATE-WIDE rural survey of been and the one Greek priest who .ohio, the first to be made of an had ministered to the needs of 1,700 entire state, has brought to light the people is now dead. The revolution need of federated effort on the part in Russia has cut off the support of of the churches and missionary organ~ Russian missions in Alaska, leaving izations. More than 4,000 churches the spiritual destitution and physical have a membership of less than one wretchedness of lal'ge numbers of hundred and more than 2,000 have a these people wholly unrelieved.-The membership of fifty or less. Nearly Home Mission Monthly. one-third: of .the rural churches in Ohio are without resident pastors. In Christian Indians on James Bay the eastern, southeastern and southern counties large areas should be MISSIONARIES of the Church of regarded as missionary territory, England report most encouragareas of the most pronounced moral and spiritual decline. ing results of work among the Indians of the James Bay country. Scattered The method that seems most likely

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

over an area of hundreds of miles of bia recently spent two days and a half forest, these Indians, only one or two in Oxford, England, in prayer and families together, follow their business discussion on uni,ty and righteousness of hunting and trapping and come but -topics to be taken up at the Inter- once a year to the trading post to ex- national Christian Conference at Up- change their catch of skins for sup- sala, called by the Scandinavian bish- plies to last another year. These year- ops, and temporarily postponed but not ly visits offer the missionary his only abandoned. Political discussion was opportunity of reaching any except the entirely wanting in this preliminary few families living in the vicinity of gathering. The aim was to promote the trading post, but he has made the a unity based on the teachings of best use of the opportunity and has Christ and to seek God's will in the given the Indian the Gospel and a questions of reconciliation. The large copy of the Bible. It has been through and urgent duty resting upon the the reading of his Bible that these far Church was emphasized and as the north Indians have become trans- problem was discussed conviction be- formed, their lives standing out in came deeper that the complete suprem- marked contrast to the unenlightened acy of spiritual uprightness and a re- Indians of Roman Catholic countries, turn to Christ's standard of values where the Bible is withheld from them. was the one paramount issue.

A missionary of the James Bay station was asked how the lives of these Ind- Farm for French Orphans B ians compare with that of the average ISHOP THEODORE S. HEN- DERSON, executive head of the church member and he replied: "You can't compare them at all. He will not Methodist War Council, has completed partake of the Communion if he is arrangements for the purchase of conscious of unconfessed sin. When property near Lyons, France, to be asked the cause of his absence, he will used as an industrial farm and school reply that there is something heavy for war orphans. This farm includes on his heart that prevented him. The 200 acres with buildings and a second wise missionary never seeks to find plot of six acres with a villa of twenty out what this is, but leaves him to con- rooms, porter's lodge, barns, etc. The fess it to his Lord, and when the work will be put into immediate opera- wrong is made right the Indian comes tion and there will be no difficulty in to the Lord's table. They have, in securing children. It is planned to their own language, a hymn book, and accommodate 250 boys. Similar plans tn the introduction the translator rec- to those fulfilled in France are in pros- ommends that a hymn be sung at pect .for Italy and an announcement morning and evening prayers each may soon be made of the acquisition day. The consequence is that from of property there.

every Indian ,tent morning and: night can be heard the family joining in their Spezia Mission in Italy hymn of praise at their family worship. BEFORE the. war, the Spezia Mis- Even in the stress of journeying, when sion was doing a great work in every minute of daylight is valuable, Italy. Some of the best trained Protthe Indian tries to beg-in and end his estant Christian teachers and nurses day in this manner.-The Evangelical owe everything to this Mission. The Christian. war has brought vastly increased re- sponsibilities, and the work among EUROPE men of the Italian army has assumed An International Christian Conference large proportions-soldiers by the REPRESENTATIVES of ten or tens of thousands are being helped in more Christian churches of barracks, in hospitals and at the front.

America, Holland, Sweden and Ser- Another very gracious ministry has

been undertaken for the families of ers and savants. Alreadv such dissoldiers, comforting and. cheering tinguished men as George Brandeis those whose loved ones are at the and Henri Bergson have offered their front or, as in many cases, prisoners services. in Austria. The mission services have never been so thronged with eager In the initial ceremony of laying the listeners. foundation, twelve stones, symbolical of the Twelve Trilbes, were laid by With the coming into Italy of so representatives of various branches of many British and American troops, an- Jewish thought and activity. General other field has opened up to the Mis- Allenby and officers of the French and sion, and plans are being made for Italian detachments in Palestine were a vigorous prosecution of their task present at the ceremony. in this direction.

MOSLEM LANDS Sacred Scrolls Restored ATurkey Proposes an Armenian Republic ONE of the interesting ceremonies NNOUNCEMENT is made that which ,followed British occupation the Turkish Government has come forward with a proposition to of Palestine was the restoration of the establish an "Armenian Independent parchment scrolls of the Law to the Republic of Ararat," a district com- various synagogues. These scrolls of prising about 4,600 square miles of the Law of Moses, which are all writterritory. This seems at first thought ten by hand and kept in magnificent to be a concession to the hapless cases-often solid silver-are the most Armenians; in reality, it is a move- precious possessions of every Jewish ment designed to crush whatever is community. So when the evacuation left of that afflicted nation. For the of Jaffa and other towns took place in April, 1917, the Jews carried with Turkish authorities intend to force them these sacred parchments in order Armenians from other districts to live to save them from the profane hands within the small republic of Ararat, of the Turks. Recently they have the Turks thereby possessing them- been brought back in solemn processelves of the evacuated regions. The sion, headed by bands, while houses turn of events in the war will furnish were everywhere decorated with flowa reply to this proposition. ers and bunting in honor of the cere- A New University in Jerusalem mony. Young girls clad in white with blue sashes maintained order, and THE foundation stones have been school children crowned with flowers laid for a Hebrew university on and carrying small lambs on their shoulders took part in the festive cerea site purchased before the war near mony, which ended with the blowing· the Mount of Olives. The establish- of the Ram's Hom as the scroJls were ment of this center of Jewish learn- carried under canopies into the variing is an important part of the Zionist ous synagogues. The Chief Rabbi of program. It indicates that the leaders Jaffa delivered a memorable address, in which he thanked and invoked blessof the race feel assured that the Jews ings upon the British army and govwill not only make themselves into a ernment and expressed the hope that nation in Palestine, but that they will success would crown the Zionist movemake the effort and sacrifice necessary ment. The Jews desired, he said, to for rebuilding a newer and better Zion. build up and regenerate Palestine not There can be no doubt that the uni- only for their own benefit, but for that versity will be an important force. in of all its citizens, whose help and the development of a national spirit. friendship they desired to maintain. It is to be a world institution, serving Jews ·of every land, and it will draw upon international Jewry for its teach-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

INDIA through interpreters to Indian Chris- Religious 'Factions in Indian Politics tians. Af,ter the war is over there will REV. ]. C. R. EWING regards the no doubt be many of these soldiers diversity of religions in India as who will be drawn to give their lives a serious obstacle to Home Rule in to evangelizing the East.

that country. In an article contrib- uted to the September number of Openings for Work among Moslems Asia he says:' "The interests of India THE Rev. H. ]. Smith, who has for herself demand that she remain many years carried on work in under the guardianship and control of Urdu among the Mohammedans at Britain for a period reaching probably Aurangabad, has moved his headquar- far "into the future. Let it be remem" ters to Nasik, a more ,convenient cen- bered that India is not a country, but ter. Early last year he sent a senior a continent; not a nation, but a collec- Indian worker to live in Poona, a city tion of peoples. Intermingled with 240 with more than 20,000 Mohammedans.

millions of Hindus and those allied to He himself paid several visits to them, dwell some 66 millions of those Poona. The work there is hopeful, who profess and practise the doctrines and two Mohammedans have already of Islam. For nearly a thousand years been baptized. Work has also been the story of the contact of these mutu- taken up again among Moslems in ally antagonistic peoples was a history Bombay. "It is a cause for rejoicing,"

of conflict and disorder. It is only he writes, "that we are permitted to since the establishment of British rule make a fresh start in Bombay among that peace has been maintained, and the 180,000 Mohammedans. The work that on many occasions with extreme will be maiply directed by Indians, difficulty. These mutual jealousies which is a step in the right direction."

and hatreds constitute today what may There is also an opening for work fairly be regarded as the chief obstacle among the Mohammedans in a part of in the way of anything worthy of the the Bombay diocese called Khandesh, name of Home Rule. And yet Home where there are nearly a score of Rule is the boon that is being craved towns with Mohammedan popUlations.

by the educated classes; and since the -c. M. S. Gleaner.

beginning of the war we have wit- I nessed the unprecedented and unex- Hindus Kept from Church Membership pected sight of a considerable body N the Moradabad District in North of educated Mohammedans uniting India thousands of people have ac- with the Hindus in this demand. The cepted the teaching of Christianity, put religious differences of great sections away their idols and begun to live in of the popUlation will not, however, accordance with Christian precepts.

permit them to work in harmony." That they have gone no further is only another instance of the power of tradi- British Soldiers Visit Missions tion and social prejudice, for to be~ T HE war has brought large num- come a baptized church member means bers of British soldiers to India, exclusion from the rights and privi- either for training or on furlough from leges of brotherhood in the commun- Mesopotamia, and they will have many ity. The value of the mass movement a story to tell of mission work when is seen in its bringing whole communi- they return to their home land. Very ties into Christian fellowship. The many of these men are connected with missionaries in Moradabad are hope- the home churches, and not a few are ful that the thousands who are waiting keenly interested in mission work; and for others to join them will be influ- they welcome this opportunity of see- enced to take the last step leading to ing mission activities at close range. church membership because of the Soldiers are everywhere taking part in widespread movement toward Christi- religious meetings, and speaking anity.

Large Gift to Indian Women hold no position, have no home ties and live entirely upon the charity of THE Maharaja Kumar of Tikari those who seek to obtain merit there- has executed a deed of trust devot- by. The Sanyasis are distinguished by their saffron colored garmenting his entire estate to the founding of worn only by their class. On the ocan institution of learning for Indian casion of religious festivals these men women. The value of the property in line the roads to the temples, bethe bequest is about $7,000,000, but smeared with paint and ashes, solicitthe larger purchasing value of money ing gifts. in India will make this sum accomplish as much proportionately, it is thought, From this description it is refreshas a gift several times that amount in ing to turn to a picture of a Christian America. The plan is for a strictly Sanyasi. Sunder Singh is a man of "purdah" residential institution, high birth, well educated, the product where .girls from the age of five to of a mission village school. His deeighteen will be trained along the lines vout Hindu mother had instilled into of modern methods. There will be no his mind the idea of becoming a Sanyq].lestion of caste or creed. The asi, but at sixteen he was converted to Maharaja's wife has been foremost in Christianity and resolved to be a Sanythe crusade to improve the lot of In- asi for Christ. Soon afterward he dian women and it is to her that in- donned his saffron robe, took his Urdu sfiiration for the gift is due.-Mis- Testament in his hand and in this way travels the length and breadth of In- Stons. dia and over the Himalayas into Ti- bet, a lonely, itinerating preacher, pro- AMedical Training for Women claiming the Gospel message.-Dark- BEGINNING is to be made ness and Light. to train women for medical service in South India. With the SIAM AND THE LAOS approval of the Madras Government, which is assisting it with ENew Railway in Siam a grant, a Medical School for ASILY the most important event women was opened at Vellore in July. of the year for the material The teaching staff includes Dr. Ida S. welfare of the whole Malay Pen- Scudder, Dr. M. Kinnaman, Mr. insula was the opening to through Thomas Harris and Miss M. J. Sam- traffic, on July 1, of the Southern uel. The chemical laboratory of Voor- Line of the Siamese State Railhees College is available to the stu- ways. This gives the long-promdents. The war has prevented the car- ised railway connection between rying out of all that is desired, but Singapore, Penang, and Bangkok. The the school hopes to have the co-opera- down journey to Singapore can be tion of all the missions in order to en- made in four traveling days and one sure success. It is hoped that the stu- night. At present, through lack of dents shall be girls of firm Christian close connections in the Malay States, character as well as of good intellect- the northward trip requires one day ual calibre–'g'irls who will enter upon longer. Penang is reached from the study of medicine with a desire to Bangkok in three traveling days, and use their knowledge and skill for from here the trip is made in thirteen Christ. The demand for women med- hours. The nights spent in cool, airy, ical workers is large and increasing.- well-furnished and fairly clean rest- The Harvest Field. houses, are a welcome break in the journey. The service at present is tri- AA Christian Sanyasi weekly, but as soon as more rolling CLASS of men in India call.ed stock is obtainable there will probably Sanyasis are supposed to be be a daily service of through trains. living a life given up to medita- When our British cousins across the tion about God. They never marry,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

border fDrget about wanting to see our public by the syndicate will be at a passports, it will be a simple, everyday. price that will yield enormous profits, jaunt from here to Penang, Malacca, permitting, it is sai4, high Dfficials to Singapore or intermediate points. If share in the gaihs."

a new "Easter bonnet" becomes a ne- The Anglo-Chinese Opium CDnven- cessity, we can go. and select in per- tion agreement signed at Shanghai SDn instead Df ordering by the num- May 8, 1911, decreed that China bers in an old catalog borrowed last should decrease the use Df opium until fall. prohibition in 1917. To. those who had begun to look upon this evil as a thing Gold Leaf for Idols of the past this legalizing of the traf- OVER a million dollars worth of fic again will be disheartening. It is gold leaf is imported into. the but another instance of the manner in kingdom of Siam each year. Of this which forgotten evils come to the fore amount, it is estimated that fully 90 per when those interested in suppressing cent gDes to gild idols, temples and them are occupied with other things.

royal property. By putting gold leaf A Dn the idols, Budrdhists believe they at- A General Assembly for China tain great merit. On a recent visit to T the fifth meeting of the Federal the ruined capital of Siam at Ayuthia, Council of the Presbyterian Professor Claude Maylott Df Bangkok Churches Df China it was decided to Christian College, purchased some of organize a General Assembly for all this leaf from the temple vendors and the churches Df the Presbyterian order decided to put it to a more advantage- in China. The American Presbyte- ons use. The small physics laboq- rian, North and South; the Dutch and tory of the cDllege needed more equip~ German Reformed; the English, Irish ment, so. with gold leaf intended for and two Scotch Presbyterian; Cana- gilded idols he made electroscopes for dian and New Zealand Presbyterian- the college.-The Continent. ten in all-have gradually united into six synods, covering the territory CHINA from Manchuria in the north to China Returning to Opium Kwangtung in the south. This organ- THE revival of the opium trade in ization of an assembly will complet'e China is announced in the Phar- the work of unification, and the uInlliitted maceutical Era for August: body will number about 76,000 mem- "Press dispatches of the past few bers. If proposals made by repre- months indicate that a revival of the sentatives of the English and Ameri- opium traffic in China is probable, and can Congregationalists to. enter this that officials of the Government have organization are agreed upon, the formed a syndicate to handle the drug number of members would reach under the guise of an antiopium soci- 100,000.

ety which will sell to addicts who. are under treatment. As stated in these New Era for Chinese Women dispatches, the Chinese Government NE of the ·brightest hopes for has arranged to purchase the remain- O China is the coming of her ing stocks of Indian opium for $15,- women into the arena of active Chris- 000,000, and payment is to. be made in tian work. In the dedication of a government bonds redeemable in ten union church for all Cantonese Chris- years. The opium will be resold to the tians, Chinese ladies played an impor- syndicate, it is stated, an agreement tant part. They are on the board of having been signed at Shanghai by trustees, are leaders in educatiDnal which the Government obtains the work, and alert in ·governing boards, opium at 6,200 taels (tael = $1.18) giving a new Significance to China's per chest and sells to the syndicate at long-oppressed women.-The Mis- 8,000 taels per chest. The sale to the sionary Visitor.

TThe East Praying for the West is too high to be known, or even wor- HE sorrows of a stricken world shipped. This belief in a just and have driven the people of God to supreme ruler furnishes a good starttheir knees, but startling indeed is the ing point for teaching the way to the message of a Buddhist document sent true God and His Son. But the diffiby a missionary in Soochow, China. culties of teaching these Black Miao Its translation shows that a special are manifold, since they are hidden season of forty-nine days has been set away in their mountain villages and apart in which all followers of Buddha nearly every village has a different are called upon to pray and make sac- dialect from every other; while none rificial offerings on· account of the of them have a written language. European war and for the dead on Western battlefields. Is not this the Banishing Idolatry Among Yunnan hour to turn groping China with her awakened sense of world brotherhood ATribes to the light that is in Jesus Christ?- MISSIONARY venture of faith Missionary Link. in the Szemao district, in the south of the province of Yunnan, al- AAborigines in South China though at first discouraging, has had LMOST the whole of South splendid resuJts. Two evangelists China was apparently filled at made the twenty-eight days' journey one time with non-Chinese tribes. from Lisu, passing through robber- These have gradually yielded to the infested territory in safety, to this stronger Chinese and now live entirely Szemao district while the Listi Chrisin the mountains, ruled and despised tians held on in prayer. The first by the more dominant race. They "news from the front" brought word have maintained their own customs of one family turned from idolatry. and beliefs, and no two tribes are alike In ten days came news of mne more in these respects. One such aboriginal families, and at the end of a month's tribe is called the Black Miao. Their effort the total reached twenty-one religion is chiefly demon worship, and families. The number continued to their whole life is tinged with a fear mount until it has now reached 120. of these vindictive beings, thought to This, to be sure, does not mean that be the spirits of the dead, and all the the entire 120 families have become more terri,ble because unseen. The saints, but does mean that they have Miao believe that the demons when taken an open stand against idolatry offended call down punishment in the and have begun to study Christian form of sickness and that the only teaching. method of treating sickness is by sacrifice. Every door has some reminder A Chinese Christian General of, this worship–some blood-stained feathers on the door-post, a pair of GENERAL FENG YU-HSIANG, buffalo horns on the door-step, a pole a Chinese Christian, has notified standing in the corner with paper streamers; and along the road are his Government that he cannot take wretched straw effigies of men, mud part in the Civil War that is now gofigures of tigers pierced through with ing on. Bishop Norris, of North spears and many such objects which China, says that this Chinese General speak of an effort to find peace in the is a most earnes[ convert to Christianmidst of terrors. There is no belief ity and is a member of the Methodist in the goodness of any demon, but Episcopal Church. He was attracted there is a belief in one great, supreme by the meetings held by Mr. Sherwood lord of heaven, "the thunderer," a be- Edd.y in Peking soOme four years ~aggoo,, ing with perfect knowledge and unlim- and It was as a result of these meeeet1tiln1gs ited power. But it is be1ieved that he that he embraced Christianity. We only wish that all Christian Generals in all parts of the world could imitate this courageous stand made by this'

11991188]] NNEEWWSS FFRROOMM MMAANNYY LLAANNDDSS 887733

nneeww ccoonnvveerrtt aaggaaiinnsstt CCiivviill WWaarr aanndd,, iiff bbyy MMrr.. AAuurreellll,, ~~hhee BBiibbllee SSoocciieettyy''ss nneecceessssaarryy;; aaggaaiinnsstt eevveerryy wwaarr.. TThhiiss iiss aaggeenntt:: AA nnoottoonnooqqss ccrriimmiinnaa11 ccaassee wwhhaatt wwee hhaavvee aallwwaayyss ccaalllleedd!! tthhee tthheeoorryy ~~aass ffiilllliinngg tthhee nneewwssppaappeerrss wwiitthh sseennssaa– aanndd pprraaccttiiccee ooff OOrriieennttaall CChhrriissttiiaanniittyy.. btioonn uuppoonn sseennssaattiioonn wwhheenn,, aallmmoosstt·· aatt -The Christian Patriot. tthh.ee mmoommee~ntt wwhheenn tthhee mmaann cchhaarrggeedd WwiIthh tthhee ccrnimm~~ "",,::,,aass aabboouutt ttoo bbee hhaanngg– JJAAPPAANN–CCHHOOSSEENN eedd,, tt..hhee rreeaall ccnnmmmmaall ccoonnffeesssseedd,, ggiivviinngg CChhrriissttiiaanniittyy DDeemmoonnssttrraatteedd aass hhIiSS rreeaassoonn ffoorr ddooiinngg ssoo tthhaatt hhee hhaadd found God. One of the lawyers in THE American Baptist Foreign charge of the case, althou/th himself Mission Society is carrying on a not a Christian, summed up the mat- ter by saying: work of far-reaching importance through the TDokyo Misaki Taber- "Well, :rou may say what you will nacle. The location of this institu- ?ut there IS some power in Christiantion in the heart of the Orient's me- Ity. The man is utterly changed. tropolis is especially strategical since When on~ sees him in prison one feels on one side lies the business secti'On, that one '1S comforted by the sight of on another the G'Overnment Arsenal, the radiant face he bears rather than with its ten thousand empl'Oyees, and that one goes to comfort him. He is on still another side solid blocks 'Of not an educated man and has lived a . homes and shops extend fDor miles. In whole life of crime. He is facing addition, the ward in which the Taber- inev~table death. But what does that nacle stands contains a student popu- matter? 'God has given me life– lation of 40,000 and within a radius His life, and nothing can take that of six blocks are more than thirty institutions for higher education. away.' He has his Bible by him c.on- stantly. He reads other Christian The aim is to minister to the whole books, but reads them once and man and to serve the whole commun- then lays them aside. The Bible is ity, but through all the activities the sufficient for him and Chrislt his Savevangelistic element is emphasized. iour is all in al1."-Record of Chris- Educating, serving, evangelizing are tian Work. the watchwords of the program. The following schedule will give an idea A Native Literature for Korea of the range of activities being carried on from seven a. m. tiN ten at night, pRROOBBAABBLLY there is not another ?seven days in the week, fifty-two weeks mission field in the world where min the year: Preaching services; Bible Classes; ~Suunnddaayy School work; night a people with a civilization equal to schools; kmindergarteenn;; public leocttUulr'es ;; t?at of Korea has as small a Christian nurses' neighborhood visiting; chil- hlItteerraature. The explanation is perhaps dren's day nursery; free legal advice !~ be ,foun~ in the unusual opportunbureau and children's play ground. ItbIes for diIrect, personal work which There are other special features, such Korea has afforded. But now that as the Men's Friendly Society and this enterprising little country has Workingmen's Wdfare Work. All been opened to every variety of inthis work centers around that of the flue~ce, good and bad, one can easily Central Baptist Church, of which Rev. see. s?oa.Js abead, and something very R. Nakijima is pastor. posIltbive mIII the way of deVveloping char- act~r and molding the thought of the JPrison Conversion in Japan AnaanttIIOeovnerbienccormeaessinagnnuumrgbeenr tofdKKemmoorraaenenadd~n. APAN has twenty-seven prisons students is go}ng to Japan, becoming and the American Bible Society conversant WiIth Japanese literature has supplied Bibles for 25,000 inmates ~nd whil.e there is much in this that of these prisons. Many conversions IISS eelleevvaattimng,, tthheerree iiss ttoooo mmuucchh tthhaatt ooff ccrriimmiinnaallss hhaavvee rreessuulltteedd ffrroomm rreeaadd– wwiiIIII ppooiissoonn tthhee tthhoouugghhtt ooff tthhoossee it iinngg tthheessee BBiibblleess,, bbuutt nnoonnee aarree mmoorree rreeaacchheess.. rreemmaarrkkaabbllee tthhaann tthhee ffoolllloowwiinngg,, ttoolldd

It is in view of all this that it has worker. Wherever he goes he can been decided to ask that Rev. W. M. command an audience and everywhere Clarke, a missionary of wide exper- has the entree among the Copts in ience, devote all his time to literary their churches. As secretary of the work. With Mr. Clark are to be as- Movement, therefore, he is able to exsociated a young missionary and a tend its influence and organization Korean graduate of Yale University; among the younger lertders of the and their work will be the creation of Coptic church, who already are the a clean, healthy, Korean literature, leaven in the old church." biography, fiction and history, in order The Movement is well organized to keep aloft the spirit of the Korean and is preparing to make use of the printed pa:ge, of conventions, every Christian Church. member canvasses and other methods THE Education of Korean Girls well known in America, Ibut alto- question of female education gether· foreign to the East.

in Korea has passed the experi- mental stage and has become an es- Christian Endeavor in Egypt tablished fact, thanks to the teaching THE Christian Endeavor Society of of the missionaries. For centuries the Assiut College, Egypt, is only ethics of Confucius had relegated four years old, yet it has behind it an woman to the wash-tub; and schools inspiring record of usefulness and for girls, up to a few years ago, were service. The Brotherly Love Com- not so much as thought of. Today, mittee, with Rev. Neal McClanahan, no school for girls in Korea is large the college pastor at its head, visits enough to accommodate all who wish all the dormitories, sowing the seeds to attend. of Christian love. Further than that The problem now is one of method they waited on tables in order to dig- and curriculum, for Korean girls must nify labor and show sympathy with be educated so as to fit them for their those in poorer circumstances. The place in Korean homes. To teach Charitable Committee, through offer- them astronomy and geometry will ings varying from half a cent to two not serve this end so well as industrial cents, collected the sum of $70 the training, and there are many fields past year to help those in need among with splendid possibilities of .develop- the students. These donations rep- ment, such as silk-worm culture, resented very genuine sacrifice. The weaving and the various handicrafts. Prayer-meeting and Morning Watch Committees are doing much to de- AFRICA velop the spiritual life of the students, A Laymen's Missionary Convention in thus preparing them to be the church- Egypt workers of the future.

THE first Laymen's Missionary Convention in Egypt was held Sunday School in Shulla Land last April in Assiut. Alexan Bey, a THE only Sunday-school among the wealthy landowner, presided, and ex- Shullas of Doleib Hill has been in cept for the pastor and the missionary existence about a year and was organ:"

speaker, Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, all ized at the request of three natives the addresses were given by laymen. who said they did not want their Dr. Zwemer writes that "it was in- children to grow up like animals.

spiring to hear the task of the lay- It was a little difficult at first to per- men in Egypt carefully defined and suade these children to come into pressed home with Oriental eloquence "the house of the foreigner" ; but their by such a leader of men as Sheikh fear once banished the next difficulty Mitry Dewairy. He is co-editor of was to induce them to sit still. Some the leading Christian paper in the of them had attended church services, Nile valley and a ,great Sunday-school but always accompanied by their eld-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ers, who 1,1sually brought clubs along Missionary Alliance on the Dark Con- Atinent with them. No stipulations have been FEW years ago the attention of made as to clothes. One Sunday a English-speaking people was three-year-old urchin appeared at the drawn to an ecclesiastical controversy gate and his clothes consisted of a in Kikuyu, British East Africa. This string of beads. He refused to come in because of his fear that he would controversy arose over the participanot be admitted and this gave an op- tion in administering the Lord's Sup- portunityfor an explanation that per of missionary clergymen not episclothes will not admit one into the copally ordained, an irregularity kingdom of heaven. against which the Bishop of Zanzibar appealed to the Archbishop of Canter- Only once during the year did at- bury, whereupon a 'heated discussion tendance fail, and the death of a cow sprang up in the horne field, Now this was the cause! When asked why they well known missionary center of Kikfailed to come, the children said they uyu sets an example in unity. The did not think there would be any Anglican bishops of Uganda, Momschool when anything' so momentous basa and Zanzibar, together with the as the death of a cow had taken place! heads of various missionary organiza- tions, met in conference to consider Three of the children are now will- plans for co-operation and union in ing to lead in prayer and this is a that important region of the Dark long step in advance when one consid- Continent. A representative Council ers that only three of the elders al'e was formed and an agreement reached Christians and all their ancestors not to rest until all the Christian pagans.

AThe Bible Speaks in Nyasaland forces in that section should become PARTY of missionaries of the a united church of Europeans and DIU~ch Reformed Church were natives, Educational, social and sent to a distant pal't of Nyasaland to medical work is also to be united and seek a suitable spot at which to es- an annual conference held. Thus a tablish a new mission. After traveling vast and difficult mission field, face to for many days they came upon a na- face with militant Mohammedanism, has come to the front in co-operation tive reading a book and on their ap- on a large scale.

proach they found the man was read- ing a copy of the New Testament in Possibilities in Portuguese East Africa the Nyanja language. This man was IN S;entral Afri~a,. near the river the village chief and when asked how ShIre, where mIssIonary work was he came into possession of such a book begun only recently, sixteen or eight- he told the astonished travelers of his een schools have already been es- long journey on foot to work in the tablished and a large number of peo- Johannesburg mines and of his sur- ple who had scal'cely ever Iseen a prise to find there that a book could Gospel messenger and who only two speak. At one of the night schools of or three years ago had never seen the mines he had learned to read, and a printed page, are now beginning better stilI had learned of the Gospel, to read the Bible for themselves. This so that when he returned to his far district harbors a large group of ref- away horne he took with him' a copy ugees who have crossed the boundary of the Nyanja Testament. There he from Portuguese territory and are in was, studying the word of God 1,800 a pathetically destitute condition, suf- miles from the place where it was fering from disease and on the verge bought. He joyously received the mis- of starvation. The missionaries are sionaries and offered his village as a thus brought face to face with the center for the new mission. after-the-war program, which they

hope will result in carrying the Gospel repeated word by word several times into Portuguese East Africa. over, and then explained in their own This country is not behind in the tongue. The older men know their matter of patriotism. Thousands of Bibles well, and are able to relate the Inhambane natives have gone to many of the Bible stories. When the front as soldiers or carriers and Peter Abuofa first listened to a les- many have given up their lives even son from the Gospel of Mark he said: though German propaganda reached "This is good. Before there was plenty them promising less work, more pay of food in God's Word, but the inter- and exemption from tax. Among preter did not know how to cook it those who have gone to the front are properly, and we all had to go hun- many Christian lads. The army of- gry."

ficials recognize their superiority and have put them in places of command Schools Crowded in the Philippines and trust. These Christian boys are EDUCATIONAL progress in the not forgetting their allegiance to the Philippines is a continual sur- King of Kings and whenever possible prise to those who have not followed they take with them a copy of the closely the work of the schools in our New Testament in their own lan- island dependencies. Even to those guage. The real meaning of democ- who are familiar with what has been racy is not very dear to them, but they done under government control and have an inherent sense that the princi- inspiration, it may come as new in- ples of justice are best for the world. formation that 30,000 children will en-· roll in the city schools of Manila for ISLANDS OF THE SEA the coming term and that over 3,000 The Gospel on Mala are temporarily without accommoda- T HE wildest and most thickly popu- tions until new quarters can be ar- lated of the Solomon Islands is ranged.

Mala, with its area of about two hun- The University of the Philippines dred square miles and some 30,000 in- has opened a two years' pre-medical habitants. In the extreme northern extension course in connection with the part of this island is the district known Southern Islands hospital at Cebu that as Malu, and here the Gospel was first may eventually develop into a southbrought by a native missionary, Peter ern university. There has long been a Abuofa, by name. Peter became a strong demand for such an institution Christian th1'Ough the Queensland in the South, and it is thought that Kanaka Mission, and through his ef- Cebu offers many advantages for the forts the Gospel has spread along all establishment of a university. the north coast of Mala until to-day Another evidence of progress along he is the head of a Christian commun- educational lines is the announcement ity of a,bout 900 persons. This Malu that girls are hereafter to be admitted district contains about thirty-five to the courses of instruction given by Christian villages, all incorporated in the Manila Y. M. C. A. the South Sea Evangelical Mission; I and each viIage ha.s its own little Teaching the Moros Industry church built of bamboo and thatched N writing of the Agricultural with sago palm. There are still many School among the Moros in the heathen villages in the Malu country Philippine Island of J010, the Reverend and since the heathen will not tolerate R. T. McCutchen points out that while Christians living in the same v:i1lages the Mohammedan is rather suspicious with theni, intercourse between the of his new neighbors he is very quick two groups is not easy. . to appreciate the value of the training In Malu, every Christian man has which the boys are receiving. Any his own English Bible, in which he one familiar with :the indolent. habits marks and follows the text. This is of these natives would be surprised at

1918J • NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the progress the school has been able as a translator of the New Testament to make in the short period of its ex- into Panjabi, and his Panjabi gram- istence. At the beginning, many of mar is additional proof of his knowl- the boys left rather than work, but edge of that language. He made con- later returned and have grown from tributions also to Urdu literature, and thin, listless individuals to be stout, wrote a few hymns in Urdu.

robust boys taking great interest in all sorts of athletics, farm work and even Dr. W. F. Armstrong of Burma in their academic studies. The in- THE death of Dr. W. F. Armstrong fluence of the school is being felt in Rangoon, Burma, on May 4, throughout the community in which 1918, marked the close of a mission- it is situated. The parents visit the ary service extending over a period boys' at frequent intervals and famil- of forty-five years. Dr. Armstrong iarize themselves with modern meth- was born in Nova Scotia, and after ods, and have taken away the seeds of a pastorate there during which he fruit and vegetables, and a great many devoted much time to work among bushels of seed corn. The Moro is ex- Indians, he was sent by the Canadian ceedingly slow to adopt new ideas or Baptist Church, with two others, to friends, and so it will take time to select a location for foreign mission change his ways. He is, however, in- work. They first came to Burma, terested when he sees results, and will thinking to establish a mission try to imitate. among the Karens of Siam, but the American Baptist Telugu mission OBITUARY NOTES sent an invitation to the three Cana- Murray Scott Frame of China dians to come to South India and take REV. Murray Scott Frame, mis- over a part of their field. Thus it sionary to China of the American was that they were among the found- Board, died in Peking, on June 5, from ers of the Canadian Baptist Mission.

typhus fever. Mr. Frame was just Dr. Armstrong saw a large exten- completing his first term of missionary sion of the work in Rangoon. It has service and was on his way home when expanded to include the races of a sudden attack of fever resulted fatal- North India as well as South India.

ly. After a period of service as teacher In addition to his work in the Mission; in Forman Christian College, Lahore, Dr. Armstrong served as acting pas- India, Mr. Frame was appointed a tor of English Baptist churches on missionary of the American Board in different occasions, and of. late years China and was located at Tung'hsien spent a part of his time in literary until 1917, then in Peking until his work, one result of which was a series death. of tracts for educated Moslems.

!' . j' -ii. ,~-!Tf.It]II Rev. E. P. Newton of India John W. Stevenson of China REV. Edward Payson Newton, a THE Rev. John W. Stevenson, the missionary to India for forty- Deputy Director of the China In- three years, died at J alaipur J attan, land Mission, died in Shanghai on Panjab, on April 10th. Mr. Newton August 15. Mr. Stevenson came from was the youngest of four missionary Scotland to China during the Taiping sons of Dr. John Newton, who with Rebellion in 1865. For over thirty Dr. C. W. Forman, founded the La- years he had lived in Shanghai, and hore station of the American Presby- few travelers passed through that terian Mission. His field of service city without seeking his advice and was in the Ludhiana district. Mr.. help. For some years, Mr. Steven- Newton was not only an effective son was stationed at Bhamo, Upper preacher; he gave much time to Burma, so that at the time of his founding and maintaining schools. death he had rounded out fifty-three He will be best remembered, however, years of missionary service.

MXSSIONAR.Y IJBRAro

The Eclipse of Russia. By Dr. E. ]. ine that rage,d in Russia during the Dillon. 8vo, 422 pp. $4.00 net. George H. Doran Company. New York. previous years. He visited the famine- stricken sections, endeavored to dis- O F .the mul~itude of ~rite~s on Rus- cover the reasons for the canditions SIan affaIrs Dr. DIllon IS perhaps that existed, and, also to' understand the most thoroughly informed outside the inner life of the people themselves. of Russia itself. He was a personal Be visited not only in the highest friend and trusted adviser of the official circles, but also among the great Russian statesman, Witte, and peasants, and among the reformers, the sharer of his confidences. In nine- such as Tolstoi, in order to catch their teen chapters, he reviews the course spirit. This spirit he has revealed in of Russian history during the last the story which he tells. twenty years, a record at onceim- In speaking of the causes of the unpressive and! saddening. Dr. Dillon's rest in Russia, he calls attention to the picture of the late Tsar shaws a man fact that the Russian Empire, with the of unrelieved weakness, cunning and populatian of 180 millions, embraces treachery. The revelations of Rus- more than one-half af Eurape and sian psychology are wanderful thaugh ane-third of Asia, an area of 8,647,657 mysterious, and inexplicable to the square miles. European Russia alone Western mind. Men, like Father contains a papula1'ion, in the fifty prov- Gapon, and the mysterious mank, inces, of 120 millions, of wham about Rasputin, are depicted with clear in- one-half are of the dependent peasant sight. class. This being the case, he claims In this welter af moral confusion that it is not difficult to realize the and palitical chicanery ane thing im- dangers that would beset the way of presses the reader beyand everything one man ordained by the law af heredielse, the imperaJtive need of the sim- tary m~)llarchy, to govern and sustain ple, strong gospel af Christ far Rus- so vast a realm. sia. Dr. Dillan sees nO' hope in Bal- The book reveals Mr. Reeves' proshevikism, which is rightly described phetic insight, for he made his obseras "Tsarism upside down." The Rus- vations and reached conclusions a long sian Church has failed miserably, and time prior to the breaking out of the the time has come when the pure anarchy which has now devastated teaching of Scripture must be pro- Russia. And, for this reason, his conclaimed to' enlighten and empower the clusians not only have fascination, but peaple and to' give that magnificent special interest. country a hopeful future.

Dr. Dillon is perhaps unduly pes- Beginnings in India. By Eugene Stock, simistic in parts, but his story is at D. C. L. 16mo, 124 pp. 80 cents net. once able and fascinating, and packpd Society for Promoting Christian with information. DR.Knowledge: London, 1917. STOCK is perhaps the only writer who 'in the brief compass Russia Then and Now. By Francis B. Reeves. 8vo, 186 pp. $1.50 net. G. P. of this booklet could have corralled MMPutnam's Sons, New York, 1918. so many important facts, at the same UCB light is here thrown upon time -giving life and order to the mis- the conditions which preceded cellaneous assemblage. The "begin- the tragic dawnfall and disintegra- nings" are those of Anglican Mis- tion of the Russian autocracy. The sions, but even with this limitation, author went to Russia in 1892, to su- most authors would have narrated pervise the delivery and distributian literally the uninspiring story of early af the cargo sent by the citizens of efforts of the Church of India. In- Philadelphia to the victims of the fam- stead, the author has selected for his readers-the young people of the interest of the baok, as it describes in Church of England~he first en- its variaus chapters the close relationdeavors in differing movements in ship that there is between the Mexican the program of the Church Mission- and the American interests. There ary Society and the Society for the have been many charges made by the Propagation of the Gospel in India. enemies Df the United States that it was their purpose to. explait Mexican The subjects chosen are the first industries, and that their canduct was Anglican Mission, first work in Ben- not based upon the high ideals which gal, first bishops, first Christian vil- were openly proclaimed to be those lages, first educational missions, first of this Government, in relation to Indian clergy, first work in the Pun- neighboring peoples. jab, first work in <three great cities, Delhi, Cawnpore and Lucknow; first Mr. Barran's book gives a clear work among the hill tribes, Santals, statement on this point. It shows that Kols, Gonds andl Bhils; first work American interests cannot be regarded among women, first divinity colleges, as the basis and cause af the disorder first medical missions, first university in Mexico, but rather that the estabmissions, first effort to revive the an- lishment of safe and sound business cient Syrian Church, traditionally methods and business relationships founded by St. Thomas, and the first will work to the redemption of Mexico, steps taward an Indian Church. far more than political interference.

With the well-known cathalicity af Mr. Barron has covered a large field Dr. Stack, full credit is given to. other of investigation in concise and direct pioneers than the Anglicans, and es- form. With numerous illustrations, pecially does he bear willing testi- the boak is written in a manner in many to. the signal services to. mis- which even the non-business man can sions of certain civil and military easily understand. Its reading would rulers of India who have been de- be a corrective to many of the false vatedUy Christian. and hasty opinions which have been formed as to. the future of the Mex- The book keeps the mind alert ican people. It will easily take its through its chapter introductians with place as one of the tracts for the times, curiasity excited or problems sug- which shauld be read by those who are gested, but "The Ramance of Mis- trying to understand a people emergsians," wauld have been realized bet- ing from superstition and ethical laxter had half the men and movements ity. been omitted, thus allDwing space for the fuller and more colorful picturing Santo Domingo, a Country with a Future. of the mast important persans and By Otto Schoenrich. IlIus., map, 8vo, il~cidents connected with these begin- xiv, 418 pp. $3.00. The Macmillan nmgs. .Company. New York, 1918.

Non-Anglican Americans knaw tDa THOUGH the Dominican Republic little of the Church of England's work is so near our own shores and is at in Inelia to read into this sketch the present under the provisional adminislines that have been left out. tration of the United States, not one intelligent man in a thousand knows The Mexican Problem. By C. W. BarrDn. anyt'hing in dletail concerning it. This 12mD, 136 pp. $1.00. HDughton, Mifflin is largely due to the lack of literature & CD., BDston, 1918. relating to the Republic, a lack which the present volume attempts to make T HE problem of Mexico is here pre- good. The author has had excep- sented fram a business man's tional oppartunities that. prepare him for his work, particularly his many paint of view. So. clas.ely does the years' residence in Latin America and authar canfine himself to this line of thought, that same view the boak as his relation as secretary to the United a special pleading for particular industries. This· fact, even if it should be States commissioner to investigate true, would not take away from the Dominican finance and also to the Do- Wesleyan, African Methodist-the minican minister of finance himself. word "African" is deprecated-and When' Columbus sailed along the Baptist faiths are well spoken of, shores of this land in December, 1492, though only very briefly. Politics are and admired the charms of the tropi- feeble because of the absence in the cal island, he little imagined that it three parties of principles, the per- was to witness his greatest sorrows sonality of leaders being the main and to become his final resting place point of attachment. The evolution -the latter at least is the author's of a revolution is almost humorous as pronouncement after reviewing the here described; yet Mr. Schoenrich greatly controverted question in chap- believes that the Republic's troubles ter XVII. In a hundred pages of are all due to such uprisings and con- most interesting history, Espanola's sequent oiv,il disorder. He asserts early fortunes and later Indian trag- that with a strong hand like that of edies are described, followed by the United States guiding its affairs, sketches of the first and second re- the mineral resources of this country, publics and American influence down the courtesy and hospitality of its peo- to the present year. Chapters VII-X, ple and the development of its agri- XIV, XV, appeal to geographers and cultural resources, will make ancient trade promoters, but the remaining Espanola one of the richest gardens portions are interesting to the general of the West Indies. But, while he reader. The unoffici<!l estimate of does not so assert, Protesta1ll1: influ- population 111 1917 was 795,432, ences are needed in this reconstruc- which the author would' reduce to tion and will be a more potent influ- 715,000. ence for good than in the past.

Because of the friendship of the great Roman missionary, Las Casas, "The Least of These"-in Colombia. By for the rapidly disappearing, over- Maude Newell Williams. Illus., 12mo, worked Indian, negro slaves were in- 183 pp. $1.25 net. Fleming H. Revell troduced to supply .the labor market. Co. New York, 1918. Today pure-blooded members of that race constitute about one-fourth of I F one wishes to know the real exthe inhabitants, the great majority of periences of a missionary in South the popUlation being oJ mixed Span- America, let that one read this colish and African blood. The blacks do lection of sketdhes. Mrs. Williams is .,lOst of the menial lahor, though they the wife of a Presbyterian missionary are found in all grades of society and in charge of the Collegia Americano are often in the cabinet of the Re- at Bogota. She describes in vivid, public; indeed, several of the presi- colorful st0I1ies, her experiences with dents, notably Lupel'on and Heu- the people-her servants, acquaintreaux, have been negroes. They are ances, pupils; in city and country; robust and sturdy and in coumesy re- among high and low. They are inmind one of our plantation negroes forming and intensely interesting before the Civil War. Despite the sketches, full of humor and pathos African admixture, Spanish person- and sometimes tragedy. If a houseality survives, and the popUlation is wife at home thinks her servant probas' decidedly Spanish as that of Cuba and Porto Rico. Chapter XI is full lem difficult let her read the chapters on Dominga, Rosario, PabIa and Co- lombian servants. Noone can doubt in its discussion of the people and is atter reading these well-written interesting reading. So, too, is the sketches that Colombians need the account given of the prevalent Cath- missionaries, and no one can fail to olic faith, which influences govern- sympathize deeply with the mission- ment, one of the former presidents be- aries who go there to work among ing the present head of the Dominican the people in spite of great opposition Church. Protestant missions of the and in ,the midst of many hardships. Writing That Is Different THE RED TRIANGLE Multiplex W HICH is meaning so much to "our boys" here and "over Hammond there" has been serving men and boys for fifty years. An essential feature Chanae :Jour Type in an Instant from one .lyle of its work is the promotion of books or language to another of inspiration and instruction pre- pared by trained men. A typical illustration is MORALSAND MORALE By LUTHER HALSEY GULICK, M. D.

Two different styles of Shortly befor-e his recent sudden death, Dr. Gulick type always in the mach- returned from abroad. This book, which des("ribes ine-"Just turn the Knob" his experiences with the American Expeditionary SPecigZ ~ype-sets for Forces in France, deals especially with the reiatiofl every bus~ness, every of morality to fighting efficiency. ($1.00). Za,nguage, ever;y professton,every sctence. An}! Many other books-timely, helpful- ~ype may be substitutea 1n a few seconds. are published by the publication de- partment of the YM CA"~tI.I..I..Iw!mIoJ" ASSOCIATION PRESS PURPOSE VI 347 Madison Ave., N. Y.

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With Christian Worker's Magazine. . 4.00 3.00 Edited by James M. Gray. The valuable monthly organ of the Moody Bible Institute.

With Everyland . . . . . . . . 4.00 3.25 Edited by Miss Susan Mendenhall. An illustrated monthly Missionary Magazine for Children.

With Record of Christian Work . . 4.50 3.75 Edited by W. R. Moody. A monthly magazine published at Northfield, Massachusetts. Devotional and Practical.

With Sunday School Times 4.25 3.75 Edited by Charles G. Trumbull. The most helpful of all the Sunday-school papers,.

With Christian Herald . . . . . 4.50 3.75 Edited by Geo. H. Standison. A Pictorial Popular Weekly. 3.00 With World Outlook. . . . . . . 4.00 Edited by Willard Price. A valuable Pictorial and Mission- . ary Monthly, published by the Methodist Episcopa,l church.

With Denominational Weeklies or Monthlies whose price is $2.00 we will combine with the Missionary Review for $4.00; those whose price is $2.50, $4.50; those whose price is $3.00, $5.00; those whose price is $3.50, $5.50.

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XIII

New Books on Missions Christian Democracy for America. By Russia in UpheavaL By Edward Als- David D. Forsyth and Ralph W. Keel- worth Ross. $2.50. The Century Com- er. 220 pp. $0.75. The Methodist Book pany. New York. 1918. Concern. 1918. The Eclipse of Russia. By E. J. Dillon. The Christian Crusade for World De- 8vo. 422 pp. $4.00. Gee> B. Doran. mocracy. By S. Earl Taylor and H. New York. 1918. E. Luccock. 204 pp. $0.50. The Methodist Book Concern. 1918. The Dramatization of Bible :stories. By Elizabeth Erwin Miller. 16mo. 157 pp. Money, the Acid Test. By David Mc- $1.00. The University of Chicago Press. Conaughy. 12mo. 193 pp. Laymen's 1918. Missionary Movement. 1918. Backgrounds for Social Workers. By The Oregon Missions. By J. W. Bash- Edw. ]. Menge. $1.50. The Gorham ford. 12mo. 311 pp. $1.25. The Ab- Press. Boston. 1918. ingdon Press, New York. 1918.

The Development of Japan. By K. S. On the Manuscripts of God. By Ellen Latourette. 237 pp. $1.50. MacMil- Burns Sherman. 12mo. 184 pp. $1.00. lan, New York. 1918. The Abingdon Press. ~ew York. 1918.

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XlVI

:~ 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111115 I——- .~~~~~T~~JJ i——- :: MISSIONARY ANNIVERSARIES, NOVEMBER, 1918. :: – — ~ Oct. 31st to' Nav. 1st-Fiftieth Anniversary Hampton Institute. Hamptan, Va. – – :: 1st, 1858-Queen Victaria assumed rule over India. 60th anniversary. See "Life of :: ~ ~ Alexander Duff" by Smith. § ~ 4th, 1803-Birth af Sarah Baardman Judsan. 115th anniversary. See "Life af Adaniram § -:: Judsan" by Edward Judson. -:: 4th, 18I8–0rdinatian af Pliny Fisk. l00th anniversary. See "Fifty-three Years in :: :: -:: Syria" by Jessup. -:: 5th, 1838–0rdinatian af Dactar Daniel B. Bradley in Siam. 80th anniversary. See :: :: -:: -:: "The Encyclapedia af Missians." 5th, 185'8-Jahn ·G. Patan began" wark at Tanna.· 60th anniversary. See "The Auta- :: :: biagraphy af Jahn G. Patan. -:: -:: 6th, 1854-F1arence Nightingale arrived. at the Crimea. – – 6th, 1878–Arrival af Alexander Mackay at Rubaga, capital af Uganda. 40th anniversary. See "Mackay pf Uganda" by His Sister.

8th, 190B-Great meetings at Menga Cathedral attended by the kings of Uganda, Bun- yaro, Ankale anc! T<>ra. 10th anniversary. See THE MISSIONARY REVIEW, April, 1909, page 315.

10th, 1828–Death af Lat Cary. 90th anniversary. See "Heraes and Martyrs of the Missianary Enterprise.

10th, 187l-Livingstane faund by Henry M. Stanley.

– 11th, 1793-Carey landed at Calcutta. 125th anniversary. See "The Encyclapedia af – Missians."

:: 11th, 1853-Livingstane began his jaurney fram Linyanti to' St. Paul de Laanda. 65th -:: :: anniversary. See "Persanal Life of David LivingstO'ne" by Blaikie. :: -=:: 15th, 17~8-:-De~~h O'f Hans Ec!ege. 160th anniversary. See "The Encyclapedia O'f =:: -= M1SS1-ons. -E= § 17th, 1808–Death af David Zeisberger. llOth anniversary. See "Life af David Zeis- berger" by BishO'p de Schweinitz. -:: -:: :: 17th, 185B-William Duncan O'pened his first schaal far the Tsimshean Indians at Fart -:: :: Simpson. 60th anniversary. See liThe Apostle of Alaska" by Arctander. -:-===: -:: 17th to' 24th-Week af Prayer far Harne MissiO'ns. :: -== 22nd, 180~Bi:rth a"f Dactar H. G. O. Dwight. 115th anniversary. See "The Encyclopedia -:: -=:: of MISSIons. :: 22nd, 1883-CO'rO'natian O'f Ranavalana III., Christian queen af Madagascar. 35th anni- -:: -:: versary. See "Thirty Years in Madagascar" by Matthews. 26th, 1868–EmperO'r of Japan publicly entered TakiO' and set up his thrane. 50th anni- :: -=:: versary. See "Regeneratian af Japan" by Carey.

28th, 1863-DoctO'r GeO'rge E. Past landed in Syria. 55th anniversary. See "Fifty-three " :: Years in Syria" by Jessup. :: 5= =E 29th, 1758–Death af Experience Mayhew. 160th anniversary. See "Protestant Missions" = = by ThompsO'n. === ==5 – – ?1II11111II11111111II11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111fJmulti., -5 = = ~llllllllllIllIIlIlIlIlIlllllllllllllllllIIlIlIIlIlIlllllIlllllllIIlIIlIml 1111II1I1IIIIlllllllllllnnl1l1l11nnnmnnn"! 5 =__1 Missionary Personal~ ==1 =_ REV. JOHN McDOWELL, D.D., pastor of the Brown Memorial Church of Baltimore, = has been appointed Director of War Industries of the Y. M. C. A. War Council. His ==_- duties include the oversight of the Association's activities and preaching in the various =__=_- places where munitions are made.

==:_ MR. B. .cARTER MILLIKIN, Educational Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of == =_===_=~ Foreign Missions, who accompanied the Red Cross Commission with the rank of Captain, is remaining in Cairo as a special representative of the Commission.

====_== paignCAoPfTAthINe CDoAmNmIEiLtteCeOUoVnE,thoef CthhuercFhreesncahndAMrmoyr,atisAiimn sAomfetrhicea Wtaor~assCisht aipnlatinheCcoaumve- is a leader of French Protestantism. He visited the United States in 1912 as a member of the Continuation Committee of the Edinburgh Conference on Foreign Missions.

REV. EGBERT W. SMITH, D.D., Secretary of the Southern Presbyterian Board of ====== Foreign Missions, has sailed for the Orient for an unhurried inspection of all the === mission stations of the Southern Presbyterian Church in Korea, North and Mid-China :: and Ja'pan. He plans to hold at each station a conference of all the missionaries, cover- :: §=_- ing every phase of missionary life and activity. =======_= DR. ]. F. LOVE, of the Southern Baptist Foreign Mission Board, is visiting the mission stations of the Southern Convention in the Orient.

= REV. JOSEPH CLARK, a veteran of the Baptist Mission in the .congo, has returned to his station in Africa. Mr. Clark has spent the past fwo years in the home field as ~ district secretary of the Foreign Mission Society for Illinois.

MR. HARRY S. MEYERS has resigned as secretary of the Missionary Education Move- ment to take up work overseas for fhe Y. M. C. A. War Work Council.

MR. GEORGE B. HUNTINGTON has been unanimously selected as treasurer of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society. He has been secretary in the foreign department for a number of years and will continue, as in former years, to prepare the detailed schedule of appropriations for foreign fields.

_ DR. EDMUND F. COOK has resigned as Director of the Missionary Course in the _ Moody Bible Institute in order to ·accept the presideney of the Scarritt Bible Institute of Kansas City.

=_ REV. WALTER B. WILLIAMS, missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Nana Kru, liberia, has been honored by the President of the Republic of Monrovia with the title, "Knight Official of the Humane Order for the Redemption of Africa." Mr.

Williams esteems this mark of respect, but feels that the welfare laws which he induced ====_ the President to pass count for more.

DR. JOHANNES LEPSIUS, formerly Director of the German-Orient Mission and a well-known member of the Edinburgh Missionary Conference, is reported to have been shot by the German government because of his fearless denunciation of the Armenian maSSacres and his accusation of German responsibility for them. There are probably _ _ other Germans of fine Christian spirit who have met a like fate because they could _ not be silenced.

DR. LEURING, formerly a missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Board of Foreign =_~ Missions in Malaysia, is reported to have been taken as a German spy and shot by the British. Dr. Leuring was a German by birth, and interested in work among the head- hunters of Borneo~ MRS. CHARLES A. DOUGLAS, of Teheran, Persia, who contracted typhus fever while engaged in relief wo1rk, is in the United States to rest and regain strength. Her husband succumbed to the same disease.

PROF. EDMUND D. SOPER, of Drew Theological Seminary, DR. HENRY H. MEYER, editor of Sunday-school publications and others, formed a deputation which sailed for Korea, China and Japan in September to carryon a campaign extending over three or four months in the interest of the Methodist Centenary. = = REV. ROBERT SWALLOW, M.D., missionary to China of the United Methodist Free Churches of Great Britain since 1874, has been given permission to retire from the _ active service of his missionary ministry.

= – illlllllllllllllllll111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~ Editoria] and Business Chat (Concluded from Phge IV) This is not an expensive Christmas gift, as it comes once each month, ~nd the-war result from stimulating the brings with it messages from leadmg missionary interest of these men in missionary writers from all over the the camps. Many of th~m should g:o world. No gift could be more acout as missionaries, wIth .all theIr ceptable or of greater value to miseagerness for promoting libe~ty and sionaries so far from home.' Any righteousness among the natIOns of friends who would like to join in makthe earth .turned into eagerness ing this plan possible are invited to to promote Christian truth and write to the editor. to proclaim liberty in Christ Jesus. A CORRECTION-GERMAN MIS- SPREADING THE INSPIRATION SIONS IN CHINA A VERY encouraging development in the work of the REVIEW has E XCEPTION has been taken to a been the movement in favor of sendL statement in the July number coning a yearly subscription to every for- cerning the lack of support for Gereign mission station in the world. The man missions on account of the war. first step has been to make it possible Rev. William Lingle, a Presbyterian to send these subscriptions to the mis- missionary in Changsha, Hunan, sion stations of American societies. writes: "Here in China, the German The Missionary Review Publishing missionaries of the Berlin Missionary Company is offering a special rate at Society, the Basel Mission and the less than cost to the Mission Boards Liebenzell Mission are carrying on on condition that the REVIEW is sent their work about as usual and all their to each one of their stations. Already support comes fr~m. Ge~any. There two of the Boards have been so im- are nearly ZOO mlSSIonanes, men and pressed with this opportunity that they women, of these three societies, still have decided to pay to have the RE- working here in China. Only:in Hong- VIEW sent to each of their sta'tions. kong was their work closed…. This action has been taken with the Here in Hunan Province, in the heart conviction that money could not be of heathen China, .the missionaries of better expended for the general edu- the Liebenzell Mission are undis,turbed cation, inspiration and efficiency of and are carrying on their extension the missionaries than by putting them work alongside of the missionaries of in touch with the world-vision and the the American and other European Sospiritual uplift of the messages con- cieties. . . . If the German missiontained in the REVIEW. We have had aries in China are compelled to give a large number of letters from mis- up their work it will be not because ~f sionaries expressing their deep in- 'lack of nutrition' or because the Chldebtedness to the REVIEW for the nese are opposed to their work, but knowledge of the work in other fields, because the European Governments for the suggestions that have helped have compelled China to send them to make their own labors lighter and out of the country." more effective and for the personal blessing in their own spiritual lives. SUCCESS-FREE! Many of these missionaries feel so handicapped financially that they are TWELVE .ministers give their unable to pay for a SUbscription, but methods and results in inauguare most profoundly grateful to any friends who make it possible for them rating the tithing system in their to read the magazine month by month. churches in a small pamphlet which Other Mission Boards are planning to may be had for the asking: send the REVIEW to their stations with Mention the MISSIONARY REVIEW the co-operation of individual donors. OF THE WORLD and your denomina- tion when you send to the Layman Company, 143 North Wabash Ave., Chicago, Ill.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1893

THE QUESTION OF ENDOWING MISSION CHURCHES. [Mar<'h

MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.

VOL. XVI. No. B.-Old &ries.—MAROH. —VOL. VI. No. B.-New &riel.

THE QUESTION OF ENDOWING MISSION CHURCHES.

BY REV. EDWARD JUDSON, D.D., NEW YORK CITY.

The Christian finds himself within the large embrace of three concentric horizons. The outermost is the Spiritual Church, that vague and majestic conception which glimmers here and there in Holy Scripture and reminds us that all souls, whether dwelling on this green earth or in any other world, who turn reverently and obediently to what light they have, belong to one flock and have one Shepherd. It is not to this, of course, that the term church relates, as it occurs in the subject of our discussion. Again, there is a second religious horizon that environs us less remote and more definite. Within the Spiritual Church we find rigid ecclesiastical crystallizations, with one or another of which each one of us has come somehow or other to be identified. We are Romanist, or Anglican, or Wes- 1eyan' or Baptist, or Congregationali.st, or Presbyterian. These social organisms are called denominations or communions, and sometimes in loose and popular phrase, with slight if any vestige of scriptural warrant, churches. It is not to these religious phenomena that we refer when we speak of endowing churches. No one ever thinks, in this country at least, for instance, of endowing the Anglican communion. Our subje~t relates I'ather to what is sometimes called the local church, which constitutes our innermost ecclesiastical horizon. It includes those believers in Christ who habitually meet together for worship. They form a society into which new members are initiated by baptism. It is their custom at stated seasons to take the bread and the chalice in memory of Christ. They remind each other of His teachings, and they praise and adore the Eternal God as foreshortened and revealed to the human consciousness in His personality and character. In these ways they help one another to become like Him. Nor is this all. They endeavor to change for the better the character of the circumjacent community, which they call the world, by bringing into the consciousness of individuals those great truths concerning God and duty and the future life which Christ taught and exemphfied. This they accomplish by preaching, by private conversation, by the symbolism of the sacraments, and especially by their blameless and disinterested r.ehavior, which reflects tt.e image of their Master as the rising sun is mirrored in the glassy surface of a mountain lake. As Whit. . tier writes regarding a departed saint: "The dear Lord's best interpreters Are humble human souls; The gospel of a life like hers Is more than books or scrolls.

.. From scheme and creed the light goes out, The saintly fact survives; The blessed Master none can doubt, Revealed in holy lives."

It is regarding the local Church, then, that we pursue the inquiry whether it is desirable that it should be endowed. . Should large sums of money be bestowed for the purpose of securing to the Church a perennial revenue to be applied to its work and worship ~ It seems to me this depends upon the character of its environment. If a church is imbeddeC' in a community which is predomina.ntly Christian in its spirit, where there exists an underlying consciousness that is responsive and congenial to evangelical truth, then there may be no need of endowment. The ordinary appliances of religion-the worship, the pr.eaching, and the Sunday-schoolwill suffice; and enough decent, church-going people will nat11ralIy flow in to meet the expenses of the establishment. If, however, the Church is situated in a population the inner consciousness of which is heathenish and antagonistic to the Gospel, then will spring up the necessity of an endowment. The best appliances are requisite in the way of preaching, architecture, and music, because the Church is confronted with the difficult task of impressing and attracting those who are essentially indifferent, and even hostile. But it is so poor that it cannot meet the expenses of such appliances. And then the forces that converge against it are so tremendous that, besides paying its ordinary current expenses, it must use at least an equal sum upon its field in aggressive work, or else it will be sure to go to the walL 'Vithout endowment its outlook becomes hopeless.

It seems, then, that there are two different kinds of field open for church work. There are places where the prevailing social influences are favorable to the building up of evangelical churches. If you have a good minister, attractive music, and stately architecture, the church seems to grow itself. Real estate keeps appreciating, decent and respectable ~hurch-going people come streaming into the neighborhood, and they naturally find their way into the sacred edifices that have been prepared for their use. The minister preaches two good sermons on Sunday, delivers his midweek address, performs his round of faithful pastoral visitation, and at the end of a year or two rejoices to see his pews comfortably full. He fancies perhaps that he does it aIL But he is like a boy rowing down stream. The oars are reinforced by the steady, swift current. If he is a shrewd man he will always be careful to select a place where the social currents converge in his favor. He will call it securing a strategic position. He will never know what it is to fail. He knows how to avail himself of a general tendency. But it is as if a workman should use the strongest- tools where there was the easiest work to do, or a general were to train his heaviest guns upon the weakest point in the enemy's line, or a physician were to inject his most potent medicaments into the least dis- eased portions of his patient's body. In pursuance of this policy our evangelical churches have been steadily retreating up Manhattan Island, until it begins to look as if we were to be whipped off the field. We are like a man who in his sleep pulls the bedclothes up around his neck, leav- ing his legs stark and bare. This is not a plea for down-town churches. I am coming to feel that our hardest field is the great middle belt of our city_ If I am not mistaken, all of our churches had better reef themselves up for a long, steady blow. We have made the mistake of huddling our best preachers and our most amply equipped churches in that part of the city where they are least needed; and, on the other hand, just where the population is densest and materialism most strongly entrenched we bring to bear our cheapest and poorest gospel appliances. But the churches cannot escape the great masses which they have left behind. We catch their diseases; they have a saloon on every corner; they outvote us and control our municipal politics; while we, in our Chickering Hall confer- ences, like righteous Lot of old, vex our righteous souls day by day with the filthy conversation of the wicked.

As ancient Rome assumed such an attitude toward the rest of human- ity that she had either to conquer the world or be herself annihilated, so -the Christian Church, in her relation to the huge masses of alien and unevangelical life with which the lower parts of our great cities are being solidly packed, must either penetrate them with her spirit and sub- due them into receptiveness, or confess herself a conspicuous failure. From these ever-widening social swamps there steals upward a dense miasma, which poisons not only our municipal life, but, through that, the State and country at large. Alien forces are gradually engulfing us, as in a case of dropsy the water creeps on and up until the vitals are flooded. The conflict for Christ in the evil neighborhoods of our large cities is simply a Waterloo issue. As Goethe has it : " Thou must rise or fall, Thou must rule and win, Or else serve and lose, Suffer or triumph; Be anvil or hammer."

A church that pulls out of the slums in order to secure a more favorable and congenial environment is like the hard-pres:;ed ostrich, that hides its head in the sand from its pursuers. Such a policy is a violation of the fundamental principles of the Gospel. Such churches cease to be essentially Christian. They are pagan forms of social crystallization, with a thin gilded veneer of Christianity. They have Christ's religion with the bottom fallen out. They spcnd oceans of money in satisfying their own pious sensibilities with fine preaching, exquisite music, and solemn architecture, and yet wonder that they make no converts. They do not touch social sores, and do little or nothing to change for the better the character of the city in which we live. They are splendid illustrations of refined. pious selfishness. The world sees through it all and turns infidel.

The minister or church that pursues this policy may meet with swiftfooted success. At the end of a year or two the pastor will be made glad by seeing beforc him a large audience, and the church officers will have no ugly deficit to wrestle with. But the very swiftness of your success awakens your misgivings. You begin to be suspicious of so speedy a victory. You recall St. John's profound generalization-we know that the whole u)orld lieth in the wicked one-and you wonder that, with this environment, the Church of Christ should advance with such long, easy strides. You begin to ask yourself the question that fell from the lips of the aged patriarch Isaac, when his younger son undertook to palm himself off as the elder, and spread before him the savory but premature dish of venison: "How is it thou hast found it so quickly. my SO'/ll,.2" You proceed to analyze the audience that you have gathered, and you discover tllllt it is made up of individuals who were good church· going people before. You explore the ecclesiastical pedigree of those who fill your pews, and you find that they are ,·egistered. You have only succeeded in getting a handful here and a handful there, from this church and from that. There is no production of new material. It is a mere sleight-of-hand performance. It is as when you turn a kaleidoscope and the same identical pieces of glass shift and only form a new combination. You have really made no impression upon the great non-church-going mass. The acute pleasure you experience in seeing so many people in your church is a good de31 mitigated by the thought that another minister, here and there, is correspondingly depressed by observing their absence from his. Many a so-called successful church is built up at the expense of a score of feebler ecclesiastical growths. Is there in this any real gain to the cause of Christ in the world ~ It is the duty of the Church! then, not to turn itself into a travelling show, but to stick to its field, provided humanity is there, no matter how degraded and unresponsive. Let it change not its place, but its methods, gearing itself anew for the kind of people God sends. Let it cling at least to the edges of our social swamps. The only way in which the ignorant and vicious will ever be improved is by close contact with the intelligent and the pure, who shall come among them in the spirit of the One that laid His glory by and took upon Himself the form of a slave. The Church cannot lift the masses at arm's length. Her methods too often remind us of the grim, heartless joke perpetrated on us in our boyhood when we fell down and were saluted with the cheering words : " Come here, sonny, and r II pick you up."

But the Chutch must not only keep close to the common people, but it must adopt new and aggreSSive methods, educational, philanthropic, and evangelistic. The sermons and addresses and the pastoral work which, in a more congenial field, seemed to accomplish so much, now prove ineffec- tive. Amid the worn-out conditions of our down-town churches, all that the Angel Gabriel could do on the old plan would be merely to retard the process of decay. Some say the simple Gospel is enough. Yes, but how are you going to bring people within the sound of it ~ You are like a per- son ringing a bell in a vacuum. Humanitarian measures are required in order to pull humanity around and direct its sad, averted gaze toward the cross.

'As to the suggestion of definite methods, one becomes instinctively shy and reserved. Fields are so different. What wiII succeed in one place will fail in another. We cannot afford to be dogmatic. We make so many mistakes and must so often noiselessly retrace our footsteps. We have to feel our way along like a ferry-boat entering its slip.

Of one thing, however, we may be sure: it is that the worst need the best. Cheap appliances will fail. We shall never reach the people with our servants' dining-rooms and our cold victuals. They must have the best preaching, the best music, the best architecture. The Salvation Army has made its mistake in this country by trying to palm off on the people a cheap and sensational religion. The persecution which it incurs and glories in is often due to the outraged reverence and sense of decency which you wiII find in the lowest classes. There is truth in Lowell's Yan- kee phrase, " 'T",int a knowin' kind of cattle That is ketched with mouldy corn."

The whole grade of worship and instruction must be kept at its highest level. It is a mistake to suppose that plain people wiII be attracted by cheap and nasty surroundings. They wiII feel happiest and most at home in the finest church edifices, provided, of course, that these are near at hand. The poor enjoy the feeling of ownership and responsibility in a beautiful house of God. I would put the finest churches among the poor and the cheapest among the rich.

But besides the services of the church, which should be frequent, attractive, and inspiring, there should be close at hand social appliances for work among young men-sitting-room, library and reading-room, gymnasium, and other provisions which the Young Men's Christian Association has found so useful. What is more important still, let the churches reach after child-life, especially among foreigners. This can be done by Sunday-schoo18, singing-schools, industrial Ichools, kindergartens, and even primary day-school, as well as day-nurseries. In this way the Church can control the whole educational life of the child, both on Sundays and week-.

'tHE OVKRFLow O]j'

days, from iufancy to the age of ten. This is a much more roundabout and expensive way of changing the character of our city than by legisla- tion; but it is the only way in which the task can be accomplished. And for work of this kind the Church needs endowment. My equation is that a church will need to use on its field each year a sum equal to what it re- quires for its ordinary current expenses. The revenue from its endow- ment should be as rigidly as possible applied not to the· current expenses, but to the aggressive work which it must do in order to breed up and to bring in people who will cheerfully pay the current expenses. If the reve- nue of the endowment be used for the support of the clergy and other ordinary current expenses, the offerings of the people being applied to mission work, the tendency will be >to raise a breed of ecclesiastical paupers and spongers.

The question how to secure an endowment is too wide and varied to be treated in this paper. The thought of endowment may be incorporated in the erection of a church edifice. A part of the ground may be improved with a view to purely ecclesiastical and financially unproductive uses; while the rest may be occupied by a revenue-bearing building. I sometimes think that our churches are very extravagant in their use of property. In a part of the city, for instance, where worldly men are erecting structures from six to sixteen stories above ground, with two or three floors under the earth, and using these buildings during all of the twentyfour hours of every day for business and for residence, you will see the people of God spreading out their edifice with a frontage of one hundred and fifty feet and occupying a single floor, with their church proper and Sunday-school room placed side by side. And this space, which they enclose and shut in from the cheerful habitations of men, they use about ten hours a week. The rest of the time it is occupied by mice, silence, and gloom. It is no wonder that they try to shirk the burden of taxation. A business conducted with such extravagance would be strung up on the reef of bankruptcy within six months. The question arises, Could not a part of this valuable ground be so improved as to secure to the church a permanent endowment for its missionary, philanthropic, and educational needs ~ THE OVERFLOW OF MISSIONS.

BY REV. A. J. GORDON, D.D.

In this closing decade of the nineteenth century the stream of missionary effort seems to be overflowing its banks and making for itself many new channels. The old societies continue their noble work, bllt the rising tide of enthusiasm will no longer confine itself to these. Vast numbers of men and women are being influenced by the Holy Spirit to enter upon the work of foreign missions, and in proportion to the strength of the movement will inevitably be the "differences of administration" and the " diversities of operation" legitimately attending it. In all this the intelligent friends of missions must rejoice and be glad.

The demand for ecclesiastical uniformity which many are now emphasizing is neither according to the teaching of the Spirit nor according to the analogies of nature. The tree does not remain a trunk, but it ramifies and separates its substance into thousands of limbs and branches. ,. The scandal of a divided Christendom," so called, has proved the strength of an evangelizing Christendom in this age of missions. There are scores of agencies now in use for propagating the Gospel among the heathen when there would have been but one if the condition of solid ecclesiastical unity had obtained. Not that we would contend that the division of Christians into sects is the ideal condition-God does not, in this present time, do His greatest work through ideal conditions. Certainly the spectacle of sixty-five missionary societies laboring in India, forty-six in China, and thirty-four in Africa, and all operating by diverse methods, but in substantial good-fellowship with each other, ought to be regarded as a kind of providential compensation for that divided condition of the Christian Church to which we are largely indebted for this number and variety of agencies. So the increasing versatility of method in conducting missions which we are now witnessing augurs. we believe, only good for the great work of giving the Gospel to the world.

This versatility is manifesting itself in the following ways: First, there is a growing tendency for single churches and individual Christians to take up direct missionary work among the heathen. The article on " Decentralization in Missions, '.' which the writer contributed to the June number of the MISSIONARY REVIEW, has called out a large number of responses from Christians of various names. From these it is eYident that the idea is taking root in the minds of lovers of missions, and that it is destined to be more and more widely developed. In the last session of the General Assembly we find the Presbyterians giving considerable attention to this question, and urging its favorable consideration upon their churches. A writer in the Episcopal Recorder for August 4th calls fpr earnest reflection upon this subject, and questions whether this direct participation of the Church in foreign missions might not "work a revolution in the defective and comparatively inefficient schemes which have characterized the method of conducting the work of missions among' the heathen in the past-methods which have failed to reach the heart of the Church, which have obtained hundreds of dollars, where ten thousands should have been gladly furnished from Christian people, whose aggregate incomes run into hundreds of millions." • The idea of direct church-participation in missions is the central one; but this carries many other considerations with it-such as the distribution and consequent increase of missionary responsibility, the development of greater dependence on God, both among the home churches and on'the foreign field, and the resultant strengthening of faith and prayerfulness and consecration among Christians.

The most notable indication of the rising sentiment in these directions which we have seen appears in a prospectus, which now lies before us, of the Baptist Interior Mission. The movers in this enterprise are several men who have won high positions as earnest and successful missionaries in China lInder the Southern Baptist Board. The proposal for a new departure in the work of their denomination in China is not the result of sentiment, but the outcome of practical experience and of deliberate reflection. And remembering that the movers in this undertaking intend to put themselves under their proposed new scheme, their suggestions demand respectful consideration. We make the following quotation from this paper.

After stating their conviction that without a change of method the demands of the field cannot be met, and that under the new plan it is proposed to leave the coast and ports and to plunge into the vast interior, where millions on millions are still waiting to hear the sound of the Gospel, the authors of this prospectus go on to say : 1. We shall receive only a support, not a fixed salary, leaving it for each one to say, when he has come and had time to know what it costs on his field, what the amount shall be. His constituents will rely on his judgment and honor in the matter. We, the missionaries, who identify ourselves with this mission, now or hereafter, may differ in our opinion of the amount needed, and the needs may be different on different fields; but that the churches may have a basis on which to start off, we will say let them arrange to give each missionary annually: For his personal support, $300 (that is, $600 for a married couple), and $100 extra for each child he may have ; but " support" means support in his work; so, for house rent, say $50 ; itinerating, $50 ; and teacher of the language, $50. Total, for a single missionary, $450 (U. S. gold). This is less by $300 at least than is allowed the missionaries of the Southern Baptist Convention. Yet it has been tried and proved to be sufficient for a comfortable living. The fact is, that more than jour hundred of China's missionaries are living on less.

2. Our reasons for making this reduction to a support only may be roughly stated to be : (1 ) We appreciate the fact that it is the Lord's money, given to Him mainly by those who are poor. We cannot afford to take this money and indulge ourselves in the comforts of which they denied themselves to give it when it is entirely unnecessary. (2) We wish to be more on an equality with our brethren, the pastors of town and coun- iry churches at home, to whom we look for sympathy and help. (3) Many whom the Lord calls to China seem kept at home for the want of funds. Now, the Lord calls the men and the Lord calls the gifts, and yet they are out of proportion. Are they out of proportion ~ May it not be that the few that go to foreign fields consume too much money on themselves and their work ~ (4) And, especially, because it is a principle of our religion, as was expressed in the life of our Lord Jesus Christ. In His mission to the lost He became poor that they might become rich. Among these poor people it is especially expedient, and we are persuaded that he who would be most successful in winning their souls must, like his Lord, become poor (also compare 1 Cor. 9 ; 12). 3. This support, as is expressly stated, is to come fr~m the churches, the divinely appointed agents of the Lord to carry om His command to evangelize the world. The Holy Ghost may now, as of old to the Church at Antioch, say to a church: "Separate Me–=–so and so-for the work whereunto I have called them." Two churches, or a group of churches, may unite in supporting a missionary; much as some churches have to do in supporting their pastors. These churches become responsible to the missionary for his support in his work-i.e., what they give him he gets, and what they do not give him he does not get-and he, in turn, becomes responsible to them for work done. Let mutual responsibility be felt, and just as sure as the living body throws, at every beat of the heart, its warm life-blood to its remotest member, so sure will the Church, the body of Christ, sympathize with and support its far-off evangelist.

4. That this support be a free gift. God not only loves such a giver, but owns and blesses only such gifts. This reverting to the scriptural method, the giver giving as to God and the receiver receiving as from God, will bring into exercise more faith and trust in God. will be more honoring to the Spirit, and will obviate the nuisance of begging. This allowing the churches their divinely appointed functions will insure against centralization of power, whether at home or on the field. It will render unnecessary so much machinery, and relieve the contributions from the tax of lubricating' and running it. No paid agents will be wanted. The pastor alld other officers of the Church will be quite sufficient.

Those of us who have served many years on missionary boards know how many vital points are touched in these quotations. It would not be becoming for us who are living at home, surrounded by all the comforts of civilized life, to impose such a regime upon our missionary brethren. But when, with a full knowledge of the situation, a thorough experience on the field, and a deep sense of the responsibility involved, certain devoted mis- sionaries propose this new departure for themselves, our heart and voice and deepest conviction respond amen to the suggestion. We have no doubt of the rich success of the enterprise, for it is apostolic, and therefore has the guarantee of the Holy Spirit's furtherance j and it is practical, having the experience of several notable missionary enterprises of this century.

No doubt the teaching of that remarkable object lesson, the China Inland Mission, haf influenced the movers in this enterprise as it has affected many other promoters of foreign missiops j for the method out- lined is very much the same. Whether the experience of the China Inland Mission augurs success or not, let these facts answer. This mission is one of forty-six now operating in that great empire, representing the strong- est and wealthiest Protestant denominations. Yet though one of the youngest, this society has one fourth of all the missionaries on the field j has sent out a hundred missionaries in a single year-a reinforcement which not one of our great Protestant societies, with their large wealth and vast co~stituency, has been able to effect j and is receiving annually, with- out solicitation of any sort, the needed funds for the work.

Thus we believe that the new enterprise proposed by these Southern brethren has the evidence of demonstrated success as well as the sanction of Scripture to support it. A widening of the channel of missionary effort is seen also in the in- creasing employment of lay workers on the foreign field. By lay workers we mean especially men and women without college or theological training. The proposal to commission such as laborers among the heathen has always awakened sharp discussion, from the days of Von Welz to those of Gossner and Harms. But the policy condemned by many is as strongly approved by others, both on the ground of necessity and of utility. The necessity appears in thc fact that of the large number of graduates emerging yearly from the universities, so few comparatively are moved to undertake missionary service; and the utility in the fact of the demonstrated success of these humbler laborers.

Dr. Warneck, of Germany, one of the ablest of living writers on missionary themes, speaks strongly on this point. In the midst of a plea for a " fuller representation of the thoroughly trained element on the foreign field," he says: "It is not to the credit of German Protestantism, which indisputably stands at the head of all Protestant churches by its scientific theology, that it sends precisely the fewest theologians into mission service. Do our theologians haply suppose that they are too good for such service?" This statement is a significant one, and his question is a searching one. The feeling is not confined to Germany that it is a waste of high literary culture to bestow it upon bloody cannibals and degraded barbarians. We have even heard the most fervent friends of missions say of some especially gifted and brilliant university graduate, "that with such pre-eminent talents for home service he ought not to go abroad. "

If in these circumstances men possessed of high consecration, but deyoid of high culture, present themselves for foreign service, shall they be discouraged? Dr. Warneck speaks emphatically upon this point. He says: "Not a few missionaries, indeed, who have gone abroad without scieutific training have proved themselves pre-eminently intelligent even in the literary department, and conversely, it is indisputably true that university training affords no general guarantee for important performances. Moreover, it cannot be denied that a considerable proportion of our missionaries, with their seminary training, suffer from a certain narrowness of view, and that thereby their whole acting and bearing is influenced not to the advantage of the great work to which they are called. I am far from desiring none but scientifically educated men for the mission service. We need all sorts of men for it."

We would put especial emphasis on this last· sentence : " We need all sorts of men. ' , There are dialects to be mastered on the foreign field beside the linguistic-the mother tongue of sympathy and fellow-feeling; the universal speech of suffering and pain. He who can conjugate the8e through all their sorrowful moods and tenses has the highest requisite for successfully preaching the Gospel to the heathen. Such missionaries as Burns and Crossett, in China. have read us a memorable lesson on this point. It is a significant touch, in our Lord's picture of the wounded traveller journeying from Jerusalem to Jericho, that while both priest and Levite passed by on the other side, the good Samaritan "came where he Was.'' The missionary who can come where the sin-bruised and dying heathen are, get down close to them and bind up their wounds, is the one most demanded on the foreign field. And it has been repeatedly found that the uncultured missionary has ability in this direction which the learned do not possess, and find it exceedingly hard to acquire. It has been our fortune to know two or three men who, with only the most ordinary educational qualifications, have yet achieved very remarkable success in their labors among the heathen. In every instance the secret has seemed to be in their ability to come close to the heathen, entering into their homes, and journeying for months together among their villages, and so getting " bap- tized into a sense of all conditions." Like fits like, and it is reasonable to suppose that missionaries taken from among the common people should be especially fitted to reach the common people.

Then it should not be forgotten that it is the Gospel, not the preacher, that is "the power of God unto salvation." It is not the magnitude of the man, but the magnitude of the message, which determines the results of preaching. Hence we believe it true that a small man with a great Gospel will do more execution than a great man with a small Gospel. And here is one of the standing wonders which we do well to ponder-the clearness and force and effectiveness with which many of our humble lay preachers are able to declare the Gospel. It is our privilege to be acquainted with a great number of evangelists. By far the larger part of them have never enjoyed the advantages of academic training. Yet it is a constant surprise to observe the simplicity and power with which many such are able to present the Word of life.

If such men prove excellent evangelists at home, why not abroad 1 Their training and habits of life have fitted them to live far less expen- sively than their more cultivated brethren. And here is a very great desideratum-cheaper missionaries and a far greater number to engage in purely evangelistic work among the heathen.

The work which Dr. A. B. Simpson and his co-laborers in New York are doing deserves the thoughtful consideration of the promoters of foreign mISSIOns. His success in raising such great sums of money through the simple agencies of prayer and faith and a deepened spiritual life, and his ability to send out a larger delegation of foreign missionaries in a single year than anyone of our great missionary societies with their vast con- stituency of men and means, constitute another impressive object lesson for the friends of missions. This work was begun as an individual enterprise by the pastor of a single church, and though now it has been organized into a society called the International Missionary Alliance, its methods are – almost identical with those outlined in the prospectus of the Southern mis- sionaries to which we have just referred. The missionaries whom it is sending out are largely non-college and non-seminary men. From our

MISSIONS, THE SALVATION OF THE CRtlRCH

knowledge of them we judge that they are mostly working men and working women, with little of what is called liberal culture j but they are brought under the instruction of thc Missionary Training School of Dr. Simpson, a school where the great essentials-a knowledge of the Word of God and a definite experience of the Holy Spirit's power in the soul-are much insisted on, and with this fitting they are sent forth to the foreign field.

This society, though only five years old, has now about one hundred and fifty missionaries working in foreign countries. About twenty-five went out to the Congo last May, and two other parties, consisting of sixteen persons, went to India in July and August. The Soudan Mission, which this society is operating, is a truly aggressive undertaking. 'The first missionary to this field sailed two years ago under the leadership of Mr. Kingman. Others have since followed, till the present working force is about twenty. Their base of operations is Freetown, Sierra Leone, and their line of advance is up the Rokelle River, which they have already ascended nearly two hundred miles, planting a continuous line of stations. The leader of this movement is Mr. George S. Fisher, of Kansas, whose aggressive work in this enterprise well illustrates our subject, the "Overflow of Missions." Dr. Simpson has received very large donations for his work, $100,000 having been contributed since last August.

In many respects this is an 'original enterprise. Its bold reliance on God and its apostolic methods mark it as an instructive study. We have heard conservatives question whether the kind of recruits it is sending out are likely to succeed. For ourselves, we have no doubt about it. They who honestly attempt to carry out the great commission are bound to succeed. The only palpable and culpable non-success in missions is that of the theorists and critics who stay at home and devote themselves to discounting and disparaging those whose methods they do not approve. There is no danger that too many shall attempt to obey the great commission ; there is no peril in the present missionary overflow.

MISSIONS, THE SALVATION OF THE CHURCH.

BY JAMES E. MATHIESON, ESQ., LONDON.

" For Adam was first formed, then Eve; and Adam was not beguiled, but the woman being beguiled hath fallen into transgression: but she shall be saved through the childbearing, if they continue in faith and love and sanctification with sobriety" (1 Tim. 2 : 13-15 [R. V.]).

Which things seem to be an allegory concerning Christ and the Church and missions.

"The second man is the Lord from heaven" (1 Cor. 15 : 47). The tempter came unto Him and plied Him with manifold temptations j but He was proof against every seduction of the wicked one, and came forth from the ordeal without taint of sin, holy, harmless, undefiled. He remained the unerring servant, " the faithful and true witness," the obedient son, all through His earthly ministry; and to His Church-by the Word and Spirit-He continues the unerring guide, the" witness to the people, the leader and commander of the people" of God.

Eve is a suitable type of the Church. What is Church history? is it not a continuous record of failure, of defeat through the machinations of the adversary, of disobedience to the command of her Lord and Master, of uncertain, hesitating testimony ? We need not fasten upon the awful departures from truth which we see manifested in the apostate Church of Rome, nor upon the corruptions which disfigure the Greek Church; yet how shameful and how sorrowful that the larger part of Christendom to-day should remain sunken in the deplorable idolatries in which Europe thus lies spellbound, unable to shake herself free! Let us come nearer home, and look at Protestantism. Are Satan's deceivings not visible here, too, though in forms less repulsive and with consequences somewhat less disastrous? Our search for a perfect church, faithfully reflecting the image of her heavenly Lord, will prove a vain quest. Lutheranism in Germany and Scandinavia has degenerated into a lifeless sacramental formalism which exerts little influence over the lives of the people in leading them Godward and heavenward; the Reformed churches of France and Switzerland have been infected with rationalism, and icy coldness has crept over them; the Church of England, "rich and increased with goods," is backsliding into priestcraft, the leaven from which she never was thoroughly free. What a portent, that a Bible-loving nation, seeing no mention of priests in the enumeration of her ascended Lord's gifts to His Church (1 Cor. 12 : 28 ; Eph. 4 : 10-12), nor any recognition of priesthood in the pastoral epistles, should not perceive the dishonor to our one great High-Priest by the admission of official priesthood in the Church below! If we turn to British or American nonconformity, can we be satisfied with its lack of reverence in handling Holy Scripture, and the increasing disbelief in the supernatural? or with the infrequent remembrance of our Lord's death at the communion table? for without determining for others how often the holy supper should be observed, the very expression, " as often as ye eat," surely implies frequency; and can we feel complacent with churches which silently ignore the blessed hope of the glorious appearing of our Lord and Saviour? What we have just said about nonconformist churches applies with equal force to the Presbyterian communions. To how many of the churches of to-day-to the churches founded by Luther and Calvin and Knox, by the English Puritans, and later by Wesley and Whitfield and Chalmers-might not the great aposUe exclaim, as he did to the Church of Galatia, "Ye were running well, who did hinder you that ye should not obey the truth?" Ah! the hinderer came upon the scene, and with his seductions drew the Church aside and far away from her first love. The history of the Church universal is, in greater or less degree, a record of backsEding and of deterioration, because she has listened to other voices than the voice Divine; has given way to expediency and compromise, to worldliness, to traditions of men, and, above all, to unbelief in the living God.

But, in view of all this defection and unworthiness, how wonderful the longsuffering patience of our God! Instead of utter destruGtion there is a prolongation of the day of grace. Yet here a law of the kingdom pre- vails which we cannot afford to overlook: the Church-any branch of the Church-is" saved through childbearing;" her safety, her continuance in existence as a living Church, depends upon her reproduction of churches. And observe, I do not think we are to look to mere enlargement within her existing borders, the addition of new members in the sphere of her local boundaries, although that is sure to accompany the otlJer increase on which I lay stress-namely, the bringing to the birth of churches beyond her limits, or, to use the apostolic expression, /I in the regions beyond." At the tribunal of Jesus Christ (2 Cor. 5 : 10), when the Master reckons with His servants, may we be permitted reverently to conceive Him saying, "Who . hath begotten me these ?" and pointing to Africa and the East, the Church of England would answer that she was the mother Church; and for some of those in In.dia and China, American and British Presbyterians would reply; and to those in Madagascar and Mongolia our Congregational brethren would lay claim; and of those in Burma and on the Congo, the Baptists would own the parentage; and for those in Polynesian islands of the sea, our "Vesleyan friends ; and for those in Garenganze and Malaysia, the Plymouth Brethren; and for those in Labrador and Little Thibet and among Jerusalem lepers, the Moravian Church. But oh! the ominous silence of dead and buried churches-dead and buried because the law of their continued existence was set at nought; no daughter churches after their image, in their own likeness, to "rise up and call them blessed." Their name and their memorial has perished with them.

A word concerning the reproduction of mission churches in the likeness of the mother Church. In whose image does any true mother love to see the reflection in the child she has borne? her own or her husband's image ~ 'rhere can be but one answer : the mother delights to see the lineaments of her husband reproduced in her child. Is it so in the Church? Is there not effort everywhere tp perpetuate the special features of the mother Church, rather than a jealous longing to see imparted the impress of the living Lord npon newly born churches in heathendom and elsewhere? Is not precious time oftentimes wasted in the attempt to transmit creeds and catechisms and liturgies which are not essential to the growth and well being of newly gathered companies of believers; or to repeat, under unsuitable conditions. forms and ceremonies which hinder rather than hasten progress toward full stature; and which tend to stereotype, on far-off fields, those differences which-in some aspects at leaRt–are a acandal and a weakness to Christiani.ty ~ It is blessed to think of the obliteration of denominational distinctions in the gloryland, when the completed body of Christ shall acknowledge the one name of her undivided Lord. Were it otherwise, and the question could be put concerning the many-named and much subdivided churches which have witnessed and labored and suffered for and with Christ upon the earth, "Which is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven 1" methinks the Master's reply would be, "The Church of the United Brethren ;" and whatever our various preferences and proclivities may have been as mem- bers of the Church down below, I consider it unlikely that any of us would for a moment dispute this supremacy of the Moravian Brethren as a missionary church. They have shown us a magnificent example j why have we been so slow to follow it 1 The Moravian Missionary Society, begun in 1732, is the oldest Protes- tant enterprise for evangelizing the heathen. A few years since public attention was called to the miserable condition of lepers in India and elsewhere j but the Moravians began to carry the good news to lepers in Africa seventy-four years ago, and to those in Jerusalem twenty-five years ago. Of their income of £70,000, nearly two thirds are raised by evangelized native churches, which contain over 90,000 converts, a total three times as numerous as the members of the home churches, which have sent forth missionaries in the proportion of one for every sixty members, as compared with one for every 5000 members among Protestant churches generally. What significance in this last statement-how honorable to the Moravians, how humbling for Protestants generally!

There is a vast competition in our day and a great array of statistics with reference to the comparative progress in numbers, in buildings, in the annual revenues, and the voluntary gifts of the various churches. In this competition established and free churches and all the denominations vie with each other amid various experiences of success and defeat. It does not seem likely, now that we are drawing near to the close of the second millennium of Christianity, that anything will arise in the conditions of mankind in the leading Protestant lands, or in the phases of theology which largely govern the minds of men in lands ruled by Bible principles, to greatly alter the proportions which now obtain between the various sections of the Ohurch in their numerical Rtrength and social influence and power. Fluctuations there will ever be locally; but over the whole areas held by Protestantism no very marked displacements by one over the other are probable. Partial success of one branch of the Church will but stimulate to greater endeavor in another branch to replace what has been lost. Is it beyond hope that we may one day see a pause in this hitherto endless strife for mastery in seeking to gain the first or second or third place in membership, in edifices, in revenues, which now engages the ceaseless watchfulness and activities of leading men in every denomination? and instead of this feverish race for supremacy in an age which seems governed largely by statistics, a more prayerful pondering of our Lord's parting command, a turning to a more excellent way and to a nobler strife, in a determination to keep in the foremost place the vast neglected work which her Lord has set before His Church, " Go ye into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature." The. competition for the foremost place in over-churched Britain, for example, is becoming a scandal and a snare, and a sorrow of heart to many of God's children; oh, for a blessed rivalry for that first place now held by the Moravian Brethren! Baptists, Presbyterians, Wesleyans, which of you will first abandon this insane grasping after more people at home, whom some one else is pretty sure to evangelize if you fail to do so, and go in with all your might for daughter churches in Africa, Asia, South America, and other virgin soils, where the sowing and husbandry will yield you far richer harvests 1 What a blessed determination it would be if, abandoning the extravagance and selfishness involved in building more home churches, some branch of the Church resolved to fill the mission treasury to overflowing, and called upon her sons and daughters to go forth to the needy fields afar off with promise of prayer and reinforcements? For the sad truth remains that since" where your treasure is, there will your heart be also," the heart's affections, the solicitudes, the prayers of the Church are concentrated on the home work and home interests, and but little heart and little prayer flow out toward the great mission cause. In point of fact, the" great mission cause" is a misnomer; it is a weak, spasmodic, half-starved affair; no hced or little heed is given to the proportions of the fields which claim our regard; we give profusely, we give our substance to home demands; we give grudgingly, we give our superfluity to the vast fields out of sight.

How does our blessed Lord regard His Church's disregard of His commands? I fear the curse of barrenness falls upon home churches because of their disobedience and self-seeking. The history of Israel is repeated in much that we see in the Church to-day. "Israel is an empty vine, he bringeth forth fruit unto himself" (Hos. ~ 0 : 1) ; unto himself, not unto God. "Consider your ways. Ye have sown much, and bring in little.

Ye looked for much, and, 10, it came to little; and when ye brought it home, I did blow upon it" (Haggai 1 : 5, 6, 9). Oh, the meagre results, the few conversions, the sickly spiritual life in Christian communities at home; the Gospel hardening, the growth of unbelief, the increase of ungodliness! Let the Church awake to her true mission in this dark world and yield obedience; and what days of blessing may we not behold once more! ~'Let nothing be done through strife or vainglory; but in lowliness of mind let each esteem other better than themselves. Look not every man on his own things, but every man also on the things of others. Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesns" (Phil.

2 : 3-5).

THE LORD'S WORK IN SPAIN

THE LORD'S WORK IN SPAIN.

BY REV. J. P. WIGSTONE, MISSIONARY, LINARES, SPAIN.

Just of late I am up from Andalusia, where my present work is visiting other brethren-two of whom studied in the Pastor's College, London-and scenes of years ago have been recalled by what is occurring here now. For instance, I lately accompanied a brother missionary to a neighboring town to bury a child. The priests and the authorities appeared at the house where the dead lay, and against the father's will forcibly carried the body away and buried it in the Roman Catholic cemetery. Another brother was called to visit one of the converts in a dying state. He had only just reached the house when the priest made his appearance, alleging that he had also been called. He had a number of witnesses. The house filled with people, as is often enough the case here under similar circumstances. The priest raged and stormed and held up his fist in the face of the evangelical pastor. The sick Christian woman, hearing the dispute about who had been called, cried out: "Silence, all ! I wish to make a public confession." (Here the priest smiled, and approached graciously at the last word.) "I am trusting only to Christ for salvation through His death on the cross; and if I die I want to be buried in the evangelical cemetery." The witnesses of the priest told him they were needed no longer, and went out. What did the priest do ~ He went and lodged a complaint with the mayor that he had been called to attend this dying woman, and that the evangelical pastor had threatened him and hindered him in his duty. The priest's witnesses deposed that the woman declared publicly she didn't want the priest but the pastor, and that the priest had threatened the pastor and not the pastor the priest. The mayor took doctors with him and satisfied himself that the witnesses spoke the truth, the dying woman being still able to say she wished nothing to do with Rome.

A third friend has had his meeting-place shut up by order of the Governor of Corunna. The English ambassador has been communicated with. This is a case of trying to show by law that the door of the meeting .place must be kept shut at Santa Eugenia, when no such thing is done in any other part of Spain, nor has been done during the last twenty years! These are matters of the present time, and make the past matters along the northwest coast of Spain new to me ; and I will speak about the commencement of the Gospel in these parts.

The first meeting in Galicia was commenced by the" pastor" before mentioned and myself in the year 1875 in Corunna. After a month's search we got a meeting-place, and went to the governor of the province.

" Yonr Excellency," we said to him, "we are going to begin the preaching of the Gospel at Puerta de Arriba on Sunday night at six o'clock."

" Vho gave you leave to do that 1" replied his Excellency. We explained to him that the law only required that notice should be given to the governor or mayor, and that we thought it best to give the notice in this case to the superior authority, as it was the first meeting of the kind held in all the four northwest provinces.

" Let me tell you," said the governor, " that if you commenced such a meeting the people would tear you in pieces; and I advise you for your own sake not to attempt any meetings here."

" Your Excellency, we have come all the way from Madrid for the purpose" (a journey then of twelve hours by rail and thirty·six by diligence), " and we quite intend to go on with the meetings."

" Then" (here he began to be very angry), " I warn you not; and if you do, I will take you prisoners from the platform. I can't inflict previous punishment, but I will begin when you begin."

" Then, your Excellency, the first meeting takes place on Sunday night 1.t six 0'clock. "

We left him, after he had renewed his threatenings. I must say we did not feel very comfortable. We were a long way from all our friends; we did not know the people of Corunna, but we did know something of Roman Catholic fanaticism. We went, in our extremity, to our God, and cried for help. The day arrived for our first meeting. "Will the governor keep his word? 'Will anybody come to the meeting?" we asked one another, as my friend and I prepared to go down to open the door. As we approached, sure enough, there were four policemen in full uniform. "Are they going to take us 1" was a very natural question. The door was opened; two or three people straggled in. As the first person entered, one policeman cried out" Order I" As another went in, another cry of " Order I" was heard; and so we entered, and they roared out " Order," and that word for the policemen seemed to be the order of the day. "They have not taken us," remarked one of us to the other. " We are not at the platform yet," was the reply. But we did get to the platform, and without interruption from the authorities; preached with all our heart and soul to a small congregation of about fifty the glorious old Gospel of salvation instant and free to the repenting sinner that comes to the Lord Jesus Christ through " Jesus only." These occasions of speaking to those who have never heard the joyful sound before of the great salvation have been among the happiest of our life. Would to God that thousands who can do so would go into all the world and try it I The next Sunday, at about 4.30 P.M., we looked out of our window and saw the square filled with people of every class. "Whatever can be the matter!" we asked as we looked out. The servant said, "Why, they have come for the meeting." Come for the meeting I Yes; an hour and a half before the time there were about two thousand people there. Cornnna was moved with curiosity. Let us begin the meeting at once. One went to open the door while we got hymn-books, etc., ready, and when We went down we couldn't get in-the place was packed with people in a solid mass. We went up to the house, got down into the back yard by a ladder, and with much difficulty got in at the back door. Happily the platform was just at that entrance. What a scene! The people were perched up everywhere, even sitting on the shoulders of those who occupied the seats. Well, we did our best to "make t.he message clear and plain," and then asked the congregation to retire and allow others to come in. They did ; and in the others came. We had another meeting. After it the crowd outside cried: "Come and preach to us from the balcony!" No, we had no voice left j besides, if we had, that was clearly against the law of " No public manifestation," and we thought it well to keep within it.

For weeks people came from the villages near as well as from the town j so that we were obliged to give entrance by ticket. The American viceconsul was exceedingly friendly, and took the tickets at the door as the people entered. When we appeared in the streets the folk stood at their doors and stared j came out at the balconies and stared. Why ? Well, the priests for centuries had been telling them all kinds of queer storip.s about Protestants, such as that we keep murdered children hanging up by the feet in the cellars to be eaten; that we had horns and tails j and it was natural to be curious to have the first glance at such wretches. Nevertheless, it was a good thing that the one subject of interest was the Word of God, the Gospel of Christ, for weeks in the whole neighborhood. I may just say that we sold hundreds of Bibles, testaments, and Gospels, and distributed thousands of tracts.

The archbishop drove up from Santiago to annihilate us by a series of declamations against Protestants. The people went to hear him during the day, and us at night. They went out of our meetings saying, "The archbishop tells nothing but lies." Not that we ever went into discussions. No j we kept to the Gospel of free salvation to the chief of sinners by Christ alone, and the hearers drew the inferences.

The Lord blessed the preaching to the salvation of souls. " I am of your opinions," whispered a man tv us as we stood on the street one day. He whispered because newspapers were speaking against us, and we had many enemies. " To be of our opinions will do little for you. You must be born again," we answered. We had a long talk with him about his soul. The next preaching was from" The blood of Jesus Christ His Son cleanseth us from all sin. " This man was at it, and next day he came to us and told us it had cleansed him. His wife soon professed conversion. His aunt, a bigoted Romanist, with whom they lived, was in a dreadful way about this. He spoke to her about the Gospels. One evening she was alone about meeting-time, and felt a desire to go which she could not shake off. She went, heard, believed, and brought her husband. He was soon converted. The aunt had $42 (£5 lOs.) worth of images in a glass case. She burned them, and said: " Now, Jesus onJy is my Saviour." Women sold the butcher meat in the market. Four of them were converted to Christ. One, a woman over sjx feet high, haq been a notorious cb,aract(}f

THE INQUISITION IN MEXICO

-smoked, drank, cursed and swore. She was soon known to be changed. As she sold the meat I have seen her speak to her customers about their souls. On one occasion she took up a piece of meat, gave it a chop, then looked at the customer and said: "If you don't go to church for salvation you'll be lost." Another chop at the meat and another chop at the customer, and that finished that particular transaction; and then for another. A man was converted, and his landlord called him from his village, eleven miles from Corunna. "You must either leave the Protestant meeting or my house and land." "I'll leave the meeting," was the reply. "Do as I do," said the landlord. " I read the Bible I got from them privately. " "We will," said the tenant. So the tenant and his wife read the Bible privately, and read one day that Christ would be ashamed of them before His Father and the holy angels who were ashamed of Him. They feared that word and returned to the meetings. The landlord called them. "Yes, we have gone back to the meetings. We are afraid that otherwise Christ would be ashamed of us before His Father and' the holy angels," said the man. " You must leave the house and land," said the landlord. "At once ; if you will allow me anything for the labor bestowed on it, well and good; if not, take it, labor and all." The landlord was astonished, and knew he would find few such honest men as John, and said: "Well, John, you can keep the house and lands; and if anyone molests you about your religion, send him to me." John went home and offered the largest room in the house for the meetings in his village, and shortly after his wife and he gave a room all ready furnished with platform and seats for Gospel meetings; and the meetings have been held in it ever since. Indeed, the work in Corunna and neighborhood has continued till this day; not in our hands; but after we left to preach in other towns and villages of Galicia, the converts continued the meetings till God raised up others to go on with the work.

When we came out to Spain in 1873 we had a conversation with the president of the college, that Greatheart the Second-C. H. Spurgeonwhen he said: "So you are going to Spain and trusting God for support in money matters ~" " Yes." "Would you not rather go under a committee~" "No." "Neither would I," said Mr. Spurgeon. We reckoned that if God wanted us in Spain He would support us there; and though many supporters have gone to heaven, others have been raised up, and we have been helped hitherto.

THE INQUISITION IN MEXICO.

BY MISS LAURA M. LATIMER.

The heavy, massive door of the Inquisition creaked upon its hinges as it opened and' shut me in. I passed up the broad stone stairway, along , th~ wide corridor, under the arches of ..t..h~ e loftr stone columns, to the room my friends had prepared for me. It had been the covercd way to the Inquisition, and was of most astonishing proportions for a bedroom. In the centre of the room was a large brass bedstead. Beautiful lace curtains were gracefully draped around thc brass rods, that reached nearly to the ceiling, and with such an imposing canopy it lookcd as though it might have been the couch of an empress. In the dim light of the tiny lamp the dark, uncanny corners seemed to me to be only hiding places for the shadowy forms of those cruel monks who had been driven from Mexico years ago. I passcd back again down the stone stairway, through the open court to the dining-room. The room had been enlarged. Twelve cartloads of human skeletons my friends found in that mysterious wall four yards thick. The mortar had been made out of the dust of dead men's bones. The horrors of the place oppresscd me, and I was glad when the evening meal was over and my friends led the way to the parlor. The theological students had gathered around the organ with violins, cornets, and flutes, and as I entered the room they commenced playing so gayly the air " Bonnie Annie Laurie," that I soon forgot the ghostly terrors of that gloomy building. But how strange it seemed to me-the Inquisition of Mexico transformed into a theological seminary of the Methodist Episcopal Church! The great, gloomy, sunless stone structure, with its grated windows and brick floors and unwritten histories of untold horrors, erected to crush Protestantism, had become the training school for Mexican missionaries.

The Roman Catholic Church in Mexico had become very rich. The cathedrals were ablaze with gold and jewels. A statue of the Assumption was said to cost $1,089,000. It required two men to lift thc candlesticks of solid gold. The statues of the saints were covered with precious stones. The high altar was the richest in the world. The crosses were studded with amethysts and diamonds. The annual revenue of the clergy from gifts, charities, and parochial dues was more than the entire aggregate revenues of the country, derived from all its customi't and internal taxes.

The wealth of the Church was hundreds of millions of dollars, but the nation was impoverished. The war of Independence had devastated the country. The trcasury was empty, the soldiers were unpaid. The widows and orphans of the noble patriots were suffering for bread. At this time of dire necessity the Government asked of the Catholic Church a loan of $14,000,000, but it was refused.

Congress decided to confiscate the Church property in order to save the country from bankruptcy, and convents, nunneries, and monasteries were offered for sale. And then commenced the struggle between the Roman Catholic Church party and the "Liberals," and there followed a series of revolutions that plunged the country deeper and deeper in misery. A few miles from the city of Oaxaca are the ruins of the wonderful palaces of Mitla, the home of the ancient Zapotec kings. The rocky spur of the Sierra lladre has a wildness of beauty here that is unsurpassed. Near Oaxaca, in the year 1806, Benito Juarez was Dorn. The little Zapotec Indian boy was left an orphan when only three years old, and at / the age of twelve he fled from his cruel master and was sheltered by a good Franciscan lay brother, who taught him to read and write. In the year 1834 he was licensed to practise law, and soon became judge of the Supreme Court. He rose rapidly to distinction j was for several years Gov- ernor of his native State, and in the year 1858 he was President of Mexico.

Juarez was the leader of the" Liberal" party. The Liberals fought for free schools, a free press, and universal religious toleration.

The Catholic Church party appealed to the Pope at Rome for help to overthrow the Republic. An army of French troops were sent to aid them, and Maximilian, Archduke of Austria, was crowned Emperor of Mexico. Juarez was driven to the very boundary line of Mexico, and there he appealed to the United States for help. Our President sent a messenger to Napoleon IlL, demanding the recall of his French troops, for no foreign army would be permitted to remain on American shores. The French army left the country, Maximilian was besieged at Queretaro, tried by a court-martial and condemned to be shot.

The Princess Salm-Salm rode one hundred and sixty miles in a carriage, to San Luis Potosi, to see President Juarez to plead for the life of the Emperor. She said: "It was eight o'clock in the evening when I went-to see Juarez, who received me at once. He looked pale and suffering him_ self. With trembling lips I plead for the life of the Emperor. The President said that he could not grant it; the Emperor must die to-mor- row. I fell on my knees sobbiJJg, and plead with words that came from my heart, but which I I)annot remember. The President tried to raise me. With tears in his ey~s, he answered in a low, sad voice: 'I am grieved, madam, to see Y1)U thus on your knees before me, but if all the kings and queens of E'U'ope were in your place I could not spare his life. It is not I who take it. It is the people, and the law, and if I should not do its will, the people would take his life and mine, too.' The wife of General Miramon came into the room, leading by the hand her two little children. It was a most heartrending scene to hear the poor wife and little ones praying for the life of their father. Senora Miramon fainted and was carried out of the room. These trying scenes were too much for Juarez. For three days he kept his room and could see no one."

Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, was the brother of the Emperor of Austria. He was brother-in-law of the King of Belgium, cousin of t.he . Queen of Spain, cousin of the Queen of England and Empress of India. The man who made every throne in Europe tremble when he signed the death-warrant of the Emperor was a Zapotec Indian. This man, kind to a fallen foe, tender to the suffering, was nevertheless formidable. 1Vith black, piercing eyes, a mouth of inflexible decision, the face calm and serene, he had a bearing as royal as those Zapotec kings, among whose deserted palaces he had played in his childhood.

1S93.J 1'RE HEY. A. W. Mt11mAY, OF SAMOA. 18B

Juarez had paid his generals and soldiers in script, to be redeemed by the sale of the confiscated church property, and convents, monasteries, and inquisitions were offered for sale. No Catholic dare buy this sacred property, for the archbishop had forbidden it. With the fall of the Empire the way had been opened for the missionaries. But no Catholic would sell any property to a Protestant, and so it came that many of those costly buildings were purchased at a very low price. The old convents and monasteries purchased by the boards of foreign missions were often of startling proportions, and with an overwhelming air of grandflur about the lofty columns, broad corridors, and spacious courts; and so this is the way it came about that the Inquisition is the property of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

Again I visited the theological seminary at Puebla. A large, beautiful garden, in the heart of the city, covering half a block, and which had once belonged to a famous convent, had been purchased for the students. Surrounded by a high wall, nothing of the noise and confusion of the busy city could be heard within those thick, high, gray stone walls. The figtrees were laden with their purple fruit. The vines hung full of luscious grapes. The jessamines and rose- bushes were clinging to the crevices of the walls, just as fragrant and pretty as they were more than a hundred years ago, when gentle nuns trimmed the vines and rested in those rustic seats under those great forest trees. I could see the theological students with their books everywhere in the garden-on the stone seats by the fountain, or under the shady trees, or on the broad corridors or balconies of their new home. The damp, dark cloisters of that sunless, cheerless, gloomy building had been abandoned. The Inquisition was vacant and deserted, but the huge key hung upon the wall, as harmless now as the bloody key of the Bastile, that I saw at Mount Vernon, the present of Lafayette to Washington.

THE REV. A. W. MURRAY, OF SAMOA.

BY THE REV. ROBERT STEEL, D.D., SYDNEY.

One of the few remaining contemporaries of the great apostle of Polynesia, John Williams, passed away from earth at Sydney, New South Wales, on July 8th, 1892. The Rev. A. W. Murray had been identified with the Samoan Mission for more than half a century, and witnessed the commencement and the triumph of Christian missions in several groups of the South Pacific Ocean. His life stretched over the most active half of the century of modern evangelistic enterprise, and gathers around it much of the interest attached to the wonderful success of the cause of Christ in Polynesia. He was born at Jedburgh, in Scotland, in 1811, and was brought up in the Church of Scotland. The wife of the Rev. Robert Lundie, minister of the parish, was the means of his firl"t religious impressions. She took a special interest in Christian work ill the parish, and was afterward well known as the wife of the Rev. Remy Duncan, D.D., minister of the parish of Ruthwell, author of the" Sacred Philosophy of the Seasons," in which his wife bore a part, and the founder of savings. banks. Mrs. Duncan also wrote a book on " America as I Found It," after a visit to that country.

Mr. Murray joined the fellowship of the Church of Scotland at Kelso at the age of seventeen. When he decided for Christ he also devoted himself to His service, and cherished an intense longing to engage in mis- sionary work in the foreign field. For this purpose he offered himself to the directors of the London Missionary Society, and was accepted. He was sent for training first to the Rev. Richard Cecil, M.A., the rector of Tiervey, a well-known evangelical clergyman of the Church of England; and afterward to Homerton College, London. Mr. Murray was thoroughly in earnest, and did his utmost to prepare for his work. He was one of a band specially selected by the directors of the London Missionary Society in response to the appeals of the apostolic John Williams, then on a visit to England, to reinforce the South Sea Mission.' So long as fifty-seven years ago, in 1835, Mr. Murray with his young and devoted wife sailed from London for his far distant sphere. He was one of a band of six missionaries, all except one being accompanied by their wives, who sailed in the Dttnottar Castle, a small craft of one hundred and eighty tons, chartered for the occasion. The route lay by Cape Horn, which was passed in the depth of winter amid intense cold and storms. Provisions were short and poor, accommodation was scanty, and the voyage long and trying; but it came to an end, lind in April, 1836, they anchored at Tahiti, where they witnessed the triumphs of the Gospel. Mr. Murray was appointed to Tutuila, one of the easterly islands of the Samoan group. In June, 1836, they were landed along with Rev. G. Barnden; but before settling a visit was paid to those islands of the group where missionaries had been already settled. In July they were introduced to the chiefs and people of Tutuila, and were left by the brethren to fulfil their mission. The island was about twenty miles in length by five or six in breadth; the surface was high, broken, and of a volcanic appearance. Its harbor of Pangopango was magnificent. The natives were about four thousand, and they were in some degree prepared to welcome the missionaries. 'Vhalers sometimes called at the island, and Captain Morgan, commanding one, was found to be a devoted Christian. He remained three weeks with :Mr. Murray at a time wben sllch a visit was unusually welcome. It was while Captain Morgan was there that he started the idea of a mission sbip, and Mr. Murray suggested that he should offer himself to the directors as captain. He at once did so, and the Samoan missionaries strongly recommended him. On his way horne the vessel which he commanded was wrecked off the Australian coast, but he escaped and reached England just in time to be appointed to the mission vessel, the Camden. For fifteen years he did eminent service to the missionaries, to one of whom he owed his knowledge of the Saviour. In those early days communication with England took long; it was actually three years before Mr. Murray received letters from Britain! Mr. Williams returned with 8 band of new missionaries in 1838, and in 1839 perished at the hands of the heathen on Eromanga while endeavoring to introduce native teachers. It was a great blow to the Samoan Mission ; but in Divine Providence it led to renewed efforts to evangelize the New Hebrides. When the call was made for a brother missionary to take teachers to these islands, the Rev. T. Heath, one of the Samoan brethren, volunteered, on the express condition that if he too perished in the attempt, another brother would take up the fallen colors and follow him! He succeeded, with some difficulty, in locating teachers; but these faithful pioneers had a severe ordeal to pass through among the savage people of Eromanga. It was as much as ever they could do to survive, and that only by the assistance of some of the more friendly natives at the risk of their lives.

Mr. Murray was an earnest evangelist when he mastered the language, and he animated his teachers with a like spirit. His colleague, Mr. Barnden, was drowned while bathing on December 31st, 1838. The whole work of the mission on the island then devolved upon Mr. Murray. There were thirty villages, and the people had become anxious for Christian instruction. As many as three hundred were candidates for baptism. Great times of awakening followed, about the very season of the revival in Scotland, in 1839-40, and many were converted to God. About this period Mr. Murray had the joy of welcoming new missionaries, one of whom was the son of the R~v. R. Lundie, his parish minister at Kelso. Mr. G. A. Lundie, however, died in 1841. During that year Mr. Murray accompanied the mission vessel on a voyage to the New Hebrides and Loyalty Islands to locate teachers in favorable openings. He had the honor of introducing Christian teachers to Futuna and Aneityum ; hut those who had been left on Eromanga on a former voyage, after the death of John Williams, had to be removed, owing to the cruelty of the natives. On arriving at Sydney a new reinforcement of missionaries were found waiting, two of whom, Messrs. Nishet and Turner, with their young wives, were specially designated for Tanna. Their settlement was unpropitious, and as they were in danger from the savage people, they had to escape for their lives.

In another voyage, in 1845, Mr. Murray was on board with Dr. Turner, and introduced native teachers to the island of Efate. On resuming his work at Tutuila, five years after his commencement, he could not fail to mark the contrast in the condition of the people. The churches were crowded with eager worshippers, and the work of conviction and conversion seemed to be even greater than before. There were not wanting trials and disappointments, sometimes from the violent conduct of heathen chiefs and sometimes from the defection of weak converts. In 1847 Rev. John Geddie, his wife, and Mr. and Mrs. Archibald arrived from Nova Scotia, desirous of founding a Presbyterian mission in the South Seas. Mr. Geddie had, like the great pilgrim father, Abraham, gone forth, not knowing whither he went. He and Mrs. Geddie stayed with Mr. and MrE'. Murray till the John Williams could take them to the New Hebrides, where a faint hope had appeared for the settlement of a missionary. Mr. Murray accompanied the party, and in 1848 Aneityum was occupied. One of the Samoan missionaries, Mr. Powell, remained for a year with the Geddies. In 1849 Mr. Murray visited the New Hebrides again, and cheered the party in that outpost of Christian work, and removed Mr. Powell to Samoa. Shortly after his return home, Mr. Murray resumed his work; but his wife's health necessitated a change. Before that occurred, a severe hurricane devastated the island. Cocoanut and breadfrnit trees, banana plantations, native houses, and the church were destroyed. Food became scarce, and death followed famine. Only one provisIOn remained of great value in Samoa in such times-a coarse yam grew spontaneously in the bush, deep in the soil, and escaped the effects of the storm. Bananas were nearly all destroyed. There has, however, been found a merciful provision in the latter case. When John Williams was in England, Mr. (afterward Sir) Joseph Paxton. gardener to the Duke of Devonshire, at Chatsworth, gave him many plants to be tried in the South Sea Islands. Among them was a root of the Chinese banana, which is short in its height and yet singularly fruitful. On reaching Samoa, Mr. Williams thought this root dead and dried, and threw it away. Mr. Mills, one of the missionaries, picked it up and planted it on trial. It grew, and increased so rapidly that it was highly valued. Every teacher took roots of it when he went to pioneer the Gospel into other islands. At the present day the MUGa ChinensiG, or Cavendishii, is found everywhere from Hawaii to New Guinea! Famines of food in many cases of hurricane have been prevented by means of this dwarf banana.

In 1851 Mr. Murray exchanged spheres of labor with the Rev. J. P. Sunderland, and occupied Manono, where he remained for three ye!1.rs. In 1854, when the Rev. W. Mills retired, he was transferred to the important harbor station of Apia, in Dpolu. This beautiful port he calls " the queen of the Pacific." While discharging the duties of this station, he also supplied for a time the place of the Rev. C. Hardie at the institution for training native teachers at Malua. There 'he had for his colleague the Rev. George Turner, LL.D., who rendered very great service to that work for many years, and latterly, along with the Rev. Henry Nisbet, LL.D. Both of these brethren took a leading part in Scripture translation and in the revision of several editioas of the Bible printed in London. Dr. Turner issued the latest one in 1886 after careful revisio~. Some 75,600 copies of the Bible and portions have been circulated. Mr. Murray also rendered some service, though in a less degree, to the work of revising the Samoan translation of the Scriptures. He did eminent service in mission voyaging, and in performing the work of an evangelist. On one of his voyages to the New Hebrides he spent three months with Mr. Geddie, and consulted about the desirableness of getting a mission vessel for that group. Missionaries had by that time been settled on Tanna and Eromanga, and teachers on Aniwa, Futuna, Efate, and other islands to the north. Serious disasters, too, had occurred. The Gordons had been killed in 1861, the missionaries on Tanna threatened and obliged to flee, and native teachers had been in peril. It was felt that more frequent visits of a mission ship were required. This led to Mr. Paton's visit to Australia, and the successful effort to secure the first ])ayspring. Mr. Murray hailed this accession to the missionary fleet, as he had the cause of Christ in the New Hebrides much at heart. He was always forward in the extension of the kingdom of Christ. In 1865 he went with a party of teachers to the Ellice Group ; he repeated the visit and sflttled new pioneers on heathen islands. On some islands candidates for baptism were met, examined, and admitted to the Christian Church. Mission voyaging was a special delight of Mr. Murray, and he had great tact in dealing with the most barbarous islanders while endeavoring to gain their consent to the introduction of native teachers.

Except during visits to Australia, on account of the health of his wife, in 1853 and 1858, Mr. Murray labored at Samoa. A marvellous change had passed over these islands, fourteen in number. Mr. Williams, in a vessel of a most romantic history, as it was entirely of his own construction, sailed for that group in 1830 with a band of native teachers, who were allowed to remain. Two years afterward he visited the scene of their labors, and was overjoyed to find at one place a congregation of fifty Christians, distinguished from the heathen by a band of white cloth on their arms, and who had been enlightened by one whose only Christian instruction had been obtained from a native teacher on another island. There was a great desire for missionaries. When these came, they found a people prepared for the Lord. In ten years the faith of Jesus Christ prevailed. In Samoa, out of 34,265 of the native population, 26,493 are under the instruction of the London Missionary Society'S agents. There are some under the care of Wesleyan missionaries, and others under Roman Catholic priests. A seminary of 72 young men preparing for the ministry had been establiJhed. As much as £1200 had been contributed in a single year to the funds of the society by the Christian converts. Commerce had also come to the group, and the people had ad· vanced in the useful arts.

Mr. Murray adopted Baptist .views during one of his visits to Sydney, and he took charge of a small congregation in one of the suburbs for two years; but his heart was in the mission, and in 1863 he returned to Apia, where he continued for seven years.

His wife's health requiring a change, he proceeded to Lifu, one of the Loyalty Islands, where a large company of the natives had already been gathered into the Church. Mr. Murray had not been long in Lifu when the New Guinea Mission was proposed. A company of native teachers volunteered to act as pioneers in the new field, and Messrs. Macfarlane and Murray started on the important enterprise of settling them in 1871. It was a hazardou!I work, but it was successful. Mr. Murray took a second voyage to New Guinea with his wife in 1872 with eight native teachers from th… Loyalty Islands. Mr. (now Dr.) Wyatt Gill brought six more from the Hervey Islands. These were placed on islands in the Torres Straits and on New Guinea. Mr. Murray spent two years at Cape York watching the difficult mISSIOn. It was an anxious time, for some teachers had sickened, some had died, and some were murdered. The work, however, went on. The ranks were reinforced, and European missionaries were settled. Now a Christian Church is on New Guinea, and the New Testament is printed in the Motu language under the care of that noble missionary, Rev. W.o.. Lawes, who has just brought it from London.

Mr. Murray returned to Sydney in 1875, having spent forty years in active mission work. He then retired from direct service in connection with the society, but not from service to the cause. He visited England in 1875. In 1863 he had published a large and valuable book on " Missions in Western Polynesia." In 1876 he issued a narrative of his" Forty Years' Mission Work in Polynesia." He next prepared" The Martyrs of Polynesia," a striking record of those " who loved not their lives unto the death" for the sake of Christ. Then followed "Eminent Workers for Christ," a series of biographies. And he crowned his labors by publishing in 1888 "The Bible in the Pacific," a most interesting record of all the translations of the Holy Scriptures into Polynesian languages. His pen was never idle. lIe wrote in periodicals throughout all his time of retirement, and he left several MSS. ready for the press. He fr,equently preached during the same period, and always seemed happy in declaring the Gospel of Christ. He was a devout man, of great fervor of spirit, of burning zeal, and of marked catholicity. All who knew him loved him, for he loved all who loved the Lord Jesus Christ. He died in his eightyfirst year, and his funeral was attended by representatives of all the missionary societies, and by a large company of Christian friends who had loved the man and honored the missionary. That might be said of him which Wesley said of Fletcher: "I was intimately acquainted with him for above thirty years, . . . and in all that time I never heard him speak an improper word or saw him do an improper action. To conclude, many exemplary men have I known, holy in heart and life, within fourscore years, but one equal to him I have not known, one so inwardly and out· wardly devoted to God."

Mrs. Murray was long an invalid, but grew in the divine life. She passed away to her Saviour in 1882. Three years ~fterwarJ Mr. Murray was married again to a widow lady resident near Sydney. In her fello"- ship and ministering attention he lived seven years. He left only one son -an invalid -and five grandchildren.

DAVID BRAINERD

The Samoan Islands, where Mr. Murray labored so long, are all evangelized. Nearly all the young people can read and write. The nentrality of the group has been recognized by a conference of the powers of Great "Britain, Germany, and the United States. The rights of the citizens of these States with respect to trade, residence, and protection are equal. A native king has been elected, and a supreme court has been established, presided over by a judge from Germany. The climate is delightful, and is becoming a resort of such as desire a pleasant residence with an equable temperature. May nothing disturb the blessed work of missions there !

DAVID BRAINERD: HIS CHARACTER, WORK, AND RELATION TO THE MODERN MISSIONARY MOVEMEN'l'.

BY REV. W. D. SEXTON, DETROIT, MICH.

David Brainerd was one of a small but brilliant galaxy of names that appeared in the first half of the eighteenth century. Jonathan Edwards and John Wesley were both born in the same year-1703 j George Whitefield in 1714 and David Brainerd in 1718. These are names that still shine with unfading lustre. Individually and collectively they made profound impressions upon their own time, and bequeathed to subsequent generations a rich legacy of Gospel doctrine and Christian life. Both in England and America they arrested the ebbing tide of spiritual life, and set new bounds to the manifestation of God's power in reclaiming and sanctifying sinful men. It is no exaggeration to assert that they revolutionized the Christian thought and practice of their age.

In this group the names of the two Americans, Jonathan Edwards and David Brainerd, are indissolubly linked together. Jonathan Edwards was the representative character of ~ew England theology j David Brainerd was the representative character of New England piety. The former has been justly called" the apostle of Christian doctrine j" the latter, "the apostle of the Christian life." Each of these men exerted a marked influence upon the other. Neither would have been what he was without the other. Taken together, they mark an era in the development of Christian doctrine and the spirit of evangelism.

David Brainerd was born at Haddam, Conn., April 20th, 1718. He was born on a Sabbath day, a fit prophecy of his holy life. According to his own testimony, he was born again on a Sabbath day, July 12th, 1739. He began his missionary career among the Indians in April, 1743, and died at the home of Jonathan Edwards in Northampton, Mass., October 9th, 1747. For so short a life, it was marvellous in its influence upon subsequent generations.

As a boy he was not remarkable for precociousness, except along the line of unusual thoughtfulness upon teligious themes. From a boy he WI8 somewhat sober /lIld J1lUClI inclined to melanchol!, a characteristiq which increased as he grew older and at times became a source of great distress. At the age of seven or eight he became greatly concerned about his soul's salvation, and was specially terrified at the thought of death. His anxiety drove him to the performance of religious duties, but he found no satisfaction in them. He found it a melancholy business, which de. stroyed his eagerness for play. This concern, however, was of short duration, and left him at ease in Zion and without hope in the world. He continued in this state of little concern about his personal salvation till he was about thirteen years of age. At this time a mortal sickness prevailed at Haddam which greatly excited and alarmed him. This turned his attention anew to religious things, and from this time onward he was much engaged in religious duties j but he found little satisfaction, because they were performed, as he himself afterward discovered, from an entirely wrong motive. Just at this time in his life he was greatly distressed and saddened by the death of his mother. His father had previously died, and he was thus left an orphan at the age of fourteen. Naturally inclined to melancholy and to morbid self.introspection, these events deepened and intensified the sombreness of his life.

At the age of twenty he began to apply himself to study, with the design of fitting himself for college. According to the custom of the time, he put himself under the instruction of his pastor, at whose home"in Had· dam he then lived. He withdrew himself entirely from the society of young people, and gave himself exclusively to his studies and religious exer· cises. He read the Bible through .twice in less than a year, and applied himself assiduously to secret devotions. These were years of intense longing after spiritual comfort and rest, of constant struggling with the hardness of his own heart. During this period we find increasing mani. festation of a marked feature of his character. This was his habit of introspection. By it he made the most careful analysis of his own motives, and cultivated the keen discrimination which discerned the difference between true and false religion. So thoroughly and continuously did he analyze his own thought and affection, that he looked upon himself as the very worst of sinners. Sometimes he wondered that God would permit such a wicked person as he to live. The thought of our time is so occupied with the material and the external, so unused to such introspection and self·analysis, that we can scarcely understand the pain of such spiritual vivisection as Brainerd practised upon himself. It is certain that what the theologians call the" law work" was thoroughly and painfully accomplished in him. It is certain also that this process laid the foundations broad and deep for the remarkable piety of his after life. Unquestionably much of the shallowness of spiritual life in our generation arises from a shallow conviction of sin, which precedes the work of Divine grace in the soul. Many are now brought into the kingdom of God by a hot-house process which results in many blossoms of promise, but in little fruit "brought to 'perfectio~," For IUontqs Brahwrd ~oped in darkness, grievously burdened with a sense of sin. 'While not asserting the necessity of such prolonged agony in entering the kingdom, we may assert with confidence that "in a deep sense of sin, more perhaps than in anything else, abides a saving knowledge of God." Gradually Brainerd was led to see that all his religious duties were performed from a motive of selfish. ness, to secure his own happiness, and not from any respect to the glory of God. The realization of his condition greatly saddened and distressed him.

On Sabbath morning, July 12th, 1739, as he was taking his customary walk in a solitary place, a new experience dawned upon his soul. He describes himself as in a mournful and melancholy state. He tried to pray, but found no heart to engage in that or any other duty. He felt that the Spirit of God had quite left him. After trying to pray for nearly half an hour, and while walking in a dark, thick grove, a vision of unspeakable glory opened to the view and apprehension of his soul. This vision was a disclosure of the character and attributes of God such as he had never known. His description of it reminds us of a SImilar disclosure of God to Isaiah when he was called to the prophet~c office. His melancholy was dispelled, and he was so enraptured that he says he was " delighted and captivated with the excellency, loveliness, greatness, and other perfections of God." This event marked the beginning of an era in his life. The peace which he then received was not of sustained duration. Gathering clouds soon dimmed its radiance. Still this was a real disclosure of God to Brainerd, and he never forgot the radiance and joy of that day.

In September following this event he entered Yale College. He began his college course with great reluctance, lest he might not be able to lead a life of strict religion. It was while at New Haven that he came in contact with a movement which very largely gave direction to his whole after career. His relation to this movement gave rise to the saddest episode of his life, and at the same time intensified his zeal for the salvation of souls. This movement was rightly called" The Great Awakening." It is difficult for us now to appreciate fully the exigency which gave rise to the movement. Practical religion had fallen into decay. Faith had decayed into formalism. Christianity had become with many a dogma. At least it was no longer a manifest life in many of its professed adherents. Orthodoxy consisted in church-membership and the knowledge of theological shibboleths. The complicated relations of Church and State were then still unsettled. These relations made church-membership a political necessity. The result was a church, many of whose members were utter strangers to the experimental knowledge of religion. It was openly maintained that piety was not a necessary condition of church-membership. It was even claimed and publicly maintained that conversion was not a necessary qualification for the work of the Gospel ministry. With such notiolll> eutertained and defeudeo, it was certainly time for an awakening. The one idea which was emphasized in this movement above all others was the necessity of the new birth. We are gravely assured that this idea had been generally neglected, and in some Christian communities was utterly unknown. It was like the driven ploughshare in new soil. It caused intense religious agitation. It gave a mighty impetus to the cause of practical righteousness. The movement began in Northampton, Mass., under the searching and powerful preaching of Jonathan Edwards. The news of the remarkable revival at Northampton spread and produced a profound impression. The result was that when Whitefield visited New England in 1740, he found the soil everywhere prepared. Great revivals attended and followed his work. It is not surpri!ling, when we consider the situation, that the movement developed imprudences and extravagances. We could scarcely expect that the wheat would be wholly devoid of chaff. Amid much that was excellent there was also much that was unadvi!led in action and utterance.

The movement reached New Haven when Brainerd was in his Sophomore year. His soul was stirred. His was just the nature to be intensely moved by this religious quickening. He entered into the movement with zeal and enthusiasm. He himself afterward declared that he was guilty of imprudences and indecent heats. In his Junior year an imprudent remark, in regard to the piety of one of the authorities in the college, led to a difference between himself and the Faculty which resulted in his leaving college. His sensitive nature was deeply wounded by what he considered the unfair treatment which he received in connection with this event. The scar remained through life. During the year and a half that followed he made several attempts at reconciliation. At the time when his class graduated he presented to the Faculty a written apology, which is a model of Christian forgiveness, courtesy, and fairness. It was a sad day for him when he saw his classmates recei~-e their degrees, while he was destined to carry through life the brand of an outlaw. He harbored no resentment, but this event deepened and intensified the melancholy which was a part of his natural temperament.

The interval of a little more than a year between his departure from college and the beginning of his missionary career was spent in preparation for the Gospel ministry. Two things are pre-eminent in his experience during this year : the first, a morbid desire to die, and the other a passionate longing for the conversion of the heathen. The sense of his own sin and unworthiness, always so vivid, and increased now by the refusal of the college authorities to be reconciled, threw him into great dejection of spirits. He frequently breathed out his intense desire to be freed from the burdens of life. In his longings for the conversion of the heathen are manifest the risings of those characteristics which were destined to stamp his influence forever upon the world's history. At this time he declared that it was no matter to him when nor where nor how Christ should send hilll. '.I'he desire that God would enlarge HIS kingdom was the constant theme of his prayers. He longed to be sent among the heathen, but the way seemed closed, so that in August of 1742 he said he had almost lost his hopes of God's sending him afar among the heathen.

But while God was preparing the workman for the work, He was also preparing the path to the work. While Brainerd was pouring out his ardent prayers for the heathen and longing to be sent among them, God was stirring the hearts of Christian men in Scotland and America to begin a mission among the Indians. In this very year-1742-the Scotch Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge appointed three minis- ters of the Presbytery of New York as their commissioners, and authorized them to send· two missionaries to the Indians. These commissioners selected a Mr. Horton as their first missionary, whom they sent to Long Island. The second whom they selected was David Brainerd. Their proposal to him met a most hearty response. He had been longing for just such an opportunity to glorify God.

His first appointment was at Kaunameek, about half way between Stockbridge, Mass., and Albany, N. Y. Here, in what was then a lonely and melancholy wilderness, he began that career of missionary work which for complete self-abnegation and loyal service has never been surpassed and seldom equalled since apostolic times. The privations of the most distant and solitary foreign missionary at present are not greater than the privations which he endured. For many months his bed consisted of a heap of straw in a floorless log house. His food was hasty pudding, boiled corn, bread baked in the ashes, and sometimes a little meat and butter. Of him it might be said truly that it was his meat to do the will of God. His complete abandon to this work is evidenced by the fact that he sold the little patrimony which he possessed, and planned to use the proceeds in the Lord's work. He burned the bridges behind him.

It was the original intention of the commissioners to open a mission at the Forks of the Delaware, but for prudential reasons the execution of the plan had been dealyed. At the end of Brainerd's first year at Kaunameek the way appeared open to carry out the original design. Just at this time he had several flattering calls to accept the pastorate, but having put his hands to the plough, Brainerd was not the man to look back. He declined these calls, and started for what was then the distant post at the Forks of the Delaware. He now manifested a growing desire to do some special work for God. He himself says about this time, "Last year I longed to be prepared for a world of glory, but of late all my concern is for the conversion of the heathen, and for that end I long to live." It was this passionate longing for the salvation of souls which, growing stronger and stronger, urged him onward in his career of heroic toil. In addition to his work at the mission station, he undertook long journeys westward to the Susquehanna, to carry the Gospel to the Indian settlements upon the banks of that river. These journeys were always accompanied with much privation and sometimes with positive suffering. Through the unbroken wilderness he pushed his way, sometimes overtaken with storms, sometimes prostrated with a burning fever which detained him in the lone and terrible wilderness, and yet through all his sufferings he utte!"ed not a word of complaint, except that he was not living as near to God as hE' ardently desired. When he reached the distant settlements no comfortable lodging place awaited him. The" prophet's chamber" awaiting him was a wretched corn-crib, into which he crawled and passed the night. His thought was never of his own comfort. He saved not himself. His anxiety was that God might be glorified in himself and in the extension of Christ's kingdom. In the midst of his inl'essant labors and fatiguing journeys he was constantly suffering from poor health. Sometimes for several weeks he would be unable to attend to his accustomed duties. At such times he was greatly distressed, not on account of his personal suffering, but because he could do so little for the Master. He longed to do much in a little time, and any cessation of work made him feel that he was living for nothing; but in the midst of all his suffering he was constantly breathing out his longing for more conformity to the image of Christ. He was constantly hungering and thirsting after righteousness.

He spent a little over a year at the Forks of the Delaware together with these journeys to the Susquehanna. At the end of the year he was more dejected and discouraged than usual. Thus far, after two years of prayer and toil, he had not a single convert to encourage him. He had been zealous in work, he had agonized in prayer, but the fruit had not yet appeared. All this time he had preached and taught through an interpreter, and even the interpreter was still a stranger to the saving grace of God. This was an occasion of great anxiety and sorrow to the lonely mISSIOnary. The truth which he spoke with so much earnestness necessarily lost much of its force through the coldness of the interpreter. Is it any wonder that this man, who was by natural temperament inclined to melancholy, should become discouraged ~ He was so disappointed and saddened that he contemplated giving up the work at the end of the year j but the dawn of a brighter day was nearer than he thought. In ways that he least expected God granted to him the desire of his heart.

About eighty miles southeast of the Forks of the Delaware was a small settlement of Indians at a place called Crossweeksung. Brainerd determined to visit this place and present the story of the Gospel. He found them peculiarly susceptible to the truth. They were immediately interested and impressed. The news of Brainerd's presence and preaching spread abroad, and the natives began to flock in from every direction. It was here in the following eighteen months that his ardent desires were at last gratified. With increasing joy, we may say it reverently of him, he saw of the,travail of his soul and was satisfied. The revival which now accompanied his labors was one of the most remarkable in the history of Christian enterprise.

Suddenly there fell upon the whole Indian population what Brainerd called "a most surprising coneern." From all parts of the eountry the people came streaming in, eager to hear the Gospel. They listened in speechless interest to his preaching, and many fell down in frantic distress of soul. The air would sometimes be full of their cries for mercy Multitudes were overwhelmed in distress of soul. This condition was not brought about by the presentation of the terrors of the law. Brainerd did not preach to the Indians such sermons as Jonathan Edwards's famous sermon, " Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God." His presentation of truth was rather along the line of what we call the doctrines of Divine grace. He says that under this preaching sometimes the power of God seemed to descend upon the assembly like the rushing of a mighty wind, and with astonishing energy bore down everything before it. He compares it to "the irresistible force of a mighty torrent or swelling deluge, that with its unsupportable weight and pressure bears down and sweeps b~fore it whatever is in its way." This was not a mourning which ended in tears. Many of the wretched savages were rescued from superstition and gross wickedness, and gave ample evidence that they had passed from darkness into the marvellous light of God:s children.

It was painfully evident, however, that Brainerd's work could not be long continued. His physical strength could not endure the strain. During this single summer he travelled more than three thousand miles, often for several weeks preaching nearly every day and faithfully training the converts by means of catechetical classes. He organized the converts into a church, the first church ever organized on this continent solely of Indian Christians. The following summer, as he continued his work, failing health was constantly pressing upon him. Consumption, that grim monster of disease, had fastened its relentless hold upon him. His heroic efforts to continue his work are exceedingly pathetic. He did not give up until absolutely forced by constantly increasing weakness. In the spring of 1747 he reluctantly bade his congregation farewell and turned his face to New England, still hoping even against hope that he might rally and return to his beloved people. He went to the home of Jonathan Edwards, to whose daughter he was engaged in marriage, with the, ardent hope that rest might restore him to health. He there consulted the family physician, who told him frankly that his life was nearing its end. He was not at all disturbed by this announceme!lt. He had too often longed for death to be terrified when told that it was approaching. He rallied sufficiently to make a visit to Boston, where he interested some prominent Christians in the conversion of the Indians. To the very last he was consecrated to his chosen work. The result of this visit to Boston was the raising of money and the sending of two missionaries to the Six Nations. While there he was brought very low, but again lie rallied and was permitted to return to Northampton, Mass., where he died at the home of Jonathan Edwards, surrounded by the tender ministry of friends, October 9th, 1747. .

He had not yet reached the thirtieth mile-stone in life's journey-a

EA!lT AFRICAN MIB~IONI!!

short life, yet imperishable in its influence upon the progress of the Redeemer's kingdom. It was a life of deep humility, intense longing after God, and magnificent heroism. When duty called, he went forward unflinchingly. The lesson which he himself drew from the long and weary path, before he reached the consummation of his desires in the converSion of souls, was" that it is good to follow the path of duty, even in the midst of darkness and discouragement." To the account of his self.devotion, as published in his journal, the modern Church owes more than we can estimate for the spirit of evangelism which has given force to the mis· sionary movement of the present century. The story of Brainerd had something to do in stirring the mind and heart of William Carey, the " father of modern missions." Samuel Mills learned the same story from the lips of his godly mother. Henry Martyn was inspired to similar deeds of heroism in foreign lands. So the circle widens. Who can measure the power of one short life consecrated to the Master's service? If Brainerd's spirit of abandon to the cause and kingdom of Jesus Christ were to possess the whole Church of Christ, the fulfilment of precious promises would be at hand. The story of his life will never lose its power. So long as the Church of Christ eudures it will be told as an evidence of the possibilities of grace in the individual, and the supernatural power of an ever·present Christ to work miracles of grace in the conversion of souls.

EAST AFRICAN MISSIONS.

TRANSLATED BY REV. C. C. STARBUCK.

On our way from Uganda to the East Coast we pass the stations of the C. M. S. in Djaggaland (Moshi on the side of Kilimanjaro, Taveta or Taita, and SangalIa), where at last the first baptisms have taken place. The translation of the Gospel of Matthew is just going through the press.

The well-known Free Church missionary, Dr. Stewart, appears to have undertaken something of great importance for East Africa in the establishment of the missionary settlement in the domain of the chief Kilundu on the Kibwezi River. This is now in prosperous progress northward of Kilimanjaro. This industrial settlement is patterned after Lovedale, in South Africa, and is called New Lovedale. The British East African Company has contributed $48,000 toward it. It was established by a great caravan consisting of two hundred and twenty persons. This en· countered serious difficulties, especially on the two days' march through the waterless Taro waste, but happily reached its goal. Work at once began-tree-felling, house-building, road-making, planting, etc.-and in a few months there stood a little village in the African wilderness, with a pretty church, in which Sunday services are held in Swahili. They have also brought along a little herd of cattle, includillg sixty oxen. They hope by using these to relieve the poor Wakamoa womcn! on whose shoulders alone the field work has hithertq rested. They are contemplating also a second settlement at Machako, some fifteen miles northwestward.

It may not be uninteresting to say a word respecting the founder of this mission, whose future, under God, is so promising. He is now a man of sixty-one years. Born February 14th, 1831, as the son of a Scot· tish farmer, Dr. Stewart studied theology, and after having served for a short time as assistant pastor, and having found that the Free Qhurch yet hesitated to establish a mission in Central Africa, he went independently into Zambesiland. Here he accompanied Mrs. Livingstone to her hus. band, who was then on the'Shire, and was present at her death. On his way home he, at Dr. Duff's suggestion, visited Natal and Transkei, and then made a report to the home church of the prospects of missions in the regions traversed by him. During his stay in Scotland he studied medicine, and then, as a Central African mission seemed yet remote, went, in 1864, to Lovedale, which attained to its present importance under his guidance. The daughter institute of Lovedale-Blythswood, in Fingulandwas also established by him. When in 1874 Livingstone's remains were deposited in Westminster ~~bbey, Dr. Stewart was present, and it was principally his zeal to which it was owing that the two Scottish churches (the Free Church and the Establishment) were induced to take in hand their Nyasa Mission. After having first completed extensive buildings at Lovedale, Dr. Stewart, in 1876, assumed charge of the Livingstonia Mission, which under him has attained to so grand an extension. Accordingly, when the British East African Company meditated establishing a settlement like Lovedale inward from Mombasa, all eyes were turned upon this well-proved man, and after a brief stay in Scotland the youthful veteran, with the consent of his Church, undertook the execution of this difficult enterprise last summer. Just at present, after having brought things well in train, he is again at home.

A little north of Mombasa, in the Wituland, the Neukirchen Mission has its two stations-Lamu, on the island of that name, and Ngao, on the Tana River. The present force is five missionaries. Everything here is in the shell j there is barely a beginning made with a small number of scholars. Lamu, being Mohammedan, is a difficult soil. Whether Golbanti, the neighboring station to Ngao, also on the Tana, has been reestablished by the united English Free Methodists, is not clear.

The Bavarian Lutheran' Mission, whose 'field is very near Kisulutini, has now three stations-;-Djimba, Mbungu, and Ikutha. These are now pretty well established, and a small number of believers begins to be gathered. They have a good deal of trouble about starting schools.

The accounts of the English Mombasa Mission are yet defective, although a new station-Djilore-is mentioned as being opened among the Wakamba. On the other hand, the station at the ternlinus of the projected railroad has been given up. Indeed, we are not sure as to the CODtinuance of the railway itself. We come now to the German" sphere of influence," and here strike first, in Tanga, upon the first station of the German East African Society (Berlin IlL). Northwest of that is the second station-Hohenfriedbergfounded about a year ago. The third station (the first established) is at Dar·es-Salam. There is the hospital over which there has been so much discussion. From this point they are planning for a fourth station among the Wasaramo. As yet there is no intelligence of any results whatever, even at the two earlier stations. Hohenfriedberg appears the most hopeful, where some active young clergymen of regular training are at work. (In Germany university men are an exception among missionaries.) Some rather fantastic crusading plans of these young brethren are doubtless youthful fantasies, soon to pass away. We cannot believe that the committee will encourage any such.

At Panga, a little southwest of Tanga, we come upon the first of the four main districts of the Universities'Mission-namely, Usambara, with its 12 stations, Kologwe being only a year old. The number of scholars at this has risen from 330 in 1890-91 to 722, and a large number of natives are active as teachers. The last opened school, at Mlembuli, was built. entirely by the natives. Special attention is given to schools throughout the district. The second main field of the U. M. is the island of Zanzibar, with three stations, two being devoted entirely to education. They are now about erecting a mission hospital. The Swahili literature has been enriched by several new works. The mission has suffered a heavy loss in the death of Susi, the well-known servant of Livingstone, who for years had been the right hand of Bishop Steere and Bishop Smythies. The third district of the U. M. lies a good way to the south, on the river Rovuma, and now embraces five stations, at which a large number of baptisms have taken place, and the number of scholars has also increased. Fourthly and finally, the Nyasa district, with nine stations, all which, except two island stations, lie close together on the east central shore of the lake, in the Portuguese " sphere of influence." Here also gladdening progress is reported. For instance, at the central station alone, on Likoma Island, the number of the baptized has risen from 66 to 110; of the school children along the shore, from 259 to 421. A new station is planned at Isombe, in the centre of Yaoland ; to the literary treasures have been added a little catechism, a translation of Mark and of an Old Testament book.

Eastward of Bagamoyo, about a third of the way, as well to Victoria Nyanza as to Tanganyika, are found in Ugago the three stations of the Church Missionary Society, lfwapwa, Mamboia, and Kisokwe. A small number of believers has been gathered here, the Sunday services are attended by several hundred persons, and on their preaching tours the missionaries find a friendlier reception than at first.

Within the German "sphere of influence" the London Missionary Society has a station at Urambo, some thirty five miles east of Tanganyika, where a missionary physician renders services widell" sought after. The two oth~r stations of this society are at the south end of Ta~ganyika :"-'F~ambo, and the new station, Niumkurlo, right on the shor~ of the lake. There at last regular missionary work is in course, and first C0nve.rts have been baptized. We say at last, for no other Central Afr;can mission has experimented around so much and, in proportion to the sacrifice .of men and money within fifteen years, accomplished so ~ittle as this. The Report for 1891 gives a review from 1880-90 which is not very heartening. We cannot resist the impression that there has been here a lack of steady and well-advised guidance.

We come now to the Nyasa missions. Northward an'-~ ~northwestward from the lake, in the German "sphere of influence," .le first the two stations fonnded last year-vVangemannsheight, of the ',';erlin Society, and Makapalile, of the Moravians. The Berlin Society is ll:inded to push on its work vigorously, and has just appointed two additionallllen f0r this field.

The Free Church also, having given up Kararamuka, founded a new station at the north end of the lake, beyond the river Songwe, in the German " sphere of influence." It is called Uwnmdale, and was established by Dr. Kerr· Cross. It is a short two days' journey from the Moravian station Makapalile. Dr. Kerr-Cross and his companions are enchanted by the beautiful and fruitful mountain-land, whose height they estimate at from five to seven thousand feet. The Scotch brethren have been received with extreme kindness by the natives, with whom the doctor can converse in Wakonde. The women and children, it is true, are very shy. Unhappily, the missionhouse was burned as soon as built. The latest news is that the Arab slavetraders to the north of the Nyasa are already plying their accursed trade after the old fashion, and there is only too much reason to fear their hostile designs against the new stations.

The Free Church missions all lie on the west shore of the lake, and those of the Universities' Mission on the east. The two missions, so different in their ecclesiastical tone, maintain cordial terms of neighborhood and friendship. The Free Church headquarters are at Bandawe, a fresh and vigorous station, influential far and wide around. Here prevails an active missionary life. E.-ery Sunday, besides the Sunday-school, there are two numerously attended services in the vernacular, and on several days of the week Bible and catechism classes. The missionaries have been very reserved in granting baptism, but have now the joy of administering this holy sacrament to growing numbers, and have also been permitted to admit no small company to the communion. Thus there is growing up a well-established Christian Church, which itself exercises a watchful discipline, and co-operates in spreading abroad the Gospel. Every Sunday native believers, especially trained to this work by the station missionary, go out into the surrounding twenty-five or thirty villages to the distance of fifteen miles, to carry thither the knowledge of the Gospel, and over one hundred natives help in the numerous schools which have been established, and in which more than four thousand children receive Christian instruction. Four native tongues have been thoroughly studied and applied; in Nyanja the whole New Testament is already printed, as well as a number of school books; in the other three there are at least individual gospels, primers, etc. Moreover, there is an active industrial life also at the station-a printing-house, book-bindery and joinery, gardening and tillage, laying out of roads, etc. An especial blessing is the medical mission, with its healing mercies among the people. This has been pec~liarly beneficial in the many intestine wars of the natives themselves, as well as between the Arab slave-hunters and the natives. Happily these are becoming less frequent.

Westward from Bandawe lies Ngoniland, with its savage population. This is occupied by several stations. Here also, notwithstanding the continuous disturbances from war, the Gospel is gaining increasing influence. Services and schools are more largely attended, and candidates are coming forward for baptism. In the south of Ngoniland the wildness of heathenism is the mORt intractable. Wars have within a year raged here which have not only greatly hindered the work of the mission, but have put the lives of the missionaries in danger. The Livelize Valley, at the south end of the lake, was full of wasted fields and villages burned and despoiled. The mighty chief Mponda, whose territory lies along the southern outlet of the lake, availed himself of the war between two Angoni tribes to fall upon both and secure slaves in multitudes, whom he then sofd to the Arabs, which in turn roused the British consul, Johnston, to undertake an expedition against him and the Arabs, in which he himself suffered considerable losses, and appears to have made unhappy mistakes. The missions have.been by no means at one with the course of his policy. Happily the consequences appear to have been by no means so disastrous as the anti-English press of Germany was glad to forebode. At all events, the stave-hunting land wasters have been inspired with a measure of salutary terror. The missionaries, moreover, were forced to witness repeatedly proofs of the yet unbroken might of sorcery. In a single village which they passed they found thirty men lying corpses from the poison ordeal. In southern Ngoniland the Reformed Dutch Church of South Africa also has a station, Mwera. It is in its infancy, but has already candidates under training for baptism. The present chief is not so hostile to the mission as his bloodthirsty father was, but sadly given to drunkenness. Some new missionaries have just been sent out from the Cape to form a second station.

On the way from the Nyasa to the coast we finally reach, in the Shire highland, the extraordinarily flourishing station of the Scottish Establishment, Blantyre. Not only in Blantyre is there a growing church, but such are forming also in Domasi, Chirazulu, and Milanje, while friendly relations are developing with almost all the tribes around the Shire. Three hundred children go to school in Blantyre, the girls' boarding-school

Ml!:XICO'S TWOFOLD CURSE

alone having more than fifty pupils. Thirteen youths are in training as teachers, twelve as printers, nine as carpenters, two as gardeners, eight as masons; the communicant class is so full that a single missionary can scarcely superintend it ; .the great church-a Central African cathedralis filled on Sundays, and the attendants come also from outside, often from afar. For greater freedom of movement the mission will soon have a steamer of its own.

The Catholic missions also are developing a vigorous activity in East Africa. Outside of Uganda they are confined to the German " sphere of influence." The order which has been longest at work (since 1861) is the French Congregation of the Holy Ghost and the Sacred Heart of Mary. The vicariate apostolic assigned to it, North Zanzibar, comprises seven stations, the well-known Bagamoyo being the chief. In 1879 the Lavigerian missionaries of Africa (known as the White Fathers) appeared on the scene, first in Uganda, where their intrusion upon the Protestant mission established almost two years before has wrought such dire confusion. Besides the vicariate apostolic of the Victoria Nyanza, the vicariate apostolic of Tanganyika and the provicariate apostolic of U nyamyenve have been also assigned to them. A part of the former extends (with three stations) from the west shore of the lake into the Congo State, and belongs to the provicariate apostolic of the Upper Congo; the latter lies wholly within the German" sphere of influence," its central station being Tabora. The number of the" White Fathers" at work in these districts is very considerable; on the Tanganyika there stood at their side an armed force commanded and organized by two Belgian captains, primarily, it is true, to suppress the slave trade, but secondarily also to give more emphasis to the missionary activity of the Peres. For these gentlemen are "at once missionaries and soldiers." They gather the natives into villages, which stand under their protection, etc. There exists also a prefecture apostolic of South Zanzibar, which is committed to the St. Benedict M. S. of St. Ottilia in Upper Bavaria. At present Dar-es-Salam is its headquarters. It is intended soon to restore the station Pugu, destroyed in the revolt.-.Allgemeine Missions-Zeitschrijt, July, 1892.

MEXICQ'S TWOFOLD CURSE.

BY REV. J. MILTON GItEENE, D.D.

Romanism and infidelity, these are the great obstacles which impede the true elevation and progress of our sister republic. The latter is the natural result and fruit of the former. I am aware that in saying this I am antagonizing not a few among us who cherish the belief that Romanism is a better form of religion for the Mexicans than evangelical Christianity would be. The trouble with all such is that they do not know what Romanism, pure and simple, is. They have in mind the Romish Church modified by its Protestant enviL'onment, such as we see it in our own land, obliged by an enlightened public sentiment and conscience to be externally and to do many things which are in contradiction to its traditional and essential principles and policy. I saw the other day, in Omaha, a specimen of the maguey plant, perhaps three feet high by two feet in diameter. It was an exotic. If I had taken it as a fair sample of the product I should have greatly erred. It had been dwarfed and hindered in its development by its unnatural and unfavorable lmrroundings. I could not but contrast it with the magnificant plants) had seen in Mexico, where soil and climate favor their growth, and where they attain to the height of ten to twelve feet and a similar width. So it is, if I mistake not, with Romanism. What we see in our own favored land is really a modi- fied form of the system. It is not the natural and symmetrical de'velopment of its declared principles. It is not the normal outgrowth of its peculiar genius and spirit. Take the authorized utterances of Romanism and compare them with the Church as we see it, and they do not correspond at all. For example, Rome teaches that the many should be kept in ignorance and that only the few should be educated. But among us it is rare to find a Romish child who is not being taught either in the public or the parochial schools. And Father McGlynn gives us the explanation of this when he says that" if there were no public schools there would be no parochial schools. " In Mexico, where the Romish Church has had uulimited sway for more than three centuries over a people naturally gifted and susceptible of high civilization, she has educated only a very few of her children, so that el'en to this day not more than one in ten of her men and not one in twenty of her women can read, while she has suffered slavery for debt to exist under protection of law over a large part of the country. The canon law of the Romish Church distinctly declares that the Pontiff" as God is far above the reach of all human law and judgment, and that all laws contrary to the canons and decrees of the Roman prelates are of no force." In our own land, Romish citizens, as a rule, are obedient and loyal so far as outwardly appears, and honor the claims of the civil law; but in Mexico the people, following the precepts and example of the priesthood, fought for thirty years the nascent republic, and to-day are found in uncompromising rebellion against the laws of the land relative to public instruction, monastic orders, public religious processions, and the wearing on the streets of priestly vestments. Wherever these and such like laws are respected it is done under protest and only through fear. Away from the great centres there is a systematic and consistent violation of them. One of the provisions of Rome's canon law is that" heretics are to be deprived of aJl civil and paternal rights," and it is added, ' , We do not esteem those homicides to whom it may have happened, in their zeal for their mother Church against the excommunicated, to kill some of them." Now, in the United States converts from Romanism enjoy equal liberty and protection with others. Here there is liberty of speech and thought and conscience, and we do not think of the system as being at all distinct in this particular from any other church. She respects and tolerates even her apostates. But how changed is all this as soon a1l we cross the Rio Grande and pass into Mexico! There the system, unless directly checked by the civil authority, sanctions the principle that in Rome "there can be no toleration. " It is forbidden to employ a Protestant artisan or to consider him as having any rights which others are bound to respect. He may be insulted, robbed, and injured in person or family with impunity. If he has aught to sell, he must accept less than his neighbors j and if he desires to buy anything, he must pay more for it than they. He may literally be spit upon and stoned and buffeted, and can find no redress even in the courts, because in effect Rome wears the ermine. Nay more, Romanism shoots, stabs, butchers those whom she considers as heretics, and so far from considering this as crime, she defends the assassins. Witness the massacres of Aca. puleo, Ahuacuatitlan, and Almoloya, and the martyr roll of sixty which stains the pages of missionary history of Mexico during the last twenty-five years. Many among us will be found to deny the existence in the Romish Church of an authorized tariff wherein every sin, however loathsome, has its price j but we who have seen and read said tariff, consider it only as a principle whose practical outworking is seen in the every-day life of priests and people as we have known them in Mexico. In no other way can we explain the existence of perjury, drunkenness, gambling, and fornication almost universal among the priesthood, and of practical polygamy, lying, stealing, and adultery among the people j yea, and even of murder. Let us not "deceive ourselves. Look at the encyclical of Leo XIII., under date of September 25th, 1891, and read these words: "Naturalization oaths have been demanded in order that the subjects of the true Church might be made to subscribe to the United States Constitution, with its impious laws and nefarious teachings, to compel them to renounce the true authority of the Catholic pontiff." This is in full accord with the canon law of Rome, but not with Rome as unthinking people see and judge her. That law says that" the constitutions of princes are not superior but subordi· nate to ecclesiastical constitutions." How, then, can a consistent Roman Catholic be an American patriot, an obedient and loyal citizen? He can· not j and he will, if intelligent, defend himself by citing one of the canon laws, which says that" no oath is to be kept toward heretics, princes, lords, or others." Now, Romanism as it is, and as thus described, has in Mexico given birth to a twin curse, which is disbelief-an utter lack of faith not only, but an attitude of bitter animosity toward the Bible and all that is called Christianity. The fathers and brothers of the country very gen erally coincide with the sentiment which I recently saw in a representative newspaper, that" the Bible has been the greatest obstacle to the civilization and progress of Mexico." They believe that Roman Catholicism is the legitimate successor to the Church ()f tne apostles j they consider our

A CONVERTS' HOMEo

Bible an adulteration and ourselves as impostors, and believe that they have seen and known Christianity in seeing and knowing the Romish Church. And thus to-day French, German, and American infidelity, including spiritualism, find nowhere a more hearty welcome or a more congenial field than in Mexico. And for this reason I consider missionary work in Mexico, as in all papal countries, more difficult than it is in pagan lands. The Gospel has not to encounter and overcome a :t>ase system of heathenism, but a shameful counterfeit of itself, a public sentiment bitterly prejudiced against it by a system worse than heathenism that has palmed itself upon the people as Christianity.

A CONVERTS' HOME.

A Converts' Home for High-Caste Women has been opened at Masu- lipatam, under the lady missionaries of the Church of England Zenana Mission. It is the first building of the kind north of Madras. A cor- respondent sends us the following particulars regarding it from a letter in the Lut:hera,n Observer: " This home stands forth amid the heathenism around, a refuge to the timid, cruelly treated widow. It invites into its portals the deserted wife, homeless mothers and orphan children, all of whom find a welcome and an incentive to liye useful and honorable lives. The need of such a home may not be known to all my readers. Let me briefly explain:- In our part of India, whenever caste persons become Christians-often if only a leaning toward Christianity is manifested-they are cut off from every privilege of home. Here most emphatically accepting Christ means to the high-caste a forsaking of home and friends. It is so rare that I have never heard of an instance in which a caste woman accepting Christianity wall able to care for herself. The helplessness of Indian women is almost beyond the power of those living in Western homes to understand. Before these women can support themselves and care for themselves they must be under the most careful and wise training for years. When they become Christians they can seldom do more than read a little; in household work they are extravagant, careless, often dirty; in takiug care of their bodies or their children they need constant watching. In order to train them for useful work, for valuable members of the Christian Church, for examples of true womanhood to their heathen sisters, arrangements for as constant guarding as for children, combined with the freedom to develop womanhood, is necessary. Such a building is the Converts' Home at Masulipatam. At present there are about fifteen women and children in the home. It is a soul-inspiring sight to see these women, diligent Oat work, happy during recreation hours, devout at prayers. Some are preparing to help the sick, some are teachers in Mohammedan and Hindu Zenanas and in the girls' schools. The Misses Brandon had to borrow money to build it, and have made themselves responl"ible for the sum borrowed. Something is surely wrong with the Church at home when such a thing is necessary. A money order sent to Miss J. R. Bran. don, Masulipatam, South India, or Rev. A. O'B. Brandon, 206 Amhurst Road, West Hackney, IJondon, would reach her safely. "-English Paper.

INTERNATIONAL DEPA,RTMENT

II.-INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT.

BDITED AND CONDUCTED BY BEV. ;So T. GRACEY, D.D.

The Decennial Oonference in India, per cent. The aggregate figures for India, Burma, and Ceylon are as fol- [J. T. G.] lows: Native Christian community at the end of 1890, 559,661, being an in- The custom of holding a general con- crease of 142,289 during the nine years ference of all the missions in each of from 1881 to 1890. The number of' the great foreign mission fields once in communicants is 182,722, being a gain ten years or so is one involving great of 69,397. The number of pupils in labor, considerable expense, and inter- mission schools is 279,716, an advance ruption of work, but it certainly must of 92,064. Of the grand total, about find its compensations in the wisdom 175,000 are boys and 104,000 are girls. got from interchange of view and the These figures exclude the Sundaygeneral attention attracted to the work, schools, the pupils in which number as well as in the mutual stimulation of 135,565, compared with 61,688 in 1881. social and religious intercourse. We Taking the figures by provinces as to have looked with great interest to the communicants, Bengal gives an increase Conference which convened in Bombay, of 32 ; Northwest Provinces, 193 ; Punin the last days of last year and the jab, 210 ; Central India, 111 ; Bombay, early days' of this year. The papers, 88, and Madras, 55 per cent. Scheduled discussions, and addresses will be filter- in relation to denominational societies, ing through tho press for many a day American and British, the Baptists show to come, and we must be content with 53,801 communicants, as against 30,245 a partial reference to it at this time. in 1881; Congregationalist. including the LondoD Missionary Society and the THE STATISTICS. American Board, 13,775, as against 9689 ; Episcopalians, 52,377, instead of We had come to make estimates of 40,990; Presbyterians, 11,128, instead the growth of the missions, based on of 5714; Methodists, 15,782, instead of the previous ratios of increase, so as to 4205; the large proportion-viz., 13,111 anticipate what these returns would -being those of the Methodist Episshow; but we have reckoned wrongly copal Church of America. this time. The figures are not as encouraging as was anticipated. We can- Confining ourselves to the statistics not now say what the cause or causes for India proper, we find that a striking may be. One feature of difference is feature of these returns is the increase that these are made for nine years, of agents. The foreign and Eurasian while the others were made for ten agents went up between 1871 and 1881 years, the change being made to con- from 488 to 586-increase, 98 ; between form hereafter with the date of the 1881 and 1890 the advance wall from government census. So far as ratio of 586 to 808, lin increase of 222, or more incrpase goes, of course it is not so easy than twice as many as the preceding to maintain this on the larger number decade. This shows an increased inas on the smaller; it is much easier to terest in Christian countries in the double ten than it is to double ten thou- evangelization of India, and an increase sand; but the returns do not need any in the opportunities and conditions of apology. They will show an advance foreign work. The next item of interper cent far ahead of the ratio of in- est is the increase of the native ordained crease in the popUlation. Possibly the workers. From 1871 to 1881 the adincrease of the population might be vance was from 225 to 461, an increase conceded to be 10 per cent, while the of 136. Now it is from 461 to 785. an Christians have incfeaaed at least 50 increase of 324: whioh shows an en- superstitions and beliefs are dying couraging growth in the development down. Christian llentiments and be. of a stable organization of the native liefs are taking their place. church. The number of native preachers went up between 1871 and 1881 .. There are evidences of Divine pow. from 1985 to 2488, an increase of 493 ; er and grace, the Holy Spirit at work now they have advanced to 3336, an in- taking of the things of Christ and recrease of 858. When we remember the vealing them to men. What is wanted, theory that no country can be evangel- what should be looked for, wrought ized but by its own native agency, this for, is more of that Divine power." increase in fact and in ratio is very encouraging. There is the other fact, ~ PAPERS. however, to be borne in mind when 'we get too much elated, that. these are al- The papers prepared for this confer. most exclusively paid agents, on the pay. ence were presented in printed form. roll of the societies or of the churches, We refer to only a few of them. Rev. and that these agents have grown faster J. L. Phillips, M.D., the General Secrethan the statistical results. An increase tary of the India Sunday·school Union, of 25 per cent in the agents in the pre- in discussing" The Sunday-school our ceding decade brought 100 per cent in- Opportunity in India," gave the results creBlle of communicants; now an in- of his labor and observations during crease of one third in the agents yields twenty five months of travel throughout an increase of but 28 per cent in com- India. In considering the opportunity, municants. he referred not only to the quarter of a lao in regular attendance upon mis. The various denominations show sionary day-schools, but to the millions varying excellences. The Church of more not reached by any school and England leads in the number of foreign right religious influence, who are acordained missionaries in India proper; cessible to us now, but who were shut the Baptists in the number of commn- to our fathers. Calls are coming from nicants ; the Presbyterians in the num· many Hindu and Moslem homes to ber of pupils in Anglo.vernacular teach their sons and daughters, from schools; the Methodists in the number parents who will never accept the truth of pupils in female boarding.schools, themselves; in fact, who say, "We day schools, zenanas, and orphanages. shall die as we are, hut our children will be Christians." In many cases We have dealt only with the lesson these children will bring their unbe. of the bare statistics, and that only very lieving parents to Christ. He quoted superficially; but there are other items cases in point. His next point WBll the which lie beyond statistics, like those opportunity which the Sunday.school which Rev. Edward Storrow mentions affords for developing the native church. in The Ohristian when he says: " Few comparatively may become pun. dits and preachers, physioians or "The number of secret disciples is translators, or achieve success in any unusually great. Some missionaries of the so-called learned professions, but of large experience and sober judgment the Sunday-school brings them an op· suppose that their number does not portunity for service admirably adapted fall short of the avowed adherents. to all classes." 'Ihe Sunday-sohool af- However this may be, their great num- fords an opportunity for increasing ber attested by various witnesses is an Christian endeavor among Europeans. important evidence of the success of "Everybody knows how much of the missions beyond the avowed lines. ungirt loin and unlit lamp there is in India. Our Sunday-schools are calling " Christianity, in a general but real out idlers into service Within the sense, is undoubtedly advancing. A past two years quite a number of Euroknowledge of Bible truth Dnd doctrine is greatly on the increase. Heathen peans have begun leaming a language I am thankful to say their funds are at for the sake of working among the chilo last exhausted, and they have closed dren." Dr. PhiHipspleaded for organ. their last school. Now I· hope we shall ized effort. Since the organization of be more frtle."

the India Sunday·school Union, in 1876, "The Religious Training of Chilo this line of work has been greatly in. dren" was treated by Miss S. F. Gald creased. There are denominational and ner, of the American Woman's Union.

geographical organizations that should She pleaded for the employment only of be advanced. He looked forward to a believing teachers in the schools. Sh,e uniQn of all the Sunday.school forces said: in India and Ceylon. He urged co· " A missionary from the Oorriya dis· operation, and the improvement of trict said to me: • In some of our viI· their present methods by preparation lages where heathen pandits are em· classes for teachers and Sunday-school ployed I was delighted in my periodical literature, and asked attention to the visits to hear how beautifully the boys India Bunday-Scltool Journal. He urged repeated their Scripture lessons, but a normal training for the older pupils, close questioning one day brought out wanted a Sunday-school in every Chris· the fact that without exception they tian congregation, in bazaars and vil. had been taught that Jesus Christ was lages, in Hindu schools where invited, their Krishna, and in another case com· on tea and coffee estates for cooly chilo ing under my own knowledge, the pan· dren, such as have been recently opened dit frankly confessed that he taught in Ceylon, also for servants and their both his own religion and ours. I children, among patients in the hos· asked another Brahman pandit, Suppose pitals and dispensaries. Dr. Phillips one of the children in your school has travelled thirty thol1sand miles in should be convinced of the truth of the interests of this work since he took these verses that you are obliged to it up some two years ago. make them commit, and should want " Evangelistic Work among the Wom. to become a Christian, would you op- en of India" is a paper by Miss S. L. pose it? 'I most certainly should,'

Mulvany, of the Church of England was his answer. They are not all so Zenana Mission. She pleads 8>lpecial1y frank as this, or there may be some too for Moslem women. Speaking of the indifferent to their own religion to care wave of opposition which passed over to emphasize it."

their mission at Amritsar, she quotes ., The ~ Young Men's Christian Asso- Miss Wauton as writing: ciation as a Missionary Agency" was " I think there was much more prog. discussed by David McConaughy, Secre· ress noticeable in former years than taryof the Indian National Committee, during the last ten years, but perhaps who stated that within a few years the it does not follow that there is really missionary conferences at Tokyo, Mad· lesl!l. We have had some tremendous ras, Calcutta. Colombo, Jaffna, Peking, attacks made upon us, first by the Arya Shanghai, Sao Paulo, and Mexico had Somaj, who nearly emptied our schools, testified to the adaptation of this form and then by an Anjumani Islamformed of work among the young men of these for the purpose of resisting the efforts several fields. The United States and of the Zenana Mission. In short, both Canada have sent two men to Japan, were rival missions; they copied our two to India, one to Brazil, and one to plans, opened schools close to our doors, Mexico, and another is going to China.

swept our scholars into them by dint They gave to this work last year $9588.

of bribes and threats, and following us The English National Council has sent to the houses, tried to get them closed out two secretaries, one for Egypt and against us. This Anjuman has beAn Palestine and one for Bombay PrAsi.

going on for more than three years, but dency. In India there was an associa.- tion formed as long ago as 1873 in Tra- sufferers without the suggestion or even vancore, the earliest association in Asia. the knowledge of missionaries. There are only four of the associations llOW in existence which were known at WORK AMONG THE DEPRESSED CLASSES. the time of the last Decennial Conference. The First National Convention The papers on this subject were very called for India met February, 1891. 'interesting. Dr. S. Martin, of Seal- A national committee was formed to kote, said : "The work among the de. superintend the work throughout India. pressed classes is difficult, but yet the There are now sixty-eight associations most encouraging, and the fact that misenrolled. sion work in India has had its greatest success among the lower classes is a We rEgret that we cannot summarize proof that it is of God, and gives us en. the able paper on " The Social and Legal couragement for the future. A success- Rights of Native Christians," by Rev. ful work among the most ignorant classes H_ E. Perkins. It concludes by recom- will make the evangelization.of the more mending a committee to investigate intelligent masses an easier, task. A what are the precise rights, legal, so- practical exemplification of the power cial, and domestic of the native Chris- of Christianity to elevate the low and tians, and to seek further legislation, degraded will be its best recommendashould such be found necessary to pro- tion to others. As to the best method tect those rights. of conducting work among the lowest classes, this is a question that has not ~'Mission Work among Lepers" was yet received a solution satisfactory to treated by Wellesley C. Bailey. "The all. Where there are large numbers of Moravians were the first in this field, inquirers they cannot be received into and led the van in this as they have the mission compound and instructed. done in so many undertakings of diffi. They must be left in their homes cultyand danger," says the writer. He and instructed at such times as oppor· records their work in South Africa. In tunity offer!!. Mass movements should India there was from comparatively be expected. The apostles helieved early days indiTidual work for lepers. in mass movements, and baptized all In 1847 General Ramsay (C.B., KC.S.I., that wanted to come, three thousand as he afterward became) commenced a in one day. The lowest classes should work with Rev. Mr. Budden in Almora, not be bought. The evil effects of the in the Himalayas. In 1864-65 ninety- system of giving aid is felt in work six of these lepers were received into among the lowest classes, and has been the Christian Church. In 1860 a leper a serious hindrance to progress. The asylum was begun in Calcutta. In 1868 instruction given before baptism should Dr. John Newton, of the American Pres- be elementary; not too much should be byterian Mission, began his work in their expected of those that can neither read behalf at Sabathu. " He was pre-emi- nor write." nently the leper's friend. He tended them as a mother might a child. Con- The paper of Rev. E. W. Parker, temporary names may be heard in his- D.D., of the Methodist Mission of North tory, but his will, I believe, live forever India. was of peculiar interest, as this in the lower Himalaya Mountains." mission has had a great work among Gossner, Lutheran, the Methodists, the these classes. Church Missionary Society, the Free Church of Scotland, the Basle Mission Dr. Parker started out with a definiand others, with the" Mission to Lep- tion of the depressed classes as those ers," are at work in eighteen principal who belong to no one of the regular and nine subordinate places in India. castes of the Hindu. They have been In several instances lepers have done oppressed by all castes. As in their missionary work among their fellow- castes they are not, strictly speaking, Hindu, so in religion they are outside of Hinduism, having gurus of their training schools turned out effective <>wn. They are mainly day laborers. workers for their field9. The work 1'hough set free by English law, tbey grew gradually, as the following will are actually slaves. They have never show: In 1859 there were two native been educated. Few can read or write. preachers, five communicants, four These people are more accessible to Christian boys, and eight girls in the Christian workers for the following schools. In 1868 there were 30 preach. three reasons: (1) Their religion is not ers, 665 communicants, 297 boys, and orthodox Hinduism, but some side issue 168 girls under instruction. One hun. less firmly established and tenacionsly dred and eighty·seven were baptized. held, and so it is not so difficult to In 1888 there were 168 preachers, 7944 change them. (2) They have not the communicants, 2027 Christian boys, pride of caste that raises them in their and 1327 Christian girls in school, and own estimation above all others, and there were 1958 baptisms. Besides the they readily receive Christian teachers school.teachers in the village, with (3) Many have the idea of " moving on." superintending evangelist from a group' They are willing and anxious to rise, of villages, a leader in each congrega. and will take hold of any who may tion is appointed as assistant pastor. seem able to help them. These are, These latter are voluntary, unpaid as· therefore, the" accessible classes." Sir sistants. District conferences are held William Hunter bears testimony to this quarterly. At the religious meetings, point. He says: "I should not be can- not only the paid agent, but many did if I left the impression that I ex- Christians also come. Meetings are pect any large accession from orthodox constantly held for three days, and the Hinduism or Islam to the Christian people receive much spiritual uplift. Church. It is rather from the lower Direct conversions are often traced to castes and so:called aboriginal people these meetings. These conferences, that I believe direct conversion will or Christian melas, have been a very chiel1y come. At this moment there important part of the work. And in are fifty millions of human beings in 1891 the results show the power of the India, sitting abject on the outskirts of Spirit of God. There are 261 native Hinduism or beyond its pale, who within preachers and 381 exhorters of a lower the next fifty years will incorporate grade and 736 Christian teachers, with themselves into one or the other higher 15,000 children under instruction. The faiths. Speaking humanly, it rests with number of communicants is 9487, and Christian missionaries in India whether of baptized probationers, 16,913. Ac· a great proportion of these fifty millions cession by baptism in 1891 was 17,038, shall accept Christianity, or Hinduism, including children, so that the whole or Islam… The work of the Methodist Christian community is over 50,000. Episcopal Church in the North was es- The object has been, not baptism, but tablished after the Mutiny. First a few conversion. people, about twenty miles from Mora- The Rev. A. Campbell, of Manbhum, dabad, came over. The work spread in Bengal, said: "Work among aborigines, the surrounding villages, schools were such as the Santals and Karmalli Kales, established, and the young men were among whom he had labored for a trained up as evangelists or teachers, period of over twenty years, differs In another direction a fakir was con- greatly from that among what are known verted, and brought many of his former as the depressed classes. In the Santal 4isciples over. And so the work spread country they did not meet with anyin several directions, and education and thing at all resembling the depressed evangelistic supervision found the meth. condition of many in Bengal, Southern od of developing the work. In the India, and elsewhere. In the Santal mean time, the theological schools and country the aboriginal element pre· dominates, not that the bulk of the them from all parts of the" civilised,"

population if! aboriginal, pure and aim- Western world. Their contact""tb ple;·bnt that the .majority of those pio- those nations, with the exo&ptioD of felling Hinduism have much in com· the missionary representatives of them, mOn with the .aborigihes indeed; they and now and then others in businesa were often referred to as semi-Hindu- and official circles, only con6rms·th~m izedaborigines. What were known as in their ideas that all religioUIl beliefs the higher castes among Hindus were are but outgrown and inefficient £acton sparingly represented in many parts of in modern civilization. In other word&; theSantalconntry, and the result was they are possessing themselves olbut that religious toleration, to a most sur- the excrescences of a Christian civiliza- prising exteht, was extended to each tion, rather than its realities and bless.

other by all classes of the people. The ings. Luxuries and intellectual cul- Santals Bnd others like them were, as a ture are able to do no more for them rulEl, poor and ignorant. but they have ,than they did for corrupt ancient not in their own country got the same Greece and Italy.

opposition to contend against when Favorable.-Although Satan is thus seeking to raise themselves socially alert and successful in gaining strategio th"t .the castes on the outer fringe of positions in the struggle for the rule Hinduism had to meet when desirous over the hearts of the millions of India, ofl'Sising themselves from the servile yet the Gospel is, notwithlltanding, and depressed state in which the high. making steady and permanent prog.

er castes had so long kept them." ress. The fast spreading appreciation of the benefits, physical and intellect- ual, of educational attainment and Mission Outlook in India. a.nd Burma.. discipline is awakening the spirit of liberal inquiry, and the spiritual needs BY BEV. C. A. NICHOLS, BASSEIN, BURMA. of men are asserting themselves. These UnJavorable.-Infidelity never had so will not rest content with the negations full an access to the people as to-day. of infidelity. There are already about Tbe greater number of the English in- 500,000 consistent Protestant Christians structors in the government colleges scattered throughout the empire, who and lower grade schools are either by their life and their direct teaohing avowed infidels, and breathe into their are not only supplementing the labors pupils their own unbeliefs, sometimes of the considerable force of mission- aggrsssiyely so ; or, if not, they do not aries from our own lands, but are bring- feel free to do anything positive in ing their fellow-countrymen to think, the line of religious character-building, as the missionaries never could do, in from the strict neutrality which the regard to the power of the Gospel in government insists upon in its teaching transforming character. A Christian force. Both of these courses tend in vernacular literature is fast growing, the same direction. Both go .toward and the vast treasures of religious and the production of a generation of promi- biblical literature in the English Ian.

nent men, who, by virtue of their influ- gUlloge are becoming more and more ao· ence c'onsequent upon their high attain- cessible to the millions of India, who ments, will in the future tell tremen- now can use that language with facil- dously upon the opinions and beliefs of ity. Through God's inftnite wisdom a great mass of 'the people of the coun- the greatest transformations in India, try_ The sanctions of their old religion spiritual as well as material, through are gone, and they have no new moral the power of the Gospel, have had their imp.ulsps in their stead. The flood of first great triumphs from precisely those direct· infidel literature flows in upon claslles of the. people whom the higher pta,., cute people had eome to believe were eating the evils against which it wbolly incapable of betterment, and in 1890 the co-operation of publio as- these people are marvellously outstrip. semblies and of orgmized bodiea w.s ping those who had thought themselves sought, and these have been obtained so. greatly their superiors in every walk through the omcers of the International in life. It is 888y to see how great the MiBBionary Union, the Young Men'.

evidential value of this order in the Christian Association, the YouDg Peo- Christianization which God has caused ple's Societies, the Good Templars, Sal.

to i_ue from missionaty effort. Ac. vation Army, Knights of Labor, IIJld cordingly, notwithstanding the opium others.

curse spreading 88 it is, in spite of the At the great meeting of the World'.

many ways that Satan is employing to Women's Christian Temperance Union gt'$f~ upon the pantheistic atheism of in Boston, November, 1891, between the Eut the infidelity of the West, and two and three miles of this petition W88.

in the face of the hindrances of profii. on exhibition. The original signatures gate representatives of nominally Chris· were in three or four parallel columna, tian oountries, the leaven of the king. pasted on muslin one half yard wide dam of light is working, often silently, and bound with red and blue tape, and but is surely undermining the kingdom the document was used tofeatoon Tre- of darknesa in these parts of AIIia. mont Temple on that memorable ooca- sion. Lady HeRry Somerset brought scores of thousands of tbese llignaturea m.t.orr of a Great Petition. wbich had been obtained by Miss Mor. gan, of South Wales, in Great Britain, BY KBB. lIIIlnmVA. B. NORTON. where the interest in the petition ia very grcat. ,.

The first organized elfort in behalf of It is proposed by those having the a world-signed petition for the abolition petition in charge to call it in for eI.

of tbe tramc in alcohol and opium was hibition at the Columbian Exposition in August, 1885, when the general offi- of 1893, and to have connected with It cers of the United States c. National a total abstinence chain of the pledge Union" of the World's Woman's Chris· autographs of the children of the world, tian Temperance Union forwarded to composed of several million links of their miBBionary.at.large, Mrs.. Mary cards in red, white and blue, contain.

Clement Leavitt, then in a foreign land, ing their signatures. It is desired to the" Petition of the World's Woman's double this monster petition before Christian Temperance Union for the May, 1893. [The form of petition oan Protection of the Home, addressed to be had by addressing the writer of this the Govemments or the World." article, .. The Temple," Chicago, m- This was also presented by Mrs. Mary B. Willard, September 12th, 1885, to J. T. G.] the International Temperance Conven- tion then aBBembled in BruB8els, Bel- Western Polyneaia. and Auatralia. gium. It has been circulated round the globe, and its almost two million Bishop Montgomery, of Tasmania, signatures are written in the dialects has paid a Tisit in the steamer &utI&_ and characters of more than forty coun- Cross to all the stations of the Melane· tries and provinces. sian MiBBion, and has been favorably In addition to the signatures of all impreBBed with the work earried on in women of legal age, and the endorse. the Banks, Santa Cruz, and Solomon ment of all men, of whatever creed, na- groups, and in three Dorthem Islands tion, race or color, who a~ee in devre- of the N~w H4Ibti4es. .u:~ NIQ Tlai*ed Norfolk Island, the headquarters of the He had been attending the nightlilcbo01 mission. on Saturday, October 22d, and on going The New Hebrides Mission is losing home was attacked by some savage na- the services of the Rev. J. R. Laurie, tives of Malayta, one of the Solomon who has labored for thirteen years on Islands. He was found covered with Aneityum, where the people are now all blood, and his hymn.book beside him.

outwardly Christian. The health of He had chosen a text for his address on his wife has necessitated his resigna- the next day-" Never man spake like tion. She bas, however, recovered un- this man."

der treatment. The Rev. A. Morton Miss Barnes, Who came out to be the has resigned for a similar cause. He wife of Mr. Hey, the Moravian mission- may go to Korea. The Rev. F. Paton, ary in Northern Queensland, was wel- son of the veteran Dr. J. G. Paton, has comed at Brisbane. She is sister of been appointed to the New Hebrides. Mrs. Ward, whose husband is Mr. Hey's The Rev_ J. W. Mackenzie, who has colleague.

been twenty years on Efate, and the The Baptist aentmary.-Tbis great Rev. James Annand, M.A., who has event, which may well' be called the been nineteen years in the group, are Carey Centenary, or the Centenary of reCll'nlting in New South Wales. Mr. Modern Missions, was celibrated by Mackenzie is carrying a Scripture his. enthusiastic meetings in all the chief tory and hymn-book in Eptese through cities of the Australian colonies. Min- the press. isters of Presbyterian, Wealey.n, and Two lay missionaries, good craftsmen, Congregational churches joined with have just gone to the New Hebrides to Baptists in recognizing the wondrous .assist Dr. Lamb on Ambrym. results of darey's movement in 1792• Mr. Eugene Stock and the Rev. R. W. It was specially felt in Australia, as it Stewart, M.A., have concluded a very was the perusal of Cook's voyages in successful mission tour through the Polynesia that led Carey to conceive Anglican churches of Australia. They his purpose, and which also inlluenced have created much interest in the Dr. Hawies, Dr. Bogue, and otbers in Church Missionary Society, and have forming the London Missionary Soci.

formed auxiliaries. Mr. Stock, who is ety. Indeed, all modem missionary the missionary editor in London, was societies date from that.

allowed to occupy pUlpits both in Syd- The Rev. W. Newby-Fraser and his ney and Melbourne. He is a man of a wife have left Sydney for missionary fervent missionary spirit, and an excel- work in India in connection with the lent evangelical speaker. Ohurch Missionary Society. Mr. New- The Wesleyan Mission in Fiji have by-Fraser has for some time been curate got an Indian catechist to labor among to the Rev. T. B. Tress, of St. Peter's, the coolie's there. Sydney. Much interest has been taken The Wesleyan Mission in New Guinea in his devotion to the Indian field, and is now fairly at work. The governor, valedictory addresses and presents h~ve Sir William Macgregor, gives a good re- been made to him.

port of its influence upon· the natives. The Rev. F. J. Paton, M A., the Mrs. Reid, of Tasmania, has given a youngest son of the veteran mission- boat for the Raluana Mission Station, ary, Dr. J. G. Paton, has been ordained, New Britain. and has gone to the New Hebrides. He AusTRALU.-A Christian Krmaka has is the first of those born in a mission recently been made a martyr to his faith family on the New Hebrides who has in Queensland. He. was a zealous become a missionary there. He is to teacher under the Rev. T. McIntyre. be settled on the island of Mallicollo.

tq~ missionarr in the Macka! district .'{…e. .mit Jlission.-Ten learB ~o the <;,;. ..,. Society of Jesus began a mission among and superintendent of the. oldest mis- the aborigines of Australia,· near Port sion of his oliurchin that country. Be Darwin, in the Northern Territory. sends the following rejoinder to the Two other stations were opened on the critioism of a oorrespondent on the Daly River. These three were olosed II Methodists entering Ohentu in West year ago, 88 they were either too near China: the town of Palmerston or on too poor NEW YOBX, January 14, 1893. a soil. The Government of South Aus- DEAB SIB: There is more absurdity tralia then gave a grant of land on the to the square inoh in the little notioe right bank of the Daly River, about headed" Missionary Oomity," in your sixty miles from its mouth. It includes issue of Deoember, 1892, page 940, than three hundred acres of good land, and I have seen anywhere in a long time. a tract of oountry on the opposite bank It ought to be fuily understood that of one hundred square miles in extent. missions which are at work in any of The government also gives about £50 a the provinoes of Ohina always expeot year. Many difficulties have had to be to have a representation in the c~pital encountered, and the life is very try- of the provinoe, and, therefore, the ing. For a time the missionaries had sending of missionaries by our Society to live in rude" humpies," similar in to Ohentu is no ground of complaint on arohiteoture to those of the blacks, and the part of the Ohina Inland MiSSion, had to endure privations; but they any more than it will be a ground of have now got a proper house erected. oomplaint on the part of either of our They are one hundred and seventy missions that the Oanadian Methodists miles from Palmerston, the nearest have also established themselves in that township, and there is not easy or fre- oity. Bad this sort of theory been es- quent oommunication. The mission_ tablished, the China Inland Mission aries have had to live on kangaroo and would not now be in many places where wild game for months, and they have it is operating suocessfully, as it was also been subjeot to fever. The blacks much benind other missions in Ningpo, have gathered around them, and some Shanghai, and many other places. land has been cleared and cultivated. It is hardly in plaoe for" Speotator" The superior is Father McKillop, who -whoever he may be-to suggest to our is Australian-born. There are three mission that it shall ocoupy some of other priests and seven lay brothers the unoccupied cities throughout the engaged in the mission. They wish province before it establishes itself in the oountry around to be reserved from the oapital. No prinoiple of missionary Ohinese and white settlers, who have comity has been violated by our send- been entering thedistriot as miners, in ing missionaries to the oapital city of a order to make the mission really useful province; on the contrary, we are fol- to the blacks. The language has been lowing in the general line of missionary mastered, and the missionaries are operations in the empire, and with hopeful of suooess. abundant example from the Ohina In- land Mission itself. RO:BERT STEEL. … NORTH SYDNEY, NEW SOUTH WALES, Sincerely yours, November 26th, 1892. ,So L. BALDWIN.

Another Note on ltissionary Oomity. International M'lSsionary Union.-The International Missionary Union sends Rev. S. L. Baldwin, D.D., the Record. out its announoement of its tenth aning Secretary of the Methodist Epis. nual meeting. to beheld at its permacopal Missionary Society, was hims(,lf a nent place of meeting, Olifton Springs, missionary for twenty years in China, N. Y., J~e 14th-211t. All foreign mis- our disposal to give to the publio in it. sionaries of whatever field or board, present state, and so we oan only say whether temporarily or permanently in tblt if the counoil haviDg the matter in this country, are urged to attend. Cir· oharge do not make any improvement, oulars have been mailed to all Amerioan even on the initial program, it will be missionaries, whether in this country a very rich and varied Congress. It is to embraoe every feature of missionary 0.- any other, whose postal address is work, whether in Christian, oivilized or pagan and other non-Christian lands. known. Should any not reoeive the It will deal with the moral, sooial, and same, they will understand that it is religious problems of our cities and our through some cause the sooiety oannot oivilization in general; denominational control. It is expeoted that a larger unity in the solution of practioal benevnumber than usual will be in attendanoe olent problems; methods of evangeliz. this year, owing to the number of mis- ing the masses ; all forms of home mis· sionaries who may avail themselves of sionary work; Bible work; foreign mis. this centennial year to make a needed sions, their rellex in1luenoe, their agenvisit to this oountry. Over one hun. oies ; Christian governments and human dred were present at last year's session, rights; and a grand concert of prayer and every missionary we wot of desires will probably btl within the plan. Emi· to get the inspiration and information nent men, secretaries, expert workers of a week in conference with mission- in all departments ate to be invited to aries from all the fields of the world. discuss themes and to exchange views To missionaries there is simply no sub- and narrate experiences. stitute for this annual gathering. All misaionaries are requested to send their -We have reoeived the following, the -post address to the Associate Seoretary, lin. Dr. C. C. Thayer, Clifton Springs, 1lrst part of whioh we oannot answer, N. Y., and with or without further no· tice to inform her if they can probably and the second part, as we understand attend the next session. Entertain· ment is extended to all missionaries in it, involves a oontroversy in whioh only attendance, free, by our incomparable host, Dr. Henry FOIIter, the founder of those having the fullest information the Sanitarium. Any information about the Union oan be had of the Seoretary, should take part. The Rev. Dr. Shedd. Rev. W. H. Belden, Clifton Springs, N. Y. This body is not limited in its of Oroomiah, or Dr. Barnum, of Har. membership to American and Canadian missionaries, and those of any other put. might answer for the Amerioan country who have served in non-Chris· tian Aelds who may be in this oountry Ihissionaries, and our oorrespondent are earnestly invited to partioipate in the proceedings and share the hos- probably knows the views of others, pitality extended to the members. who think that the present administra- Other visitors can find acoommodation in the Sanitarium or in exoellent tion of this mission is neither broad nor boardiDg·hou8es in the plaoe. brotherly. J. T. G. The World's Gongrusof M'Ulsions.-We have had • glanoe at the tentative pro- 8m : It is declared that one objeot of gram of the World's Missionary Con. the arohbishop's mission to the Assyrian gress, whioh is to be held in Chioago, Christians is to print the anoient 8yriao September 28th-October 5th inclusive, service books, and that in doing so but we do not understand that it is at " heterodox" expressions are expunged. But oan you or any of your readers oblige with information 1. As to whether adoration and pray- ers to the Virgin and saints are thus ex· punged, and, 2. How does this misRion affeot the work of the Amerioan Protestant mis. sionaries among the same people?

AIlfATJiIEB.

HASTINGS, October 31, 1892. Ill.-DEPARTMENT 'OF CHRISTIAN EN.DEAV.O,R.., CONDUCTED BY PIWFESSOB AMOS B. WBLLB.

Presbyterian Endeavorers have reo them that they may do the Jnostgood. cently held a missionary rally at the Now the Chicago unfon will gatherad~ blissionrooms in New York. The meeting was largely attended, and a perma- dresses of missionaries, hospitals, il.rrby nent organization was formed to push posts, navy-yards, and other plao~8 missionary plans and inspire systematic giving among Presbyterian Endeavor- where such literature can be used to ers.The E~deavorera of the Reformed Churches in and near the metropolis good advantage, an.:! will supplythesb met at about the same time in the New York headquarters of the Reformed addresses to all good.literature commit. Church, and, after an enthusiastic meetin~, formed a similar organization with tees that apply. ', similar purposes. Both of these' new movements are full of life, and are cer- Young Lutherans have already raised tain to accomplish much good for the cause of missions. In a thousand ways $1000 of the $5000 needed for' thai, the Christian Endeavor movement is arousing the missionary activity of the memorial church at San Diego, Cal.; young. Endeavorers of the Disoiples have r8.ise,a City unions are developing specialties in Christian Endeavor work. The as much for their mission church in Philadelphia union aims at becoming national headquarters for correspond. Salt Lake City ; Methodist Protestan,t ence committee work. These Christian Endeavor correspondence commit- Endeavorers are making good progr418S tees, be it remembered, are formed to welcome and look after in a friendly on the funds for their mission church way those Endeavorers that move to strange oities. It is quite impossible at Kansas City ; Reformed Church EIIfor each correspondence committee in the country to keep the address of every deavorers are collecting funds .for their other, but if the Philadelphia union persists in its present determination, second Christian Endeavor memoriat it will constitute a central bureau of addresses. If John Smith is to leave church, and the Endeavorets of the JacksonVille, 0., for Columbus, Cal., the correspondenoe oommittee of his First Baptist Church of Salt Lake City Endeavor society, acting through the Philadelphia union, will notify the are hard at work raising money for, ,a Columbus, Cal., Endeavorers, and they will be all ready to give John Smith a mission chapel. May aU these noble cordial greeting when he oomes. The Chioago union, in similar fashion, aims undertakings find speedy success, and to become national headquarters for good-literature oommittees. These com-' prompt to undertakings greater still. mittees, gathering up the old books and periodicals of the congregation, is Presbyterian Endeavorers, in their often at a loss to know where to send December contributions to the foreign mission board of their church, made,a gain of $687 over the same month of 1891. In their contributions from May to December they made a gain over the previous year of $2346.

One of the most pt"osperous and use.

ful sooieties of Christian Endeavor con- nected with the Reformed Church is found in their Boys' High Scbool at Madanapalle, India. These Indian En- deavorers are active in evangelistio work, and a recent report from them testifies that during the past year they reached with the Gospel 16,000 souls.

The Connecticut State Christian En- deavor Union is the oldest in existence, and some recent changes in its consti- tution are the results of muoh experi- ence. It now formally refuses member- ship to societies in non-evangelical churches, thus following a distinctly understood 'Christian Endeavor pt"ino

DEPARTMENT OF CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR

It ciple. utilizes the experience of its asked for a few words concerning the history and growth of the Christian former State presidents by constituting Endeavor movement. Then, after a them an advisory board. It requires hearty prayer by one of the Chinese all expenses of the State work to be brethren, Mr. Yeung asked me to give met by voluntary offerings only-no as- them some words of counsel and ad. sessments. It provides a State superin- vice, which I proceeded to do as well as tendent for the new Senior societies, I could for about five minutes, while now springing up among the older Mr. Wisner, of the mission, translated church·members and the Christian En· what I said. I never knew better, howdeavorera who have .. graduated." ever, the meaning of the phrase, 'a few Good points, all of these. feeble remarks;' for it is exceedingly difficult to speak with any force through Here are some extracts from a recent an interpreter. I have no doubt, letter of Dr. Clark's describing a Chris- though, that Mr. Wisner made up in his tian Endeavor meeting in China. It translation for any lack of mine. After was in Canton. " The. girls' society these remarks, Mr. Tao, one of the na· wanted to come, but it was thought tive teachers, was called upon. He said hardly proper for the young ladies to that he regarded my visit as providen. come so far in the evening. When we tial, tecause it might help them to reached tile chapel of the boys' school spread abroad their detestation of the of the Presbyterian mission, where the opium traffic. He said that a commis· meeting was held, all were in their sion had already gone to England to places, about a hundred Chinese men present the claims of poor, opiumand boys. and all rose while the mis. cursed China, and he hoped that I would sionaries and the visitors took their ask the Christian Endeavor societies places. The room was beautifully dec· everywhere to pray that the traffic might orated with floral emblems in Chinese be abolished; and that China might be characters, which meant, as I was told, freed from her galling chains. This 'Peace,' 'Prosperity,' 'Welcome,' etc. I promised to do, and I am glad to take Behind UR, in Chinese characters, were this first opportunity partially to reo two large scrolls, which were afterward deem my promise. After this, Mrs. given to us, and were translated as fol· Clark and I were presented by the so· lows: 'Fa·ti [Flowery Region] Chris- ciety in Fa·ti with two beautiful hand. tian Endeavor Society [literally, Urge- painted fans, on one of which was on·in·the·service·of·salvation's-Lord So- painted, in Chinese characters, Dr. cietyJ respectfully p~esent. May you Rankin's beautiful hymn, "God be take the blessed tidings, and proclaim with you till we meet again," on one them until they fill every region where side, and, on the other, the date, which water and cloud reach: The other reads as follows: 'Western calendar scroll would have shocked our modesty, one thousand eight hundred ninety·seehad we· known what it meant, so com. ond year, which is the same as Bright plimentary was it; but we reminded Achievement [name of reigning emper· ourselves, lest we should get too puffed or] eighteenth year, ninth moon, the up, that these Chinese knew very little last division of ten days' (each moon· of us, since we had been in Canton only is divided into three divisions of ten two days, and that they were apt to days each), aU of which might be reo deal in Howery compliments. Mr. duced to 'November 17th, 1892: An. Yeung, who led the meeting, gave out a other column on this same fan reads as bymn, which was sung very heartily to follows: • Beautiful Nation [the Ameri. the tune of ' Silver Street: Then he can] Clark, teacher, came to the Ex. called upon Rev. Mr. Noyes, of the mis. terior East, Fa·ti [Flowery Region] 10· sion, to tell why we had come together, cal stlciety [of Christian Endeavor]. All and what my mission wus. Then we sung another song, und Mr. Fulton was the believing disciples requested Fak edly ripe for the Christian Endeavor Yam [the given name of Mr. Yeung, idea. I had the impression beforehand who led the meeting] to make a record, that Japan was not ready for our Sooi- it being a joyful matter,' Mr. Fulton ety ; but these few days have quite dis- and the other missionaries say that pelled this notion, so far as the vioinity Christian Endeavor is splendidly adapt- of Tokyo and Yokohama is conoemed.

ed to the Chinese because they are To be sure, I am not so rash as to pre- used to guilds and associations, and dict with certainty the same growth and the idea of the society seems natural to the same staying power for the Society them. .Moreover, they do not feel that here as in America, and I am well aware they have really become Christians un- that there must be adaptations to fit it til they have taken part in meeting, so to Japanese ways; but human nature tbat the prayer-meeting pledge is not everywhere is very much the same, and irksome. These societies in Canton are all the indications point to a rapid and doing capital work. Every portion of steady and healthful growth. I believe this meeting of which I have written that the society is in some ways espe- was planned and carried out by the na- oially adapted to Japanese soil. They tive boys-decorations, scrolls and all. like it because it is a self-governing so- Join me in your prayers, will you not? oiety. They are an independent peo- for these brethren and sisters of ours ple, and do not like to be • bossed' in in Canton and throughout all China, their forms of 'religious servioe any and let us thank God for the wonderful more than in other matters."

success of Christian Endeavor here as Here are some sample bits of Chris- everywhere. " tian Endeavor news, oollected from the Rev. T. Harada, of Japan, has· writ- papers of a single week: Two Endeavor- ten a forty-four page pamphlet, giving, ers of Viotoria, Australia, have raised in Japanese, full instructions in regard $1250 and opened a little Chinese ohap~ to the formation and conduct of Chris- e1. A Colorado society, having prom- tian Endeavor societies. Such a man- ised to raise ,half the salary of a mis- ual has been written in Armenian by sionary, has published a oook-book to Rev. G. H. Krikorian, of Turkey, to aid get the money. Three students in a the cause in that country, but the Turk- single Presbyterian theological semi- ish censors of the press have forbidden nary were led from other oallings into its pUblication. They declare it a dan- the ministry by Christian Endeavor gerous work, dealing with •• brother- work. An Ohio society sends a mem- hood," "endeavor,"" union," and such ber as missionary to China. The Good- proscribed themes, besides being an at- will Mission of South Dakota has an tempt to organil'le a society. Says Rev. Endeavor society of forty active mem- Henry O. Dwight, of Constantinople, bers, mostly Indians. A Texas Society .. In response to our argument that the helps support a Chinese mission Sun- society is for spiritual culture, the reply day-school, a mission school for ohil- is given that the point objected to is dren, and a missionary in China.

organization for any purpose, it being the object of the government to prevent people from learning how to organize."

Native Christian Endeavorers in Turkey Dr. Clark's joumey to the Antipodes run serious risk of imprisonment if dis- is making one thing very clear, and th at covered. . is the adaptability of the Sooiety of In Japan Dr: Clark spent three and a Christian Endeavor to all sorts and con- half weeks, and held forty-six exceed- ditions of men. The Society has no ingly profitable meetings. Concerning " most-favored nation" olause in its oon- Japan and the Christian Endeavor move- stitution, but all olimes and peoples are ment he Rays: " I find Japan unexpect- its own, rV.-EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT~ Home and City Missions, to go to the devil. He remlDded theln that the Church of England was the The whole number of home mission- wealthiest religious society in the world. aries who were connected with the Among its members were thos8' who Board of Home Missions of the Pres- poss888ed hundreds of thousands of byterian Church a year ago were four- pounds-nay, millions. Were those per· teen hundred and seventy.nine. Of sons really awake to the true state of this number nine hundred and four, or affairs in the country? He did not nearly two thirds, were at work in the think they were. He advocated'greater States and Territories west of the Mis· simplicity of life among the wealthier sissippi. The great home mission field classes of society, and remarked that of the country is there, unless. indeed, while £127,000 a year was spent upon the great cities and mining regions of perfumed spirits from abroad. the anthe East are to be taken into_account. nual income of the Church Pastoral Aid Then the question becomes a very ur- Society was only .£49,000. The one gent one, pondered in many minds, true remedy for existing demoralization whether the scattered peoples in the was the taking from house to house alld regions beyond the great rivers do not door to door throughout the land of the absorb much labor which should be Gospel of Jesus Christ. more profitably expended on crowded oities like Chicago, Cincinnati, Pitts- The Rev. T. Y. Darling, formerly burg, Philadelphia, and New York. C. M. S. missionary in the Talegu coun- One such city as Chicago, set as on a try, supplies a graphic sketch of the hill, has as distinct and far.reaching life of P. Venkayya, who was his flrst influence for good or ill as an entire ministerial seal after being engaged in territory in the mountains. itinerant missionary work for eleven years without making a convert. The English Notes. narrative constitutes a notable chapter . [J. Do] in the romance of missions. WhBt hath God wrought? It is not always The .Moral Oondition of England.-The the case, as this narrative shows, that Dean of Norwich, speaking at a meet· ., the Lord never uses a discouraged ing held at Memorial Hall, Islington, servant. " The exceptions to this rule, expressed himself as decidedly of the if it be one, may well hearten those {)pinion that the moral and religious who have lost heart. "I looked upon condition of England was never so bad myself," says Mr. Darling, .. as one as' it is at the present moment. He privileged to sow the good seed, but said the population of this country is not to see in the flesh the issue." The 29,000,000, of whom over 16,000,000 in. Lord, however, ordered it otherwise, habited six counties. This fact was and that on the very day when, after alone sufficient to illustrate how much preaching Jesus and Him crucified to a overcrowding there is. He called atten- large crowd. and percei ving not the tion to the fact that at present £26,000,- faintest sign of encouragement. he re- 000 is expended per annum by the work· turned to his bungalow sadly dishearting classes for strong drink, and that ened and literally in tears." It was 6,000,000 of our people are living in then, in 1859, that P. Venkayya, by the habitual neglect of public worship. powerful impulse of the Spirit, sought, What must be done to stem the current with some 8ssociates from the same of evil? Personally, he and those who village,' the discouraged worker and emsympathized with his views would not, 1:lracod with joy the Christian faith. God helping them, allow this country

EDlTORlAL DEPARTlIIElI'l'

Forthwith there hall been continuous and 10,880 attendants on' publio wor· . reaping. The first convert died Sep. ship. Methodism has not been the tember 20th, 1891, faithful unto deaIA; progressive force in France that it has and now the number of Ohristian ad· been in England; still, small as it is, it hlll"eDts of this mission is 2945. represents a living power in Frenoh Protestantism, which, should Method. The Ninety-eighth Report of the Lon. ism disappear, would have reason to don Missionary Society is to hand. say, "A virtue has gone out of me." The income is unprecedentedly large, The senior minister of this mission is representing an increase on last year of the Rev. James Hoc/nt, born in 1812, fully £35,000, and leaving a balance in and now in the fifty.ninth year of his favor of the Society of £9544 8s. Id. ministry. He has been, and still is, in The total receipts were £193,998 19s. 6d. labors abundant, a watohful pastor and indefatigable evangelist. The troubles in Ohina, while they have seriously inlluenced the work, Wesleyan Methodism in South Oeylon have not caused it to mark time. The has suffered numerically during the Society reports a large amount of work past two years from disciplinary ac· done during the year. In particular tion. It is believed, however, that the the success attending medical missions energetic use of the pruning.knife has is accentuated. made the hold of Ohristianity upon the people stronger, the Ohuroh purer, the A fairly hopeful view is taken of the agents and members better qualified prospects and the results in India. for aggressi ve work than in any other Northern India, – however, is under- period of the history of this mission. manned, and various important stations are in a critical condition. The Cape General Mission is being reinforced by the Rev. Walter Searle, With respect to Madagascar the Re- late Oongreg"tional minister in Birport strikes a jubilant note. A revival, mingho.m, and his talented wife. Mr. whioh began in the capital in May last, Searle becomes joint secretary with Mr. has spread to several outlying districts Spencer Walton of thill young but ener and much fruit has been reaped, espe· getic mission, and the new editor of the oially among the young. Happily many South African Pioneer. By a train of of the people are in possession of the events God has been preparing this ser· vant for the foreign mission field, lead· Scriptures, and have a considerable ac- ing him to aspire after a close walk with God and Divine unction in preach. quaintance with the truths of God's ing. Two oircumstances specially call Word. for mention. The first, a conversation with the Rev. W. Haslam, on the sub- In South Africa the first faint. streaks ject of soul.winning, which led this of light are discernible in Matebeleland; brother definitely to ask of God for an in Oentral Afrioa peace has reigned at addition of a hundred souls to his both centrea of the miSSion, and tokens church in one year. This petition was of blessing have been given, but the literally fulfilled with the overplus insky is somewhat lurid. The fear is cident to beaped.up measure. The sec· that the slave.trading community will ond circumstance was the effect pronot submit without a struggle to the ~uced by the reading of Dr. Pierson's establishment of British rule in -that " Crisis of Missions. .. Feeling the im. region. At New Guinea pioneering and mense disproportion between the work. settling-are going on vigorously. ers at home and those abroad, Mr.

From an able summary in " Wesleyan Missionary NotioE's" of the Methodist Ohuroh in France, we learn that Meth. odism began there exactly one hundred years ago. Now there are 64 ohapels Searle leaves his loving church and cannot and will not give any effect with his wife goes forth to bear the whatever to the votes which a majority gospel embassy to the mixed races of of its members recorded while in oppo- Africa. sition! Is this consistent withany pos- sible view of political morality? Is it English Wesleyan missions report grati- any wonder that the opposition preBS fying progress in the province of Can- taunts the supporters of the Governton. In three centres of that province- ment with their folly in supposing that Canton, Fatshan, and Mong Fu Kong– the fair promises of Liberal statesmen native self-supporting churches have meant anything? And will the nation been established under the control of tolerate such disgraceful tergiversanative pastors, and independent of tion ?" funds from the British Missionary Society. Trained to giving from the start .. The Father that seeth in secret" is of the mission, the churches above the Father that worketh in secret alBo. mentioned have now taken over the en- Whether at home or abroad, it is those tire financial responsibility. whom the, Father prepares who receive the Son. .The case of Ghulam Akbar, To-day there are nearly two thousand formerly mullah of a mosque in Haripur, more Christians in the Canton Province as detailed in this month's India's than there were in all China in 1872. Women, gives rise to thisrellection. No The total cost of Christian missions in Christian inlluence had reached him. aU China in 1872 was £120,000 sterling, He had only casually heard of the zenana and the present cost of missions in the teacher in the bazaars; but it is Canton Province is something less than enongh. the Father's secret work within £40,000, so that for one third of the made him more than ready to seek at money we have more Christians. With her lips the jewel of priceless instrucsuch facts and figures before us we tion. .. Here." said he, .. is the Koran, thank God and take conrage. here is so-and-so and so-and-so," men- tioning various Mohammedan contro- Much of the success of British Wes- versial and theological works; "bnt leyan missions in the Canton Province these do not tell me what I want, to is traoed to the training school at Tsang know. I am such a. sinner; how can Sha. A notable preacher, .Mr. Lau Sing I be saved?" The sequel does not sur- Nam, was trained at this institute. He prise us that one so manifestly dra.wn discourses in various large preaching of the Father should, at the close of halls in Canton five and often six days the second interview, have electrified a week, when he holds spellbound a his instructress by standing upright couple of hundred Chinese for an hour with his hand upon his heart and makor more. For many years his mother ing the solemn confession, ., I believe and brother were his bitterest oppo- that Jesus Christ is the Son of God; nents, but the Lord has heard his pray- and that He is my Saviour. " ers and brought both in penitence to the Saviour. The Rev. R. C. Forsyth, Baptist mis- sionary of Taing-Chu-Fu, Shantung, Great disappointment is felt in this North China, has had a good yesr. country at the attitude of the Liberal Many have been baptized and received Government toward the opium traffic as into the membership of the church. voiced by Lord Kimberley. The Friend He estimates the number of converts of Ohina thus sums up the matter: .. By this year at 120. the voice of their colleague (Lord Kimberley), who is responsible for Indian At the Baptist Mission Rsiu Chou. affairs, the Government declares that it Shansi, headway is being made, though for the time more under than above ground. The Rev. Herbert Dixon advantage of the special rates should writes, <lOur work here has progressed send their lIubscriptions throngh the quietly, without any great visible addi- secretary of the Movement, Bible House, tion to our numbers, though we have New York.

Bome such; but there are many more Contributions to the Fund may be who are willing to listen to what we sent direot to Funk & Wagnalls, 18 and have to say, and not a few who confess 20 Astor Plaee, New York.

that it is the truth, but say they dare We give below a statement of the ac- not face the persecution that open pro- count for the two years just past. It fession entails." will be seen that while the outlay has Cheering news is to hand from the been about the same each year, the in- Congo. The Rev. H. Ross Phillips re- come has almost entirely ceased.

ports at Mbanza Mputu the baptism of Dr. Or.

the chief of the town and four others. 1891. ..$200.40 1891. ..$291.80 The town was quite en fete. The ordi- l . 1892… 193.00 I 1892… 7.00 nance of the Lord's Supper followed $393.40 $298.80 the baptismal service. While curiosity De it balance 94.60 and wonder were predominant in many $393.40 of the spectators, there were signs of a deeper feeling. Scenes from Missionary Life.

Student Volunteer Fund. "The Bishop's Conversion, .. * by The editors :lind it necessary to make Mrs. Ellen B. Maxwell, is a book with another appeal to the friends of mis- a purpose. Ignorance of facts has been Idons, and of the Volunteer Movement the canse of much harsh criticism of in partioular. The offer of the REvmw missionaries 80S to their style of living.

at a prioe less than oost of publishing It is to dispel this ignoranoe and cor- was made in order that many of the rect false impressions that Mrs. Max- young men and young women who well gives to the publio this narrative have signified their intention to spend of every-day life and work in India.

their life in the Master's servioe in the The scenes are well selected and vividly foreign field might be enabled to grow and forcibly pictured; many of them in knowledge ooncerning the work to be being drawn from her own personal ex- done. The offer has been widely ac- perience. As Bishop Thoburn says in oepted, and has oonsequently necessi- his Introduction : "Practical mission- tated a oall for oontributions to make aries have nothing to fear, but much to up the. deficit. The outlay has been hope from a truthful presentation of about four hundred dollars ($400), and their work to the Christian public."

the donations from editors and friends The book will prove valuable in awak- reaoh only three hundred ($300). The ening renewed interest in missionaries amount lacking must go on increasing and conveying accurate knowledge of unless some response is made to this the constant toil and many hardships appeal. The editors and publishers are which they are called upon to undergo.

desirous of continuing their offer un- It cannot fail to convert many besides limited, and have recently extended it the bishop to a belief that missionary to members of the movement in Eng- life is not one of ease and luxury, but land. It is earnestly hoped that a gen- one which shows clearly the unselfish.

erous response in sums large or small ness and true heroism of those engaged will remove the necessity for any cur- in the work of the Master in heathen tailment or restrictions. lands.

Volunteers who are able to do so will '" The Bishop's Conversion. By Mrs. Ellen B. aid the cause by paying the regular sub. Maxwell. New York: Hutton & Eaton, Price scription price, Those desiring to take $1.50.

THE KON'l'HLY CONCERT OF MISSIONS

I V.-THE MONTHLY CONCERT OF MISSIONS.

MEnco,* CENTRAL AMEBICA, WEST INDIES, CITY EVANGELIZATION.t The West Indian Isla.nds and the MOil- than three centuries after their discov- kito Ooast, ery of them could be. sung. better than BY THE BEY. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, NAZA· of almost any other part of this sinful BETH, PA. earth, It is certainly most appropriate in .. Where every Pl'Ollpect pleuea, And only man is vUe."

this year of the Columbian Exposition And the saddest part was, that the vUe to tum our attention to that portion of men were not so much the heathen, bow.

this New World which was first dis· ing down to wood and stone, as the covered by Christopher Columbus, and Christian (God save the mark!) Euro.

note what has been accomplished there peans.

for the upbuilding of Christ's kingdom Already in the early' years of the in those fair lands during these four Spanish domination the aborigines were centuries. Strictly speaking, it is only almost totally exterminated. The abo some of the West Indian islands that solutely fiendish cruelty practised upon are known to us four full centuries, and them by their Spanish conquerors, and the very name of the archipelago testi- often in the name of religion, resulted . fies to the first erroneous ideas of the in their annihilation. It is said that original discoverers. 2,000,000 of these mild Indians were This string of islands stretches in an found on the island of Hayti, and after S.shaped line from the peninsula of thirty years not one was left. No trace Florida to the northeastern coast of of the Caribs is now to be found any.

Venezuela, the somewhat deformed S , where in the islands.

lying on its side, and measuring, rough- These islands became the great bone ly speaking, 1500 to 2000 miles in length. of contention between conllicting Euro- The islands on the north and east, with pean nations and changed ownership the peninsula of Yucatan, Central and very frequently; but, no matter what South America on the west and south, flag waved over their unfortunate enclose the Caribbean Sea. which takes shores, the planters, having extermiits name from the aboriginal inhabit- nated the native-born laborers, were alants of these islands. The whole archi- ways clamoring for men to work their pelago lies between the 10th and 25th huge plantations. Hence in thele parallels of north latitude, and all, ex- wretched islands African slavery was cept a few of the Bahama Islands, south first introduced into the New World, of the Tropic of Cancer. Situated thull and for nearly three centuries the West in the most favorable portion of the Coast of Africa was depopulated to sup. tropical zone, the islands naturally ply the awful West Indian demand. present a most luxuriant vegetation, For many years the poor blacks were and are said to produce a greater variety deported thither at the rate of 100,000 and more magnificent palms than any a year. Catholic Spaniards, Lutheran other part of the globe. Oranges, ba- Danes, Reformed Dutchmen, Episco. nanas, cocoanuts, yams grow in great palian Englishmen imported, bought, abundance, while the sugar-cane and sold, branded, whipped, mutilated, coffee plantations have been the chief used for fiendish and IUltful purposes source of their commercial importance. these miserable sons and daughters of These islands were veritable little pars- Afric's sunny plains. Whatever may dises in the western sea, but for more have been the character of slavery else- • pp. 153 (Feb.), 180, 201 (this issue). where, here its barbarity beggars de- s(lJ,iption! and tile 4istillct f&Qe of Pl"Qlatpp. t 113 (Feb.), 161, 218 (tl;tis issue). toes to this day testify to its awful im- Moravian Church and the first mission momlitie1l1 One year, a<!cording to the to the West Indies on August 21st, 1732.

swom testimony of the planters them- The missionaries labored at their selves, sixty thousaud punishments trades by day to support themselves, were inflicted upon these helpless and at night preached the Gospel tc.

wretches in four colonies alone, and the poor blacks. Truly apostolic in- tholle the best ordered. One planter deed! The negroes heard the message caused the death of sixty slaves. gladly. Hitherto their principal knowl- Marriage was forbidden among them, edge of the name of God was derived and any attendance upon the means of from the brutal oaths of their overseers, grace was on the majority of the estates and if they had heard of the Saviour, punished by the lash. The imported they thought He was only the white negroes were kept in their original hea- man's God and Saviour. Now that they tnenism, and to its miseries, .. having heard He was for them, too, these weary no hope and without God in the world," and heavy-laden ones eagerly came unto were added all the horrors of such bar- Him to find rest for their souls.

barous slavery. The blacks, of course, But the masters and overseera at once far outnumbered the whites-even a few raised a storm of opposition. They years ago the whites formed only 17 per did not want their slaves to become cent of the population; and yet no one "better Christians than·· they were, "

of these" Christian" whites cared for and they feared the missionaries would the souls of these poor heathen hordes; interfere with their lustful practices.

and thus it went on for centuries. The slaves were flogged unmereifully Finally, far across the waters, in a lit- for going to the missionaries, and the tle colony of refugees for conscience' latter were finally thrown into prison; sake from Bohemia and Moravia gath- but they prayed and sang aloud, and ered with some eamest souls from vari- crowds gathered outside the prison ous provinces of Germany upon the es- windows to listen to them, and many tate of Count Zinzendorf in Saxony, were converted. At this juncture, "the eye of pity" began to gaze upon which was some six years after the in- these man-persecuted and apparently ception of the undertaking, and also God-forsaken blacks. When the little after various changes had taken place colony of Bohemian, Moravian, and in the force of the missionaries, Zinzen- German Brethren which constituted dorf, without knowing anything of the the but just renewed Brethren's Unity deplorable state of the workers, moved (Moravian Church) in Herrnhut num- by an irresistible impulse came himself bered only six hundred souls all told, with reinforcements to St. Thomas.

the first mission of this Church was be- When about landing he said to the ac- gun; and this mission was to the West companying brethren: "What will we Indies-just sixty years before Carey do if we find the brethren no longer sounded his call for a mi88ion to the there?" "Then we are here," was the East Indies. prompt reply. Whereupon Zinzendorf Touched by the tale of a negro slave uttered the historic exclamation : brought to Europe by a Danish noble- " Gens eterna-these Moravians!" He man, two Brethren, Leonhard Dober secured the prisoners' release, but the (afterward the Chief Elder of the opposition continued.

Church) aud David Netschmann (after- Not only did they have to contend ward the first bishop of the Renewed with evil men, but also with dire fevers.

Brethren's Church), .were dispatched The first fifty years of the mission on without funds and without any pros- St. Thomas alone cost the lives of one pect of financial support to found a mis- hundred and sixty missionaries, or an sion on the island of St. Thomas. average of over three a year on just that Thus began tM first mission of the otle iHland; but the gaps were always filled up and the work went on. Ten at this time, it is easy to see with what'

died on St. Croix in a few months, but difficulties the work is surrounded.

Zinzendorf only sang in German verse : Nevertheless, the Moravian missions ex- " Ten have been sowed as if 101lt, but pect to be constituted an independent upon their bed (seed-bed) stands' This province of the Unity, on the same foot- is the seed. of the Moors,' " while twelve ing with the home provinces, by July, were on their way to take their places. 1899, and are receiving but little sup- Six died in a few weeks on St. Thomas port from Europe lind America now.

in 1817. The same day on which the There are at this time but very few news reached Bethlehem, Pa., eight absolutely heathen negroes on the Brit- volunteered to take their places. ish and Danish islands. Nearly all are Such consecration had to tell, and nominally under the care of some their work spread from island to island ; church; but remnants of African super- but then their stations were often de- stition can be found among many. and vastated by hurricanes, earthquakes, sorcery is still practised by some. Sex- droughts, and famines, but neverthe- ual immorality, the awful legacy of sla- less they kept on. very, is tlteir besetting sin. The actual Gradually the opposition began to church-membership of the Moravian die down. Planters began to see that missions is not large, because of the the Christian negroes were more faith- striot churoh discipline exeroised; but ful and reliable, and that they brought the rules of the Churoh are very rigid better prices in the slave-market (sic I), in this respect.

and, by the by, to this day" Moravian" Another peculiar phase of the work negroes are particularly sought after as at present is the unfortunate caste feel- servants. ing that has grown up between the Thus for over a century the mission- "colored" and the "black" people.

aries labored among the slaves, until The blacks are those of unadulterated finally the Day of Emancipation dawned negro descent; the colored are those -in the British Islands, August 1st, with white blood in their veins. The 1838, in the Danish Islands in 1848. latter, little realizing that their color On the night of July 31st, whatever may testifies to their parents' shame, look have been the disturbances among the down upon and despise their blaok heathen negroes, the Christian negroes brethren. The" colored" people are, gathered in their churches and spent on the whole, more intelligent, but they the solemn night in praise and prayer. are slower to become genuine followers Their watchers were stationed on the of the Lord Jesus.

surrounding hills to report the first On the island of Trinidad, which has rays of the sun that was to rise upon but recently come into renewed promi- the day of freedom, and when their nence, there are a large number of hea- hallelujahs heralded that glorious dawn, then coolies imported from the East the worshipping congregations poured Indies, numbering over sixty thousand.

forth, praising God with loud voices almost slaves, and sadly needing the that the year of jubilee had come. blessed Gospel of Jesus Christ.

Up to that time there had, of course, The Moravians have a large number been no possibility of self.support, and of native helpers and teachers educated in spite of all the help received from in their theological seminary in St.

truly Christian planters, the work was Thomas, and in their nonnal school for beset with numberless difficulties. The male teachers in J aroaica and for female mission made great strides in the fol- teachers in Antigua and Jamaioa.

lowing yeaTS, but the problem of self- The Moravians entered the islands of support is being solved but very grad- St. Thomas and St. John in 1732; fit.

ually. As laborers receive in Bome is~­ Croix, 1740 (these three are Danish, all Ilnds only 19 lind 20 cents a day even the rest of the islands on which Moravian missions are situated are British) ; prime.minister, or at least did in very Jamaica, 1754 ; Antigua and Barbadoes, recent times.

1765; St. Kitt's, 1777; Tobago, 1790 ; No attempt to Christianize the inhab.

Trinidad, 1890. On these islands they itants was made by any church for more have 50 stations, with 49 foreign mis- than three centuries after its discovery sionaries, including their wives; 14 or- until, in 1849, the Moravian missiona· dained native missionaries and 777 na- ries entered this field, and they are the tive helpers, exclusiTe of teachers, with only laborers there. The history of 40,468 souls in charge. Furthermore this mission is extremely interesting.

129 day schools with 171 teaohers, all but the space for this month has already native, and 13,749 scholars; and 70 been more than used up, and only a few Sunday-sohools with 938 teaohers and more sentences oan be added.

13,899 pupils. These statistios are for A peculiar feature of the work here the year ending July, 1892. The Mora- is that it must be oarried on largelyoy vians were the first to enter all these means of a ship. The coast is indented islands exoept Trinidad. If it were not with frequent lagoons, which make the for their striot discipline they oould building of roads impossible. Hence number their adherents by hundreds of the India.n hamlets can only be reached thousands. by means of a ship from the sea.

The Methodists, Baptists, Presbyte- In spite of the degraded condition of rians, and Anglican Episcopalians have the Indians, the mission has been won· missions on a great many of the islands derfully successful. The Nicaraguan already mentioned, and also on some Indians, have again and again begged where the Moravians have no stations. the Moravian Brethren to oome to them, We have no reoent statistios at hand of but the Jesuits have so far succeeded their work. On the French islands, in influencing the government to forbid Guadeloupe and Martinique, the only their entrance, although it is relenting.

missions (up to 1890) were those of the and a wide field of influence seems to Roman Catholic Churoh. be openin~ before this mission. The THE MOSKITO COAST. building of the Nicaraguan Canal will have a tremendous influence upon the Four hundred miles southwest from mission, we trust, for good, and it is Jamaica lies the Moskito Coast, which earnestly to be hoped that this canal is the east ooast of Nicaragua, in Cen- may remain under American (i.e .• Unit- tral Amerioa. It is a narrow little strip ed States-Protestant Christian) con- of land about 200 miles long, surrounded trol.

on all sides by the Republio of Nica- This summary must be closed abo ragua, except the east, where the Carib- ruptly with the latest statistics. There bean Sea washes its shores. It takes its are 12 stations with 19 foreign mission- name not from the insect, but from the aries, including their wives; 4 ordained Mosco or Moskito tribe of Indians, who native missionaries and 66 native help.

dwell there. It is about the size of ers, beside the teaohers with 4739 souls Holland, and has from 10,000 to 15,000 in charge. Furthermore, 13 day schools inhabitants-Indians, negroes, mulat. with 13 teachers and 671 scholars, and toes, and whites. It is becoming more 12 Sunday·schools with 44 teachers and and more important from a commercial 776 pupils.

standpoint.

Although disoovered in 15Q2 by Co- N. B.-Since the above article was lumbus, and claimed by various nations written the Nicaraguan government has in turn, it is now, strange to say, a granted permission to the Moravians to semi-independent Indian reserve, with begin mission work among the Indians an Indian chief as ruler, for whom the in Nicaragua adjacent to the Moskito Moravian missionary aots as practical Coast.

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

VI.-GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE.

EDITED BY REV. D. L. LEONARD.

Extracts and Tra.nsla.tions from Foreign Jews in Germany. I have received Periodicals. news from Bavaria that a Dr. B. and all the members 'of his family ha.(re em· BY REV. C. C. STARBUCK. ANDOVER, MASS. braced Christianity; others are IIC- quainting themsjillves with the teachings -" The peoples who are able to main. of Christ, and our venerable missionary. tain their national independence are Mr. Jacobi, in Konigsberg, writes about proceeding to shape their ci viI institu. the great change which is coming over tions after the Christian pattern; the educated Jews. For instance, he has rest are accommodating themselves more been recently invited to the conference and more to the suzerainty of Christian of Jewish religious teachers of East nations. Prussia, held in Konigsberg. Among those who took part were nine school •• The axe is already laid at the .root inspectors and twenty.five teachers. of the trees ; and although the immemo- Rabbi Dr. Bamberger, of Konigsberg, rial, giant oak, planted by a ConfuciUEl presided. Papers were read on differor a Buddha, does not fall in a decade ent subjects by Rabbi Tonn, of Alten. or two, very probably not in a single stein, Rabbi Sturmann, of Osterode, century, yet the first strokes have fallen, Rabbi Dr. Rulf, of Hemmel, Rabbi and the counter·mission, engendered by Scherbel. of Gurnbirmen, Inspector them, proves that men anticipate its Rev. Peritz, of Konigsberg and others. fall. The Crescent also can hardly fail • I need not say that these proceedings Boon to strike its colors. An uneasy had great interest for me,' writes our foreboding says as much to the Moham. friend Mr. Jacobi, 'and the favorable medans themselves. If you could hear opportunity was used to distribute Gertheir private whisperings, you would man tracts.' "-Jewish Intelligence. find them everywhere lamenting: •It is the century of the unbelievers, the AFRICA. Christians' century.' The coming cen· tury also shall be ours; at first, no -" Among the West Coast tribes of doubt, sadly to their displeasure, yet Africa there are no written laws, custom afterward will they be thankful to us and the voice of the elders alone regu. and give glory to God."-L. TlERNERSMA, lating all their jUdiciary affairs. The in De Macedonier. administration of law is much more sim· pIe than in countries of a higher civiliza· -" It is cheering to notice that the tion, less troublesome, and, if anything, Grand Duke of Baden, son·in.law of the more effective. The conscientious stu· late Emperor William I., has taken a dent cannot live among these people firm stand against the anti.Jewish at· any great number of years without in· tacks. He lately celebrated the fortieth creased respect for many of the instituanniversary of his accession to the tions by which they govern themselves. throne. On that occasion he expressed Some of them, when described on paper his sympathy with the Jewish people, from the standpoint of the visitor, who and conferred high decorations on sev· at best can know nothing of the inner eral of their community-rabbis, univer. life. appear extremely grotesque when sity professors, magistrates. He sin- read on the other side of the sea by peogled out for a special distinction his ple who only regard the negro as a cartrusted Finance Minister, Dr. Moritz toon on human nature. Many things Elstatter, who has held this important that seem ridioulous from a distance be. post for twenty.four years. The Gos. pel is making great strides among the

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come on closer inspection objects of ad- poses upon itself some task requiring miration. T4ese people manage to rule energy and self-sacrifice and patience themselves without all the long com· for the benefit of the world. There plicated system of Europe and the Unit- must be something big of some sort ed States. There are here no jails, no which it has to do, which does not pay policemen, no safes, and no lock,ups, directly, but which, consciously or un- and yet among the natives, pure and consciously, it insists on doing, even to simple, life and property are much safer its own immediate detriment. The than in countries that boast of their Roman work was to stamp the notion wonderful civilization. A brass kettle of law as distinct from will into the may be set down in the midst of the white races, and it did it, and died only town or village and left for an indefi- of weakness when it drew back from nite time and it will not be touched. that great task, and suffered the reign That article is known here as hard of will to overpower almost entirely the money, and is the same as gold in other reign of law. Our work in the world is lands. Try that in the city of New to give its dark races a fair chance of York and see how long it will remain advancing; to maintain among them the undisturbed. Many a time, while trav- wonderful pax Britannica, which makes elling, I have left goods that to a native a continent like India as safe as the would have been wealth, in a town, in Strand; to let them, if they will, civil- a mud hut, with no other protection ize themselves, and assist them in the than a simple mat hung before the door work. This is specially our work ,in to keep out the rain. Often they have relation to negroes-first, because we remained weeks; and would have been hate slavery, the grand negro trouble; absolutely safe for any length of time." secondly, because we alone of the na- -Rev. DAVID A. DAY, in Lutheran Mis- tions can govern negroes without op- sionary Journal. pression; and thirdly, because the -" Everywhere in Christendom,' negroes have chosen us out from the alongside of the great apostasy, which nations as the one they will obey most is extending so appallingly, there is easily. Even the slaves in the Southvisible also a growing love to missions. ern States, with all their terrible wrongs, Christendom, inspired, as it were. to a never rose on the Anglo-Saxon planters breathless emulation of effort, precipi- as the Haytian negroes rose on their tates itself upon the tribes encompassed French and Spanish masters. Dr. Blywith the night of heathenism, above all den, perhaps the ablest negro alive, has in this part of the world, which has testified in the writer's hearing that hitherto been accounted the darkest. wherever he has travelled among his This is visibly of the Lord. He is own people, and he has travelled far, he minded to tear away all hindrances has found universally the same feeling which yet delay His advent. He is -that they would rather submit to the minded to hasten His coming. For this English than to any other white race, end He sets every force in motion. Sci- the conviction being that·, though they ence and romantic love of exploration, are violent and sometimes terrible, they culture, and humanity, colonial and mean well by us!" Under these circommercial development, all is con- cumstances the leadership in East Afristrained to serve Him ; all these things ca, from the Mediterranean to the Cape, are highways for the feet of the messen- has fallen to us; and we conceive that gers that are publishing peace."- it should, at any reasonable sacrifice, be retained. Just look at this single Jahresbericht of the Unitas lfTatrum. case of Uganda. It is conceded that we – " We hold that no people will ever have there no white enemy to dread; keep up its character at its highest level and the facts, therefore, resolve them~ – keep it noble, in fact-unless it im- selves into this. By cutting a road-

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

we do not say a railroad-of three hun- we have actually secured to ourselves by dred and fifty miles; establishing a diplomatic effort a recognized though post or two; putting two or three thin kind of sovereignty. It seems to steamers on the Victoria Lake; and us that the House of Commons, if it organizing a minute force-say three votes for such a retreat, does a shamethousandmen-of Ghoorkasand Soudan- ful thing-as shameful a thing as could ese, with three mule batteries of artil. be done, except, indeed, one which, to lery, we can give a country as large and our amazement, is also pressed upon us fertile as England, with a large popula- by semi·official arguments. We can tion, profound quiet, commercial order, keep the protectorate, it is said, it being the opportunity of rising from the Afri. guarded by a European treaty, and yet can to the Asiatic grade of civilization. evacuate Uganda. That is to say, we We can allow Christian teaching, Prot- can keep our rights and do none of our estant and Catholic; we can set every duties; insist on our claims,. and fulfil man and woman free; and we can ren- none of our promises; leave Uganda, der it as safe to practise the simpler arts • the garden of savage Africa,' and -agriculture, weaving, andhouse·build- warn off any rival who might, from ining-as it is in Caithness or Sutherland- terested or other motives, restore a semshire. Englishmen can hardly under· blance of order. It is monstrous counstand what it is for negroes in Africa to sel. If we go, let us go utterly, and conmake even that beginning; but perhaps fess openly that our energy is overtaxed, they may l1nderstand the consequences and leave any white race that will try of our absence. The Arab slave-raid- to perform the duty from which, from ers, already on the verge of sovereignty, mere selfishness-for there is no other will enter Uganda, supported by their motive-we have shrunk."-The Specsavage allies, the Munyuema, and the tator, in Ohurch Missionary lntelligencer. fierce converts they arm with muskets, and turn the whole land into a wilder. -Lord Rosebery, speaking of Uganness whence all villages have disap- da, says to the C. M. S. deputation: peared ; where' no man or woman will "We-at any rate I-view it as a counbe safe from kidnappers for a day; try of great possibilities, as the key, where order will be unknown, except in perhaps, of Central Africa, as commandthe invaders' camps; and where one ing the Nile basin, as a field recently of third of the population will have per. heroic enterprise, as a land that ha.s ished, one third will have been sold been watered by the blood of our saints into slavery-predial slaTery, not do. and martyrs; and I, for one, as a Scotchmestic-and where the remaining third man, can never be indifferent to a land will have been driven out of its fields which witnessed the heroic exploits of into the jungle to live a hunted life on Alexander Mackay, that Christian Bay. roots and fish. In one generation hope ard, whose reputation will always be will have disappeared, Christianity will dear not only in his own immediate have been forgotten, and the people, northern country, but throughout the just emerging from savagery, will have empire at large. Gentlemen, I say that, been thrown back into the condition whereas we view Uganda from all these from which in three thousand years they different aspects, in my opinion you have only escaped at intervals-a con· represent the greatest force of all, be. dition worse, because a little more con· cause you represent what Mr. Bosworth scious, than that of the gorillas. And Smith eloquently called that continuity this not in a land of which we know noth. of moral policy which Great Britain ing, or with which we have no concern, cannot afford, at any time or in any but in a land which we have entered, dispensation, to disregard. That conwhere we have made treaties giving us tinuity of moral policy is a. moral force rights, and therefore duties, and where .by which, in my opinion, this country

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has to be judged. It is the salt which than his own. The preacher at St. savors our history; it is a spirit which Paul's Cathedral yesterday said, with has exalted it; and it is by that when no less truth than eloquence, that one we have passed away that, in my belief, of the Divine marks of Christianity was we shall come to be judged." its suitability to people in all parts of the world. Well, that is perfectly true, MISCELLANEOUS. but we go far to diminish its truth-or at least to make that truth not apparent -Professor Kume, of the Imperial -if we go out with a sort of impression University of Japan, has published an that couples with the mission of preachessay designed to prove that Shintoism, ing Christianity the mission also to inwhich now worships only the emperor troduce, to teach, and enforce all the and the national heroes, was originally conventionalities of the civilization of monotheistic. This view implies a de- the end of the nineteenth century as nial of the divinity of the Mikado's an- seen in a respectable suburb of Loncestry, and has given great offence_ don." Professor Kume has been placed by the government on the retired list. He illustrated this by an amusing story : -" When a chief of the Cherokees was asked why the Cherokees are so " An old friend of mine-not a mismuch in advance of the other tribes, he sionary of this society, I am happy to replied: 'Because we have taken care say-on seeing a great congregation beto educate our women as well as the fore him in a chapel in one oJ. the Pacimen.' "-Home Missionary Monthly (W. H. fic islands, wrote an account of the M. Board, Pres. C.). scene, which subsequently found its way into print. He wrote: • The vast -The Church at Home and Abroad ob- building was crowded to suffocation; jects, with much force, to the expres- the king and the queen were there; the sion " this or that communion." It ad- hymns were sung with a sound like mits that, unhappily, we may require thunder; there was the most intense denominations for a good while to come, interest in the sermon I preached.' but remarks that amongChristians there And do you think the good man went can be but one communion, "the com- on to rejs;lice at the success of the sermunion of saints." mon? Not a bit of it ; no, he went on to say, 'And my heart was sad in me, -At the annual meeting of the So- for in the whole of that vast con~ega­ ciety for the Propagation of the Gospel, tion I do not think there were half a Sir Arthur Gordon, after remarking that dozen persons in complete European he had seen the society's missionaries costume.' "-Mission Field. in all parts of the world, and had, as he believed, ., never come across a single ""':At the same meeting the Bishop of missionary of it who was not animated Mashonaland remarked: "There seems by the true spirit, and who was not to be an idea that those who know most a self-denying man," proceeded to re- about missions do not support them. mark that" an abstract fitness" in mis- My experience has been the opposite. sionaries was hardly enough, but that Three of the most distinguished soldiers they should have also a fitness for the in connection with Africa, an admiral, particular place to which they were a governor, an administrator, are the sent." A missionary should be able to class of men who support us in Africa. enter into the feelings and spirit of There is a class who must be strongly others; he should not go out with opposed to missions, namely, those who stereotyped, fixed, Western ideas; and bring into these countries which must he should be able to tolerate other waYl:l tend to destroy the poor black children of living and other modes of thought both body and soul. These men must

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

dislike mIssIons with all their heartB ; opened, the peoples are brought near, and it would be well if our active op- to a degree of which only a few decades position to them were even stronger back there was scarcely a presentiment.

than it is. We tamely accept what we The Lord is laying a pressure on us to hear to the disparagement of missions work so long as it is day. Christendom without investigating the truth. More must trade with her talent ere the Lord than a year ago one of the most read of comes. Thank God that many in Chris- the London weekly newspapers pub- tendom have understood this summons.

lished a letter bringing against an Afri- However we may lament the shortcom- can mission, close to the home of the ings of the Church, yet none the less is writer, a certain definite charge. It it true that in obedience to the com- was answered by our offering to pay all mand of the departing Christ, • Go ye expenses in connection with the inquiry, into all the world and preach the Gospel and the value of the time expended, if to every creature,' the messengers of the the writer could prove a single instance Gospel are gone forth into all the world.

of what he had asserted to happen gen- In this work our Lutheran Church has erally. This answer was published in her part, and may she to-day, so far the same paper; but from that day to as represented by us; strengthen her this nothing has been heard of that faith anew, although on the word which man." was given of old, inllame her zeal and – " An example of Mary Mo.ffat's revive in the freshness of an undying love."-The Very Reverend Superinfaith is that during the darkest time, tendent WERNER, in Evangelisch-Lutherwhen not a single man or woman about isches Missionsblatt. them seemed in the least degree touched or even interested in the message of sal- -" The peoples contend with one anvation, a friend in England wrote ask- other, they advance in their might, in ing what presents to her might be of their civilization and culture, and then use. She answered: 'Send us a com- again decay; but through all the conmunion service; we shall want it some fusion and tumult proceeds the still footday.' The parcel was long on the way; fall of One Invisible, and amid the vicisbut just the day before that arranged situdes of nations and kingdoms grows for receiving the first six converts into a single kingdom day and night, the the Church, the box arrived containing kingdom of Him who saith: •All authe communion vessels for which Mary thorityis committed unto Me in heaven had asked hearly three years before."- and in earth.' When His appointed Woman's Work, in Missionary Reporter. time arrives He causes the sun of the -" When we cast our eyes over the Gospel to shine upon the peoples, and lands of the earth, over the shores of His love has then power to melt even the oceans, the broad continents and the ice which has chilled a hundred the island world, southward and north- generations under the bondage of sin, ward, eastward and westward, of many and to shatter the citadels of Satan.

peoples the first-fruits are scarce gath- Yet has He long patience to wait. Not ered in, and the great multitude are still till the long-delayed event may we ador.

waiting for the message of salvation. ingly say, 'It is the Lord.' Even thus The time presses. We know not how does St. Paul review the wonderful ways near the coming of the Lord is, but mul- of God with the nations, and exclaim: tiplying signs remind us of the word, , How unsearchable are His judgments e This Gospel of the kingdom shall be and His ways past finding out. For preached in all the world, for a witness who hath known the mind of the Lord, unto all nations; and then shall the or who hath been His counsellor? . . .

end come.' The ways to the heathen For of Him, and through Him, and to world are set in order, the doors are Him lire all things!' "-Ibid. IN GENERAL. -This is the scientific view of it, and science speaks with authority: "The -To him who, month by month, foreign travellers and residents in the from the whole wide world diligently South Sea Islands who write with such endeavors to gather facts relating to hOliltility of missions there are men who missions and to exclude all fictions, find the missionary to be an obstacle to there is solid comfort in the saying that the accomplishment of their evil pur- " the man who never makes any mis- poses." – Oharles Darwin. takes never makes anything." But all the same, the struggle for accuracy in -There;is a story of a minister who every statement goel! courageously on. plead so earnestly for foreign missions that, when he asked for those who -" Blessed are they who see the day would volunteer to enter upon the work, of glory, but more blessed are they who his own daughter came forward promptcontribute to its approach."-Bishop ly and offered herself. Taken by sur- Secker. prise, the father said: "Oh, daughter, I did not mean you." How easy to talk -Dr. S. J. McPherson, apropos of the with fervor without meaning much! recent decease of a certain millionaire, used these words so painfully and terri- -The tithe as a standard for giving bly true: "A selfish man is a Dead to the Lord will not answer for all. He Sea, and wants all things to be inlets whD gives $1 out of $100,000 gives far without any outlets; but a fine char- less than he who gives the same out of acter, like a sweet-water lake, must have $10,000 or $1000. Dr. Joseph Brown, outlets as well as inlets. His life is an of Glasgow, quaintly says that no man interesting study for likeness to the can overlook this principle of propor- Dead Sea." tionate giving if he understands his arithmetic, and that the practical neg· -In less than 80 Y'Olars 30,000 mis- lect of it can be accounted for only on sionary Baptists in the United States the ground that such people, when they have grown to over 3,000,000; while came to simple proportion, bolted over it 40,000 anti·mission Baptists have grown into vulgar fractions." to only 45,000. "I do not know," says Rev. William Brock, " what there would -A Brahman said to a missionary: have been in the Baptist denomination "We are finding you out. You are not if there had been no Baptist mission. so good as yonf Book. If you were as It was the real source of inspiration to good as 101U' Book, you would conquer the churches." Insert any other de- India for Christ in five years." nominational name and the statement is equally true. –Joel Chandler Harris, of "Uncle Remus" fanie, is the son of a mission- -The great commission of the Master ary. and is about to revisit his birthwho bids His followers" Go ye into all place on the African coast, where his the world, and preach the Gospel to parents were once settled. every creature," is often understood as if it read, .. Stay ye in this part of the -A building that at one time beworld, and preach the Gospel to the few longed to the Inquisition has been purpeople who have already heard it." chased by the Baptists of Bahia, Brazil, Whereas the command is to all, and for mission purposes. "Surely the equally to all. And the many who are wrath of man shall praise Thee." not called to go themselves are bound to send substitutes for the service-sons, -Whoso would conjure wisely with daughters, offerings-and to pray with- figures, first of all must be sure that beout ceasing to the Lord of the harvest. hind his figures are solid facts to match. Yes, go or send substitutes. Of the bulk of the world no census has ever been taken, and so whenever the numbers of human kind are given, it is to the next Assem bly looking toward &.

to be remembered that outside of North more economical expenditure of mis- America, Europe, and India, and a few sion funds. After expressing its con- smaller regions, all conclusions are fidence in the unity of the Church, and based only upon estimates-that is, its belief in co·operation as a practical guesses. Africa used to contain 200,- method of expressing that unity, it ex- 000,000 and upward to even 300,000,- pressed the desire to co.operate with ODD, but now statisticians name 165,- other churches in bringing about this 000,000, or even 130,000,000, as probably. reform in the missionary field of the.

nearer the truth; while a recent writer West.

would leave to the Congo Free State WOMAN'S WORK. bnt 8,000,000 out of the 40,000,000 who have been supposed to dwell therein; Past and Present.-It marked the be-· and, finally, along comes the Chinese ginning of a new and important stage in ambassador and declares that the popu- the growth of Christian missions wpen, lation of his country is grossly overesti- in 1861, and largely through Mrs. Doremated, and instead of 400,000,000 there mus, in Ne'!V York City, was formed the are but 125,OOO,000! Calculations, he Union Missionary Society, the first of says, have been based upon the num- its kind, at least in the United States, ber found to the square mile in the and by the co-operation of women. vicinity of the seaboard, while further from six denominations. The need back, over tbe bulk of the area of the of the new movement was so great, empire, the density of population is and the call was so evidently from on. much less. high, that presently the idea was taken. up and acted upon by others, and now it -Mr. Moody finds young Irishmen has come to this, that any church which from the old country so especially valu- is not supplied with a Woman's Board able, when trained for evangelistic is counted singular and far behind the· toil, that in closing his work in that times.

island recently he offered to depart from Not less than 75 such organizations his usual rule of requiring candidates can now be named, of which 50 are in the to bear a portion of the expense of their United States and Canada, and the rest training, and if 25 young men were sent mainly in Great Britain, with an aggre- from Ireland, he would put them gate income approaching near to $2,000,- through their conrse in the Chicago In- ODD, and upward of 5000 representatives stitute without any charge. in the foreign field, of whom nearly 2000 -Though not a .few Episcopalians have gone ont from Christian lands. have strong convictions against sending These four denominations stand at the " missionaries to Roman Catholic coun- front with respect to the extent of their tries, because they are already under work, though various others, according the jurisdiction of bishops who are in to their numbers and ability, have done the line of the apostolical succession," just as well or even better: the Presbythe Evangelical Ohurchman of Toronto terians, $316,734; the Methodist Epis. does not in the least share such strange copalians, $265,342 ; the Congregationscruples, and makes bold to affirm : "It alists, $218,935; and the Baptists, $213,- is the duty of Protestants to carry the 658. As a manifestation of zeal coupled Gospel to Romanists, who in some coun- with energy and skill, the society first tries-Spain, Mexico, and Brazil, for named reported receipts last year less instance-need it almost as m.ilch as the than those of the entire great Church by heathen." 'only $16.226, a phenomenon strange, if- not serious; and while the Methodist.

-The Presbyterian Synod of Oregon, Church South has been for some years I't its last meeting, adopted an overture struggling with a debt, the women. thereof have maintained a treasury years in the Galesburg, TIl., Congregablessed with a surplus in the bank. tional Church, 12 girls have gone as missionaries to foreign lands. At the The kinds of work undertaken are home of one of these in Tokyo she died." various, with school work most common. In the zenanas of the East women find -How many readers of the MISSIONa boundless :field, one desolate in the ARY REVIEW know that the membership extreme, and have it all to themselves. of the W. C. T. U., including the young Besides, in hospitals and elsewhere, not women's branoh and the ohildren of the far from 100 women are ministering Loyal Temperanoe Legion, has reached abundantly to the bodies and souls of in the United States alone 350,000, their sex. Nearly two thirds of that or that among the great things done it number went from this country. has procured 10,000,000 signatures to petitions for prohibitioll ? It maintains The enginery applied at home is the largest publishing society of women equally peculiar. The money is raised in the world, and is annually issuing by various devices, among which these 130,000,000 pages of printed matter, all are most common : by membership fees, used in pushing its great work of moral with dues paid annually, quarterly, or reform. Then there is also that magni. monthly; by pledges, mite-boxes, col- fioent $1,000,000 " temple" in Chioago, lections at public meetings held for the the quickening centre for all its world. purpose, etc. But perhaps the most wide aotivities ! noteworthy feature is found in the surprising variety and abundance of litera- THE UNITED STATES. ture furnished to diffuse information and kindle interest. Thus there are the -The following figures have been monthly magazines, bearing often names published by the Commissioner of Edu. so happily chosen, and edited with such oation : Number of pupils enrolled last ability and tact; magazines and papers year in the common schools of the oounfor children as well ; mission studies try, 13,203,170, and the average daily running through the months; prayer attendanoe,8,404,228. There were 363,- calendars to give definiteness and point 922 teachers, 122,551 being males and to petitions at the throne of grace, etc. 241,371 females, and the total expendi- In all which surely there is something ture for the support of the publio which the brethren are bound narrowly schools was $148,173,487. The prog. to observe, and also something which ress of education among the oolored they may often wisely imitate. people is presented in the following statistics: Number of pupils, 1,309,251 ; -Mary Allen West, who died not long teachers, male, 13,567 ; female, 10,497. ago in Japan, whither she had gone in behalf of the Woman's Christian Tem- -It may now be taken for granted perance Union, is a woman not soon to that the Utah question, whioh for fifty be forgotten. In the" crusade" against years has been our perplexity and our the saloon of twenty years ago she took shame, may be regarded as settled, a an active part; in the sublime move- thing of the past. After what legisla. ment which soon grew out of it she was tion has accomplished, aided most not long in coming to the front, and for effectually by the vigorous mission years wielded a wide influence as editor work of the churches, it only remains· of the Union Signal. In particular this to continue the teaching and preaching fact is notable : work and hold the region yet longer in territorial condition, and in due season "She graduated from college when polygamy as well as priestly tyranny but seventeen and entered at once upon will live but in memory. The recent her lifework as a teacher. Her influ- amnesty proclamation of the President ence over her pupils was strongly re- was a wille recognition of the existing ligious, and out of a large Sabbath- status. The churches out there numschool class which she taught for many ber 89 with 98 ministers, while there Batavia, TIl., gave to the (colored) theofire 81 schools with 6518 scholars. logical seminary at Atlanta, Ga., now called by his name, the sum of $350,000 -Sooner or later it is the impossible for buildings and endowment, and now, that is certain to happen. Or, in the by the terms of his will, a further sum tooth of the famous historic statement of $750,000 goes to the same institution. to the contrary, the mountain in our These large gifts may well stand with time and land is actually moving toward the Slater fund of $1,000,000, the Hand Mohammed. That is, Rome, after an- fund of $1,500,000, and the Peabody athematizing and fighting our public- fund of $2,000,000, allleEt for the benefit school system time out of mind, has at of the freedmen. length concluded to come to terms with the institution and kindly suffer it to -When a few weeks since Rev. Edsurvive-yes, even to make friends there· win E. Bliss died in Constantinople, with. So the zeitgeist in America is too after forty.nine years of distinguished much even for the Pope. service, a life of far more than ordinary usefuln.ess came to an end. When he -But, speaking of the prophet of entered Turkey in 18!l3 the work was Islam, the telegraph tells us that an just at its beginning, and in all the reo emissary even from far off Manila is markable progress which has since been on his way hither, Koran in hand, and witnessed he bore a prominent part. In in the person of Alexander Russell particular he helped nobly to create a Webb, late United States cOllEul and a Christian literature, and to build up for recent convert to the same, to turn us both sexes a system of schools and col- .all into Mohammedans, since theirs is a leges. HolY fast the fathers are passing loftier faith, and theirs also are purer away! morals. At least 53,000 rupees have been contributed for his .. mission" by -The American Seamen's Friend So· the faithful in Rangoon, Calcutta, and ciety sustained in 1892 sailors' homes, Hyderabad. Bethels, chaplains, missionaries, col- porteurs, and Bible readers (in all 35) -On the 14th of last December the in 32 foreign and domestic seaports. Board of Regents conferred legal au· The whole number of new loan libraries thority upon the International Medical sent to sea by the society, from 1858-·59 Missionary Society to establish in New to April 1st, 1892, was 9761 ; and the York City a misiiionary school of medi- reshipments of the same for the same cine, the first institution of the kind in period were 10,933 ; the total shipments the world. aggregating 20,694. The number of volumes in these libraries was 505,020, -There can scarcely be two opinions and they were accessible, by shipment upon the legislation upon our statute and reshipment, to 369,093 men. Teu books concerning the Chinese. It is an hundred and seven libraries, with 36,409 open violation of treaty pledges, it is an volumes, were placed upon vessels in outrage upon an innocent population, the United States navy, and in naval and was a piece of the merest political hospitals, and were accessible to 115,- demagogism. If retaliation was ever 504 men, and 146 libraries were placed in justifiable, it is now, and from China. stations of the United States Life·Sav- Except that the law seems certain to be ing Service, containing 5467 volumes, an utter failure, and so will but cover accessible to 1168 keepers and surfmen. its originators with confusion. Almost to a man so far the Chinese pay it no -The colored Baptists of the South beed, and to enforce it, to send, them are making an earnest effort to develop all back, would cost some $10,000,000 ! their missionary work in Liberia. Some At any rate, John Chinaman is no fool. six years ago they sent a missionary and his wife to the Congo under au agree- -Some years since Mr. Gammon, of ment of co-operation with the American has a synod in and about Arizona whose Baptist Missionary Union. Within a area is greater than 5 States the size of few months they have been making spe- Pennsylvania. On the roll are 26 mincial effort to arouse interest in their isters, 17 Spanish helpers, and 42 Liberia work, one of their missionaries churches with a membership of 1360. -the Rev. Mr. Johnson-having spoken Several of the churches are Spanish and in many places in this country, and then 1 is Indian. gone to England to secure funds there_ -The Oumberland Presbyterian ex- -The Christian (Disciple) Church claims: "Just think of 170,000 memcontributed for foreign missions last bers and $20,000 given to home misyear $70,321, of which but $1751 were sions last year! Or, in other words, from bequests. In all, 1338 churches we gave eight and one half cents per contributed, from 1468 Sunday-schools member to establish our Lord's cause came offerings to the amount of $21,907, where the Gospel is needed in this land." and from 193 societies of Christian En- And the call goes out for $25,000 in 1893 deaTor, $1830. for foreign missions.

-The fiftieth anniversary of the ar- -From Philadelphia, sent forth by rival of Father Heyer at Guntur, India, the Umted Presbyterian Church on Nowas celebrated in many Lutheran Sun- vember 2d, a party of 7 missionaries day-schools during the year 1892. About sailed en route for Egypt; 2 men with 400 connected with the General Synod their wives and 3 unmarried women. contributed a jubilee offering for foreign Two were returning to their work, and missions amounting to $5,562. To 5 were new to the work. this amount is also to be added several thousand dollars contributed for the -" Liberalism," somehow, does not support of students, numerous helpers appear to be conducive to evangelistic in gospel work, the erection of prayer zeal. For the other day, at a gathering houses, and similar mission work. of Boston Unitarians, by one of their own number it was stated as a,fact that -The M. E. Church, South, began the 15 Congregational churches of the work among the Indians as far back as city of Worcester give more in a year for 1823, and has expended upon them in all missionary purposes than all the 450 upward of $400,000. In the Indian Ter- Unitarian societies in the country. ritory last year they could report 90 missionaries and a membership of over DOMINION OF CANADA. 12,000. This same church has a Mexican mission which embraces three con- -Many years ago there was a refuge ferences, and stretches westward to the for lepers at Tracadia, on an island in Pacific and southward to the State of the mouth of the St. Lawrence. A pa- Michoacan. About 80 native preachers tient who had been confined there made are in service, and Q'Ver 5000 native his escape and sought shelter in a hosmembers are enrolled as communicants. pital in Montreal. Before his death he told one of the sisters the horrible con- -The Presbyterian Church is bestir- dition of this abode. He said they were ring itself to take in hand the matter of fastened up in it, and then left entirely doing its share toward Christianizing to themselves, their food being thrown and Americanizing the millions of Ger- over a high wall, while the ground man immigrants, bearing in mind what within was knee deep with mire and a German once said: "Unless the filth. The Superior applied for leave to Americans take care of the Germans, send some of the sisters to take charge the Germans will take care of the of this place. As soon as she received Americans. " it she called together the sisters under her care, told them the story, and asked -The Presbyterian Church, South, for four volunteers, offering herself to £120,203. The Church of England so. lead them, The entire 30 came forward, cieties raised £539,510 ; joint societies from whom four were chosen, and they of Churchmen and Nonconformists, have changed the abode of horrors into £206,330; Nonconformist societies in a clean, orderly, cheerful Christian England and Wales, £456,348; Scotch home, and have established churches and Irish Presbyterians, £210,306; and and schools, Roman Catholics, £9015.

-The Methodist Church has reIJeived -The Boys' Brigade in the United this ap,Peal from missionaries in China : Kingdom numbers over 1600 officers and " In view of the present settled state of 21,000 boys, making it the largest Christhis great province of Sze.Chuen, with tian organization of boys in the world, its forty to fifty million people, the many Those in charge have practically decid· openings for missionaries, and the im. ed in favor of having an encampment of perative and present need of workers, the brigade at th.e World's Fair, though 25 missionaries are expected, in answer all the details are not as yet settled. to prayE'r, to join us here by the year 1900. This will necessitate the depar. -This gentle reminder from theture from Canada each year of two mar· Propagation Society is always in order ried men and two single men, or one concerning the statement frequently msrried man and three single men, be- made, and which in a sense is also true, ginning with August,1893." And one that the Baptist Society is the oldest of them adds: "Mrs, Hartwell and my. missionary organization in England: self cheerfully offer to receive into our The oldest of all such organizations is home, to board and lodge free, for one the now little known. New England year, two young men, unmarried, who Company, which was founded by act are willing to come to Chen·tu." of the Long Parliament in 1649, and in. corporated by royal charter in 1662. -The Board of French Evangelization The Society for the Propagation of th& of the Presbyterian Church reports for Gospel was fonnded in 1701, and it is 1892 that 36 mission fields with 96 frequently averred that becluse it was preaching stations have been supplied, founded for ", the religious instruction 24 mission schools carried on, and 12 of the king's sul'ljects beyond the seas," colporteurs employed. An ever.increas- it did no missionary work until the ing number of children from Roman early part of the nineteenth century. Catholic homes has been attending the Admitting for the sake of argument that mission schools. In some of these al. to plant the Church in the colonies is most the total attendance is Roman not missionary work, the slightest ac· Catholic. For example, in one ~hool quaintance with the condition of the 14 out of 17 are Roman Catholic ; in .. king's subjects beyond the seas" in another, 15 out of 16; in another, 23 the eighteenth century would prevent out of 28. 'In fact, except in one or two our forgetting that in that category schools, the Roman Catholic attendance were large numbers of heathen for is not less than one third and often more whose conversion the Society labored than one half. from the first. So long ago as 1704 it sent missionaries to the negroes and EUROPE. Indians in what is now the State of New York; in 1712 it extended its work to Great Britain.-Canon Scott Robert. the negroes in the West Indies; in) 749 son has just completed his liwenty-first to Central America, to the Indians on annual summary of British contribu. the Mosquito Coast; in 1752 to the tions to missionary societies for propa- negroes of West Africa ; and in 1778 to gating the Gospel in foreign parts. The the Indians of Canada. total for the year 1891 is £1,421,500, an increase of the sum realized in 1890 of -It was indeed II mysterious providenee when the Roumania was ship- a Protestant church at Madrid has been wrecked off the coast'of Portugal a few consecrated with the consent of Premier weeks since, and several missionaries on Sagasta. The consecration ceremony their journey to take up their sacred had been postponed repeatedly because tasks found a grave in the deep. the approval of the conservative pre- -" I believe in the Salvation Army mier, just succeeded by Sagasta, could because the wealth of wisdom, wit, and not be obtained. "Protests" indeed! work in women has been utilized by Axe we dwelling in the nineteenth cenyour great leaders as never before in the tury or back in the ninth instead?

cause of our Master and Lord. I am a -The Evangelical Church' of Italy Methodist, and my apprenticeship in (Chiesa, Evangelica d'Italia), as the Free the mighty church founded by Susanna Church is now called, in the minutes Wesley's son John, and set to music by of its last biennial convention, held her son Charles, long ago taught me in Florence, reports encouraging prog- that for the hosts of God to go forth ress. Letters addressed to the body without women was like a bird beating by prominent Protestants throughout the air with but a single wing. The Christendom show how this Church has Church has long hobbled on one foot. won universal respect. The relations Your Axmy has succeeded in getting the to the Waldensian Church are cordial, other foot to the' floor and' the swing though the hoped-for union has not of conquest' is the result."-liTances E. been effected. The most serious diffi· Willard. culty is found in the education of can- -Mr. Weir, of Greyfriars, Dumfries, didates for the ministry, for which the in sending to the foreign mission sixteen proper facilities are yet wanting. The shillings, the last earnings of a young last convention was composed of 38 workman who was killed in an accident, delegates, representing 25 churches, and writes: .. The parents said that they 34 groups of circuits and stations.

eould not bear to put the money to any -Herr Frederick Krupp, son and sucordinary use, and that they wished it cessor of the great founder of the Krupp given to missions. It was the money gun, on the occasion of the unveiling found due to him by his employers." of a memorial statue to his late father, -The Free Church calls on the young gave 500,000 marks to a committee to of the 1100 congregations to supply expend in erecting 100 small cottages, £2000 for a hospital at Tiberias upon with gardens, for the use of the most the Sea of Galilee, and so in the very deserving of the workmen in his employ.

region where the Great Heal~ wrought ASIA.

so many wondrous cures ! Turkey.-It is gratifying to learn The Continent.-In France the gov- that Caxton's art is making rapid progernment pays the pastors, not only of ress in Jerusalem. Two weekly news. the Catholic but of the Protestant de- papers, in pure Hebrew-Ha' Or (" The nominations. This rule obtains also in Light") and Hachawazeleth (" The Flowthe colonies, so that even Mohammedan er")-are issued, and both enjoy a good mosques are maintained by the State. circulation. Jerusalem, an annual, held It costs millions of francs. There is a in great repute on the Continent, is also strong disposition to abolish the ar- published there. It is curious to note rangement and have a free Church in a that several of the monasteries in the free State; but Napoleon's concordat Holy Land publish their religious works with the Pope stands in the way. through the Jewish book· pUblishing houses established in Jerusalem, though -In spite of the emphatic protests of s6'veral of the institutions have their the papal nuncio, the Bishop of Madrid own presses and issue Latin and Axabio and thousands of aristocratic Catholics, books for private use.-Jewish World. Persia.-Mizra Abraham is a convert sin," and adds, .. The catechist says from Islam, whose steadfastness and there are not less than 300 others ready Christian zeal in persecution are at publicly to renounce their old faith in present exciting not a little interest in favor of Christianity." All these belong Persia. He was arrested for preaching to the Mangs, one of the lowest of castes Christ. He was beaten and tormented in the city, the basket-makers, the horn- and cast into prison. For three weeks blowers and drum-beaters at marriages, he was in prison in Oroomia, and after- births, and other heathen ceremonies. ward in Tabriz. He persisted in con- fessing Christ. He has won the heart -The Indian Witness reports that the of his jailer, receiving, in consequence, aggregate additions to the Christian liberty to see his friends, read his Bible, community connected with ~he Meth- and speak to his fellow-prisoners. Ten odist Episcopal missions within the out of the 11 criminals in jail he has bounds of the North India Conference won over to Christ. Thousands of Mos- for the year ending October 31st, 1892, lems are having their attention thereby amounted to 14,410 persons, children called to the claims of Christianity. and adults. In this conference there are 42 native pastors who draw their -In Tabriz, when the missionaries support entirely from the people. wanted a school building, the best place they could find was one already occu- -Rev. R. C. Ha;ting8 writes of the pied by a distillery, with ample room churches in the Ceylon Mission that the for more buildings of the same sort. total number is 16, with a membership Mrs. William Thaw, of Pittsburg, gave of over 1500, and that 10 of these pay the money, and they bought it, building all their expenses, including pastor's and all, put up more buildings, turned salary, contributions to benevolent so- the distillery into a dormitory, and that cieties and running expenses. A good is the school to-day! record indeed.

India.-Which is it? Are women so -Adjutant Abdul Aziz, a Mohamme- ridiculously cheap, or are cows so alarm- dan convert to Christianity, now has ingly dear, that Miss Sugden, a returned charge of the social work of the Salva- missionary, can report that" a cow is tion Army at Bombay. worth 100 women"? And, further, she says that men of India claim that only -According to statistical tables pre- three women have ever gone to heaven- pared for the recent Bombay Conference, to wit, our Lord's mother, the mother 53 denominations are carrying on mis- of Mohammed, and oneof the prophet's sionary work in India, besides 5 women's wives. societies of an undenominational char- acter, and 7 isolated missions. In them -The Irish Presbyterian Church re- all are found 808 ordained missionaries, , ports this soUd growth in Kathiawar in 785 ordained natives, 114 foreign and ten years: stations have increased from Eurasian lay preachers, 3336 native lay 15 to 18, ordained missionaries from preachers, 171,214 communicants, and 7 to 12, native agents from 38 to 108, 534,113 adherents (native Christians). communicants from 248 to 389, Chris- The increase in nine years is 123,000 in tian community from 1808 to 2162, and adherents and 62,000 in communicants. the attendance at schools from 1706 to Classified according to ordained and lay 3593. workers, both foreign and native, com- municants and adherents, Madras has -Mr. Wilkie, of the Presbyterian 355; 1319; 99,000 ; 341,000. Bengalhas Church, Canada, reports from Indore 219 ; 781 ; 38,000 ; 108,000. Northwest· that "over 300 people have publicly ern Provinces and Oudh have 92 ; 209; retlOunced Hinduism and profess faith 14,000 ; 30,000. Punjab has 50; 293 ; in Jesus Christ as their Saviour from 6000; 20,000. Bombay has 48; 278·; 9000; 22,000; and Central India has Korea.-The presence of Dr. Allen, 21 ; 170; 2000 ; 9000. of the M. E. Church, in Seoul, in De- China.-There are over 100 medioal cember, 1884, saved the life of Prince missionaries in China, and 56 of them Min Yong Ik; and this resulted in the are women. They reaoh those who establishment of a hospital under Chrisare beyond the reaoh of male missiona. tian auspices and supported by the ries, even though physicians, and touch king. It also prepared the way for the home life as no others oa.n. physicians and teachers as nothing else would have done. The king has pre- -How easy, with suoh a oommon· sented to this hospital a signboard con- sense pla.n, to do much with a little! A taining the name given to it by him, missionary in China says that any which being translated is, " Widespread ohurch society of 60 members, each giv- Relief Hospital, " ing 2 cents per week, could preach yearly, through a native preacher, to 50,000 -A missionary writes that in this persons. He knows of 5 societies who country" woman's work is never done. " have adopted this plan, and working to· " They are expected to keep their husgether provide a floating chapel and dis- bands and sons iu spotless linen, and, pensary, a Christian doctor and 2 native as the men dress completely in white, preachers; and during last November wearing even white leggings, and as and December they preached in 100 Korea abounds in miry clay, the washvillages, and gave medical aid to more ing becomes no mean thing. Moreover, than 1000 persons. when one learns that every article be· fore it is washed must be entirely -" When my soul comes to a body picked to pieces, and after it is ironed on earth again," said the wife of a high remade, the sewing looms into gigantic official one day, " I want to be a dog, proportions. The Korean women have not a woman. A dog can run about as no soap, no tubs, no washboards. The it. chooses. If one has a will as high as clothes are carriod to a mountain the heavens one ca.nnot stir hand or stream and there rubbed on the stones, foot, we are so fettered by our cus- They have no irons, so the pieces of toms." cloth are wound over a sort of rolling.

-In the Fuh-kien province 993 per- pin and patted with a stick-a most sons were baptized last year in the Eng- laborious and tedious process, but one lish Church's missions. Bishop Burdon which gives linen a gloss almost equal confirmed 100 candidates in Hing-hwa, to that of satin. The traveller coming which has never had a resident Euro- into a town far into the night never pean missionary. fails to hear the tick-tack. tick-tack, -In Paotingfu, the capital of Pechili, that announces the woman at her ironthe chief literary man of the province ing."

recently came to one of the missionaries Japan.-The fall term of the Doshisha and gave him about $75 with which to purchase scientific books. So that after at Kyoto opened prosperously with 144 all the hide-bound and conceited Celes- in the preparatory department, 215 in tials do begin to feel the influence of the college department, 56 iu the theothe Western world. logical department, 63 in the scientific, and 16 in the law department, making -The M. E. ChurCh, South, has two 494 in all. Dr. Davis says: "I never main centres of work, the one at Shang- began the school year before with a hai and the other at Soochow, a city of braver or happier heart, or one more at 500,000, the literary focus of the em. rest and peace. "

pire, and to which 20,000 " stUdents" -Mr. John Imai, the first "priest of gather at one time to pass examination the Anglican Church in Japan, in de· for literary degrees. scribing the work done by the various 'Christian bodies, speaks of the Congre- people, and is characterized by a tacigationalists as having the advantage of turn self-reliance which makes him instrong ed"1lcational foundations, the valuable in such enterprises. Presbyterians as successful in winning converts, the Methodists as noticeable ISLANDS OF THE SEA. for forming strong centres and schools, the Roman Catholics for possessing -A few years ago Mrs. Allan, of Glas- 30,000 adherents, and the Greek Church gow, Scotland, a member of the family <the largest body) for its trained native which owns the Allan Line of steamers, clergy. visited Japan, and on her return to Scot. land offered £750 to Rev. R. A. Thom- -Count Inoue, Minister of Home son, a Baptist missionary at Kobe, to Affairs, has given $800 to the Christian begin a mission on the Loochoo Islands. 'university (Doshisha), has erected at Her offer was accepted and the mission Yamaguchi a building for a mission, begun by sending two Japanese evanand has aided several mission schools gelists to Naha, the principal port of for girls. Count Ito, the Prime Minis- Okinawa, the largest of the Loochoo ter, is also a friend and supporter of Islands. Mrs. Allan died last spring, Christian schools. and on the very day of her death the first Loochoo convert was baptized at -Japan also has its Great Northern Naha. Railroad extending some 500 miles from Tokyo to Aomori, a seaport at the north- -It is 20 years since Dr. Mackay, ~rn end of the great island Nippon. missionary of the Canadian Presbyterian Church, began to labor in North For- AFRICA. mosa. The result is in that part of t,he island at this day 2605 baptized Chris- -Bishop Ferguson, of Cape Palmas. tians, 50 native preachers, 2 ordained {lalls especial attention to the fact that pastors, and many other workers. the Cape Palmas tribe of Greboes had raised a sum of money to purchase a This same Dr. Mackay writes that Bible to take the place of their fetiches, "North Formosa has a neat chapel in and remarks: "Such a thing as a memory of China's great evangelist, heathen tribe's giving up its gregrees William C. Burns, and she will soon and taking instead the Bible as a token have one dedicated to the memory of of its acceptance of the Christian re- India's heroic defender, Alexander Duff. ligion. to be henceforth its rule and In June last I received £102 from an guide, has never taken place in this aged Christian lady in Canada. The land before, and it speaks loudly in donor heartily acquiesced in the sugfavor of our work." Comparing 1889 gestion that the latter memorial church with 1892 he finds that the baptisms should be erected, and as she has no dehave increased from 470 to 702, the con- sire for pUblicity her name will not apfirmations from 235 to 281, and the com- pear. " municants from 645 to 896, -Seven Presbyterian churches-Can- -General Dodds, who led the French ada, Free Church, churches of Victoria, forces in Dahomey, is of Irish parent- New South Wales, South Australia, New age, but a native of the French province Zealand, and Tasmania-cumbine to of Senegal, where he has passed the send 18 missionaries to the New Hebgreater part of his life. His first ser- rides. All these are united in a synod vice was in the marine infantry, until in which meets to receive reports, discuss 1890, when he was put in command of matters of business, vow/grants, etc. A all the forces at St. Louis, and organ- meeting w~ not long since held on ized the Dahomey expedition of last Aneityum, at which 41 were present, year, He has great knowledge of the wives and children included.

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1891

OUR DEBT, OUR DUTY, AND OUR DESTINY

MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.

VOL. XIV. No. 11.-0ldSeries.–NOVEMBER.–VoL. IV. No.l1.-NewSeries.

OUR DEBT, OUR DUTY, AND OUR DESTINY.

[EDITORIAL, A. T. P.] The obligation to prosecute home missions finds illustration in three important texts of Scripture, at which we shall glance, in their application to this great theme.

I. "If any provide not for his own, and specially for those of his own house, he hath denied the faith. and is V,'orse than an infidel" (1 Tim. 5 : 8).

II. "Thy gates shall be open continually; they shall not be shut day nor night; that men llIay bring unto thee the forces of the Gentiles" (Isa. 60: 11).

Ill. "I have set thee to be a light of the Gentiles, that thou shouldest be for salvation unto the ends of the earth" (Acts 13 : 47).

We do not claim that these passages refer to the subject to which we apply them; but they serve as biblical expressions of our threefold relation to home missions, or the evangelization of our land.

1. A DEBT owed to a national family and household. 2. A DuTY owed to a nation's guests-the strangers that are within our gates, destined to become children of the nation. 3. A DESTINY connected with our providential history and mission to the world as a missionary nation. 1. THE DEBT. The nation is a larger family, and of this larger family the household is the type. In an emphatic sense we have all one Father. We have as' a nation a common origin. The nation had its birth-hour and birth-throes. The history of its nativity is written in blood and tears, and we are proud of it. We are bound by peculiar ties that make the whole family one. The very configuration, conformation, and physical features of the republic's domain proclaim our unity. The great mountain ranges and river systems run north aud south like backbone and breastbone and nervous and circulatory systems, and forbid division such as was attempted in the Civil War of a quarter century ago. Our history is one, and our interests are common. Here is one great household, in one great home, with a common tongue, common wants, and a common supply. We are under one beneficent system of household laws, where due regard is had to the liberty and rights and development of each. A paternal government of mingled freedom and restraint is over the household.

However widely scattered, we shall find, literally, that we are all one family. The members of our households are spread over the wide territory, our sons and daughters may be found from Maine to Texas, and from Atlantic to Pacific shores. In the savannas of the South, by the great lakes, on the ranches of the remote 'West, on the plains beyond the Rocky Mountains, on the prairies where grows the corn, on the hills where they dig out gold and silver, our children and members of our households are even now living. We owe it to our own to provide for them all the means of grace and the institutions of our holy religion. To leave them where they are destitute of such blessings, and for the time unable properly to provide for themselves, is worse than to leave a son or daughter, brother or sister, to literal starvation, by as much as body is of leEs value than soul. Never shall we make adequate provision for our own land until we regard the nation as one household, each member of which has the right and claim upon us to provide proper religious advantages. Those who go beyond the Mississippi and leave the Sunday-school and church behind them, and find none where they go, are in danger of finding that they have practically 1eft GOD too on the other side of the river or the mountains. 1'1) set up Christian schools, churches, prayer-meetings, sacramental tables, Bibles, and family altars is virtually to set God in the midst of them again.

The force of this argument grows upon us as we study the conditions of our common country. Our magnificent railway system, with the vast network of telegraph and postal communication, brings the remotest parts of our vast land into practical neighborhood. This facile communication and rapid transportation encourages the wide dispersion of households wherever personal ambition or business prospects attract; and in consequence twenty years, and often a single year, will so scatter one original household that its members may be found represented in every quarter of the republic. The man or woman who helps to plant a Sunday-school, church, or religious centre of any sort in a remote Western State or territory may be making unconscious provision for a son or a daughter, who in a few years may be a resident in that quarter, dependent for spiritual life and growth on the very institutions which the generosity of the parent helped to found. A pastor and one of his church-members in Philadelphia helped to establish a school in Arizona, where two years later both of them had daughters.

II. Secondly, we owe a great DUTY to the great influx of foreigners on our shores.

The facts about Immigration are not generally known; certainly they make on very few a deep and lasting impression. From 1783 to 1847 there came to these shores 1,063,567 immigrants. From 1847 to 1873, 4,933,562. From 1873 to 1890, 4,910,864. In the single year 1881, 441,064 ; in 1882, 455,450 j and in one day-May 11th, 1887-10,000. These figures are very instructive, and ought to be very impressive. The first period given above covered sixty-four years, and the rate was about 17,000 a year ;. the next period covered twenty-six years, and the rate had increased over eleven-fold; the next period covered seventeen years, and the rate had increased over seventeen-fold upon the first period, and over even the second above fifty per cent j while in one d(i"y of 1887 there were nearly two thirds as many as each year averaged from 17Sa to 1S47 I The sixtieth chapter of Isaiah, though it has an undoubted dispensational meaning, and is primarily applicable to the chosen nation of the Hebrews, could scarcely have been more appropriate to our own country if it had been written for our encouragement and admonition. It is the great home missionary chapter. It challenges us to use the light we have from God to irradiate the darkness around us, and reflect and transmit the rays which selfishness would absorb. How true it is of this land that the nations are coming to our shores as doves in flocks to their windows j the sons of strangers build our walls and palaces. The question is, Shall all these heterogeneous elements be assimilated into homogeneity j shall we get national unity out of this diversity j shall the fir-tree, pine-tree, and boxtree tog~ther be wrought into the woodwork of the sanctuary 1 These foreignen come with" strange gods," with notions, prejudices, habits, customs, foreign to our own and at war with them. They are prolific, and increase with very great rapidity. 'What sort of an influence are they to exert over coming days! Mr. Ellis, in his remarkable book on "The Criminal," has again brought to our notice the amazing ruin to society wrought by one vicious progenitor. The" Jukes family," so called, proved a brood of vipers. The ancestor, born between 1 720 and 1740, llad a numerous progeny more or less illegitimate. Two sons married bastard sisters. Descendants, traced through five generations, number at least 709, and really aggregate 1200 j and, on the whole, form a body of criminals, prostitutes, paupers and vagabonds. Not twenty skilled workmen belonged to the whole number, and half of these learned whatever trade they knew within prison walls j ISO received out-of-door relief; 76 were open criminals, committing 115 offences j and over 52 per cent of the women were abandoned to a life of shame. What a future is before a country where foreigners, ignorant, superstitious, degraded, often the criminal refuse of other lands, are permitted to find a home and multiply without any really educating, uplifting and redeeming influences!

The only hope for America is found in the assimilation of these foreign elements. They must be brought into unity as parts of one body politic. And history shows that but one assimilating power is equal to such a tasknamely, a common religious faith. We must Christianize pagans, or they will paganize Christians. We must elevate this foreign population, or they will degrade us.

Colonies of Portuguese, driven out from Madeira in 1S49, took refuge in Springfield and Jacksonville, TIl., and there, about thirty miles apart, two essentially Portuguese colonies have existed now for over forty years. The streets have been wholly given up to them in their quarter, and they have at least four churches of their own. If we go to the Sandwich Islands, amid a total population of SO,OOO we shall find several thousand Japanese and 20,000 Chinese. :rhroughout all the lands of this hemisphere, and especially in the United States, all foreign peoples are found j and the question is how they are to be made a part of our American civilization and republicanism.

III. Thirdly, we owe it to our DESTINY to redeem this land for our Lord. The United States has from the beginning been divinely stamped as a COlD- mh!sioned missionary nation. Here not only the great problem is to be wrought out, of liberty civil and religious, of individualism independent of all abnormal restraints, even of aristocratic caste; but most important of all, here is to be the great supply of workers for the world· wide field. Heathen Asia cannot furnish them, because heathenism is the field needing mission work. Papal Europe cannot supply them, for Romanism itself needs reformation and purification of her corruptions. Where shall the great training school of missionaries be found if not in this land ~ Great Britain is doing nobly her share in a world's evangelization; but whare, if not here, shall her great ally be found ~ The work of home and of foreign missions runs together. W"hen Dr. John Hall was visiting in Scandinavia, he learned at a missionary meeting then in progress in Sweden that in Wisconsin and Minnesota alone were 140 Scandinavian ministers laboring among their own countrymen, sent out by the mother churches of Sweden and supported by their contributions until such time as the Scandinavians resident in this land could take care of their own pastors. The same distinguished Presbyterian clergyman, coming out of the Yosemite Valley, tarried over night in a village where there might have been perhaps 1200 people, and where there was no church of any denomination! So oppressed was he by the sight of such destitution that he went from house to house, inviting the people to meet for worship, and himself addressed them. These two facts, or classes of facts, illustrate the kinship of all missionary work at home and abroad. Dr. Pentecost goes to India to evangelize English residents ih that stronghold of Brahmanism. The heathen come to our shores. We have here from 8,000,000 to 10,000,000 who came from African ancestry. The Chinese and Japanese are here by the thousands to learn our political system and our faith. If we do our duty we may on this very soil grow the seed of the kingdom to be planted the wide world over. Neglect of our own land makes all our future and the future of the world so far hopeless. To evangelize our country, to leave no part to desolation and degradation, to aband'on no class of the population to vice, crime, ignorance, infidelity, and irreligion j to build churches, gather Sunday-schools and Christian congregations everywhere, scatter Bibles, tracts and good books, to multiply all means of grace and bring them into contact with the entire population of the land-that is to root up evil growths and displace them by trees and plants of godliness, whose seed is in themselves after their kind. "We shall thus ge bread for the eater and seed for the sower. When the Lord by these means builds up our waste places and makes our deserts His gardens, we shall draw the eyes of the world to us, and we shall be prepared to send — into all the earth the sowers of the seed of the kingdom, and turn every other waste into an Eden.

RRJ,ATION OF MONEY TO PROGRESS OF CHRIST'S KINGDOM

THE RELATION OF MONEY TO THE PIWGRESS OF CHRIST'S KINGDOM.

BY REV. W. D. SEXTON, HILLSDALE, MICH.

In one of his sermons Horace Bushnell says: "The great problem we have now on hand is the Christianizing of the money power of the world. What we wait for and are looking hopefully to see is the consecration of the vast money power of the world to the work and cause and kingdom of Jesus Christ. For that day when it comes is the morning, so to speak, of the new creation. That tide-wave in the money power can as little be resisted, when God brings it on, as the tides of the sea; and like these also it will flow across the world in a day."

The day for which Bushnell longed has not yet come. We shall not see it until the power of money in the development of Christ's kingdom is more clearly understood. So far are we from the realization of this vision that Qven the money in the hands of Christ's own followers is not yet flllly consecrated to His service. The need of such a consecration is enforced by vastly more imperative claims to-day than ever before. How to bring about this consummation is one of the greatest questions which now confronts the Church of Christ.

The expression, " The progress of Christ's kingdom," which forms a part ofthe heading of this article, assumes that progress is the law of that kingdom. It assumes that great conquests are yet to be made in the name of the King. This assumption is both scriptural and in harmony with the clear indications of Providence. This progress of the kingdom is conditioned upon two things-Divine power and human agency. According to the Divine plan these are the two factors which combined are to work out the triumph of the Redeemer's kingdom. Both are embodied in the authoritative commission, "Go ye and teach; ]0, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world. " We must not lose sight of either of these factors. It is ours to be the heralds of a world-wide evangelism; it is Christ's to furnish the power which alone can give success to our efforts. Christ gives to every believer the privilcge and the honor of being aSRoci. ated with Him in carrying out His far-reaching plans. "We must work the works of Him that sent me," said Ohrist in loving fellowship to His disciples.

Upon the side of human agency, what hinders the speedy fulfilment of command and prophecy! It is not distance and difficulty of access to the heathen world. Modern invention has brought the nations near to each other. With marvellous rapidity and in ways least expected God has removed the barriers which separated the Christian from the pagan world. Although there are many adversaries, yet with scarcely an exception great and effectual doors are everywhere open to the ambassador of Christ. Moreover, men and women are now coming forward in constantly increasing numbers, saying, " Here are we ; send us." The recent uprising of young men and women in our schools and colleges is putting an added weight of responsibility upon the whole Church. It should be remembered, further, that the agencies are now organized more fully and efficiently than ever before for carrying the Gospel to every creature. The experimental stage of missionary enterprise is past. While present methods are not to be considered as complete nor final, yet measurably permanent methods have been reached. What do all these things mean 1 He must be blind to the logic of events who does not see in them the manifest tokens that the hour is at hand when the Son of Man should be glorified. They are the heralds of God, proclaiming in unmistakable accents that new and rapid developments of God's kingdom are at hand.

At the present outlook one thing alone hinders an immediate, forward movement along the whole line. This one thing prevents the more rapid evangelization of our own country. In some measure it hinders the work and cause of Christ in almost every church. This one thing is the lack of money, absolutely needed to carry forward the work. Money is the factor most imperatively needed and most sadly lacking. Money is the greatest human power in modern civilization. This power has been applied in a very limited way to the extension of Christ's kingdom. It has been used mainly for purely secular purposes. It has come to pass that on this subject the god of this world has blinded the eyes even of the believing. We are brought face to face with a strange phenomenon: the whole world ready and waiting for deliverance through the Gospel of God's grace; the Boards of the Church organized and equipped for the work of meeting this need; men ready and offering themselves to be the messengers of this grace, but the treasuries empty, the officers compelled to call a halt, and the whole line of Christ's army forced to rest upon their arms. Napoleon used to say that soldiers fight upon their stomachs-a sententious way of saying that if you want a victorious army you must furnish supplies. As never before, the advance guard of Christ's host is ready for aggressive movement, but the commanders dare not move forward because the needed supplies are wanting. In sight of the fulfilment of great and precious promises, our Joahuas and Calebs are urging the Church to take the world for Christ; but the majority of God's people do not appreciate the greatness of the opportunity. While the opportunities are multiplying every day the resources for this work have come to a standstill. Something is wrong. God has not thrust this work and these opportunities upon ;His people to mock them. It is not inability which prevents the ample support of Christ's work. The income ofprofessing Christians is abundant to pour a continual stream into the mission treasuries, so large that everyone willing to be God's ambassador could be well supported. What we need is not more money in the hands of professing Christians, but, as Bushnell said, the " Christianizing of the money power," which they already possess. The question is not how can Christian people make more money, but how can they be Jed to understand and adopt the spirit and principles of their Master in the use made of what they now nave 1 The question, second to none which presses for solution is, How can the benevolence of God's people be brought up and made to keep pace with the opportunities of His provi- dence 1 We sometimes fear that this problem will not be solved by the present generation, which is so completely absorbed in material aim!!.

It is with a sincere desire to contribute something toward its solution that we present a few suggestions : The first thing-first in time and in importanc&o-which we need to do is to bring this matter before God in believing and importunate prayer. The whole movement of modern missions has been in answer to prayer. At first God's people prayed that the world might be opened for the mission- ary and the Gospel. So quickly and fully has God answered that prayer that His people are amazed at the answer to their own petitions. Then the prayer began to be urged for men and women to go as Christ's me!lsengers. That prayer too has been answered. Cannot God also touch the hearts of men so that they will re~pond to the calls for money 1 Assuredly He has not exhausted His power in this work. It ill possible that He has brought us to this emergency to teach us that even the gold and silver is to be forthcoming, not by the power of our own persuasion, but by the power of His might. We used very frequently to hear ministers pray.in their pulpit ministrations that God would give access to the pagan nations. We do not need to offer that prayer now; but do we hear as often the prayer that God would touch the hearts of Christian people and make them re!lponsive in gifts of money 1 We do need to offer that prayer. From every pulpit, from every family altar, from every closet, let this prayer go up, and then we may expect an equally ready answer.

But while we pray we must work. God has put a great responsibility in this matter upon ministers and teachers. The Church must be brought to a clearer understanding of the intended purpose of Christ's kingdom and of the Divine plan for executing thi!l purpose. Many Christiau people have very limited ideas of the real nature and purpose of this kingdom. It is really amazing how many there are who secretly do not believe in missions. They are not in sympathy with this idea of world-wide evangelism. This lack of sympathy is a result of gross ignorance. They do not understand the aim and spirit of Christ. The absolute need is a revival of personal loyalty to Christ, which will beget the spirit of enthusiasm for the progrells of His kingdom. The spirit and command of Christ must be presented as the fundamental motive for aggressive evangelism. It is a mistake to substitute the enthusiasm of humanity for the enthusiasm of Christ. The great need of the world ill an argument, but the greatest of all arguments is the constraining love of Chri~t. It is the businells of the Church to evangelize the world, and every Christian should be led to feel that he has a part in this business. Little permanent progress will be made in utilizing the money power of the Church until the aggressive nature of Christ's kingdom is more clearly understood and the spirit of His ministry is morl! widely

AN EXAMPJ.E OF SELF-SACRIFICE

diffused. It is the duty of ministers and teachers to iterate and reiterate these truths and to inspire the people with a high ideal of Christ's purpose and spirit. We fear that even the ministry has not yet risen to the high tide of interest in missions which the cause of Christ demands. The interest of the people will not rise higher than that of the ministry. Too man ministers are afraid to push the imperative claims of modern missions.

There is great. need also that the scriptural doctrine of the use of money should be set forth clearly. In brief this is the principle of stewardship. Growing out of this is the principle of systematic and proportionate giving. If these principles were applied fully and fearlessly the solution of the -great problem of evangelization would be at hand. People seem to consider their money as their own, to be used as they please. Such is not the teaching of the Word. Divine ownership and human stewardship is the sum and substance of that teaching. Each one is responsible, not merely for that part of his income which he use2 for benevolent uses, but for all that God has given him. He is bound to use all as one who must give an account.

Finally, the Church needs to be informed of, and impressed with, the greatness of the opportunity and emergency which now confront us. The opportunity is inspiring; the emergency thrills with its possibilities. We staO(~ upon the verge of unparalleled victories for the kingdom of God if the Church will only consecrate her gain to the Lord of the whole earth. That time is foretold in prophetic vision. If this generation does not realize its fulfilment and its corresponding blessing, some other will ; for the counsels and purpose of God shall stand. It is not a question of the ultimate success of the kingdom. That is assured. The question is whether this generation shall rise to the greatness of the opportunity and reap the blessing in store for those who fulfil the commands of the grea.t Head of the Church. Our opportunity and our responsibility are commensurate. Our reward or our condemnation is awaiting us.

AN EXAMPLE OF SELF-SACRIFICE.

The Missionary Herald tells of a Scotch woman whose practice it was to give a penny a day for missions, to whom a visitor gave a sixpence to procure some meat, on learning that she had not lately enjoyed that luxury. She thought for herself: /C I have long done very well on porridge; so I'll give the sixpence to God." This fact came to the knowledge of a missionary secretary, who narrated it at a missionary breakfast. The host and his guests were profoundly impressed by it, the host himself saying that he had never denied himself a chop for the cause of God. He therefore instantly subscribed $2500, and others of the party followed his example, till the sl1m of $11,000 was raised before they separated. This is a good illustration of the power of example. There is nothing so fruitful as self-sacrifice.

1891.1 LANGUAGES OF NYASA-LAND IN RELATION TO GOD'S WORD

THE LANGUAGES OF NYASA-LAND (BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA) IN RELATION TO THE SPREAD OF TIlE WORD OF GOD.

BY W. A. ELMSLIE, M.B., C.M., LIVINGSTONIA MISSION.

While Africa is geographically being opened up to our knowledge, the light thus kindled is revealing to us vast fields of knowledge yet unexplored. The various departments of science are at work, and all under God are bringing that great continent nearer our doors.

Among the various problems relating to Africa which now engage the mind of the country, the subject of the languages of Africa mnst be, to Bible and missionary societie~, and to all disciples of Christ interested in the spread of the Gospel, one of deep interest. As tribe after tribe is brought to light, each with a language of its own, our interest in these lan- guages must deepen when we consider that we owe them the Word of Life in their own tongue.

While we appreciate the results of travel and research in the many phases of the African problem, and feel grateful to God for those who, consciously or unconsciously, worked out His will in laying open to us the " Dark Continent, " it is to those faithful missionaries who have made their homes among the people that we must look for light on the great problem of how to give Africa the Word of Life in her own manifold speech.

The missionary feels, more t.han anyone not in actual contact with heathenism can do, that the Bible is the first and the best of all missionary agencies. Amid the varied occupations of a missionary's life in the field, his first and highest work is to make their language his own, so that he may give them the Gospel. It is a department of investigation in which no one can hurry. Patience and plodding are necessary, and so little by little is added to the knowledge acquired. In the linguistic field the missionary has the highest motive for careful and complete imestigation. He may benefit science by his labors, but he does not work for that, but for higller ends. He strives after that which shall be a correct vehicle through which to communicate Divine Truth to the benighted multitudes.

In many cases the general reader at home does not interest himself in this part of missionary work. lIe reads such a statement as this, and concludes that he need not trouble himself about it. "No one knows exactly who these people are. They belong, of course, to the great Bantu race; but their origin is obscure, their tribal boundaries are unmapped, even their names are unknown, and their languages-for there are manyare unintelligible" (Drummond's "Tropical Africa"). The confidence of ignorance is responsible for such a statement as that, which relates to the district to which the following remarks refer.

In 1883 Cust published his" Modern Languages of Africa," a marvellous work in two volumes, in which every language then known or heard of is referred to, and its locality indicated. The number of these is 438 Ian. guages and 153 dialects. Doubtless this is a difficulty, but by no means an insurmountable one. Each year diminishes the difficulty. With able men at work on all sides and pushing toward a central point, the field seems to contract and the number to lessen, as increased knowledge reveals what these languages are and to what others they are related.

All the languages of Africa fall into certain families or groups, each group having certain" marks common to each individual in the group.

In the present paper one of these groups calls for remark-viz., the Bantu group. Roughly, with a few exceptions, the languages spoken over the Bonthern half of Africa belong to this family. In all these the word " Bantu," or some form of it, signifies" people j" and so the word is taken to give name to that family of languages. We are not concerned with all the 168 languages and 55 dialects in this group. Confining our attention to the languages of Nyasa-Iand, we find they occupy a place in the eastern branch and in the southern sub-branch. It is not difficult in this way to go over the whole of Africa, since all that is known of these languages has been thus worked into a clear and scientific plan by Cust, who would not, like Drummond, speak of " unintelligible" languages.

In the locality of these languages the two Scottish missions-Blantyre and Livingstonia-and the Universities' Mission, are working. In 1875, when the Livingstonia Mission began work on Lake Nyasa, there were only a few words of the language known. It was not known what the Lake languages were. At present we know that in the territory of the Livingstonia Mission there are six in Ille j in Blantyre territory there are two ; and in connection with the Universities' Mission there are two. One language is common to all the missions j and we have therefore seven separate languages to deal with in Nyasa-land. In these there are now about thirty separate publications, ranging from an edition of the New Testament down to a school primer. For such a record of progress we owe hearty"thanks to God for help and success.

While the linguistic work of each mission is rightly reported by its own society, the work is a common work, in which all at home and abroad should bear a part. Let us now proceed to specify what we know of the languages of Nyasa-land. Of some we know more than of others, and we may, therefore, notice 1. LANGUAGES OF WHICH OUR KNOWLEDGE IS DEFINITE.

(1) Nyanja.-This is the most important language in Nyasa-land. It is spoken in all the district of Livingstonia, the Nkonde district at the head of Lake Nyasa excepted. It is at present, and will doubtless eontinue to be, the trade language of the Nyasa region. It not only covers a greater area, but reaches a larger popUlation than any other lake langnage. By means of it we have talked our way from Dandawc on Lake Nyasa to Quilimane on the coast.

All the tribes on the western shore of Nyasa from Dandawe southward use it. From the south end of Nyasa, along the right bank of the Shire to its junction with the Zambeze, it is spoken j and by those tribes on the hills to the west of the lake, from Mombera's, opposite Bandawe, to the country called Maravi on old maps on the south, where it runs into Nyungwe, the language of Sena and Tete on the Zambeze. With the exception of Mom- bera's Ngoni, all the Ngoni tribes on the high lands speak Nyanja. On the east side of Lake Nyasa it is in use on and near Likoma Island, where the Universities' Mission works. On the Shire Highlands around Blantyre and Mandala it is in use, and the Makololo and other tribes on the left bank of the Shire speak it also.

Its importance is further indicated when we mention that in this language the whole New Testament has been published by the Nationa: Bible Society of Scotland, and is to-day being sold not only by the missionaries on Lake Nyasa in connection with their work, but in the store of the African Lakes' Company at Mandala, and the language is used by that company's officials at the north end of Lake Nyasa, as well as by the boys left in charge of stations on the Stevenson Road.

Besides the ~ew Testament, there are editions of the Gospels, school books, and other works published in this language.

(2) Yao.-What Nyanja is on the west and south of the lake, Yao is on the east-an important language, destined to live and be the medium for communicating Divine truth to a numerous people. "The region over which is is spoken extends from near the coast on the east to the eastern shore of Lake Nyasa on the west, and from the latitude of the Rovuma sources on the north to tha Lujenda Ri~er on the south. Lately, however, a large district in the centre of this region has been devastated by the ravages of the Magwangwara, a powerful raiding tribe whose home lies to the north of the Rovuma River. Isolated villages and districts where the language is spoken are to be found on the western shore of Lake Nyasa and in the country lying interior to it. About 1860 one branch of the tribe forced its way into the Shire Hills, where now the mission stations of the Church of Scotland are situated, while another smaller offshoot established itself east of Mount Mlanji, on the trade route to the coast at Quilimane" (Hctherwick'8 "Yao Handbook").

It is therefore the language of the Blantyre Mission on the Shire Highlands and around Mount Zomba, and of the Universities' Mission on the southeastern shore of Lake Nyasa, and the left bank of the Upper Shire. Into it the Gospels and Acts have been translated and published.

(3) Ngoni.-This language is spoken by the people of the same name under Mombera on the plateau northwest from Bandawe. The area of it, use is not very great, as we know it to be a form of Zulu imported by the Ngoni who came north from Natal in the beginning of this century. The tribe is very powerful, and dominates the plateau for many miles around; but it has not impressed its language on those tribes who are enslaved by it, and its extinction.is only a question of time. Tshiwere and Mpiseni, who, with their people, live on the plateau farther south, broke away from Mom- bera. The people under the for~er now speak Nyanja; and nothing is definitely known regarding the present language of the latter. The so- called Ngoni in Tshikuse's country southwest of Lake Nyasa (Maravi on the older maps) also speak Nyanja. .

Meantime, as the rulers in Mombera's country speak the localized form of Zulu, a gospel and school-books have been issued in it for use in the mission.

The aforementioned three languages are the most important in the group regarding which we have definite 'know]edge, as the people speaking these cannot be evangelizpd meantime through any other.

(4) Tonga.-This language is spoken by those belonging to the tribe of the same name who are enslaved by the Ngoni, and by the remaining Tonga living in the vicinity of Bandawe. They are called Kamunga by the peo- ple on the east side of the lake opposite. The language is related to Nyanja, and more closely to Tumbuka. At Bandawe, Nyanja being the school language, and there being 4000 children in connection with the schools, it is quickly displacing Tonga without detrimellt to the people. The Gospel of Mark and a school primer have been issued in Tonga. '

2. LANGUAGES REGARDING WHICH OUR KNOWLEDGE IS INCOMPLETE.

(1) Tumbuka.-The existence of this language is definitely known, and an introductory grammar has been prepared. It has been placed in this group because the area over which it is spoken is not so well known. It is allied to Tonga, but may not be so easily displaced as that language. The numerous Tumbuka tribe, living under the Ngoni, have not only retained the use of their own tongue, but have impressed it on their masters. There are various forms of Tumbuka known to exist, but future investigation must show the position and relations of Tumbuka.

(2) Nkonde.-The district around the head of Lake Nyasa has been.

called the Nkonde district, and the name is applied tentatively to the language or languages there spoken. There are various tribes there speaking the same language with dialectical differences, and though there are some manuscript translations in one or two of these, we do not yet know what generic name should be applied.

(3) lVanda.-This is a language which is 5aid to llave a very limited area. It is spoken in the district of the chief Wanda on the Stevenson Road. Some Scripture portions have been i!lsned in it for use in the mission to those people. It bears ~ome resemblance to Tumbuka and also to Kongo, but further investigation is required.

3. LANGUAGES REGARDING WHICH WE HAVE ONLY HEARSAY AND CONFUSED INFORMATION.

West and north of Ngoniland there are tribes with whom little or no intercourse has been had, and whose language we are only familiar with through small collections of words or from hearsay. On the west the Bisu and Tsenga j on the northwest the Zingwa, Poka, and Henga have lan- guages which may be closely allied to Tumbuka or some more northerly tongue.

In the Stevenson Road country many names of people are given. The name is at times that of the chief, and at other times that of the country, but it has not been stated what language they speak. Accurate information regarding these is needed, and may be looked for from the Livingstonia Mission.

Having now classified our knowledge of the languages met with in the lake district, except that now in German territory on thc east side of the lake, we are able to coneider the work of gi"ing to the people the Word of God.

For large and populous districts on the east, west, and south of Nyasa we have Yao and Nyanja, in which already large portions of the Scriptures are issued. Two of the others named-Tonga and Ngoni-will be replaced by others in course of time, so that Tumbuka and Nkonde (the latter ab- Rorbing Wanda)· will complete the linguistic problem for the missions.

Thus the difficulties at first apparent are disappearing as our knowledge increases.

The workers in the field, by whose labors we are able to compile this paper, are Scott and lletherwick, of the Blantyre Mission j Maples, of the Universities' Mission j and Laws, Bain, Cross, and the writer, of the Living- stonia Mission.

As the work is being carried on at many points, it is necessary that all should be guided by certain principles, in order that the work may be syste~atized and presented on the same plan.

1. In writing or speaking in English of a language or tribe, the variable prefix of the word should be omitted, and the unvarying root form taken to indicate the language and people. .

Ordinary English readers do not always know that A-nyanja means the people, and Tshi-nyanja their language. It is a gain if confusion is pre- vented. If discarding the prefix both for the tribe and its language is con- sidered unscientific, I would remind African scholars that the profix does not' necessarily mean the language, as " tshi" may be applied to other things. Indeed, it is questionable whether the rude natiYe, unaffected by the white man, uses the prefix in that way at all. In Zulu the personal prefix is " ama" (Ama·Zulu), and there is said to be a language prefix "isi" (lsi-Zulu, the Zulu language) j but the native uses it in that way only because his teachers do so. The Ngoni do not speak of their language as "Tshi-Ngoni" except when following the white mau's error. Nyanja is named" Chimang'anja" on the Shire Highlands j but that is a Yao word, indicating people of the Nyanja sort, and inappropriate as a name for the Nyanja language. There is no difficulty in understanding what is meant wben we say, " English is spoken by the English j" and II Nyanja is spoken by the Nyanja" would be simpler than" Tshi·nyanja is spoken by the A-nyanja."

2. Tribal names adopted should be those by which tribes call themselves. Books of travel and maps of Africa are full of names which require to be revised. The Ngoni are variously named Mangone, Angoni, Bangoni, Wangoni, Maviti, and Mazitu, according to the district one may be in. Though it is right that we should call them Mazitu when we speak Tumbuka, or Wangoni if we are speaking Yao, there is no reason why all these forms should have to be acquired by ordinary English readers, if they happen to be attached to the work in the various mission districts, before they can intelligently follow the news from the field.

3. In order to hasten the spread of the Word we must economize in labor and means by avoiding needless versions of the Scriptures.

The three missions have presses from which are issuing portions of Scripture in the same language as that in which the whole New Testament is already published. The dialects of one language are thus being perpetuated where we think it ought not to be the case. As is pointed out by Cust, the vocabulary of an African language is continually changing j and the ease with which tribes can change their language makes it quite possible for all the Nyanja speaking tribes to uee the New Testament now in circulation. We have before us a few sheets of a " Harmony of the Four Uospels in Chimang'anja," which is being put forth at the Blantyre Mission press. The use of "ch" for" tsh," and some unimportant vowel differences are all that mark it as a separate language from Nyanja. In it the translator follows the Greek spelling of names, so that instead of one Rimple form for such names as Christ, Bethlehem, David, Jerusalem, we have three or more for each-a method which is more fanciful than useful.

4. Where two languages are spoken in a district, that one which has the widest range should be adopted. This seems self-evident. At first it was not possible iu some cases to act thus j but as we now know more of each language we are in a better position to carry it out. At Bandawe, where Nyanja and Tonga are both spoken, the former is made the school langnage, and, as we noticed, is taking the place of Tonga. There is no reason why the Livingstonia Mission should have to set apart a man to study Yao in order that the missiou may reach one or two isolated villages of Yao people who happen to be found in the centre of a Nyanja speaking district, while they can be reached by means of Nyanja. Even at Blantyre, where Nyanja is used, the people speak Yao.

Ol1r imperfect knowledge leads us often to attach a greater importance to a language than it warrants. We have not a native's power of speech, and where we see difficulty in introducing a slightly different form of speech, he has none in using it. Weare not warranted in seeking to prolong the life of small and unimportant differences where we hBVe such noble tongues as Yao and Nyanja with which to spread the Gospel of Grace.

Ve disclaim originality in these recommendations to our fellow-workers.

A MISSIONARY PRAYER

They are the wise results of earnest thought of one who loves Africans and has done much for them-Hobert Needham Cust-a quotat,ion from whose book, referred to, forms a fitting close to this paper: "When all are assembled before the great white throne, pleading with one voice in mutually unintelligible words the merits of the Saviour, One alone will understand all. There will be only one language then, the language of the angels. The imperfect coinage of wl.rds and marshalling of sentences will no longer be required. Language will have had its day. 'Lo, a great multitude which no man could number, of all nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues, and they cried with a loud voice.' "

A MISSIONARY PRAYER.

BY REV. J. F. B. TINLING, B.A., LONDON, ENG.

Lord, whose glory is the song Of the sinlel:s worlds above, Heart and kingdom suffering wrong From the souls that do not love, Come and make Thy works rejoice, Marrying law with liberty j Righting each discordant voice In creation's harmony j Answering her sin-wrung groan, Lord of glory, claim Thine own !

Spring of every righteous power, Source of all authority, In Thy name, as in a tower, Hides our frail humanity.

Six millenniums have failed Christless order to maintain j Over all has sin prevailed, Man has toiled for peace in vain.

From Thy cloud-surrounded tllrone, King of nations, claim Thine own !

All the stores of earth are Thine, Thine the fulness of the sea, Thine alike in mart and mine, Lent, but owned eternally.

Thine the silver and the gold Lavished upon glittering toys, Thine the wealth the saints withhold From Thy cause, for carnal joys.

From Thy stewards, careless grown, Earth's Possessor, claim Thine own!

Saviour, from the dread abyss 'Who hast brought us nigh to God, Giver of eternal bliss, Through the merits of Thy blood.

All for all is love's confession, Less the Cross forbids to give, Of Thy Church take full possession, As Thy witness let her live.

Thou art worthy. Thou alone, ,~ Our Redeemer, claim Thine own I

REV. L. H. GULICK, M.D

REV. L. H. GULICK, M.D.

BY REV. S. P. LEEDS, D.D.

On November 3d, 1827, the Rev. Peter J. Gulick sailed from Bos- ton with his wife as a missionary to the Sandwich Islands. The ship took the second reinforcement to the mission, the first having gone five years earlier, and three years after the original establishment. MI'. Gulick was a native of New Jersey, born in 1797, and was one of a family of seven sons and a daughter. He was graduated at Princeton in 1825, and spent two years in the theological seminary there. Before leaving this latter he had decided to become a missionary, influenccd, as he afterward wrote, by " missionary intelligence portraying the wretchedness of the heathen." The same year he was ordained to the ministry, his kind friend, Rev. Dr. Luther Halsey, at that time a professor in the college at PIinceton, preaching the sermon and giving the charlre. The ncxt month he was on his way to Hawaii. Mrs. Gulick was from Lebanon, Conn. Mr. Finney, in his autobiography, speaks of hcr conversion under his ministry at Utica, N. Y. She had taught school before marriage.

Arriving at Honolulu the following spring, they labored at several points and in various islands for forty-six years. They" saw the Hawaiians in their nakedness and degradation, and they lived and wrought until they saw them a Christian nation." In 1874, when both had passed their seventy-fifth year, they removed to Japan, to be with a son and daughter, and lived to celebrate their" golden wedding" there. A little afterward the aged husband died, and it was not long before his wife rejoined him. What a career!

To them were born in the Sandwich Islands eight children, seven of whom reached maturity and survived them-six sons and a daughter. All of these have been engaged in missionary work, and five of them are so engaged at this time-three brothers and their SIster in Japan, and one brother in Spain. Of these the eldest was Luther Halsey Gulick, recontly deceased. He was born at Honolulll in June, 1828. At the age of twelve he was sent to this country for all education, " working his pas~age as cabin-boy around Cape Horn." His father's friend, Dr. Halsey, was his instructor at Auburn and in New York, in both of which places Dr. Halsey was connected with theological seminaries. The boy was full of zeal for knowledge, and a great reader-charact.eristics which marked his life in all situations to its end-and his tastes and longings were gratified in his friend's library. But inadequate health, or insufficient health and limited means together, forbade his taking a college course. He studied medicine at the University of the City of New York, increasing his small income hy lighting street lamps, and took his degree in 18.50-not yet twenty-two years old. Six months later he was ordained (in the old Broadway Tabernacle, New York), and in November of 1he following year sailed with his wife, LOUi!!a Lewjs, of Brooklyn, N. Y., for the Sandwich Islands, in company with the Rev. B. G. and Mrs. Snow, "the last sent from Boston around Cape Horn."

A new mission was then being projected for the Micronesian Islands, twenty.five hundred miles away from the Hawaiian, to be under the auspices of the mission in these last. What more natural· than that the son of a missionary, himself a native of Hawaii, should be selected as one of the party ~ Two Hawaiian missionaries and their wives went also, besides Mr. and Mrs. Snow, and the Rev. A. A. and Mrs. Sturges. They" were sent away from Honolulu with great enthusiasm." It was slow voyaging in those days, and what they found on arrival can easily be guessed. Doubtless the pithy description, recently given the writer by a venerable friend, of early neighbors of his, but partially Christianized, was still truer of these" children of nature" : "They were dirty, sensual, and without a thought worth entertaining." But this was not all. "Sea captains in Honoluhl had charged us," writes a survivor, " not to go to Ponape, be· cause wicked white men in large numbers had lived there, and they said they would not give a straw for ollr lives if we went. But it was the island most likely to be healthy, and we had no fear." There is scant room to tell of the seven years spent there, during which, among labors many and manifold, as physician, preacher, teacher, and even carpenter, Gulick-for a time certainly-read his Greek Testament daily, and the Hebrew also, and often studied such works as Edwards" On the Will" and Howe's " Living Temple"-room all too little to tell of trying experiences, among them a visitation of small-pox most wantonly brought there by a sea captain, and of the young doctor's incessant and heroic efforts for the natives. Narrowly escaping death from a wound received in dissecting a victim of the terrible disease, he was exposed also to the murderous plots of white men, whose iniquities he resisted, hut who were soon glad to save their own lives. The Ponapi language was reduced to writing, and the" Morning Star" was built for the Micronesian Mission.

A year in Ebon Island followed the seven in Ponapi; but the doctor was too broken in health to be benefited by the change, or by a year's residence in Hawaii. Accordingly he was recalled to America, where his great gifts in public address were put in requisition by the Board, and he visited many churches and conventions. Very many persons retain even now the memory of his powerful appeals at this and a subsequent period. Only last summer the writer was witness to an illustration of this, when a stranger, on hearing the doctor's name, spoke of an address he had when a boy heard from him nearly thirty years before. Returning to Hawaii in 1863, he was made Secretary of the Board of the Hawaiian Evangelical Association, and remained in Honolulu until 1870. During this time he edited a weekly newspaper, and tm.velled much aIIlong the islands in con· nection with his work. But after eighteen ycars of labor in that part of the world, it was thought best that he should enter a new field, and he retul'neQ to Americl; with this in view. Japan was selected at first, but. the Board finally assigned him to Spain, as the pioneer in a new mission. This established, he was transferred to Italy. But the field was found to be well occupied, and it seemed best to both Dr. Gulich and the Board to concentrate its efforts. He made a protracted and fatiguing tour among the Board's missions ill Asiatic Turkey, and then returned to this country.

It might have seemed as if this were intended to be his home. Several circumstances-his power of popular address among them-pointed in this direction. But heathendom was his. chosen field. The American Bible Society wished for some one of experience to open up their work in China and Japan. To the latter country, then, he went in the winter of 1875-76. Here he soon established a Bible Depository, and supervised the publication of the Japanese version of the Scriptures, providing also for its distribution through the empire. But he travelled extensively in both countries, l'isiting missions, discovering and stimulating wiehes for new or improved versions, and scattering the Scriptures through various agencies. " Bible carriages" and, in the great rivers of China, boats, were employed. In the same interest he visited Siam once or twice, Formosa, Macao, and Manila. For three years, too, he filled the Union pulpit in Yokohama. The work grew till a new and distinct agency was needed in China. He transferred his home to that country, settling in Shanghai. From this point he " travelled the length and breadth of the empire in house-boats, wheelbarrows drawn by donkeys and sometimes helped by a sail, jinrickshas, mule-litters, palanquins. on horseback, in steamboats, and on foot." He edited the Missionary Recorder during his seven years' residence ill China, and started the Medical Missionary Journal. He also occupied the Union pulpit in Shanghai for nearly two years. Of his long service to the American Bible Society its secretary, the Rev. Dr. Gilman, writes: "During the whole, I have admired his promptness, efficiency, wisdom, and his fidelity to his trust. "

But (almost) forty years of a life so active, by one with so busy a brain and so sensitive an organization, wrought their inevitable effect. Intervals of change, not rest, could not avert it. Nearly or quite two years ago he began to break. It was hoped that another climate and other conditions would restore him to his wonted strength and energy, and he set forth accompanied by his devoted wife, who had gone out from native land to savage Ponape with him in his youth, and had been his companion in checkered experiences for two score years. The Bible Society treated him with a large and noble justice. and he came at length to this country. He was able for awhile to supervise the work by correspondence. But hopes and prayers and pains were all in vain. Slowly and intermittently he continued to sink, till on April 8th he quietly fell asleep, not quite sixty-three years old, at Springfield, Mass. It was remarkable that, after so long a residence in other lands and so many experiences by sea and shore, he should die in the home of his fathers, which he loved so well j for he was an earnest patriot as well as philanthropist, and everything which concerned A merica's welfare was of deep interest to him.

Dr. Gulick had a remarkable life. As Rev. Dr. Clark, Secretary of the American Board, has said, "Few men have had such a record in mis- sionary service, beginning at Ponape and Ebon, laying foundations there which have since been the basis of Christian institutions and Christian homes; then doing loyal work as Secretary of the Hawaiian Board; then serving for a time in this country as District Secretary, and oftentimes electrifying audiences by his eloquent and impassioned speeches; then called to organize a mission in Spain ; and last of all, for fifteen years more having charge of the distribution of the Holy Scriptures in Japan and China ; ever faithful to his trust, ever realizing the high expectations of his friends." But Dr. Gulick was also a remarkable man. First, there was in him a singular union of executive and intellectual powers. The vigorous thinker and diligent reader in many directions (his library was very large for one in almost any position, and time was given to books which it is to be feared should have been given to sleep) was most prompt and energetic in action. Some will recall his telegram a few years since to Mr. Doane, in Micronesia, when in the hands of Spanish invaders-the swiftness and decision with which he told him of money deposited to his order, and bade him stand firm. Hill manner, the quick and quiet way in which he turned his head toward this or that speaker, has reminded more than one of a military commander. But with this blending of executive and intel. lectual qualities Dr. Gulick combined rare courage and true devotion. He was the loyal son of an earnest Christian father and mother, parents who commemorated their fiftieth anniversary of married life and missionary service with thanksgivings for what they had been permitted to do and for the moral and religious qualities of their children, and by a liberal gift to the Board's treasury out of their little store. He kept the faith of his youth and the purpose of his bright, early manhood to the end. And now he has gone to join those parents, their eldest son. May their other children long be spared !

It only remains to be said that besides his wife Dr. Gulick left six chilo dren behind him-Mrs. Fanny F., wife of Professor F. P. Jewett, of Oberin; Mrs. Harriet M., wife of Rev. C. A. Clark, missionary to Japan; Rev. S. L. Gulick, also missionary to Japan; Rev. E. L. Gulick, pastor at Groton, Mass. ; L. H. Gulick, M.D., who is connected with the Institute for Christian Workers at Springfield, Mass., and Pierre J. Gulick, a young man now p,ursuing his studies.

Experience is a torch lighted in the ashes of our hopes and delusions. . It is an old saying that charity begins at home; but this is no reason it should not go abroad. A man should live with the world as a citizen of the world; he may have a preff>rence for the particular quarter, or square, or even alley in which he lives, but he should have a generous feeling for the welfare of the whole.-Olarendon.

FOREIGN MISSIONS FROM THE STANDPOINT OF ART

FOREIGN MISSIONS FROM THE STANDPOINT OF ART.

BY WILLIAM BRENTON GREENE, JR., D.D., PHILADELPHIA, PA.

We all delight in the beautiful. When we travel during the summer we go where there is beautiful scenery. When we build a country house we seek a beautiful site. When we see a beautiful piece of furniture or a beautiful picture we wish that we had it for the adornment of our home. A beautiful face attracts our attention and chains our admiration. A beautiful sentiment we never weary of repeating. A beautiful action gives us the keenest pleasure. A beautiful character fills us with holy joy.

Aud this joy is peculiar to itself. The beautiful is not necessarily the useful. and it is distinct from the good. Otherwise we should not be at so much pains to decorate our homes. They would be just as useful if their ceilings were not frescoed j and there are kinds of stone that would be more durable and less troublesome than the marble of which the fronts of many of them are inade. If the beautiful were not a quality different from, though doubtless in its highest forms depcndent on the good, we should not be so anxious to render the good also beautiful. We feel that a good book deserves a beautiful binding. We rejoice when a good man has beautiful surroundings. It is the natural desire of the pious heart to beautify the house of God. The beautiful is, therefore, a distinct quality, and one in which we all delight. Consequently it will be profitable and pleasing to consider that the foreign missionary work, in addition to being useful and good, is pre-eminently beautiful. ,. How beautiful are the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things"!

That we may appreciate this let us try, in the first place, to form some conception of what beauty is, or, at least, of that ou which it depends. I say some conception; for the question is difficult. We do not seem to have any such necessary convictions in regard to beauty as we have in regard to certain fundamental intellectual truths and moral qualities. I must believe that the sun exists as an extended body. It would be apprehended as I see it by any inhabitant of Mars or Jupiter endowed with the capacity to perceive the object. I must believe that falsehood is a sin always and everywhere, in the star Sirius as well as on earth-in the case of men, of angels, of devils. But I am not to the same degree compelled to belie'e that the objects which appear beautiful to me have a beauty independent of my mind. It is, therefore, peculiarly difficult to tell in what beauty consists. We cannot be sure how far things are beautiful or how far we only think them so.

And yet some analysis of beauty is possible. The greatest of German metaphysicians discovers two kinds of beauty. Olle he calls free or absolute j the other, relative or depenaellt. In the case of the former it is not necessary to have an idea of whut the object ought to be or do before we pronounce it beautiful. Flowers, 811..118, arabesques, music, are absol.teIy bellutiful ; that is, they are beautiful in themselves. and without reference to any end that they may serve. If now we ask in what this beauty consists, the general opinion since Plato is that it is in some sort of proportion or harmony. At the basis of music, for example, there are certain fixed ratios. In poetry there are measures and correspondences. Complementary colors, when seen simultaneously, are felt to be beautiful. Regular features are essential to a truly handsome man or woman. Moral beauty is the radiance of the moral law. The mind is made to delight in the unities of God. Its activity is a tendency toward unity. It is satisfied only when such an object is presented as will enable it at once to perceive a law or controlling idea in the object. Hence, those objects the parts of which are thus harmonized we feel to be beautiful, and that without any reference to the purpose to be served.

In the case of relative or dependent beauty such a reference is always implied. Here the proportion required must be, not merely between the parts of the object itself, but also between it as a whole and its design. As before, it is the perception of unity which gives rise to the feeling of the beautiful, but it is a more comprehensive unity. For example, a Corinthian pillar is absolutely beautiful. We should think it so if we had not the least idea for what it was intended. But we feel it to be much more beautiful when we see it used to support a glorious temple. We appreciate the beautiful correspondence between it and itR purpose. The fitness of the thing, even apart from its usefulnes:!, would seem to delight us.

Sueh, then, is the explanation of the two kinda of beauty. The analysis is far from complete or satisfactory j but it will help us, in the second place, to realize " how beautiful are the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things."

First, foreign misRions are absolutely beautiful. They could not fail to be so, for they are the conception of Him" in whom all things consist," and who" worketh all things according to the coungel of His own will." They must, therefore, be characterized by that comprehensiveness and unity of purpose which marks all the thoughts of God. And it is not difficult to discern this unity. In method, foreign missions are one with God's method. They are seen to be beautifully in harmony with all His procedure j and that, too, without any reference to their design. Now the Divine method is that of means or second causes. God has to an infinite degree what we name executive ability. He called all things into being by the word of His power. In like manner He upholds all things in being. At certain critical epochs He has Himself put forth His hand and wrought signs and wonders. He is always guiding and controlling, and so working through His agents. But He ordinarily employs these, and multiplies them infinitely. The angels are His messengers. Men are His servants. The whole brute creation does His bidding. The forces of nature are His instruments. He uses the universe as a mirror to reflect and so manifest His glory, which in itself no man hath seen or can see. It is, therefore, in beautiful consistency with the Divine method that when out of His infinite love God gave His own Son to be the propitiation for the sins of the whole world, He should at the same time have commanded us to go into all the world and preach this Gospel to every creature. As the marble nose in some perfectly sculptured face is felt to be beautiful because of its harmony with the other features, so we may appreciate the beauty of foreign mis- sions when we study the consistency of their methods with God's pro- cedure everywhere in the manifestation of Himself.

Again, foreign missions are not only thus one with God's general method, but they themselves in all their activities are under the control of one idea. It is not simply their harmony with the other features of the Divine plan that i,!! beautiful, but also the harmony of their own various agencies. The nose of the sculptured face may be beautiful in itself and without any reference to the rest of the face. Indeed, this is the highest kind of absolute beauty. It is strikingly apparent in the case of foreign nnSSIOns. This is so, not so much because of the singleness of their pur- pose, as because of its unique comprehensiveness. Where else will you find so many and so diverse instrumentalities all subordinated to one end 1 The missionary himself is often a preacher, a teacher, an author, a trans- lator, a legislator, a mechanic, a physician, a scientist, an explorer i like Paul, " he is made all things to all men, that he may by all means save some.' , And then the missionary is but one of thousands of missionary agencies. The professorB who taught him in the theological school, the col- lege, and the academy; the pastor under who~e care his religious life and his missionary spirit were developed; his godly mother, whose uncllasing prayers for him and with him were the real means of quickening his divine life and purpose-all these were missionary instrumentalities, and were indispensable ones. And then we must not forget the rich men who founded and supported the institutions of learning in which he was trained, or the authors who wrote the books by which his mind was nourished, or the ancestors who left their piety as a precious heritage to his mother, or the thousands of men and women and little children who contributed to the Board which sent him out and maintained him. And we must remember, too, that the development of commerce, the progress of science, the policy of empires, home missions-all these have an essential bearing on his work. Thus under the foreign mission idea they are unified. Indeed, this is the only idea under which this can be done. Human history is a jumble until it is seen to be the record of events even the least important of which tends toward the universal establishment of the kingdom of Christ. If, then, beauty is in proportion to the diversity in unity, if a scene be beautiful in . proportion to the number of different objects harmonized in it, what. can be so beautiful as foreign missions, which subordinate to one divine purpose all human interests ~ Second, they are relatively beautiful. This is the more prominent truth in the Scriptures. It is the beauty of fitness, of opportuneness, which both the text cited and the passage of Isaiah whence it is quoted emphasize. And this relative beauty is easily discernible. It appears in the Divine adaptation of the missionary's message to those to whom he goes. They are under everlasting condemnation, and are" dead in trespasilcs and sins. " He tells them of One who bore their guilt in His own body on the cross, and who by His Spirit can quicken even their dead souls into newness of life. They are utterly and eternally lost, and He offers them the one absolutely certain and eternal salvat~on. What could be so opportune' Where else is their adaptation so needed or so perfect 1 "How beautiful, then, mnst be the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things"!

This appears again in the fact that the missionaries are men. There is a beautiful appropriateness in their selection as the heralds of salvation. No one can appeal to man with so much power as his brother man. The angels, though they are God's ministers, and though they rejoice over every sinner that repents, are not sent to preach to sinners. Even glorified men are not. Abraham eaid to the rich man concerning his brethren, " If they hear not Moses and the prophets, neither will they be persuaded though one rose from the dead." Our Saviour, when He came to seek and to save them that are lost, was made in the likeness of men, and lived with men and as a man. He wa& "tempted in all points like as we are. " Hence He can be "touched with the feeling of all our infirmities." And in like manner the missionary, because he is a man, can be touched with the feeling of the infirmities of those to whom he goes. He appears among them as one of them. At once there is a bond of sympathy between Him and them. As no angel could, he can understand their condition. He is the one finite being who is qualified to bring to them the message of salva. tion. Is it not, therefore, beautifully appropriate that he is the very one whom God has appointed to " go into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature" 1 Equal if not greater appropriateness appears in the multiplicity and diversity of foreign mi8sionary agencies. The great end of missions is the universal establishment of the Redeemer's kingdom. Now in order to this its subjects must be interested in it. The domain and power of the kingdom of God never exceed the hold that it has on tho hearts of its members. Their interest, however, will be proportioned to what they do for the kingdom. That this is so needs no proof. The great problem in every church is how to find work for all the congregation. It is generally recognized that the non-workers are likely to become non-attendants. How significant is it, therefore, that there is no one so young, or 110 poor, or so ignorant that he cannot do something for missions, cannot feel that he has a part in the advancement of God's kingdom, cannot pray for the growth of Jernsalem as for that in which he himself is personally concerned. Must there not be in all this a most beautiful appropriateness 1 This paper may not close without special reference to the highest form of beauty, both absolute and relative-viz., "the beauty of holiness," the beauty produced by conformity to the nat.ureand will of God. This is the gem of absolute beauty, becanse it is the reBection of the harmony of Him the characteristic of the relation between whose attributes is perfect pro- portion, anc. the law of whose being is that He cannot contradict or deny himself; and also because it is the expression of the all-embracing purpose of Him who is "the truth," and whose most comprehensive as well as highest manifestation of Himself, that in His Son as our Saviour, was in order that" He might bear witness unto the truth." It is, moreover, the gem of relative beauty because of its adaptation to its purpose to glorify God. Where else can adaptation so perfect be discerned ~ The heavens declare God's glory. The seasons, in their regular recurrence, chant His praise. What, however, can honor Him so directly and con- spicuously as good deeds, as right words, as a holy life, as a Christ-like character 1 The universe is the evidence of God's power, the revelation of His wisdom, the demonstration of His presence j but holiness is the repro- duction of Himself. In proportion as we become holy does God not merely support and guide us, but act by us, think through us, and live in Ull.

Nothing else, then, could glorify Him as holiness must. Other things may show us what God does; this cannot but show us what He is. In perfect holiness, therefore, would be the perfection of adaptation. No fitness can equal perfect fitness to its infinite end.

Now missions 8re the acme of " the beauty of holiness." Their one aim is that " all should he saved and come to the knowledge of the truth,"

and this is the wish of God. The life which they require is to leave home and kindred " to seek and to save that which was lost," and this was the life of the Son of God. Their result will be " a great multitude," which no man could number, of all nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues, . . . who shall have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb j" and it will be at the sight of these, the fruit of missions, that from the whole angelic host will burst the magnificent ascrip- tion: "Amen. Blessing, and glory, and wisdom, and thanksgiving, and honor, and power, and might be unto our God forever and ever. Amen."

" How beautiful, then, must be the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things!" No other beauty is so Godlike j no other fitness equals its adaptation to glorify Him.

Do we recognize as we should the beauty of foreign mission" ~ We be- lieve them to be necessary. We know that Christ instituted them and charged His Church to prosecute them. We feel it to be our duty to do so. We wish to do so for our Saviour's sake. And all this is as it should be. No motive is so reliable as the sense of duty, and none is so high and noble as love for Christ. But would it not be helpful if we went to our work also with something of the artist's spirit ~ His appreciation of the beautiful throws a halo around all his toil. Life is to him a long sweet song, because he recognizes how much of beauty there is in it. This might be true of Christian service. In the strictest and highest sense is the mis- sionary work toward which all really Christian service tends beautiful.

Shall we not, then, so cultivate our taste that we may perceive" how beau- tiful are the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things" 1

THE OAREY EPOCH IN MISI!IIONS

THE CAREY EPOCH IN MISSIONS.

BY REV. D. L. LEONARD, BELLEVUE, O.

The closing years of the eighteenth century constitute in the history of Protestant missions an epoch indeed, since they witnessed nothing less than a revolution, a renaissance, an effectual ending of tLe old, a substantial inauguration of the new. And 1792 is annus mirabilis, the famous date from which to reckon forward and backward. 'VeIl may it stand with 44 A.D., when the Holy Ghost said, " Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have caUed them j" or 53 A.D., when in vision Paul was called to lay the foundations of the Gospel in heathen Europe. Before attempts to evangelize the world had been few, feeble, and far apart j sporadic also and isolated, without connection or continuity, and hence the results had been superficial and hansient. No uprising and onset of the Christian Church had hitherto been seen. 'Kings or trading companies were movers and promoters, and political and commercial considerations held a prominent place. But now came an entire change of basis, of method, of idea. A general movement was started, a trend was taken, or a tide set in which ever since has been rising and spreading with force irresistible. Whatever has been accomplished since can be traced to forces which began to operate almost exactly a hundred years ago. And, furher, in all that momentous period William Carey is easily not only the chief figure, but the supreme personal force-yes, under God the efficient cause of the surprising changes brought to pass. We may speak of the Carey epoch with as much propriety as of the Luther-Reformation. We may as fitly term him the apostle of modern missions as Paul the apostle to the Gentiles, or Ulfilas the apostle to the Goths, or Augustine apostle to the Britons, or Boniface apoRtle to the Germans.

A preliminary glance is in order at what had already been achieved, and at the status existing when the Spirit of God began mightily to move upon the soul of this humble Baptist cobbler-preacher. Gustavus Vasa and his successors had undertaken something in behalf of the pagan Lapps. The Dutch in the East Indie!' had done superficial work, and with results numerically large. In the early years of the century King Frederick IV. of Denmark had sent Von Westen to Upper Norway, Hans Egede to Greenland, and Ziegenbalg and Plutscho to Southern India. And Tranquebar had become a name well known and held in honor, and especially while Schwartz (1750-96) wrought with such marked energy and wisdom. In the century following Eliot and the Mayhews toil in behalf of the American Indians had been carried on (1734-57) by Brainerd, Sergeant, Edwards and Zeisberger. Most of all and best of all was the sublime missionary movement inaugurated by Zinzendorf and the Moravian Church, which in a single generation had carried the heralds of the cross to Greenland, the West Indies, America, and South Africa, and led others to attempt an entrance inlo Egypt, Abyssinia, Persia, Ceylon, China and Siberia. But since that so effectual beginning at Herrnhut in 1732, unless we except the work of Coke and the Wesleyans begun in 1786 in Antigua, when driven thither by a furious storm, nothing new had bcen attempted. And the Dutch missions were now at death's door. The Danish undertaking in Southern India had also fallen into a serious decline. From the beginning the men had come altogether from Germany, and of late the monllY had been derived wholly from British sources. The Society for the Propaga- tion of the Gospel for well-nigh a century had been raising annually and expending small sums, though mainly upon English colonists, and the So- ciety for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge had been helping with its funds to spread the glad tidings in the Old Wurld and the New. But, taken as a whole, Protestant Christendom had no concern for the heathen j doubted if aught should be undertaken in their behalf j did not believe that aught for their betterment was possible. Whether Established or Dissenting, not a solitary representative of the churche., qf Great Britain was found upon earth preaching Christ to those who had never heard His name!

But yet, though the outlook from this point of vision was sufficiently forbidding, and could scarcely have been worse, all unobserved and out of sight a preparation for better things multiform and widespread had long been in progress, and the set time for the blessed revelation Waf! at hand. In particular the forces of thc Wesleyan revival had long been riRing and spreading, and had stirred Britain tremendously from centre to circumference. The national conscience had been quickened, and in many thousands the flame of the higher affections had begun to burn. And so Howard, and Raikes, and Clarkson, and Wilberforce had begun to agitate. Then just before an empire had been added in the East, and so a vast heathen population had been thrust upon the notice and the care of the nation j and, moreover, by the voyages of Captain Cook in the South Sea, Islands innumerable, with millions more of wretched pagans, had been brought under the gaze of English Christians. Great industrial and social and political changes had recently come to pass, or were at the door-such, for example, as the steam-cngine stands for, and the spinning-jenny, and the cotton gin. And the spirit of freedom, whether civil or ecclesiastical, was in the air of Europe as well as of America. " The age of reason," " the rights of man," and" human equality" were phrases full of inspiration to the civilized world, and stood for ideas and entities in behalf of which millions were ready and eager to venture fortune and life itself. And even now it was, and in the very nick of time, that a voice was heard in the wilderness proclaiming that the kingdom of heaven was at hand.

Only a leader was lacking, some human spirit divinely endowed and called to inspire and guide, to supply II centre about which the spiritual forces of the time might crystallize. Nor h?d the same God, by whose ordinance the glorious work was at length to begin, failed to provide also the thoroughly furnished instrumentality; for, some thirty years before (August 17th, 1761), a babe WtlS born gifted among other things with a measureless hunger for knowledge, and a capacity seldom matched for end- less plodding and hard work. And a will·power was present able to push and persist without limit, but which could not by any means be allured or driven from the pursnit of any chosen object. To such fine qualities were joined later a stalwart faith and a zeal for righteousness so fervid and allconsummg that no difficulties or discouragcments could quench it. At the age of seventeen we find Carey a shoemaker's apprentice at Hackleton, nine miles from Paulerspury, his birthplace. Already he had commenced the study of birds, eggs, insects, and plants, and erelong had begun to delve into the mysteries of Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and French. And early and often was he called to take lessons in the stern discipline of life. When about twenty he was married to one who was" querulous, capricious, obstinate," and without sympathy with his life aims, and all this, perhaps in large part, because of a predisposition to meutal disease. He passed also through a protracted season of ill health, and for years was tried by the ills of extreme poverty. And, further, when the voice of the Lord began to cal1 in clear tones, " Go, preach the Gospel to the whole creation," year after year for the better part of a decade he stood almost utterly alone in disposition to obey.

It cannot but be interesting and profitable to note the various steps in the wondrous unfolding of the Divine plan. This future hero for the kingdom of heal"en was well on toward manhood before his spiritual nature was effectually and savingly aroused, and then, though reared in the Established Church, a little later hearing a sermon from the text, " Let us go forth unto him without the camp, bearing his reproach," with characteristic decision and practical energy he joined himself to a little company of Baptists because theirs was a faith despised. Nor was it long before acceptable preaching gifts began to appear. In 1785 he joined the Olney church, by which he was called to the work of the ministry August lOth, and two years after was ordained as pastor of the Moulton church, four miles from North· Ilmpton, and upon a salary of but £15, of which £5 came from London. To eke out II living, shoemaking and school-teaching were added to his occupations. While here it was that his attention was first called to the moral desolation of the heathen world, and his heart began to be moved to hasten relief. And the fact seems to be established that it was the reading of Captain Cook's voyages (1769-79) which brought this great matter to his notice, "though if ever an idea was originated in any man by the Spirit of God, it was this idea of the evangelization of the world." From boyhood books of science and history and travel had been his delight, and now, from investigating the world's physical features, he turned to an examination of the religious condition of mankind. It was at Moulton that Andrew Fuller, visiting Carey's shop, saw upon the wall near his bench a roughly sketched map upon which he had set in order all manner of facts and figures to picture to the eye what needed to be done for the diffnsion of the Gospel, the salvation of the race. Already also had fuel been added to the heavenly flame by a sermon of Fuller's upon" The Gospel Worthy of all Acceptation," which convinced him that, in spite of the current hyper-Calvinistic teaching to the contrary, it was the duty of all men to believe, and also the duty of Christians to tell the glad tidings to all. And a third impulse was supplied by Jonathan Edwards through his pamphlet, which exhorted God's people to union in " extraordinary prayer for the revival of religion and the advancement of Christ's kingdom upon earth." As a result of the reading of this the Baptist ministers in Northamptonshire resolved to set apart an hour for prayer on the first Monday in every month, that the power of the Cross might soon be felt to the most distant parts of the habitable globe. When with his brethren he could not but speak frequently upon the absorbing theme. but found few to listen with interest j while as for most, they thought him an idle dreamer. When once at a clerical gathering he was asked by Dr. Ryland, the chairman, to name a subject for discussion. and after much hesitation suggested, " Is not the command given to the apostles obligatory upon all ministers to the end of time~" as a reward he was dubbed" miserable enthusiast," and was reminded that at least nothing could be done until a second Pentecost should bring a return of the miraculous gifts j for as yet no one had begun to suspect that here was a man already possessed of the substance of that old-time enduement, even to the speaking with tongues!

But not in the least disheartened· or shaken in his purpose, Carey proceeded to prepare a paper of remarkable completeness and cogency, containing a tabular statement of thc size, population, etc., of the various coun~ tries of the globe, proving the Lord's commission to be perpetual, reciting the efforts which in each century had been put forth, and demonstrating the practicability of making further attempts. This great argument closed with an appeal for united prayer, and besides, since petition without effort to match would be but a mockery, for the gift regularly of a penny a week. In 1789 his ministry had bcen transferred from Moulton to Leicester j and, as revealing the burden whieh was upon his heart, the testimony comes that while there Carey was never heard to pray without making earnest supplication for the conversion of the heathen and the abolition of the slave trade. And that thc leaven of missionary zeal was spreading is shown by the fact that at thc association meetings held in 1791 the two preachers, Mr. Sutcliff and Mr. Fuller, chose kindred subjects, the former taking 1 Kings 1) : 10, "I have been very jealous for the Lord God of hosts," and the latter Haggai 1 : 2, "This people say, The time is not come that the Lord's house should be built." Noticing how deep and solemn was the impression produced by these discourses, Carey, in whom action as a matter of course must needs follow hard upon the heels of conviction, proposed to begin at once to organize and plan. But as yet for the others the vision was too dim, and he 8eemed to aim at objects too indefinite and out of reach. And so passed in inaction another year.

But May 31st, 1792, a date to be memorized by every lover of the kingdom, the ministers are again found together at Nottingham, and it wall the Leicester pastor's tUI'll to instruct with a sermon. And then it was that from Isaiah 54: 2, 3, "Enlarge the place of thy tent," etc, and with the two subdivisions, "Expect great things from God" and "At- tempt great things for God," was preached, judged by momentous and far- reaching results, one of the very greatest discourses ever heard in Christian history. The conclusions, the convictions, the desires, pent up for years, but steadily growing, now first found full expression, and not strangely the emotions of the audieuce were kindled with sympathy. But yet, though hearts were swayed and tears fell, large measures of doubt and hesitation still remained, and the assembly was about to separate without open commitment to any definite" attempt" in behalf of the speaker's "great things," but at his importunate suggestion finally resolved to adopt a plan for a society at the next meeting, to be hcld in six months. In due season the association came together at Kettering, October 2d, 1792, and no' doubt with slight conception of the magnitude of the matter in hand. In the evening of that most memorable day twelve men met in Mrs. Beeby Wallis's back parlor and fixed upon the constitution and by-laws of the Particular Baptist Society for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Heathen, subscribed £13 2s. 6d. as a foundation for its funds, and accepted Carey's offer to add to this whatever profits might result from the publication of his pamphlet on missions which had lain in manuscript for years.

And how sublime was that act of faith, that venture far beyond the realm of sight! How exceedingly remote were the heathen, and what an uncounted host! And these Baptists were but a humble and feeble folk, one of the least of the sects, and with no famed men among them. And the movement started far from the metropolis, and only one London clergyman lent it his countenance. Hence the venture was vast and the issue doubtful. It was like the crossing of the Rubicon, putting forth from Palos, nailing the theses to the church doors, or burning the ships to make retreat impossible. However, it was easy to resolve and not so very difficult to subscribe, but now came the tug. The pertinent and very practical question was to be answered, Who shall be sent forth, and whither, in all the pagan world, shall they journey? A committee was chosen to investigate, and was not left long to wait, for the pillar of fire soon began to rise and move forward. A certain John Thomas, a surgeon in the employ of tho East India Company, had gone out to Bengal in 1783, had been led to engage in evangelistic work in behalf of the Hindus, had recently returned, and was now in London, endeavoring to raise money for further efforts. He was sent for, and was invited to return under the auspices of the new society, with the promise of a companion, " if a suitable one could be found." Accepting this offer, then at once Carey expressed his readiness to become the desired second person, only stipulating that, while he descended to explore what Fuller had termed the" gold-mine" in India, the brethren whQ remained at hOlne should" hold the ropes." Next an appeal was made for £500, and within a few weeks double that amount had been secured.

But trials and tribulations in plenty were yet in store. The Leicester church was loath to lose its beloved pastor, and touchingly alleged, " We have been praying for the spreaa of Christ's kingdom alIlong the heathen, and now God requires us to make the first sacrifice." Next Carey's wife, having no sort of sympathy with his aims, utterly refused to share in the risks and hardships of the undertaking; and though the thought cost a world of agony, imperative duty seemed to compel him to go without her, to remain at least for a season. And finally India was 15,000 miles away; the East India Company was in full possession; no Englishman could lawfully land upon its shores without a license, and, moreover, the Gospel was a contraband article. After the utmost influence possible had been brought to bear upon the company it became evident that no license could be had, and so, recalling that the apostles did not wait for permission from Rome or any earthly anthority, our hero resolved to set forth without the consent of the directors and take the consequences. Through the influence of Mr. Thomas passage was engaged and fare was paid upon one of the company's ships, but later, delayed long by storms under the Isle of Wight, the missionaries were ordered ashore. But fortunately a few days after a Danish East Indiaman lay in Dover Roads, npon which transportation was secured, and at the last moment, visiting his erratic wife, Mrs. Carey consented to accompany her husband. It was June 13th, 1793, that they finally set sail upon a voyage so pregnant with consequences to Christianity unspeakably great, and five months later arrived at Calcutta, and on the 9th of November.

Of course the passage of these events produced scarcely a ripple upon the snrface of the great social or political or even religious world, were almost altogether unnoticed and unknown. In those days the great stir over the American Revolution was quieting down, but only to be succeeded by a vastly more fearful commotion from across the English Channel. It will be instructive to set down a few dates which locate what many would even yet deem the great events of the period. In 1789 first burst forth the volcano of the French Revolution, and July 19th the Bastile fell. June 20th, 1791, King LouiR fled from Paris. August 18th of the next year, a few weeks after Carey's great sermon, the invasion of France by the allies began, and the next month followed the" September Massacres," and the republic was proclaimed. January 21st, 1793, the king ascended the scaffold; March 11th the Revolutionary Tribunal was set up and the Reign of Terror was inaugurated; and June 2d, a fortnight before Carey sailed, the Girondists fell; and as he was nearing his destination the hapless Marie Antoinette met her fate, the Girondists following hard after. As God, and angels, and glorified saints estimate human affairs, who will dare affirm that the Hackleton cobbler's part in history is not every way worthy to be compared with that of George III. and Burke, of Mirabeau and La'ayette ~ THE MELANESIAN MISSION.

BY REV. ROBERT STEEL, D.D., SYDNEY, N. S. W • •, The immense Pacific smiles Round a thousand little isles, Haunts of violence and wiles. But the powers of darkness yield, For the CROSS is in the field, And the LIGHT OF LIFE revealed."

The diocese of the apostolic Dishop of New Zealand, Dr. George Augustus Selwyn, embraced eighty-four degrees of latitude! It was made, by a mistake of the letters-patent issued by the British Crown, to extl:;nd from 540 south to 34 0 north. It embraced also 20 0 of longitude, and covered an area of 4800 miles by 1200. This is probably the rgest diocese ever marked out for a single bishop, and may truly be said to have included" a thousand little isles," almost all " haunts of cruelty and wiles." New Zealand itself wail an extensive enough diocese, and is now divided into six see8, though the Anglican Church has only a portion of the colonial population. Bishop Selwyn was equal to the occupancy of an extensive episcopate. He had been a famous oarsman in the University boat at Cambridge, and he could manage a schooner at sea. When roads were few and rough, he sailed along the coasts of New Zealand in the pursuit of his calling, and gained golden opinions among pioneering colonists for his courage and devoteuness. Meanwhile he cal!lt many a longing eye over the wide expanse of waters which the English Colonial Office had mapped out as his diocese. In 1847 he resolved upon a voyage of inspection, and fortunately got a passage in II. M. S. " Dido," when he had an opportunity of observing the insular groups in the southwestern Pacific, and the native population on them. In 1849 he got a small schooner of only twenty-one tOllS, the " Undine," with a crew of four men, and set sail alone on a trial Toyage. After ten days from Auckland, New Zealand, he reached Aneityum, a thousand miles away. This was the most southern island of the New Hebrides,' and where a mission had been started a year before by the Rev John Geddie, a Presbyterian missionary from Nova Scotia. The bishop met H. M. S. "Havannah," Captain Erskine, at this harbor, and in his company visited the islands of the New Hebrides and Loyalty groups, and also New Caledonia. His chief object at first was to endeavor to win the confidence of the natives. He had a rare art in this, and went unarmed among them, always keeping-his eye upon the cbief in each tribe, lest any mischief should arise. Like Van Amburgh among lions, Bishop Selwyn could tame cannibals for the time by the power of his eye! He was anxious also to get a few boys away to Auckland that he might attempt to educate them in the first principles of the Christian religion, and then return them to exercise some influence for good among their own people. The summer months were the most favorable for this training, while the winter was most favorable for voyaging in the tropic seas. Bishop Selwyn found a Babel of tongues among the dark savages of Melanesia-that portion of 'Western Polynesia in which he sailed. He endeavored to pick up a few words in each island, and carefully noted them down, along with the names of chiefs and others, so that when he returned he used these words and names again to the astonishment and delight of the natives. He thus pioneered missionary enterprise among heathen islands, as Dr. Livingstone did in Central Africa. He extended his voyages from year to year as his acquaintance with the islanders increased, and as he got a larger craft in which to sail. Most of the islands between New Zealand and the Solomon Islands were visited by him, and where there were no resident missionaries except on the Loyalty Islands, and on one of the New Hebrides group. He had zeal, wisdom, and courage for all his peculiar trials and difficulties. Few men have braved so many dangers with less means of defence in the service of Christ and His holy Gospel. In his first voyages he had no charts, and had to rely on his own drawings and on some old Spanish charts. He had, besides, to take observations, calculate distances, keep command, pull a rope, and manage natives on board speaking various languages. Some of the men had their wives occasionally with them, and as their clothing was very scanty, the bishop made dresses for the women, and when the mothers were sick he nursed their babies!

Thus he founded the M.elanesian"Mission. In 1850 he attended a meeting of bishops in Sydney, New South Wales, and got an Australasian Board of Missions established for the conversion and civilization of the aborigines of Australia and Western Polynesia. By contributions, given at the time, he was enabled to purchase and furnish the" Border Maid," a schooner of one hundred tons, and in 1851 the Bishop of Newcastle, N. S. W., who had been a comrade of Bishop Selwyn in the Cambridge University boat, accompanied him on a voyage. In 1852 he conveyed in his schooner to Aneityum a Presbyterian missionary and his wife free of expense. In England his powerful sermons at the University made a great impression, and he got Rev. John Coleridge Patteson, M.A., son of Mr. Justice Patteson, to go with him in 1855 expressly for mission work. This devoted man was trained by Dr. Selwyn to take complete charge of the mission, and he was consecrated Bishop of Melanesia in 1861. A fund of £5000 was raised by Bishop Selwyn to endow the see. Bishop Patteson followed in the steps of his great predecessor, and went annually on voyages among the islands, collecting boys for the missionary college established first at Auckland, New Zea1and, and afterward at Norfolk Island. He was joined by Rev. R. H. Codrington, M.A., Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford, who subsisted on his fellow~hip, and, like his bishop, gave his services gratuitously. Many youths were taught who, after they were baptized, became teachers in their native isles. New openings were constantly sought, new missionaries added, until the work spread as far as the Banks and the Solomon groups. After the labor traffic began, and the natives w~re il.lGel.lsed by some kidnapping scenes, Bishop Patteson and a native deacon, Stephen, fell in 1871 as martyrs to the cause of Christ by the savages of Nukapu, in the Santa Cruz group. Great was the lamentation over the early removal of the devoted Patteson. But the good work went on. The Rev. J. R. Selwyn, M.A., son of the Bishop of New Zealand, was selected for the island episcopate in 1877. Amid many difficulties and domestic trials Bishop Selwyn has carried on his work. He has had a mission schooner with auxiliary steam power for cruising among the islands. And now a larger steam vessel has been got for the expanding work. Bishop Patteson left his entire fortune of over £13,000 to the mission. Miss Yonge, the popular writer, and authoress of the" Life of Bishop J. C. Patteson," gave the entire profits of " The Daisy Chain," and many other sums to the funds. A thousand acres were purchased at Norfolk Island, and the necessary buildings have been erected for the accommodation and instruction of the scholars and for the residence of the bishop and missionaries. The trust funds amount to £40,000, the interelt of which is used for workini expenses. The total income wal £6380 in 1890. Of this about £4000 came from Australasia. The expenditure was more than the income by £833. The bishop surren.dered £200 of his moderate income to help the deficit. The new ship has cost £9200. At St. Barnabas College there are 124 male and 32 female scholars from many different islands. The mission is carried on throughout the islands during all the year by native teachers, and during the winter months European missionaries reside, to superintend the teachers, preach the Gospel, visit the schools and open up new spheres for labor.

The' bishop, who has been very unwell or late by malarial sciatica, takes a yearly voyage through his extensive diocese. Many islanders, once savages, have been admitted into the Christian Church by baptism, numbers have been taught to read, others trained to teach, and several ordained to the Christian ministry. Dr. Codrington, who has now retired, published a valuable book on the Melanesian languages, in which he gave vocabularies and grammars of some forty tongues. Portions of Scripture and the liturgy of the Church of England have been translated into different languages, and printed for the use of the natives. One language is usedthat of the island of Mota-in the college at Norfolk Island ; but the missionaries cultivate and speak the languages of the islands where they labor. To give a few specimens of the work carried on at present, it may be stated that on the island of Florida, where there is a population of 5508, a little over 2000 have been bapt.ized and 56 confirmed. There are 62 teachers and 1020 scholars there. In the Banks group the Rev. T. C. Culwick reports that in 1890 there were 41 schools in eight islands, 234 adult and 102 infant baptisms, and in one church there were 117 communicants. The Rev. Charles Bice, who has been employed twenty-five years in the Northern New Hebrid.es, spent several months during 1890 on the islands; he reports that much disquiet prevailed, that the population had been greatly thinned

IMPORTANT DEATHS

by the labor traffic. Difficulties have arisen in some cases from the Frenoh traders who have settled on the islands. A great work is being done throughout many islands by Bishop Selwyn and his missionaries and teachers. It is to be hoped that the bishop may be restored to health, and that by the blessing of God the enlarged efforts practicable with a larger steamer may result in the expansion of the Melanesian Mission, and the ingathering of many dusky islanders to the fold of Christ.

STATISTICS OF THE MISSION.

Staff.-The Right Rev. John R. Selwyn, D.D., Bishop j English clergy: Rev. Charles Biee, Arthur Brittain, R. B. Conrius, J. D. Branne, B.A., T. C. CuI wick, John Palmer, J. H. Plant, M.A., R. M. Turnbull. Native ordained mi~sionaries: Alfred Lobu, Clement Marau, Robert Pantutun, Mano Wandrokai, Walter Weser, deacons j George Sarawia, Henry Tagalad, priests. Native teachers, about 200. Mission steam vessel, Captain Bongard engineer, officers, doctor and crew. There are 31 scholars supported at Norfolk Island by congregations in New South Wales j 10 by those in Victoria, 11 by those in South Australia, 5 by those in New Zealand, and 27 by those in New Zealand. Thus between 80 and 90 are known by name to congregations supporting them. Parcels of clothing are annually sent by working parties of ladies. A sum of £1500 per annum is contributed by friends of the mission in England.

TWO IMPORTANT DEATHS.

The death of Narayan Sheshadri, on the ocean, last month, and the death of Hormazdji Peestonji, in India, during the previous month, recall the stormy scenes attending the .:lonversion and baptism of these men, more than fifty years ago. The preaching of Dr. John Wilson, one of the great Scotch missionaries, was followed by a special blessing. Four young men, two of them Parsees .and two of them Hindus, professed faith in Christianity. All the inten'le hatred of the heathen heart was turned against these men. Legal proceedings were instituted against them in the civil courts in Bombay. Two of these converts were Danjibhai Nouroji and Hormazdji Pestonji, Parsees j and two were the brothers Narayan and Shripat Sheshadri, Hindus, and, in addition, Brahmans. Shripat Sheshadri, brother of Narayan, was remanded to Hinduism, as he had not attained to his majority. The others were baptized in spite of the violence of the mob, which threatened the mission house, and was restrained only by the presence of the military force. Narayan Shcshadri did his work afterward in connection with Presbyterians of Scotland. Hormazdji Pestonji went into the service of the Irish Presbyterian Church, and afterward became a Baptist, and was the head of the Baptist Mission in Poona. In the past summer death came to them both-to one on the sea, to the other at home.-Presbyterian.

18IH.] CONGREGATIONALISTS AND

CONGREGATIONALISTS AND MISSIONS.

BY REV. EDWARD STORROW, BRIGHTON, ENGLAND.

A very important forward movement in foreign missions has just been inaugurated in England. The directors of the London Missionary Society have resolved, before the jubilee of the society in 1895, to add 100 more missionaries to its staff; a large increase, since the present number is only 192. The importance of this resolution will be apparent if it be observed': 1. That this is the oldest Foreign Missionary Society in England next to the Gospel Propagation and Baptist Societies, and has the largest purely foreign missionary income, with perhaps two exceptions.

2. Its basis is undenominational, but practically it has fallen into the hands of Congregationalists, and is the only Foreign Missionary Society which in any sense belongs to them.

3. It has a distinguished history, since it was the first Protestant society to Bend missionaries into Polynesia, China, Madagascar, Lake Tanganyika in Central Africa, and to begin work in New Guinea on an important scale j and in some of these fieldll it has had distinguished success.

4. It stands eminent for the number of its illustrious missionaries- Morison, Milne, Griffith John, Ellis, Williams, Moffat j Livingstone being also of the number.

5. It has a larger staff of native agents in proportion to its European missionaries than any other society, since its ordained native ministers number 1224, its other native preachers and evangelists over 4100, and its school·teachers more than 3000, a large proportion of these being well tried and carefully trained.

Various causes have led the more ardent friends of the society to desire that it should attempt greater things. Among these may be mentioned the splendid openings for aggressive work around many of its stations in India, China, Madagascar, and New Guinea; the painfully inadequate number of its missionaries in many important centres j the examples of faith and enterprise set by some other missionary agencies, and the growing consciousness among Congregationalists that they are not doing their full part in the splendid enterprise of giving the Gospel to the non-Christian world. Convictions of this· nature led four well-known ministers to issue a heartstirring appeal only a few weeks ago, entitled" Congregationalism and the Evangelization of the W orId," the main purport of which was that at least 100 additional missionaries tlhould be sent out: 40 more to India, 40 more to China, 10 more to Africa, 10 more to Polynesia, Madagascar, etc. This suggestion was embodied in the following resolution, which after most careful consideration was accepted by the board of directors at their first meeting in July : "That it is desirable that the Society should, notwithstanding the adverse balaQce with which the past year closed, at once proceed to provide

A NEW APPLICATION OF AN OLD HYMN

for the pressing needs which have already been recognized by the Board, and should further without hesitation enter upon the enlarged openings for work presented in connection with several of the great Mission fields in which the Society is laboring. And that an attempt be made to add One hundred additional Missionaries to the Society's staff before the Society's Centenary is celebrated in 1895."

The importance and gravity of this step is seen in the facts, that for some years the income of the society has not advanced as it should have done j that it has not found without difficulty the fifteen or twenty suitable men it has required year by year to keep up its present staff of missionaries; and that the proposal will necessitate an increase of £25,000 annually to the society's income. Nevertheless the resolve is wise, noble, and necessary; it has been made deliberately and with much faith and prayer, and it will probably elicit so enthusiastic a response from the Congregational churches and such a blessing from God that it will be carried to a most successful issue.

A NEW APPLICATION OF AN OLD HYMN.

To the Editor of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW: The old hymn of Thomas Scott might with a little alteration be ad- dressed to Christians j for in the mission work the wise, the merciful, the obedient the blessed thing to do is to haste.

Haste, 0 Christian ; now be wise j Stay not for the ml)rrow's sun j Wisdom if you thus despise, Harder is it to be won.

Haste, for many now "implore j Stay not for the morrow's sun, Lest the season should be o'er, Ere thii evening's stage be run.

Haste, 0 Christian j now obey j Stay not for the morrow's sun.

Haste, for many now do pray That salvation's work be done.

Haste, 0 Christian; now be blest; Stay not for the morrow's sun, Lest perdition souls arrest, Ere the morrow is begun.

VERSAILLES, Ky. PAUL V. BOMAR.

"NAlI: TRANG SONG."

." NAM THANG SONG."* BY REV. F. ELLIS, BRISTOL, ENGLAND.

NOTE.-The following verses were written some three or four years ago by the blind Moravian pastor lu Bristol, whose noble sister takes the part of eyes and hands for him. The inspiration of the poem is suffiriently indicated In the foot-notes, which also explain all references. It was originally printed In the Periodical Accounu, the English missionary qnarterly of the Moravian Ohnrch, but in the hope that the lines might prove a source of enconragement to other than Moravian missionary laborer., they have been offered for republication In this journal by permission of Rev. Benjamin La Trobe, editor of the Pmodical Accounts. We add that the Rev. Frederic Redslob, after 20 years nnremitting labor In the Tibetan Mountains, has been forced to retire on account of broken health, and his place has been supplied by the Rev. F. Becker Shawe, who has recently arrived in his far·off field of labor in the midst of the Himalayan Mountain., after a most adventuresome and arduous journey. In Alaska the work has progressed nobly since the fatal day recorded in the poem. Addi. tional volunteers have gone forth to this bleak and dreary field, and in spite of apparently insurmonntable obstacles, converts are slowly being gathered in.

NAZARETH, PA. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ.

Cheerless in the evening hour is the prospect he commands, As at foot of Himalaya, wrapt in thought, our Redslob stands j Eighteen thousand feet of climbing is the task to-morrow brings, And he gauges all before him, and he thinks a llUndred things: Will the undertaking prosper' is the mountain pathway clear ~ Are the coolies to be trusted '-then a sudden sickening fear Seizes him, as gazing upwards he perceives that, lure and slow, Clouds, black heavy clouds, are gathering, ominous of falling snow. Let them but discharge their burden,-and they will, the coolies say, Then all hope of further progress must consume'in long delay. For a moment all is gloomy j blows the night wind bleak and chill : – Disappointment seems to crush him at the foot of Taglang hill j Yet it is but for a moment j soon regained his self-control, And the peace which passeth knowledge takes possession of his soul 1 For within his chamber kneeling, contrite, confident, and mild, Angels might have heard his breathing, " Lord, forgive thy anxious child j Pardon if for one brief instant I have sought to take from Thee What is Thine by right and promise j take it, take it, Lord, from me• • This Tibetan sentence, which implies, .. It has cleared np 1" or .. It is all bright again 1" was the cheering morning greeting of hiB coolies to the Rev. F. Redslob, snperintendent of the Moravian Mission in Oentral Asia, on the day when he intended to cross the Taglang Pass (18,000 feet in height) near the northern bonndary of British India. He was on his way to found a permanent mission at Leh, the capital of Ladak, when evening closed in with a dark and threatening cloud hanging far down the pass, portending snow and conseqnently enhanced difficulties and dangers amid those trackless wastes of rock and glacier if not protracted delay at the foot of the Taglang. .. The pass," says Mr. Redslob, .. seemed to my imagination an image of the future of our Ladak Mission, and my own immediate prospects. I felt dispirited, and lay down to rest with a weight of apprehension on my heart. But I endeavored to cast my care upon the Lord, and commended myself and onr whole mission work into His hand•.

.. How great WIlS my joy when the next morning I was awakened by the cry, 'NAJIl THANG SONG I' (' The weather is quit~ mght again. ') It was indeed a lovely morning. The clouds had vanished, and the snow, which had merely sprinkled the pass as with a thiu covering of sugar, had entirely disappeared before I reached the heights. I could not possibly have had more favorable weather for such an ascent and descent, and the exp.eriences of the following days were destined to fill me with deep gratitude and reveal very clearly how gracionsly the Lord had arranged all things tor me." Be to-morrow in Thy keeping; mine to follow, Thine to lead; Thine the wisdom and the power, mine the weakness and the need. Glad shall be my full submission whatsoever Thy decree, For my will with Thine is blended, and Thou, Lord, art all to me !"

With the daybreak rise the coolies, all expectant to behold Everywhere the sad fulfilment of the troubles they foretold. Scarce a flake of snow has fallen, not a cloud bedims the sky, And they shout for very gladness-" Nam thang song!" they loudly cry, As in eager haste they hurry to the sleeper where he lies; " Rouse thee quickly for the journey, ' Nam thang song, 'good Sahib, rise ; Gird thee for the upward journey ; bright the sky and clear the way; , Nam thang song,' good Padre Sahib, we shall cross Taglang to-day."

TPen with sanctified exertions Redslob and his coolies start, Every footstep fraught with danger, but there's music in his heart ; For the Master's smile is on him; this makes all his troubles light. Rocky shelving, mountain torrent, steep descent, and slippery height, Precipices, all he passes, till, by angel hand sustained, He haa left it all behind him, and his journey's end attained.

Work on, Redslob, with thy comrades in that hard Tibetan field; Ne'er despond, though scant the harvest which your labors seem to yield; For in God's own time the message ye so faithfully proclaim Shall be owned by tens of thousands to the honor of His name. And the wilderness shall blossom, and the desert place rejoice, At the brightness of His coming and the music of His voice.

Such the word to you, ye others, who on many a foreign soil Delve and sow, and yet know something of the fruitlessness of toil. COUl"dge, brothers! out in Greenland, and in ice-bound Labrador In the Western Indian islands; on the Nicaraguan shore i* On the rivers of Guiana, t or among the swart Fingoos it Or in Ramahyuck's § enclosure, tending the despised Papoos ; ,Or in Canada's dominions, serving out the Word of grace To the Delaware and Choctaw~ remnants of a fading race i Or like self-denying Miiller, II with his brave wife at his side, Tt:lling the in-gathered lepers how for them, too, Christ haa died,- Courage, one and all, ye brothers! no occasion for dismay i Let not " may be" come between you and the praises of .to day ; Ne'er anticipate the morrow, for ye cannot know its form ; Fretting never frightened thunder, sighing never stayed a stonn• • Mission in the Moskito Indian Reserve, Central America.

t i. e., Dutch Guiana or Surinam, and British Guiaua (Demerara). *MiBBions In South Africa to FingOOB, Hottentots and KaffirB. reserve § Ramah-yuck (Ramah. our home) is the second aboriginal nuder care of Moravian mis- sionaries in Victoria, Australia.

U.. House-father" of the Leper Home near the Jaffa Gate of Jerusalem. But when clouds come darkling o'er you as ye face stern duty's height, Then remember He who sends them can disperse them in a night.

Work with patience, pray with trusting. each one faithful at his post, And erelong the wave of blessing which swept o'er Moskito Coast Shall reach your remotest borders, and refresh and gladden you.

Many a Daukra, and Quamwatla, Kukallaya, and Yulu,* Shall rise up to call you blessed, and to verify the words, There's success in David's battle, for the battle is the Lord's.

G'nadendal t shall yet burn brightly, as a lamp with freshened oil, Entumasi, Engotini, and Entwanazana'st soil Yet shall yield abundant harvest, and another Herald § soon Bear the Gospel's gladdening message over Mexican lagoon.

And you of this latest venture, who but yesterday went forth With your lives of consecration to the wild Alaskan II North, Take our heartfelt blessing with you, and amid your ice and snow On the drear Kuskokwim River let it comfort you to know That upon our hearts we bear you, and though miles may surge between, In the truest bond of union we are with you on the scene j We could understand your feelings as ye slowly sailed away From the harbor of Francisco on that eighteenth day of May, And we could but stand and wonder at those two of gentler form Who were thus prepared to join you in the solitude and storm j Spite of all your ocean-tossings, and the dangers that ye faced, Never once in spirit shrank ye from the cause ye had embraced. We could see you grouped together gazing on the outline blue, Till the mountains of Alaska shaped themselves to clearer view; We could see you, lone and wistful, by the warehouse on the land, Where the Lizzie Merrill l left you dazed, yet waving with the hand Towards the fast-receding vessel, bidding farewell to the last Of all things that seemed to link you with the brightness of the past.

Then ye nerved yourselves to action, though unused to rope and spar, Weighed the anchor, trimmed the sails, and launched your little Bethel Star >' Past the mu~banks safely guided,· up the river bravely bore Through those fifty leagues of sameness j saw the tundras** on the shore, Marked the pine-trees andgamutes tt sparsely set on either side, And the Eskimo bidarka tt swiftly floating o'er the tide j * Places affected by the recent awakening among the Moskito Indians.

t Genadendal, the oldest mission station in South Africa, commenced by George Schmidt in 1734.

~ Former and present stations among the Kaffirs. § New mission vessel for the Moskito Coast Mission. I Alaska, until 1867 Russian America. ,- The schooner which conveyed the Alaskan pioneers from San Francisco to the month of the Kuskokwim River.

** Tundras-H treeless, shrubless, mossy flats."

**tt Gamute-village. Bidarka-three-holed kayak, or skin-covered canoe.

CUBA AS A MISBION FIELD

Felt the rainfall, 'watched the nightfall, hailed the daybreak o'er the foam,- Till in Mumtreklagamute * ye arrived, and called it " Home !"

There, within your winter quarters, daily learning while ye teach, Slowly hinting at the Gospel which as yet ye cannot preach; We can see you striving, toiling, patient, yet withal so grave, As ye think upon the comrade lying low beneath the wave, t Which swept him to sudden glory, but left YOll to mourn a friend.

Patience, brothers! "Hope and Patience" be your watchword to the end.

Scant enough we thought your numbers, yet we read the lesson tme : God, who claims the victor's glory, ever wins by Gideon's few.

Feed upon the word He gave you on that fatal August day, And be sure that when in spirit you and we together pray, " God of Bethel, bless our mission on the bleak Alaskan shore,"

He will give the cheering answer, " Fear not; I have gone before. "t CUBA AS A MISSION FIELD.

BY w. J. MOMAN, CIENFUEGOS, CUBA.

Cuba is the largest of the West Indian Islands, and has been a Spanish colony ever since its discovery. It has an area of about 72,000 square miles, and the population is variously estimated at from 1,500,000 to 2,000,000. Its soil is most fertile, and the climate generally healthy except in some of the'towns, where the want of proper sanitary regulations is perhaps the chief cause of so much sickness at certain periods of the year.

The population is ~ixed up of Spaniards (natives of Spain), Cubans (natives of Cuba), and negroes. Among these classes the strongest prejudices exist. The pe.:>ple congregat"e mostly in cities and towns, but many live on and about the sugar plantations where they are employed. The chief towns are nearly all connected by rail or steamboat, so that travelling is not difficult, though somewhat expensive.

The whole country is divided into six provinces-viz.• Pinar del Rio,' Havana, Matanzas, Santa Clara, Puerto Principe, and Santiago de Cuba, each having a chief town of the same name.

The people are nominally Roman Catholics, but the majority, having lost faith in Rome, are drifting away into infidelity. While many have thus renounced belief in all religion, there iI!, on the other hand, a large number still fanatically devoted to Rome. Roma~ism was the religion of their • .The Alaskan missionaries have built their house near Mumtrekhlagamnte. a trading post of the Alaska Commercial Company, and called the ~tatlon Bethel. (Gen. 35: 1.) t Mr. Torgersen, one of the five pioneers, was drowned by accident on August 10th, 1885.

~ The text for August 10th, 1885, the day on which Mr. Torgersen was drowned, was Isaiah 52 : 12. fathers and grandfathers, and still possesses great power over them. These are generally ignorant people, who are entirely under the power of the priests, and render them a blind and unquestioning obedience. Betwe.en these two extremes there is another class-perhaps not a large one-who have ceased to believe in the Romish Church, but still believe in God, the Creator of all things, and feel the need of a religion which will elevate man's mind and pUIify his heart.

Until recently Protestant work could not be publicly done in Cuba. At present, however, all sects are tolerated and allowed to propagate themselves without disturbance, religious toleration having been granted under the revised Spanish Constitution. The whole island is therefore opened up to the Protestant missionary, and wherever he goes he may claim the protection of the authorities. I have already had a police officer accompany me home after conducting service in my chapel.

I wish to repeat and emphasize what I have already said about the amount of work which is being done here at present. It is in no way adequate to the pressing need of the field. The Southern Baptist Convention has missions in Havana and some neighboring towns, and a great work is being done by this soci~ty. There is an Episcopal mission in Matanzas, with a station in Havana, and recently a Presbyterian mission has heen started in Havana, with which I believe the Presbyterians of Mexico are identified. So far as I know, the only other mission work being done on the island is at CienfuegoB, a town on the south side, where the writer is laboring under the auspices of the Jamaica· Baptist Missionary Society. All these agencies together do not reach more than 500,000 persons, leaving more than 1,000,000 souls without the knowledge of the true way of salvation, and without any possible way of acquiring such a knowledge. Scattered all over the country are populous towns and villages without the light of the Gospel of Christ, where the people must either be satisfied with the dead forms and lying absurdities of Rome, or rellounce all religion. In the three southern provinces-namely, Santa Clara, Puerto Principe, and Santiago de Cuba, with a population of about 600,000, I am the only missionary. These hungry, starving souls are daily crying for the bread of life. Day by day the cry goes up from thousands of burdened hearts, "No man cares for my soul." Their religion consists of processions, masses, baptisms, and such ceremonies, which Rome has invented, and with whiCH she has replaced the Gospel. The priest is the only mediator they know between God and man, and although dissatisfied with his religion, and not unfrequently with his corrupt morals, they are afraid to abandon the Church, as union with it is their only hope of salvation. ' , No priest, no sacrament j no sacrament, no salvation," is a maxim of terrible power over the minds of those who have been brought up in the darkness and superstition of Rome.

Less than 120 miles away from the great American republic lies a country with more than 1,000,000 persons, "who sit in darkness and in the region of the shadow of death," waiting for the light of the Gospel. How long shall they thus wait? One cannot but feel that the answer to this ques- tion lies with the Christians of the United States. There can bl1 no question about money and men, for the churches have both the money and the men. Since writing the last sentence I took up the MISSIONARY REVIEW for Feb- ruary, and find that the Protestants of the United States are supposed to have a surplus wealth of about $500,000,000 a year. What to do with it ? Why not spend $500,000 a year in trying to evangelize Cuba ~ With so much money in their purses, and so many men willing to go out as mis- sionary worker~, we fail to see any reason why every town in Cuba should not be supplied with a missionary of the Cross.

The people are very favorably disposed toward Americans and American institutions. In every city and town, it might be said in every household, the products of American industry and manufacture are well known. Why should not this be the case also with the religon which has raised the United States to the proud position she occupies among the nations of the earth ~ There is urgent need that the work should be done at once. This feeling grows on one the more he knows of the people. As I have already said, many are embracing atheistic creeds and theories which involve a negation of all religion. It is not unlikely that this anti-Christian movement will gain strength in proportion as the intellectual faculties of the people are / awakened and developed apart from true religion. It seems that the Church is losing its opportunity with regard to Cuba. People are becoming infidels chiefly because they do not know the true Gospel, and are disgusted with the caricature of Christianity which the Roman Church exhibits. Now is the time to seek to check the growth of iufidelity which seems likely to overrun poor, priest.ridden Cuba.

But there is another reason why the neld should be taken hold of at once, even if we should not succeed in turning the tide of infidelity. The human mind cannot long be satisfied with a negation of all religion. To be religious belongs to man's nature, and the religious faculty will sooner or later make itself felt in the setting in of a strong reaction in favor of religion. I think this is clearly taught by the religious history of the world. Wherever infidelity has seemed to triumph for awhile a reaction has invaria- bly set in in favor of religion, and sometimes in favor of the most degrad- ing superstition under that name. One feels sure that it will be so in Cuba; and if the pure, true Gospel is not made known to the people, the reaction will be in favor of the degrading superstition and idolatry of the Church of Rome, and no one can tell how long this may delay the evan- gelization.01 Cuba.

SOIDe seem to think that there is no room for other missionary societies than those that are now laboring here. A gentleman officially connected with one of the great missionary societies said to me not long ago, " We have lost our chauce in Cuba." This is by no means true. The field is

THE PROTESTANT MOVEMENT IN MEXICO

large enough to receive Baptists, Methodists, Episcopalians, Presbytpriansin short, all evangelical societies who will preach the Word of God. There is no reason why all should not unite in the grand work of giving the Gospel to this benighted people.

The difficulties of the work are numerous, and different stations throughout the island will present different difficulties; but I have already taken up too much space, and cannot now refer to the difficulties except to say that they are not insuperable, and patient, persevering, faithful work in Cuba will surely meet with large success, although the laborers may have to work hard and wait long.

THE PROTESTANT MOVEMENT IN MEXICO.

BY ELEANOR P. ALLEN, CINCINNATI, o.

The innate ideas of our Protestant heritage are that religious and civil freedom are both alike necessary to the highest development of our race. In order to measure the value of these great possessions to other countries that hitherto have not enjoyed their benefits, let us consider for a moment by what feeble means, against what odds, at how great cost, that heritage of blessing was won for our own-land. There is no more interesting period • of our history than those seventy-five years of struggle which decided whether this land should be another New Spain, like poor Mexico, or another New England, such as, thank God, it is; whether, accord- ing to the inscription upon the arms of Columbus, "To Castile and Leon (alone) Colon had given a new world," or whether he had found that treasure for a greater people made new and strong and free by -a truer and a purer faith; for whether this struggle is called in Europe the wars of the" Austrian and Spanish Successions," and in this new unsettled world the wars of "Queen Anne," "King George," or the " French and Indian War," the central point at issue was the same. How- ever complicated by the personal ambitions of the French Louis-es or the monarchs of stately Spain, and the other princes of Europe from the dates of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 'lnd the success of the revolution in England by which it was declared that thenceforth no Catholic prince should ever sit upon her throne, the relll struggle for dominion in Europe and for the consequent possession of this continent lay between the over- grown powers of the Papacy, on the one hand, and on the other, the giant infant of the Reformation, late born in the lap of Germany.

What had Spain done 1 Marching from the southern seas in gorgeous panoply of scarlet and gold, her fiery, intensely religious, always greedy hosts conquered South America and Mexico at about the same time, and pushing far to the north and west, founded town after town upon our Pacific frontier, the centre and chief interest of which town was always the parish church, till here and there and everywhpl"e, above the soft seas and in the upper mountain air, was heArd the tender toning of her mid- night bells of prayer. Have we not to-day Santa Fe, founded by Spanish priests, away up on the plateau of the Rocky Mountains, now deemed the oldest city of our country 1 and San Augustine, the next oldebt, also found- ed by them as they came to pour other hosts across the southern slopes of our country to the Mississippi 1 What did France do 1 Were not the white gleam and shimmer of her lily standard seen through the wild woods of the St. Lawrence from its gulf along its course, through the great lakes and down the Mississippi till they met the forces of Spain in Louisiana! Have we not the traces of this course in the names familiar to us all-of Marquette, Juliet, Sault Ste. Marie, and Detroit, besides many another 1 Then did she not strive to secure possession of our own fair valley of the Ohio, that she might use it as an entering wedge with which to split apart the claims of the few and feeble English colonies on the coast! How many of those colonies were there 1 When this struggle began in 1688 there were twelve, and one of them was Romish. When we group these facts together, and remember the splendor and resources of these Romish countries at that period, and the weakness of the forces of Protestantism that were set to oppose them, can we not imagine that the angels above watched the close of this conflict with high joy, and that they all, together with the Prince of our people, sang aloud, " But as for His own people, He led them forth like sheep. He carried them in the wilderness like a flock." " We give Thee thanks, 0 Lord God Almighty, that Thou hast taken to Thee Thy great power, and hast reigned !"

William Carey began work in India liS the firST; Protestant missionary only ninety-eight years ago. It was in 1'793 that he alone, the leader of a vast army that should follow, set foot on India's soil for the redemption of the millions of that race. He toiled on seven full years before he gained his first convert-seven years of struggle for one soul! In 1800 he baptized Krishna Chunda Pul, the first Hindu Protestant convert. When Carey died (the man whom God lifted from the cobbler's bench first to the English pulpit and then to the highest throne ever erected on the soil of India) he was honored throughout EnglanQ, India, and the civilized world. He had introduced a work into India that would ultimate in the moral regeneration of the people and the social and mental elevation of a race. Schools. books, newspapers, moral associations-these, and a thousand other blessings followed as the indirect fruit of Carey's sowing on Indian soil. He died in 1834, hut not until he had seen thousands follow his lone convert into the fold of Christ j and when the Church celebrated the semi-centennial of his death 500,000 converts could be counted in the vast field of work he had opened up. American growth of population does not exceed twenty-five per cent for the decade just past, but that of the Protestant family of India exceeded eighty-six per cent. How wonderfully God has honored the teachings of William Carey, the so-called Sanctified Cobbler!

1891.J EXTRACTS AND TRANSLATIONS FROM FOREIGN PERIODICALS

EXTRACTS AND TRANSLATIONS FROM FOREIGN PERIODICALS.

BY REV. C. C. STARBUCK, ANDOVER, MASS.

-The Rhenish Missionary Society complains that, for some reason or other, its COllverts in Bomeo are so decidedly inferior to the Mohammedans in industry as to be at a disadvantage in every way. Yet they are learning diligence in one way-they are showing increasing zeal in supporting their churches.

– The Maritime Presbyterian, in reference to the New Hebrides, says: " In regard to the heathen, our outlook was never anything like so hopeful as at present." But who" we" may be we are unable to say, as the magazine neither gives a place of publication, nor the name of the editor, nor tells of what church it is an organ; and the writer is not learned enough in the ecclesiastical affairs of the Dominion to know whether the maritime provinces have a Presbyterian Church of their own or not.

-The Spirit of Missions quotes Louis Agassiz: " Every friend of Brazil must wish to see its present priesthood replaced by a more vigorous, intelligent, and laborious clergy."

-The Missionary Reporter (M. E. C., South) says: "Last year the net increase of the membership of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, waR larger than the entire home membership of the Moravian Church; yet they have four times as many missionaries in the foreign field as are supported by Southern Methodists."

THE CONTINENT.

-The Amerzcan NcAll Record calls attention (as, curiously enough, the Catholic Irish Review had also done) to the fact that, out of the 600,000 Protestants of France, half the first Grevy cabinet were Protestants. They went out of office, if we remember right, rather than sanction the persecuting policy of the government toward the Catholics. The Protestants of France do not have divers weights and measures of religious liberty. The great Protestant who has just been called home was never wearied of lifting up his voice for Catholic rights, no less than Protestant, against atheistic malice. This shows French Protestantism to be of the true metal. The Huguenots were deeply tainted with the persecuting leaven, but they worked clear of it in the long school of suffering, and in the largeness of individual faith. Now, says the Record, "men with religious convictions, whether Catholic or Protestant, dare confess their faith, undeterred by fear of ridicule."

-The Record says: "The Universite de Paris (the organ of the Students' Association of Paris), the Figaro, the .Tournal des Debats, and the Temps have each asserted in their own way that French students as a whole have ceased to be Voltairians. There is an evident recoil from the fri volou8 scepticisms of the past, and a tendency tuward mysticism, although Dot toward Catholicism." Viscomte E. M. de Vogue shows that even in those schools which have been the citadels of irreligion, sympathetic investigation is taking the place of mere mockery. "Our predecessors," he says, "too ellsily threw aside an entire domain of ideas which they deemed anti-scientific,; but we must see." "In other words," says the Record, "French students are willing to read the credentials of Christianity j let us do our utmost to present them. "

-The Mission Populaire Evangelique, of Marseilles, has rendered its modest report, from which we see that it has at least nine branches of work, religiuus and charitable. It is interwoven, we do not exactly know how, with the McAll Mission, whose work it warmly commends to the support of its friends.

-The Bible sales have largely increased in Italy, though the sales of Bibles and New Testaments have diminished, owing to the increasing poverty of the peasantry, compelling them to take portions instead of the whole.

Also : "In entering into the missionary current a church lifts itself to the greatness of its vocation on the side of infinity. It knits anew the tradition of the grand apostolate, which has the world for its field and mankind for its object, lowering all the walls of partition. Nothing can be more invigorating than to breathe this air of the mountain-top, from which we survey the vastness of the world, provided we are borne aloft not by the fallen angel, and aspire to subdue to ourselves, but by the apocalyptic angel, who carries in his hands the everlasting gospel, that we may learn how to save it.

"Our mission has been, as it were, the supreme expression of our Protestant development. Scarcely has the religious awakening coma to pass which has followed our great national crises, when we see it originate spontaneously, so thoroughly is it a natural consequence of reillumined faith. It rallies all our living, which as yet form but a single aggregate; it is the time of joyous unanimity j no other question is asked but this, What must we do to be saved ~ What must we do to save that which is lost? All the churches, pastors, and laity are but one heart, one soul, one spirit.

" We ought to spare no pains to bring our brethr.en to see that the conquest of the world for Christ ought not only to take precedence of all earthly interests, but that it takes precedence none the less of the reorganiza- . tion of our forms of worship, of our ecclesiastical contests, of our theological quarrels. Indeed, what can so certainly restore life to our worship, to our churches, to our theology as to be simply obedient to the supreme command of our Great Captain by raising the gospel torch to serve as a lighthouse to those who are perishing in the darkness of heathenism, to carry the bread of life to those who lie dying of famine without God and without hope ?"-PROFESSOR KRUG"'l" Journal des Missions.

– " Doubtless the wonderful progress which French Protestantism has made during the past eighteen years would have been made sooner or later, in any case. The Spirit of God has been manifest in that church, inspiring and impelling it to a new and vigorous life. But its progress has been facilitated and in some degree directed by the work and example of Mr. McAll. He went before them with methods which to them were entirely new, and proved their practicability j more than that, he proved their fitness to the actually existing condition. He made evident the undreamedof fact that the mass of the people were waiting for a religion, ready to be taught, longing for they knew not what, but what the result has proved to be the Gospel of Jesus Christ. "-American McAll, Record.

-In two of the central halls of Paris the aggregate attendance for 1890 has exceeded that for 1889 by 24,300. AFRICA.

-The New York Evangelist gives the following account of the LiTingstonia Mission of the Free Church of Scotland. The first-fruits were seven young men and two young women. "These were recently followed by nine others, and these more recently by thirty-four, making a native church of fifty-two members, besides hundred~ of hopeful catechumens and inquirers of both sexes. All the converts are missionaries to their countrymen. Including these fifty-two, the number of natives teaching in the mission schools at the close of the year was 120, of whom seven were women; and the number of pupils on the roll was 3080, of whom 2422 were in attendance on a given day, besides the children in three schools at the north end" of Lake Nyassa.

-Bishop Smythies, of the Universities' Mission, seems to be a man of very broad and brotherly sympathies. His intimate friendship with the Presbyterians of Blantyre is a standing rebuke, not to High Church opinions, which he entertains, but to High Church arrogance. On the other hand, he gives an earnest warning that jf Protestants in Africa will insist more on the deep differences than on the deeper agreements between them and the Roman Catholics, " it will be impossible to avoid deadly feuds." In other words, he holds the language of Robert Leighton, of Thomas Chalmers, of Richard Baxter, of Philip Schaff, and of the editor of this REVIEW.

-The ])aily Graphic of February 11th, says the Ohristian, has a letter drawing a sharp contrast between the French city of St. Louis, in Senegambia, where the writer did not see a sign of intoxication, and the disgusting intemperance of the British possessions along thc coast.

-The Primitive Methodist Mission has a growing influence on the Spanish island of Fernando Po, but, unlike Ponape, is treated by the authorities with j~stice and toleration.

-Dr. Laws, in his special report of the Livingstonia Mission, besides an account of the medical, industrial, literary, and evangelistic work result- ing in a church of 53 members and 70 catechumens, adds: "The indirect results of mission work, though not so visible to a stranger, are none the less palpable to a resident in the country. Much of the faith in the efficacy of the Mwave poison has in some districts been broken down, petty wars are less frequent, and there is evidently a greater readiness to settle amicably the differences which often arise among them without recourse to the club and the spear, as formerly. Not that war has ceased or that quar- rels are infrequent, for snch is not the case; but there is a marked improve- ment upon the whole. Slaves are better treated, and more sympathy is shown toward sufferers, and help often given them. Work is sought after, '

and its wages oftener enjoyed by the laborer than in former days. '

" The nnion of the Reformed Dutch Church of South Africa with the Free and the United Presbyterian Churches of Scotland in Livingstonia is one in which we rejoice, and we trust that the proverbial ~trength of the threefold cord may be exemplified in the help of these churches thus happily sharing in a common work fraught with common difficulty, but with abundant scope for work in the future. Already the Reformed Dutch Church contemplates strengthening the contingent they have placed in the field, and Mr. Murray has localities in view where other helpers may be stationed. ' , The Livingstonia Mission has spread out from five centres, " while the populous village>! to the south and north of the head station, Bandawe, on the west shore of the lake, are being gradually annexed to the kingdom of Christ. "

-Really Lewanika, under whose regis the heroic Coillard and his colleagues are laboring on the Zambesi, is turning out a different king from Mwanga. This is what he writes to M. Coillard: "I am not afraid of a revolution; but if I remain alivll and king of this country, I must put a stop to witchcraft, robbery, fornication, and drunkenness." By witchcraft he doubtless means the pretence of magic artd, which is often fatal to its victims through their fears, at! well as through baleful drugs.

– " My heart is hungry for something, and I don't know what it is."- Words of a Congo Valley African, Church Missionary Gleaner.

-Central Africa for May has an interesting article, read at Oxford by Archdeacon Maples, on the relation of the Moral Law to the Idea of God among the East Africans, and the Bantus generally. It appears that these all, apparently in the pure use of logical deduction, have arrived at the distinct belief in the personal God, the Creator of all men and things. They do not worship Him, being singularly indevout, and seem to regard themselves as standing in no moral relation to Him. They have also a distinct, though neither deep nor wide, apprehension of the moral law, but" as human, not divine." Therefore they 4ave properly no sense of sin. Their belief in God and their belief in Right, having originated independently, have both remained stagnant. But when God, being personal, is presented to them as necessarily standing in a supreme moral relation to them as personal, their consciences, the archdeacon declares, never fail to respond affirmatively. And this awakening apprehension of Right and Wrong as being also Holiness and Sin is that which first gives fruitfulness and progressiveness to the previous immemorial stagnancy of their whole spiritual development.

-The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel has, in the hope of future conversi~:ms, obtained the erection of Mashonaland, between the Limpopo and the Zambesi, into a diocese. Matebeland, where the London missionaries are working, will not be mcluded in it.

-The Rev. James Parlane, writing of the Congo missions in the Missionary Record of the U. P. Church, says: "Another witness says, 'Of the members of these churches a very large percentage, considerably more than half, are persevering, energetic, aggressive Christian workers, such as put to shame the feeble and childish efforts of many Chlistians in our own land. To them, black men or white, Btate official of however high degree or slave of ever so mean a degradation, is either a ' son of God' or a ' son of the devil.' They know but two classes; and if you are not avowedly of the first, they immediately pronounce you to be of the second; • . . and then they present the gospel to you with all the eloquence and clearness of which their incomparable language is capable."

-Bishop Tucker has at last reached Uganda, after great sufferings. The ophthalmia, he fears, will eventually render an operation necessary. His letter of December 30th is published in the May Intelligencer. The biRhop says: "Truly, the half was not told me. Exaggeratioo about the eagerness of the people here to be taught there has been none. No words can describe the emotion which filled my heart as, on Sunday the 28th, I stood up to speak to fully 1000 men and women, who crowdEd the church of Buganda. It was a wonderful sight! There, close beside me, was the Katikiro, the second man in the kingdom. There, on every hand, were chiefs of various degrees, all Christian men, and all in their demeanor devout and earnest to a high degree. The responses in their heartiness were beyond everything I have heard even in Africa. There was a second service in the afternoon, at which there must have been fully 800 present. The same earnest attention was apparent, and the same spirit of devotion. I can never be sufficiently thankful to God for the glorious privilege of being permitted to preach to these dear members of Christ's flock."

The bishop was as unfavorably impressed with the king, as everyone else has been. But the teeth of the tiger have been drawn.

" I should say," remarks the bishop, "that such anotJ:1er open door does not exist in any other part of the world. And I should say, moreover, that in no other part of the world is there to be found a native church which is so disposed to support itself and its ministry as the church of Buganda. The land occupied by the missionaries is a gift from the peopie; the houses occupied by Messrs. Gordon and Walker were built for them by the Christians without any expectation of payment. And, to crown all, a large house of three rooms has been built for myself, and two amaller houses for the other members of my party. I have said that this crowns all, but it does not. Every day the Christians bring us food in such quantities that we have more than enough for sustenance. I do not expect it will be necessary for me to buy any food during the period of my stay here. The people are only too anxious to keep one here."

Since the bishop's arrival, the Roman Catholic and the Protestant Mission have held conferences, and have drawn out more fully the terms of the modus vivendi, mutually pledging themselves to see that it is thoroughly carried through, and that the scandal of contentions between the two forms of Christianity shall cease before the heathen.

The bishop has confirmed seventy persons, set apart six laymen as native evangelists, and advanced Messrs. Baskerville and Gordon from the diaconate to the priesthood.

– " In order to do justice to Mackay's real significance, we must go beyond his direct missionary work, and his technical and industrial achievements. What we must emphasize still more in his character are the fruitful thoughts which he casts into the discussion of the African problem, the grand points of view on which he insists for its solution, the glowing enthusiasm and indefatigable energy with which he interposes over against the IIpiritual and secular conquerors of Africa, for the healing of the woes of the Dark Continent." -C. BUSSE, Allgemeine MissionlJ-zeitschrijt.

-Zealous Christian young men of England seem to have their attention now strongly directed to the Central Soudan. We perceive from the Young Men's Magazine, the organ of the Y. M. C. A. of Newcastle-on- Tyne, that two Y. M. C. A. men have set oui on such ft mission. They are Hermann G. Harris, B.A., aged 30, and Edward White, under 20. Farewell services have been held in the former centres of Mr. Harris's Christian activity, at Bolton. Bath, London, Liverpool, and Weston. The two gentlemen have gone first to Tunis for preparation.

-The Women's Missionary Union of South Africa, closely connected with the Huguenot Female Seminary, which is a daughter of Mt. Holyoke, has affiliated with it twenty·five local societies, and supports eight workers in <Uf;terent parts of ~ol,ltb A,friQa. ~o~e are amon~ the Bechuanaa i SOIUQ are among the French brethren in Lessuto j and one, Madame Goy, is on the Zambesi.

.-The Sixty-first Report on Foreign Missions of the Free Church of Scotland remarks: "The postponement of a convention with the Portu- guese has interrupted postal and steamer communications. The free navi- I!ation of the Zambesi and Shire has, however, been secured, and a small British subsidy alone is required to make the Scottish settlements, mis- sionary and trading, in Zambesi and Nyassaland, independent of Portugal forever. "

-The Scottish Presbyterian, London Congregationalist, and Eng-lish Universities' Mission districts have been virtually formed into the consular colony of British Central Africa. Consul-General H. H. Johnston is first commissioner.

JAPAN.

-It appears that the German missionaries in Japan-personally most excellent men-occupy the extreme ground of the original Tiibingen . school, from which the great body of the modern critical school has far receded. But even·they are scandalized at some of the present tendencies of one wing of Japanese Christianity. Herr Munzinger is very apprehen- sive that it will bring over too much of its earlier paganism. "A single misstep now," says he, "might do incurable harm. . . , What could result from the endeavor to develop the Christian theology in connection with Buddhism and Confucianism ~ . . ' If youthful Christianity is not fully conscious of its essentially higher value above Buddhism, it will buy its seeming victory dear. At the present time it is not even advisable for Christianity so much as to ventilate the question of assuming a more con- ciliatory attitude toward Buddhism. Every word to that effect is inter- preted by the latter as weakness, and stimulates it to advance against the enemy with new courage and firmer confidence. The decisive conflict be- tween the two religions, which at this time is in its full heat, and is car- ried on by the Buddhists with the most passionate energy. would thereby take an unfavorable turn, and, in the best event, the vi~tory of Chris- tianity would be a good while postponed. Cold reserve is just now more suitable than affectionate coquetry." The Calw MonatsbliUter, from which we quote this, remarks: " We are glad to note that, in this respect at least, our countrymen see more clearly than some eminent ministers, who are blinded by self-confidence, national pride, and optimism."

-The noble impulse of patriotism seems likely to become, to a part of our Japanese brethren, as much a stone of stumbling as to Jewish Chris- tianity, a great fraction of which, perhaps the numerical majority, was ultimately led astray by national feeling to prune and pare its Christianity to such an extent as to leave in it scarcely anything that was distinctive of the Gospel.

-At the recent celebration of the tenth anniversary of Mr. Ischii's Orphan Hou~e, or rather of the church of which he is a member, warm expression was given to the sense of obligation felt toward the missiona- ries. This is described as exciting considerable surprise: but it does not appear that serious exception was taken to it. It will probably be some time yet before a Japanese Christian is actually put under thp, ban by his brethren for showing a measure of affection tow!lfd t1108e w40 brou~ht t11~ Gosrel to his land,

INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT

n.-INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT BDITlIID AND CONDUCTED BY BEv. 1. T. GRACEY, D.D.

The Oauses of the Disturbanoe in Ohina. try of China, and, to 80me extent, the political unit, too, of the masses as [EDITORIAL, 1. T. GRACEY, D.D.] against all order as well as against the party in power in the Government. It is with trepid9tion that we venture They were lawless, and terrorized the to treat of this theme. and our modesty several communities where they were would make us prefer that it were pre- found. A great number of them took to sented by some one in China at this the Yangtsi valley, and were to be found time; but our own resources are so in all its great cities. It would 8eem full, and are from so widely separated that this disturbing element would, districts, that it is not easy to indicate however, be limited to the one generato any writer just what ground they sug- tion. Strangely enough, it has not been gest to us as desirable to be covered. so. When men have died substitutes We therefore endeavor to summarize have been found for them, and the corsomewhat of the result of our own pa- rupt distribution of the pension fund tient study of the situation, without has gone on. So powerful had these burdening our article with naming our didcharged soldiers become, and so capavarious authorities. ble of fomenting trouble, it was not easy for the Government to arrest the A PENSIONED ARMY. oorruption of its: funds in this way. Tseng Kuo-chuan was at one time It seems not possible to set forth the directed by the empress dowager to reunderground agencies which have been duce this pension list. He said, as he at work in the fomentation of the recent had maintained before, that it was imdisturbances, without going back to the possible. After his death the central Taiping Rebellion. At that time the Government undertook the task, and Chinese Government called into the this became' the occasion of wide disfield an extra military force of a million satisfaction fomented by these men. or so of men. At the close of the war the soldiers were pensioned. '.chere SECRET SOCIETIES. were other courses open to the Government which wisdom would certainly Another important factor in this rehave suggested rather than this course. view is the secret societies of China. China had vast tracts of country unde- We are not a little surprised in. searchveloped, and it would have been in ac- ing through the best books on China cordance with modern statesmanship in within our command to find that this the West to have assigned to these sol- element of Chinese society is conspicudiers these tracts rather than a money ously absent from them. The most income. China had also great public prominent political secret society in works, on which these men might have China was the White Lily Society, which been profitably employed. Neither originated in Hupeh, and spread into course was taken, however. The pen- other States. It was a Buddhist vegeta. sioned army was dismissed with suffi- rian society, which read Buddhist books cient financial resource from the na- and avoided animal food. But designing tional treasury to keep them in idleness men admitted to it converted it into a if they so chose, and the most of them political sect. Besides the societies did so choose. They became a restless having a Buddhist basis there are the community, wandering over the coun- PlanchBtte Societies of the Red Light try, and loafing at the opium ilen·-that I'~d, tl1f;} White Li~bt-a awo.~ bfQthe/i' up-it Qf 111 tbe or~lUlill<eq V~Cf;} 1!nd, <levUhood of men, which [mayor may not be to resist the continuance of this recog- political. They are Taoist rather than nized corruption. It has, however, re- Buddhist. They cut off the head of a cently brought pressure to bear on it, cock and drink the blood mixed with with the result of stirring up the opwine on taking the oath of fellowship. position of these men to the adminis- They afe subject to organic direction as tration. This is held by some to be the to when they are to resist civil or polit- chief cause of the present outbreak. ical authority, whether expressed in the military or police power. They are or- A FOREIGN GOVERNMENT. ganized for mutual protection. They may be patriotic. It is well known that the present rul- ing house of the Government is of Tar- One of these non-Buddhist societies tar origin. There is diversity of opincomes in for a prominent place in the ion as to how far this is offensive to the study of the present situation. It is people of China. There are those who known as the Kolao Hui, and is a mili- represent that the people are bitterly tary organization, originally benevolent opposed to this foreign administration.' only. It is recognized as the most dan. Others think that the dissatisfaction is gerous of the existing sects. It consists more with the administration than with exclusively of soldiers. It is a pro- its nationality. The charge is made of scribed society, being esteemed a secret universal corruption among the official conspiracy. It was found extensively class. Whether, therefore, the nationamong the army of the time of the Tai- ality of the party in power is offensive ping war. In that army were a great or not, its unpopularity can easily be number of men from the province of made to centre in objection to it as for- Honau. They had a constitutional fond- eign-Manchu, not Chinese. There is ness for a roving, restless life. They certainly serious complaint against the were naturally a turbulent community. Government among a large part of the They won a name in the time of the re- people, even if the better class are not bellion, and are still known as the solid against the nationality of the " Honan Braves." They had, to a good Peking authorities, and whether the degree, saved the country. They have people as a whole are indifferent on the been the centre of disaffection. During subject or not. the recent disturbance in Foochow, on account of which missionaries re- FOREIGN COMMERCE AND DISPLACEMENT. moved to a place of safety at the mouth of the Min River, under advice of those As to the foreign European element, in authority, there were from two to it is the occasion of serious disturbance three thousand of these discharged of increasingly large parts of the com· Houan soldiers from the Yangtsi valley mercial and industrial classes. The present in Foochow, and about eight trade of the entire Yangtse valley has, in thonsand men from Honan under arms truth, changed hands. Foreign-built in the employ of the Tartar· general. A steamers have displaced the old Chinese number of the regular standing army junks, and this has thrown out of emhave joined the Kolao Hui. Thus the ployment a very large number of people, army on which the Government has to who have not found any other means of rely is itself sown with organized con- livelihood to compensate for the loss. spirators. These cannot be relied on to It is not easy in the interior of China to subdue any disturbance fomented by make a new adjustment of industries. the Kolao Hui. These men have been The people are conservative in their among the most earnest antagonists of habits and set in their industrial the reduction of the total bulk of the grooves. Displacing a class does not original pension fund. Government open a corresponding avenue for their pail therefore beeu wellnigh powerless toil speedily enough. Naturally these people fall into the ways of thinkin6 of those who antagonize foreign aggression. When we remember, therefore, that the Naturally they drift toward parties who organized Kolao Hui honeycombs it, it are disaffected toward the dynasty, is readily seen that insllrgents led by which has suffered if not fostered this members of that order, or with which foreign trade. Naturally they come to they are in sympathy, are not to be have a dislike to the foreign commercial carelessly confronted with threats on the traveller, who is now everywhere in the part of the Government. In the Taipinterior, pushing the products of foreign ing rebellion the Government found itfactories. Naturally they do not dis- self unequal to the task of snbdning the criminate as between classes of foreign- insurgents without calling on European ers, whether missionary, scientific, po- aid. There is no reason to believe they litical, or commercial, in their dislike to are more able to cope with any widewhat is foreign. This feeling is liable spread resistance to their authority at to be fanned into fanatical fllry by bad this time. A combination of all the men. It can be made Ilse of by illlCh an forces and circumstances which we have organization as the .. Honan Braves" or feebly set forth might therefore result the Kolao Hui, when they are them- in a formidable attempt to overthrow the selves ready to foment disorder by which dynasty itself. The Kolao Hui would they certainly hope to profit. delight in the opportunity for plunder and possible other advance of their for- SUPERSTITIOUS PREJUDICES. tunes, which this would open to them. Altogether it is easy to see that the peo- Now add to these combustible ele- ple are very feebly governed from the mentR the fact that the people are super- Imperial Yamen at Peking, and that stitious and ignorant about the habits dynasty itself may very readily come to and beliefs of foreigners, and it is easily be so dependent on European force as seen how these Kolao Hui, or the lead- to lead to the result in practical politics ers of disaffection toward the Govern- that the Chinese Government itself may ment, can rouse the people by appeal- exist at their will ; and another &stern ing to their ignorant sympathies. Some- Question may be about to be precipitated times they declare that the foreign into the heart of European politics. The building or telegraph wire interferes contmued existence of the empire itself with Feng Shui, that all-pervading sci- may come only to await the agreement ence of LucIe which permeates every among the great military powers of Eupart of the Chinese theory of 80cial as rope as to the manner of its partition well as religious practice. Sometimes among themselves. an appeal is made to the human sympathies, as has been done so extensively Missions to the Iberian Peoples. in this present disturbance, by declaring that the foreigners steal children, that J. M. CHALLIS, D.D., SANTIAGO, CHILI. they may obtain their eyes to send abroad to make medicine. In one case Iberia was the ancient name for the it is said that the rioters went into the peninsula of Spain and Portugal. From cemeteries and took the bodies of re- this peninsula have gone forth the milcently interred children and paraded lions who now occupy the West India with them on exhibition through the Islands, Mexico, Central and Sonth streets, affirming that they found them America. These peoples number some in the Roman Catholic Hospital. sixty millions of souls, and are all in countries where the Church of Rome THE IMPERIAL ARMY_ has dominated for many centuries. Un- happily for the development of religiolls Still further, to comprehend the whole and moral life, the impress made by the case, we must refer to the regnlar army. Church of Rome has not been in accord- It is said that it exists withal q nite too ance with the spiritual teaching of the largely only on paper and the pay.roll. Word of God, nor has it been after a Hence a Hottentot dressed in a rag, liv. very high order or type. ing in a grass hut, and eating food which to us is repugnant, is in far more In the matter of education, wherever need of the Gospel than could be a the schools have been under the control Spanish maiden dressed in the latest of Romish priests or of Jesuit fathers Parisian styles, living luxuriously in a the res~lts have been limited, narrow, beautiful home. But it should ever be and unsatisfactory, the chief aim being remembered that civilization is not to exalt the Church rather than to give Christianity, even though Christianity knowledge; to bind the student more is a chief cause and a large element in firmly under priestly power than to en. civilization. There are civilized heathen large and strengthen the intellect; to just as certainly as there are uncivilized make abject slaves of the hierarchy or barbarous heathen. rather than bring the aspiring learner to independence of thought, of feeling, The Iberian peoples are to a very large or of action. Only when pressed by lib- extent civilized-enlightened, if yon de· eral or by Protestant competition has sire the highest expression. When you there been any active effort to meet the consider dress, appearance, house ap. exigencies of the case, and then only to pointment, and many items of social the smallest possible extent. To-day life, especially among the upper classes, there is need of Gospel missions and of you at once say these things are all one Gospel schools among that entire popu- can desire. The lamentable fact which lation which may properly be called the should be emphasized, and which ap- Iberian peoples. peals to the Christian heart, is, these peoples are not evangelized. Such a We are accustomed to estimate the im· statement may seem to some a most portance and pressing need of any mis· damaging one to the Church which has sionary enterprise by the immensity of dominated these peoples these three the popUlation to which our attention is centuries, and which during all these called. Many denominations have mis- years has had undisputed and despotic sions here and there in South America sway in all these lands. This arrogant and in Mexico, and to the constituency Church has had unhindered opportunity of these missionary societies the work to apply, by all its boasted machinery, seems less pressing than that to Eastern the Gospel of Christ to the intellect end fields, simply because the number of in- heart of these submissive millions; and habitants in any single republic appears if the application has not been made, it comparatively small. But the true way must be either that a wrong work has to look at this matter is not at a small been attempted or that there has been a work among the few in Cuba or Guate. terrible criminal neglect. Those who mala or Chili, but to efforts as directed are familiar with the religious life of the to a vast number who speak the Span. Iberian peoples, whether revealed in ish and the Portuguese tongue, and that Madrid, in Mexico, in Rio Janeiro, or this vast work is one. When we plan in Santiago, uniformly testify that a for it, work for it, give to it, we should dead churchism is all that can be found plan, and work, and give with sixty mil. as the outcome of these centuries of lions of unevangelized men and women unobstructed domination. Those who as the object of OUf interest, our gifts, know the moral life of these peoples our efforts, and our prayers. testify that the beauty of innocency has departed, and that under the whited ex· Then, again, interest in any specific terior of fashion and style and elegance mission field is measured largely by the is the rottenness of vice and crime, degree of civilization of the people to which shows that conscience has been whom we go. The more degraded a foully debauched, and thatmoralst&nd. people are physically as well as morally, ards are gauged only by the world, the according to our standards of style and appearance, the more needy they are. :fiesh, and the devil. The priesthood we are disciples of Christ as well as immoral, corrupt, venal, and inactive in manufacturers, that we are missionaries promoting any moral or religious life of the cross as well as merchants, we among the people ; the better classes, shall not have fulfilled our whole duty. with many splendid exceptions, dissi· We should be as anxious to plant in pating, and in many cases grievously those lands the banner of the cross as sinning in velvet and broadcloth lind to establish business centres. We elegance; the lower classes, to a great should be as zealous to make known to extent, following the behests of a degrad. those peoples the fact of human redemp. ed appetite in homespun and COBrse at. tion as to tell them the story of onr tire and in unkempt surroundings. It American resources. We should be as must be said that while the general type eager to plant aU that immense region and trend of life is irreligious, and, ac. with Christian schools as to build their cording to American Christian stand· railroads and to open those vast rivers ards, immoral, yet in spite of bad exam· to American commerce. pIe, false teaching, and a corrupt priest. hood, there are some priests who are Until we have taken this view of onr pure and true in spite of their surround. responsibilities, and as honest disciples ings, and that among both upper and of Jesus Christ, and as genuine lovers lower classes are some who are better of our fellow·men have acted according. than their times, pnrer than their con· ly, we shall not have discharged our ditions wonld lead one to expect, and tremendous responsibility to millions worthy of all praise in their faithful of humanity who are our neighbors, effort to live above the prevailing type, and who are destined erelong to hold and to be noble and good in spite of the most intimate relations with our beloved hindrances which are so abundant and land. so strong. What may be true by excep· tion does not prevent the great fact that That we may adequately measure this the Christian Church needs to study vast work, let us place before us the im· with intense interest and consummate mensity of the region inhabited by the care the tremendous problem of evan· Iberian peoples, not to speak of Spain gelizing the Iberian peoples. and Portugal, since these countries are nearer our brethren in Great Britain; This mighty work interests Christianb although the American Board has mis· of Great Britain, who alroady have their sionaries there, let it be emphasized missions in Spain and Portugal. This that in the Western Hemisphere we vast work challenges the enthusiasm of have a region inhabited by these peo· American Christians of whatever organ. pIes equal to almost three times the size ized company, since the eyes of Ameri. of the United States. Mexico and Cen· can statesmen, manufacturers, and mer· tralAmerica have about 1,000,000 square chants look with peculiar interest to miles, South America has 7,250,000 Mexico and to'the republics of Central square miles, while the United States, and South America. We may plan for less Alaska, has but 3,400,000 square reciprocity, we may' subsidize steamers miles. In these countries are about and ships, we may endorse the canal 60,000,000 of souls, and toward these enterprise, we may prepare our sam· immense republics, especially in South pIes, we may establish business connec· America, a vast European immigration tions along the mighty rivers of South is tending. Before we shall be able ~rica and over her vast plains, we fairly to enter upon this tremendous may send our vessels to all ports, we work the population of these lands will may send our locomotives screeching be augmented by 50,000,000 more. It and puffing through all her wild fast. takes time to inform the mighty caval. nesses, but unless we remember that we cade of humanity now moving toward are Christians as well as statesmen, that her shores tbat the gates of the United States are being gradually closed. It

November

takes time to tell these restless hordes of all these countries should be consethat in the huge continent of South crated to God and not to Satan. It America the doors are opening wider means that the men and women and and wider to all who will come. It took children who are in these lands should many years to publish to the millions be taught the nature of that Gospel who have come to our shores what in- which will not keep them as slaves to ducements our great country offered an imbecile system, but will make them them. It will take years, though not so free men in Christ Jesus. It means that many, to tell those who are left behind those who are now there must be really how much greater and richer are the Christianized that they in turn may welnatural advantages South America offers come to Christian influences and condithem. Brazil had hardly declared her- tions the vast numbers whose coming is self a republic but thousands were ready so near. It means that the power of to leave the despotism and starvation of Divine truth shonld dominate the hearts the Old World and hasten to enjoy with of all, when the golden era dawns. It her the new-found freedom, to taste her means that these peoples should be led rich productions of fruit and grain, and to appreciate and possess the refined to bask in her welcoming sunshine, or gold of Divine riches better far than the rest under her luxuriant foliage. Brazil gold of Ophir, that they should know equals the United States in square miles. where to find the treasure hidden in a Already the immigration to the Argen- field, where can be secured the pearl of tine Republic is immense; and this coun- great price; how they can secure such a try is larger than the part of the United relation to Him who gives the corn and States east of the Mississippi River, and the olive, the silver and the gold, the every inch of it arable. With the Argen. emerald and the diamond, so as to betine, the other republics make an aggre- come sons and daughters to a King, and gate of square miles equal to the entire may possess not garments of silk and United States south of Canada, and the fine wool, but the robe of Christ's rightwhole is either available for agricultural eousness, and may not only become citipurposes or is rich in mineral wealth. zens of grand republics, but may be Mexico and Central America are begin- crowned as kings and priests unto God. ning to be known, and these contain a million or more square miles. Already To-day Brazil and the Argentine Remen of energy and foresight are seeking public, and Chili, Colombia, Mexico and out the more favored localities, and Central America, and Cuba are all open these lands will soon be as well under_ to Gospel preaching in churches and stood as our own States. Gospel instruction in schools. Peru is on the eve of unbarring the doors, so In all these republics are mUltiplying long closed by ignorance and superstiall active influences for a mighty devel- tion. Bolivia will soon follow in removopment. Railroads are in process of ing every legal obstruction to evangelical construction which will unite the three effort, and in due time Equador, the only Americas in bonds not only of steel, but country absolutely faithful to the papal of peace, fellowship, and brotherhood. see, will cast off her chains, and to the Capital from England and from America representative of the Gospel, to the is flowing into these lands, and the Word of God, will say, "Come in, thou mighty resources of the richest parts of blessed of the Lord; why standest thou the whole earth are about to be placed without ?" Across the sea Spain and in the hands of whoever will go and Portugal, the prolific fountain-head of take them. all these peoples, bids messengers of Christ enter and abide. Sixty millions And what does all this mean? Busi· of people now wait your coming, oh, ness, prosperity, wealth, comfort, lux- ~erald of the cross, and before your ury to many, yes; but it means vastly voice has penetrated the busy haunts of more. It means that the mighty wealth

INTERNATIONAL Dll:PARTMENT

present activity, sixty millions more, cheapness of American literature would from all nations under the sun, will have come to those favored lands, will be like the multiplied loaves from the have there established their homes, and will need your ministrations. hand of Christ as He fed the multitude Now is the time to send the preacher in the wilderness., of glad tidings and gather the people into the fold of Christ, and to instruct Sixty millions of people is no insig. the children in piety and truth. nificant constituency for some ambi- Now is the time to establish Christian schools in all the busy marts and in all tious and Christian publishing house. the widely scattered hamlets; now is the time to give a Christian education A Spanish or Portuguese edition of St. to those who are soon to be the men and women of action. The purpose of NicholaR, or of any of our beautiful illus. all this work ill to make homes of godli. ness, to purify business and social life trated magazines, not to speak of a refrom its false principles, and from all that is opposed to good morals, and to production in those languages of some permeate the public life with the reo straining and elevating power of that of the very beautiful, pure, and ele. wisdom that cometh from above. Now is the time to introduce into all these vating secular literature of our day, lands a Christian literature which, like the light of the morning sun, will scat· would be a blessing of untold value to ter the miasmas of ignorance and vice, and put in its place the pure air of those millions who are hungry for any truth, which, as it touches the brows of the youth, will preserve the bloom of kind of intellectual food, but who are innocence and give the strength of spiritual health. Oh, that some of our now largely supplied with the poison of great publishers could see the tremen· dous opportunity not only to establish error and with the death.giving pabu. a grand business, but to do an infinite amount of good in providing a pure lum of lowest vice. literature for sixty millions of the Iberiltn peoples! Poorly supplied now with The Iberian peoples wait the kindbooks that are costly for the poorer classes, abundantly supplied now with ness of American Christians. Business books that are full of error and im. morality, these peoples are hungry for men of Germany, of France, and of Eng. any intellectual food, because just be. ginning to taste the pleasures of educa. land are trying to introduce their prod· tion. Millions just learning to read! They have been starving for genera. ucts ; but from none of these landl are tions. Intellects have been dwarfed and repressed by Jesuitical restrictions missionary efforts put forth to save and and by the conditions which the Rom. ish Church has forced upon them. But elevate these peoples excepting in old now has come the hour of awakening. The new appetite is omnivorous, and Spain and Portugal, where British the devil is busy with his sweetly put poison. Good books of the quality and Christians, as ",ell as the American Board, are doing missionary work.

Americans are seeking by treaties, by plans for quick and cheap intercom· munication, to secure a part of the trade of these republics, and to American Christians has by a common consent been left the mighty work of evangeliz- ing these vast republics south of the United States, and of preparing influ- ences which shall receive and transform into good citizens the millions who are in the next half century to crowd in upon those nations now so ill prepared to receive them. .

So while we are seeking as Americans to secure commercial advantages, let us remember that in no way can we better discharge our neighborly responsibility and our duty to God than by respond.

ing to the opportunities God is opening to us by supplying these peoples with the elements of prosperity which have done so much for our land, and by help.

ing these peoples to the moral elements of a Christian citizenship. Let us take care lest. in our effort to secure the populous empire. At least that is as wealth that may come from closer na- we see it now.

tional and business relations without giving them of our precious spiritual JOINT PROCLAMATION OF THE TARTAR GENERAL HSI, AND THE VICEROY PmN. treasures. we take to ourselves a cancre that will eat and corrode rather than On the 6th day of the 6th moon of the bless. 17th year of Kuanghsii, we received a Then let American Christians push despatch from the Tsungli.Yamen to their Master's business among the Ibe- the following effect : rian peoples with a greater zeal than the " On the 7th day of the 5th moon of American manufacturer, business man, the 17th year of Kuanghsii, this Yamen or statesman shall push his schemes for memorialized the Throne re the fre· personal gain or for national aggrandize- quency of Church questions in the vari- ment. ous provinces and praying that ~trin· gent orders should be sent to the Vice· The Ohinese Government ana Ohristian roys and Governors to take prompt Missions. [J. T. G.] action. The Privy CmIDcil have this day received an Imperial Decree run- We have been favored with a copy in ning thus :" Chinese of the Edict of the Tartar General of China and the Vice.Emperor of " We have received a memorial from the Empire concerning the crisis in that the Tsungli-Yamen in reference to the country created by the uprising of cer- frequency of Church questions in the tain persons of " the baser sort." It is various provinces and praying that strinfortunate for our apprehension of it that gent orders should be issued to the Viceit is accompanined with a translation roys and Governors to take prompt into English, which we' now present to action. It is stated therein that some our readers. It is held in China to be time in the 4th moon of the present the most favorable State paper ever is. year, Churches at Wuhu, Anhui provsued in that country concerning foreign. ince, were burned down by mobs; ers and Christians, that at Tanyang district, Kisngsu, prov- ince, and at Wusueh, Hopek province, Apart from the immediate status of Churches were also destroyed in succesthe case, this is an historic document of sion ; that these villains should be at great interest and importance, and many once apprehended and stringent measwill be glad to have it preserved in this ures of precaution should be promptly form for future reference. It is certain· taken. It is provided in the treaties ly important as an index of the hold that foreign mispionaries may propagate Christianity has on the situation. There will be no real set.back to West· their religions. In Our previous Dpcree, ern influence owing to this movement, We ordered the provincial Authorities as this proclamation commits the Gov. ernment to the defence of Christians, to afford them protection at all times. both native and foreign. If it is ahle to For many years, Chinese and foreigners execute its own decrees it will be com_ have lived side by side in harmony. pelled to do so, and if unable, then it How is it that only recently, cases of burning and destruction of Churches have arisen (almost) simultaneously. This is really very astonishing. Evi- dently, there must have been principal perpetrators secretly plotting to secure accomplices and disseminating false rumors to unsettle the minds of the peo.

pIe, with a view to seizing an oppor- tunity to commit plunder. The worst is that even innocent people who had hitherto been peaceably attending to will be obliged to resort to forpign as- their duties were enticed to become their sistance as it did in the Taiping rebel. accomplices. Their actions brought lion, and thus come still more under about pregnant cases. Should these obligation to the foreign powers. In people be not rigorously dealt with, how either case. therefore, the result must can the majesty of the law be mainbe, on the whole, an advance of West· tained and the community enjoy tranern influence and increased opportunity quillity. for Christian work in that vast and "We now command the Viceroys of Liang-kiang and Hukuang and the Gov- ernors of Kiangau, Anhui and Hopeh at once, to direct proper officials, civil and Christians discriminatingly; and even military, to have the principal criminals if the Christians are guilty of unjust or arrested, and when tried and found lawless acts, let the people appeal to the guilty, decapitated as a warning for the authorities and await trial. When right future. The religions of the Weste::n and wrong are brought to the light, laws nations aim at teaching people to do will be duly administered.

good, and though people become adher- It has ever been our way to exercise ents of the religions, they are still Chi- our most unbiassed judgment, and when- nese subjects and continue to be sub- ever cases of lawsuits between the ordi- ject to tl>.e authority of Chinese offi- nary people and the Christians are re- cials. There is no reason why the' ported to us by our subordinates we al- Christians and the Non – Christians ways judge equitably and never in the shOUld not be able to live in harmonv least side with anyone party. Of late and the sole caUBe of the trouble may years they have got along fairly well; be attributed to lawless elements in. From and after the issuance of this venting groundless. stories in order to proclamation, let the people break off gain 0. chance to create disturbances. their further prejudices against, and be Such evil characters are everywhere to on friendly terms with the Christians.

be found. Do not give a ready ear to floating re- .. We hereby command the Tartar ports and wantonly cause trouble, thus Generals, Viceroys and Governors of incurring severe punishment. Injuring the various provinces to issue procla- others is to injure yourself, and repent- mations of notification warning the peo- ance will come too late, etc.

ple against giving ready credence to such idle reports and wantonly causing trouble. In case there be any evil·dis_ posed persons making anonymous placards and fabricating stories to excite the A Thousandfold More }fission Work people, no time should be lost in insti- Needed.

tuting strict and secret inquiries and Mrs. Isabella Bird Bishop has for two apprehending and severely punishing them. The local officials must at all years past been making a tour of mis- times protect the persons and property sions in Asia. Beginning with the of foreign merchants and missionaries Keith..Falconer Mission at Sheikh Othand not suffer them to be disturbed or mann, Arabia, she passed on to India, harmed by evil characters. and thence to Kashmir, where she spent " Should the precautionary measures not be sufficiently stringent, and dis- three months. She visited the devoted turbanoes be the outcome, let the local Moravian missionaries in Thibet, of authorities be severely denounced and whose work she says "we hear so litcashiered. tle, and who need our pTayers so much."

•• We also command the Tartar Gen- erals, Viceroys and Governors to take Her tour through Persia intensified prompt measures for dealing with and her convictions .. of the absolute need of closing all outstanding cases and not to increasing missionary qJort a thousandallow their subordinates to shrink from old. ' , She says: •• Just think; from diiD.culty and delay the settlement. We proclaim this for general information." Karachi to Bagdad, among the populous "Having communicated with the various foreign ministers at Peking, this cities and villages of the Persian Gulf, Yamen has now respectfully copied out of the TigriR and Euphrates, throughout the a.bove Decree for your observance." Arabia, throughout south and southwest Besides sending separate instruc- Persia, not a missionary! From Bag. tions to our suboTdinate officials, civil and militaTY, ordering them to act in dad to Teheran-almost the most popuobedience thereto, we deem it proper to )ous district of Persia-'not a mission- immedia.tely proclaim this to you, so}. ary! The great oasis of Feraghan at 0.

dierli and people under our jurisdiction. height of 7000 feet; with 680 villages Know ye that the adherents of the Christian reli~ion are also Chinese sub- craving. medical advice, never visited, jects and continue to be amenable to scarcely mapped! Then Juifa and the jurisdiction of the local authorities. Ham"dan, with their few wOTkers, al.

In case of lawsuit, the merit of the case most powerless to itinerate, represent alone, and not the condition of per- the work of the Chur.ch for the remain. sons, is to be considered. Christians der of PeTsia! Two million nomads and non· Christians are to be treated alike. The people must not look on the never touched." .

EDITOlUAL NOTES ON CtlRRENT TOPICS

III.-EDITORIAL NOTES ON CURRENT TOPICS.

The following is an extract of a letter himself may justify the hope that un- ceasing prayer may be offered in his berecently received from Rev. H. C. Velte, half that, in undertaking this great of Lahore, India: work of preaching to a congregation LA.HORE, PUNJA.B, INDIA., July 7,1891. singularly prepared by affliction and prayer for the sowing of the seed of the The editor of the MISSIONARY REVIEW kingdom, he may have a special anointwill have heard of the death of Rev. ing. For months daily supplication has John Newton, in Merrel, India, on July been offered for Mr. Spurgeon at the 2d. Tabernacle, and the whole people are in a very receptive frame; there is every " He was the oldest missionary of the indication of a great harvest. Will not Presbyterian Church, and the oldest the reader follow the writer of these lines missionary in India, having come to with devout and daily prayer, and ask India in 1836, and havbg been in mis· for Mr. Spurgeon himself full recovery sionary service for fifty·six years. and rapid restoration to his accustomed spheres of work with voice and pen? The Lahore station was opened by him immediately after the Punjab had ARTHUR T. PIERSON. been annexed by the British Government, and here he labored to the end A Solemn League and Oovena.nt. of his life. He died in his eighty.first year. These are days of alliances-alliances for prayer; the Anti.Opium League, A Personal W0rd. Personal Purity Covenant, organized opposition to rum, to tobacco, to Sun· Before this number reaches the read- day papers, and Sunday travel, etc. We er, the editor-in·chief expects to be on have recently heard of an organization the ocean, if not in London. By a in Great Britain whose members bind strange series of peculiar providential themselves each day to perform some lowly act in helping those who have the leadings, he has been guided to respond drudgery of life as their portion-to to a cordial invitation from Pastor help some burden-bearer with his load, sweep a crossing, drive a cart, saw a log, Spurgeon and his church officers to lay a wall-or in some other way iden. come and preach in the Metropolitan tify one's self with the honest Bons of Tabernacle for a few months, during the toil. From what threatened to be his convalescence of the beloved pastor. dying bed, the valiant soldier, Charles H. Spurgeon, dictates a solemn league No reference would be made to the and covenant to his brethren scattered matter here, but that it is perhaps due throughout the wide world, which is to the readers of the REVIEW to know meant to unite all who believe in the that. in the absence of the chief editor, full inspiration of the whole Bible, and there will be every provision made for in the old truths from which so many the proper supervision of this important are now departing, in one brotherhood work. Any communications for the first of closer affiliation ; and it is a sublime department, the Literature of Missions, document; it sounds like Paul the aged may be sent direct to Rev. A. J. Gar· writing from prison cell in Rome. We don, D.D., 182 West Brookline Street, venture to reproduce it here. Boston, Mass. Anything pertaining to the International Department to Rev. " Impelled by concern over increasing J. T. Gracey, D D., 161 Pearl Street, changes and defecthns among their Rochester, N. Y. And any Statistical brethren, and by the absance of any ao. Reports, Reports of Societies, etc., to Rev. D. L. Leonard, Bellevue, Ohio. The address of the editor.in.chief, until further notice, will be Metropolitan Tabernacle, Newington, London, England.

The editor announces this providential call in these pages, in hopes that the tie formed between the readers and cepted formulas of belief in their de- union. Yet, if there be any power in nomination, the Rev. Charles H. Spur. such close association, we know no rea· geon and other leading Baptist ministers son why it should not be utilized in reo in England recently drew up and signed spect to missions. It is manifest that the following confession of their faith, if this work of a world's evangelization which is being extensively circulated is to be accomplished, it must be, not for signatures: by dependence on the great body of church.members, but on the church " • We, the undersigned, banded to· within the Church, the .. soven thougether in fraternal union, observing sand" who have not bowed the knee to with growing pain and sorrow the the Baal of this world. So long as we 100Rening hold of many upon the truths judge the available force of the ChU!'ch of revelation, are constrmned to avow by numerical standards we deceive ourour firmest belief in the verbal inspira- selves. No calculations as to the numtion of all Holy Scripture as originally ber of workers who can be obt,ained, given. To us the Bible does not merely or the amount of money which can be contain the Word of God, but is the collected, can be other than misleading Word of God. From beginning to end so long as the church·rolls are the basis we accept it, believe it, and continue to of calculation. No one can deny that preach it. To us the Old Testament is millions of bad fish have been caught in no less inspired than the New. The the great drag.net, and that the tares book is an organic whole. Reverence are growing conspicuously and plentifor the New Testament, accompanied fully in the wheat field. by scepticism as to the Old, appears to us absurd. The two must stand or fall But there is a remnant, according to together. We accept Christ's own ver· the election of grace. Why should not dict concerning "Moses and all the that remnant draw closer and come to a prophets" in preference to any of the mutual understanding? Why should supposed discoveries of so·called higher not the Church of God learn what pro· criticism. portion of its members are really ready to receive aud obey the Lord's last com- … We hold and maintain the truths mand, and live as under some practical generally known as .. the doctrines of sense of obligation either to go, or send grace." The electing love of God the Bome one who can and will go, to the Father, the propitiatory and substitu' unsaved souls of heathendom? Just tionary Ilacrifice of His Son Jesus Christ, now these more consecrated livers and regeneration by the Holy Ghost, the im. givers are often met at the conventions putation of Christ's righteousness, the of believers, where the Word is studied justification of the sinner (once for all) and a higher type of piety is urged. by faith, his walk in newness of life and And they make these conventions what growth in grace by the active indwelling they are in power and interest. They of the Holy Ghost and the priestly in. give grandly when the Lord asks for tercession of our Lord Jesus, as also the money. At Niagara Conference, for some hopeless perdition of all who reject the years past, thousands of dollars have Saviour, according to the words of the been poured into the missionary treasu. Lord in Matthew 25 : 46, " 'rhese shall ries by a few humble givers, most of go away into eternal punishment," are, whom are poor in this world's goods. in our judgment, revealed and funda· At a recent meeting of believers at the mental truths. Our hope is the per· seaside, Pastor Simpson, of New York, sonal, premillennial return of the Lord received $30,000 for his independent Jesus in glory. mission work. At Keswick Convention, in Britain, not only have large offerings Signed ,. C. H. SPURGEON, A. G. been made to the Lord's work by a com- BROWN, J. DOUGLAS," and others. paratively few perlilQUIl, but from tbv.t It is possible, of course, to place undue relillnce on ft UOmillftl bond of annual gathering have issued some of evening in the Metropolitan Tabernacle, the most inspiring and aggressive move- London, in behalf of C. H. Spurgeon, ments ever known in modern mission which, at the date of this writing, are in work, and in that most self-sacrificing of the eighth or ninth week of their con· all labor, the work in the slums of our tinuance. No wonder if, as Spurgeon great cities. says, he could not die -the prayers of his people would not let him die. What The Church of God, corrupted as it if God, angels, and men could see the is by worldliness and formalism, con- Church assembled daily for prayer from tains the saints of C}od-those who live seven o'clock A.M. to nine o'clock P.M., nearest to Him in holy love and walk; asking God to raise up and to thrust and if, instead of being separated from forth laborers, enlarge the liberality of e" ,h other, and so unconscious of the His people, open all closed doors, and deep sympathy and wide extent of this enable His Church to complete the carfellowship, they could be brought into rying of the Gospel to every creature! contact, and, above all, conference, what Who dares to doubt that grand results results might not issue! Why should would follow, the like of which liave not some closer compact bind those dis- never yet been seen! ciples who feel the privilege and power of intimate walk with God-to whom Many of God's people who may not the last command of Christ is all-im- join Mr. Spurgeon in his Calvinistic portant, and who arB ready both to give views, are ready to join in an agreement and pray, to go if God permit, or help of prayer to carry out some such solemp. to send if they cannot go? Suppose confession of duty, faith, and privilege that in the thirty or forty millions who as the following: are on the roll of Protestant churches there are thirty or forty thousand who •• We, the undersigned, deeply feeling would unite in daily and definite prayer, the reproach and dishonor of the at a certain hour, for the immediate Church of God in the long neglect of evangelization of the world, for a new the perishing millions of our race, and display of pentecostal grace and power, in the selfish hoarding and spending of for a new advance to the very outposts money which has been committed to of the globe; who would undertake to disciples as stewards; and painfnlly live a self-denying life, and give all they conscious that unbelief has led to the can save or spare from their reasonable still worse neglect of believing prayer wants to the spread of the kingdom ; in behait of a world's evangelization, do, who would offer their children to mis- in the name of Jesus, declare our deep sions, as Hannah gave Samuel; who conviction that it is the duty and priviwould covenant to live, without regard lege of the disciples of Christ to bear j;o the prevailing low type of piety, a the Gospel message to the whole race of biblical life-from such a band of men man with all possible promptness; that and women what new power might be every believer is responsible before God going forth! For ourselves, of nothing for the carrying ont of our Lord's last this side of God do we feel a greater command; that the avenues of self-in_ need than of this close contact and con- dulgence shonld be closed that we may verse with those throughout the world have the more to give to those that who feel the need of a new obedience need; that we ourselves should be ready to the whole spirit of the last commis- to go wherever we are sent, and to send sion. Can anyone help us to attain others where we may not go; that our this oloser bond? children should be consecrated, from the womb, unto God's service, and en- No more sublime spectacle has been couraged to cherish the spirit of mispresented to the world since apostolic sions. And we are especially impressed days than the daily prayer-meetings, ihat ilaily and believing prayer should coutinued fl"o~ e~ll ~ol"ninl;l to lat~ be o~efed fOf t:ie speedl eVln8eli2<at~oll of this world £ond the coming of the While the baron gracefully compli. kingdom of God. We believe it is the. ments Mr Carnegie for his benefactions privilege of all true believers to implore of "libraries, green parks, beautiful God for the speedy outpouring of His churches," etc., he prefers, for himself, spirit in a world-wide pentecost of to devote his wealth to the alleviation power. of suffering. He says: "And in this faith we do solemnly .. In relieving human suffering I never undertake, in holy agreement before ask whether the cry of necessity comes God, however widely separated from from a being who belongs to my own . each other, to meet each other at the faith or not; but what is more natural throne of grace in the early morning than that I should find my highest pur- hours of each day in earnest and im- pose in bringing to the followers of portunate prayer." Judaism, who have been oppressed for a thousand years, who are starving in Will not those who wish to join such misery, the possibility of a physical and an alliance send on their names? moral regeneration ?-than that I should try to free them, to build them up into A blunder in the October issue of this capable citizens, and thus furnish REVIEW, in some unaccountable way, humanity with much new and valuable placed at the head of the Monthly Con. material ?" cert matter, on pages 786-90, the name of J. T. Gracey, D.D. This part of, our This benefactor of his race begins at recent issue was contributed .by our as- the right end, and seeks, first of all, to sociate editor, Rev. D. L. Leonard, and make a new manhood, to change a tramp should have been credited to his accom· and a dependant and a consumer into a plished and versatile pen. man and a producer and a supporter, and so to prepare the way for the recon- Baron Hirsch has come to the front, structed man himself to reconstruct his and, in the Newth American Review, pre. surroundings. Baron Hirsch has learned sents his" Views on Philanthropy." A that the environment does not make the man that is perhaps the most munifi- man-he makes his environment, or cently liberal of all modern givers· has may, at least, modify it. 8, right to be heard on the philosophy of gIvmg. He modestly but positively Baron Hirsch's hopes as to success are puts forth his opinions. His funda- stimulated by the fact that several hun- mental proposition is very close akin to dred Russian Jewish families of wan- the doctrine of Christian stewardship, dering tradespeople, exiled to the Ar- and if practically adopted would over- gentine Republic some years ago. have turn completely the modern system-·or become thrifty farmers. "who with rather lack of system-in benQvolence. plough and hoe know how to farm as well as if they had never done anything ,. It is my inmost conviction," says else. They layout their farms in the the baron, "that I must consider my- best manner, and build themselves such self as only the temporary administrator pretty little houses that every one in the oj the wealth I have amassed, and that it vicinity employs them as carpenters in. is my duty to contribute in my own way house building. ,. In devoting himself to the relief of the suffering of those who to the same line of work, he feels cer- are hard pressed by fate. " He contends tain that" he who frees thousands of his that the old system of almsgiving only fellow·men from suffering and an op- makes so many more beggars ; and that pressed existence, and helps them to the greatest problem in philanthropy is become useful citizens, does a good .. to make human beings, who are capa- work for all humanity." pIe of work, out of those who otherwise must become paupers; and in this way The New York Times, September 11th, gives the details as follows: to c~eate useful w.e~bera of aociet;r." "lJafon Hirac4'li m~niii.ce~t licl1e~~ takes the form of a limited liability ing buildings, etc. The rest is to be company, called' The Jewish Coloniza-, applied to expenses of transport, and tion Association,' registered, the office otherwise to assisting emigrants.

of which will be in London. Its nom- Moneys not in active use will be invest- inal capital is £2,000,000, in 20,000 ed in public securities of England, shares of £100 each. Of these, Baron France. Belgium, Holland, Germany, or Maurice de Hirsch subscribes to 19,990. the United States. The governing body Seven Hebrew gentlemen are named in will be a Council of Administration, the articles as owning one share each- consisting of from three to six men, who Lord Rothschild, Sir Julian Goldsmid, need not necessarily be members of tho Earnest John Cassel, F. D. Mocatta, and company and who will be elected for Benjamin Louis Cohen, all of London, fi ve years. These will have no salaries, and Salomon Reinach and S. H. Gold. but will have their actual expenses.

schmidt of Paris. This leaves three This council will appoint directors, shares unallotted, and doubtless these three or less in number."

will be offered to representatives of the United States and Germany. The ob- There was a curious scene in St. jects of the association are : to assist the Paul's Cathedral, London, one Saturday emigration of Jews from countries in. afternoon not long since. A large con- Europe and Asia where they are sub· gregation, chiefly Jews, assembled under jected to special taxes and disabilities the dome to hear the Rev. GOl'don Cal· to other parts of the world, and estab. throp on "The Jewish Question." lish colonies in North and South Ameri. Converted and unconverted Jews minca for agricultural and commercial pur. gled in the audience, and joined at the poses. No colonies will be attempted close in singing the hymn" 0 praise our in Europe. The association takes to it. great and gracious Lord." self full rights to carryon trade, com- merce, and all industrial operations which may facilitate the objects of the Apologies for self-indulgence are hi company; to purchase property, nego. many and as specious as channels for tiate securities, etc. The whole prop. personal gratification are varied. Re- erty of the company and the income ferring recently to the deoease of a cer· arising from it are consecrated solely to tain lady worth forty millions of dollars, the work in view. None of it can ever whose life work and practical monument be taken, directly or indirectly, as a has been the erection of a sumptuous dividend or bonus. If upon the wind. and palatial residence which rivals the ing up or dissolution of the company royal homes of the Old World for mag.

any property remains, it is not to be nificence and munificence of outlay, distributed among the members, but the editor of a leading religious journal transferred to some other Jewish insti- remarks that if, in her dealing with the tution with similar objects, for the hundreds of workmen and skilled arti- benefit of the Jewish community resid- sans of America and from Europe, whom ing out of Europe and needing pecuniary she has employed, she has been consid.

aid. In the event of such dissolution erate and generous, her life and fortune all persons who at the time hold lands have not, perhaps, been wasted.

granted them or their predecessors in This reminds us of a pretext for this title by the company shall be released kind of self·indulgence which is becom· from further obligation of annual or ing more and more common. We had other payments to the company, and a friend who, like Mrs. Searles-Hop· the same is tru8 of those to whom ad- kins, built a palatial residence, and fur· Tances have been made. Not more than nished it with' all the comforts, con- half of the capital is to be applied to veniences, and luxurious appointments aclI!uirin~ propertr, buyinS lands, erect· which Illoder~ l!O~II:QO~ and art! co~- joined with vast wealth lavishly expend- spirit of Christ is to displace the spirit ed, could procure. And be was wont to of evil. say that all this vast expenditure was .. putting just so much money into poor A Jewish mission has been begun in men's pockets." New York City, under the City Mission' and Traot Society, at De Witt Memorial Grant it-that this keeps money in Churoh 280 Rivington Street, and Her. circulation which otherwise would lie mann Warszawiak has come from Eu. in coffers or in safety-deposit vaults; rope to take charge of it. On the Satur. grant it-that thus workmen are em. day in August, when the first chief meet. played and kept in food and raiment. ing was held, the chapel was not only What of the influence of such lavish filled, but many could not get inside, expense on the man spending? Is his and the earnestness of the Jewish listen. motive the helping of poverty and mis- ers was remarkable. The sermon was ery to a competency and a life of com· from Jeremiah 6: 16, as fulfilled in fort and happiness, or is it his own in- Matt. 11: 28-30. Many of the Jews dulgence of the lusts of the flesh, the present expressed willingness to follow lnsts of the eyes, and the pride of life? Jesus to get rest. Mr. Warszawiak Is this wholesale expenditure; that ends wishes to establish a " Home for Jews," onone's own home and its appointments, and some $500 toward the $3000 reo calculated to restrain and repress that quired have been subsoribed and paid. self-indulgence or give rapid develop- John Wilkinson, whose work in Lond{ln ment to that selfishness which needs is well known in the so-called" Mild. only to be fed to become gigantic and may Mission to the Jews," has presented monstrous and despotic! 20000 New Testaments in Hebrew and J;dica-German, and offers to pay for Balzac in his "Peau de Chagrin," their distribution in the United States. has used the myth of the magic skin as On this new effort to provide a GOSp61 the basis of a fiction not without a refuge for the poor perseouted convert· moral. This skin confers on the wearer ed Jews and Russian refugees, all of the power to gratify every wish and Q:od's dear children will de…outly in. whim; but with every such indulgence voke a blessing. the skin closes more tightly about the wearer, until he is hopelessly and fatally Rev. Robert Steel, D.D., of North embraced in the very means of his own Sydney, N. S. W., adds It note sup. gratification. We do not hesitate to say plemental to the letter .published in that of all the means whereby the best July last, p. 560, as to the mission to the impullles in us are quenched and the aborigines of Australia in Northern worst strengthened, we do not believe Queensland : anyone influenoe is for rapid and sure results equal to simple self·gratification. " The Federal Assembly of the Pres· To say, of all things, that I want to byterian churches of Australia:. which have or to do, 'I will have this' or' I will met at Brisbane, Queensland, m July, do this,' and to have the means to carry appointed two missionaries to labor out the selfish wish, is the most danger- among the aborigines. They were se· ous of all possibilities. It develops lected by the United Bret~ren o~ Herrn. oftentimes a monster of sel:qshness; hut, in Saxony, and arnved ln Mel" and the wisest of the wealthy recognize bourne in July. They are at present the peril, and antidote it by abundant under the care of the Rev. F_ A. Hage. cbarities and self denials unknown to nauer who has labored for more than the world. The rioh as well as the poor thirtyyears among the aborigines of Vic. may bear the oross after Christ, though toria, and who is able to give the new the spheres of self-renunciation may be missionarips valuable counsel. The different; but there must be self-denial Federal Assembly appointed two of its mernbers-Rev. Andrew Hardie, Conand self.abnegatioll 1I0meh.ow if th.e veller cit the ltijijllio&:l OOIDlIlittee, a&:Id

THE MONTHLY CONCERT OF MISSIONS

Rev. Samuel Robinson, both of Mel- sympathies and prayers of all interested bourne-to proceed to the proposed site in the welfare of the aboriginal races. for the mission and to inspect it. They The celebrated missionary of the New had an interview with the head of the Hebrides, Dr. J. G. Paton, was present Government, the Hon. Sir Samuel at the Federal Assembly in Brisbane, and delivered an address on the mission. Griffith, K.C. M.G., who promised all necessary aid in the matter of reserves, " The missionaries to the Queensland rations, and clothing for the blacks; aborigines are the Rev. J. G. Ward, an but the Church would have to pay the ordained minister, and Mr. Nicholas missionaries. The brethren referred to Hey, a young farmer from Herrnhut, have reported favorably of the site, who has been trained for mission work. which is on the Batavia River, on the The Fed"ralAssembly sanctiolled an apeast side of the Gulf of Carpentaria, in peal to the American Government and the Peninsula ot Cape York, the most churches to assist in having the restricnortherly point of Australia. The tions regarding the sale of intoxicating aborigines are numerous there, and are liquors and fire arms applied by all at some distance from settlers. It is countries, and urged the British Govhoped, therefore, that a fair opportunity ernment to provide for the settlement may be got for Christianizing some of of disputed land claims. them, if they can be induced to settle on the reserve. This race has not been •• It was· reported that the mission readily brought under Christian infiueDce, owing to their very migratory among the Kanakas on the sugar planta_ habits. Some, however, have been en- tion in Queensland was making encourlightened, converted to Christ. and have aging progress. The Rev. J. M. Macinexhibited the graces of Ohristian char. tyre had baptized 70, while 1336 had put on the blue ribbon. A great imacter. This new attempt deserves the provement has taken place among the laborers since the mission began."

IV.-THE MONTHLY CONCERT OF MISSIONS.

BY J. T. GRACEY, D.D.

South America is the smaller half of whom not less'than five per cent are the New World. Four fifths of it lies in European subjects. There are also the tropics. It has been remarked that about* a half million sa vage Indians, or, it is largest where North America is roughly, approaching twice as many as smallest, and smallest where it is largest. the totaI Indian population of the United Some have thought its physical posi- States, including Alaska. These are tion, so largely in the tropics, gave it a confined mostly to the interior of the great advantage prospectively over the continent of South America, with a few northern part of the hemisphere, which small tribes, numbering, perhaps, 5000, has so great a proportion lying in the in Central America. Three-tenths of cold of the far North. This is not to the population of South America is put be taken without some caution. It is down as pure white and one-tenth relatively deceptive when merely judged negro; others are of mixed blood. The from the map. Commercially, the most rapid immigration of Europeans of late largely productive part of South Ameri- years has, however, been materially ca, after all, is found within its temper. modifying these proportions. ate, not within its tropical districts. Brazil is the size of the United States, The physical resources vary much in but a small part of it is esteemed capa- the several States in relation to comble of agriculture. The equatorial val- merce. The Orinoco is navigable for ley is filled with dense forests. Yet '1000 miles, the Amazon for 2600 miles. South America is, as a whole, very in- From its base to the Andes, with its teresting and important. Fifty-some tributaries, it presents 6000 miles of say sixty-millions of people are the total population of Spanish America, in- * We are following the official docnment of cluding the West fudies and ;Brazil, of William Eleroy Cnrtis, printed at the Govern- ment Printing Office at Washington in 1889. Oth- ers will present divergellt ligures from these, navigable waters. The Upper Paraguay itually paralyzed by the Roman Church, and Southern Parana present an unin. which here has for 300 years laid the terrupted waterway north and south palsy·smiting hand of excessive Ilnd like the Mississippi. A United States heretical sacerdotalism on the people. Government document says that the river Platte offers a more extensive sys· Brazil presented three obstacles to tem of unobstructed navigation than progress to the mind of Agassiz-slavery, any river in the world, and, with the a corrupt clergy, and a lack of educa. exception of the Amazon, pours more tional institutions. Now slavery is water into tbe ocean. It affords more gone; but even with it Agassiz could miles of navigation than all the rivers say, in his" Journey to Brazil" : of Europe combined and more than the Mississippi, with its several tributaries. ".There is much also that is very It is tidal 260 miles from its mouth, cheering that leads me to believe that and ocean ships of 24 feet draught can her life as a nation will not belie her be floated all the year for 1000 miles, great gifts as a country. Should her and those of 16 to 20 feet can go 2700 moral and intellectual endowments grow miles into the interior of the continent, into harmony with her wonderful natuand a small expenditure of money and ral beauty and wealth the world will not labor would enable a 4000·ton ship from have seen a fairer land." New York or Liverpool to go direct into the. very heart of the continent in Brazil But now of her 14,000,000 people, by way of Buenos Ayres. The Amazon those who have made a careful study of is 0 ustructed, but the Orinoco is open to the most accurate statistics procurable large vessels, and the Rio Negro affords estimate that four·fifths are unable to accoss into Patagonia. read. Dr. Chamberlain, a very compe· tent authority, widely familiar with the An equal number of cattle can be pur. larger part of the entire Western world chased in Argentina and Uruguay for by personal residence in various parts half the money paid for them in Texas. of North and South America, says that There are 96 sheep, 18 cattle, and 4 South America offers one of the widest horses for each inhabitant in the river fields of the world.wide parish, homo. Platte country. The foreign commerce geneous in character to a wonderful ex. of Brazil is almost double that of Cuba. tent in language, customs, and institu. No less than five routes for an inter.con· tions, and hence affording peculiar ad. tinental railway have bee,n shown to be vantages to the work of the Gospel. It possible, and some of these have roads is, he says, the widest empire of Rome, surveyed or operated for one·third of and the conditions are such as to give the distance between Buenos Ayres and the best vantage ground from which to Bogota, and that within three years. brjng influence to break down that hoary system of error, fraud, and op. This is a larger proportion of our pression by scattering the seed of the space than would have been given to Word, and raising up a new people who these material matters but that they will walk in the right ways of the Lord. emphasize the prospective relations and Surely, he says, the Christian churches obligations of Protestant North America of North America have a grave responsi. to this south land, the spiritual care of bility toward the more than half pagan which devolves the more largely on us or less than half Christian multitudes in that European churches leave these of South America. papal and pagan peoples almost wholly to our labors, and they are coming CENTRAL AMERICA. nearer and nearer to us. They need the same care that we propose to bestow Central America is the nearest unoc· on the dead churches of the East, or on cupied field calling for evangelistic European communities which. are spir- agencies, in the world to the Christians in the United States or Canada. "Ex. cept the small Presbyterian mission in Guatemala, there is no organized effort as • virtual heathenism.' It would be for Christ's Gospel in all these lands, easy to fill pages with evidences of this, or so it was until" recently, when the and so to demonstrate that whatev~r Central American Mission was formed lukewarmness toward missions to the for carrying the Gospel to the Qnevan- papal countries of Europe Christians gelized lands of Costa Rica, Nicaragua, may tolerate in themselves, their argu- San Salvador, and Honduras. <rhe ments fall to the ground when applied Jamaica Baptist Missionary Society has to missions to Spanish America.

a missionary at Port Limon, which is " In Costa Rica, as in other Central exclusively among Jamaica negroes, em- American republics, the population is ployed as laborers at that place; and divided by the line of education. The that is all there was, until the Central uneducated masses adhere blindly to American Mission recently opened work the degrading superstitions in which by sending Mr. McConnell, from St. they have been reared; the educated Paul, Minn., to commence a mission at few, in the language of a diplomatic San Jose. Mr. C. I. Scofield, the secre- representative of this country, • are tary of this mission at Dallas, Texas, in- growing unmindful of their ancestral forms us that it is undenominational and religion, and the next generation will entirely in the hands of laymen. There see a more rapld deoline of the power are three classes of natives-of pure of the priest. Business and professional whites a few; of Indians about 3000 ; the men never attend mass.' "

remainder, composing the bulk of the population, are of mixed Indian and OUR YOUNG MEN AND YOUNG Spanish blood, the Spanish element WOMEN. predominating. These are distinguished above all other Spanish·American peo- Y. M. C. A. and Fbreign Missions.- ples by sobriety and simplicity. Indo- The Young Men's Christian Association lence, however, is a universal character- work on the foreign field developed istic, and their superstitions are of the spontaneously. The first organization in grossest form. Of late the wealth of the heathen lands was at the Jaffna College, country has increased greatly, develop- Ceylon. Syria followed with one at ing a tendency to I uxury, gambling, and Beirut, and Turkey with one at Aintab.

the use of in tDxicants. In 1885 an association was formed in " Besides those three native classes, the Methodist Anglo-Chinese College, there are about 2000 Europeans of the at Foochow, China, one' at the then better class, 300 North Americans, 1500 called •• Wiley Institute," now Peking Italian laborers, and 1500 Jamaica University, and one at the Methodist negroes. The population is mainly College at Tokyo. At the Student Vol- gathered upon the central plateau. The unteer Movement meeting in Inter- entire population is probably between national Convention at Cleveland, in last 225,000 and 250,000. March, Mr. McBurney illustrated the " Costa Rica is nominally Roman Cath- spontaneity in Japan. Mr. John Trum- olic. In writing of the religious state of bull Swift had gone to Japan. He.had any Spanish American country, it is not had experience as a secretary of the necessary to enter upon a consideration Y. M. C. A. in this country, and in of the Romishsystem as it is under- Japan was attached to the Union Col- stood by its more enlightened votaries lege of Tokyo. He thought to try to in Europe and America, for even they form a Y. M. C. A. society in the Impe- concede that in Spanish America it has rial University in Tokyo. Some people degenerated into sheer idolatry. The said there weI'e no Christian students in Abbe Dominec, chaplain to the Em- the institution. Quiet investigation re- peror Maximilian, denounced the form vealed the fact that there were a num- of Romauism which he found in Mexico be.r. and 50 were enrolled who were nominally Christians. Thirty of them deavor, JiJpworth Leagues, etc.-It is not came to a meeting, and not one of the 30 easy at first sight to perceive what direcpreviously knew that the others, or any tion ought to be given to the money quesof them, were Christians. They were tion in the new societies of young people all alike timid in making any profession whioh have risen all over the land like of their faith in these college relations. some magical creation of a fairy region. An association was thus formed in the That their practical working might inlargest university city, with the largest clude some form of financial expreg.. number of students in the world, there sion of consecration seems right enough being between 60,000 and 80,000 stu. in itself. Whether that ought to find a deuts there each year. This associa- separate place from the already existing tion was formed at the request of the plans and methods of the several mIssIOnaries. Two buildings at Tokyo, churches is a matter of opinion, or costing $60,000, have been erected- rather about which opinion should be one for students, 9ne for business men. judiciously formed. In 1885 $5000 was asked for a Y. M. C. A· building in Osaka. The United States A considerable effort has been made responded with $2500, Canada with to direct the contributions of these so- $1500, and Australia with $1000. cieties to some special object. In some cases only a general rousing of their Student Movement. – It . is given as interest for foreign missions has been authentic history that the Student Move- sought, leaving all contributions to flow ment grew out of the Y. M. C. A. working. in the channel of the regular denomina- Mr. Wishard asked Mr. Moody in 1886 to tion to which the society or individual give him an opportunity as secretary of is attached. It was after this excellent· the International Committee to meet spirited way that Rev. A. A. Fulton of some college students at Northfield for Canton, China, while in this country Bible study. It was at the gathering during the year, stirred the young that followed on this invitation that the Christian Endeavor people to give two Student Movement originated at Mt. cents a week for foreign missions. The Hermon. There were present 251 young result of that effort was the enrolment men from 89 colleges. of several thousands of persons pledged to give that sum. It was reported that This movement enrolls 6200 volun- in Philadelphia on one evening 6000 teers varying in age from 20 to 30 years, persons took that pledge, and within a and 2600 of whom are in institut.ions few months the number had increased pursuing their studies. About 1300 of to 50,000, and waf< rapidly pushed bethis list are, from various causes, count- yond that, with an appeal to make it at ed out of the probable force that will go once 100,000. We have not the statistics abroad. Some 320 have sailed for the up to date of writing, but the fact of the field. Of the entire force about three enthusiasm of these young Christians sevenths are ladies. The volunteers remains, and that other fact of the posrepresent denominationally seven of the sibilities of their properly directed enerprincipal churches and others, in the gies in the interest of missionaIY conratio of 27 p& cent Presbyterian, 24 tributions, and, what is equally of worth, per cent Methodist, 17 per cent each of the dissemination of missionary in- .Baptist and the Congregationalists, 3 telligence. per cent Lutheran, 2 per cent Protestant Episcopal, and 10 per cent Friends and Sunday Schools.-As allied with and others. Of those who have gone abroad contributive to all that we have written 33 have gone to Africa, 229 to Asia, 5 to about missionary zeal and work among Europe, 13 to Central and South Ameri- the young, it is vastly important that ca, 6 to the South Seas; 23 are miscel- we do not let slip the greatest factor of laneously grouped and " not located." all of them-the Sunday.school. Every Sunday-school in the land ought to be Young People's Society oj Christian En-

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGll:NCE

a school for the study of missions, as most purpose and pleasure of the Roman well as for education in the grace of Catholic Germans. Here were a thou- benevolence represented by the mission- sand delegates, including men eminent ary offerings. The study here should in the professions and in public affairs, be systematic, and continued through a who decided to support the Triple Alli- .course of, say, three years. ance, and to urge upon the Government the recall of the Jesuits. 'fhey dealt But by one means and all means let boldly with the question of the restorathe young men and maidens, and along tion of the iemporal power of the Pope, with them the children, be inspired and appointed a committee to arrange with the privilege and obligation to tell for a congress to be held in Switzerland, out and push out the truth of salvation most likely, on the one hundredth annithrough Jesus versary of the birth of Pius IX., May 15th, 1892, for the gathering of repre- "Till earth's remotest nation has learned Mes- sentatives of the total Roman Catholic siah'8 name. " communities of the world, to see what can be done to secure the proposed THE PAPACY. restoration of the sword to the head of the Roman Catholic hierarchy. The Roman Catholic Congress, which met in Berlin early in September, is supposed to have represented the fore- V.-GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE.

Organized Missionary Work and Statistics. Edited by Rev. D. L. Leonard, Bellevue, O.

-According to the extensive and ex- tIed the facts in the case. Omitting all haustive tables of statistics appended to over nine years of age, the number of the second volume of the "Encyclo- communicants is 6,250,045, or, if that predia of Mtssions," recently published class is included, the total will be inby Funk & Wagnalls, of societies doing creased by some 735,000. The organizadirect general missionary work in the tions are 10,227, and the church edifices foreign field, there are 47 in the united 8765, with a cash value of $118,382,000. States, 32 in Great Britain and Ireland, More than half of the Catholic popula- 10 in Germany, 6 in Holland, 105 in all tion is found within the limits of five Christian countries. In addition to States, New York leading with 1,153,- these, there are 51 women's societies, 26 000; Massachusetts following next with special, or publishing societies, 9 medical 614,600; and after this Pennsylvania societies, 35 doing work in behalf of the with 551,600; Illinois, 473,300; and Jews, and 39 which sre classed as indi- Ohio, 336,000. Wisconsin has 249,000. vidual or miscellaneous. Including all As illustrating to what an extent this of all the various kinds, the sum is 280. Church is polyglot, in !I. single diocese A complete bibliography is also given, in Pennsylvania confessions are heard in which are contained more than 5000 in German, French, Spanish, Italian. titles of books on missions and mission· Hungarian, Polish, Bohemian, and ary themes; and in the alphabetical Lithuanian. Ecclesiastical rule is in list of stations upward of 2400 are given the hands of 1 cardinal, 13 archbishops, from all continents and islands. and 66 bishops.

-Much speCUlation and many wild -The public schools of this land may guesses have found their way into print not improperly be set down among the concerninll; the strength of the Roman home missionary forces which work Catholic Church in the United States; mightily for tho public weal, and the but now the census seems to have set- figures are not far from stunning. The teachers alone are a great host, number. been baptized and 2032 children en- ing 361,273, while the scholars are 12,- rolled in the mission schools. 563,891. Of these, 1 327,822 are colored. Or if the 686,106 in private schools -The stated clerk of the Presbyterian and the 673,601 in parochial schools be Church (North) has issued a comparative include:l, a grand total of almost 14,000,. summary of the work or that denomina- 000 is reached. But even this leaves out tion during the past six years. The the thousands found in all our acade- following table partially shows the in- mies and schools of higher grade. crease: -The latest figures from Utah give Ministers………… .. 1886. 1891. this as the encouraging summary of Churches………….. .. Christian work done in the territory, 5,546 6,623 and representing what has been mainly Communicants .. . …. . 6,281 7,0;0 accomplished by 15 years of effort. The Sunday·school members. 666,909 806,796 71 ministers belong to 9 denominations 743,518 883,680 (including the Unitarians, but not in· cluding the Catholics, with 20 churches CONTRIBUTIONS. and 7893 members). The churches are 75, with a membership of 4500. In the Home missions, ……… $760,947 $995,625 85 schools scattered through 68 towns Foreign missions…….. 651,160 784,406 are 174 teachers and 6800 scholars. In Education…………… 97,954 154,518 these from the beginning not less than Sunday-school work….. 34,739 181,915 30,000 have received instruction, of Freedmen……………. 91,273 124,814 whom about 70 per cent were from Mor· Congregation •……….. 7,640,855 9,7'64,379 man families. This work is sustained at an annual cost of $200,000.. and in- Expressed in totals, the gifts for all purvolves the holding of $1,500,000 for poses in 1886 amounted to $10,592,231, church and school purposes in land, buildings, etc. or over $15 per member; in 1891 to $14,062,356, or over $17 per member. -One of the first two fields chosen and occupied by the American Board -The Hawaiian Kingdom is made up was among the American Indians, and of many nationalities. Numbering 80,- during the next 30 years more than half 000 six years ago, it has now a populaof its missionaries were sent to the same tion of 90,000, of whom 40,000 are napeople. As late as 1830, of 225 upon its tives and half· castes, and of the rest roll, 147, including 34 unmarried wom· about 20,000 are Japanese, one fifth en, were devoting their lives to the reo women ;'13,000 Chinese, 800 of them demption of the red men. In all 15 women; 9000 Portuguese, 2000 Ameritribes were reached, and 48 churches can (born in the United States), 1200 were gathered, with 3940 members. In English, German, and French. Protlater years, as calls from the foreign field estants number 30,000, Catholics 20,- became more numerous and urgent, and 000 ; the rest are Asiatics or indifferent. as other instrumentalities were fash- For the Asiatics and Portuguese earnest ioned, this part of its work was gradu. missionary work is being done, as well ally given up. as in some of the islands of the South- ern Paci fic by the Hawaiian Evangelical –Bishop Thoburn, of the Methodist Association. Of this society the income Episcopal Church, says that 90 "North. last year was $61,500, of which $13,900 field missions" have been established was expended upon the Japanese, Chiin India with the money so generously nese, and Portuguese. contributed at Northfield in 1890. In these new missions 1500 persons have -America, through the American Board, expended in 50 years $1,250,000 to evangelize Hawaii, and has during that time received about $4,000,000 a year in trade. England's missions are said to bring back ten pounds in trade for every pound given to convert the heathen. Christianity means a demand for clothing and utensils. The fitst sign of grace in a penitent savage is a request for a shirt. If only rum could be kept out! But rum and Bibles are apt to go contributions for home work were $6433, in the same ship for Polynesia and and for work outside, $713. Africa. -The Basel Society bas a prosperous -The Church of Scotland issues its mission upon the southwest coast of annual report in the form of a bound India, in which are found a total of 125 volume containing 1069 p.ages. The missionaries, including 52 ordained men members number 593,393, and the net with their wives, 18 laymen, and 2 unincrease last year was 5439. The in- married women, with 15 ordained nacome, omitting all endowments, etc., tives and 145 other native helpers-a standing for" by-gone liberality," was total of 285 toilers. To the churches 177 $1,813,265 from contributions, and were added last year, making a total of $339,520 from seat rents, or $2,152,785 5197 members. In the 121 schools 6372 in all. The receipts for foreign mis- are under instruction. The nat.ive consions, including $52,685 from women's tributions were $6372. societies, were $224,855. The missionaries number 70, of whom 22 are or- -A large proportion of the money exdained, with 7 ordained and 89 unor- pended in behalf of Moravian missions dained native helpers–a total force of is contributed by the benevolent of 166. The 29 churches have 951 mem- Great Britain and elsell'here, who ar:e bers, including 285 added last year. Of not members of that body. Thus ever schools there are 89, with 5287 scholars. since 1818 the London Association in The native contributions were $49,907 Aid of Moravian Missions has been in 1890. Among the" schemes" of this gathering funds, and the amount col- Church is a work in behalf of the Jews, lected last year amounted to $14,330, for which $28,700 were contributed. and legacies were received amounting to $8100, while but $24,060 were derived -Within 19 years the McAll Mission from the Brethren's congregations, etc., has grown from a single small room in in Europe and the United States. The Paris, with 40 chairs and 2 workers, to total expended upon the missions in 134 stations scattered all over France, 1890 was $100,115. and including suoh important cities as Marseilles, Bordeaux, Lyons, Nice, New -The British Society for the Propa Rochelle, Nantes, etc., and in Algeria gation of the Gospel among the Jews as well; 18,061 sittings, and more than has had an existence of 48 years, and 600 persons engaged in the work. Dur- its income, according to the last report, ing 1890 upward of 27,000 domiciliary has reached $31,620. The field of visits were made, and for adults alone operations includes not only the British 16,111 services were held. The total at- Isles, but Germany, Austria, Turkey, tendance was 1,237,688. The entire and Russin as well. In Wilna hospital cost of the miSSIon was $89,563, of 24,000 were treated last year. And in which sum $33,910 was derived from all, as the report states, " thousands of the United States, $19,909 from Eng- Jews have been drawn to the cross and land, $17,762 from Scotland, and $13,- throne of Jesus." In aid of this and 340 from France, Switzerland, etc. other similar societies, the British and Foreign Bible Society has issued in He.. -The Societe des Missions Evangeliques brew 404,000 Old Testaments and 490,. 000 portions, 8300 New Testaments anQ a Paris has prosperous missions both in 40,000 portions, and 204,000 diglot copies of the Scriptures, or those CCott. Tahiti and in Basutoland, South Africa, taining the Hebrew and some other la1J, with 3~ stations and 123 out-stations, 29 guage better known to the readers. missionaries, and 85 native preachers. The church members number 9111, the -The London Medical Missionary cateohumens 3781, and 222 were added Association has for its object the educato the church last yellr. The number under instruction is 8339. The native tion of physicians, as well as the found- -In the year 1855 there were in Briting and support of medical missions, ish India 430 schools, both government whether independent or otherwise. The and missionary, having 30,000 pupils, income last year was $11,530. In the chiefly boys. By the recent census it entire foreign field are found 139 medi- appears that there are 130,000 schools cal missionaries holding British diplo- of all grades, and over 4,000,000 pupils, mas-an increase of 14 in a year. China a goodly percentage of these pupils being alone is blessed with 104 devoted men girls. Marvellous as this growth is, we and women, who, like their Master be. have only to remember the enormous fore them, give themselves to healing population of India to see that there is the sick. a vast work. yet to be done; for though there are 4,000,000 pupils in the schools, -Although Bavaria has a population this is but one and one fourth per cent of only about 5,000,000, it has no fewer of the population. than 17,992 endowments of various kinds, the sums amounting to 421,996,- -The English Baptist Society is soon 035 marks. Of these 202,878,887 marks to have a new steamer upon the Upper are for charitable institutions and pur- Congo. The Peace has been in use poses, 159,757,226 for religious pur- since 1882, and has rendered invaluable poses, about 60,000,000 for educationa- service, but is not large enough nor purposes. Of the' sum total devoted to Iwift enough for present purposes. The religious purposes, 140,036,054 are for new v.essel, the Goodwill. is to be 84 the Catholic Church, and 18,242,767 for feet long and 13 feet beam. Every the Protestant; The former has 8474 particle of the vessel, hall, boiler. enendowments, the latter 1174. This is gines, and all, will have to be carried about in proportion to the population. on men's shoulders some 230 miles over a very hilly road. The work of this so- -The Christian Mission Church in ciety extends more than 900 miles from Belgium, organized 53 years ago, now the base, at Leopoldville. As yet more numbers about 8000 souls. The in- than 1000 miles of the waterways of the crease in the last three years has been Congo Valley have never been visited only a little over 500 ; but the only sur- by a missionary, and 2000 miles have prise is that there has been any gain at been traversed very hurriedly, so that all in this land, where both Roman there is a great work for these mission- Catholicism and MateriMism are equally ary vessels to do. ready to crush the Gospel. The number of Protestant churches is 93, served -Harput, in Eastern Turkey, accordby 21 pastors and evangelists, aided by ing to the thought of not a few, stands 9 Bible readers. The Evangelical So- I1.t least upon the outskirts of ancient ciety controls the Protestant work. and Eden. The field, of which this city is has founded the Evangelical Sunday- the mission centre, contains 59 stations schools, of which there are 52. The under the care of the American Board, last report of the society shows that the with 25 churches and 1717 members, income in the last year was 151,278 including 159 added last year, 10,330 francs. A large proportion Of this is adherents, 7000 hearing regularly the given' by the friends of the cause in word, and 5000 following the Interna- England and elsewhere. tional course of Sunday-school lessons. The various congregations contributed -Says The Mission Fwld: "In India $7200 last year, leaving only $3300 for a single 'church, Whose members have a the Board to raise outside of the salaries total income of $]800, gives annually of the American missionaries, and the $400 of that sum for religious objects. a parents paid besides $3550 for the board quarter of which is set apart for the and tuition of their children ill the support of a native missionary in an- schools. other district.·, Statistics of Missionary [THE following tables are intended to inclnde only Foreign Missions, that is, missions to foreign work of the Methodists and Baptists and others in Europe, as well as efforts for the evangelization from the published reports Of the various Societies, and, with rew exceptions, present the facts as has been received from the Encyclopredia of Missions and the Concise Dictionary of Religious desired, earnestly aimed at, and most diligently sought; but, as it always occurs in such nuder· Home Missionary _ _ _-"Cc::0.=n=stituency. Income.

II . ; I UNITED STATES ..~fs~i ~ – fi – – .~,; – ~'" ~ AND 2S CANADA. –~ – ..E.. =~:I Se~'" – -~Q) ~ ———–1– -Q – – -<Ij Baptist Missionary Union……… ….. 1814 6,138 7,786 717,640 $492,275 $51,038 Sonthern Baptist Convention'………. 1845 8,824 16,091 1,235,765 113,522 1,771 Free Baptist.. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. … .. .. 1836 1,531 1,314 82,683 25,497 400 Baptist General Association. . . . . . . .• .. 1873 560 200 50.000 500 Christian (Disciple)……………….. 1875 675,000 67,750 1 4,678 3,388! 1,023 American Christiau Connection. . . . . . . .. 1886 1,500 1,700 120,000 3,000 1,500 Seventh Day Baptist……. , …….. …. 1847 100 110 9,000 4,500 Congregationalist (A. B. C. F. M.}……. 1810 4,619 4,817 506,832 762,Q86 117,494 Methodist EpiscQpal, North……….. 1819 12,914 22,833 2,783,967 566,347 204,300 Methodist Episcopal, South… . . . . . . . . . . 1846 4,862 11,767 1,166,019 219,940 8,147 Methodist Protestant… . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 1882 1,441 2,003 147,604 13,32-3 460 African Methodist Episcopal.. . . . . .. . . . . 1886 2,500 3,000 100,000 7,000 1,600 Wesleyan Methodist …… , …………. 1887 300 600 18,000 2,000 440 Seventh Day Adventists…. …. …. . … 1874 930 26,112 1.485 Evangelical Association……………. 1876 3541 2,043 145,603 12,000 United Brethren………… … …….. 1853 1,864 I 4,203 197,123 10,000 1,467 I I 10,801 Protestant Episcopal…… .. .. …. .. .. 1835 4,163 2,435 508,292 189,184 6,800 Presbyterian, North .. .. 1837 6,158 6,894 775,903 942,691 49,423 Presbyterian, South … . 1862 1,200 1,144 169,000 112,952 3,976 782 902 United Presbyterian… . 1858 124 106,385 1,040,871 1 30,695 124 Reformed Presbyterian. . . .. .. ……. 1856 2,776 I I 1,646 11,289 . 19,614 Cumberland Presbyterian……….. …. 1852 165,940 22,260 1,812 Reformed Dutch.. … …………….. 1832 560 551 88,979 117,090 8,003 Reformed German…….. , ………… 1878 835 1,554 200,498 17,000 I 3,000 Associate Re.formed, South …………. 1879 81 117 8,534 I 3,Q.37 1 300 German Evangelical Synod… .. …. …. 1883 1,3,55 Lntheran General Synod. . . . . … . .. . . . . 1837 650 870 150,000 9,010 41,202 979 1,437 151,404 Lutheran General Council…. …. …. 1869 910 1,52'2 264,235 12,177 50 Methodist Episcopal, Canada……. …. 1873 1,285 1,268 233,868 27,503 6,491 Presbyterian, Canada…………….. 1844 972 1,920 160,105 105,525 4,172 Church of Englaud, Canada… … …. 1890 .~~ ..~~ 10',~57 ~~ 1:::: 1 . Congregationalist, Canada…….. .. …. 1886 Baptist, Ontario and Quebec ……….. 1873 532 550 77,247 36,0421 677 Totals 73,235104,888 -10,936~3171 4.180~602 507,s83 Societies for 1890-1.

countries under the care of missionaries other than natives. And hence is omitted the bulk of the of the Jews and the Freedmen, the Chinese and Indians. Of course the figures are derived mainly they existed during the last half of 1890, or the first half of the current year. 8ubstantial assistance Knowledge, which have appeared within a few months. The utmost of accuracy has been eagerly takings, the desired, earnestly aimed at, sources of error are numerous and most perplexing.] Missionaries. I Native !:' 1 g Helpers. oj 1 :g 1 ~Sg ·1;:I • .~; ".~ <1i ~ .is I .§; ~ I ~ l1-4l1~01 ~:zg j .;0) .~…. ] i~"''' ~ "" ~S ;"a.0 g'" >."-.<. "0 " .e; "wil. ~ ~ -<5- ->'"1 ~ w. 0 ->-<- -(5 – -(5 – – – – – . – -:5 – — – I 1,390 139 13 119 107 232 626 1,645 681 76,603 8,708 1,038 20,107 185 38 …. 31 17 23 53 161 67 2,377 402 21 823 12 9 1 9 6 5 13 43 11 646 55 105 3,619 6 1 1 1 …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. ….

41 17 …. 18 …. . … 25 60 12 1,418 158 10 817 32 2 …. 2 …. .. 7 11 3 92 35 …. . …

3 2 …. 2 2 2 7 18 1 30 5 2 29 1,058 183 17 181 152 174 2,243 2,980 387 36,256 4,554 1,025 47,319 373 169 10 160 126 1 447 2,571 3,483 334 52,956 5,747 1,090 33,844 516 52 2,000 169 50 …. 40 1 1 . … 99 224 60 4,944 6 256 . … 5 257 35 1 300 76 . … 3 5 …. 51 4 …. 12 29 2 203 12 . …

12 9 9 121 3 .. , 7 40 10 356 …. j2 2 2 …. 1 … 7 1 300 9 3 … 35 …. 5 5 17 882 31 5 …. 31 …. 5 24 :l7 5 378 …. 1 18 17 18 25 16 5 3 67 134 131 6,712 1,150 14 591 19 3,494 349 220 25 … 1 129 82 3,196 6 19 27 52 457 210 40 186 140 348 173. 1,097 377 28,494 2,87'5 605 27,813 100 33 3 26 18 15 12 107 25 1,284 246 16 1,300 28 1 21 25 24 495 554 39 9,832 735 252 10,480 21:1 1 5 6 …. 5 22 3 209 12 26 710 5 10 6 …. 6 6 2 171 37 11 63~ 63 4 298 155 23 4 23 12 30 283 375 51 5,326 552 113 4,069 24 3 …. 3:1 2 7 15 30 12 1,656 218 2 66 11 2 …. 2! 2 2 4 12 4 285 24 4 65 10 4 …. 41 1 . … 15 24 3 234 34 4 250 12 5 …. 4! 3 4 167 183 338 6,492 580 195 4,784 6 4 …. 31 …. 2 7 16 2 832 1 89 1,073 19 11 …. I … 45 71 10 1,538 578 4 485 15 ….

130 . ~j 324 1 24 6 152 220 87 8,172 711 141 4,100 1 1 …. …. ." …. …. …. …. . … .. . ….

—— _:;I_~l_~ 40 202 .. . 39 30 1,796 299 36[ 5,700 9 16 …. 141 187 22 2,493 415 41 350 -7218 4.649 1,066 145 966 736 1,341 11,946 129,806 8.625. 235-:-276 ! 4,867 1169,451 British Poreign Missions. By Rev. James hood a spiritual power. M. Coillard Johnston, Bulton, England. calls for a teacher of boys, and regrets that he has often to decline applications United Presbyterian Church of from dark little applicants because there Scotland's Foreign Mission.-This is no instructor. A young fellow· worker, vigorous denomination, so notably a Rev. A. Jalla, of the Waldensian valmissionary church, reports extended leys, described as worthy, active, and help on behalf of its continental and amiable, had just gone to Kimberley colonial mission stations. In foreign imd the Cape to meet his bride. The work it occupies 7 mission fields, on leader of the mission was taking the opwhich sened 117 fully trained agents, portunity of sending under his care of whom 57 were ordained European Litia. the eldest Bon of the king, to the missionaries; 20 ordained native teach- Morija High School, Basutoland. This ers, 10 medical missionaries, of whom 4 youth's intelligence, prepossessing manwere ordained; 5 European evangelists ner, and evident susceptibility war_ and 25 female missionaries. These rants M. Coillard in hoping that by and agents superintended 97 native evange- by he may become a trusted missionlists, 332 native teachers, 67 nati ve Ze- ary's friend. Upon a canal six miles nana workers, and 42 other helpers. long, connecting Sefula with the Zam- The native church membership last year besi River, M. Coillard had been busy showed an increase of 900 soula-the for two years. 'l'his year he hoped to greatest addition ever recorded. In the see its completion. Mr. and Mrs Goy year 1880 the members in the native had been laboring at Sesheke, and were churches numbered 9687, and ten years about to go (D. V.) to Seomaat the Gonge later, 15,799. The foreign mission in- Falls. The absence of a settled popucome in 1890, including the contribu- lation at Sesheke, which is used as a tions for Zenana work, was £40,592, meeting-place for some dozen or more and an additional sum of £13,605 was chiefs from far off villages, has natugiven by the natives themselves in sup- rally prevented systematic labor. At port of missions, schools, and hospitals. Kazungula, L. Jalla, an esteemed broth- United Presbyterian missionaries at er, had been struggling with fever. His present on furlough number among station, yet in the stage of infancy, is others Dr. John Husband, Rajputana; destined, from its topographical posi- Rev. Dr. William Z. Turner, .Tamaica; tion, to be an important centre. In the and Rev. Johu W. Stirling, Kaffraria. autumn another esteemed young broth- The Presbyterians are fulfilling the ex- er, Mons. Vollet, from Paris, was expecthort..tion of Dr. J. Monro Gibson in ed, accompanied by two (M. Coillard being both self-sustaining and self-sac- says, " we fain hope more") evangelists. rificlng. At these different centres the work is developing slowly,· the laborers having The Barotsi Mission (Central Af- the blessing of "good understanding rica).-In M. Coillard's earnest labors and union. " several Christian friends in Glasgow are deeply interested, and regular support- Very kmdly M. Coillard alludes to the ers. Amid difficulties in journeyings new missionary expedition of the Engand tribal negotiations the missionary lish Primitive Methodists to Mashikusteadfastly holds forth the Word of Life lomboe Land. Its leader, Rev. Mr. in these long-neglected regions. The Buckenham, rad accompanied M. Coilpoor state of health of Mrs. Coillard is lard to interview the king for the privia sore burden on this whole·souled toil- lege of establishing a station in his er. To his joy there recently arrived territory. To the joy of all, permission Miss Kiener, from Neuchatel. This was given. The arrival of the Primitive lady's consecration and affectionate Met·hoilist brethren after many perils disposition will make her in alllikeli- and hardships, M. Coillard observes, is the answer to many prayers. Help in ity were appreciated very warmly by sustaining the beloved :French pastor's philanthropic and missionary workers labors will be sent per Mr. William in West Africa. In reply to an address, Ewing, 7 Royal Bank Place, Glasgow, Sir Alfred observed that in regard to the Scotland. education of the nativel! great credit was due to the various self-sacrificing English Missions in Canada.-The missionaries, who had been and connomination of the Ven. William Day tinued to be the popular educators. Reeve to the bishopric of Mackenzie He spoke of the need of open and safe River, in succession to Bishop Bompas, roads for the onward progress of the recently translated to the new diocese country, and the value that the repatriaof Selkirk, has the approval of the Arch- tion of negroes would be to Africa. .The bishop of Canterbury. He was educat- question, he contended, should now be ed at the Church Missionary College, viewed in the Old and New World in Islington, ordained by the Bishop of the light of retributive justice to Africa Rupertsland in 1868, appointed bishop's for the wrongs inflicted on her in the chaplain in 1880, and archdeacon in past. His policy in befriending negro- 1883. He has done years of honored land had been guided by the three C's work in Northwest America, notably at –consideration, conciliation, and cul- :Forts Simpson and Chipewyan. In the ture. With a splendid record of sucprime of manhood, still under fifty, a cess, Sir Alfred Moloney has sailed to great career may be anticipated. He fulfil his new appointment as Governor was on furlough a little while ago. The of British Honduras. consecration will probably be performed by the Canadian bishops. Native Races and the Liquor Tra!- fic.-By the two envoys of Gungun- With the translation of the Bible into hana, chief of Gazaland, who have rethe Cree language, the Bishop of Moo- turned home after a visit to British sonee writes home that he is making shores, the United Committee have sent rapid progress. Next winter the task a letter expressing their pleasure that may probably be finished, when the be wishes to exclude the white man's Bishop of "The Great Lone Land," drink, which has recently been introwho has occupied his see since 1851, duced there, and assuring him that the will likely resign. The endurance of governments of Europe have agreed privations in an uninviting region, and that strong drink shall not be forced on cheerfully borne, have proved his mis- chiefs or people against their wishes. sionary character and secured him the The letter oncourages him to forbid the devoted attachment of the Indians. sale of this ruinous t~affic, and urges The Rev. J. A. Newnham, a Canadian, him, in conclusion, in these earnest has sailed for Moosonee, and should he words: "Keep it out of your country feel himself capable of bearing the of Gazaland entirely; it is a deadly strain of the work, his name may be enemy alike to the chief, to the head. submitted to the Archbishop of Canter- men, and to the common people." Rebury in succession to Dr. Horden as ports from abroad and by personal bishop. testimony unite in exposing the spread of this fearful evil. From Africa-east, The Aborigines' Protection Society. south, and west-from Madagascar, from -Always in close sympathy' with the India, from the South Seas, and from cause of missions, the society has lately .Alaska there is a great outcry against done honor to Sir Alfred Moloney,' a the foe which makes heathenism more pof-ular WeAt African governor since awful, and likewise paralyzes the growth 1867, and widely esteemed for his just of native converts. and politic dealing with the natives of the interior. His valuable services to Wesleyan Foreign Mission Fi· commerce,' civiliza'tion, and Christiannances.·-At the Nottingham Confer. Another aspE'ct of Catholic affairs was ence in July the present adverse balance presented by the Rev. L. C. Casartelli of £20,000 was the subject of a warm to the delegates attending the Catholic discussion. The representatives of the Conference held in London. The speak- Committee strongly repudiate the charge er, who is the editor of the English organ of blame which has been made. Much of Catholic foreign missions, stated that of the criticism and unrest the Rev. nothing was practically known in Eng· Marshall Randles considered to be the land of the Catholic Church Rsthe great. result of a ground swell following the est foreign missionary in the world, folevents of two yeal'S ago. No new policy lowing the observation with an extraor. was advocated for the removal of the dinary assertion-viz., that in India last debt save the appointment of adult col· year there were 841 Protestant mis. lectors, and the responsibility of district sionaries, whose reports indicated that sub·committees to a central committee, only 298 converts had been added to the and the arousing of fresh interest in the native churches at a cost of £48,000. claims of foreign missions. For the The Catholics, on the other hand, were fair name of the influential Wesleyan able to show in one diocese where they community, whose servants abroad and labored, which had a population of officials in London are not surpassed, 7,000,000, that their missionaries had the obligat.ion of extinguishing the received more than double that number heavy debt is an immediate duty. A of adult persons. The former part of communication was read to the Con- this statement is completely disproved ference announcing the death of the by the latest returns from three societies Rev. Thornley Smith, 6f London, for· alone in British India-the Church and merly a missionary pioneer in South Wesleyan Missionary Societies and the Africa, where he successfully labored American Baptists. half a century ago. He was the author of several works relating to missions. Miscellaneous.-Much uneasiness is felt by the London Missionary Society Roman Catholics in England and for the welfare of their converts, sta- India-a Contrast.-Much surprise tions, and training institution in Samoa, was caused at the Annual Conference of through the antagonism of Mataafa to Catholic Young Men's Societies of Great the rule of Malietoa. Business at Samoa Britain, lately assembled in Wigan, Lan. is stagnant.-The inquiry into the Pal· cashire, by a paper which the Rev. Aus· estine Mission is being conducted by the tin Powell read on ., Submerged Catho. Archbishop of Canterbury in London lics" who were lost to tho Church. He with closed doors.-A member of the said that never since Elizabeth ascended Calvinistic Methodist Missionary Sothe throne of England had the pros. ciety has promised a legacy of £30,000 pects in the country been darker. In to the Jubilee Fund.-In 1895 the Lon_ most parts of England the Catholics don Missionary Society will reach its cenwere losing in numbers both relatively tenary, an event which the directors wish and actually. Emigration to America, to anticipate by placing a hundred ad. which affected them, wasa non.prevent- ditional missionaries in the foreign field. able cause, whereas great and partially -Excellent patronage, including that of preventable causes were apostasy and the queen's, has been given to the South the aversion of young men to matrimony. African Choir, at present on a tour in In reply to his critics the essayist 0 b· England.-The General Assembly of served that figures could not be gain- Ireland reports successful work in India said. Liverpool was the only diocese and China, and among the jungle tribes, showing an increase, and even there it with a revived interest in missions at was not in proportion to the growth of home shown by a gratifying increased population. income. Monthly Bulletin. Baptist missionaries with their wives sailed from New York July 15th for Africa. -Susi, the last of those faithful Brazil. In 'Goyaz, there is a daily paper servants of Dr. Livingstone, who brought protesting against elections on Sundays, his body to the coast on that most reo as the Protestants will not vote on that markable journey, one of the grandest day. The influence of Sabbath.keeping funeral processions the world has ever is a mission and evangelization in itself. seen, died at Zanzibar on May 6th. Chili.-The Presbyterian Mission in -Along the West African coast there Chili has five organized churches, as are now 200 churches, 35,000 converts, well as preaching halls in the principal 100,000 adherents, 275 schools, and towns of the country. Evangelists make 30,000 pupils. Thirty.five dialects or long tours, scattering the bread of life. languages have been mastered, into There are two schools-an elementary which portions of the Scripture and reo one at Valparaiso, attended by 200 ligious books and tracts have been trans· scholars, and a superior institution at lated and printed, and some knowledge Santiago, with 80 scholars, some of of the Gospel has reached about 8,000,000 whom have come from homes in Peru of benighted Africans. and Balivia. A young Spanish pastor, -King Lewanika. the ruler of the M. Francesco Diez, who studied at great Barotse, on the Upper Zambesi, Lausanne, has recently settled at San· has been converted from human sacri· tiago in connection with the mission.

fices, the slave trad e, and alcoholism. -Mr. C. PolIhiIl Turner, one of the The king has not offered a human sacri. .. Cambridge TIand" which went to fice for three years, has become a tee· China in connection with the China In- totaler, and forbids the sale of liquor in land Mission, is studying the Thibetan his capital. He has sent his eldest son, language in Kansuh province, on the Litia, to Morija, in Basutoland, to reo borders of Thibet, preparatory to carry- ceive Christian instruction. The chief ing the Gospel into that country.

has many excellent parts, and for some -Li Hing Chang, Viceroy, and the time has been on terms of friendship most powerful man in China, has writ. with Mr.. Coillard, of the Paris Society ten a preface to a medical work by the of Missions; and Litia himself is a prom. Rev. S. A. Hunter, M.D., giving the ising young man of Christian character. sanction of his name to foreign thera- -The Church of England is begin. peutics and medical missionary work.

ning miSSion work in Mashonaland, -Dr. W. A. P. Martin has returned South Africa, in good earnest. Dr. to resume his important duties as Presi.

Knight Bruce has been called to the dent of the Imperial College of Pekin.

bishopric of that country, and has gone It is nearly forty.lrwo years since Dr.

there by way of the Pungwe River, ac· Martin first set out for China as a mis· companied by one clergyman. Previous· sionary. Then almost six months were ly six laymen had been sent, by the spent on the voyage; now in less than overland route, with supplies for the one month the same journey is made.

mlSSlOn. Among these is a carpenter Then there were sixty missionaries, now who was with Dr. Livingstone through there are more than a thousand.

his 'second African expedition. Three -The twenty.fifth anniversary of the Christian natives from Gazaland are with China Inland Mission was held at Mild· this party. An American layman pro. may Hall, May 26th. A full letter in poses to follow shortly, paying his own lieu of a I'eport was read from Mr. Hud· expenses, while guided by the rules of son Taylor. In this letter he spoke es· the mission. pecially of the new headquarters of an Brazil.-Dr. G. W. Chalnberlain and Australasian branch of the society. In family, Mr. Myron A. Clark, and three giving statements in regard to the work he showed that the number of baptisms bis large toleration for Christians who reported was 407 as against 536 last differed from him in forms of worsbip year. But the number of unbaptized or in forms of ecclesiastical order. converts reported is much larger than the year before, more than making up Japan.-Mrs. Large, widow of the the deficiency. The total number of missionary of the Canadian Methodist communicants is over 3000, more than Church, who was murdered in Japan 4500 having heen baptized from the over a year ago, and who was herself commencement of the work twenty· six severely wounded in trying to save her years ago. husband's life, after a year's visit in Ontario, is now returning to Japan to -The death is announced of the Rev. re-engage in mission work. Dr. Bissell, of the Marathi Mission of the American Board. Dr. Bissell has -The Hongo Church, in Tokyo-in. spent forty years in India, and was one tended specially for students, R9v. Mr. of the most able missionaries in that Yokio (Ise) pastor, a man well known in country. His departure was sudden, America-was dedicated a short while as he was in his usual health until about ago. It is a substantial brick building, two hours before his death. He leaves corresponding in style with the buildfour sons in the ministry. ings of the university and national schools, near which it is located. It -The Scotch missionaries in the seats about 700. The entire cost of lot Punjab rejoice over a rich harvest of and building, with a small native house souls. At the station of Sailkot they bap- for a parsonage, was about $11,000, and tized 30 converts four years ago; but it is paid for. Most of the money was last year the number was already 800, raised in this country. and the blessed work is going on increasingly. Papal Lands.-Four of the members of the first Christian Endeavor Society -The venerable Dr. John Newton, formed in Mexico, at Chihuahua, have who died at Merrel, in Northern India, left to study for the ministry at Juarez. on the second day of July, was in the They have started another society, and eighty-first year of his age, and had the societies in Spain plan to unite with been in the missionary work in India those in Mexico in publishing literature for fifty-six years. Very few men have in Spanish suited to their needs. been permitted to pass through so long a period of service, and few have Russia. – The Russian Orthodox wrought so diligently and so well. He Churr.h is doing mission work among was stationed first at Lodiana, but more the nomad tribes in South Siberia. than forty years ago!> was transferred to Over 3000 adults were baptized last year. Lahore, where his chief work was done. A magnificent cathedral will soon be He was well qualified in scholarship dedicated at Tokio, Japan, in which and in his linguistic acquirements for country the Russian missionaries are the tasks which were appointed to him. most successful. The Moscow Mission. He published the first grammar of the ary Society numbers 12,000 members; Panjabi language, and the first and only and receives $150,000 annually. The Panjabi English dictionary. He trans. seminary at Kasan prepares young men lated the New Testament, and wrote for work among the Siberian tribes, giv. numerous tracts and essays. His influ· ing them instruction in the native diaence with civilians and men in high lects. office in the Punjab was large, and always wielded for the advancement of -The King of Siam has settled an civilization and good morals. Men gave annual allowance of $1500 upon the him unfeigned veneration, and loved three young sons of the late Dwight Bradley, son of the early missionary, l;liJll for hi$ BweetIless of. temper and Dr. Bradley. Mr. Bradley was in the government. service at Bangkok.

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1889

~ERVING OUR OWN GENERATION

IISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE- WORLD.

VOL. XI. No. 7.-Oid Series._-JULY.-_VOL. II. No. 7.-New Seriu. , I.-LITERATURE OF MISSIONS. SERVING OUR OWN GENERATION.

LEDITORIAL.-A. T. p.] PAUL, in the Antiochan Synagogue, significantly said of David, "He served his own generation by the will of God." * If anything especially distinguishes those foremost missionary disciples of our day-the Moravians-it is the sublime purpose to reach their own generation with the gospel. Count Zinzendorf led in this unique consecration to present service, when he chose as his motto, "That land is henceforth my country, which most needs the gospel."

To this thought we would now give emphasis: the lifetime of our generation bounds at once our work and our opportunity. What we are to give we must impart while we are living; what they are to receive from us they must get while they are yet living, We owe to our Lord an infinite debt; we can never pay it ; all we can do is to acknowledge it by service to our generation according to His will and in His name. Obviously 80 far as that debt can be paid, it can be paid only during the period which limits the generation of which we form a part. This proposition seems so simple and obvious as to need no argument. Yet, practically, it has never been accepted and acted on by the church in modern times, nor at any time since the apostolic age.

There are two sorts of service we may render to humanity: one is immediate and transient, the other is remote and permanent.

For example: a confbgration sweeps over some great metropolis, consuming every conbustible dwelling and leaving thousands of families without clothing, food or shelter. Manifestly, every true fellow-citizen owes to the naked, starving, homeless, an immediate and imperative duty which can be done only now. The first necessity is to rally universally to put out the fire, save those now imperilled and perishing, and feed, clothe and house the destitute. After these present and pressing needs are met, it behooves us to make permanent provision against like calamities hereafter, preventing such catastrophies by securing a more adequate water supply, a better equipped fire department, and a fire-proof class of buildings. But only fools or monsters * Acts xiii : 36. would meet to consult about such permanent preventive measures while the fire was yet raging or the multitudes were yet starving or freezing! Humanity and philanthrophy instinctively impel us to re- lieve immediately the peril of the perishing. '

God has committed to the church a double work. Undoubtedly there are remote and permanent results at which we are to aim, even the laying of broad and firm foundations for the evangelization and edifi- cation of future generations. We are to erect Ohristian homes, churches, schools, colleges, seminaries; provide translations of the Word of God and a Ohristian literature, thus simplifying the work of each succeed- ing generation, lessening the labor, facilitating the process, accelera- ting the progress of the work, for all time to come. But, me:1nwhile, we must not overlook what is even a more pressing duty and'privilege, viz.: 1.oe must not permit this1!eneration to die unsaved, so far as our consecrated labor can prevent it. No activity in providing for future generations can atone for our inactivity in providing for our own generation, which first of all we are to serve, by the will of God, with the gospel.

We pray God that this one thought may press with mighty and resist- less weight upon the heart and conscience of every believer. When Ohrist said, "Go ye into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature," he must have meant that those to whom he spoke should go forth and reach those who were then living. That command is of perpetua.l force. It applies to every new generation of believers; and it means that, in every successive age, the church shall both undertake and overtake this great work. If it seem too great, he reminds us that omnipotence is His: "All power;" omnipresence is His: "Lo, I am with you;" eternity is His: "Alway, even unto the end of the age."

And, if the church will take up this work faithfully, He will supple- ment all her efforts with His omnipotent, omnipresent, perpetual co- operation.

How the church may serve its own generation has an example in Scripture history. The so-called Acts of the Apostles is a book, the very frame work of which has a strange meaning. It covers just about thirty-three years, the average lifetime of a generation. It reveals the infant church, receiving its" infant baptism," its anointing ofthe Holy Ghost for service; and then undertaking to reach every "nation" and "every creature" with the proclamation of the gospel. The book covers only the period of a single genemtion, as though to show us what was possible even then, with a few disciples who had no wealth, no learning, no social standing; no modern facilities for travel and transportation, for translation and publication and distribution of the word of God, for acquiring and utilizi"!1g foreign tongues; and, as though to demonstrate to each succeeding generation of believers what could be done and what should be attempted, as the progress of the ages should put at their disposal new and marvellous helps to the work.

How did .those primitive disciples undertake the work of serving their own generation by the will of God? As John Wesley said, they were" All at it and always at it." The first glimpse we get of the apostolic church reveals the disciples, men and women, meeting for ten days of continuous prayer, waiting before God for the gift of the Promised Spirit. They had from Christ a verbal commission; now they tarried for that enduement and endowment which were to become a new and actual and dynamic commission: they had the message; now they waited for the power. The only time that was "lost" for the direct work, was the time" saved" in getting the divine preparation for the work. Then, at once, on that very day of Pentecost, the actual business of bearing the message of life to every nation and every creature was systematically begun. Peter's unfolding of pruphecy and of the history that fulfilled it, was the means of bringing 3,000 hearers to the immediate acceptance of Christ as Messiah and Saviour.

That was' the first step. What was the second? Those converted souls became witnesses for God and the gospel unto the uttermost parts of the earth. Read this explicit narrative. Why is the Inspiring Spirit so careful to leave on record the wide representation gathered in that Pentecostal assembly? Four verses in the second chapter are given to the brief delineation of the Pentecostal Descent of Power: the fulness of time, the one accord in one place, the sudden sound from heaven, the three symbolic expressions of the Holy Spirit-the wind or breath, the invisible secret of communicated life; the fire, that represents light, or knowledge, heat, or love-that purifies what 18 most precious and consumes what is worthless; and the cloven ton.tue, that represents the VOICE, that sign and signal and symbol of intelligence and affection, multiplied to meet the ears of all strange peoples.

The next eight verses are given to the delineation of the wide territory represented in that Pentecostal gathering. "There were dwelling at Jerusalem Jews, devout men, out of every nation under heaven." And subsequently minuter particulars are added: they are from the remote East, Parthia and Media; from the north, Pontus, and the shores of the Black Sea; from the south, Arabia and Egypt; from the west, Crete and even Rome. In other words, every quarter and almost every portion of the known world is represented in that audience and in that anointing. Ears accustomed to strange tongues hear in those foreign dialects the story of redemption, and tongues accustomed to foreign speech begin to tell the story to others. What is the Spirit doing? Not simply bringing the message to the ea.rs of all nations in one gathering, but raising up and equipping a great body of heralds to bear the good tidings back to their own peoples. Let lis not attach too narrow a meaning to that phrase, "dwellinJ! at Jerusalem." * These were probably not permanent inhabitants, otherwise they would not have been more familiar with foreign tongues than with their own Jewish language, or the current Hellenistic dialect; they were proba- bly either Jewish proselytes or foreign Jewish residents, who were tem- porarily residing at Jerusalem to keep the sacred feasts, and who would, sooner or later, return to their own homes, going to all points of the compass to carry the good news of salvation. The Eunuch of Ethiopia has generally been regarded as such a proselyte, who, on his return from the sacred city to Ethiopia, was reading Isaiah's prophecy, deeply absorbed in what he has heard at Jerusalem, and who, on be- ing taught by Pl:;tilip, and illumined by the Holy Spirit, went on his way rejoicing; and, as traditon states, together with the evangelist Mark, founded the church at Alexandria.

But we autictipate. The natural, conservative, concentrative ten- dency of the Hebrew converts would lead to their prolonged iltay at Jerusalem. On the one hand there was the old exclusive jealousy of Jerusalem as the capital city and only nucleus of the Jewish state and church; and on the other hand there was the exclusive spirit of Judaism that shut in all Jews, and shut out all Gen- tiles as common and unclean. God interposed to prevent the church from u tarrying at Jerusalem" after being "endued with power from on high." First, He dispersed those disciples by persecution and while the apostles were still at Jerusalem, the great body of be- lievers were scattered abroad, and went every where preaching the word. t And, secondly, He taught Peter, who was both a leader in evangelism and in exclusivism, a threefold lesson on the house-top, that what God had cleansed no man must call common. Here, then, were the three grand conditions of universal evangelism: a universal commission and endl1ement, a general scattering of disciples in all di- rections, and a rebuke of all exclusive Jewish prejudices.

The church of apostolic times heeded the voice and finger of God, and took up, straightway, the work of preaching the gospel to their generation. They all undertook to reach all men God gave suc- cessive Pentecosts, as He always will when the work is done in His own fashion. The outpouring in Jerusale~ was followed by another in Samaria nnder Philip, and another in Oornelius's palace under Peter, and another in Ephesus under Paul,-and so Jew, Samaritan, Ro- man and Greek-all had typical blessings.

Another step must be noted: the division ofthe world-field. So vast a terriiory could not be covered 'in one generation without system There wert several conspicuous" pillars" of the church, leaders of the Lord's host: Peter, James, John; and, later, Paul was added.

*KilTou'oiJV're~. tActs viii : 1-4; xi : 19-21. There were at least four classes of peoples to be looked after-converted Jews in Judea, dispersed Jews in the East, Greeks and Romans. A glance at the Acts of the Apostles and at Galatians 1 : 7-10, will show that there was a distinct und~rstanding entered into and acted upon that there should be a divisiou of labor. James seems to have become the guardian of converted Hebrews in Judea; Peter, to have gone eastward to the Dispersed Tribes about Babylon; John, to have nourished the church in Ephesus, the center of Greek civilization and Diana worship; and Paul to have set his face toward Rome and Gaul. There were doubtless minor subdivisioJ).s of labor, but these cardinal points in the compass of the work are conspicuous. In the book of Acts, after the first ten chapters, Peter disappears from view, because the book is mainly designed to tell us how the doors were opened to the Gentile world, entered by the apostle of the Gentiles. But we are not necessarily to suppose Peter to have been any less active or successful among the circumcision than Paul among the uncircumcision.

Now we have no record of Peter's activity in evangelism, but we may take Paul's as a specimen of how one believer in the early church served his own generation. We find this one man going within thirtythree xears over most of the known world west of the Golden Horn, from Antioch to Athens, from Jerusalem to Rome, and, as some think, to Spain and Britain. And the astounding result of such evangelistic activity on the part of th~ whole church is that Paul is able to write to the Oolossians, before his death, which must have been, of course, before Nero's death, which was in A. D. 68: "The gospel is come unto you as it is in all the world;" and again, "the gospel which ye have heard and which was preached to every creature (or, in all creation, R. V.) under heaven." * Making all allowance for a legit- imate generality of I:'tatemen t, we find it difficult to get away from this fact that, within thirty-five years after our Lord ascended, the gospel had been carried throughout the known world. That generation of believers gave the gospel to that same generation of unbelievers as it has never been done since!

There has been a long, a criminal delay of the church in taking up the enterprise of a world's evangelization. While we have been" playing at missions," fifty generations have come and gone, without one generatiou of them all being overtaken with the gospel! It is believed that, since the days of our Lord, the average of a generation has been from about one-third to one-half of the present popUlation of the globe, say 600,000,000. If so, the aggregate of these fifty generations has been 30,000,000,000 or twenty times the entire present population of the globe! Of course we can form no conception of such a vast host. To march by us in procession, day and night, ten abreast • Colossians i : 6-23; 1 Thess. i: 6·7. passing each second, such a multitude would require nearly a centur,y! Each generation thus perishing without Christ has gone to accuse the church before God of the double crime of unfaithfulness to the Saviour and neglect of souls.

Meanwhile, during all these fifty generations, the church has been suffering injury in every vital interest. The connection between evangelistic activity and evangelical purity is natural and necessary. Dr. Duff rang out this as with a voice of thunder. Shaftesbury testified that the most potent remedy for current unl:>elief, skepticism and ungodliness, is to be perpetually busy in work for souls. And Dr. Hitchcock, almost with his last breath, declared that the church that has no missionaries will soon have no ministers. The primitive church still stands a model and a pattern of purity of faith and fidelity of work. Never was evangelism so universal, both as to those who undertook it and as to those who were reached by it. Ever since, and down to our day, the best churches in every respect have been those which are foremost as aggressive missionary bodies. In fact, the guage of church life has come to be, what we are doing for lost souls outside of ourselves.

But, most of all, this thought oppresses us, that for fifty generations Christ has been waiting to see of the travail of His soul and to be satisfied. Missions have an intensely vital relation to the person of our Lord. He left certain representative commands-commandswhich center about His own personality: "Follow thou ME 1" "Do this, in remembrance of ME"; "Go ye: and 10, I am with you." Weare identified with Him; we are to share His travail, His yearnings, His sorrows, His vicarious agonies;* yes, and His conquest, His satisfaction, His coronation, too. How can we be Christ's, and yet have none of His passion for souls? How escape travailing in birth for souls until Christ be formed in them ?t Upon the banners of the church let us emblazon, as in letters of light, our motto: THE WORLD FOR CHRIST IN OUR OWN GENERATION; and let us take up the work anew, with a firm purpose, by God's help, to overtake eveOry living soul with the message of the Gospel before this generation shall pass away 1 God is in haste to cut short this work in righteousness. In a reverent sense, Dr. Gordon has reversed the old adage, and says, "God's extremity is man's opportunity." We, who are His disciples, must come up on higher ground. Our platform must be one of abso- lute self-surrender to Him for service to our own generation. We must be willing, now and here, to say, "Lord, I am ready to do what- soever Thou shalt appoint." In simple obedience to that last command, without a secular spirit, a calcula:ting hyper-caution, a dependence on worldly patronage, a distrust of adequate support, without wait- *0010s8. i:24. tGal. Iv: 19. ing for the whole church to recognize her obligation or attempt to"

discharge it, those who do feel the mighty pressure of these great facts and truths must covenant with God and each other, that this generation shall not pass away till all this work be done I This conception of evangelism grows upon the writer until it is difficult to think of anything else. God has given to the church of our day a material equipment for this work which is as far in advauce of apostolic days as the speed of steam and lightning is ahead of camels and horses. Every resource is divinely at our disposal. We can go round the earth in ninety days, and girdle it with electricity in ninety seconds. Steam cars wait to carry us wherever engineering can construct a track, and steamboats are ready to float us wherever rivers run. The printing press will multiply the healing leaves of the tree of life as fast as we can scatter them, and the common school, now fast becoming universal, offers to fit every man to read the Scripture in his own tongue. God has flung all the doors open, and every land is now a Macedonia whose voice is, "Come over and help us/' Back of the missions of a century there stand results so amazing that even unbelievers confess the finger of God. In front of the mission band lie unoccupied territories, inviting the plowman and the sower, and white harvest fields demanding the reaper with his sickle. .AJ3 to money, if one-tenth of the treasure now in the coffers of Christians in England and America were put on the altar of sacrifice, it would suffice to multiply all that is now spent on the entire mission field~ two hundredfold. Do we realize what that means? It means twelve hundred thousand missionaries in the field, or one to every eight hundred of the unevangelized; it means churches, schools and colleges in every heathen, pagan, papal, and Moslem community; it means the blessing long since promised, when all the tithes are brought into the store-house,-a blessing poured out until there be none left to pour ouf; 1* Here is a magnificent material equipment, but it is a machine without an adequate motor. All the combined energy of the flesh will never set this huge mechanism in motion. There is bnt one Power equal to the emergency; it is the vital spark that flashes from above, and only prevailing prayer can bring that spark down. The whole church of Gou should be on her knees, pleading and waiting for the celestial fire. Let that descend, and every wheel will move and every lever play; money will be outpoured like water; life will offer its vitality and vigor, and, better than treasure or life, LOVE will count no cost dear, no toil hard, no load heavy, when Jesus leads and souls are dying! We write these words with the conviction taking hold like a taproot upon the depths of our being, that it is both practicable and *lIIalachI3: 10. See Hebrew.

MUSTARD SEEDS OF MISSIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA

possible to preach the Gospel to every human being before this generation passes away!

THE MUSTARD SEED OF MISSIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA.

BY REV. LEWIS GROUT, WEST BRATTLEBOROUGH, VT.

IT was a little more than 150 years ago, or in 1737, that George Schmidt began to tell the story of the cross to a little company of darkminded Hottentots at Bavian's Kloof, 130 miles out from Cape Town. This little nook at length took on the more beautiful and appropriate name Genadendal. or "Vale of Grace." Having built a house, planted a garden, set out a few fruit trees, taught some of the people to read the Scriptures, and gathered a few of them into the fold of Christ, the Dutch settlers began to put such hindrances in the way of his work that, at the end of seven years, he was obliged to give up and leave the field. And yet, the seed he sowed, though much of it laY" buried long, was neither lost nor forgotten. After a lapse of 50 years the way was opened for others to come in and renew the work. Reaching the same field, "the Vale of Grace," to their great joy, in a few remains of the old mission walls, a few fruit trees still in bearing, and, most of all, in a few praying souls, they found glad mementoes and proof of the good work there begun in the years of long ago, and among the rest an aged Hottentot woman, whom SchmIdt had baptized, who still remembered her beloved teacher, had, indeed, a Bible he had given her, and rejoiced exceedingly when she was told that the new missionaries were his brethren. This new mission, though for a time greatly opposed by the Dutch, was greatly blessed of God. The enterprise, there and thus begun, has continued to grow until that" Vale of Grace" is now able to show a large and prosperous settlement, and a congregation of more than three thousand members, and from this blessed center the good work of theMoravians has gone on to prosper and extend till it now includes two South African provinces with 16 stations, 60 missionaries, and more than 12,000 converts to the Christian faith.

It was not long after Schmidt's immediate successors revived his work, that the London Missionary Society was formed (1795) and began to seek some one who should be suited to the same pioneer work of carrying the light of the Gospel to the benighted tribes of Africa. Nor was it long before they found such a man in the person of John Theodosius Vanderkemp, of Holland. Having pursued a five years' course of training at the University of Leyden, distinguished himself as captain of horse and lieutenant of dragoon guards in the army, taken a course of study in the classics, both ancient and modem, in the natural sciences, and in philosophy, at Edinburgh, and then risen to great repute in the practice of medicine, and been subject, meantime, to much severe discipline at the hands of the Lord, at the age of fifty he responded to the call to be a leader in raising the standard of t116 cross in one of the darkest parts of the earth, and entered upon his work in 1799 at the Cape of Good Hope. Having labored for a time among the slaves, Mohammedans and Hottentots here at the Cape, and awakened a deep interest in his mission on the part of the colonists, he set forward for the regions beyond; and then to the northeast, among Hottentots, Kafirs, and other tribes, shrinking from no labor or peril, however great, he did a marvellous work for Christ and his poor. Often opposed, often persecuted, yet never yielding, he devoted himself with great diligence and fidelity, for 13 years, to the cause he loved; and then, with a few farewell words, went suddenly to the rest his Lord ~ad prepared for him in "the better country." The station which Vanderkemp founded at Bethelsdorf continued to prosper, and the work he began under the auspices of the London Society went on to develop and extend until it has already raised up more than a hundred native preachers, brought about 6,000 souls into the church, and won to its instruction about 30,000 adherents.

'1'he Wesleyan Missionary Society began work in South Africa in 1814. Extending its operations by degrees from the Oape Colonyinto, Kaffraria, Natal, and the Bechuanaregions, it now numbers 40 stations, 60 missionaries, and more than 6,000 church members. The Rhenish Society, which commenced operations in this field in 1829, now numbers more than 10,000 members. The Berlin began in 1833 and has 8,000 members. The American Board, which entered the field in 1834, has grown into three missions, the Zulu, the East African, and the West African, and now numbers 30 stations, 48 laborers from America, more than 40 native assistants, about 2,000 under instruction and 7,000 adherents. Besides these, the French Protestant Missionary Society is doing a large and blessed work among the Bechuana and other tribes. The Norwegians are laboring among the Zulus, the Scotch among the Kafirs, the Hanoverians and the Ohurch of England in Natal and Zululand.

These, with a few other organizations, make more than a dozen societies at work in South Afri~a, occupying more than 200 stations, and employing about 500 foreign laborers, besides a much larger force of native helpers. Of the success and value of these labors we get some idea when we find it estimated that not less than 40,000 souls have been brought in this way into the Redeemer's fold, 50,000 children gathered into Ohristian schools, and 100,000 men and women blessed with the direct teaching of the gospel of Ohrist.

Similar labors have been bestowed upon other parts of the continent, and similar results achieved. Well nigh every Christian nation is coming to have a mission, one or more, in some part of that long-neglected land. The mustard seed which the Lord used George Schmidt to plant 150 years ago, in the Southern angle of the continent, though it lay, in

HE BOOK OF ACTS AND THE WORLD'S EVANGELIZATION

a measure, hid for half a century, has taken deep root, sent up a vigorous stem, and sent out many a strong and fruitful branch. The successes of the past, the openings of the present, and the demand for the future should awaken a redoubled devotion to the blessed work. In no age of the world, in no history of continents, can anything be found so surprising as the discoveries and developments made in Africa since the days of those pioneer missionaries, Schnirlt and Vanderkemp. It would take long to tell how her bays have been sounded since their time, how her plains have been spanncd, her mountains scaled, her rivers threaded, lakes discovered, diamonds found, and a goodly number ' of grand highways projected into even "';he remotest parts of that, till of late little known, yet most marvellous land of the sun; and all under the gracious ordering of the Lord, that men freighted with the blessings of the gospel of God's own dear Son might enter and occupy. EthIopia, all Africa, is on tiptoe of expectancy, only waiting to know who God is, that she may stretch out her hands unto Him, and be lifted into His truth and grace.

THE BOOK OF AOTS AND THE WORLD'S EVANGELIZA- TION.

BY PROF. A. W. PITZER, WASHINGTON, D. C.

THE Book of Acts was written by a Gentile physician, who was the intimate associate of the special Apostle to the Gentiles and his companion in the work of evangelization. It is not a record of disconnected facts and incidents in the lives of the Apostles, but an accurate and scientific history of what Jesus continued to do after His ascension, through His spirit, His word and His servants. The principles and patterns of all missionary work, in all lands, among all peoples, until time shall be no more, are contained in this precious book; and as the church addresses herself more and more eagerly to the great and blessed work of preaching the gospel to every creature, she will also turn with ever-increasing delight to this noblest of all missionary records for guidance, for strength and for comfort.

Until our Lord shall return in bodily presence from the heavens, the elements of the missionary problem will never be essentially different from what they were when Luke prepared this record: A risen Lord on his Father's throne in glory; an omniscient and omnipresent Spirit; a living Word, written by men inspired by the Holy Ghost; living men and women, filled with the Spirit and thus endued with power to be witnesses for Ohrist; a lost race, without God and without hope either for this world or the next; the command of the King, H Go ye"; and the limit of labor-Ci into all the world."

In this Apostolic constitution and by-laws of the First Missionary Society there is a conspicuous absence of elaborate and intricate machinery, of minute rules and regulations for the guidance of the missionaries, ot endowed colleges and seminaries for training ministers, of multiplied scholastic requirements before anyone should preach the gospel-in fact, many things now thought to be indispensable, were not, at that time, even so much as thought of.

And yet the old Roman Empire extended from north to south more than 1,500 miles, and from east to west more than 2,000 miles, and included Medes, Parthians, Syrians, Ethiopians, Egyptians, Cretes, Arabs, Greeks, and many other tribes and tongues of Europe. ChrIst was the Captain, the Word was the instrument, believers were the agents, power was to come from the Holy Ghost; the only waiting to be done by the missionaries was for Him: He would endue them for their work, then they must start, and never stop until the gospel had been preached among all nations as God's witness.

Not the apostles only, but all disciples, were to go everywhere preaching the gospel. The duty of evangelizing the world was not laid upon a chosen few, with superb scholastic attainments, who could discuss gnosticism and polytheism with the scientists of that era; but every disciple who felt in his own soul the power of the Holy Ghost, was to go forth, and as the one supreme business of his life tell his fellow-men what he personally knew of Jesus of Nazareth; they were all filled with the Holy Ghost, and went everywhere evangelizing.

We hear much in these days of new and difficult problems, and of new and special difficulties in the missionary work. But there are no new problems, and no special difficulties. The problems and difficulties that confront the missionary of to-day confronted the missionary of the Apostolic age. Heathenism, polytheism, philosophical speculations, sacramentarianism, polygamy, drunkenness, licentiousness, prize-fights, theatres, party spirit, persecutions, unknown languages, different tribes, tongues, races, slavery-these were in the world then, they are in the world now. The Book of Acts is a perfect Manual of Missions for all Christians, in all lands, among all peoples, through all ages, until the gospel has been preached to all nations as God's witness and the end shall come, and the Lord shall return.

The gospel proclaimed by apostolic Christians came in contact and conflict with every phase and form of human existence; in contact and conflict with Jewish bigotry, with Grecian idolatry, with Roman cruelty, with Cyprian licentiousness, with Ephesian magic, with Corinthian luxury, with Lystrian barbarism, with Sadducean skepticism, with Epicurian agnosticism-in contact with race prejudice, caste, polygamy, slavery, the drink traffic and the social evil; and the testimony oJ the humble witnesses, under the power of the Holy Ghost, was indeed the power of God unto salvation; and the men and women of all classes and conditions, of al~ races and tongues, turned from idolatry and vice to serve the living God and to wait for his son, Jesus Christ, from heaven. What problem or difficulty can meet the evan-

THE MIRACLES OF MISSIONS

gelists of to-day that did not meet the evangelists of the first Christian century? Within the pale of the church, then, there were mistakes of jndgment, and sins in conduct; there were legalism and Antinomianism; excesses and excitements; false teachers and bad doctrine; dissentions and factions; backsliders and apostates; but in spite of all these evils, the work went on, believers were multiplied on every hand, churches were organized and Christ was honored.

After eighteen centuries, the church of this age finds itself engaged in the evangelization of the world; and we call this the era of univerversal missions, when many questions of urgent interest cry aloud for answer; the sphere and functions of Missionary Boards, the powers of the evangelist, the relation between the home and foreign churches, the status of heathen converts, churches and ministers, the erection and support of schools and colleges, female missionaries, medical missions, the uses of cI,"eeds, denominational comity, increase of heathen populations, Mohammedanism and Buddhism. Whatever answers may be given to these questions, the fact remains that all the essential elements of the missionary problem are precisely the same to-day that they were in the apostolic age of the church. As regards evangelization, there is no new thing under the sun. In every perplexity and difficulty the disciple of Ohrist may turn with confident hope to this Missionary Manual for light and guidance; he will not here search in vain for either principle or practice, for example or illustration.

THE MIRAOLES OF MISSIONS.

. WORK AMONG THE WY'NDS IN IJLASGOW.* [EDITORIAL-A. T. P.] LOVE is omnipotent. Wherever passion for souls burns there we may find a new mount of transfiguration, where the earthly takes on the complexion of the heavenly. Let us find an example of the power of such love and holy passion in one of the citief: of Scotland.

It is now a little more than forty years ago since a young man of 23 undertook work as an agent in the Glasgow Oity Mission. Even before he was fully accepted as a missionary by the directors of the work, he began his apprenticeship by visits at every house in one of the lowest districts, and by conversing with every person there encountered, as to eternal things. The whole salary he was to receive for a year's work was less than two hundred dollars; and the section of the city appointed to him was especially needy and destitute, and particularly difficult as a field of labor. It had never yet been occupied and was in the worst respect pioneer ground. It has been well said that he who is not ready to preach the gospel everywhere and anywhere is fit to preach nowhere; and we are more and more persuaded that if every candidate for the office of the ministry were first tried in some such field it would prove a training in its way more profitable than any • John G. Paton, missionary to the New Hebrides. London: Hodder& Stoughton. discipline in the classroom, and would "shake the napkin at the four corners," and disclose whether or not there were in it even "one talent" for winning souls. What a preparation for practical dealing with men and women and children; with people of every variety of temper and temperament, of thought and opinion, of character and life, would such an experience be !

But we anticipate. The young man, who took up that work in that most degraded district in the great Scotch Manchester, was John G. Paton; afterwards the devoted missionary to the New Hebrides, a man whose biography, just issued from the press of Hodder & Stoughton, is uusurpassed for stimulating and inspiring narrative by any existing story of heroism. Mr. Paton found that many families around the Green street of Oalton had never been visited by any TYbinister; and there were lapsed church members who, for ten and even twenty years, had never been in a church building, and had been called on not even by a Ohristian visitor. Of course, in such classes and courts the worst conditions of society were to be found. Drunkenness, infidelity, licentiousness, blasphemy, ran riot; and there was no religion to set up any barrier against them save Romanism in it~most ignorant and superstitious form. Sin and vice walked about openly, naked and not ashamed.

Four hours a day were spent in house-to-house visits. Little prayer circles, or larger evening meetings, with personal sympathetic contact, were the means mostly used to reach and relieve all this misery of soul and body. A Sabbath evening evangelistic service was very needful; but the only available place for it was a hay-loft, with cowstalls below and a rickety wooden staircase as an outside approach. After a year's hard work Mr. Paton could show only six or seven nonchurch goers whom he had persuaded to come regularly to this rude assembly room, besides about as many more who on a week night met in a humble room of a house of the poor. That very house was a scene of gospel triumphs. The hardworking Irishwoman who lived there had a husband whob the demon of drink turned into a monster, and who cruelly beat her and pawned for accursed rum everything of value. Through the influence of these night meetings this man became a total abstainer, abandoned his evil doing, and not only attended Sabbath worship regularly, but urged others both to become abstainers from drink and attendants at worship. '.rhis man and thi!:! woman became the first real helpers of Mr. Paton in his self-denying work in the wynds of Glasgow.

Still the results of twelve months' work were so small that the directors inclined to abandon Green street as a hopeless and fruitless field and try some other section of t.he great city. But Mr. Paton's heart had become enlisted, and he who afterward at hourly risk of life persisted in abiding among the cannibals of Tanna, pleaded for another six months among Green street heathen. He obtained permission; and at the next meeting told his little congregation that if he could not induce more non-church-goers to attend he would be sent to work elsewhere. Few as they were, they had already learned to believe in Mr. Paton and to love him, and they remembered that first lesson in arithmetic, "two times one is two; " and so each one present agreed to come to the next meeting and bring one more. Of course that simple and easy method at once doubl~d the attendance. When people learn this practical multiplication table, it is surprising what wonders are wrought. From this time forth no house that could be had in that whole district was big enough for the meeting. A Bible class, singing class, communicants' class, Total Abstinence Society, Mutual Improvement Society, etc., were instituted. Beside the usual services, two prayer-meetings were opened for the policemen, one for those who were on day duty, and one for those on night duty. Mr. Paton now found every evening in the week occupied with his work, and every Sabbath brought two public services.

And now the hay-10ft had to be abandoned, for the owner required it, and the poor people were at a loss for any other place of assembly. The hostlers and other servants of a certain coach-hirer, lIfenzies by name, got permission to clear out another unused hay-loft, and at their own cost built an outside stairs for approach, to the great relief of the little congregation. Mr. Paton shared the general joy, but felt that if the work were to prosper, a permanent building of some sort must be had which they could control; and with the help of Thomas Binnie, Esq., secured not only a good site, but a Mission Hall was projected at Mr. Binnie's own expense. Just then a block of buildings being offered for sale, singularly adapted for the purpose, this generous benefactor persuaded Dr. Symington's congregation, in connection with which this mission work was carried on, to buy the whole block; and so, at the crisis of the work, God's providence put at the disposal of Mr. Paton and his mission buildings suitable both for evangelistic and educational work.

Of course the time had now come for reorganizing aud enlarging this work. At 7 A. M. on the Lord's Day. Mr. Paton held a class for BIble study, where from seventy to one hundred of the poorest young men and women of the vicinity were gathered. They came in their workclothes, for they had but one suit, all without coverings for their heads, and some without shoes for their feet. Mr. Paton remarked with joy how contact with the gospel brought improvement even in dress and manners. Gradually the attendants began to come in better and more complete attire, fitter for such assemblies; then they were emboldened to "go to church; " and then to bring others with them. Their teacher's joy in his work was ecstatic, but it was not reached by any dainty and delicate steps. At six o'clock every Sunday morning this indefatigable worker might have been seen running from stl'eet to sheet and from door to door for an hour, drumming up his recruits. He kuocked and called, till he roused the careless and the sleepy; and by dint of such perseverance he got together and kept together that early morning Bible class. At a later stage in its history, a band of voluntary visitors from the class itself undertook to relieve him and loolf after the irregular, indifferent and tardy members.

On Monday nights this devoted city missionary held a sort of Bible ;reading for all who chose to come; on Wednesday evenings a combined Bible lecture and prayer service that half filled the church; and on Thursdays an Intending Oommunicants' class for the instruction of those who wished to confess Ohrist and join anyone of the Protestant churches in the city. Friday evening brought a singing class for church music, and Saturday, a total abstinence meeting, in which the members themselves conducted the varied exercises. Mr. ,Paton testifies to the great influence and power of Temperance as the handmaid of the gospel. He himself being a total abstainer both from liquor and tobacco, he found himself the more able to influence others to forego these injurious indulgences.

Thus this mission, which began with so little promise, became a feeder to all the churches, training active and useful members for neighboring congregations; not only so but it became a kinll of theological seminary in which eight lads got their first lessons in Latin and Greek from Mr. Paton's little stock, and their training for the work of preaching the gospel and winning souls.

And now this Oalton Mission grew rapidly to unrivalled dimensions. From 500 to 600 were in weekly attendance, exclusively poor wageworkers and very largely mill-workers. The results were wide-reaching and far-reaching. Habits improved, personal appearance and the whole environment; many removed to better localities. But Mr. Paton kept watch and hold npon them nntil he saw them safely housed in some church. Often his four hours of daily labor which were "nominated in the bond," expanded to double that time. He trained eight or ten devoted young men and twice as many young women as visitors and tract distributors, and twice a month they went on their rounds of visits. At monthly meetings of workers, reports were made and matters of importance brought to notice. Mr. Paton fou.ud himself the head of a sort of Bureau of Tract Distribution, Relief and Employment.

All this work for God and His poor could not be carried on without antagonism. The keepers of the public houses saw the Total Abstinence Society making fearful inroads on their destructive business, and they were ready for any act of undcrhanded or openhanded violence. Mx:. Paton held, on summer nights and Saturday afternoons, Evangelistic and Total Abstinence meetings in Thomson's Lane. The top of an outside staircase furnished a ready pulpit, and the audiences were large, though the gospel had no meretricious charms of art and resthetics by which to "draw." Oomplaints were made by these tavern keepers to the captain of the police that these meetings were hurting their trade. l!'ortunately the complamt was true, though in another sense frpm that intended by the complainants. The captain happened to be himself a pious Wesleyan, and he informed Mr. Paton of the complaints and of the attendance of his police force, but bade him go on and conduct the meeting as usual. A large crowd gathered, and among them many of the dram-sellers and their minions, expecting to see the police break up the meeting and humiliate the missionary and his helpers. The police appeared in force, headed by Oaptain Baker, and the foes of the mission were jubila.nt in anticipation of a row. But the meeting proceeded in so orderly a fashion that Oaptain Baker himself surprised both friends and foes by mounting the platform and devoutly listening till the close. Thus the whiskey ring had to "wait out" the service and hear the gospel-which was not a frequent experience. And at the end of the service Oaptain Baker, instead of breaking up the meeting, or prohibiting others like it, spoke warmly in favor of the work and wished it God speed.

So the enraged dram-sellers planned another assault. The next Saturday evening, a spirit-dealer ran his van in front of the iron gateway of the church which was the only place of egress for the assembled multitude. Two young men were sent by Mr. Paton to drag away the wagon; they were seized and marched off to the police office for "injuring the whiskey-dealer'S property!" and when Mr. Paton ran after them to ask their offense, he was threatened with similar arrest if he did not cease his interference. He went with them to the station. The rumor flew that the missionary and his young men were being" taken up" by the police, and a crowd ran to the rescue; but Mr. Paton begged them to refrain from all disturbance. The lieutenant on duty was manifestly in league with the conspirators and no justice would have been done but for the interference of some gentleman who threatened to expose the whole outrage, and the accused parties were suddenly set at liberty.

Romanism and skepticism likewise opposed the work; and Mr. Paton at first tried to offset their influence by lectures with free discussion at the close, but he became satisfied that he was only advertising the devil's wares, and he abandoned all defensive methods for the simple preaching of the gospel.

We cannot close this remarkable chapter of city missions without an example or two of the wondrous power of the gospel in these Wynds. An infidel lecturer in that district was very sick and Mr. Paton was called to see him. He found him in the midst of a library of infidel publications which he eagerly circulated to poison the minds of the linwary. Whatever little he knew of the Word of God, was only sufficient to feather the arrows of his ridicule. But now he felt himself to Qe taking that awful" leap into the dark," and his mind was full of terror at the "unknown." Mr. Paton's visits were so blessed even to .that hardened sinner, that another wonder, like that of Ephesus, occurred. With cries and tears for pardon and peace, he became a penitent believer and called in all the infidel works he had set in circulation, piled them together after his wife and daughter had torn them in pieces, and he himself struck the light that turned the pile to ashes. * That man was so completely transformed by that simple gospel message that he not only abandoned his infidelity and ceased to be a panderer and procurer for the devil, but till the close of life continued to wit- ness to souls and thereby to win souls.

The district where Mr. Paton labored was so degraded and depraved that he not unfrequently came upon those who seemed to be possessed of a demon. He met an infidel whose blasphemies made even his vile neighbors shudder; and who even as death approached would not hear a word of gospel comfort, but foamed with rage and even spat at Mr. Paton when he mentioned the name of Jesus. His hatred to God seemed to drive him mad. He yelled like a demoniac, and tore to pieces his very bedclothes, till he had to be bound to his iron bed, still foammg out curses and blasphemies. When the humble missionary asked if he might pray for him, he shouted with all his remaining strength, "Pray for me to the DEVIL!" And when Mr. Paton re- minded him that he had declared that he did not believe in either God or devil, he shouted again in terrific rage, "Yes, I do believe in a devil and a God, and a just God, too; but I have hated Him in life and I hate Him in dea.th I "

Yet, even into such a "mouth of hell" went this fearless young mis- sionary, even there to rescue souls; and he did it I He was called to see a doctor who was both an unbeliever and a drunkard. In hi.s at- tacks of delirium tremens he had tried one and another method of suicide. At one time the watchers barely succeeded in dashing from his lips, after a fierce struggle, a fatal draught of prussic acid; again they caught a glimpse of a shining lancet hid in the :folds of his shirt with which he would have bled himself to death. In one of these fits of suicidal madness Mr. Paton, at his request, took his seat beside him, alone, he having first promised that he would do anything the mis- sionary would ask if everyone else might be put out of the room. After a long conversation Mr. Paton took down a dusty Bible that had long lain neglected in the closet, and after reading said: "Now, shall we pray?" "Yes," said the doctor; and kneeling beside him, the missionary whispered: "You pray first."

*Oompare Acts xix: 17-20.

NOTES FROM OUR ENGLISH CORRESPONDENT

"I curse. I cannot pray; would you have me curse God to His face? "

"You promised to do all that I asked. You must pray or try to . pray, and let me at least hear that you cannot."

"I cannot curse God on my knees; let me stand, and I will curse him; I cannot pray."

Mr. Patou gently but firmly held him on his knees, saying: "Just try to pray, and let me hear you cannot." Instantly he cried out: "0 Lord, thou knowest I cannot pray," and strove to rise up as though Satan were struggling within him to turn that beginning of prayer into a curse. But the noble winner of souls took up that unfinished prayer and continued it as though it were his own, till the old blasphemer was subdued and quiet at the feet of the Master. Then inducing him to lie down and sitting beside him till he fell asleep, Mr. Paton commended him to the care of the Lord, and slipped away to other duties. Returning later in the day, the poor victim of delirium was found in his right mind; nay, running to meet the missionary, he hugged him in his arms, crying, "Thank God, I can pray now! I rose refreshed from sleep, and for the first time in my life prayed with my wife and children; and now I shall do so every day and serve God while I live, who hath dealt" in so great mercy with me !" And so he did, joining Dr. Symington's church, and giving his medical skill to a holy ministry to God's destitute little ones, as anxious for their souls as their bodies, until he, who once could not pray, but only curse, fell sweetly asleep in Jesus, to wake where there is "no more curse."

What wonder that even anonymous letters threatening his life, and the public curses from the altar by Romish priests, and the advice of directors of the mission could not induce this brave city missionary to leave a work attended by such supernatural power of God. For ten years he struggled patiently on, though he was at one time felled to the g.round by a stone hurled.at him by a malignant Papist, and mar- vellously escaped assault after assault upon his life. While we sit quietly at home, in our easy chair, or making rousing addresses or write with burning pens on city evangelization, or the estrangement of the masses from the church, here is one man who dives into the depths of all this depravity and degradation, and demonstrates what love and the gospel can do to rescue drowning souls!

NOTES FROM OUR ENGLISH CORRESPONDENT, REV. JAMES JOHNSTON, A. S. A.

I. RELEASE OF EAST AFRICAN MISSIONARIES.

AFTER months of suspense there is rejoicing among the frIends of the English Church Missionary Society over the telegram from Zanzibar of May 5: "Mr. D. A. L. Hooper, the last of the missionaries detained by Bushiri, has arrived here safely." In conne"ction with the release of the entire band of missionaries, special acknowledgment is due to the British Consul- General, Col. Euan Smith, at Zanzibar. His energy and tact in effecting the safe arrival of the missionaries recalls the generous aid tendered to Dr. Livingstone by Sir John Kirk some 25 years ago. Since the outbreakofhos- tilities between. the Arabs and German traders, the missionaries have been imprisoned at the mission stations of Mamboia and Mpwapwa, about 160 miles from Bagamoyo. Early in February the British Consul deputed the Arab Commissioner to re-open the negotiations for the safe conduct of the missionaries to the coast. Meanwhile, March 11, a gleam of consolation was given by the French missjonaries securing the ransom of the German missionaries, numbet"ing six men and one lady, on payment of 6,000 rupees and the sunender of 12 slaves captured by the German war vessel, the Leip- sic. Subsequently rumors reached Zanzibar that the missionaries belong- ing to England were in daily apprehension of a catastrophe at the mission station. A letter from Mrs. Roscoe, a missionary's wife, dated Mamboia, March 11, and received in England April 28, showed the danger to which the brave band was exposed. The raids of the hostile natives compelled them twice to retire to the hills. In vain they tried to obtain a travelling escort. From this neighborhood Mr. Brooks, at his own risk and against the wishes of his friends, attempted at the cost of his life, to make a pas- sage. The lady correspondent had slight faith in Bushiri, which was speed- ily vedfied by his demand for a ransom as soon as he had the missionaries in his power.

Late in March the French missionaries, by request of the British authori- ties, prevailed upon Bushiri to grant the English missionaries protection from Mamboia and guaranteed arrival into Bagamoyo. Thh. port and mis- sionary station is COining in to rapid prominence. From Bagamoyo, which lies to the southwest of Zanzibar, runs the main trade route inland to Lake Tanganyika. A telegram was dispatched to England April 24, fromZanzi- bar, stating that Mr. Roscoe, of the Church Missionary Society, and his . wife, who were on their way from Mamboia to the coast, had been released by Bushiri and were then receiving the hospitality of the French mission station at Bagamoyo. This good news was darkened with the intelligence of the retention in Bushiri's camp of the Rev. W. E. Taylor, Dr. C. S. Ed- wards and MI'. D. A. L. Hooper, three of the society's missionaries, as hos- tages, for whose redemption 10,000 rupees were demanded. With commenda- ble decision the acting British Consul, Mr. Hawes, authorized the Ft"ench missionaries to pay the entire required amount.

A message dated Zanzibar, April 28, intimated that Bushiri had allowed the Rev. W. E. Taylor and Dr. Edwards to leave his quarters. Without de- lay, the missionaries, in the company of Mr. and Mrs. Roscoe, proceeded from Bagamoyo to Zanzibar, en route for Mombasa. Bushiri still detained 111'. Hooper, on the plea that he was not a missionary and did not hail either from Mpwapwa or Mamboia. Fresh negotiations resulted in his release as announced in the first telegram. Happily, the reported death of Mr. Stokes is untrue. Despite his very critical situation, he has passed through the country safely, and is now on the Victoria Nyanza, arranging for commu- nication by water with Uganda.

The unwearied efforts of Col. Euan Smith throughout the negotiations }Iave made him popular on the East African coast and in England. His de- parture from Zanzibar on a short visitto London was a signalfor an ovation at Zanzibar. In this the fOI"eign representatives, the native community, and even influential Arabs participated. Captain Wissmann cordially bade the Consul a temporary farewell, expressing his intention to encourage British Indian commerce on the German seaboard, and forthwith to open and . protect the caravan routes into the interior !rom Bagamoyo, and Bwam- bara.

Since Col. Euan Smith's arrival in England he has paid visits to the For- eign Office. He has freely communicated his views to the Church Mission- ary Society with regard to the outlook in East AfrIca. With Great Britain the Sultan remains friendly. In suppressing slavery the combined blockade of Germany, England and the other powers had been most effective. The conveyance of slaves by sea had been almost entirely checked. A less fa- vorable statement is made respecting the stoppage of the importation of arms and ammunition. These were landed among general cargoes in large dhows. The Colonel denies the truth of the charge made in the English House of Commons, that slave dhows carried the French flag, or that let- ters of marque were given to such craft by French Cousuls. With reference to German colonization, the Colonel spoke of an interview with Captain Wissmann at Zanzibar. He believed him to be a man of great power and I knowledge, whose experience would undoubtedly help him in hi,; mission.

The latest telegram, May 5, states that the hostilities between Captain Wissmann and Bushiri are imminent neal' Bagan-lOYo. The German force numbers about 400 men, composed of Europeans, Soudanese, Tomalis and Zulus. His purposed by the Germans to restore law at Lundi, Kilwa, Dar- as-Salaam, Pangani and Tonga, and to make a re-conquest of the stations Usagara, Usegua, Ukami and Nguro, belonging to the German East African Company. Along the coast-line from Wanga to Rovuma Bay a pax Ger- manica will, if possible, be impol'ed. Gl'ave apprehensions are felt regard- ing the issues of the ensuing conflid on the mission centres situated in East Central Africa.

P.S.-We append the following telegrams, which are creating much ex- citement in English missionary and colonial circles: " ZANZIBAR, May 9. .. There was a decided engagement yesterday between Captain Wissmann and Bushiri, the former being assisted by a detachment of 200 German sailors. Bushiri's camp was captured and destroyed, and his followers dispersed. His loss was 70 killed and 20 prison- srs. One German naval officer was killed and several of Captain Wissmann's officers were wounded. Forty black soidiers were killed. Bushiri has escaped."

"BERLIN, May 10. "Captain Wissmann's victory over the Arab insurgent leader, Bushiri-a victory though achieved with considerable superior forces-bodes well, think people here, for the future tranquility of German East Africa. . The Imperial Commissary's forces numbered about 900 men, iucluding 200 marilles from the blockading squadron, while Bushiri's in- trenched camp was defended by only 600 of his followers. The fight was short and sharp. Bushiri. himself, managed to escape, according to one account, even before the stormers advanced on his position, his loss being 80 killed and 20 prisoners. while Captain Wissmann had 40 of his black troops killed and one German sergeant of the naval contingent,one offi- cer-Lieutenant Schella of the Schwalbe-and a marine, of the Leipsic, were killed. What effect this defeat of the Arabs will have on the future of the missionaries and other Euro- peans in the interior, remains to b~ seen, but the opinion here is that the insurrection on the East coast will now collapse."

The London Times' comment on the conJecture is as follows: "The escape of Bushiri renders the issue uncertain, nor is it possible to avoid apprehen- sions for the safety of Europeans in the interior. There is a solidarity among the so-called Arab traders of Easters and Central Africa, arising from the con~iction that the advance of Europeans into the country is fatal to their interests."

II. THE BAPTIST MISSIONARY· SOCIETY.

Rev. C. H. Spurgeon has recently spoken in tones of strong encouragement on missionary matters. He remarked that it was wonderful how much was being done for the conversion of the world by Christian people of all sorts, in aU sorts of ways. He believed their missions would yield a glorious harvest tor Christ one day, whether they lived to see it or not. Sometimes it took a. good while to prepare for a great work, and a vast amount of material had to be expended in order to make the foundation solid and good. He had no doubt that by and by they would be well repaid for all their labor and sowing of seed. In a similat' vein of congratulation his brother, the Rev. J. A. Spurgeon, urged all Christian toilers to remember that love was the secret of success in foreign missions.

It is noteworthy that notwithstanding the criticisms which Mr. Caine made upon the methods pursued by the Baptist Society in India, and also the severe strictures to which Canon Taylor subjects the Church Mi5sionary Society, both societies are in receipt of unprecedented incomes for 1888. Secretary Baynes, of the former society, announced at the annual meeting thatthe receipts for the yeal' just closed amounted to £80,818, as compared with £66,- 209 for the previous year, an increase of £14,609. A special sum of £3,800 had likewise been contributed for the relief of sufferers in the Chinese famine. Still thet'e was at the close of the year a deficit of £2,800, caused by increased expense in connection with the Congo Mission. Part of this deficit had been made up. The river Congo rates for transportation were excessively large. Mr. Baynes stated that the contract for the new Congo railway had been signed. On its anticipated completion four years hence the cost of mission freights would be much reduced. This railway will have a length of 265 miles, at a cost of 25,000,000 francs. It will start from the Underhill Baptist Station on the Lower Congo and terminate at Kinshasha, Stanley Pool. By this communication Central African commerce, civilization and Christianity will be enormously benefited.

From the report of the society (ninety-seventh) we learn that six missionaries have died and eleven new ones gone forth during the past year. On the society's staff are now 125 English missionaries and 334 native preachers. The numbers of unpaid native agents and self-supporting native churches formed a promising outlook. In 1888 the converts baptized represented 317 in India, 113 in the Bahamas (and upwards of 240 awaiting baptism in the out-stations), 70 in the Shantung province of China, 40 in Japan and 22 at San Salvador. Marked progress was noted III the Congo Mission. In China there were 21 Baptist missionaries who for some months had been mainly engaged in ministering to the famine-stricken Chinese in Eastern China. Two of them were credited with keeping ~live 2,000 at a station in the city where they resided and over 10,000 others in the neighborhood.

Educational and literary agencies had been vigorously maintained. The sale of bibles, religious books and tracts during 188£ in India by the Baptists had never been exceeded. Issnes of portions and complete copies of the Scriptures from the Calcutta Mission numbered 34,535. Testimonies of missionaries and civilians demonstrate that the preaching of the gospel and the translations of the Bible are working a revolution in that empire, and inevitably, is gradually undermining the degraded superstitions of the Hindoos.

'1'he Baptist Zenana Missionary Society drew as usual a crowded assembly. Financially the year has been exceedingly stimulating. Receipts were £9,- 641, which leaves in the treasury a balance of £1,100. Miss Angus, of the Ladies' Home, Delhi, delivet'ed a notable address, from which we quote a single passage: "The map of India is now dotted over with mission stations. Butit must be remembered that these are, for the most part, situated in the large cities, and even there the work to be done far exceeds the strength of the workers. There are literally thousands of smaller towns and villages as yet unoccnpied, hundreds of thousands who have never heard the name of Christ. Day by day the cry goes up to God from many a heart, 'Refuge bath failed me, no man careth for my soul.' For' the millions of India still lie untouched.' Dr. Pierson's words in THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THill WORLD snould ring in our ears: • We are not responsible for conversion, but we are for contact.' When will the church of Christ rouse herself to the duty of contact with these millions?"

III. MISSIONARIES FOR CENTRAL AFRICA.

Toward the last of March a splendid ovation was given in'Exeter Hall to the eight pioneer missionaries departing for Central Africa in connection with the new Balolo Mission. This mission has been formed for the evangelization of the Balolo people dwelling in the Upper Congo, and is a continuation and extension of the Livingstone Inland Mission, begun in 1878. The chairman of the meeting, Mr. J. E. Mathieson, held that it was obligatOL'y upon England to let Africa occupy a large place in the affection and intecests of the church. In deprecating the sever-ely critical attitude taken by so many toward missions, the speaker endorsed the action of five or six of the great missionary societies in London whose methods were being revised in orner to open their doors to young men who had not gone through the regul.ar college curriculum. In sending forth this class of missionaries the directors would command the sympathies and gratitude of the churches. Dr. Grattan Guinness followed with a panegyric upon thL'ee men by whom Central Africa had been opened up to Christianity and commerce, viz.: Livingstone, Stanley and Leopold, King of the Belgians. On the banks of the Upper Congo, where the mission was to do its work, one tribe alone nuPlbered over ten millions, among whom only two missionaries labored. The mission was originally started by a gift of £800, and in a very short time more than £1,500 had been subscribed by friends interested in the enterprise. A rousing speech was delivered by that gifted and eminent representative of young Wesleyanism, the Rev. Hugh Price Hughes. He maintained that the antidote for drunkenness, gllombling and all forms of crime and infidelity in these days was foreign missions. England ought to be active in this branch of service, as there was probably no nation now existing that had done so much mischief as Great Britain by the liquor traffic, and in many other ways, and also by shedding innocent blood in almost every corner of the globe. He held that at the present time there were too few evangelists abroad and too many English ministers at home, a state of things which ought certainly and speedily to be reversed. The devoted leader of the mission, Mr. J. McKittrick, and some of his fellow-workers subsequently addressed the large gathering of friends.

IV. PROTESTANTISM IN HAMBURG.

In Hamburg, one of the gayest and most licentious cities In Europe, a bazaar liberally supported in aid of the maintenance of the Church Fund and, if possible, the early erection of a new English church in the city, realized £1,700. .This amount, raised by the combined efforts of English, American, German and other nationalities, chiefly of the Protestant faith, far exceeded the expectations of the small colony of British and American SUbjects. The l:iympathy which this worthy undertaking has elicited has been confirmed by the unanimous praise accorded to it in the local press, which describes it as the most tasteful and brilliant enterprise of the kind ever attempted in Hamburg.

At the opening ceremony, April 4, the reigning BUrgomaster Dr. Petersen, expressed the genuine sympathy in which Hamburgers held the English people. As the head of the Hamburg Government, he remarked that between England and Hamburg an unbroken friendship had continued for upwards of 600 years, commencing as early as 1266, when the King of England bestowed valuable land and commercial rights upon Hamburg subjects in London. These rights the Hanse factory in the metropoHs was privileged – to enjoy undiminished until the beginning of the nineteenth century. On the other hand, the company of British merchant adventurers received a grant of land, the permission of living under English law with inulluUlty from taxation, and religious freedom in the shape of an English church a.t lIam- burg as early as 1567. Notwithstanding hard times of fot"eign religious in- tolerance, Hamburg alone, perhaps, of all states, can point with pride to the fact that the English church of evangelical profession had been allowed un- mterrupted toleration for three centuries.

V. ROMAN CATHOLIC MISSIONS IN INDIA.

In the voluminous replies which Mr. Caine's attack on Indian missions has provoked, there will be some advantage in recording the results oC the mission work in India, with which the Roman Catholics credit themselves. The editor of Illustrated Catholic Missions in England has published various statistics bearing upon Roman Catholic missions in India, chiefly based on the figures published in the new edition of the Imperial Gazateer of India, compiled by Sir W. W. Hunter. An English correspondent who has spent 20 years in the Indian Civil Service recently asserted that Catholic and Protestant missions were equally failures in that Empire. He held that in an especial deg-ree this was true of Catholic missions since the beginning of the eighteenth century, while in view of the increase of population Catholicity had been declining for many years. Challenging Mr. Caine.'s implied assertion that Roman Catholics were more successtul than Protesta.nts, he quoted in his proof the official returns of 1881. These show in round numbers as follows: Catholics, 936,000; Protestants, 435,000; Nestorians and others, 456,000; total, 1,827,000. From the number of Pl'otestants 100,000 might be deducted for Bt'itish-born and foreign Christians, though they are not all Protestants. This would leave 335,000 Protestants, a far more satisfactory number in less than 100 years than 936,000 in the 350 years since Xavier began the gt'eat work in India.

It is admitted by Roman Catholic wt"iters that the census of 1881 returned the total number of Catholics as 963,058 (excluding French and Portuguese territories, which contain 285,703 more). The census returns they regard as erroneous to the extent of 100,000 Christians, quoting from Sir W. W. Hunter to the same effect. He writes (vol. vi., p. 265) : "The Roman Caiholies were under-estimated in the census returns by the exclusion of about 100,000 Syrian Christians who acknowledge the jurisdiction of the Vicars- Apostolic of Verapoli and Quilon, andby their inclusion among the Jacobites, who are unconnected with the Roman Catholic Church." Adding, it is said, these extra 100,000, and also the Catholics of Portuguese and French India, which practically all form one mission field, there will be a grand total of Catholics in India numbering 1,349,441. According to the" Madras Catholic Directory" for 1885, the returns at"e estimated at 1,356,037 for British, native and foreign India, some four or five years before the inauguration of the Indian hiet"archy. Mulhall supposed the Catholics in India to number 1,318,000, and another estimate, which appeared in the Deutsche Reich8 Zeitung, gives 1,600,600 as the probable total.

In reply to the charge that the Catholics are steadily diminishing, the advocates of Catholic missions quote the following passage from Sir W.W. Hunter: "The Roman Catholics in India steadily increase, and, as in former times, the increase is chielly in the south, especia.lly in the missions of Pondicherry and Medura. The number

A FmST YEAR'S IMPRESSIONS .oF JAPAN

of Catholics in British and French India and the native states, but exclusive of the Portu guese possessions, rose from 732.887 in 1851 to 93~,400 'n 1871, and to 1,103,560 in 1881. The Pondicherry Mission lately performed over 50,01 ) adult baptisms in three years. In British India. and the native states the children in Catholic schools increased from 28,249 in 1871 to 44,699 in 1881" (p.259).

The Catholics contend that they do not possess a tithe of the funds which the Protestant missionary societies have at their disposal. In verification of this the evidence of Sir W. W. Hunter (in the Imperi:J,l Gazetteer, vol. vi. p. 260) is again adduced: "The Roman Catholics work in India," he writes, .. with slender pecuniary resources. Theyderive their main support from the two great Catholic organizations, the Associa- tion for the Propagation of the Faith, and the Society of the goly Childhood. The former contributes £24,4M yearly to Indian missions, and the latter £12,300, making a total of £-36,- 764. This is exclusive of the expenditure within the Archbishopric of Goa; but it repre- sents the European contributions to the whole vicariates under the Pope. In 1880 they maintained 16 bishops and 1,118 priests, teaching 1,288 schools, 40,907 pnpils, and giving instruction to 1,002,379 native Christians. Tbe Roman Catbolic priests deny tbemselves the comforts consid- ered necessaries for Enropeans in India. In many districts tbey live the frngal and abstemious life olthe natives, and their inlluence reaches deeply into the social life of tbe communities among whom they dryeU."

This Important chain of testimony relating to metbods of operation and principles of teaching, so distinct from the great Protestant sections in the Indian mission field, will nevertheless receive re- spectfulattentlon when associated witb the authoritative imprimatur of tbe foremost living Indian statistician.

A FIRST YEAR'S IMPRESSIONS OF JAPAN.

: BY REV. FRED. S. CURTIS, HIROSHIMA.

As a mission field Japan is doubtless second to nonein regard toits present results and promise for the future: but, judging from a purely human stand- point, the coming of the kingdom of God in Japan is yet in the dim future. The eighty million;; of gods in the" Flowery Kingdom" cannot receive their . deathblow in a day. In the houses of all who are not.either Christian 01' agnostic you may stilI see the little shrine with its offering of flowers. Every- where-not only" on every high hill and under every green tree;" but in the shops and boats, by the wayside, at every turn in the road, these symbols of idolatry meet the eye.

Hiroshima is a stronghold of Buddha. The street on which we live has a continuous row of temples for an eighth to a quarter of a mile. And though the worshippers at these tern pIes seem very scarce the strong Buddhistic prejudice of the people renders them unreceptive to Christianity. The Hiroshima people are looked down upon throughout the Empil'e as being hard, indifferent and unreliable. On arriving we were much disappointed to find tbat, aside from the regular attendants at the Presbyterian and Methodist churches established here-some two or three hundred people- there were but few who manifested any particular interest in Christianity, or who would even come to the preaching places from curiosity. We had expected to see iarge crowds flocking to hear the word of God, and inquirers coming from all parts of the interior, and that anywhere and at any time a large audience could be gathered. This last is true when a large hall or theater is thrown open for a popular lecture on Christianity and prominent speakers are advertised.

I find that the people differ greatly in different localities. For instance, in Koohi the people are exceedingly impressible and embrace the Christian re- ligion readily, while in Nagasaki the old prejudice against the Christian and the" Christian's God" still lives, making it perhaps a more difficult field than Hiroshima. Here it is very difficult to induce the people to enter a otlurch building j they seem to think that in so doing they would commit themselves to Christianity. Since this feeling exists, I am strongly in favor of establishing out-statiorls or preaching.places which at present shall not themselves become churches, but act as feeders to the churches already established till the prejudice is overcome.

As to the government, while it t~lerates Christianity, it clings to idolatry. A recent report shows $150,000 as given in one year to Shinto temples, and year before last $50,000 was given to one single temple. The Mikado himself is an idolater and worships his ancestors.

What the government wants is not so much Christianity as Western science and institutions, and just now, perhaps, more than anything else, treaty revision; and to bring about the last is doubtlebs their motive for keeping foreigners out of the interior. If it permits freedom here, there is no privilege left which it can grant to foreign nations in the future. The various fOl'eign powers have certainly taken advantage of Japan, obliging her to admit aU their products at a duty of five per cent. or less, while she has to pay enormously on her exports. Then, too, no foreigner is amenable to Japanese law, all cases being tried before the consuls.

Some time since I saw quite a melee in front of the hotel at Kobe. A Japanese boatman was being very roughly and to all appearance unjustly treated by a crowd of Chinamen, while not ten feet distant stood a Japanese policeman, his sword hanging by his side, for the treaty laws do not permit any interference with foreigners. Now the time has come when it would seem that the Japanese government does not propose to remain longer in leading strings; but the other nations cannot seem to agree upon any satisfactory revision of the treaties regarding "exterritoriality." What can Japan do to bring about the desired change? If it absolutely forbids foreigners to travel, reside and teach in the interior, "the people would probably become disaffected, so to go outside the treaty ports is being made as difficult as possible. Heretofore the government has permitted foreigners to go to different parts of the interior on passports for" travel, health and scientific observation," also when employed by the Japanese. These purposes have been regarded as mere technicalities by the officials, and many missionaries have lived on such passports.

Having tried every other expedient, the government, while continuing to issne, enforces the strict letter of the law, thus making them very difficult to obtain. One of our missionaries waited at Kobe fOI" his passport from Thanksgiving time till the middle of January. Then, too, after a passport has been once obtained the trouble is not over, for it must be renewed, with greater or less frequency. When the time for which it has been granted is about to expire, the passport must be brought to a treaty port and surrendered and an application made for the renewal. The passport is then sent to Tokio, and after a longer or shorter time the renewal is granted.

There is a missionary who has waited three months, and is still waiting, in Kobe, for her passport to be renewed. This lady is a teacher in a mission school, which may account, at least in part, for the delay, for the government having taken such pains to establish its own schools throughout the empire, naturally wishes them to be well patronized: hence, all private schools are discouraged. Recently it was desired to start a Christian school in Kochi. The Japanese engaged by a missionary was obliged to write "almost a volume to the authorities in regard to the matter," after which, says a missionary, in writing home of the action of the authorities, "they sent this communication back as not correct, wanted to know the number of feet in the school-house and around, the name of the school, etc. All this was written out at full length, when again the paper was returned, asking , what books would be taught, who were the publishers, when and where were they published, how far in each book the pupil must get in a term and at what age a pupil could enter the school.' " .

These questions were duly answered, but sometime after came the query: "If you get two hundred pupils at 35 cents each pel' month, how will you use all that money? If you do not get that number of pupils, where will the money come from? "

Viewed in the light of a determined purpose to secure treaty revision, such seemingly puerile actions are significant. I trust the time is not far distant when propel' treaties will be made, giving Japan her ri~hts and a footing more nearly equal to the otb.er great nations of the earth. For sev- eral months there have been rumors afloat to the effect that Japan had made a new treaty with America, which will give us liberty to go anywhere in Ja_ pan, but whether this is true or not remains to be seen. That some sort ola treaty has been concluded with a certain foreign power, is all that we can now be sure of.

Let mesay a word in regard to my personal work so far. Although I cannot yet preach in the vernacular, I have established a temporary preaching place at the girls' school. My teacher has done the preaching while I have read the Scriptures and led the singing. This tl'acher is a young Japanese student, who is working to obtain funds that he may resume his studies for the ministry in the Congregational College at Kyoto. Though but twenty- two years old, he has already, we think, shown a gift for preaching, but he lacks power, and seems to have very little realization of the meaning and responsibility of the sacred office to which he aspires. I am very glad, how- ever, that he does not think it necessary (as many of the native preachers do) to use the classical Chinese words, which are unintelligible to the unedu- cated. The services which we have carried on together have had an aver- age of about twenty-five attendants, half of these being heathen. Were the preaching place on some large thoroughfare, instead of being near the outskirts of the city, no doubt many more would come in and heal' the gospel.

By the time I am ready to preach, it is my hope that the Lord will open the way for the establishment of a preaching hall on some main thorough- fare, where large numbers may readIly be reached. The people are so ex- ceedingly curious to see foreigners that I am sure they would listen, could some prominent spot be secured. When any of the missionaries enter a store on one of the principal streets, a large crowd invariably collects to watch their every movement and catch their every word. 0, that this same spirit of investigation might be transfel'l'ed to the Gospel of the one true God! For there are in this city a hundred thousand souls who know Him not. Of equal urgency is the need of the handful of Christians here who must be" instructed in the way of God more perfectly." Were I asked what I consider to be the most vital needs of the church of Hiroshima, I should say.

a deepel' heart experience and life, and a realization of the lost condition of the souls of their countrymen, prompting to earnest effort for their speedy evangelization. With many their Christianity seems largely a matter of intellectual belief, and in this section of the country I have failed to see any marked spirit of evangelism.

As to ihe people of Japan, as a race, it may indeed be said to be favorable towar(1 Christianity, but it is, like its rulers, much more favorable towal'd western civil~ation and its accompaniments. .Witb the multitude it mat-

FATHER DAMmN THE LEPER PRmST OF MOLOXAI

tel'S little what it is, if it be but American or European, whether to wear foreign clothes, to eat foreign food, to drink fpreign liquors, or to learn the English language. All these things are done to a most remarkable extent; for our language there is a perfect "craze." The highest ambition of the Jap1.nese youth is to go to America, and next to this to speak Engbsh.

Many Christian teachers would lack for pupils, were the teaching of English done away with.

The superficiality, fickleness and" happy-go-Iuckiness" of this .people, with an impressibleness that is only" skin deep," :O,re the greatest trials of the missionary who seeks to labor among them.

But there is another side to this picture which is so well presented in the recently published report of" The Council of Missions co-operating with the United Church of Christ in Japan," that I send you a brief extract from it• * .. The United Church of Christ in Japan has enjoyed a year of constant growth. * In no previous year have the additions been so many. The adult members of the Church number 7.551. The infant members number 1.139. The total membership is 8.690. The increase during the year is 1.831. The churches are sixty-one. The ministers number thirty-six. The contributions for churCh purposes were yen 20.315.82. A comparison with longer periods is instructive. The United Church of Christ was formed in 1877 by the union of eight churches and 623 Christians. including the children. In 1882 there were twenty- five chnrches. with 1.728 members. Three years later. in 1885. the churches were fifty and the members were 3.922. In the past the church has doubled 10 membership in each three years. and in eleven years the incrl'ase has been from six hundred to nine thousand. A like progression for the remaining twelve years of the ceMtury will make the· membership in the year 1900. one hundred and forty-four thousand.

"Such a hope should notbe too great for our faith. The future may well be richer in blessing than the past."

And there are some of us who are hoping and praying for still greater things-the evangelization of this Empire before 'l,e present century closes.

FATHER DAMIEN THE LEPER PRIEST OF MOLOKAI.

BY REV. EDWIN M. BLISS, NEW YORK.

ON the little peninsula of Kolowao, on the island of Molokai, Sandwich Islands, is the famous leper community established by the Hawaiian Government in 1864, after the ierrible scourge of leprosy that committed such fearful ravages among every class of the people. It is not an ideal place of residence, cold in winter, hot in summer, absolutely isolated from the rest of the island by high mountams. Here the unfortunates were placed. So terrible was their fate deemed that many families sought to hide their afflicted members from the officials, preferring to l"Un every risk themselves rather than condemn loved ones to such hardships and privations. Suitable dwellings were not provided, fo.od was insufficient, there was no medical attendance or nursing; the outcasts were practically condemned to death, with no hope of even the last sad offices or sympathy of friends. It was little wonder that every evil passion rose triumphant. A root growing in quantities at the foot of the mountains furnished a highly intoxicating liquor and drunkenness became almost universal. With this came'licentiousness, until prostitution was the only resort of women who sought a living fOl' themselves and their children. The hula dances were seen on every hand and the whole community became a mass of corruption of every kind.

Into this community, in 1873, went Father Damien, a Roman Catholic Priest, of Honolulu, a native of Belgium, of great talents, wealthy, and with every prospect of success in life. It was no rash act, but a carefully considered purpose, with full recognition of all that it mean~complete isolation from all associations such as he had held deal', fellowship with those who were lower and more degraded than the brutes, and the certainty of the most horrible dise;tse and death known to the human race. • The Government, unable to understand his purpose, thought he would soon seek to return, and gave strict orders for his immediate imprisonment should he stir from the community. They refused him counselor assistance of any kind, and he was compelled to rely upon the lepers themselves for support. He found the dead and dying on every hand, and was so absorbed in his care for them that he could find no time to build him even a plain hut, but slept under the trees. His kindly words and efficient aid won him the confidence of the whole community, and little by little his influence became unbounded. Recognizing that in their condition, spiritual counsel was of little avail without temporal help, he was not only priest but" magistrate, school-teacher, gardener, carpenter, joiner, painter, housekeeper, cook, and often grave-digger and undertaker." He lived with the people, shared their experiences in every way; he persuaded them to care more for cleanliness, comfortable houses, good food, so far as practicable. Soon thE' Government, recognizing his real spirit, changed their attitude, gave him greater privi.

leges, allowed him counsel and assistance, at his suggestion provided bettel'

dwellings, and more suitable food; sent medical officers and nurses, fur.

nished medicine, and sought to alleviate, instead of increasing, the suffer· ing of the poor unfortunates.

The natural result has followed. The hula dances are no more heard of.

Licentiousness has almost disappeared. Intoxication has given place to sobriety, and the company that seemed given over to everything evil has become peaceful and happy, so far as there can be happinE'ss with so much suffering. Even much of the virulence of the disease has disappeared.

Better dwellings, good ventilation. healthy food, sobel' lives, and quiet minds and Christian faith have had their effect to lessen suffering, to pro- long life, and make death itself less dreadful. When, nine years after Da- mien's voluntary exile, the queen visited the settlement, and saw the neat houses, the fields and gardens, the well-dressed, orderly people, her officers, pointing to Damien, who stood humbly at a dtstance, said, "He is the father of it all."

Already the dread digease had taken its hold. A few months later the fatal tubercles appeared, and the devoted priest knew that he was to pay the penalty of his self-sacrifice. In 1886 he was joined by Father Conrardy, a young priest from Oregon, and after initiating him into the work, Da- mien himself yielded to the progress of the leprosy. April 10, 1889, he died, leaving a record of as noble work as that achieved by any martyr of the early church.

There are not a few who claim that the heroic age of the church has passed. The lives of Henry Martyn, David Livingstone, James Hannington, Adoniram Judson, Father Damien, are eloquent witnesses to the fact that this is not true. Yet, while they are conspicuous by reason of their position and public office, they are no whit more heroic than many a faithful laborer among the slums of our great cities, in the dugouts of the Western prairies, or the out-stations of China, Africa and Abyssinia.

One healthy sign of the church's life is the universal recognition of Damien's service as a Christian service. To the great body of Christian believers his creed is lost sight of in admiration for his work. "As many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of God."

EVANGELIZATION OF THE CHINESE IN AMERICA. I

EVANGELIZATION OF THE CHINESE IN AMERICA.

BY J. STEWART RAPPER, NEW YORK, EDITOR "CHINESE EVANGELIST."

THE marvellous way in which God ans weI'S prayer is contin uaUy shown to His children in a manner which humbles their pride and rebukes th('i1'

unbelief. There is no more wonderful instance in modern times than the way in which prayer for the work in China has been ans wered. The barriers of. supel'stition, bigotry, political seclusion and national conceit have been broken down, and now the gospel can be preached in every province. But the answer IS ovedlowing in its abunda,nce of opportunity; and not alone in China is the privilege given to the faithful preacher of the word, but in this la.nd also the Chinaman is found, and those who are unable, for any reason, to go toa foreign land, have the opportunity offered them in their own city, nay, at their own street corner or in their near vicinity.

Thb large number of Chinese who came to California, early attracted the attention of the church, and efforts were made to reach them by the establishment of Missions. Of the work on the Pacific slope I do not in- tend to write at this time, but shall confine myself to the work which is being carried on throughout the Eastel'll and Middle States.

Twenty years have now elapsed since the work among the Chinese in the east was started by the efforts of the Rev. Lycurgus Railsback, at tne New York" FIve Points House of Industry." Since then the Chinese Sun- day-school is found inevel'Y large city, and in almost evel'y place where ~he industrious Chinaman is found, there are also found those who look at the boul in the uncouth mati and try to save it.

So peculiar is the work of evangelizing these heathen in our midst, that it may be of interest to many to speak of the methods and the character of the work in general.

The Methods.-Af> will be readily seen, the work is necessarily at first of teaching the alphabet and the rudiments of our language. Given a China- man who understands little or no English, and a teacher who understands no Chinese, and the conditions of solving the problem of educating the for- mer will at once be undel'stood to be difficult in the extreme. The methods of instruction must necessarily be those which are employed in the primary schools,and picture and pencil are used to express what words fail to convey.

In its first stages a Chinese Sunday-school differs little from a primary school for teaching English. .

The arl'angement of classes is different from the usual manner, for each teacher has but one pupil. This seems at first an unnecessary waste of ma- terial; it would be so, were all the godly people who take this field of labor skilled in teaching languages, for then more than one pupil might be taught; practical experiment, however, has proved that it is hard for the avel'age teacher to manage more than one at a time, until the pupil is far enough advanced to read the Bible. The writer is endeavoring to secure a reform in this matter wherever it is feasible, and urges that the ol'dinary manner of arranging classes of three or four be adopted wherever the pupils.al'e suf- ficiently advanced to make it possible.

Anothel' feature of this work is the fact that the teachel's are (01' the most part ladies, and much trash and scornful comment has appeared in the secu- lal' newspapers in l'egard to the fondness of the Chinese for the pretty Sun- day-school teachers. I would like to express my deliberate opinion that the reason why the Chinese pl'efer lady teachers is because the ladies are more willing to teach the Chinese, and, in fact, are often the only ones who will teach them. If you find a young man who has the patience, the dogged determination, the persistency and tact which are displayed in such a mal'ked manner by lady teachers, you will find that the Chinese will accept him as a teacher just as readily, and treat him with the same consideration. The fact is, that as the work resembles the work of the primary school, so the teachers must possess the same qualifications; and we find most of the teachers of the yonng to be ladies.

Difficulties of the W07'k.-The greatest difficulty often arises from the op- position of supposed Christian people. Some have been known to say that the Chinese never could be converted. As though the grace of God, which can reclaim a South Sea Islander, could be baffled by the Chinaman! Others say the Chinese are such low, degraded creatUl'es that we ought not to ass<>1(iate with them even as teachers! Did not Christ die to save sinners? Others seem to be infiuenced by sentimentality in their religion, and will give freely fOt' the cause of foreign missions, and weep tears over the thought of .. the heathen in his blindness, bowing down to wood and stone;" but fail to see a fit object for their benevolence or effort in the heathen on the avenue, bending all the day over the wash-tub or the ironing-board! Then the charge is made that the workers are actuated by sentimentalism in taking up the work. If sentimentalism consists in coming Sabbath after Sabbath, rain or shine, t!,spend an hour in the hardest kind of teaching, then we must admit the truth of the charge, though I should call that the hardest kind of prosaic work. The most plausible, yet illogical objection, is the one which is made against teaching the primer and against the school, because the Chinese come merely to learn English and not to learn anything about Oul' religion. No one who has been in the Chinese work will attempt to deny that at first the impelling motive, perhaps the only motive, which leads a Chinese into the Sunday-schoolis the desire to learn Eng'lish. We know that, we recognize that desire, but it does not prevent us from using that motive to the good of the man. Soon after he comes he begins to understand that the teaching is done from a spirit of kindness; he begins to look for our motive, and when he has at la!>t comprehended that it is Christian unselfishness, he realizes that here is something he knows nothing of, and he wishes to learn of Christ and His doctrine. Even if he should be so bigoted as to care nothing for these things, he receives a lesson of practical Christianity which does more good than many hours of preaching and theoretical instruction.

Another difficulty, and a most serious one, confronts the teacher of the Chinese when at last they know enough of our language to read and understand the blessed truths of the gospel. In a so-called Christian land, among a professedly Christian people, the observant Chinese is immediatelyoverwhelmed by the difficulty of reconciling the practical Christianity (as he imagines it to be) which he sees around him six days in the week, with the blessed maxims and truths he is taught on the Sabbath. If you tell him that the people who break everyone of the commandments almost every day of their lives are not true Christians, it does not make the matter much better, for, thinks he, why do they not accept such blessed truths? Will a man offer good gold to a stranger when his own kindred l,ave it not? There must be a false ring a bout the gold! It is for this reason that those who have labored both in the foreign field and in this land, unanimously concur in saying that the work is much harder, more discouraging in this land on account of there being" too many weekdays for one Sunday."

Results.-The direct results of the work have been such as greatly to encourage the workers. Nearly everyone of the different denominations working in New York City among the Chinese have several Chinese connected with the chUl"ches, who have proved themselves to be worthy of their profession and excellent examples to their heathen brethren. In many respects they put other Christians to the blush. They are characteristically slow in professing their faith, but that slowness arises often from their deep sense of the responsibility involved. 1 have often been told by an inquirer that he wished to profess faith in Christ, but he did not know enough to lead in pI'ayer, or to give a few minutes' talk in prayer-meeting, The first Chinaman who was converted under my instruction was quite perplexed over the question whether it was right for him to shave his head and plait his queue on Sunday I A Chinese Christian asked me recently whether I did not think that having a fair in the Sunday-school rooms of a church did not resemble the sin committed by those who sat at the tables ot the moneychangers in the temple. Another Chinese, who is soon to be baptized, was very much troubled because the writer did not ask a blessing at an evening gathei·ing where a few Chinese were entertained by their teacher, and icecream and cake were passed al'ound. It was a difficult matter for his teacher to explain to him the reason for the omission, but finally he looked satisfied and said, "0 I I see, ice-cream no count with God."

Space fails to speak of the many notable examples which have proved that the saving grace of God is not confined to any ('ace or people, but wherever sin abounds grace doth much more abound.

The results of this work are wider and reach further than we would at first suppose. Not only do those who are converted in this country return to be messengers of good to their brethren, but on account of the friendly feeling engendered in them toward the Christian people, they are made the means of introducing a minister 01· an evangelist to their neighbors or friends, who would not gain a hearing were it not for their friendly intervention. Even if a man has not been converted, he respects Christians after he has been an ob- ject of their kindness, and he is able to assure the villagers in China that the "Jesus man" has no ill designs on them, but is a harmless person who does good, even though he preaches a lot of nonsense, and thus the reflex in- fluence of the Sunday-school here opens the door for the preacher in China. So no one can estimate the results of this work, except Him who hath said, "My word shall not return unto me void," and in the day when He maketh up His jewels we shall be amazed at the harvest. We sow blindly, but we shall reap abundantly, for it is God that giveth the increase.

I have not attempted to give any statistics as to the number of schools and of those attendant thereon. The simple reason for this omission is that it is hard to get such statistics. As editor of The Chinese Evangelist I have made great efforts to get a complete list of the schools for the Chinese, but every day we hear of some new one, and new ones are continually being started. Since the establishment of The Chinese Evangelist we have en- deavored to systematize and tabulate the work, but such is the difficulty of getting accurate information that so far we cannot indicate the extent of the work except in this general way. The Chinese Evangelist is now being taken in schools all over the land from Maine to Oregon, and from Canada to Florida, and even in the Sandwich Islands and China. From the letters which come to the editors, it seems that the work is being carried on with increased vigor, and the Christian church is awakening to the responsibility resting upon it, and is improving the opportunity now presented. There are still 100,000 Chinese in America, and in spite of the Exclusion Bill more are

TRANSLATIONS }!'ROM FOREIGN MISSIONARY MAGAZINES"

coming, and hardly any are returning. The opportunity now is great, the need is pressing, and no one can overestimate its importance, when we consider that the best way to reach China is through the Chinese themselves. In our land we can infuse American pluck and energy into the slow-moving, phlegmatic Chinaman; and these, united with the love of God and his fellow-man, will enable the Americanized Christian Chinaman to be a power in his own land, and he will be able to do a work which none other can do. H anyone cannot go and work directly for China, here is a field, hard, stony, comparatively uninviting, but one which will yield a rich reward in God's own time.

TRANSLATIONS FROM FOREIGN MISSIONARY MAGAZINES.

BY REV. CHARLES C. STARBUCK, ANDOVER, MASS.

THE Rhenish Missionary Society, as is known, has a very important mission in Sumatra. We give some extracts, which make this great island seem more like a real country to us than it has seemed before. From the station of Bungabondar: "In the last yea.r ninety have been led to the Saviour and received into the church by baptism." It is known that in Sumatra Mohammedanism is very strong. Yet, as remarkable exception to the general fact, almost half the converts are from Mohammedanism. On the other hand, a good many unstable Christians flo.at over to it. The following narative from the Berichte for January, 1889, casts a new light on the mental attitude of Moslems in the face of death. We often heal' of their contempt of death. But this appears to be only in the fierce fanaticism of a religious war.

.. Here I must make mention of the faithful Asenath, whom on the last day of the old year we committed to the bosom of the earth. After an illness patiently endured for two years "he felt her end approaching. As the last provision for her way she wished yet once more to enjoy the Holy Supper. I administered it to her in her roomy house before a large assemblage. As Iwas about to give her the bread she said, • Let me first pray.' And now the woman, who for weeks had not been able to sit upright, straightened herself up, and prayed for full ten minutes, as if she would fain pray away every earthly care out of her heart. I have seldom heard a woman pray in snch wise. Thereupon she recei ved the sacred elements. The next day I found witlit her a Mohammedan chieftain, who at taking leave wished her health and long life. •What say you?' she replied, •after that I have no further longing. My wish is now to go to heaven, to my Lord. Death has no longer any terrors for me.' Astonished, the Mussulman replied: 'Such language is strange to us. We shrink and cower before death, and therefore use every means possible to recover and live long.'

.. Even so I think of our James, whose only son had died. When at the funeral I pressed his band, with some words of comfort, he Said: • Only do not suppose that r murmur and complain. All that God does to me, is good and wholesome for me. I shall hereafter find my son again in life eternal.' So vanish little bylittle the comfortless wailings of heathenism; the beams of a living hope penetrate the pangs and the terrors of death, as the. beams of the sun the clouds of the night. And, as the hopelessness of heathenism is disappearing, so is also its implacability. When Christians contend, and at the communionl say to them: 'Give each other your hands,' they often say: 'Natureisagainstit; but how can I withstand the graciou~ness of mv Sa.viour ?' Such words are not seldom heard. And am Inot well entitled to hope, that they, as a grea.tgift of my God, warrant a confident hope in the final and glorious victory ot the Prince of Life, and of his great and righteous cause? "

On Palm Sunday, at this station, Missionary Schutz Qaptized 18 fOl'mer Mohammedans, confirmed 18 Christian children, and restoi'ed one apostate.

THE Rhenish Missionary Society has in all over 150 native trained helpers, of whom only foul' are ordained. The Society has also in all, in Sumatra, China and Africa,250 native elders, and remarks that it might easily be that these" signify as much, perhaps, indeed, even more, than the salaried assistants, for the development and healthy growth of the general cause." The government of the Transvaal Republic, in .South Africa, has suddenly put in force atainst the mission stations a law which forbids more· than five native families to live together on anyone estate. This harsh statute, harshly applied, has already broken up five Hermannsburg stations, and at least one Berlin station.

The MonatsbUitter remarks that in Africa it is not the Mohammedans who have introduced slavery, though it is they who. are fast depopulating lal'ge regions of the unhappy continent by their ruthlessness in conducting the hunting of slaves. Slavery itself is aboriginal in Africa. As no one in Africa has any hope of protection unless he belongs to some one of the few great men, the poorer freemen have gradually reduced themselves to servi- tude, until now, in some n~gro tribes, out of evel'y 100 persons, 80 or 90 al'e slaves. In Igonda the traveller, Paul Reichard, out of 500 or 600 inhabi- tants, found only six free persons. Of his own caravan of 650 there were only five freemen. An institution so deeply rooted cannot, of course, be otherwise than gradually done away, remarks the MonatsbUitter. But the horrors of the Arab slave trade are to be at once attacked. And it is to be remarked that Christian Europe was the first great offender, and not Mohammedan Arabia. Christianity, however, is against the iniquity; Islam fully sanctions it. Christendom, therefore, could be moved from within to abandon it; Arabia will have to be coerced from without.

The MonatsbUitter remarks that the best known emporium of the Arab slave trade is Ujiji, on Lake Tanganyika, and quotes the following descrip- tion of it from a Catholic missionary: .. This is the meeting point of all the caravans of slaves who, captured in the interior, are to be brought to the coast. There are gathered all the Waguana and Mohammedan reprobates to con- cert in what direction and against what tribe the next foray shall be nndertaken-a veritable Sodom, a theatre of all sorts of crimes, excesses, shamelessness of vi~. What a day of calamity for Africa. on which the Arabs first set their foot in its interior I For with them they have brought into the land also their immoral religion. their Vices, as well as the foul contagions dis- eases, which previously were wholly unkuown among the negroes. Towards the end of 1887, when I was in the city, it waS regulu!y flooded with slaves. You saw in hideous medley men, womeu and children, some bound together with cords, some with chains. Some had their ears pierced to admit a small cord, for the sake of fastening them together. At every step which one took along the streets, he encountered living skeletons, painfully dragging th"mselves along by the help of a stick: they had been released from chains, as being too weak to flee. It was not Sickness, but hunger, which had thus reduced tbem, aud the great scars which appeared on tlieir backs su1llciently dis- closed that their masters had not spared blows to urge them along. Others you might see lying in the street before their masters' doors or elsewhere, awaiting the end of their comfortless existence. The heart bled to reflect that these unhappy ones had uot eveu the hope which helps a Christian to bear his misery.

•• An uncultivated plain, growu up with grass, which separates the marketplace from the lake, Is the graveyard of Ujiji, or more accurately the trench, into which are thrown all the bodies of the deceased slayss, and even of those who are still in the last agonies. The wild beasts are their only sextons. A young Christian who did uot set know Ujiji set out to go from the town to the lake shore,but came back in dismay at the view of the numerous corpses, which, gnawed by hyenas and birds of prey, lay along the footpath. Then I asked au Arab why the corpses here were so numerous, and why they were left so near the town, at the risk of a geueral pestilence. He replied with the utmost composure and nonchalance: • From of old we have been used to throw the bodies of our slaves iu this place, and the hyenas would come every night and carry them away; but this year there are so many dyiug that the wild beasts can't get through with them; they have come to have a loathing for human flesh.' It is plain then that blockading the coast is but a small part of the work."

The Evangelisch Lutherisches Missionsblatt says; "We read here and there, e€pecially in English missionary magazines, that the Indian temples are falling into decay. 'rhis may be here and there the case, indeed it is some- times so In the Tamil land; bnt in general our Tamils, especially those who live in the Cauvery deta, are still thoroughly zealous in the temple-service, standing, as they do, wholly under the influence of a. numerous priesthood, for which the maintenance of the temples is a matter of life and death. Here, as in all reports from Ind'ia, we must remind our readers how needful it is to abstain from unadvised generalizati07l/l. For India is a mighty land. Conditions differ enormously from region to region within it, so that It Is only seldom that what may be said of Olle place or district applies to another. What traveler could pronounce a trustworthy judgment respecting the religions condition of all Europe? And if he could it is still more difticult in India. The visible decay of the temples will be in India, as It was in Greece the last 8taqe of heathenism."

.. Here In Shiall the modern schooling has not yet undermined belief in the ancient gods. Here there still prevail" the same zeal in their worship which the Apostle Paul recognized among the Athenians. New temples are still built and the old ones repaired. Wealthy merchants give hundreds of thousands of rupees for this end, and the people work themselves weary for half-wages. The festivals are celebrated regularly, and on their account the most important labors are interrnpted. Even the State must still recognize the heathen holidays, at least as respects its heathen officials. The Brahmans not only claim divine titles for themselves, bnt are also in fact addressed by the people as gods. They, are not only the intellectual and spiritnallea.ders of the people, but as wealthy landholders, are in various ways their secula.r lor:ds.'· .

"Yet worse "-in Shiall, in South India-"the heathens force the Christians into the idol festivals In order to drag through the streets the great car on which the idol. with his tram of attendants, is placed. One would think that for such a work of honor to the god the heathen themselves would gladly offer and be proud of the toil. But this is not so. The wealthy do their part bV deputing their servants and dependents. And almost all our Christians here are depeudE'nts of theirs. At alate festival they came in great numbers to me, showing me their masters' orders. I dissuaded them from obedience. Some followed my counsel and hid themselves in the church or the garden. Others followed their orders and went to take their place at the ropes. What the consequences are likely to be for the disobedient I have not yet learned. One who had refused from the first showed me the marks of a seVere beating."

We have all'eady given a description, from the Mi88ionablatt, of the great temple of Trlchinopoli. We here give a description of the city itself: .

.. Trichinopoli, or, in Tamil, Tirisiril.palli, that Is,' City of the Three-headed Giant,' formerly the capital of a mighty Nabob, with 76,000 inhabitants, among whom are many skillful and industrious Hindus, fanatical Mohammedans, and some 15,000 Catholics, is also a garrison town for a regiment of Sepoys, that Is, nativetroops in English pay. It lies near the ri ver Canvery, which here diVides into two grea.t a.rms, forming the long and fruitful island of Soi-r..ngam, that is, ' Holy River isle.' This island, the paradise of the Vishnuites, is renowned for the magnificent temple of Vishnu, whose external inclosure is some four miles and a half ronnd, and comprises 21 gopurams, that is, p..godas, in fact, a whole city of tcmples. No wonder that the smothering atmosphere of idolatry prevailing here weighs depressingly upon our missionaries, even more tha.n the solar heat augmented by the rockY soil. Yet even as early as 1762 Protestant missions gained a firm footing here. The simple church built by 'Father Schwarz' in the next neighborhood of the' Prichi-rock,' and his modest dwelling-house, keep up even here the memory of this blessed missionary. Southward from this rock the slender spire of our Zion Church, built upon the' Elephant hill,' nea.r the market, points the heathen to a better heaven than the stone god Ganesa, enthroned upon the rock, has power to give."

Herr Kahis then speaks of their girl's school: .. Twenty years ago no heathen girl was yet to be seen in our school. Now many are coming. There is no more grateful task than the instruction of little ~L'ami1 girls. Quiet and yet joyous, easy to guide and of responsive intellects, they make the work of their teachers light. What joy it affords us to scatter the seeds of life in their childlike hearts, and through them to see it borne into families which are otherwise inaccessible to our preaching."

The Caho MonatsbUUter, quoting the text Proverbs xxiv: 11, Which, in the German, reads, "Delivel' them, whom one will kill, and withdraw not thyself fl·om them whom one will strangle," refers to the dangers in East Africa, which since then have been terribly realized: .. This word applies to E..st Africa in a two-fold way. First, to the poor natives who live yet under the curse of superstition, discord and the slave-trade, and whom we may not withdraw ourselves from the duty of delivering out of the hand of him who is a murderer from the beginniug. Secondly, to the missionaries themselves who are laboring there, and who would have cast their lives into the breach in vain unless we send the requisite force of men to support them. Some of them are absolutely in danger of being put to dea.th. TRANSLATIONS FROM FOREIGN MISSIONARY MAGAZnmS. M5 Missionary Gordon at Uganda lies there, as it were, in a den of lions; the Scotch mission- aries live every moment in expectation of an assault from,their Mohammedan foes, and the Neukirchen brethren on Toka river have no assurance of their lives."

"The Anglican and High Church Universities' Mission," says the MonatsbUitter, "has passed through grevious years. Once, or rather more than once, it was a fire, then a hurri- cane, then a plundering irruption of savage heathen, and more than all, a succession of sud- den deaths which appeared to imperII the continuance of the work. But the undaunted sol- diers of the cross, all of them unmarried brethren and sisters, have yielded tono discourage_ ment. They go on unweariedly with teaching, with preiLching, with building, with jour- neying, with care of the sick, with singing and praying; and now they are able to show a.s visible results, not only handsome churches, schools, workshops, gardens and fields, but alsu Christian flocks, amounting in all to about 1,000 souls. All their ways, it is true, are not after our taste. They lay more stress than is easily reconcilable with the New Testa- ment on outward forms. genuflections and vestments, on liturgies and sacraments, on churches and tapers, on eucharistic functions and altars. And when Bishop Smythies went out he took with him, uot only a costly crosier in an oaken futteral, but a set of vest- ments as highly tinseled as you need look for in Rome. • A droll bishop I ' we thoull'ht then. But for all that the mnn has shown himself a workman that needeth not to be ashamed. Worthy of all honor in these years past have been his achievements in journey_ ing and visiting, in care spent on all his stations, in sacrifices of bis own strength and com- fort. It is true while he has been about this the poor crosier has fallen a prey to the flames. But though the shepherd's crook has perished we do not learn that the sheep are any worse cared for."

The Monatsbliitter, as well as the Allgemeine Jlfissions Zeitschrijt, thinks , that the present craze in Germany for colonial possession is of veryambig- uous benefit to missions. "Bishop Smythies complains that since the terri- tory in which most of his stations lie has become German, he enjoys neither the protection of the Sultan of Zanzibar nor of the English Consul, but has to endure passively the plunderipg attacks upon the missions. This then is the shady side of the' colonial policy.' And who forgets the sad end which befell good Bishop Hannington under Mwanga's fears of the' land- eaters.' " Those people who imagine that men go out as missionaries in order to have an easy time of it among a simple people who half worship them, will be profited by reading these words of Mi.3sionary Posselt, among the Caffres: .. After having worked myself weary through the week, when there, on Sunday, I saw these wild men of the wilderness sitting before me, absolute obtuseness towards everything divine, together with mockery and brut2,1 lusts written on their faces, I sometimes lost all disposition to preach. Those fluent young preachers who not only like to be heard, but to hp.a.r themselves, ought to be sometimes required to ascend the pulpit before such an assemblage. There is not the least thing there to lift np the preacher of the Divine Word or to come to the help of his weakness. As when a green, fresh branch laid before the door of a glowing ovp.n shrivels up at once, such has sometimes been myex- perience when I had come full of warm devotion, before the Caffres, and undertaken to . preach. I have sometimes wished that I had never become a missionary. Once the hour of Sunday services again approached. The sun was fearfully hot, and I felt weary in body and soul. My unbelieving heart said: • Your preaching is for nothing,' and Beelzebub added a lusty amen. The Caffres were sitting in the hut, waiting for me. • I will not preach to-day,' said I to my wife; but she looked at me with her angelic eyes,lifted her finger, and said gravely: • William, you will do your duty. You will go and preach.' I seized Bible and hymn·book, and loitered to church like an idle boy creeping unwillingly to school. I began, preluding on the violin, the Caffres grunting consentaneously. I prayed read my text, and began to preach with about as much fluency as stuttering Moses. Yet soon the Lord loosened the band of my tongue, and the fire of the Holy Ghost awakened me out of my sluggishness. I spoke with such fervor concerning the Lamb of God, that t&keth away the sin of the world, that if that sermon has quickened no heart of a hearer yet my own was profoundly moved."

Yet Herr Posselt lived to baptize 1,000 Caffres.

Rev. Victor Holm, Director of the Daillsh Evangelical Missionary Society.

STUDENT VOLUNTEER NOTES

in announcing the appointment of a young parish clergyman, the Rev. Nils Peter Hansen, as a missionary for India, remark!!: .. This will undoubtedly be received with general delight. We have so often complained that no clergyman already proved and found to be a faithful servant of the Lord and possessed of the requisite culture offered himself to serve the Lord as a missionary among the heathen. It has also been the them" of many prayers, that the Lord would provide and send out such a man. That this has now come to pass, that our prayers are heard and fulfilled, is, we are sure, no matter of doubt to all who kuow Pastor Hansen, whose circle of acquaintance is far from being a narrow one."

A German nobleman, quoted in the Missionstidning for Finland, Count Limburg-Stirum, writing from the Dutch East Indies, avows that he had been greatly prejudiced against missionaries, but adds: "But God brought a missionary in my way. And now I could not say, like Cresar, veni, vidi, vw~. True, I came and saw, but instead of conquering I was conquered. I can no longer deny the good fruits and blessed influence of missions."

The Finnish Society first sent out missionaries 20 years ago to King William's Land in South Africa. For more than 12 years they baptized no one, then they baptized 6. At the end of the fourth year there were 80. During the fifth year there were baptized on Whitsunday, 51; ten days later, 23; and subsequently 11. So durlllg the fifth year the number of the baptized was just doubled.

In Germany, hitherto, it is known, the leading classes have been, for the most part, very disdainful towards Missions, and the journals, largely conducted by Jews who had ceased to believe in their own religIOn, and were bent on the destruction of ours, have exhibited towards them a virulent hatI'ed. But in a recent debate on the colonies, held in the Reichstag, a great change was noticeable.

.. We must note as a great matter of satisfaction," says the Allgemeine Missions Zeitschrijt, .. that this time missions have been discussed without being attacked, indeed, withont even the jocularity commonly thought to be due to such a subject. On the contrary, one had only honorable recognition for them ou all sides of the house. 'Missiouary testimonies' were designated as the 'most uuimpeachable,' the aims of the missiouaries as 'undeniably ideal,' their' work of Christian beneficence as rich in blessings,' 'the mission·stations as the true points d'appui of Christianity and civilization,' and all this by men, from whom, hitherto, we have been wont to hear a very dif- ferent language."

Especially significant, in the German Parliament, was the testimony of a social democrat, Sabor, who, of course, occupies a position of incompatibility with Christianity. He says: "We acknowl- edge that there has been a healthful activity developed by the missionaries in Africa. They have shown how much everywhere in the world is to be accomplished by patience and love; they have pi'oved that even with uncivilized tribes hearts which have a fund of goodness, can accomplish mnch without the lash of compulsion."

Spain and France both, from a regard to the political value of the Catholic missions in their colonies, contribute large sums from the public treas- ury for the support of these, doubtless to the great detriment of their spiritual character. But, as the Zeitschrift remarks with just satisfaction, Herr Windthorst, the leader of the Ultramontanes in the Reichstag, has distinctly disclaimed for his party all expectation of such subventions from the imperial treasury. There is no reason, as the Zeitschrift remarks,. why the government should not afford aid to the schools and presses of the mis- sions, Catholic and Protestant, but every reason why it should not inter- fere with their properly spiritual work, even by affording aid, since aid soon establishes a claiI!l. of supervis-ion-. – – – – STUDENT VOLUNTEER NOTES.

THE volunteers who were at the Northfield Summer School in '87 will remember the In- spiring words of Mr. H. F. La. Flamme, who but six months before, when Mr. Forman was in Toronto, had decided for the foreign work and was thAn on his way to his field in India. During the summer of '87, Mr. La. Flamme and Mr. Davis made a tour of Canada and secured about $3.000 for India. Then they saIled together.

After sixteen months spent in the study of the language they set out in February last on their first tour" to breathe out the new words in an old, old storv." Mr. Davis was given permanent charge of 500,000 souls. Mr. La. Flamme will work with him until joined byaB- other man from America, when be will push up north and open a new station. The people rush together in crowds to hear them preach, at times literally mobbing- them by pressing around tbem for the tracts they distribute. A strong appeal is made by the missionaries of the district for 52 men at once, and the third of April Was observed as a day of special prayer for tllis end. The same need is felt all over India, as IS indicated by Dr. Chamber- lain's trumpet-call in THE MISSIONARY REVIll:W OF THE WoaLD for 5,000 men. In the central provinces a work is being originated similar to the China Inland Mission to get out young men on a salary of $300 a year to evangelize Central India. Until they learn the language they will all live in a central horne, BaJaghat, with food and cloth..s only provided. Then they are to go out two and two throughout the land proclaiming Christ.

It gives us pleasure to present a letter from Mr. La. Flamme to the volunteers: My Dear Fellow Volunteer.: CORANADA, INDU., April 8,1889.

As one of you I wish to give testimony that Jesus Christ fully satisfies. That promise, .. Lo I am with you a.lway," is a living- promise, and is fully wrought mto life only when we leave all to follow Jesus. One of our number said at Northfield in IM87: .. Perhaps you think we men who are about to start for the foreign field are sorry men. I tell you we are the happiest men here;" and he spoke the truth. We prove a problem by working it back- wards. The problem of "'peace on earth and good will toward men" was worked out from God to us by the death on the cross of the Son of Man. The proof of It is found in Luke ix: 23 : .. If any man will come after me, let bim deny himself and take up his cross dally and follow me." .. Whither, Lord?" ., To crucifixion," he a.nswers. Self-crucifixion, na.iling the old man to the cross, leaving all to follow Christ, that only brings to the soul the" peace of God that passeth knowledge." Self-devotemen~ to God, and that only, works the prob- lem back from us, in our peace with God, to the full peace of God in us, which proves" the good and acceptable and perfect 1"ill of God."

And now we have proved the problem, we hav.e given ourselves. not our belongings only, not a portion of our time only, but ourselves to God himself-not to God's service merely, but to God himself. We are ready to go anywhere for Jesus, and we have peace in our souls. Bu t let us not rest there. Let us apply the problem. 1 Tim. ii : 3-4: .. This is good and acceptable in the sight of God our Saviour: who wllleth that all men should be saved and corne to a knowledge of the truth." And how shall they be saved? .. Whosoever call- eth upon the name of the Lord shall be saved." .. How, then, shall they call on Him in whom they have not believed? and how shaH they beheve m Him whom they have not heard ?

and how shall they hear without a preacher? and how shall they preach except they be &ent?" The voice of God cries. "Whom shall I send 1" "Who will go for us?" The WIlling response comes, U Here am I, send met"and with it the question, "'Whither, Lord? "-many volunteers stand just there-willing to go, but wanting to be sent, and asking… Whither, Lord?" And as they wait, expecting a special call, the great need of the foreign field is lost sight of. God's proTidences are the indications of His will.

And what are these indications? (1) Christ means each generation of Christians to give the gospel to each generation of unbelievers. Marl< xvi: 15. And the special providence for all the essentials of this vast enterprise Is found in Acts i: 8 : .. Ye sh..l1 receive roWER, after that the Holy Ghost is COrne upon you • • . to witness unto the uttermost parts."

(2) Though in some generations the carrying out of such an enterprise might have seemed like a march up to the Red Sea with the command to cross. it is not so in this. Every door is wide open. all peoples can be reached, all mission boards are calling for more men.

(3) God has established a law which makes It .. more blessed to give than to receive." If you would see the home church largely blessed,let her send you out to the foreign ser- vice according to that unfailmg promise, .. There is that scattereth and yet increaseth."

(4) One other striking indication of God's will in thIS matter is that be has informed you of the need of these destitute parts. Is that not significant? See John iii : 17. Of India's immense population, 288,000,000, fully 8,000,000 die every year, 24,000 every day. To reach these millions with the gospel the present staff of missionaries is 'Utterly inadequate. A call for 5,000 men (there are now some 600) has gone ringmg through tbe home land without contradiction or response.

But why no response? It Is because the great and perishinll:" need of India's millions Is l!Iot realized. To impress this need upon thIS home church Is the duty and the hIgh privilege of you volunteers. Urge the young men and women by the love and death of Christ, by the worth of souls and by the awful condition of the heathen world to devote their lives to the work and cry in an agony of love, .. Here am I, send me."

Mr. Wm. M. La.ngdon, another volunteer, writes from Pekin, Qhma. :

NOTES ON NEW BOOKS OF A MISSIONARY CHARACTER

"The needs here are oTerwhelming, and yet are not to be compared with those inland. With more than 200 foreigners in this city, we still sometimes attract curious, gaping crowds; and If the preacher is so strange, how unknown must be his gospel of salvation I Eleven months ago I learned of my appointment to North China, and was a little less pleased than if it had been to Japan. To-day I am glad it was China. Japan seems attractive to young America (and may the volunteers crowd that country), but tell them _ they will not regret giving their lives for Christ's work in old China."

NOTES ON NEW BOOKS OF A MISSIONARY CHARACTER.

Garenganze,. or, Seven Years' Pioneer Missionary Work tn Central Africa. By Fred S. Arnot: Fleming H. Revell, 12 Bible House, New York. Victor Hugo predicted that m the twentieth century, Africa would be the cynosure of all eyes. In this story of seven years in the Dark Continent, Mr. Arnot has given us a son's letters to his mother and the home group; a story of strictly pioneer work, fer he undertook to cross the contment on foot. The journey was marked by supernatnral savor so sweet to a believer; as when, for example, . In a terrible thunder storm, an electric ball rell crasbing at his feet hke a cannon's shot, yetlefthim unharmed; or as, when III reptlated Illstances food and water were found to reo lieve extreme hunger and thirst, just whell the crisis came and behevlng prayer had made appeal to God. The book reveals a passion for souls.

With his whole heart Mr. Arnot loved those poor Africans and yearned for their salva- tion. He was divinely restless so long as his tongue was forced to be mute amid such spiritual destitution; and love quickened his mental powers and well nigh became to him a. gift of tongues, so that after but four months he began to use the Sechuana dialect in reading, conversation and prayer. The gospel still proves its power. The converted chief Kama not only forbids the traffic in stron!" drink, but the right of way for it throngh his dominions; he puts down revolting heathen customs, and sets an example of self. denial; yet while warring against their pagan practices, he wins the hearts of his people so that, almost to a man, they would die for him. One might see more shameless vice and immorality in Glasgow 111 one day than in Shoshong during a twelvemonth. It will take more than an English canon or M. P. to shake our confidence in Christian missions while such resnltsare wrought in the very homeso! thedeathshade and the habitations of cruelty.

Mr. Arnot's secrets are open secrets. A faith that made God's promises verities, real- ities, certainties to go by; a felJowship with God that would not be satisfied Without the holy llltimacy which reveals the secrets of God to the meek; a fidelity to the lower law bf duty and.higher law oflove, that turns our groveling into pimons that bear these secrets of this apostolic traveler's success-any disciple may learn and follow… There are eudless fresh beginnings in Christ." We have not yet begun to sound the possibilities of missions, because we have not yet proved the full power of prayer and faith and obedience. When believers trust the promises, learn of Christ and fully accept the great truth that the whole world is thejield and the whole church is the foree, many more will go forth with seed and with sickle, ready both to sow and to reap; and no part of the wide field shall re- main destitute of laborers, and given over to the Harvest of Death I-A. T. P.

F. H. Revell has also published a new Imperial AUas of the TVorld in convenient folio form at the amazingly low price of one dollar. We recommend all students, and espeCIally stu- a. dents of geography, history and missions, to procure copy to place on their tables for constant reference. We have found it invaluable. It has some thirty-three maps repre- senting every continent and country in colors, with a copious index by which easily and rapidly to find any city or town or distrIct; and one great excellence of this atlas is that the maps are not encumbered With too much matter, which sometImes makes an otherwise first-rate map obscure by multipliCIty of details and lessen its utiiity.-A. T. P.

The Missicmary Library. Chicago and New York. Eight charming volumt's, of moder- ate compass, ha.ve thus far appeared in this series, viz.: the lives of Robert Morrison, Rob- ert Moffat, Jas. Chalmers, Thos. Comber, Wm. Carey, Griffith John, Bishop Crowther and Bishop Patteson. Mr. Revell's aim is to put into brief form the most interesting and a.rousing narrative" of missionary heroism. These are not pans of milk, but little pitchers of cream. compact a.nd condensed from bulkier volumes. They can be read in few hours, and easily borne ill memory. because they do not burden the reader with details. If some benevolent person would put a set of these books into every college library or within reach of students in our theological seminaries and Y. M. C. ASSOCIations. not to say the children m ourSunday-schoels. they would become the seeds of many a devoted form of service on fields both at home and abroad. We rejoice to see cheap and available mis- sIOnary biography multiplying, and have seen none that more fully suits the growing de- mand.-A. T. P.

Missionary Enterprises, South Sea 181ands. By John Williams, Presbyteria.n Board, Phil. adelphia. The name of John Williams, the martyr of Erromanga, is a sort of talismllol1 of mlSSlOns. He who knows nothing of Williams has yet to learn the alphabet and primer of missionary literature. He went to the most hopeless field in the South Seas, and found tile isles waiting for God's law. He dared all perils for the sake of Christ aud souls. His career became a triumphal one. Before he died he had the satisfaction of sowing Polynesia wiGh the gospel, and of seeing in most of the islands the seed coming to ripeness in the harvest. 'this Is another chapter in .. The Acts of the Apostles." Williams burned with it Pauline fire and God granted him a Pauline success. This book is one of the" Evidences of Christianity," an unanswerable argument and appeal for the truth and power of the Gospel.-A. T. P.

Ohri8tian Womanhood. W. C. Black, Nashville, Tennessee. There has been need for a. longtime of some monograph upon woman's position in the ancient and modern civihza.. tions. Without endorsing eVt'ry statement or opinion of Dr. Black we consider his book a. very valuable contribution to the literature of the subject, and calculated to throw much light upon some of the most important questions of the day. HIs disc~ssion of the female Diakonate is especially thorough and helpful. He shows woman's position in the ages bafore Christ, ber domestic thraldom, her social status, her systematic ignorance.alld degradation, and the wonderful reversal of all these condItions after Christ came. No ·'coman, especially, should be WIthout the stimulus this work imparts. The place woman holds and is to hold in modern evangelizatlOn is emphatically brought to the front. The book wlll prove a great help in stimulatingmissions.-A. T. P.

The Romance 01 Mis8ions. By Maria A. West. Boston: Ara Kelyan. This book is well named. It is from the pen of a most accomplished woman, Whose imaginative pen invests the work of missions with a romantiC, but not illusive or deceptive coloring. Her experi_ ence in the La.nd of Ararat we have not only read in tilese pages, but hear4 from her own lips with not only interest but fascination. She sees and hears with singular acuteness ot observation,and then with graphic power paints what she observes. We should think our misslon~ry library very deficient without Miss West's delightful and instructi ve book. Missions would not be barren of mterest if such volumes were more read. Few novels compare with this narrative of bcts.-A. T. P.

Bits about India. By Mrs. Helen H. Holcomb. Presbyterian Board of Publication. The writer of this beautifnl book has long been a missionary resident in India, and is thoroughly familiar with the things of which she writes so pleasantly. The title of the book indicates its character. It is fuJI of interesting facts about India, its people, Its customs, its wor. ship, its prlva.te and social life-the very things that really tell most concerning a. country, and yet the very things which most writers are apt to overlook.-J. M. S.

Twenty Years of the Woma.n's Foreign. M"Ul8ionary Society of the Methodist Episcopa.l Church. By Mrs. J. T. Gracey.

Sketch 01 Mr8. J. C. Doremus, by the same author. The first of these brochures is an Intel. lIgent, compact and comprehensive outline sketch of the history, the work and the results of twenty years-from 1869 to 1889-of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the M. E. Church, published bV the Heathen Woman'8 Friend, Boston. It is a sketch of remarka.- ble Interest and full of information and of inspiration.

The other Is a graceful and most touching tribute to the memory of one whose name Is like preclOus ointment ponred forth-a name lJIustrious in the annals of philanthropy and ChristIan work. She Was the first President of the first Woman's Missionary Society- "Woman's Union Missiona.ry Society "-and made her blessed infiuence felt at home IIilId abroad through a thousand channels. We wish this sketch, which costs but three cents, and is published at the same place as the one above, could be read by every woman in the land.-J. M.S.

Memoirs of Mrs. Augusta Tullis Kelley, late missionary to East Central Africa. By her husband. "In these memoirs the reader will find nothing fictitious, exaggerated or highly colored, but a plain, faithful record of the work and sacrifice of a woman of God of more than ordinary ability, wholly consecrated to his service It is a deeply interesting volume. It is charming for its simpilcity. It is the record of a holy symmetrical lire. Her own writings contribute an attraFtive pa.rtof the book. It will encourage all who pernse It to holy living. It will, we trust, awaken new zeal in the missionary cause." rhe book is deeply spiritual, bntisnot narrow or sectarian. $1 sent to Rev. W. W. Kelley, Paxton,Ill., wllIse- cure a copy.-J. M. S.

The M"l8IJionary Year Book for 1889, containing historical and statistical accounts of the principal Protestant Missionary SOCIeties in Great Britain, the continent of Europe, and America. London: The Religious Tract Society. New York: F. H. Revell. 12 mo, 428 pp. Prlce,1.25. We barely announced this work in our June issue,anda.reglad to saythat it is now upon the ma.rkilt. A similar volume was published last year, but we note a decided

GENERAL MISSI,ONARY INTELLIGENCE

improvement in the present, especially in the American department, which last year was very meagre and imperfect. Fortunately Dr. J. T . Gracey, who conducts the International Department of this R&VlEW, collated and edited the matter in the American section -<lver one-fourth of the book-which is a guarantee that this part of the work has been intelligently and thoroughly done.

The design of the Annual is to give a bird's-eye view of all the important missionary operations of Protestant Christendom. Each society in turn is briefly sketched, its field and work described, and the latest statIstics presented. So tbat within the space of a moderate volume the reader can learn just what each missionary society or agency in the wide world is doing, ",here it is laboring, and with what success. The statistics given-often tabulated-are official and invaluable. It is justsuch a work as thousands of those engaged in missionary work need for information, and it ought to have, and we believe will have, a large circulatiou. And If the success of this volume warrants it, a similar one will be issued each year hereafter.-J. M. S.

H.-GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE.

Afrlca.-Prof. Calderwood, in an able -Diffusion of the English language. The article in the Unzted Presbyterian Magazine, fact that at the recent National Congress shows conclusively that concentrated effort in India all the speeches and the entire prohas proved far more effective than desultory ceedings were in English, is a striking illusenterprises. He contrasts for example what tration of the wide diffusion of that tongne. has been done by the China Inland Mission, There were gathered at Madras seven huna.lId by the Presbyterian Church of England. dred dele::a.tes from all parts of India, Af- "Wilham Burns went to China," he says, ghanistan, Nepaul, Bnrmah and Scinde. .. in 1847: Hudson Taylor in 1>l55; Burns had They spoke nine different languages, and thus the advantageo! eight years m ad- the English was the only medium throu&'h vance. The Presbyterian church has con- which the proceedings could be satisfactocentrated in Amoy, Swatow, and in the rily conducted. Great Britain's colonial island of Formosa. This mission has now 16 enterprises ha ve been probably the largest missionaries, 7 medica.l missionaries, 13 wo- factor in spreading a knowledge of English. men wboare zena.namissionaries-36agents It is found also that in countries like Java, m all ; whereas the China Inland Mission where Great Britain has no control, the has 339 agents. How then do resnlts stand? knowledge of English IS steadily growing. The Presbyterian Church of England Mis- Not long ago the French language was the sIOn reports at the end of 1887, 3,528 commu- medium invariably employed in all internanicants. The China Inland Mission, with its tional conferences. At the last Berlin connoble examples of seJr-consecration, cannot ference, however, English and German as show results to compare with them."-Free weIl as French were employed. The other Church 01 Scotland Monthly. leading languages of Europe have graduaIly been insisting on recognitiou on an equal -We must be aggressive. We neglect the footing with French in their proper domain. work of missions at our peril. Look abroad. It was Mr. Canning who led the way when The multitudes of India and China are fast at the foreign office he ordered that certain becoming possessed of the instrnments and correspondence, hi thertowritten in French, appilances of Illodern civilization, while should be sent in English. .. The time will vice and Infldelity from the West keep pace come:' said Bismarck in 1863," when I inwith the advance of art and commerce. If tend to have all my dispatches written in Christianity fails to s~bdne these people, If German, and when I shall find means to the Christian church fails in her duty to make them understood even ill FranCe." He them, and selfishly Ignores the splendid op- kept his word, and both the English and portunities before her, she Is preparinl';' German tongues have profited by the cona.:vengers of her guilty negligence and sel- siderable decline of French as the interns.- fish apathy more cruel than the harbarlan tionallanguage of diplomacy and polite soscour&,es that deva~tated Imperial Rome. ciety. Look at h"me. Infldeilty, socialism, anarchy, the outcome of the neglect, oppression -The Scriptures are now accessible, as to and unfaithfulness ofChristendom,are rally- languages, to nine-tenths of the world's ining their forces, and preparing certain judg- habitants, while in the early part of this ment for a worldly and apathetic church. century they could be stndied only byabout Whatcanavertlt? Communism must come one-flfth. Shall it be the commnnism of the devil, or the communism of Christ? Under God, our _. Are our foreign missions a success? salvation as a church, and as a. people, de- Though the direct results of the propa- ·pends npon revived faithfulness to that ganda of the various Christian missions great aggressive work Which Christ has which have long been at work in Africa may not show an extraordmary num- Iiven us to do. ber of baptized and professing Christians in their pnblished statistics, yet their vastated." At the close of 1887 the Arab Indirect inlluence has had really remarka- traders attacked Karonga, one of the com..

ble effect in educating and humanizing can- pany's stations at the North end of Lake nibals and fetish worshipers, and the mere Nyassa, but a body of native allies came to fact that numbers of savages have been their help, and after five days the siege was taught to read, write and speak good Eng. raised. The company are appealing for lish or French, is alone one result of mis- funds to enable them to send a force of ex- sionary enterprise which should secure the perienced and equipped men to undertake sympathy and support of European Goveru- the work of repelling these Arab aggressors.

ments for these painstaking societies. In- -ReVIved HindUIsm. TheBharatDharma deed, though the converted barbarians may Maha·mandal (Iiterally"theGreat Assembly afterward grow slack in observing theprac- of the India Religion"), Hindooreligiou8 con..

tices of our religion, no one can deny that ference, concluded its second annual meet- they have been very much benefited by ing at Brindabun on the 29th ultimo. About their studies at the mission. No doubt if 200 delegates from various parts of the Pun- the great missionary propaganda of Britain jab, the northwestern provinces, Oudh and confined itself to being a kind of School Behar, including Dewan Ramjas, C.I.E., and Board for savages, it would save time and Dewan Mathuradas Bahadnr of Kapurthala, money spent in installing into low-grade were present. The conference upheld im- minds dog-mas and doctrines which these age worship, the incarnations, sbl'addha barbarians are scarcely capable of turning and pilgrimage. It was resolved that to the practical purposes of life, but inas. branches of the Maha·mandal (Great As· much as that is the original motive-power sembly) be established in places where they of Christian missions, and one must utilize do not already exist, also to promote all forces as one finds them, political ec·ono- over the country religious education, and mists should be content to let the missiona- that Hindoo boys sl,ould be taught :rI:indi, ries dogmatize and indoctrinate without let Sanskrit and the principles of the Hindu or hindrance, on account of the education religion before they begin to learn a foreign and civilization which they laterally intro- language; that no boy be married below 16, duce. The trader civilizes, but he does not and no girl belOW 10 or above 12. The con· go to savage countries for that purpose; he ference closed with prayers for the Queen- goes to trade. In like manner the bait Empress under whose benign rule, as the which draws these good men and women of Secretary remarked, they enjoyed that Ro~an Catholic and Protestant missions to mo.t invaluable boon, namely religious free- Africa, Polynesia, North America, India, dom. Prayers were also offered for Lord China aud Persia, is the desire to instUl into Lansdowne, Sir Auckland Colvin and Sir the minds of the backward races of these James Lyall; but to which of the 330,000,000 'savages of semi-civilized lands their own Hindu divinities the prayers were offered, views of Christian faith and hope, but they our authority does not say. We take it to accompany their care for the spiritual well- be to Krishna and his mistress Radha, the being of the pagan or Mohammedan with a local divinities, who, we suppose, presided very practical intention to improve his over the "Great Assembly."-Indian Evan· bodily life and to educate his mind, and in gelical Review, April.

this they do, and have done in the past, an -Results of a Christless Civilization. Grat- amount of good that has never as yet been tan Guinness lately said: .. All along that sufficientlyappreciated.-H. H. Johnston in West coast of Africll. we have built great Fortnightly Review for Aprtl. warehouses stocked with guns, gunpowder -" The African Lakes Company was form- and murderous drinks. We have built them ed in 1878 to assist the various missions at every river's mouth, and far up every then established and to work out Living- navigable rlver in the interior of the coun- stone b schemes." James Stevenson, of try, wherever European capital and power Scotland, is chairman of the company, and could reach. Where the Senegal, the Gam.

the road known as the Stevenson Road, con- bia, the Niger and the Congo roll their be- necting lakes Nyassa and Tanganyika, was neficent waters to the sea, there we have b'lilt at his expense. This is said to be one set up the man-murdering fa.,tories, and of the most important roads in Central there we land our cargoes of deadly poison.

Africa, commercially considered; but the Look at the green boxes in those factories, Arabs have begun to appropriate it to their packed with gin-infamously bad gin, too, own use, and to block the way with their scarcely lIt to make paint with; gin boxes caravans. Mr. Stevenson has just issued a by the l'Illllion I Look at the demijohns of pamphlet containing a slave-trade map of rum, great glass jars enclosed iu wicker Africa, and bringing together facts to show work, filled up to the brim with burning, that "within the last five years the ravages maddening liquor; rum jars by the million I of the Arabs have increased in area and in- Look at them in every African village and te,sity, so that a territory West of the town all along the coast, positively for thou- G~t Lakes,l,OOO miles by (O(), llle been de- sands of miles, and far away in the interior. See how the deadly trade eats like a cancer that it was fun of interest, a.nd that the into the very vitals of tbe dark continent." road is perfectly open; but being a white man, I had to pay' right of way' to the .. In wandering through some native vil- principal chiefs, who, by the way, are anxla.ges on the Kru coast," says Thomson, ious for white men ~o live with them. We "one feels as if in a kind of hades, peopled a.ri ved here in a. hundred marches, the by brutalized human beings, whose punish- marches averaging six hours. Here my ment it is to be possessed by a never-ending head was overwhelmed at the reception I thirst for drink. On all sides you, are fol- everywhere got from the BashiJange. Every lowed by eager cries for gin, gin, always hUJ dotted with large and beautiful vilgin. I had travelled and sulfered in Africa, lages; the couutry teeming with people who inspired by the idea that I was doing some ha,ve abandoned fetishism and are waitillg good in the world in opening up new lands for what the white men can bring them; all to commerce and civilization, but all my a.nxious to'learn, intelligent, have now some satisfaction was blighted as I felt that what idea of God, want to know about everything. httle work I had done had better have been faces all smiling, and everyone polite. Go undone, and Africa still remained the dark anywhere over the country, and great vilcontinen t, if such was to be the end of it all I lages enconnter tbe eye. The population is For me, as things stand in many places, I enormous and is marvellously thick. Trnly, am inclined to translate this cry of the • the harvest is great, but the laborers are opening up of Africa to civilization as really few.' Few I one only, and that one worth being the opening of itupto European vices, almost nothing."-Baptist Mis.ionary. old clothes, gin, rnm, gunpowder and guns." Ch i na.-A good book. A Chinese mer- -An Italian traveller, Signor Cechi, has lately published, in his work on East Africa, chant came into the American Baptist Misa.n interesting account of the degenerate sion Chapel in Shanghai, and, after talking representatives of ancient Christianity with him for a short time, Dr. Yates sold whom he found among the peoples inhabit- him a copy of the New Testament. He took ing the region South of Abyssinia. The Mo- it home, ;;00 miles awa.y,aud, after about hammedan invasion has driven these de- three months, appeared again in the chapel. scendants of the primitive African Chris. tians to the more mountainous parts of the He came back to say that he was uuder the country, where, .in sequestered vales, scat;.· impression that the book was not complete, tered communities of them have churches that surely it must have other parts, and so adorned with double crosses, and dedicated he came to get the Old Testament as he tosnch names as the" HolyEmanuel." They read and studied the New. What had he profess the old heresy that our Lord had only one nature, the divine. But Signor done with the New Testament r He had Cechi found them so staeped in ignorance that their doctrine can be little more to taken it to his home and shown it to the tbem tban a traditional formula. schoolmaster and the readiug people. They said: .. This is a good book. Confucius him- -Dr. Robert N. Cust, in a recent number self must have had something to do with it." of Ohurch Work, says: .. After a careful As there was only one copy, they unstitched consideration of the subject for many years I have come to the firm conviction that a this one and took it leaf by leaf, and all missionary in Equatorial Africa, East or those who could write took a leaf home. West, at a distance of, say fifty miles from Tbey made twelve or fifteen complete copies the coast, .hould not be encumbered with a of the New Testament, and introduced it family. He is like the captain of a ship, the into their schools without any" conscience soldier on a campaign, the explorer of un- clause." It was introduced as a class- known countries, and should not be weak- book throughout that district for heathen ened in the hour of peril by personal and schools.-Selected. home considerations calculated to unnerve him. It should be a rule absolute that as England.-A missionary exhibition. regards Equatorial Africa no woman should The Kensington Town Hall, London, has be allowed to be sent to a station in the in- been the scene of a very interesting exhibi- terior. I have seen a procession, as it were, tion and bazaar. A perfect museum of arti- of young women pass from the committee- cleg, illustrative of native life in India, room into African graves, with no possible China, Japan, Africa, North America and advantage as rega.rds mission work to com- Palestine, has been brought together under pensate for the frightful sacrifice of life." the auspices of the Church of England Mis- sionary Society; whilst lectures, with dis- Central Africa:-Dr. Wm. R. Sum_ solvIDg views, au the society's various fields mers, who died ,at Luluaburg, in the Congo of foreign labor have helped to render the Free State, wrote as follows to Dr. Sims re- exhibition still more instructive. Manyob- garding the people among whom he found jects of great interest, including idols, himself in that remote station: models of temples, weapons of sa.vage war- fare, and numerous specimens of native .. Of the journey I will sa.y notbing but mauufactures have been lent, and in each division of the exhibition a missionary well acquainted with the country from which the articles came was generally to be found have asked for a re-enforcement of Ii2 missiona- ready to alford all needed infotmation. ries. By the same proportion our own force Qught Relicsofa personal character, too, attracted to be enlarged by more than 100. Bnt they do much attention. Among the latter the most pathetic was the diary of the late Bishop not ask that. They ask this year for sW: new Hannington, with the last entry on the men. Let the young ministry see that the men day he was murdered, October 29, 1885: .. I can hear no news, but was held up by the are found, and the chnrches be sure that tho 30th Psalm, which came with great power. means are provided to respond fnlly to this A hyena howled near me last night, smelling modest request.-Baptist Mis8ionary. a sick man, hnt I hope it is not to have me yet." -The Pandita Rambai has met with a kind reception from all parties in Bombay, and her -The income of the Church Missionary So- experiment of opening a training school lor ciety is larger this year than it has ever high caste widows will have a fair trial. Dur- been before, and the Kensington exhibition ing her prolonged visit to America the Pandlta must materially increase it. Mightnotother met with great favor, and received more liber· missionary societies imitate with advantage al assistance than, we think, had ever before such a good example? been given to any person for missionary pur- poses. We have not been sanguine by any I ndia.-The American Baptist Telugu means in hopes for her success, knowing as we Mission. The Telugn Mission presents a cu- do the character of some of the barriers wb;~h rions 'anomaly in the missions of American Bap- rise in her way, but every such experiment Is tists. It was the most hopeless at the first, worth a trial, and every elfort, whether suc- and is now the most prosperons. From the cessful or not, which aims to ameliorate the least illteresting and encouraging, it has ad- hard lot of Indian widows, deserves the sympa- vanced, in less than twenty-five years, to the thy of all good people. The Pandlta has en- most marvellonsly successfnl mission on the thusiasm and persistence of pnrpose, and we face of the earth. The history of Christianity trnst that her success will be snch as to silence all donbters. As to opposers, she has none.- in all ages and countries shows nothing which Indian W,tnes8. snrpasses the later years of the American Bap- tist Telngn Mission in spontaneous extension, .Japan.-A College Revival. In the Chi- in rapidity of progress, in genuineness of con- cago Watchman, Mr. L. D. Wishard tells a very ver.ions. in stability of results, or in promise for the fnture. The missionary marvels of the interesting story of work in connection with his Sonth Sea Islands cannot parallel it. Only in visit to'the leading Christian college in Japan: the tragic and romantic annals of Madagascar can we find anything to compare with it; and " The Doshisha, as it is called, contains 700 , in the missions of to-day, when the amonnt of students, about one-half of whom are members elforts pnt forth, and the reality of personal ex- of the college church. The institution Is not perience is taken into consideration, not even only the largest Christian college in Japan, bnt the wonderfnl progress of Christianity.ln Japan is one of the very largest Christian institutions can he placed beside it. . . . And yet the Tel- In Asia. It has done more for the spread of ugn Mission occnpies no such place in the af- Christianity in Japan than any other agency, fections and aspirations of American Baptists, and has a national reputation for its literary as as Its wonderfnl history and success would well as its religions standing. We pursued ex- warrant. Here is one man who has under his actly the same course wbich we had followed care more than half as many native Christians so often In American colleges, and the work as there are In all Burma, ann we haven't sent from the beginning to the end of the visit was so similar to an American college revival that any even one man from Am~rica to reinforce the special description Is scarcely necessary. One Telugu Mi8sion jor near,v three veal's. .•. subject which especially interested the stndents was the place which Christianity holds in the Bnt the crisis has come. The mission cannot colleges and among the highly educated of the and must not go longer in the way it has been West_ Many of them had been led to think going. These thousands of converts, most of that Christianity was losing its hold upon onr whom are less than ten years in the Christian intellectnal classes. This outrageous falsehood life, must be trained for Christian manhood has been circulated in Japan by skeptical pro- and womanhood. The appeals of these hun- fessors from England, Germany and America. dreds, and even thousands, who are asking for the missionary to visit their villa~es, and bap- "One of the most interesting and the most dif- tise taem, must be responded to. The over- ficnlt features of the work consisted in the in- worked and overburdened brethren mnst be qniry meetings. It was an imposing sight to see relieved and enconraged by seeing re-enforce- a score of gronps of from three to six students ments coming to their help. We have other gathered about a professor or experienced great and pressing works which must be done, Christian student eagerly discussing the plan of but the re-enforcement of the Telnga Mission salvation. The meetings for personal work presents claims npon our young men, and upon were generally held In onr private rooms. Dr. the gifts of the people, which cannot be longer Davis gladly tnrned his parlor and dining-room into an inquiry-room, and sometimes forty or Ignored. The Canadian Baptist TeluguMission more stUdents would crowd in and spend from ODe to two hours. It was a joy indescribable to answer their eager questions, and lead them we left. The same evening fifty men in a meetstep by step into the light. One of those meet- ing for the unconverted announced their deterings I shall never Corget. The company was mination to begin praying for themselves, and pretty evenly divided-about half of them skep- to seek Christ, as it was expressed, untll they tical concerning the inspiration of the Bible, the found Him." Divinity of Christ, the immortality of the soul, &c.; while the balance were settled upon these Iu this connection we add the words of a mispoints, and were willing to accept Christ as sionary who writes to the ilfiBsionary Herald their Savionr. I di vided the crowd, leaving- the that on March 24 103 students from this instituskeptics with Mr. Bartlett of Dartmonth, '87, tion, 98 young men and 5 young women, received who was one of the first of the pledged mission- Christian baptism and were welcomed to church ary volunteers to reach the foreign field, and fellowship. Last year 141 of the students wbo has a special knack for meeting skeptical made public profession of Christ. And still objections. I took the others into an adjoining further: room. There were abont twenty-two of them. After talking for some time about the plan of .. It is with great pleasure, " says the Mis8ionsalvation, I asked those who had already ac- ary Herald, "that we are able to announce that cepted Christ, or were willing te accept Him a Christian gentleman of New England, who there and then, to aunounce it. Fnlly seventeen desires that his name should be uUknown, has did so, and the reasons which theygayefortheir been so impressed by the value of the work hope in Cbrist were as satisfactory as you will done by the Doshisha Institution at Kyoto, and ordinarily hear iu an American college. by the caU which Mr. Neesima has made for its enIargementasa university,that he has contribut- .. Four or five fellows listened earnestly and ed the noble sum of $100,000, of which $.5,00 are iadly to the testimonies of their companions, to be for an endowment, and $25,000 for the but were unable to grasp the fact of his gift of erection aud furnishing of a science haU. " eternal life. So I said to them, 'Fellows, what will convince you beyond a doubt that the gift PerSia.-Mission Movements. A recent is yours?' They did not answer at once, so I letterfrom Persia speaks of the rapid move tosaid, 'If I should come to you and teU that you wards religious liberty to Moslems, which has had fallen heir to a maguiflcent estate, what been taking place in the capitol, Teheran, and iu would convince you beyond all question of the the part of the field where our American truthfuluess of my word?' , We may be satis- brethren are at work. A few facts will illustrate fied if we could see it,' one. of them replied. this: (1) At Tabreez, an American medical mis- • Would that really satisfy you f' I asked. They siouary was asked by the Vali Ahad, or heir-apdidn't grasp my meauing, so I continued, ' Sup- parent to the throne of Persia, who is also Govposing you saw the legal document-the re- ernor of the Province of wbich Tabreez is the cord? ' , Oh, yes, that would settle the ques- capital, to give up his connection with the mistion,' they exclaimed. 'Well,' I continued, • we Sion, and become his private physcian on a large are 80 fortunate as to have the record. Turn salary. The doctor had no wish to accept it, but to John v: 11, aud let us read, .. And this is the was urged by· his brother missionaries aud the record, that God hath given us eternal life, and Mission Board to doso. He told the prince that he this life is His Son." , could do so on the condition only that he should bequite free to teach and preach his own religion, " I bhall never outlive the memory of the and to this the prince agreed. The appointment scene of that room. They fairly snatched their was considered so important that it was dis- New Testaments from their pockets, and eag- cussed by all the Legations, and oppo,ed by erly searched for the record. And bending low Russia only. The strangest thing was that tho over the pages they seemed to drink in the Mullahs approved of it, and said they could trust words like thirsty men. It was a pathetiC a man to attend to their women who was not sight, those boys beuding anxiously over the ashamed to stand up for his own religion. (2) record, which probably none of them had ever A convert from Islam in another city has not seen before. I could see their faces brighten, only made a public profession of Christ, but has althougb my eyes were becoming somewhat also acted as a mission agent under the American dimmed. Presently one of the boys looked up. missionaries there, and was lately married tothe His face glowed. He reached out his hand. daughter of the native pastor. Great opposition • Is the qnestIOn settled f' I asked. 'Yes, it is was raised to the marriage by the native Chrissettled,' he replied; and they all said the same. tian community (Armeniaus), but none whatever There was joy in that room. The iuterpreter by the Moslems. (3) Not many years since an said, 'L.t us pray'; alid while he prayed I order was given by the Shah, through H. B. M. thought of the joy with which heaven was ring- Minister, that the missionaries should not allow ingas any Moslem to enter their church, or attend any kind of service. Iu December, when Dr. Bruce The angels echoed around the throne, was returning to Julfa, he preached in Persia in .' Rejoice, for the Lord brings back his own I ' Teheran to a crowded congregation of Chris- tians, Jews, Parses., and Moslems. After the "So the work continued day after day. As service the whole congregation stayed for Sunsome indication of the progress of the work, I day-school, and one of the missionaries had a wi11 say that fully one hundred men attended a class of some 25 lloslems, Jews, and Parsees. meeting for new converts, held a week before

MISSIONARY CORRESPONDENCE FROM ALL

chiefly Moslems, whom he taught the word of Sabbath, with a total attendance of about one God, just as in any Sunday-school clas~·. (4) thonsand. In the qnarters ot Haskeuy and Scu. After service one of the missionaries went out tari and in the rear of the Bible Honse, there are with, a catechist to two Moslem villages, and commodions chapels, bot for more than torty preached quite publicly to attentive congrega- years the evangelical Armenian chnrches in the tions in the street. (5) There are now several great quarters of Pera and Stamboul have converts from Islam In Ooroomiah who make 8 snffered severely in their growth and influence public profession of their faith. These five facts for the lack of church homes of their Own. The are significant signs of progress, and give ground brethren of the Pera and Stamboul churches are, for belief that God's time to favor Persia, of now about to make fresh efforts to secnre hOllses which Dr. Bruce has so often spoke, is at hand. of worship, and we bespeak for them tbe sym- -Christian at Work. pathy and aid of American Christians. The preachers of the gospel have never been so nn- T hi bet.-Mr. Andrew Wilson says that the merous and strong as at present, and the spirit of love and union among the brethren has sensi- Thibetans are the most pre-eminently praying bly increased. By means of our station conferpeople on the face of the earth. .. They have ence, genuine co-operati~n in carrying forward praying stones, praying pyramids, praying flags the evangelical work has been secured, and the flying over every bouse, praying wheels, praying differences of former years have quite disap· miJJs, and the univereal prayer, 'Ommani padme peared.- M!88ionary Herald. haun,' is never ont of their mouth," A German writer on Lamaism says of this sentence, which United States.-A fearless Missionary. literally means" 0 God 1 the jewel in the lotus," Dr. Otis Gibson, who died recently in SanFran. that these six syllables are, of all the prayers of cisco, was a noted missiona.ry among the Chinese earth, that which is most frequently repeated, in that city from 1868 to 1886. Dr. S. L. Baldwin written, printed, and conveniently offered up by in the Chinese Evangelist gives a thrilling acmechanical means. .. They constitute the only count of hisebaracter and work. We give,an exprayer which the common Mongols and Thihetans tract. "He soon gained the entire respect and know; they are the first words which the stam- confidence of the Chinese residents; and when mering child learns, and are the last sighs of the the hoodlum spirit became rampant and truckdying. The traveller murmurs them upon his ling politiCians catered to it for personal advantjourney, the herdsman by his flock, the wife in age, so tbat a public sentiment was engendered her daily work, the monk in all stages of con- very inimical to the Chinese residents, Dr. Gibtemplation-that is to say, of nihilism; and they son with that lofty courage cbaracteristic of him, are the cries of conflict and triumph. One meets stood firmly and resolutely in defence of the opwith them everywhere, whereever the Lama pressed Chinese. He was once burned in effigy church has established itself-on flags, rocks, in front of the City Hall, while the mayor of the trees, walls, stone monnments, utensils, strips City was making an anti-Chinese speech within, of paper, human skulls, skeletons, etc. They and conniving at the doings of the godless mob are, according to the meaning of the believer, without. On appearing once in the Legislative the essence of all religion, of all wisdom and RaHat Sacramento, a motion was promp~y revelation; they are the way of SIllvation and made by one of the hoodlum members that Otis entrance to holiness." Gibson he expelled from the hall; but there was a majority of rational and dece&! men in the Turkey.-Constanti~ople. Arnerlean Chris- body large enongh to prevent the passage or the tianity has three grand institutions in Constanti- resolution. Sometimes it was necessary to senople, namely, the Bihle House in Stamholll, cure police protectiou for the mission house, which is the centre of literary work for the Em- and on many occasions Mrs. Gihson was in seripire; the Female College, called the .. Home," ous donbt when he left the building whether she on tbe heights of Scutari, on the Asiatic shore, wonld ever see him again alive. In the midst and Robert College, on the bluff of the Bo~pho­ of such conflicts and trials he pressed on unrus, six miles above the city. There are thrEe daunted in his work until three years ago, when native evangelical churches, namely, two Arme- he was stricken with paralYSiS, undoubtly the niau and one Greek, with a total membership result of the long nervous strain to which he of over two hundred, and eleven religious ser- had been subjected." services in eight different quarters of the city and in three different langnages lire held every I1I.-MISSIONARY CORRESPONDENCE FROM ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD-FIELD.

Africa. of a year now accessions have been constant E. F_ Baldwin's Work in Southern and everyone haptized has renounced Moham- Morocco. medanism. For a time the work was seemingly much hindered by severe persecntion. Impris- MOGADOR, MOROCCO, March 21, 1889. onment, be3ting, disowning, banishment-these DEAR BROTHER: Some of your readers know are all too familiar to the converts here in somewhat of the precious work of grace in pro- Southern Morocco. But when it was impossible gress here among Mohammedans. For upwards to longer work here in Mogador we travelled and preached, going literally on the methods gospel brings them. May not all thia encourage laid down in Matthew x, which we hold with, the zeal and faith of scattered workers toiling we find, increasing numbers of God's children in these bard Moslem fields? to be of perpetnal obligation. We have found them to contain the deep and matchless wisdom Some new workers, all committed to Mat- thew x lives, have just jOined us. Tbere are of God for missionary etrort.* Several others now six of us bere, all mrn of course, with onr lives given up to toil for Lurist nnder bis primbesides myself, inclllding recently converted itive instructions. A band is forming in Ayernatives. are so travelling. The natives knowing shire, Scotland, of others. who will come to us no other methods, have gone glad)y forth, with- soon, we trust. Others in different places are ont purse or scrip. on foot, taking uothing and greatly interested. We hope to have many namarvellous blessiug in the way of conversion tives together here in the summer months for has followed the steps of their simple faith. trainiug in the Word, that they may afterwards They go with no thought of payor salary. The go forth two by two, without purse or scrip. Father makes their simple needs His care. lily own position as an unattached missionary, de- E. F. BALDWIN. pendent only on God for temporal supplies (which, blessed be Hie name, He ceaselessly Brazil. supplies), enables one to consistently instrnct these native Christians in the principles and THE MISSIONARY BUREAU,LoNDON, methods of .Matthew x, and encourage them to go forth npon them. April 8, 1889. DEAR DR. PIERSON:- I enclose It is to this retnrn to these first principles of mission work I attribute the constant :!low of copy Qf a letter received from Brazil, blessing we are having. and which is so except- 10~1 in Mohammedan fields. I earnestly rec- on the subject of "Self-Supporting ommend them to others who may have the faith and are so circumstanced as to practice them. Missionaries." As it is the phase of I say this without any reflection upon the more ordinary and accepted lines of mission endeavor. the subject <in which we are most The field is vast and the need great, and by all and every means let the gospel be.preached. deeply interested, and one in which Jnst now the vigilance of our persecutors and very much more can be done than adversaries has somewhat relaxed, and our fre- has yet been ~ttempted•. I thought quent meet:!Igs (sil<teen in Arabic and eight in English per week, are well attended, and we you might find room for it in your are cheered by more conversions. Several are jnst presenting themselves for baptism. Last excellent REVIEW. night one of the most intelligent and best educated Moors I have ever met,:pnblicly confessed JOHN M. PAMMANT, Secretary. Christ for the first time-both speaking and praying (as all the native Christians do from the Self-Supporting Missionaries: honr of their conversion) in onr meeting before "GREAT BRITAIN, tbrough her vast commercial many witnesses. He is one of the few" honor- and colonial relations, sends men to all parts of able" ones who have been won. We trnst he the habitable globe. These men are natnrally may become a veritable Paul. He was··some energetic and enterprising or they would not months since arrested and thrown into prison on offer for foreign service. the suspicion of being a Christian, which at that ,. Is it not possible to transform this splendid time he was not. His feet, like Joseph's, .. they army of yonng men into repres~ntatives of hurt with fetters," the scars of which he will Christ? I sincerely believe it is. The church never cease to carry. Poor fellow' He was of Christ in England has within its fold the very then withont the comfort that comes to a child flower of manhood, ready for service In any part of God in a1Hiction, and yet enduring reproach of the world. What then is necessary? That for Christ. But God blessed his dreary sojourn for every foreign post a Christian man should in prison to his soul, and it contribnted to his be forthcoming, a man with every qualification conversion. Pray for him. necessary, and equal to any that may be fur- nished from the world's ranks. But how are Some from among the few resident Europeans these men to be brought into contact with the and from among the Jews also have turned to companies who are to employ them? Anassoclthe Lord and confessed Him in baptism. ation might he formed of Christian merchants and others, who would, by their infiuence and Tidings from different places in the interior, known integrity,be nble to select men ofguaranwhere tbe word of life has been carried from teed ability antI general suitableness. But what here, tell us of many turning from Mohammed's wonld be the ~ractical gain to the church by all cold, hard. false faith, to the love and light the this? The gain would be sim ply incalculable. In the first place a great stumbling block wonld –*A series ofpapers dealing witb the qnestion be removed, fornothing impedes the spread of the gospel abroad more than the lives of godless of mission methods and entitled The Question Englishmen. All missionaries will attest this. 01 the Hour-Foreign Mis8ions, is appearing But the greatest advantage of all will be that now in The Christian of London, and are at- thousands of seU-supporting missionaries will tracting wide attention. be located all over the world, for every living Christian is a missionary, whatever his private , calling may be. The opportunities of spreading I hear Miss Pilditch is this moment bnsy giv- the gospel which lie within the reach oC every ing a singing lesson to our school children.

Englishman abroad are very great, and this Santhals are hill people and good singers.

without in any way interfering with his private Thank God for liberty to praise the Lord in the dntles. While laboring abroad I have had the midst of heathendom.

constant fellowship an 1 help of several young Last Sunday about 150 were at the Lord's Englishmen. One who ,vas ever ready to help table to remember His death; it was the won- was the manager of a foundry; another was the der of the RItes, the Son oC God dying for sinful director of one of the largest companies in this men. Eleven men and women were baptized city; and in the same way every Englishman in November, and one man l'lst month, on who fills an engagement abroad may do good proCession of faith in Christ. There is hope oC work for Christ, providing he be a living Chris- many more to Collow. Pray for them.

tian. Famine is tormenting thousands of people i I ask, should all this power for good be left daily heads of families, men and women, come to unapplied f Surely heroic young Christians will me, saying we have nothing to eat; give us some be forthcoming to fill any post that others work, rice or money; the children are crying.

would accept for the salary. The love of Christ The Santhals are a brave and hard-working.

should be stronger than the love' of enterpri.e people, but this famine is a great trouble, and or lucre, and as to fitness, who shall say that the Government does not Ceellncllned to help.

the man of God is inferior to the worldling f " Come ye blessed.-For 1 was hungry and ye Joseph and Daniel proved themselves not one gave me food. Inasmuch as ye did it unto one whit behind their godlesR compeers in worldly of these, my brethren, even the least, ye did It knowledge, tact and business capacity. unto me." Matt. 25 : 14-40. How can we see All that is wanting to put this scheme into these people starving before Our eyes f This is practice is the formation of an association of a time of need. Pray lor them, and afterwards Christian merchants and philanthropists, and see how mnch you can deny yourself to help its results will be universal. them. If friends knew their need, they would " JAMES F ANSTONE." cheerfully send a few pounds to help them.

India. A Ohristian Baba. Interesting letter from Secretary From Rev. J. A. B. Cook, Singa- Haegert, of the Bethel Santhal Mission. pore, Feb. 21, 1889.

BETHEL. 21st March. 1889. MR. TAlIl KONG WEE was born In Singapore, DEAR EDITORS: of Christian parents, in 1842 i he was thus a Baba. To explain this word, I cannot do better We left England in October, '88, with six new than quote the following from Vaughan's" Chi- missionaries for onr mission, and arrived here nese of the Straits Settlements": "The term safely on the 2d December. Our services on Baba Is used by the natives oC Bengal to board were a joy to os and a blessing to others. designate the children oC Europeans. and it Is Oor missionaries learned 500 Santhal words, probable that the word was applied by the and attended 24 lectures on diseases, their Indian convicts at Renang to Chinese children, cause, their course and treatment on board. No and so came Into !(enerai use. The word is time was lost; since their arrival they have given in Donglas's Hokien Dictionary as mean- continued their study. and made good progress Ing a half·caste Chinese from the Straits. In in medicine and the Santhallanguage. Mess1·s. the Straits, however, the term Is applied to all ,Panes and Hearn are at Bethlehem, 20 miles Chinese born there, half-caste, or otherwise." east; the others are here. We trust Mr. The term, moreover, is applied to adults as Rowat will go 20 miles north by and by. well as to children.

D,n:ing the last four months, patients from Mr. Kong Wee's father was a gambler 25 villages were attended at Bethel. Our and pepper trader. who sent him to school at the ulne dispensaries are busy at this time, as Rame's Institution, where he was taoght Eng- the prevailing heatlays many aside. (It is 8 P. lIl. lish. Like all Babas he knew Malsy better just now. and we have 95 degrees on our veran- than Chinese, though he also knew Chinese, dah, in the shade.) Oor nine dispensaries re- which some Babas do not. He left school when move moch misery and woe from many a home, sixteen to enter a lawyer's omce, where he and this they do all the year rouud. As a rule, remained until about three years ago, when he patients from more than 150 vill"ages receive removed to Madras for the education of his two treatment every year. sons. He had saved sumcient to enable him to. retire and do this. The reason why he went Since January, '89, we visited four melas there I will give further on. (heathen feasts) and disposed of 1,850 gospels. May the bleSSing of the Almighty rest on His His parents, brothers, sisters, and indeed all word, printed and preached, and may He guide his relatives were heathen. He also remained a the people to the feet of Christ. heathen Cor some years after leaving school, un- til he came into contact with a Chinese Chris- Last week our preachers, two and two, visit- tian, one of the earliest converts oC the London ed ftfty villages. M18si(!nary Socie.ty, which nnfortunately aban- children the best training they could under ~ most fayorable conditions. Their hope was that doned the Straits altogether, so long ago as both the lads might not ouly become earnest Christians, but also like the f:tther, preachers of 1847. By this Chinese Baba he was induced to the gospel, to the Babas of Malayrla. I am thankful to add that both the BOns are now cast in his lot with the Christians. He after- members of the church, and we hope to. see them more than filling their father's place in wards married one of his daughters, and she the coming years. May God grant it.

had much to do with the after life and usefulne.s PerSia.-The American Presby;'

ot her husband. She still survives, and intends tcrrian Mission.- From one of the missionaries: to return to Madras, until her sons complete The missionary work of Oroomiah Station is their education there. . in some respects unique, and iu many ways it is di1llcult, but full of promise. We area band The whole of Mr. Kong Wee's relatives stood of missionaries set down among a remnant of ancient Christendom in the midst oC Moslem out against his becoming a Christian. He was conquerors. It is a journey of nearly two months' travel to our field-so Car inland and so afterwards on visiting terms with them, and Car isolated that very few Americans other than missionaries have eyer yi"ited tbe region. The supported his mother nntil the last, but he was band of missionaries are four Presbyterian min- isters and their wives; one physician, his wife never forgiven by them for leaving the" cus- and mother; one secular missionary, and tbree single ladies. toms of his fathers," i. e., idolatry. While in The location and extent ofthe field.-To the India he often wrote, urging Mrs. Cook to visit north is Monnt Ararat, at the corner of Persia, Russia, and Tnrkey. The eastern boundary hi… de",rest mother" and sis ters. This we for nearly a hundred miles is the inland Ses of Oroomlah in ancient Media. Then the field extried to do, but apparently with little good tends westward to the Tigris, over the rugged region of the mountains and valleys in Kurdi.. result. Yet snrely God will hear his prayers on tan to the Tigris, as it passes the site of ancient Nineveh. The territory to be evangelized by their behaIr. When he first became a Christian, our station is nearly as large as the State of OhiO, partly in Persia, partly in Turkey, and is he once told me, thongh he had made a clean one of the oldest abodes of man.

break with idolatry, he knew very litt:e of the The Population and Nstionalities.-The first people Cor special efl'ort are the Syrians, or steps he had taken. Bnt by the teaching o~ his Nestorians, a remnant of the once great church of the Far East, that had its missions even in wife and others, by prayer, and the constant China a thousand years ago. This remnant nnm- bers about 150,000. There are probably 30,000 stndy of his Malay New Testament, he came to Jews on the site where they were carried cap- tive twenty-five centnries ago; there are as see "trnth as it is in J esns." He became a many more Armenian Christians; nearly a mil- lion and a quarter oCKurds, Moslems and Devil trne disciple, and was ever found ready to worshipers, aud over half a million of Persian Moslems; a total of near two million souls. speak for the Master, in his own house, at tbe There are many reasons why we should expect the Nestorians to be won over rapidly, as a cbapels, tbe prison, and elsewhere. He was people, to pnre Christianity, and the other peo- ples more slowly. certainly tbe most hearty and enthusiastic Chi- History of the Miasion.- The Nestorian naman I ever came across. So frank and out- remnant were first fully made known to the Protestant world in 1830, by exploring missionspoken. It was qnite refreshing to meet with aries. The mission was begun in 11l35, and called the Mission to the Nestorians. The him. first missionaries were Rev. Justin Perkins and Dr. Asahel Grant, very noble and euthnsiastic He preached freely at his own charges, and pioneers. Others, of a like spirit, ,followed them, of whom the Messrs. Stoddard and Rhea, gave regularly of his means to the cause of the and Miss Fidelia Fiske (as well as the two piO- neers) furnished subjects of bioll:raphy. In 1870 gospel, and even when away in Madras, where he also gave, he always had his monthly sub- scription paid in Singapore, and when he heard of the new chapel at Bukit Timah he sent twen- ty-five dollars towards the building fund. For years he and a few others went regularly once a quarter to communion services, and thus helped to keep things going tbere, after the founder of this station, Mr. Keasberry, had passed away; and it was largely owing to him and two or three others that services were maintained at tbe Malay chapel from the time Mr. Keasberry died, until our mission took over this station also, with its much reduced congre- gation. We shall continue to miss him in many ways. I shall always be thankful I knew him, and learned to love him as a brother. I shall remember his pleasant, hearty manner, his readiness to take a service or help in any way he could.!

A severe liver complaint brought him back with his wire to Singapore, but it was too late to save his life; he died in February of last year in great sufl'ering, but" in peace."

The reason why the parents took their sons- their ouly surviving children-to Madras was· that they might be witb them tbere, away from the debasing influences of Chinese idolatry, and the example and practic~s of heathen rela- tives. He knew too well what heathenism was.

So these loving parents wished to give their the name of the mission was changed to The Church has four Presbyteries -and a Synod; MiSsion to Persia. Since then it has enlarged also a native Board of Evangelization that meeta its sphere to embrace half Persia, or near 5OO,()(,0 monthly. By combining funds and counsels square mUes, in its efforts. Stations have been with the miSSionaries, a system of pastoral care established in Tabreez, Teheran, Hamadan and and itinerant labors is in operation which aims, a8 fast as possible, to reach all the Christian Salmas. population, and to carry the gospel to all other 1835, the work was hegun, and the mission- population. about us.

aries warmly welcomed by the Nestorians; The people are very poor in worldly goods, 1836, the Shah of Persia gave a firman to the but are able to do much for their own support, missionaries, and severely punished ruffians and for the spread of the gospel. The average that tried to kill them; 1838, the Roman Catho- amount given is about a dollar to a communilic mission was begun in the same field; 1841, cant-$2,000 per annum. This sum stands for the first printing-press ever seen in Persia began much real devotion and self-denial. Tne wages its work at Oroomiah in printing the Bible; of a laboring man is ten to fifteen cents a day, 1844, the training-school was removed to Seir, and of a skilled laborer, suob as a carpenter, and the Female Seminary was fairly opened; never more than thirty cents a day. Money is 1845, was the massacre of thousands of Chris- very scarce, and the sum that passes the hands tians by the Kurds, and follo wing this was a se- of our Christiaus is very small and very bard to vere persecution; the Patriarch and the Persian Governor beat and imprisioned many of the earn; but all give, and some conSCientiously missionaries' converts; 1846 to 1849, remarkable revivals; 1852, Persia was at war with Enl(land, give their tithes. and the missionaries were under Russian .pro- The Special Needs.-These are numerous; tection; 1855, the Reformed Church began; 1862, the Presbytery formed; 1862 and 1866, the one most pressing at this time is to provide years of cholera, and many thousands of people larger accommodations for our college. The swept away; 1870 to 1871, years of famine iu present building (two stories and basement, 110 many parts of Persia; 1871, the missiou trans- by 45 feet) gives ns chapel, library and recitation ferred from the American Board to the Presby- rooms, aud accommodations for sixty students, terian Board; 1877, extensive revivals; 1878, This building cost about $5,000. The demand is the Reformed Church more fully organized; very great to double the number of students, 187~, the new college built, and hospital begun; and give to half of them industrial educatiou. 1880, terrible famine, also insurrection of the It is an opportunity we must avail of, and thus Kurds; 1885, prevailinl!: revivals in the congre- bring the active and leading young men into the gations; 1886, High Church ritualists sent out evangelical Influence. In a few years these by the Archbishop of Canterbnry and began a young men will be the pillars of the church. If miasion; 1888, new Female Seminary built; we fail, these young men whom we reject will 1889. a new station nndertaken in the Kurdish fall Into the hands of Roman Catholics and Mountains. other errorists. While we sleep the enemy will sow tares. Three thousand dollars will bnild The first yearl, from 1835 to 1845, were years the needed accommodations for seventy addiof preparation in teaching, preaching and trans- tional students and provide shops. lating the Scriptures. From 1845 to 1855 there were many blessed revivals in the boarding- DEAR DR. SHERWOOD:-I have just schools, and the young men and women con- received particulars of the murder of verted carried the love of Christ with them to the villages, and many souls were spirituaJly of one of our converts in the Reformed renewed. From 1855 onward the Reformed Church was gradually formed, necessitated by Presbyterian Church, Antioch. persecution and other causes. The converts Yours faithfully, were first invited to meet with the missionaries R. M. SOMMERVILLE. in the Lord's Supper. As the members increased. separate congregations were formed in The following extractfl'oma private the villages, and native pastors placed over letter, recently received at Mersine, them. As pious young men were trained, they from Mrs. James Martin, of Antioch, were sent outaa teachers and evangelists. Thus should drive the churches to more the work has grown, and several thousaud souls are annuaJly reached. There is the stated importunate prayer in behalf of the preaching of the gospel in 120 places. The devoted brethren who are laboring largest congregation numbers 600 ; the smallest there in the face of such violent only ten or fifteen souls. opposition: The communicants in 1S:>7 were 216; in 1867, 697; in 1877, 1.087; and in 1887, 2,003. The .. We are now in deep grief and aftliction. whole number from the first is over 3,000. The Two weeks ago yesterday Abd EI Maseeh Telroll of ministers shows 40 fully ordained, and fort, one of our members, a yonng man of about 30 others, licentiates; also 87 elders and 91 dea- twenty, who joined our church in company with conesses of the congregations. The Reformed his mother three years ago last October, was set on by the Greeks in the shop where he was learning dyeing. Being at leisure, he was reading in the Bible, when a man standing on the other But the Persian Consul brought to court lve side of the narrow street said to another, 'See men, Greeks, who Baid they were in the street that fellow I He is still reading the gospel.' all day, and no assault occurred. We had Fast- Then the man attacked Abd Et Maseeh, striking day yesterday. The Greeks say, •That is the him on the head and kicking him, and cursing first of you only; we will settle you all.' Yeshim, his religion, and hook. A brother of the terday our cook was out in the evening, when young man roshed on him too, aod they dragged one of several men cursed his religion and made him oat of the shop, beating and kicking him. to strike him. Another caught the man, and He appealed to his master for help, but the mas- Yusef got away. The Lord is on our side, and ter took up a stick and made to strike him, and we shall not be moved." others coming np, Abd Et Maseeh got off. This is what the witnesses iestify. The father of Tahiti.-We gladly give place to the yoong man says that his son came home with blood flowing from his ears and nose. The this communication. father, a Greek, wanted to complain to the Government at once, but Abd Et Maseeh replied, In the midst of this dark financial 'No, my father, leave it to Christ, the Judge.' crisis of the London Missionary Society, Tile Ioung man ate a little supper, and went out we have been favored with the sight of a recent to an evening meeting where he and some others letter from Tahiti, well known and remembered were discussing Bible truth. He Boon returned by some of us as Otaheite, as the earliest part home, and after vomiting lay down, and falling of the field of the labors and of the signal sucinto coma, never spoke again. It was near noon cess of this mission. next day before they came for the doctor. When the doctor saw him and heard his story, he got the The remarkable importance of this intelligence futher to call in the Greek doctor and Immanuel, at the present moment is that it shows in a well the Bon of the Turkish Protestant pastor here, authenticated and most interesting detail the who had just returned from Stamboul with a fresh fruit that still remains on the old field of diploma, having .todied in Beirnt. The Greek Pomare, even after the French aggression. and Protestant doctors quarreled at once, the Greek saying it was meningitis, and the other We think we are noW warrented to print and saying it was impossible-it was from violence. to circulate privately some sentences of this let- The family dismissed the Greek, and the doctor ter, which is addressed to a lady in Edinburgh got there just as he was leaving. The doctor who was once herself a foreign missionary, and and Immanuel examined Abd EI Meseeh, and who presided at the Edinburgh Ladies' Associthey came together here, and in this room Im- ation of the London Missionary Society the manuel declared it could be nothing but violence. The young man died Friday evenin!(, and the other day: doctor asked the family to get a paper from the "I have always been hopiug to have a great Government for a post-mortem. Dr. Garabet Hagopian, of Aleppo, who studied in New York deal of missionary news to give you, but, though under Dr. Post's father, is here, and the doctor it is now nearly seven months since we left Sanasked the family to call him, and with Immanuel Francisco, I have not seeu a single European and his brother Yakoub, who studied in Aintab, Protestant missionary. All the IslandS that we and Is the agent of the city, made a post-mortem have visited are in the hands of the French, and examination and declared all the signs were of the English missionaries have been gradually violence to th~ head. That was On Saturday, driven out. Both in the Marquesas and the and on Tuesday they met to arrange their re- Panmutos we saw a great deal of the Roman port, and the sons of the Protestant pastor, Catholics, and I am glad to say that they seemed though not daring to deny that death was caused much less bigoted than they are with us. They by violence, said that there were many enemies, read the Bible in churcb, aad preach sermons, and they dare not say in the report to the Govern- and where there was only a catechist to conment that it was so, and they, too, actually drew duct the service, it seemed quite like our own, up a report in the Interest of the murderers_ as, of course, he could not celebrate Mass. At Dr. Garabet was besieged and offered bribe~ and Tahiti, though I found no missionaries, I am intimidated to compel him to pui his signature to very·glad to tell you that I found that the work their report, but he refused. The assault oc- had been so thoroughly founded that it is going curred In open day, in the street, and the wit- on quietly in the hands of native missionaries, nesses are numerous; but Greek and Turk have and very few have joined the church of Rome. united to kill the case. Three Moslems and two • . • After leaving Papeete we were detained Fellaheen gave testimony, but the Government by broken masts for two months at a very beausaid it would be wrong to write down that they tiful village in the southern part of Tahiti, called cursed his religion aud his book. The murder- Tantira, and it was there that I saw most of the ers are hidden in the house of the Persian Con- people, and loarned to love them. They are so sul. He is a Mason, as also are the pastor's loving and hospitable, and so cheerful and sons. The do«tor telegraphed home and lI:ot au happy. The fir~t Sunday, when I went ashore answer, and the pressure on the Turks is strong. to church, I found the table spread for the communion, and all covered with a white cloth. I asked leave to jOin, and was welcomed by the officiating minister, who was dressed in a dark blue and whIte narin (a cottou kilt), white shirt, and black paletot coat. All the ministers and deacons 'll'ere dressed in this fashion, and

INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT

had bare feet. In fact, my shoes were the only ship on Wednesday. On the appointed day ones in the chnrch I thirty women and three children came dn .. When the covering-cloth was removed, I fonnd that the wine was in black beer bottles, board, and not satisfied with what they had the cups were of very coarse earthenware, and the bread was baked bread-fruit cut in very already given me, they brought twenty-five small pieces. It was very touching to me to keep the feast with the Mi.sion congregation cocoanuts, fowls, and six pillows stuffed with so recently rescued from heathenism,-touching, too, to realize how the simple rite is silk cotton from the cotton-tree. I asked them snited to all climes and peoples, and may be nnderstood and partaken of although you do to sing a hymn before we went downstairs, not nnderstand a word of the language. When the service was over, I fonnd that I had put my_ which they did; and then, to my great surprise self in a much more conspicuous position than I had any idea of. First, all the ministers and they proceeded of their own accord to make deacons shook hands with me, aud ~hen all my fellow-communicants, of whom there must have speeches and prayers. An old sailor on board, been more than 280. who speaks the language, told me that one wo- .. That afternoon the chief called on me, and begged me to come ashore early on Monday man, who prayed fervently, prayed much for the morning, to receive a gift which the people wished to give to their new member. I went, captain, that he might be guided to do all that and here is a list of what I call •the gains of godliness' in Tahiti :-six fowls, one hundred was necessary for our safety. I was strnck with cocoanuts, bananas, ripe and green, breadfruits, sweet potatoes, taro, pine-apples, eggs, that when I heard it, and still more when the capand a lobster. These were all carried by men on poles over their shoulders, and laid on the tain discovered the very next day that the mast ground in front of our house. ,The chief preseuted them in the name of •Tws/ell religieus.. ' was in a bad state, and must be repaired before of the village. I returned thauks through the chief, and invited the givers to come and see the we could continue our voyage. Was it not a wonderful anSwer to prayer? and don't yon think the Christian kindness of these people might be a lesson to many professing Christians at home? I was a little vexed with the very common look of the vessels of the sanctuary, and have promised to send them Communion cups from Scotland, much to their delight."

Being personally acquainted with the writer.

I can confidently commend this unexpected testi- mony to encourage and stimulate all friends and supporters of Foreign Missions to contribnte to the funds of the London Missionary Society, ihat commenced in Otaheite at the close of last century. G. D. CULLEN.

EDINBURGH, 16th March, 1889.

INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT.

CONDUCTED BY J. T. GRACEY, D. D.

Mr. Oust's" Notes." country, as a member of the Indian Civil Service, has been supplemented A CLERGYMAN who was a very by extensive travel in Turkey, Transbrilliant writer but not equally at- Caucasia, Syria~ Egypt, Tunisia, AItractive speaker, said to a brothel' gel'ia and Morocco. He has been for minister whose qualities were direct- many years associated with the conly the reverse of his own: "When trol of the British and Foreign Bible you write people go to sleep, and Society's interests and operations, when you speak they keep awake; as well as with those of the Church but when I speak they go to sleep, of England Missionary Society and and when I write they keep awake." other prominent and important evangelistic a~d learned associations. But if Mr. Robert N. Cust, of Lon- The Royal Asiatic Society designadon, speaks he is sure of a hearing, ted him as an Honorary Secretary. and if he writes he is sure of a He has contributed most valuable reading. He is entitled both to speak stores of knowledge on the languages and write on missionary topics. He of the East Indies, Africa, the Cauhas had to do with missionaries and casus and Oceanica, being the author missionary societies for> almost half of separate works on each of these, a century, and for over thirty years besides linguinistie and Ol'lental has made a close and careful study essays and other more popular topof missions and collateral subjects. ics. He has, besides, taken promi- A large personal acquaintance with nent part in the missionary discusthe people of India, gained during a quarter of a century's residence in the sions of the last quarter of a century, In his annual tours, made volun.- and is well and widely known as a tarily at his own charges, inconnea.

man of strong opinions, which he tion with the Bible Society's work, holds independently and champions he has visited many parts of Europe, fearlessly, according to others the Western Asia, and North Africa, right to exercise the same pdvi- except Tl'ipolitana. One year he lege!3. was in Norway discussing the Lapp We are favored with the second translation; the next year on the and enlarged edition of his valuable cataracts of the Nile, listening to contribution to missio)lary literature, men speaking in the language of which he has modestly entitled Nubians; then on the shores of the Notes on Missional'Y Subjects. The Caspian Sea, or the Sea of Galilee, volume consists of four parts, which or down III the Sahara of Algeria, or though published and procurable at Cape Spartel in Morocco.

separately, are here gathered in one Such a writer, were he far less large and comprehensive book. Part learned than our many-sided scholer I contains (1) Obsel'vations and Re- and literateur, would challenge at- flections on Missionary Societies,and tention; but when there is super- (2) Language Illustrated by. Bible' added a devout sympathy with the Translation. Part II treats of The progress of Christ's Kingdom in the GreatProblems Outside the Orbit of world, he commands it. He told the Pure Evangelistic Work, but which under-g-raduates of BaIliol College, the missionary has to face. Part III Oxford, in an address on "The Duty is devoted to the Relation of Mission- of the Youth of Great Britain," that aries to the Outer World. Part IV when, in 1838, he went to that col- is composed of missionary addresses lege, they knew as little about mis- delivered by the author under vari- sions as they did about Chinese mu- OilS circumstances, and what he sic. On repairing to Calcutta, styles " Pictures" and," Notices," through conversation with Bishop composed in omnibus and railway Wilson, he became interested in mis- trains or elsewhere, as reading, con- sions, and found "a new world"

versation ot' observation have sug- open to him, and missions have since gested the train of thought. They are been the" leading object of his very a layman's utterances on these great existence."

themes. Part V is to follow on " The But Mr. Cust pre-eminently de- ,Missions of the Romish Church." serves attention as one of the com- Mr. Cust's wide experience and ex- paratively few laymen of large abil- tended acquaintance in the depart- ity who have not only lent an ab- ments of geography, philology and sorbing attention to the subject, and ethnology, together with his promi- aided intelligently in missionary nent relation with practi'!al politics, counsels, but who have devoted have been all laid under contribution their enel'gies and literary skill to in the production of the several parts produce a literature on the subject.

of this volume; and the relation of It is surprising what stores of all these to missions has been con- knowledge and thought are gathered stantly present in' his thought dur- in this large and importantcontribu- ing all his life in the saddle, on the tion to curl'ent evangelistic litera- judge's bench, and in the student's ture. We are enthusiastic and ap- retreat; so that the consideration preciative to a degree which will of these themes is not something he scarcely be accredited to be sober, in has taken up, as he says, as the our estimation of this volume; and: "craze" of his "old age," but has yet, there al"e some whole chapters, been almost a life-long study. and plenty of paragraphs and sentences, which do not command our where after the festival is over, one judgment;' and there are manystate- might purchase hundreds ofcarcasses ments of facts from which we would of little pigs at a pice apiece. But dissent, and of opinions which we we do not wish to distract attention judgemustbe greatly modified before from the estimable qualities of this they can be accepted as the last or book by the correction of incidental even the best analysis of the subject statements, norby giving expression in hand. Some of the statements to any diversity of view on the subare, to om· personal knowledge, too jects treated which we, or others, to sweeping, both as to facts in India our knowledge, hold. and in Africa, while the ex cathedra This volume, as a contribution to manner in the utterances of opinions missionary criticism from one of the is not indicative of the essential mod- stoutestfriends and ablest champions estyand broad charity which really ofall evangelisticlabor,has a peculiar pervade the volume. The wisest value. It is a sad fact that the gencounsels are divided upon subjects eral church has not been until of late, on which Mr. Cust does not hesitate intelligently acquainted with the isto write, in the rhetoric at least, of sues and problems of practical workan ultimatum; and though large lib- ers enough to either pass judgment erty be conceded him as a "Christian upon their merits or become intereststatesman." there are other eminent ed in their presentation; and it has Christian statesmen, with long ex- only been when some secular or ecperience and careful judgment, who clesiastical adversary antagonized will differ from him as much as he them in press or on platform, that will from a multitude of missiona- they came to know of the existence ries, who he thinks take a less sym- of some of the most vital problems. pathetic view of human affairs than Friends and administrators of mis- the secular student does. But Mr. sions have discussed thf'se questions Cust does not expect uniform concur- too esoterically. But we hail the rence with his views; he distinctly day when friends and advocates are says so about some chapters of the to assnme the role of frank and book; and though he says all per- friendly critics; and, taken all in all, sons acquainted with the subject we do know not where we will find will agree with his views as express- a warmer friend and abler aU-round ed in "Islam," it is more than proba- critic of missionary matters than the ble that he overestimates the gen- honorable gentleman, the product eral unanimity even there. We do of whose pen has afforded us such not know, for instance, if we appre- great delight, and yet, from whom we hend him aright as meaning to say and so many others; we repeat, will that after li·ing with Mohammedans on so many points widely differ. in India for a quarter of a century, But there is so much that is valua- he never heard of their offering ani- ble in the book that .we must have mal sacrifices; but if so, it seems in- done with our dissertations about it, explicable to us. The "anachron- and regale our readers with some ism" to which he refers may be wit- extracts, though should we even se_ nessed at the Devi Pathan Mela, at lect the samples that tempt us, we Tulsipur, near Gondah, any year, would quote enough to fill a whole where the Hindoos sacrifice sheep and number of the REVIEW. goats; and close by a long line of Few persons appreciate the au- Mohammedans can be seen, each thor's reference to the variety of reo with a squealing, suckling pig under sponsibilities devolving on Mission his arm, waiting their turn to pre- Boards, which have to sent their animal sacrifice; and .. Discharge the duty of a Quarter-master General, the head of a great ~ommission, a. * * .. The last two decades have been ex- Boa.rd of Architects, Shipbuilders and Engineers, a Board of Finance, a Council of ceedingly propitious to the extension ofmis- Education. a Committee on Geographical sions ; the expansion has been marvellous, Exploration, a Superintendent of a Trans- but mnch of it imprudent. The next two IMing and Publishing firm, as well as other decades may prove periods of trial and peril secular duties." by the close of that period the Europea~ octopus will have closed over the continent He adds: of Africa as it has already over Oceanica. and America." .. I have been for more than forty years a witness and a studier of the conduct of hu- :Mr. Cust invites" dowlll'ight critiman affairs, bnt I never realized such puri- cism," he says, a.nd he will surely get tyof motive, such'simplicity of conduct, it sooner or later, though the high and on the whole, such practICal wisdom as respect in which he is held may deis found in such a body." ter some, and others will forbear lest the friends of missions be thus Mr. Cust thinks-and with the hIgh- apparently set over against each est esteem for the missionary force other, in the estimation of the of Great Britain and the eminent thoughtless and indifferent members qualities and immense labors of of the societies themselves, or be many of them, we yet, on the whole, flaunted as sectarians and dessenticoncur with his statement-that the ents by those downrightly antago- 'American churches send out their nistic to the cause. But like Calbest men" to foreign fields, while' vin's Institutes, Mr. Cust's "Notes" might take as their symbol a flaming "Great Britain keeps her best at sword. Missionaries may, themhome." But this must be taken in its selves, not concede the justness of broadest sense or we shall be asked the criticisms on their personal conto show who Great Britain's" best" duct toward the heathen, but they men are, with the record of Pat- will find no public test to exceed the teson, Hannington, Griffith John, high standard to which they hold Dr. Duff and othe1's before us. Still themselves as a class, to be amenawe appreciate Mr. Cust's compliment ble; and our autho1"S beautiful imi- -not to the missionaries, but to the tative extension of the XIth chapter of Hebrews will be as oil to the estimate put by American churches wounds made by Mr. Cust's free on foreign mission service, as de- lance. "By faith the United Mora- vian Brethren at Herrnbut, in Germanding the richest contribution of many, more than a century and a talent they can command. Mr. Cust half ago," &c. "By faith the London thinks missionary operations legiti- and Wesleyan Societies," &c. "By mate subjects of criticism. He says: faith Moffat's son-in-law Livingstone abandoned his home, his chapel ano '" We can no longer treat missionaryop- his school/' &c. " By faith Krapf and erations as above or below candid criticism Rebman sat year after year at the when t4ey are forced up<¥> tbe public notice watch tower of Mombasa, waiting till in the public papers, in Parliament,on plat- the day should dawn, calling to each forms and ,an abundant literature. Mis- other: Watchman, what of the sions like those of tbe Moravian Missionary night?" and thusonandon through a Society,or of the Americau Societies to their galaxy of heroes of whom time would indigenous wild tribes, might be conducted fail us even to mention the names for centuries without public notice: but selected by our author. It was with the evangelizing warfare all round Africa much sadness we read the almost pa- all over Oceanica, into the heart of India; thetic closing paragraph of the vol- China and Japan, by at least two thousand ume in which the author concludes: agents, at a cost exceeding two millions [pounds] annually, cannot escape notice." .' I have said my say. This is probably my '" '" It must needs be that mistskes-are made, but tl:ey need not be perpetuated.

'" * Hard words are often spoken against missions, and whole classes of the commu- nity, from deep prejudICe, hold back from their support. It is in their interest, their positive advantage, that the tendencies should be exposed, that the blots should be hit, and the dangers pointed out." ast contribution to missionary literature. self of the former, and the latter could be If I have written what is not true, let this of no use to him in the social circles of the paper be consigned to the fire. If there is leper colony. a scintilla of truth, think over it. It cannot now be said that we must travel onward, as "Father Damien had resided among tbe if in mist, and that, as nobody criticized lepers for sixteen years when death came to there wa.s no error." his relief, and be had seen the population of Molokai renew itself three times, as the Missions to Lepers. average duratiou of a leper's life is about se ..en years. Years ago he became affiictep THE death of the Roman Catholic with leprosy himself, and for a long time bepriest, Father Damien, popularly fore his death Was a painful sufferer from styled" The Apostle of the Lepers" the scourage. The latest letters from the and now" The Martyr of Molokai," leper colony stated that his health was so which occurred on April 10 last, at broken that h;s death was likely to occur at Kalawa, Hawaii, has called popular any time. Father Damien had for assisattention to a form of Christian tants two men as beroic as himself. One of heroism which may well be exalted these was an Irishman natned Walsh.· He in the public mind in an age quite was a mason by trade, and had been a soldier too justly characterized as supremely in the English army. Walsh reached Honoselfish. lulu III broken health and reduced circum- stances just at the time a supermtendent As the daily papers of the country was needed to keep the colony in order. He generally gave large space to the accepted the position with the result that facts of the self-surrender and self- he is a leper himself to-day and pining for immolation of this Romish priest, relief in death. Father Damien's other we will only give so much of the nar- helper was the Rev. M. COJlrardy, a Catholic rative as is essential to our general priest formerly connected with the Archditreatment of the theme in hand. The ocese of Oregon, who volUntarily went to account before us says Father Da- Molokai about two years ago to become mien was a native of BQlgium and Father Damien's assista.nt." was born in 1840. Mr. Ed ward Clifford, of England, .. He was ordained to the priesthood in writing of " Father" Da.mien during 186~, and SOOB. after went to the Sandwich a visit to this leper island, said: Islands as a missionary. About sixteen years ago the Catholic bishop of the islands "He is just what you would expect him to wanted a priest for duty at the leper set- be-a simple. sturdy. hard-working, devout tlement at Molokai, and Father Damien man. No job was too memal for him-bnildpromptly volunteered for the work. Both ing, carpentering, tending the sick, washing he and his bishop knew what the end would the dead, and manr other such things form be, but these heroic men did not hesitate- part of his daily work. He is always cheerthe one to give the order and the other to ful, often playful, and one of the most truly obey. Father Damien was landed at the humble men I ever saw. The leprosy has leper settlement on the ,eland of Molokai disfigured him a good deal, but I never feel and allowed to provide for himself as best he it anything but a pleasure to look at him." could. There appear to be a thousand or .. From the time of his taking up his resi- more lepers on the part of the island, dence among the lepers Father Damien had occupied by the leper settlement, so much to do in simplyatte.nding to the shut in from the other parts of the wants of dying people that he was unable to island by enormous cliffs, which renprovide shelter for himself for .. long time. Once placed on the island, he had to resign der it almost inaccessible from the his liberty. The sheriff had orders to arrest land side. This touching story and him if he crossed to any of the neighboring the pitiable condition of this portion island.. He became physician and teacher as well as priest, the children born of lepers of the human race, deserves more depending on him for all the education they than a passing glance of the curious could expect to receive. Kiug Kalakaua or sigh from the sympathetic. When soon learned to admire the martyr priest, we learn that there are 40,000 idiots and a rew years ago bestowed on him the in the United States, the first quesprivileges of the medical inspector at!d the tion that occurs is why they should decoration of Knight Commander of the not all be chloroformed out of exist- Order of Kalakaua I. He did not avail bim- ence. What is it that makes that sort of life and life of every sort sacred, when it.cannot be seen to be valuable to it!! possessor or to man- they congregate oCten in latoge numkind? When we learn that in India bers. alone there are half a million of our fellows who are lepers, with no hope The disease may begin anywhere of recovery, deformed and decaying on the body, or at more than one before they are in the grave, suffer- place at the same time, and then, ing a living death, the first thought loathsome, painful and offensive, it again is, why is it any mercy or duty progresses till it reaches some vital to prolong their existence? As Chris- part, and the wretched subject is retianity throws the halo of sacredness lieved. When it commences at the over this wretched and ghastly mock- extremities the first joints of the eryof life, it is not far to see why it fingers, or toes as it may be, fall off should be held responsible for the and then the next joints part, and so amelioration of the condition of on till you see them in all shapes those who carry about this body of from this horrible disease. It is too death. revolting-this rotting alive-to jus- tify more minute description. Leprosy as a disease is in all its varieties in all lands and in all ages, We turn rather to note what the the most repulsive, protracted and kindliness of Christian charity has painful of human maladies. It is attempted in the way of relief to this scrofulous in its character and is helpless, hopeless and suffering portransmitted from parents to children, tion of the human family-vexed and though the offspring of lep~rs with the unsolved problem, Who may be apparently free from the did sin? they or their parents, that taint for many years after birth, the they were born thus? which presses disease is sure to develop sooner or npon them and upon othel·s. We later. Whether leprosy is contagious, cannot attempt any comprehensive and if so, whether alone by contact, summary of the ope:"ations of the are questions about which there is Christian chul"ch to afford relief to considerable diversity of opinion, yet these sufferers. We take from what in all countries contact with lepers is is at hand a few facts sufficient to avoided. After the disease is devel- show that Protestants have been oped so as to render its character active in this department of eleemosmanifest, the subject of it is removed ynary labor in several quarters of from social life and obliged to dwell the globe, as Father Damien and his apart from the community. Though associates were in Hawaii. In 1823, at all stages of the disease they are owing to a request of the Governnot unable to work, yet, except as ment, Hemel-en-Aarde, a leper hoscared for by Christian charity, all pital in South Africa, became a mislepers, so far as the writer knows, sion station of the Moravians. i'his lead a pauper life. They become in was removed to Robben Island in various parts of India quite a commu- 1846 and placed in the charge of the nity and beg in groups. They resort church of England in 1867. Rev. Dr. Augustus Thompson, writing of to places most frequented that they this mission, says: "A less inviting may appeal to the benevolence of the field can hardly be imagined than this refuge of wasting sufferers, and mere passers-by by the exposure of their relics of humanity-deformed, cripdisgusting sores or helpless deform- pled and loathsome beyond expresity. They build for themselves some sion. For simple garden operations flimsy shelter by the roadside in In- one patient would supplement andia, whence they make their exit to other. A man who had no hands petition for the inevitable "bak- might be seen carrying on his back sheesh." Along the trunk roads, another who had lost his feet, but at the ferries, near holy places, who could drop seeds into the ground wOl'k among the lepers at qmb~l)a, with the member which was want- in the Punjab, where their last ing to his fellow, sufferer. report mentions the bapti5m of fif- The institution has a large space of tt-en of this class of pE'rsons. The gl'Ound enclosed with a high wall, and only one entrance, which was accomplished Dr. John Newton, .Tt-., strictly guarded. The leper who entered that gate might never return." labored among these poor sufferers Mr. Thompson says the mistake has for years and wrote a work on leprosy gone abroad that the missionaries which was published in England. who went into this leper enclosure His estimable wife, Mrs. Sarah Wigwere never allowed egress; that he fall Newton, conducted this work for went in there, as Father Damien did a season after her husband.'s death. to the island of Molokai, but this he contradicts positively. But there was At the time when the Moravians still quite sufficient self-denial re- handed over their leper work at Cape quired in the service rendered to these Town, South Africa, in 1867, the poor sufferers. Lord opened to them a' similar work The London Missionary Society has long conducted a leper asylum in in the Leper Home at JerusaJem. the Himalaya Mountains at Almora. which was founded by a Christian which we believe has usually about baroness. Froln its commencement 150, though at times we think as the missionaries for the hospital many as 300 inmates. These are not have been supplied by the Moravian necessarily restrained within the en- Church, and in 1880 they assumed its closure. They also marry and are directiol'l. In 1887 they erected a new gi"en in marriage among themselves. building, which accommodates about A little farther east, at Pithoragarh, twenty-five patients. is another asylum for lepers in charge of Methodist Episcopal missionaries In 1875 an independent societ.y was from the United States. Here an es- organizcd in England, styled "Mistimable Methodist brother, Rev. M. sions to Lepers in India," which B. Kirk, of Ohio, who was educated seeks to alleviate their sufferings by in Mount Union College, for some medical aid. It is at pl'esent carrying months before his death waited on on work at eighteen different centers these wretched sufferers. However and in connection with eight differloathsome their condition, that de- ent missionary societies. It seeks to voted servant of the Lord never utilize asylums already established shrank from ministering often per- and aid them with mean!:' to carryon sonally to their wants. It was while their work. It makes grants of money , collecting funds for a chapel for these for new asylums, and in some cases lepers that he was suddenly called to provldes entirely for the support of his reward. The chapel has since lepers. Mr. W. C. Bailey, a misbeen completed as a memorial of this sionary of the Church of Scotland, devoted servant of God, and on the was the founder of this organization. opening day, after the service, twelve It is at present carrying on work at lepers were baptized, thus raising the Kashmir, Rawal Pindee, Chamba, number of Christians in this institu- Sabathu, Dehra, Rurki, Almorah, tion to slxteen; and a new building Pithora, A~lahabad, Calcutta, and was ordered to accommodate twenty- other places and aids the American five more inmates. Presbyterian and Methodistmissiona- ries, and three of the principal mis- The American PresbytE'rmn Mis- sional'y sociE'ties of Great Britain, as sion has for many years QQl,lducted well as Gossner's Independent Mis- sion.

It must be gratifying to friends supporting this work that it is not only l!eIeVQ!ent, but evangelistic. The record of the Christian experi- with nine evangelic"l churches: Presbyterians, ence of many of these sufferers is two branches of Methodists, and Baptists. most affecting. Not all, but many of these who seem ." baptized unto Denominational lines bad been drawn rather death," enter bto most gracious closely about these churches.. They met one Christian life. One man in India, anothsr at union meetings once a year, on the being pitied on account of the loss of afternoons of the" Week of Prayer," but be- his eyes, said; "I have lost my eyes, yond that hardly knew one another in any way. but with the eye of faIth I have seen Probably it was noc realized that Christian the Lord Jesus, and shall soon go to union was really under discussion in the minis- Him." The testimony from South ter's meeting in the form of a proposal to invite Africa is similar; "Amongst the a pandenominational body of missionaries to poor suffp.rers in that lazar-house," work their will upon the city for a week. But writes one of the missionaries, they determined to invite the International Mis- "there are many dear souls who re- sionary Union to their city. A representative joice in the Lord their God and the meeting of the churches-a remarkable novelty assurance of a better world, and re- -was called, and proved of the same mind with lyingon their Saviour's merits watch the ministers; and in the preparations which their diseased tabernacles falling to all the churches shared together, there began to pieces in the hope of soon being with be the dawn ofa better day. Him in glory. It makes one Hhudder to visit the patients in their dwell- Contemporaneously with this undertaking, ings, such pitiable objects do they the pastors asked all the churches to unite in a present, and so offensi ve is the efflu- complete visitation Of the city for evangelizing via j yet when you enter into con- purposes, and obtained from them all a body of versation with them on the concern visitors, four to each hundred of each church. of their souls and find these poor As might be supposed, the public interest in cripples full of faith and joyful COI1- missions had not been on a much higher plane fidence in the Saviour's merits, it than that in Christian union. The invitation to makes you feel ashamed of your the missionaries was favored, perhaps as much . fastidiousness, for they exhibit only yom other considerations as from love for ' too often in their helplessness and Foreign Missions. And when the International .hopelessness the fun measure of that Union arrived, forty-five strong, the city was at other more dire leprosy of sin. They first disposed to feed them and sleep them cour- are often as repulsive morally as teously, and leave them to carryon their own physically. They need cleansing in meetings by themselves. the blood of Christ." But gradually the spiritthat animates mission- That this is a direct work of grace aries of thc Uross bAgan to make its impression. and of change of heart is abundantly People who dropped in at their meetings were proven by the testimony as to the greatly surprised at their earnestness. It so selfish sordidness and innate deprav- happened that the Union came at the hottest ity which so manifest themselves in time of the summer, and when the native mos- those not the subjects of these gra- quitoes were masters of the town; but people cious influence. who looked in found the missionaries so busy at their conferences, that they sounded their The International Missionary Union praises abroad. "These men and women," they said, "have not come here for a holiday; and the Revival at Bridgeton, N. J. they are doing good hard work studying the questions which concern them." The Upion be- REV. WILLIAM H. BELDElif, A. M. gan its sessions on Thursday, July 5; by Monday evening they began to be crowded, and from that BRIDGETON, New Jersey, was the first place time until adjournment on the 12th missions be- not a summer resort, which invited and enter- came the theme of the town. Tuesday evening tained the International Missionary Union. Re- was occupied by J. Hudsou Taylor, founder of snits can be traced from that meeting, among the Chiua Inland Mission, and Wednesday by the most recent of which has be~n a revival of Cyrus Hamlin, founder of Robert College of religion affecting the whole community. Bridge- Constantinople. The impression made by these ton is a mauufacturing cit;v 9f 12?OO(lj~h!lbitants, two mighty men of God, exceedingly different, but one in testimony to the power of God as dis- played in the missionary work, will never be forgotten in Bridgeton. They lifted Foreign Missions from being a H cause" to receive un- willing pennies or dollars, to a living and boly reality endeared to the hearts of awakeuing Christians. Not, of course, that all needed this advance, but as a change of the general public mind on this great theme, the International Mis-

1889.] THE MONTHLY CONCERT OF MISSIONS

sionary Union bad its way witb tbe town. A affections and convictions, that when a8 Presinumber of young persons consecrated tbeir dent of onr Ministers' Association I' had to lives to tbe missionary work. New missionary make the parting address to Mr. Mills, my felsocieties began to be formed; and in tbe old low-pastors, with remarkable agreement, reones the subJect took thence forward a 'real quired me to include in my acknowledgement aspect nnknown before. of the divine work among us some careful refer- ence to the infiuence of the visit here In 1~88 of So spiritual an effect did not, naturally, stop the International Missionary Union. witb the revival of missions. The cburcbes bad enjoyed their work in commo)! of entertaining THE SIXTH AN,mAL SESSION OF THE INTERthe Union. The Ministers' Association had become a recognized and trusted organization. NATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION, as we have al- Plans for furtber work in common were ready announced. will be held in Binghampton, broacbed. The "Week of Prayer" found tbe N. Y.. July 5-12. The prosPect is ofa meeting of cburches in new sympathy with one another; great interest_ Important papers have already never before was there such a "Week" in been received from the outlook Committee in Bridgeton. At last the suggestionstook.hape; foreign parts. to invite Rev_B. Fay Mills, the evangelist. His first demand, of absolute fellowship of all the On the last day of the meeting special attenevangelical churches of the city, could not have tion will be given to aiding missionary candibeen complied with before those blessed days dates appointees and others inquiring as to of the Missionary Union; but now tbey could their duty regarding personal service abroad. and they were, and be came. Mr. Wilder, wbo has so successfuliy with others stirred the students of the country in this mat- We have just risen from bis two weeks visit. ter, will be present, and veteran missionaries of Six hundred persons bave signed his cards, say- almost all fields and churches will be there, with ing: .. I desire bencefortb to lead It Christian whom these persons can take council. Nothing life." The cburcbes bave called themselves for could be better for persons seeking light on this many weeks" The united cburches of Bridge- line of personal duty, than to spend the week ton;" and are studying now how to perpetuate with this noble band of returned missionaries, their harmony. Some of tbem bad been t""ns- and listen to their discussions of practical matformed from a conservatism wbich was threat- ters. ening their spiritual existence into a practical piety which is the wonder of tbe town. The Railroad certificates can be bought of any whole city has been shaken with· the power of ticket agent at point of starting on paying full the Holy Ghost, as it never was befor~. fare, and when countersigned by· secretary of the meeting the return ticket will be one·third It is a significant testimony to its place in our the usual mre. Tickets procurable on the 3d, and good tilIthe 14th of July.

V.-THE MONTHLY CONCERT OF MISSIONS.

BY ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D. D.

SUBJECTS for July: Islands of ea, in the Hawaiian group. This the Sea, Java, Greenland, Utah, crater is three miles in diameter, a Alaska, North American Indians level bottom with three cones rising and the Chinese and Japanese in from its center hundreds of feet high, America. and onl) of which, hom its ceaseless Java, which we select for this activity, is called Brahrna.

number, is the third island in area Though a Dutch colony, two native and first in importance of the Malay kingdoms were suffered to retain a archipelago, 666 miles long and from nominal existence under Dutch offi- 36 to 126 miles broad, with 50,000 cials, namely the dominions of the square miles of surface and a coast Senaan or Emperor of Surakarta and line of 1,400. It is shaped like Cuba the Sultan of Jokjokarta. The rest and about as large. The geological of the island is split up into twenty formation is highly volcanic, a range residences or provinces, ruled by of mountains traversing the central Dutch residents, six of which belong line from end to end with peaks to the country of the Sundese and reaching from 4,000 to 12,000 feet. the rest to that of the Javanese, the The most remarkable of these is Mt. two distinct nations comprised in the Yenger, whose crater is 1,000 feet be- native population. The Sundese hold low its summit and the most remark- the west end, are inferior both in able in the globe, except only Kilau- numbel' and civilization to the J avanese and speak a distinct language, ninth or tenth centul"y when the but both nations are Malayan. , They are docile and peaceable, so- J ains had ascendancy in Guzerat ·and ber and industrious. Crawfurd pronounced them the most straightfor- westel'll parts of India. ., ward and truthful of all Asiatic people. Java is densely populated, hav- In some respects Javanese civilizaing about 18,000,000 of people, and Buddhism still sways multitudes of tion is an advance upon that of Brit- Javanese. In the central district this story is told on stone: The famous ish Ind~a. The Dutch rule here dates ruins of Borobodo, or Bol'o Buddor, are among the most imposing re- from 1623, with five years interrupmains of religious structures. A pile of masonry, pyramidal in form, 525 tion. Batavia,on the northwest coast, feet squat'e, nine stories h;gh in the center, is covered with figures of is the capital and commercial depot, Buddha. To descdbe this extraordinary group of buildings, the temples with over 100;000 inhabitants. Moof Bramb~nam, mO'e exactly: the great temple is a square building 45 hammedanism is mixed up with feet square, 75 feet high, terminating upwards in an octagonal, straight- Buddhism and heathenism as the relined pyramid. On each face of this is a smaller temple of similar dimen- ligion of the island. Annually the sions, joined to it by corridors. The whole five thus constitute a cruci- natives go in crowds with priests up form building raised on a square base very elaborately ornamented. One the Bromok volcano to propitiate of the minor temples serves as a pOI'ch. Two hundred and thirty-nine with offerings the Fire Spirit. Cocoasmaller tempIes surround this central shrine. Twenty-eight of these stand nn ts, pineapples, rice, cakes, fruit, just beyond the square terrace of the central fane, eight of course standing coins, are cast into the crater. This on each side of the square, and each corner one counting for two sides; ceremony has probably been sugbeyond these 35 feet off comes a second square or court with 44, 12 on gested by the ten"Hic and fatal vola side; then comes a space 80 feet wide, with 6 more temples; then two canic outbreaks that have abounded. more rows o( temples, standing close, Java has near Batour a VaUey of back to back, 160 in numbel', forming another square, each face of which Death, of an oval shape and half a measures 525 feet. All thes~ 239 temples are similar, the lesser ones mile in circuit, in which the exhala- 12 feet square at base and 22 feet high, all richly sculptured and each tions of carbonic acid gas make imhaving a small square cell, within which originally was a cross-legged possible plant or animal life. It also figure of a Jaina saint or Buddhist image. The date assigned to these has its Poison Tree (antiaris macro- most remarkable monuments is the phylla), an ornament to the woods, but from the bark of which flow poison juices.

The Evangelical Mission in Java is in a very destitute condition. There are at most only about 4,GOO Chris- tians, a fact whIch reflects no glory on the Dutch rule and the Christi- anityof the Netherlands. The few luminous points in the meagre mis- sion history of Java, says Dr. 'War- neck, are the Watchmaker Emde in Surabaya, the Missionary J.ellesma, the newly-founded and nationally- aided institute at Depok, an " Oasis in the Desert," and the work of the Nethedands Missionary Society of Rotterdam among the Soudanese.

NEW GUINEA.

S. McFarlane, LL.D., has recently published a story of missionary labol's " Among the Canm'bals of New Gui- nea." It is published by the London Missionary Society. We advise any one who wishes to know what are both the difficulties and the triumphs

1889·1 THE lloN'lHLY OOlWER'l' Oli'1.USSIONS

— ofmissIDn,ary life among the worst eluding the immediate~y adjoining savages to read this book. We give islands, of 311,958 square miles. Con~ space to a brief resume of its· con- sequently its at'ea is about the same tents: as the united area of the Britisn Mr. MacFarlane first had experi- Islands with France, or the British ence of savage life on Lifa, a charm- Islands, Italy, Turkey in Europe and ing South Sea island. Greece. And this vast region has to Three months after his arrival, in be won to Christ and to humanity.

1859, he could preach to the people in What an object of holy ambition I their own tongue. The first years' of If the Christians of the nin~teenth danger, toil and loneliness were also century rose to a perception of .their years of great blessing, useful expe- duty they would follow the example rience and encouragement. Before of the Christians of the first, and he left, at the end of twelve years, count nothing that they possess their "a marvellous change had taken own if only they might acquire the place Il'om idolatry, cannibalism and glory of gathering the outcasts of constant wars to the worship of the New Guinea into the church of the true God, peaceful industry and a living God.

growing education. Schools and In their mission in New Guinea.

churches established throughout the they had to contend with difficulties island, and the New Testament and quite peculiar to the place; to sail in Psalms translated; the teachers' unknown and dangerous waters in seminary in good working order, order to reach the natives; to con- supplying native teachers and pas- tend with savages and cannibals, tors and pioneer evangelists; Euro- who regard strangers generally as pean stores established in different enemies to be killed, cooked and parts of the island, and the people eaten; to pass through sickly swamps not only paying for their books and and be exposed to deadly fevers in providing for their pastors, but also planting and superintending mission making a very handsome contribu- stations; to reduce the languages to tion to the London Missionary Soci- writing and translate portions of the ety to help to send the gospel to the Scl'iptures, school-books and hymn- heathen beyond." books into them; to battle with the In 1870 Mr. MacFarlane began a evil influences of abandoned sailors; mission in New Guinea, "largest, to guide the natives in making and darkest and most neglected island in administering laws, in developing the world." He laid the matter be- the resources of their country, in fore the students, native pastors and building houses, making roads, and, churches of Lira, and asked for vol- in fact, in everything connected with· unteers, giving them to understand their material as well as their spirit- the dangerous character of the ual progress. They opened up about climate and the savages. Every na- six hundred miles of coast line, tive pastor in the island and student gained the confidence of the natives in the seminary offered himself for and established sixty mission stations the' work! Four pastors and four along the coast. They formed six students were selected, and in July, churches, which contain an aggl'e- 1871, the party started for that great gate of between six and seven hun- land of cannibals. dred members, I'educed six of the New Guinea is larger than any languages or dialects to writing, and country III Europe except Russia. It translated portions of the New Tes- is 1,500 miles long and from 30 to tament, a school-book, catechism nearly 500 miles wide, containing an and hymn-book into each. They area of 303,241 square miles, or, in- have two institutions at work for the training of native pioneer evangelists ture's children the comforts and the and pastors: the Papuan Institute at decencies of humanized life, ex- Murray Island, in Papuan Gulf, con- claimed: "Oh, ye orators and phi- taining over fifty students; and the losophers who make the civilization institute at Port Moresby, containing of the species your dream, look to ten or twelve. Twenty-five have been Christian missionaries if you want to sent out from the former and eight see the men who will realize it! You from the latter as native pioneer may deck the theme with the praises teachers, and are located at stations of your unsubstantial eloquence; but in the interior, on the coast and on these are the men who are to accom- islands off the coast, and are doing plish the business! They are now excellent Christian work amongst risking every earthly comfort of ex- the people with whom, in many in- istence in the cause, while you sit in stances, their fathers used to fight, silken security and pour upon their As an illustra,tion of the change holy undertaking the cruelty of your from cannibalism to Christianity, scorn." These words were spoken in compare father and son in the fol- what seems a past age, the age when lowing passage: "The old chief the highest organs of literature Mamo was our friend all along, al- treated missionaries and their work though he had a weakn{'ss for cutting with contempt. The more than seven off the heads of his enemies, and de- decades that have passed since then clined to embrace Christianity' be- should satisfy the most rigid experI- cause its pr{'cepts forbade him this mental philosopher that the words of pleasure. The last time I saw him the preacher were words of tru th and (he died two or three years ago) he sobemess, and that the only power was sitting, as usual, cross-legged on that will redeem degraded nations is a mat in front of his house waiting the power of the gospel of Jesus to receive us, and looking as dirty Christ.

and as ugly, and as great a'savage, "There is a change seen even in as when I first saw him thirteen the appearance of all the natives of years before. He was getting too old New Guinea. They were a wild can- to pursue his favorite sport, skull- niballot a few years ago. One of the hunting. His son and successor is a natives spokea little English. Peat'se fine, tall, powerful man, who at- asked them if they eat man, and was tached himself to the teachers from answered, 'No. No eat man now; the first, and by whom he was edu- all follow missionary now.' In the cated. He has been for many years evening, at seven, a bell rang, and an earnest Christian and indefatiga. soon hymn-singing was heard; they ble local preacher." May we not say, were having evening prayers. You look on that picture and on this-the cannot realize it-savages, cannibals, savage cannibal skull-hunter, and the murderers-now seeking to worship loving, kind-hearted Christian, who God. It was strangely pleasing to is indefatigable in his labors to save hear an old hymn tune in such a both body and soul. Hear this, ye place," A New Guinean, preaching, who prate about the service of man 'I said: "The time has come for us to Where are Yl1ur missionaries ? Where be up and doing. Foreigners have are the savages converted into men brought us the gospel, many have and brothers of whom you can say, died of fever, several have been " These are our epistles"? Echo an- speared and tomahawked; now let swers, Where? us carry the gospel to other districts, Dr. Thomas Chalmers in 1812, after and if we die 'tiS well, for we die in describing the missionaries as ex- yhrist ; if we are murdered, 'tis well- tending among the wildest of na- 'ms carrying His name and love, and 'twill be for Him. Motu, let us do and sacl'ificed thousands of lives, it I" "He knows only a 'little, so Canada, with a larger proportion of vel'y little; yet he loves, and he is Indian population, has not spent a , willing to endure for Chl'ist. I saved dollar on such wars nor suffered that lad a few years ago from being from one such massac!'':l.

attacked, perhaps murdered, by his It is commonly supposed that the own people. Did I LeU you at Vab- Indians are rapidly disappeal'lng and ukori, neal' here, there are forty- almost extinct. This is a. great mis- three catechumens, and at Tuyuselei take. The total number was estimated fifty-six? The prayer of faith is be- by Schoolcraft in 1855 at 350,000. In ing answered. The greatest power Mexico there are at least 4.000,000, in of the mission-house is that monthly Central America 1,5@0,000, and in prayer-meeting. " South America 7,000,000.

NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS. The Puget Sound Indians have no THE question of the N. A. Indians literature. Hieroglyphic emblems and is too big to discuss in this limited signs and pictures take the place of space. Our Indian record is not an books. But, the exigencies of kade honor to us as a nation. Our gov- have created a sort of commercial ernment has made hundreds of trea- dialect, which, after a century, has ties with the redman, and seldom if largely displaced the many Indian eve~ kept them. Bishop Whipple dialects aB a vehicle of communica- asked scores of brave officel's if they tion. With only about 450 words in knew of one instance in which Indi- its vocabulary, it is capable, by into- ans were the first to break these nation and vocal inflection, of a wide treaties, and they Il.nswered, in every range of expression, and can be used case, "No." to impart gospel truth.

In 1828 we solemnly guaranteed to No more remarkable work has ever the Cherokees their lands forever. been done among any people than by Ten year later, at the request of Wm. Duncan in his Metlakhatla, Georgia, 18,000 of them were dl'iven the story of which has been so well from their homes and tilled lands told by Mr. Wellcome.

into an unknown wilderness. In Who in the United States shall an- 1876,700 Poncas were similarly robbed swer before God for the sad fact, that and exiled. In 1878 a remnant of in this second century of the life of the Cheyennes, driven to a new this mighty Republic there are still home, were compelled to attempt to 200,000 Indians unchristianized with- return, to avoid starvation, and were in its borders I It is stated that there pursued, captured, and imprisoned, are only eighty-one missionaries at until the chief and his wife escaped work among 184,000 Indians, or one tortnre by snicide. Foul' times in a miSSionary to 2,000 Indians; "17,000 century the Stockbridges and Dela- Navajoes whom Christianity has not wares have suffered the horrors of touched; 5,000 Apaches in Arizona "removaL" absolutely destitute' of Christian The manner in which we have, as light; 17,000 Indians in Washington a nation, paid our Indian debts, the Tel'ritory still heathen." In our In- violation of our express pledges, the dian Territory murder and crime 'are provocation of Indian wars, the mas- rampant, anditis impossible to obtain sacres to which our unfaithfulness justice, owing not only to wickedness a,nd injustice and cruelty have been of government officials, but to the the incitements, all these have come drunkenness and lawlessness of the up for a memorial before 9-od to call Indians. Driven from home by land- down His wrath. While 'Ye have grabbers, they are the victims of the spent $500,000,000 upon Indian wal'S, very officials to whom they look: tor protection, whose character is so vi- says Mr. Egerton Young, missionary orthe Cancious that the Indians say: "If this ada Methodist Church there, .. a number· of Inis civilization and Christianity we do dians came into my room, noiselessly, aCter their not want them." In the southwest- fashion, so that the room was filled with them before I knew it. When I became aware of ern part of Indian Territory is a their presence I asked whence they were.

much more neglected tribe, number- • From a journey of fourteen nights,' they reing about 1900, living in teepees and plied; for they reckon distance by the number tents. They have had the worst of of nights they are delayed to sleep. • We have got the Kessenaychen (the Great Book), but we agents since the administrations of don't understand it, although we can read it.' I Grant and Hayes, whose bad exam- thought they were joking, for the Indians canple has done much to debauch and not read unless some one has taught them, and discourage them. One of these a- I knew from their accoont they must live far away from any missionary, but I asked them: gents is said to have stolen $14,000 'From what missionary did you learn f' • We from these Kiowas and Comanches. never saw a missionary nor a teacher.' I took There is a government school, to down from my shelf our Bible, printed in the beautiful syllabic character for the Cree lanwhich only about fifty Kiowa chil- guage, and opened to Genesis; they read it with dren are admitted, when there· are ease and corr~ctness. I turned the pages and nearly 400 anxious to be educated. they read in many places. I was amazed, and asked them again where they lived. They de· '·The Kiowa,s are eager to lea.rn agricul- scribed it to me; it was far away, north of tural arts aud housekeeping. aud some have Hodson's Bay, hundreds of miles from any mis· taken up land and are trying to improve sionary. Their honting-gronnds, it seems, adtheir methods of tilling it. One woman join those ofsome Christian Indians-they cover about fifty years of age. visited a returned great distances in huuting-and, continued my student of the Carlisle school and saw the visitors, •We vislte~ your Indians and found famliy hving in a house with land and us- that they had the K688enaychen. We got them ing agrICultural implements and living a to read it and then to teach it to us ; and we CIvilized life. She returned home. sold two were so pleased with it that we all learned to horses and a mule. bought a set of harness. read it during the Winter.' Every soul in a a plow. hoes. several thousand feet of wire village of three hundred population had thus fence, and went to work with her two actually learned to read the Bible without ever daughters. They went into the woods, cut having seen auy white teacher; and having rails, and fenced in fifteen acres, not know- providentially come into possession of some ing the use of the wire which they had pur- copies that happened to be in the hands of the chased; neither did they know the use of Hudsou'~ Bay Company's agent, these heathen the tools after obtaining them, but they put Indians had journeyed through the snows fourup a log cabin and raised a fine crop of po- teen nights' distance that to them might be tatoes and melons. While the woman was given instruction in the Book they had thus a.t work a rough man from the Texas border learned to love." was riding by and sa.w her, He dismounted and asked her what she was doiug, and Ohinese in America. hearing of her ambitions, showed her the use of the harness and plough, and from The new Chinese temple, the second Chinese that time she has steadily improved in cir- place of worship in America, was dedicated in cumstances and surroundings." Mr. Her- New York, January 7, and Joss duly installed bert Welch says: .. The two wants of the in his new quarters. The unique dedicatory Indians are tools alld schools.•, services were conducted by the Chairman of the Among the Indians, as among the Chinese Mnnicipal CounCil, acting High Priest ·Africans, the rum traffic has intro- of Joss. Woug Siu Nam and Ah Hi, both being duced evils that actually more than well·to-do merchants of Mott street, and acting as assistant priests. and the Chinese Council, in overbalance aU that thus far Chris- full Mandarin costume, attended. Among the tianity has accomplished for their curious proceedings were the carrying of a big good. The New York TribuniJ, re- roasted pig, painted and decorated, and many ferring to the illegally licensed liquor chickens, pigeons. cakes, etc., to Joss.

A Chinese gambling room was lately raided shops of Alaska, says: by the police. The Chinese when brought be- "The result of the immunity to these grog fore the poliee eourt contended that they were shops is s great spread of immorality among but imitators of the best American society in the natives who will sell their offspring or the National Capital. The keeper of the room, wives for whiskey." Kwong Chong Lee, said he had heard of the "At Norway House, on a certain occasion," clubs incorporated by " the Mellcan man," who

1889·1 ];:i)I'f'OIUAL

can play poker and not be molested, and, ac- the children. The preachllr on the Sahllath cording to his statement, the "Celestials' Pleas- afternoon will often consecrate the elements- . ure Club" meets at .the house raided. He they administer the sacrament every Sabbathshowed Policeman Costello a book in which then preach a sermon, retiring immediately were written the names of the officers of the afterwllrd to bet on a horse race that takes club. The incorporation purported to have place the same afternoon. Last :week I heard been sworn to before Justice Clark. The Chi- one of the elders say in the pulpit, at one of their nese on their arrival at the police station were conferences, that he would as soon have his taken into the sitting room to the rear of the children read Dickens's works as the Bible. office, where there was a pack of cards on the table. Some of them evidently thought they The missionaries sent into" the world" to ' had struck another Chinese joint, fOt' one ofthem preach" the gospel" are often renegades ofthe picked npthe cards and started a game of poker, wildest nature and lowest character, who are but the police interfered before much progress sent ont to see the world. I know of several was made iu the game. A curious commentary young fellows of the higher classes, however, is all this on morals among certain Americans. who were sent" on missions" to Europe sim- ply to procure better edncations. One of them, Morman Morality. The term morality as the son of an nnderground apostle, did the Holy known among the Christians of the world, is an Land in that way; while another, the son of a nnknown term among the Latter Day Saints- German professor, simply went as a guide Mormons. Upon becoming a Mormon no one is through Switzerland for a party of Salt Lake required to lay aside his cupidity, evil heart, young blood. From a town to Southern Utah foul month or beer bottle. A Latter Day Saint there w,ent in 1886 a young man to Nebraska on is not known from other men by the testimony a missiou. He is one of the most notorious of a spotless life. Many a father sits down to gamblers in the whole country, and the night the dtnner table, asks a blessing, and before the before he left lie won a team of horses and a meal Is over is cursing and sweartng at one of wagon at the gambling table. Of such is the kingdom of the Mormons.

VI.-EDITORIAL NOTES ON CURRENT TOPICS.

Strange Doctrine. judged fairly in isolation from their surroundings. The text is often ex- .. Da. PIERSON is reported as saying' I be- plained by the context. but above all lieve that, all the time. men and women are by the drift and tenor of a man's going up to heaven from heathen lands, who whole book of life and testimony. never heard of Christ.' Such a hope would Whatevertruth lies back of the above afford as grateful exhilaration to old mis- professed" quotation" is connected sionaries, whose work is almost done, as to with the teaching of a class in the Y. Dr. pierson-if it can be shown to rest upon M. C. A. Hall of Philadelphia, where a solid foundation. •Take the case of Cor- on Saturday at 4 P. M. from 500 to nelius,' says Dr. Pierson. 'He was a, 1,200 of the most earnest and evanheathen; he had not heard of Christ; and gelical Sunday-school teachers and yet his prayers and his alms came up before adult disciples of the city gather. God. Do you believe that Cornelius would And it may be sufficient to say that have been lost if he had died before he saw whatever was said by the writer, Peter?' I have been face to face with the who has the honorto lead the studies races of Bui-ma for thirty-five years, and of that great class, it awakened no have not yet fonnd a Cornelius, nor have I murmur of disapprobation. So met or heard of a missionary who has found much for the orthodoxy of the a Cornelius among any af the heathen races teacher and of the class. of Asia. It is true that I have found some,· to my great joy, who somewhat resembled But as to the sentiment itself. We Cornelius; but it was soon found in every were studying Matthew xxv. and case that the person had read and pondered the last judgment. The question a ChristIan tract, or a portion of God's arose as to the grounds of final conword." demnation. And one of the princi- ples affirmed from Scripture was that Such paragraphs as this have been no man is held accountable except flying about in the newspapers. We for the light he has. And again, do not often consider it worth while that if the measure of knowledge to chase up our" good name," be- lieving that a reputation which needs much looking after is. not worth looking after-no man's utterances, whether of tongue 01' pen, can be

NOTES

given him is improved, he will not found in the depths of the jungle be condemned. ,Those principles we who had fur years been living in a regard as self-convincing, like axi- state of discontent with his own oms. There is no question in our ancestral faIth, and had been led in mind as to the condemnation of the a strange way to trust to some other heathen world. The first chapter of plan of salvation, of which till then Romans settles that. But it settles he had never had distinct informa- also the grounds of their being tion. Dr. Nevius of Chefoo has just "without excuse." "They held written of Yang-yin-shin, whom he down the truth in unrighteousness," met in a market town of China, and "they did not like to retain God in who, as soon as he heard the gospel their knowledge," " when they said, "This is the very truth Iwant, knew God they glorified Him not as this is what I have been waiting for God." for twenty years. I have been earn- estly seeking for light and guidance, Now it follows from the same inex- but without success. This is the orable Logicthatif a heathen man does very truth that meets and supplies use thelightandknowledgegiven him my want." And his embrace of the hewillnotbejudgedguilty. Weven- tru1tl was immediate. He proved tured to say to those teachers, that If himself one of God's elect by the God saw any man in a pagan land avidity with which he immediately . honestly endea..voring to live up to welcomed redemptive truth. the light he had, he would if neces- sary send to that man an angel as he Now, we have no sympathy with did to Cornelius. We did affirm that universalism, restorationism, second it was not conceivable that if Cor- probation, post-mortem opportunity, nelius had died before Peter reached preaching to spirits in prison, or any him, he whose "prayers and alms other of the hundred modern extra- came up before God" with accept- scriptural expedients to get men ance, "for a memol"ial," would have saved without compliance with the been driven into outer and eternal terms of the gospel within the limits darkness. And we did also venture of the life-time. But no man is com- to say that there may be those who petent to affirm that it is impossible out of every nation go up from time for any heathen man to be saved to time to a saved state, exceptions without the knowledge of the historic to the great mass of the heathen, as Christ. The grace of God is wider proofs that there is no fatality about than our creeds or our philosophy. this wholesale perdition, and alil jus- The love of God is broader than our tifying the condemnation of the rest. narrow theology, Arminius did not This is scarcely an article of faith, know everything, nor Calvin either. for it is not revealed. Yet we cannot And if O'u:f; of every nation some shall but feel that "in every nation he join the redeemed, who, never having that feareth God and worketh right- heard of Christ as a historic person, eousness is accepted with Him," and have been led and taught of God's that in some mysterious way, un- Spirit to rest upon a method of sal- known to us, God may lead a. poor vation only dimly revealed to their pagan who is feeling after Him if yearning souls, not only will God's haply he may find him, to rest upon justice and grace be vindicated and the merit of a mediator, of whom as glorified, but the condemnation of a historic personage he has never aU other lost heathen will be maqe heard. to appear consistent with human freedom and responsibility. While A most beloved missionary in the we suggest this relief to the dark Orient has told us of a white-haired picture of the wOl'ld's condition and and venerable patriarch whom he

EDITORIAL

prospects, it must be remembered paper; I beg leave to quote one par- that, as a practical question of duty, agraph giving my views: this hope does not affect the respon- .. Evangelization-the proclaiming of the good sibilityof the church. It still re- news of salvation to all who are ignorant oC a mains true that without the gospel Saviour's love and intereession-'-is our part in proclaimed among them by believers. the Divine economy of redemption, on whieh is conditioned the conversion of men by the Holy the vast multitude of the heathen Spirit. The work includes the Christian colwill actually perish. This we cannot lege and seminary for the education of a native but believe. While some may be agency, since every country must be evangelized speculating as to the future of those by its own sons, duly prepared by divine grace, through miSSionary instruction and example; who die unsaved, we prefer to give and it includes a Christian literature for the demen the gospel here and now, assured velopment and nurture of Christian life and on the authority of God that "it is eharacter in new-born souls; but more than all else, it includes the preaching of' the word.

the power of God unto salvation to • How shall they believe in Him of whom they – everyone that believeth." have not heard, and how shall they hear with- A.T.P. out a preacher, and how shall they preach THE editors are more and more except they be sentf' No miraculous power is to print the Scriptures and scatter them broad- cast among the tribes of men. No voice from satisfied that the views presented in heaven is to proclaim the message of Ufe in the the leading article of the May num- ear of assembled mnltitudes. This work has ber, on the "Mission and Commis- been committed to the church. The final glory sion of the Church," are not only is not promised till the gospel has been preached for a witness to all nations. The way must be unassailable, but fundamen tal to a prepared for the coming of the Lord, for those right conception of our work and its grander workings of the Spirit, which have success. We venture to print a let- been the hope and the joy of the people of God ter from one of the greatest of the in all the ages, when Christian institutions shall cover the earth, and Ch"istiau homes shall be leaders of the missionary host. the common heritage of all the children of DEAR DR. PIERSON :-1n the May men." number of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, 1 read with much Grateful for your valuable services interest your editorial on the matter in your present field of labor as conof "evangelization" as distinguished nected with the progress of the kingfrom "conversion" in the foreign dom of God. field. 1 was very glad to see the article, as 1 hope it will correct a good Very sincerely yours. N. G. CLARK.

BOSTON, May 10,1889.

deal of improper lan~uage, which THE HELL GA'fE EXPLOSION of Oc- we hear in the pulpit and through tober 10, 1884, caused the most in- the press. 1 have for years been tense excitement in New York City.

very careful never to speak of the The Brooklyn Bridge was crowded, conversion of men as in any sense a every available space on the house- human work. That is the preroga- tops, the horse cars, the river banks; tive of the Holy Spirit. Evangeliza- all the world was on the streets. The tion is our work; when that work is explosion took place at 11.13 o'clock well done we may hope and pray for A.M., and the progress of the vibra- the conversion of men. Of that the tion was found to be' 1,700 feet per Holy Spirit will have all the honor. second. There was great fear that As long ago as at the annual meet- the shock might cause disaster to the ing of the American Board, in 1877, foundations of buildings, and even I presented a paper entitled" Claims the towers of the East River Bridge.

of the Un-evangelized," in which I Just before 11 o'clock a small band endeavored to set forth the truth on of engineers stood about a small bat- this subject. I should be glad to terynear the Astoria Ferry slip, with call your attention to the entire General Newton, theil'chief, who frequently looked at his watch. At revolutionary. He would have m'i~­ 11.12 precisely, a baby's hand was laid upon the little key of the bat- sionaries go out without purse ,Ii# tery and instantly 13,286 dynamite scrip, without human patronltgeQl" cartridges, protruding from as many dependence, without stated salary,Ol' holes in the mine, exploded, and a settled habitation, precisely as did second later the 240,000 pounds of those primitive disciples. With l'ackarock, packed bacl~ of the car- many of Mr. Baldwin's principles and tridges. Flood Rock was blasted sentiments we confess ourselves in away. The report was not loud, but very hearty accord, while we feel a second before it was heard a great confident that he has carried those mass of foam white as snow shot principles to the extreme of applicainto the air 200 feet, and fell back in tion. wild confusion to meet new upheavals. Great masses of rock were We believe that there are some flung upwards in a giant shower, but truths which belong to the realm only seen here and there through a not of obligation, but of privilege• mountain of shining foam. The elec- .. He that is able to receivli}t, let him tric current moved over a single wire receive it." And to all Mr. Baldwin's beneath the river to a heavy bichro- papers we have one answer-a scripmate battery on the rock, which dif- tural one; it is found in 1Corinthians fused the current through twenty- ix.,3 to 19. Paul, to those who critfour independent circuits, the ends ically examine His course, insists of those wires being bridged and upon certain rights, while at the joined by a fine platinum wire. Big same time he waives them. To rewaves were driven shoreward, and duce all the self-denials of a devoted vessels rocked wildly to and fro. The life to the level of cold duty and newater settled slowly, yellowish in cessity robs them of theil' beauty. hue, and emitting an odor of car- But when a life is lived in peculiar bonic acid gas. The crowd on land closeness of faith and fellowship, and river cheered lustily and waved leaning absolutely on God, and votheir hats and handkerchiefs, while luntarily choosing to have no interthe steamers whistled their salute. mediate dependence on man, we con- The channel was deepened from five fess there is about it a sublimity and feet to five fathoms. What an illus- beauty that are without a rival. tration of the work of God in mis- SIOns, long undermining great sys- A.T.P. tems which some day shall suddenly upheave and disappear.-A. T. P. REV. GEORGE STOTT, of the China Island Mission, fell asleep at Cannes, OUR friend and correspondent, Rev. April 21, 1889, aged 54. He and his E. F. Baldwin, of Mogador, Morocco, beloved wife were the companions has been furnishing a series of letters of Drs. Gordon and Pierson on their to The Christian (London) on "The tour of missions in Scotland in 1888, Question of the Hour-Foreign Mis· and Mr. Stott was one of the lovelisions." These remarkable papers est disciples we ever knew. He had take Matthew x., etc., as the basis of for years had but one leg, but he did all foreign mission work. Mr. Bald- as much work as most !pen with two. For some time he had been troubled with his lungs and a complication of diseases.-A. T. P.

win regards our Lord's instructions THERE was recently held the great to the twelve and the seventy as per- centennial of Wasl~ington's Inaugumanent and authoritative guides in ral Oath. No such celebration has the work of evangelization. His po- eyer been seen on American soil, but sition,is of course both radical and it may be doubted whether any spec-

1889.J ORGANIZED MISSIONARY WORK AND

tacle equally disgrltceful with the utterly inadequate; but ample means are EaIl at the Academy of Mu~ic ever at the disposal of our 75,000 Baptist breth disgraced and dishonored such a fes- ren iu the Dominion of Canada; tive occasion. What a contrast between the morning service of wor- That to every 50.000 of the population of ship at St; Paul's and the evening this land one missionary and fifty native worship of the world, the flesh, the Christian helpers are the least possible devil and the drink demon I number of evangelizing a.gents necessary; The Speedy Eva.ngeliza.tion of the Te- That nntil the country is thoroughly lugu People. evangelized, the home churches must pro- vide the support of missionaries and the AT the Thirteenth Annual Cana- higher traiuing of native agents, leaving to dian Baptist Missionary Conference, the Christians of this land the support of in Bimlipatam, India, January, their own pastors and teachers. 1889, the following resolutions were adopted: Therefore we now urge upon the home churches the pressing necessity of at once That the commission of our Lord Jesus grappling with this work by sending out Christ means that this generation or Chris- immediately fifty-two men. and additional tians in the world is commanded to give the lady·missionaries as the work demands' gospel to this generation of heathen; and providing for the consequent extension of the evangelizing agencies; That the one thousand million who are in spiritual darkness. the three millions of We will impress more fully upon the Telugus dependent on us for the Bread of native churches their responsibility in this life. are a share proportionate to the num- work; ber of our brethren in the Canadian Baptist churches; We request both the hotne and native churches to unite with us in steadfast and That for the evangelization of these continued prayer to the God of Missions, for people, the means at present employed are a large output of laborers into this His har- vest field; for an abundant out-pouring of His Holy Spirit, that the workers be filled with power, and their hearers bowed with conviction; and for the speedy triumph of the cause of Christ throughout the world.

VII.-ORGANIZED MISSIONARY WORK AND STATISTICS.

Wesleyan Methodist Mission (English) of a native minister, who seized the oppor- in the Mysore District, Madras, India. tunity to dwell upon the spiritual life of Christianity. Another most important and STATISTICS FOR 1888. useful work is that accomplished by the temperance societies• ., .,riJ cO …;. .; ';' …;. '" ., " ''".""", """ . " ." ~".'" t"": . :5 " " '" 6 ss ::iiij '-·'5§Io~;"w:si ~~''E;§"0~;::'· oZ.,~~…"..,;..~£,<,:.:;~rQ.t~";I.t0.'!,-'Ij'l.a<,.=8l~3.0!:.,lI. ~ "~ ~ .; ",!l .0 The North India Oonferenoe of the Meth- .; c III 0 odist Episoopal Ohuroh. S 'i:l THIS conference met at Bareilly on the 9th .; ~z January under the presidency of Bishop ~ Thoburn. General delight was expressed " .s 'r::-" " '" <J at the bishop'S presence, because his ea.rli- 'a 0 .; .; ~ '0 est field of labor was North of India. The ~ .<:I 0 following table indicates the position of the 0 " ~ rIl '0 Q) rIl work: ~ 0 0 " :g ai S '0 S -" -oj rIl ai .cI rIl '" Q) rIl Eo< E-I u1i – – – – – – – —- – – 84042 912 109 28 1,068 136 8,621 24 1.030 THE field covered by this mission is larger DEPARTMENT. Increa.se than Scotland, and has a populatiou of over Total. on 4,000,000. Except Mysore and Bengalore, there are no large cities. the headquarters Year. of the different districts being towns of about 10,000 inhabitants. Among the most Church Members………… 7,944 1,924 important phases of the work is that among Nat. Christian Community. 10.828 1,602 the Kolar gold fields. The most effectual Baptisms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1,952* evangelistic work is accomplished at the Sunday-schools…………. ' 703 520 time of the idol festivals, which are univer- Sunday-school Scholars,… 26,585 109 sal holidays. One special instance is noted 2,672 where a quarrel between two rival idols resulted in marked attentIon to the preaching *Of these 1,201 are adults.

That is a grand record for a year's work.

In the day schools there are 16,000 pupils, 5,000 of whom are girls, and over 3,000 Chris- tians. Deaconesses' Homes are to be openeO at Mathra and Lucknow. Bengal Mission of the Methodist special lecturers, one American on physi_ Episoopal Ohuroh. ology and sanitation, and two native on methods of theory and practice of mission REpORT for 1888. See Statistics Page 314 work. In the theological department there MISSIONARY REVIEW for April. are 37 students, and in the normal depart- ment 30 students. The course of training The reports of the presiding elders of the includes specially Bible study, togetherwlth four districts, Ajmere, Burmsh, Calcntta and practical instructions in evangelistic work. Mussoorle, bring very forcibly before the reader The classics are those of the country, though the need of the great work. In some places, occasionally Greek and Hebrew are taught where there was urgent need of advance and increased elfort, the word came to retrench, and General Synod Evangelical Lutheran the problem became a serious one how to hold the ground already occupied. The laying of Mission in India. Baptized in 1888 by: the corner stone of the J abulpore Mission buildings brought some grateful words from Rev. E. Unangst { Adults, 311 the chief commissioner, Mr. A. Mackenzie, Chtlctre:1, 318 C. S. The times have greatly changed in India 629 since the day when the first American mission- { Adults, 11 aries were peremptorily ordered out of the Rev. L. B. Wolf, Children, 14 country. At pr.esent there are no warmer sup- 25 porters of their work than mallY of the oftlcials { Adults, 140 of the Indian Government. Rev. B. John, Children, 271 411 Bareilly Theologioal Seminary of the Adults, 9} Methodist Episcopal Mission, N ol'th { Rev. M. Nathaniel, Children, 117 India. 216 REPORT for 1888 shows two missionary professors, with six native assistants and three Total, 1,281 These statistics show that our work here is a graud success. Who will come to help to carry it on ?

Malayalam Mission, Travancore, India..

LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY, COMMENCED 1805. STATISTICS FOR 1888• .; ..",; ..",; ….,.;. .; ….;, .; M …., . """…. ~ ….;, "tS.~ ",.c:I ~ .c:I "o· """".c:I -;; .; .; oj't:l ..;.0.:.,:, .,0 0 "oj A ., …. ~ oj ~ 't:I oj "'>< "0 ~" – "'"0 " o";o;f!j oj ~ "oj ..c."".:,I "E-o M 'a0 0 .c:I o0.j..", "",Il< ~Il) .c:I ".o~ j o "0 "…. "ee ",.c:I 0 r:0n .~…, o~ …. 00 't:I.~ 0 bo 0 "..q, ' " "g..q zoj 0 .c:I 0 ;;: o,-.;!";l: 0 "0 00 0 — —- ———————- —- — 6 6 19 213 1163 266 44.633 5,356 g56 295 13.229 27.657 Trevandrum station, including the city those sold by the colporteur Bible women and with a population of 57,611, and the district, at the depot. covering 632 square miles, with a population of 253,280, has 48 congregations with 1,200 The Medical work Includes 1 MiSSionary, 9 church members, 7,719 adherents, 59 schools Medical Evangelists in charge of Dispensaries, and 1,712 scholars, new adherents 584. 2 Dispensers, 1 Evangelist, 1 Catechist, 1 Bible woman, 1 Colperteur. The patients included Among the chief features of the work are 10,503 Protestants, 2,694 Roman Catholics, 13,- Gospel lectnres to caste Hindoos and 930 Heathens, 530 Mohammedans. others; open.air preaching and private conversation with enquirers; dissemina.- Zenana Work in India.-The Zenana Mistion of Scriptnres, religious books and sionarv Society of the Church of England tracts. reports that in 1888 it had 106 missionaries in the home connection, 189 Bible-women, The chief hindrance is from the high caste and 349 native teachers. Under this mis- Hindoos, alarmed for the safety of their sionaryforce 3,118 houses have been visited traditional religious usages, and hostile to in which there are 2,797 pupils. This method the low cast people who are glad to come of reaching the women of India is proving to the preaching, so that care has to be taken successful, and those who could not possinot to open more places of worship than can be bly be brought together in any public aseared for. 1,439 Scripture portions, chiefly sembly are glad to welcome Ilo Christia.n Gospels, were sold by the preachers, besides teacher in the home, United Ohuroh of Ohrist in Japan.

TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1888.

~..".,.. STATISTICS.

9o · MISSIONA.RIES, ! . .n..; as 0"""0i''."-" FOREIGN. " I '" '""§ Sil .n (!)~t ~al .. Sl" ,!.-~ "CIS000"O-, "M D.S ~ ~" .; 6 ;;" z"'''….. f ~.~~,!:,g..= '" – <S»l § o§o.Jd3'fi ,.,~"Qg-.".:a2'e0dgen-j ~ .; .; rJ2 ~~() – – ''"" – – 0 0 Po< ,; ."8o"s' o Po< zg ".d – – – – .S :c ~ ,; PPo< " !l ~ :~:;: ~ I: ~ 44 ~ rJ2 0 8 rJ2 411 : ~ ~ "~ —— 0 -rJ2- 1$:,;;00 8,690 1,831 80 24 2,260 4,000 39 38 36 THE whole report is one of encouragement Missionary Society are calling for men and and hope. An increase for the remaining twelve money to enter the doors open on every side. years of the century similar to that of the past The great desire i8 to increase the power of the year would give for 1900 a membership of 144,- union by the addition of the Congregational 000, a token of the evangelization of this great churches, which will nearly double the effectempire. ive force of the union, adding to it 45 churches with 7,093 members. With such a compact Several more churches have become self-sup- body of Christian workers, animated by such a porting, and it is a question whether many of those still receiving aid are not hurt more than spirit of self-consecration and earnest purpose they are helped. The principle laid down is to work for Christ; there is no obstacle too tbat any church of a hundred members should great. In union is strength. We earnestly be entirely self·reliant. The chief growth is in hope that there will be nothing done to kamper the chnrches, but the fields on every hand are or hinder that union. white to the harvest, aud the native Home -~– Statistios of the Egyptian Mission. (Frbm 1865 to 1887.) ESTABLISHED IN 1854. 1865. 1870. 1875. 1880. 1887.

—-.——-_._-.—————- Ordained Missionaries…………………………. . 8 7 8 8 11 Unmarried Female Missionaries……………….. . 3 3 7 8 10 Native Pastors…………………… , …………. .. 1 3 6 10 Native Licentiates…………………………….. . 5 Organized Congre:oations……………………… . 1 3 8 12 7 3 24 Stations Occupied ……………………………. .. 5 10 6 48 21 85 Communicants …………………………. , …… .. 79 237 676 1,036 2,307 Average Sabbath Attendance ………………….. . 125 513 1,133 1,837 4,747 Pupils in Sabbath-schools…………………….. .. 236 658 1,494 4,438 Number of Schools…………………………….. . 5 49 82 8 23 Pupils in Schools ………………………………. . 815 520 1,040 2,219 5,601 Books Distributed (volumes) …………………… . ? 5,506 1l,8PO 25,534 33,609 $655 $797 $4,863 $13,083 Tuition Fees…. :………………………………. . 1,037 2,795 5,541 7,815 Proceeds from Sale of Books……………………. . Totals paid by Nat's for Prc'h'g., Schools and Books 2,788 4,840 14,986 27,173 Baptist Foreign Missionary Society of The Woman's Baptist ForeIgn Mis.ionary Ontario and Quebec. Societies of Ontario and of East Ontario and Quebec report for their Zenana work MISSION FIELD, TELUGUS, MADRAS, INDIA. expenses additional to the sums paid to the General Society of $2,315.32. STATISTICS.-TwENTY-SECOND ANNUAL RE- The work of the Societies has been ham· PORT, 1888. pered by changes necessitated throughsick- ness and retirement of some from the field. …. " . ".- " " … ;1ui't:! .u..i .n .u.,i Yet they go on their way with good cour- age, "300,000 sonls with a single missionary, :s .-" . " " <II"d~~.~~~c.'g..",.:. 't:!.n ..e- .n .; ::l ::l and he 35 miles distant," calls for help• .':~-t:l:Q."!c~) '0 " " A::l'~" ~~ "'~ Ci~ ~… ."c ~ ~ The Leper House at Jerusalem, 1888. "~ 0 't~::!:ol 80 :te:l'Ow :J .d ~ ';":; The Seventeenth Annual Report of this Insti- Ci'~ E-< tution, under the care of the 1I0ravian Society, ",.- S.:!i 0 "rJ2 ".O..r "S shows an e'lCpenditnre of £435-3-0, $2,176. The Sil new asylum, built at a total cost of about ~dl ~, S $21,C-00, and unencumbered by any debt, has 19 inmates, 13 males and 6 females, 8 Christians Sil ~::. <= 0 and 11 Moslems.· Three died during the year, _. — — — — — — — – 0 aU haviug the Christian hope. 0 0 4 5 4 4 5 46 40 40 13 1.947 Increase from collections, legacies, etc ………………………….$14,67648 Received from Woman's Societies (less $325 returned).. .. .. .. .. .. .. • 4,605 Do 'l,'ota.l income …………… $19,281 48

Missions in the Dutch East-Indian

From the latest reports received during the year 1888, prepared jor THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD by Rev. N. D. Schuurmans, Haarlem, HoUand.

Name of the So- Stations. Receipts European Native As- Adherents. Schools. Scholars. during the ciety. Missionaries -s-i s t-a n-t s . – -l-as-t y-ea-r.- Notes. 8.- 74.- — – – – – – The Netherland ModjowarnQ-Java. 5,me, (on Ja- 135 8,472 on Java $37,706 In the Minahassa (Celebes) are a great . .(founded in the Kendal-pajak, llilissional'Y Unlun Kediri, h The number va) 221 (be. and Celebes; many native churches (communions) for- year 1797 at Rot- ~~:~b~~~Cele~~s. teachers and longing to of Savoo the merly founded by the missionaries of the lterdam). catechists the resort of N. M. S., now under the pastorshlp of Euro- Tanawan~ko .. in the lIiina- Seba (Savoo) number is pean associate preachers, who in connec- hasia prov- not known. tion with the Dutch Protestant Church in Seba-8avoo. inee is 115. Neth. India and under pay of the Dutch Government, yet greatly act asmissionaries for the propagation of the gospel,. Thenum- ber of native Christians is reported abont 120.000 souls. Notwithstanding two mission- aries. properly so-called, are at work in the niinahassa, the one is placed at the head of a training school for native assistan ts, the other occupied witha printing press for the sake of the missions on this Island. – —– .. Missionary Socie- Cheribou, The Netherland nieester-Cornelis-Ja va 7 24 874 11 146 $17,846 Of the 874 adherents 251 may partake of .. ty II. (founded in Indramaju, .. ,he year 1858 at niadjalengka, the Holy Communion.

. Rotterdam). . Sukabumi. Sumedang, .. 1'jiandjoor, .. Pangharepan, . Buitenzorg, —– —- ———- –~~— This year (1889) one Missionary more will Foreign Mission Batavia-Java. 3 6 200 4 224 $8,000 c f the Christian Surbaga, U be sent to Sumba.

Reformed Church Melolo and Cabernero, in the Netherlan<ls Sumba. (founded tn the ear 1860 at Leyen.) – – – – – – 125 Missions Church Salatiga-Java.. 6 8 500 5 $1,892 Only one missionary is sent by tbe Erme a t Ermeloo (found- 'Vonoredjo. ,. (during 1887.) 100 Mission; the other by the Neukinchan Mission. which are united on Java. under .. e d in the year Klampok, the name of h Salati;;a Mis8ion."

1856 at Ermeloo.) Kali<lJeret, ..

.. Tjem~h,

Un- Mergoredjo-Java. 3 16 491 5 200 I $8,479 The three old missionaries, thonlth

ion, for the propa- Pakanteu-Sumatra. (during 1887). directly on the mission field, are yet occugation of the gos- pied wi th working for the missionar~ cause; pel in the Dutch the first by translating the Bible lDto the colonies (founded Javanese language, the second by means of in the year 1847 at writmg, the third by preaching (Reise- Amsterdam). 1——— —– —— —- – – – – – '- – – -…- – $2,127 prediger.) Dutch Lutheran Pulo Tel;o. 2 This mission but just begun.

Society for Home Batuv Islands.

and Foreign Mis- sions (founded in the year 1882 at Amsterdam).

Java Comi te Batavia-Java. (2 on Java. 13 on Java. 115 3 ..t200 $11,911 Missionary I. Esser, of Bondawosso. is at 5 80, present in Holland for the translation (branch of the So- Bondowossa" 1 all Sum",-.J 011 Suma- 450 of the Bible (New 'l'estament) into the Maciety for Home Uta Rimbaru-Suma- tra). tl'a.) durese language. and Foreign Mis– tra.

sions at Batavia, Java) founded in the year 1856 at Amsterdam. —— —– Utrecht Mission Mansinam-N.Guinea. 8 total. 7 180 6 U38 $21,940 Union, founded in Andai, •• the year 1859 at Doreh, Utrecht. Rhoon, Duma, Almaheira. Soa, Konora, •• – – – – – – – – -Ka-w-ir-i. B-u-ru-. —- ——-, —– —– Rhenish Mission Bandjarmassin-Borneo 8 {on Borneo)i26 {on Bor- 1,120 {on Bor- 136 (on Su- $83,362.56 An auxiliary society tor the Rhenish Mis- Society, founded Kwala Kapuas, .. 15 (on Suma- neo). neo). matra). for year end- sian was founded at Amsterdam in the year in the year 1828 at llIandomal, tra). 220 (on Suma-12,702 (on Su- – – – 373 (all Bor- ing Easter 1869. Barm en (Ger- Pangkoh, 5 (on Nias), tra). matra). many). Telang, 9 (')n Nias). 616 (on Nias). neal. 1888. * We have valued thejlorin at 50 cents, Amer- 48 (on Nias). Tameanlajang, U ican money, in these jigures. The Dutch guild- , er is equivalent to 40 cents our money-EDS. Sipirok-Sumatra. Bungabonder, U Pangaloon, U Sigumpu]an.

Pantjarnapitu-Sum. Stations (Continued). Simorongkir, " Pearadja, Sipokalon, Sibtoga, Sum. Lobusircgar, Gunougsitoli-Nlas. Lagubati, Dahana.," Balije, Ombalata, I Sipahutar, Padang, I

ORGANIZED MISSIONARY WORK AND STATISTICS

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES. On the Sangi and Talauuer Islands are 6 As already mentioned in the a.bove Tables, several native churches, founded in stations and 6 missionaries (under pay of former times, are now under the care of European association preachers, not only in government) with about 20,000 native Christhe Minahassa (Celebes), but also on the other islands of the Dutch East Indian tians. One of these missionaries, Rev. Kel- Archipelago, as on Java, Timor, Amboina, Ternate, etc. Their number (i. e. of the ling, on the Sangi Islands, preaches at preachers) amounts to 26. Likewise there are a.bout 80 native teachers. All these are 21 different places (villages), while 15 schools paid by the Dutch Government. At Depok (Batavia) is a seminary or are entrusted to his care. trainiug school for native assistants of missionaries. Dnring the year 1888, 10 pupils, The Netherland Reformed Mission Union, being well taught and examined, have left this institution in order to begin their founded in the year 1860 at Amsterdam, has work among their fellow-countrymen. At Madjowarno (Surabaya) Missionary Kruyt 2 stations on Java, with 3 missionaries. has also founded a training-school with about 14 pupils. The number of native The number of native Christians is about Christians at D6pok is about 600 souls. The Netherland Bible Society. founded at 6,000 distrtibuted in 47 churches or lo- Amsterdam in the year 1814, has 122 branches in the Netherlands and also in the calities. Dutch East Indian Archipelago at Batavia, Depok, Samarang, Surabayo, Padang, Aug… For the evangelizatiou in Atjeh (North kola, l'Iakassar, Tondano, Bandjarmassin, and in the Dutch West Indian colonies Sumatra) a comita last year was founded (South America) at Paramaribo. With the aid of this society the Bible has at Zeist. Probably this year (1889) a misbeen translated into ten different languages of the Dutch East Indian Archipelago, viz.: sionary will be sent out to that country. the Dajak, the Javanese, the low Malay of Surabaya, the low Malay of Samarang, the The Union for the Propagation ofthe Gos- Sundanese, the Alfurese, the Batta (Toba), the Buginese and the Macassar languages. pel in Egypt was founded in 1886, at the Two new translations of the Bible have been made, namely, one into the Sun- Hague (Holland). Its missions-field is at Caldanese langnage by Rev. S. Coolsma at Bl1ndung (Java), and another into the Madurese iub, which is i:lhabited by Mohammedansand language by Rev. J. Esser at the Hague. During the last year 57,405 copies of the Hoptish Christians. According to the report, Bible, or parts of it, have been sold or distributed. The receipts of the society dur- 1887-'88, there are seven adherents and a school ing this year (1888) amounted to 53,267florins. Likewise the" Society for Home and For- with sixty pupils. The miSSionary working eign Missions" and the uUnionforspreading Christian literature,"both at Batavia (Java) there will be joinml by a European schoollargely contribute for the propagation of the gospel into the Dutch East Indian Arch- teacher, in May. Receipts, 5,052 florins. ipelago. Total receipts in Holland for the Prot. Mis- Mission of the Christian Reformed Church sion in the Dutch E. I. Archipelago, about $150,000; total native Christians, 240,000 among Israel, began in 1875. Report, August souls.-Two mis~ionaries of the Neth. Miss. Society had arrived on Java for the Missions 1, 1885-Julv 15, 1888: Missionary HORter held on Savoo and Soemba. The Java-Comit" intends to enlarge its mission-field, namely: meetings in several towns and villages that to found five stations more in East Java and Madura; also the Dutch Ref. Union were frequented by the Jews; at many intends to send as soon as possible missionaries to Tegal and Rembang and Madiun, places he visited Jewish families in their houses. Java.-To the mission on the Sanggi Islands, Rev. P. Helling departed Feb. 2. At present this missionary has been honorably discharged, and several members of the Board occasionally hold meetings. Many religiOUS writings or tracts were spread among the Jews.

Receipts, 5,7€2 florins. '

The Netherland Union, for the propagation of the gospel among the Jews, in connec- tion with the English Episcopal Church, began in 1£84, Leist (Holland). Report, 1887: The missionary has his mission-field at Amsterdam, and another at Rotterdam, who visited also sev- eral provinces of the Netherlands. The evan- gelization met with mnch opposition from the Jews; the iOlOrance of this people with regard to the Bible, was very breat. Notwithstanding this opposition, many of them accepted' and read the religious tracts, that were spread among them. Though the resnits of the preach- ing of the gospel are not clearly visible, the labors of the missionaries can be considered as pr<)paring the way for the children of Israel to receive their King. During the last year thirteen Jews asked religious teaching, and fonr of them were baptized. Receipts, 2,724 florins.

Dutch, East Ind.an Arch.pelago.-In the Bottom-lands (North Snmatra) the progress of Christianity is stated to be very hopeful. The missionaries of the Rhenish Missionary Society have their station near to the lake of Toba, at Lagubati, and Balige. In their efforts to spread the gospel into this eDnntry they receive much help of the native Christian churches, and of tbeir assistants. SociE)tyfor the Propagation ofthe Gospel 5, Druze 1. .. All Lhese, evening a.fter even- in Foreign Parts. ing, have heard the Word of God read and very simply and earnestlv explained, many EsTABLISHED 1701. Report of the year 1888. of them joining, with every appearance ~f THE SOCIETY'S INCOME FOR 1888. reverence in' Christian prayer." In this as ,in so many other cases the most interesting I. GENERAL FUND- £ 8. d. features of the work can be known only to Subscriptions, Dividends the workers themselves and to God. The supporters must be content to await the and Contributions…… . 105,910 1 1 open answers to their prayers and dona- Legacies ……………… . 8,552 11 5 tions, until there is more perfect liberty granted to searchers after truth. Reuts, Divideuds, etc ….• 3,222 2 6 Totalreceiptsgeneralfund 117,684 15 0 II. SPECIAL 1<'uNDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21',982 2 6 Total income …………. £]38,666 17 6 American Seaman's Friend Society. The sixty – first annual meeting was held in the In addition to the above, the society's chapel of the Sailor's Home, 190 Cherry street, . treasurers had received for invested funds, New York, on the afternoon of the 6th inst. held by the society as a corporation for The annual report shows that 27 chaplains or specific trusts by request, the sum of £1,- missionaries have endeavored to promote the 429 Os. 8d. spiritnal and temporrl welfare of seamen in ports extending around the world. During the In this sum of £105,610 Is. Id. are included year 501 loan libraries have been sent out, contwo gifts of securities, worth £25,296 and sistine: of 18,036 books, 7,524 being new, and £2,263 respectively. The former was U a supplying crews of 7,781 seamen. On U. S. thankoffering to almighty God for the ex- Naval vessels and in U. S. Hospitals, 993 libratension of the church in the colonies and ries, of 35,742 books, )lave been maintained dependencies of the British empire and be- within reach of 114,267 men. The heroic U. S. yond it." The latter w..s a memorial of one Life Saving Service has been remembered by 117 who had long been a munificent supporter libraries of 4,220 volumes. The Sailors' Home, of the society. on Cherry street, N. Y., accommodated 1,351 sailors during the twelve months, and took Oentral Ohina Missions of the Methodist good care of more than $10,000 deposited tem- Episcopal Ohurch. porarily with the lessee. Shipwrecked and destitute seamen were relieved by gifts amount- REPORT for 1888. See Statistics Page 314, ing to $653.70. The income of the year MISSIONARY REVIEW for April. amounted to $27,832.89, and the outgo to $34,- 971.05. One of the most important minor reports presented is that in regard to Land Tenure. It American Bible SOCiety. The sixty-first should be followed up in every mission of every annual meeting was held Thursday aftersociety. The necessity of owning and develop- noon at the Bible House. The annual reing real estate in connection with mi.sionary port shows that the total cash receipts for genwork makes it of the highest importance that eral purposes were $499,823.56. The disbnrsethe laws of Land Tenure should be well under- ments for general purposes amounted to $555,- stood. The Brother who makes the report 979.78, leaving a deficiency of $56,166.22, which seems to feel as if the time spent upon it was of was provided for j'l part by aloan and in part by little value. We would reply in the words of the sale of certain securities. The following the venerable Father Goodell of Constantinople were elected to the Board of Managers for four to one who made a similar complaint: "The years: John H. Earle, S. V. R. Cruger, Elbert disciples were serving the master just as much A. Brinkerhoff, James G. Levett, Charles H. wheu they went to get the ass as when they Trask, William Hoyt, Robert W. De Forest, J. preached at Pentecost." D. Kurtz Crook and T. G. Sellew_ The Philander Smith Memorial Hospital at The seventy-fifth anniversary of the Nanking reports in all 10,100 patients treated, a American Baptist Missionary Union began grand record of good work done. at Boston, May 15. The following statistics were given: Missionaries appointed dnr- The Woman's Foreign Missionary Society has ing the year, 30; missionaries sailed to the b~en very successful in its medical work among field, 31; missionaries retnrned, 9; total the Tartar women of Chiukiang and good re- appropriations for the year, $423,318; total sults are already evident. receipts, $415,144; balance against the treasury, $8,174. The Foreign Secretary's. Jaffa Medioal Mission and Hospital. report shows that in all the missions there are 279 missionaries,l,316 churches, 134,413 The annual report for 1888 shows expen- members-an increase of 17 missionaries, ditures of £1,209, $6,046. The number of out- 20 churches, and 7,205 members. In misdoor cases has heen 13,217; 138 on a single sions to the heathen are 62 stations and day. 511 patients have been received to 1,179 out-stations, the hospital; 307 men and 204 women and children. The various religIOns represented have been, Mo~lem 414. Greek 44, Je~ish 23, 11aronite 13, Protestant 10, Roman Catholic

~~ . r r

556 [JULY, PROGRESS OF MISSIONS-MONTHLY BULLETIN.

l"

VIII.-PROGRESS OF MISSIONS: MONTHLY' "

BULLETIN.

What a stimulating Btudy follows the lower Rownma, three in Zanzibar and three footsteps of Jehovah through these forma- in the Portuguese interior. Besides there tiveyea.rsofmissionaryenterprise I Mighty are the East Africa. station. of the London obstacles removed; a missionary spirit de- and Scottish societies.-In~pendent.' veloped; over 200 general missionary societies and boards organized; woman's work ·-Rev. E. F. Baldwin, writing from Mogafor women inaugurated and already a phe- dor, Morocco, in April, says: The, work nomllnal success; many of the sons and goes on well, now. There is a. lull In persedaughte~s of ~he church in our educational cution: hence many meetings-five on Suninstitutions pledged to service In the foreign days, fonr on Wednesdays a.ud Sa.turdays, field; medical missions securing gratefulre- a.nd three on other days. We are trying to cognition; the .Bible printed in 300 tongues; make the most of our opportunities. On our a vernacular literature created, and schools last trip Mr. Nairn and I were reported for the lowest grade to the well-equipped killed, and the statemeut was believed by college and theological seminary estab- all except my family. True.wewere roughly lished. handled, but not a. bail' of our heads per- ished. Rosine Is back. and Abraham is on -The most effective reply to pessimists his way. They were separated by Abraham like Canon Taylor and Mr. Caine will be being in prison and put in irons nine days. found in the MISSIONARY REVIEW oJ!' TliE his outer clothes heing also stolen. For WORLD. and more especially in such a paper about six months they were away on a jouras Dr. Pierson's in the April number on ney. on the lines of Matt. x.; many believed. .. Further Testimonies to Missions." Itsets and many were baptized. The work grows forth an array of well attested facts, so in other ;>laces. We hope to devote the weighty that all the accusations and in- summer months to systematically training sinuations of professed friend. or open foe, in the Word the most promising converts. will be but a feather's weight in comparison. in order to their doing service as native No Pl'Stor who desires to keep his congrega- evangelists. Blessing has begun among the tion up to the mark In missionary fervor Jews. I have recently baptizcd three Jewa should fail to procure this hest of all the and lour Moslems. One of the Jew8 Is just missionary magazines.-OhriBtian Leader out of irons for his faith; one or two others (Scot/and). await baptism. The last steamer brought Mr. Sheehan. s. non-commissioned olHcer Africa.-The Missions ofthe German and from Gibraltar, to join us on Matt. x. lines. English societies cover a considerable part Thank God. there are six Matt. x. missionof the countries around the back of the ter- aries (men) here in actual work; one is Mr. ritories of the Sultan of Zanzibar, on the Martin and two natives. I am just olf …. east coast of Africa. The Nenkirchen So- another trip, going first to Cass. Blanca. ciety has had since 1887 a station at Ngao wearing Moorish clothes. which we all (men) on theTana. in the Suabalicountry with two now wear, finding it much better tor the missionaries; a third missionary died short- work, and more comfortable every way. lyafter his arrival. On the other side of Blessing and trial continue intermingled. I the Tana is the station Soldanti. of the hope in tbe coast towns to visit and os- United Jllethodist Free Churches, who also tablish several ~roups of believers who have two stations, Joursee and Ribe, in the have never seen the face of a foreign mis- Mombasa. district. The Evangelical Lu- sionary. therau Missionary Society for East Africa of Jla,varia. has stations at Jimba and at -The Romish Church is pushing for the Mbungu among the Wakamba, six hours in- open regions of the upper Congo. Two Porland, with three missionaries; a fourth mis- tuguese steamers recently carried from sionary died at his home, whither he had twenty to thirty Jesuit priests and nuns to retUrned for his health. One bour from labor in Africa for the propagation of their Jimho is the station at Kisulutini, or Rabai, faith. foun!ied by Krapf and Rebmann in 1876, which with Mombasa, Freretown and Kam- -Rev. George Grenfell, Ia.tely returned likene. torms the Mombasa district of the from the Congo, reports .. Cbristianity English Church Missionary Society. The spreading even where missionaries had not Evangelical Missionary Society for German labored. As he approached one town in East Africa. has a station at Dar-es-Salaam, which no Baptist missiona.ry had ever lawith one projected in Kisserawa, on which bored. he saw a band of native eva.ngelists are two European missionaries, one Abys- coming out of it to preach the gospel to sinian teacher and a deacon. The English their native brethren, and that town. a few Universities Mission has five stations In years a.go, wa.s sunk in hea.thenism." Usambara, oPpol'ite the island of Pemba, four farther south, in the !iistrict of the -Inspector Harms, in his tour among the Rerma.nnsburg missions in South Africa. last year, also visited the Norwegian mis-

PROGRESS OF MISSIONS-MONTHLY

sion at Umpupulo, Natal. The stationed celve all who apply; 70 applicants have "missioo!lory had seven 'preaching places, a.t been declined. A Training Cla.ss from the which his helpers preached, ha.ving heen school visits female patients in the Hospispecially prepared for the service on the tal, There are six native teachers at work. Saturday. .. This is a matter of which we do not take thought enough," the Inspector -The Baptist Mission in the' Sbantung remarks; .. yet the Norwegians are lacking Province, have, in the districtofTsing-cheu in emcient evangelists, while we are much Fo, 55 chUrches, all self-supporting, minisbetter provided through our Seminary at tered to by five native pastors maintaining Ehlanzeni, with its 16 pupils." themselves and not drawing any of their support from the society. Belglum.-The Missionary Church of Belgium (EvangelicalSociety) reports a rich -Tho Chinese Inland Mission has been enspiritual growth within the past year. A abled to send $20,000 for the reliet of the letter from Pastor Brocher says that this sufferers from the famino in China. missionary church is composed largely of -The ratio of the gain in converts In all the poor miners who have come out from Ro- Protestant missions In China during the manism. There are 22 ordained minIsters, decade is about 140 percent. ; and In Japan four evaugelists, eight Bible readers, and It is over 300 per cent. four colporteurs, but a large portion of the work Is rendered by the workingmen who, Central Amerlca.-In the latter from the mining and manufacturing dis- part oflast year tbe Prt'sbyterian Bo~rd of tricts, return to the village. There are now Foreign Missions made a liberal appropria- 27 churches, with sixty-one preaching sta- tion of funds to help the mission in Guatetions and 84 other localities where ihe gos- mala, Central America. in purcha.sing proppel has been preached occasionally, besides erty and huildlng for mission purposes in 000 placas visited by colpoteurs. Nearly the city of Guatamala. Ground was imme- 8,000 religious services have been held dur- diately bought and building begun, and ing the year, with a regular attendance of now a house is almost completed and a from four to five thousand hearers. Of the church well under way. 00 Sunday-schools 18 are called .. Missionary Sunday-schools "; that is, composed -City of Mexico, May S.-News has heen reexclusively of children of Roman Catholic ceived here of a discovery of great archfamiliee. This certainly is a cheering re- reological importance in the State of Chia.· port, and the appeal for financial aid which pas, near the ruins of Palanque, being no- Is made by this Missionary Church of Bel- thing less than a large city hidden in the gium should have a generous respoDse. depths of the forests. Some buildings are five stories high and in a good state of pres- Chlna.-In Canton, with its 1,500,000 in- ervation. There is a well-paved road sevhabitsnts, are fifteen Christian chapels, wbere eral miles in length still perceivable in the missionaries and the native ministers preacb midst of a tropical fOl"est. Very few partie. the gospel, not on Sunday only, but daily, and ulars bave reached kere, but the report from two to four honrs each day, to audiences comes from good sources. Palanque is said varying from fifty to several bundred. After to be S, mere village in comparison with tbls the sermon, Chinese Evangelists continue the lost city of prehistoric times. services. Free conversations and discussions tollow; rooms are at band for private confer- Egypt.-Miss Whately's work in Cairo. ences, and Cbristian books and tracts are kept The schools and mission established in in readiness, and disposed olin large numbers. Cario by the late Miss M. L. Whately will The preaching halls are tbronged during the hot- be carried on by her sister, Miss E. Jane test montbs–July. August and September-and Whately, who is well known as the biografrom noon till tbree o'clock-tbe hottest part of pher of. her father, the late Arcbbishop the day. Tens of tbousands of visitors to the Whately, and as a frequent contributor "to city bave beard tbe gospel in tbese cbapels and various periodicals. She will have the valhalls, and have carried It hundreds of miles uabie aid of Mrs. Shakoor, the widow of a. into the interior. The missionary encounters Syrian gentleman. who voluntarily assisted tbese in the most remote places on bis inland Miss Mary Whately in her work until his tours, and sometimes listens with surprise death some years ago. Mrs. Shakoor had while tbey repeat the substance nfthedlscourse for many years been tbe devoted friend and which tbey have beard. The dialect used by companion of the late Miss Whately. most of the miSSionaries, in preacbing, 1s the Punti, or pure Cantonese. by wbicb tbey have England.-English Presbyterians now access to twenty millions of people. number 64,000. according to reports submit- ted to the annual meeting of synod held in -Letters just received from Dr. Happer at Regent Square Church at the beginning of May. This shows a gain of 1,500 communi- Canton, speak of the encouraging Increase cants for 287 congregations in the past year' of students In the Anglo-Chinese College. -a small total and a small average. We The number at the beginning of May was had hoped for better things after the meettrT. The Girls' Boarding School cannot reo ing of the Presbyterian Alliance in London last year. -Dr. Dale, ofEnglan4, thinks that India is to be Christia.nized by her own sons, and cumbent of the Established Church, in the therefore he believes in sending out edu- enjoyment of a remarkably good living, with cated Christian men, capable of training a very small charge, who dwells at ease in Indian converts for the work of teaching England during its pleasant snmmer, and the gospel. There can be no question that enjoys himself in Southern lands during its the native element in missionary work has winter, and who does not even subscribe not been utilized as it should be, not in the con ventional guinea a year to the C.M.S., India only, bnt in other regions, as not- is hardly the man to·hold up a. high standably in Armenia. ard to his fellows I"

-The Wesleyan Missionary Society, with France.-Interference With Missions.- headquarters in London, has missions At a missionary breakfast at Birmingham established in Europe, India, China, West recently, at which Rev. J. Jones, who was Africa, the Transvaal, British Honduras expelled from the Island of Maro, iu the and the Bahamas. It reports ::36 central South Seas, was present, Dr. Dale uttered a stations or circuits and 1,338 chapels and timely protest agaiust what has the appear_ preaching-places. It has a staff of 833 mis- ance of French vindictiveness against Britsionaries and assistants, with 2,000 other ish missions in heathen J~nds. .. It is all paid acents, such as c",tcchists, interpre- the same," said Dr. Dale, .. whether the Emters, etc. It enumerates::;,::::J unpaid agents, pire, the Monarchy, or the Republic obtain such as local preo.chers and 3abbath-school iu Frauce, her officials, goaded on by priests. teachers, and a el:urch membership of 32,- repress Protestantism, wherever possible." 325, with 4,674 persons on trial for admission And he added: "When M. Paul Bert. the to the· church. The method pursued by the bitter opponent of Cleric",lism at home, society is to send to the field English mis- went as Governor of Tonquin, he remarked sionaries for the purpose of organization that their free thinking aud liberty of conand supervision or to gIve instruction in science views were not for exportation. training institntions. All subordinate po- In Tahiti and several other South Sea sitions are occupied by a trained native Islauds, in Madagascar, and wherever our agency, While it is understood that every missionarie~ have been signally successfuh convert, according to his ability, should be the French have. if opportunity offered, a voluntary worker for Christ. The total tried to damage them." income for the past year was nearly £132.- 000. The report for the year expresses -The Paris Missionary Society has a wongreat discouragement because of a debt of derful missionary work in South Africa. In almost £17,000 which has been accumulat- connection with its mission amoug the ing for the past three years. In addition to Basutos it has 176 native workers and 6,000 the above is the work done by the Ladies' church-members. The Zambesi Mission, of Auxiliary connected with the society. and which M. Coillard is in charge, is an offreporting an income for the year of almost spring of the Basuto Mission. The society £8,000. also has missions on the Congo, in Senegam- bia, and in Kabylia. -Rev. James Johnston, F. S. S., in a recent letter to us, speaks of the attacks which India.-Rev. J. E. Scott writes from have been made by Canon . Taylor and Muttra: others on the missionary societies of Great Britain, and says: .. These recent attacks .. There are 90,000 people just around me, on our missions in this country are encaur· and more than 700,000 iu the district. The aqing ! ! They are made by men whose sound of the hammer and trowel has comtrade is sensation and can only gain it by menced. A mission house half finished, a attacking what is great and popular. Not training-school (Woman's Foreign Missionone society has suffered. The Church Mis_ ary Society) just commenced, a schoolsionary Society never had such an income house and a hall and chapel in prospect. as this year. The London Mission Society The fincst temple in North India is here. A have in a few weeks made up their chronic temple covering 10 acres and costing $2,000.- deficit of £15,000; and the number of new 000 is here. 'l'here are 8,000 widows, all bad, schemes started by independent societies is at Brindabon, in the vicinity. They are the another sig.. of life. though it takes erratic so-called' Brides of Krishna.· .. forms and tends to weaken old societies."- The Missionary. -From Dr. Fry's report of the Travancore Medical Mission for the past year, we learn -Canon Isaac Taylor's attack on the mis- that at Neyoor. and in the eight branch dissions is the subject of a brief but powerful pensaries now opened throughout the provarticle in the January issue of Regions Be- ince, 27,657 patients were treated during yond, by Mrs. H. Grattan Guinness. Agree- 1888. Of these 1,255 were received into the ing with the Canon that" the work would Neyoor Hospital as in-door patients… The be better doue if the missionaries were year 1888," writes Dr. Fry, .. is one of faultless, unselfish. devoted, heroic saints," special interest, as being the jubilee year Mrs. Guinness tersely says: .. But au iu- of the South Travancore Medical Mission. Fifty years have' now gone by since Dr. Ramsay, the first medical missiona.ry, began his work in Nagercoil. Drs. Leitch, whole Waldensian church of Italy, of which Lowe and Thomson have successively sus- the present statistics are 42 churches, 38 tained the burden and increased the influ- preachini' stations, 124 pastors and other ence of the enterprise, and it is gi ven us to workers, is the outcome of that return of .. reap where others have sown, and to wit- few hundred, Who were all that were left of ness in the present developments of this the 3,000 to 4,000 that had been expelled by branch of service the results of half a cen- Victor Amadeus II. of Savoy. Without that tury of faithful toil. We have every reason return the Waldensian Church would have to bless God and go forward in firm depend- been wiped outof existe'lce in Italy. In the ence on His power who has so markedly minds and hearts of this people it is the most supported His servants in past days."-Ed- glorious event in their eventful history {nburgh Medical Missionary So~iety. which they are this year celebrating. Dr. Emil Comba, probably their best known -Arcot American Mission. At Katpadi a itterateur, compares it with the return of new chapel wasopcned January 10, on which the ten thousand Greeks, and draws special occasion twelve children and two adults attention to the fact thltt the skill of were baptized. The mission was established leadership had called forth the warm adat Katpadi 1.1 Rev. W. W. Scudder, D.D., miration of Napoleon Bonaparte.-The ["'- who occupied the station for five years and dependent. baptized fifty person~. At the close of his pastorate there were fifteen commnnicauts. -Count Campello, who was a canon in the There are now 164 communicants and a con- Church of Rome tiil1881, when he placed his gregation of 485 Teluga and Tamil ChriA- resignation in the hands of Pope Leo XIII., tians. A native minister, the Rev. A. Wil- has lately been addressing immense meetliams, is assisted by two deacons and two ings in various parts of Italv. He does not elders. call himself a Protestant, but a Catholic Reformer. His latest meetings were at -In the Northwest of India and of Qude San Remo, where, a correspondent of the missionary physiciaus are coming promi- Christian says, .. the Italians turned out in neutly into nutlce. Nearly 75,000 cases were thousands to hear liim. He told them plainly treated at eleveu dispensaries, and 11,000 that he left the Vatican because he was women sought relief at Mrs. Wilson's dispen- wearied of hypocrisy and of slavery. He sary at Agra; 18,850 women and children were left itobecause he wished to profess himself treated at the Thomas Dispensary at Agra. a believer and follower of Jesus Christ. He The women doctors in charge. successfully called upon the Italians to drive the papacy performed some very important surgical from their consciences aud minds, and operations. hearts, and homes, and, if one day an oppor- tunitv came to do so, out of their country. -The Moslems of Delhi have opened a And then, in most earnest and impressive seminary in which preachers are taught all words, he urged them to put Christ in the the objections of Western infidels against place of the pope, and the gospel in place of Christianity that they may go forth to op- the Syllabus. In all he -said he was suppose the Christian preachers in town and ported by the applause of his audience. count.rv. Even when preaching Christ there was not raised one cry of opposition. The local press -The Waldensians are eagerly preparing is strongly supporting Count Campello and for the celebration of the second centennial his movement, and some of the young Italof the" glorious return" of 16~9, when after ians waited upon him before he left the Umuntold sufferings aud banishment from the bria to beg his return." historic valleys as one of the results of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, they, Japan.-Opposition to the proposed unwith sword in hand, and led by their war- ion between the united church of Japan, like pastors, Janavel and Arnaud, forced which is composed of all Presbyterian bodtheir way back to their ancestral homes. ies in that empire, aud the Congregational- The contest was against fearful odds. On ist missionaries, comes from a new quarter. the mountain fltstness of Lit BalsiJIe, Where, Theaid of the Southern Presbyterian church of the 900 Waldensians that returned, about has been invoked to hinder consummation 400 held at bay more than twenty thousand of the union. The Presbytery of Greenbier, Savoyan soldiers, a school is being erected. in the Western part of Virginia, has OVer- In Sibltourd, where, when surrounded on all tured the General Assembly of that church Sides by the hosts of the enemy, the Walden- to take measures to protect the infant sian Christians took a solemn oath either to churches formed by its missionaries from conquer or to die, a pyramid bnilt of blocks the dangers which it believes to be involved of stone is being erected, the number of in this union. These dangers the Presbytery blocks corresponding to the number of Wal- declares to be both doctrinal and ecclesiasdensian congregations existing at present. tical-that is, a danger that fundamental At Torre Pellice, the centel' of the literary truths of the Christian faith may be ignored, and educational work of this people, a new and a danger that principles of church order theological hall is to be dedicated. All these memorials are now abo;]t completed. The which are manifestly scriptural may be moa of the invasion of that troubled king- dom by a band of Mormon missionaries. Six abandoned. ' of them have appeared and six more are on the way from Utah, and they say they are -The number ofconverts in the Japan Mis- going to carryon a vigorous campaign in every viJIage in the group. They appear to sion of the American Board has increased have plenty of financial support., The na- tives receive them coldly, but they have in fifteen months from 4.226 to 7,098, a gain made an impression on European traders.

of 2,867. This is the most remarkable record Thlbet.-Thibet is the only known coun_ tryon earth not open to missions. It has an in any mission connected with the board, area of 750,000 square miles, about as large as the United States East of the MiSSisSippi with the exception of tbe great gathering River. The greatest length from East to West is 1,500 miles, and the population is esin the Sandwich Islands. timated at 8,000,000. It is the stronghold of Buddhism. Lhassa, the capital, is the -At the service in the Doshisha church, .. Rome" of the Buddhists, and the Dalai Lama is the Buddhist pope. He is supreme Kobe, Japan, March 24, there were 100 of in both temporal and spiritual things. One monastery has about 5,000 Buddhist priests, the pupils who united with the church. Five and there are about 60,000 in the country. Thibet is virgin soil for missions. The counwere from the girls' school, 62 from the pre- try is tributary to China.-Illmtrated Chris- tion Weekly. paratory department, 20 from the first year -Mr. and Mrs. Turner, of the China Inland collegiate, and 16 from the second and third Mission, have begun work in Thibet from the Chinese side. They travel in Chinese clothes. years. This fact is a most important one. Thibft is inaccessible to Christian missionaries -The Japan" Mail," of Yokohama, in a from the Indian side, the natives supposing that the British Government have designs series of ILrticles on thc rising generation in to annex the country whenever a missionary in European costume enters their State Japan, says that the young reformers agree from the South. If the China Inland Mission .. keeps low, keeps believing and keeps going that there must be a new moral system for forward," it has a still mightier future be- fore it than in the past. The society that Japan, and that it must harmonize with the opens up Thibet to the gospel deserves the hearty thanks of the whole Christian church spirit and aim of modern ciyilizatior: ; but throughont the world.

they are divided on the question whether it United States.-Dr. Talmage, ofBrook- lyn,says: "The church, if it would do its shall be the Christian system of moraJity or duty, could convert the world in ten years. Ithas the men and money." On which The Inthat which is based on science and philoso- dependent makes this cutting and deserved criticism: "Perhaps so, but it must turn phy. The MaU goes on to say: over a new leaf of generosity very soon if it is going to undertake so great and speedy a "That in recent years a wonderful change task. The Brooklyn Tabernacle last year, with 4.126 members reported, gave $151 to has taken place in our attitude toward home missions and $138 to foreil:'n missions."

Christianity is now a well-known fact, and -Romanism. Father O'Connor, the con. verted priest, is said to have led 800 Romanneed not be dwelt upon here. Only, how- ists into light in five years in New York City ever. within the last two or three years, or, -Gift to United Presbyterian Board. An- other l,OOOcopies of the" Crisis of Missions" in other words, since the awakening of the has been given to the United Presbyterian Board, the author and publishers uniting rising generation, has the new creed become with Rev. J. B. Dales, D. D., in the gift.

a vital element of the nation's civilized life. -Woman's work. The Woman'& Execu- Its inlluence is now felt through the rising tive Committee of Home Missions ot the generation, not only by reason of the fast Presbyterian church announces that its re- ceipts for the year just closed amount to increasing number of young converts, but S320,OOO, an advance over last year of $94,000. Well done. also, and perhaps to a greater extent, by means of the creation of a powerful litera- ture thoroughly imbued with Christian spirit."

-"The Twelfth Report of the Council of Missions co-operating with the united church of Christ In Japan," publislled at Tokio, January, 1889, says: .. The united church of Christ iu Japan has enjoyed a year of constant growth. There has been no excitement and no extraordinary efforts have been put forth." Yet it says in no previous year have 'the additions been 80 many. The adult members of the church number 7,551. The" infant members" num- ber 1,139, the total being 8,690, an increase of 1,831 during the vear. The churches num- ber 61, three having been added during the year. This church was formed in 1877 by the union of eight churches and 623 Christiaus, including the children. In the pa.st three years the church has doubled its member- ship, and in eleven years has progressed from 600 to 9,000. A like progress for the remaining twelve years of the century will make the membership in the year 1,900, the nuinber of John's vision, 144,000.

Samoa.-Monnon InvaSIon. The Lon- don Missionary Society has news from Sa-